Merge pull request #1 from resizes/iac

Adding iac docs

Author: guillermotti

docs/ci-cd/continuous-integration.md

@@ -4,8 +4,56 @@ sidebar_position: 1
 
 # Continuous Integration
 
-Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice where developers regularly merge their code changes into a central repository, after which automated builds and tests are run. The key goals of CI are to find and address bugs quicker, improve software quality, and reduce the time it takes to validate and release new software updates.
+Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice where members of a team integrate their work frequently, usually each person integrates at least daily — leading to multiple integrations per day. Each integration is automatically verified by building the project and running automated tests. This approach leads to significantly reduced integration problems and allows a team to develop cohesive software more rapidly.
 
-:::warning
-🚧 Work in progress 🚧
-:::
+## Key Concepts
+
+### Integration
+
+Integration refers to the process of combining individual software modules into a unified system. In the context of CI, integration happens frequently and is automated to ensure that new code changes work with the existing codebase.
+
+### Automation
+
+Automation in CI involves the use of tools to automatically build, test, and deploy code changes. This is crucial for speeding up the development process and reducing manual errors.
+
+### Build
+
+The build process compiles source code into executable code. This process may also include packaging the code into deployable artifacts, such as binaries or web application archives.
+
+### Test
+
+Automated testing runs predefined tests against the codebase to ensure that new changes do not break existing functionality. This includes unit tests, integration tests, and sometimes, end-to-end tests.
+
+## CI Process
+
+1. **Commit**: Developers commit changes to the version control repository. Commits should be small and frequent to minimize integration issues.
+2. **Build**: The CI server monitors the repository and triggers a build for each new commit.
+3. **Test**: Alongside building, automated tests are run. These tests should cover as much of the codebase as possible.
+4. **Report**: The results of the build and test processes are reported to the team. If any step fails, the team is alerted immediately.
+5. **Fix**: Developers quickly fix the issue if the integration fails. The goal is to keep the codebase in a working state.
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Maintain a Single Source Repository**: Ensure that your codebase is in a version control system accessible to all team members and the CI server.
+- **Automate the Build**: The build process should be fully automated and capable of generating a deployable artifact.
+- **Make Builds Self-Testing**: Ensure that your automated tests are comprehensive and reliable.
+- **Fix Broken Builds Immediately**: Treat broken builds as a top priority to maintain the stability of the codebase.
+- **Keep the Build Fast**: Optimize build and test processes to provide rapid feedback.
+- **Test in a Clone of the Production Environment**: Use a test environment that mirrors production as closely as possible to catch environment-specific issues.
+- **Make it Easy to Get the Latest Deliverables**: Automate deployment processes to make it easy for testers and stakeholders to access the latest version.
+- **Everyone Commits to the Mainline Every Day**: Encourage frequent integration to reduce integration issues.
+- **Transparent Build Results**: Make the results of the builds and tests visible to the entire team to promote accountability and quick response to issues.
+
+## CI Tools
+
+There are many CI tools available, each with its own set of features and integrations. Some popular CI tools include:
+
+- **Jenkins**: An open-source automation server that supports building, deploying, and automating any project.
+- **Travis CI**: A cloud-based CI service that integrates with GitHub repositories.
+- **CircleCI**: A cloud-based CI/CD platform that automates the software development process.
+- **GitLab CI**: A part of GitLab's DevOps platform that provides continuous integration and continuous delivery.
+- **GitHub Actions**: A CI/CD service provided by GitHub that allows you to automate your workflow directly from your repository.
+
+## Conclusion
+
+Continuous Integration is a fundamental practice in modern software development. It helps teams to catch integration issues early, maintain a stable codebase, and deliver high-quality software more rapidly. By automating the build, test, and deployment processes, teams can focus on writing code and delivering value to their users.

docs/infrastructure-as-code/alternatives.md

@@ -4,8 +4,76 @@ sidebar_position: 4
 
 # Alternative IaC Tools
 
-Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is the process of managing and provisioning computing infrastructure through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools. IaC is a key DevOps practice and is used to manage and provision infrastructure in a safe, repeatable, and efficient manner.
+Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a crucial practice in modern DevOps and Platform Engineering, enabling teams to manage and provision their infrastructure through code rather than manual processes. While Terraform and the recent release of OpenTofu are well-known IaC tools, several other solutions offer unique features and benefits. Here's an overview of some notable alternative IaC tools.
 
-:::warning
-🚧 Work in progress 🚧
-:::
+## Ansible
+
+Ansible is an open-source tool designed for automation, including software provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment. It uses YAML for its playbook language, making it accessible for writing automation scripts.
+
+:::info
+Ansible is developed and maintained by Red Hat, a subsidiary of IBM. Learn more about Ansible on the [official website](https://www.ansible.com/).
+:::
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **Agentless**: Ansible does not require any agents or daemons to be installed on the managed nodes, making it lightweight and easy to set up.
+- **Idempotent**: Ansible ensures that the system configuration is consistent and predictable, even when the playbook is run multiple times.
+- **Extensible**: Ansible can be extended through custom modules, plugins, and roles, allowing you to tailor it to your specific infrastructure requirements.
+
+## Puppet
+
+Puppet is an open-source configuration management tool that helps automate the provisioning and management of infrastructure. It uses its declarative language or Ruby to define infrastructure as code.
+
+:::info
+Puppet is developed and maintained by Puppet, Inc. Learn more about Puppet on the [official website](https://puppet.com/).
+:::
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **Master-Agent Architecture**: Utilizes a master server that manages nodes, with agents installed on each node to communicate with the master.
+- **Scalability**: Efficiently manages large-scale infrastructure, making it suitable for enterprises.
+- **Enforcement and Reporting**: Automatically enforces the desired state and provides detailed reporting on infrastructure status.
+
+## Chef
+
+Chef is a powerful automation platform that transforms infrastructure into code. It uses Ruby as its domain-specific language (DSL) for writing cookbooks, which define the desired state of the infrastructure.
+
+:::info
+Chef is developed and maintained by Progress Software Corporation. Learn more about Chef on the [official website](https://www.chef.io/).
+:::
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **Ruby-Based DSL**: Uses a domain-specific language based on Ruby for writing system configurations.
+- **Flexible**: Highly customizable, allowing users to adapt it to meet the needs of their infrastructure.
+- **Strong Ecosystem**: Has a large community and a wide range of cookbooks (collections of configurations) available for different applications and services.
+
+## CloudFormation
+
+AWS CloudFormation is a service that helps you model and set up your Amazon Web Services resources so you can spend less time managing those resources and more time focusing on your applications.
+
+:::info
+CloudFormation is developed and maintained by Amazon Web Services. Learn more about CloudFormation on the [official website](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/).
+:::
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **AWS-Native**: Seamlessly integrates with AWS services, providing a cohesive experience for AWS infrastructure management.
+- **Templates**: Uses JSON or YAML templates to describe the desired state of AWS resources.
+- **Stacks**: Manages related resources as a single unit called a stack, which can be created, updated, or deleted together.
+
+## Pulumi
+
+Pulumi is an open-source infrastructure as code tool that allows you to define infrastructure using general-purpose programming languages, such as TypeScript, Python, Go, and .NET.
+
+:::info
+Pulumi is developed and maintained by Pulumi Corporation. Learn more about Pulumi on the [official website](https://www.pulumi.com/).
+:::
+
+### Key Features
+
+- **Multi-Language Support**: Enables developers to use familiar programming languages, enhancing productivity and collaboration.
+- **Multi-Cloud Support**: Supports major cloud providers, allowing for management of diverse cloud resources through a single platform.
+- **Modern Application Architectures**: Caters to modern application needs, including serverless functions, containers, and data services.
+
+Each of these tools has its strengths and is suited to different requirements or preferences. The choice between them often depends on the specific needs of the project, such as the complexity of the infrastructure, the cloud services being used, the preferred programming language, and the need for agent-based or agentless operation.

docs/infrastructure-as-code/atlantis.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+sidebar_position: 4
+---
+
+# Atlantis
+
+Atlantis is an open-source tool that automates Terraform workflows. It provides a collaborative environment for Terraform, enabling teams to work together on infrastructure changes. Atlantis is designed to simplify the process of reviewing, approving, and merging Terraform pull requests, ensuring that infrastructure changes are managed in a controlled and efficient manner. It integrates with version control system (VCS) providers like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket to provide a unified workflow for provisioning and managing infrastructure through pull requests (PRs).
+
+:::info
+Atlantis is developed and maintained by the [community](https://www.runatlantis.io/).
+:::
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+- **Pull Request Automation**: Atlantis automates Terraform plan and apply commands in response to VCS pull requests and comments, making infrastructure changes visible and collaborative.
+- **State Locking**: Prevents concurrent execution of Terraform commands on the same state files, ensuring that infrastructure changes are applied safely.
+- **Custom Workflows**: Supports custom workflows, allowing teams to tailor Atlantis to fit their specific processes and policies.

docs/infrastructure-as-code/opentofu.md

@@ -4,8 +4,16 @@ sidebar_position: 3
 
 # OpenToFu
 
-OpenToFu is a set of tools and best practices for managing infrastructure as code (IaC) and cloud resources. It is designed to help you manage your infrastructure in a way that is consistent, repeatable, and scalable.
+OpenTofu is a compelling open-source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool that has emerged as an alternative to Terraform, especially in light of recent license changes by HashiCorp.
 
-:::warning
-🚧 Work in progress 🚧
-:::
+:::info
+OpenTofu is developed and maintained by a community of contributors and organizations. Learn more about OpenTofu on the [official website](https://opentofu.org/).
+:::
+
+- **Purpose and Background**: OpenTofu was created as a response to HashiCorp's decision to change Terraform's license from the Mozilla Public License v2.0 (MPLv2) to a Business Source License (BSL). This move by HashiCorp prompted the creation of OpenTofu to ensure that a fully open-source version of Terraform remains available to the community.
+- **Development and Support**: The project is backed by notable organizations including Gruntwork, Spacelift, Harness, Env0, and Scalr. This backing is indicative of strong community support and the potential for rapid development and growth of the project.
+- **Key Features**: Like Terraform, OpenTofu allows you to define both cloud and on-premises resources in human-readable configuration files. These files can be versioned, reused, and shared, facilitating a consistent workflow for provisioning and managing infrastructure throughout its lifecycle. OpenTofu aims to be on par with Terraform in terms of functionality but also focuses on addressing community issues and requests more promptly.
+- **Infrastructure Management**: OpenTofu adopts an immutable approach to infrastructure, which simplifies the process of upgrading or modifying services and infrastructure components. It also generates plans and requires approval before making any changes to the infrastructure, thereby ensuring a controlled and predictable deployment process.
+- **Open Source Commitment**: One of OpenTofu's core objectives is to remain open-source, addressing concerns within the community about the sustainability of open-source projects in the face of changing licenses. This commitment is likely to attract users and contributors who prioritize open-source values in their projects and infrastructure management tools.
+
+OpenTofu represents a significant development in the IaC space, especially for those in the community who have been looking for a Terraform alternative that aligns with open-source principles. Its emergence underscores the importance of community-driven initiatives in shaping the future of technology tools and platforms.

docs/infrastructure-as-code/terraform.md

@@ -4,8 +4,55 @@ sidebar_position: 2
 
 # Terraform
 
-Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp. It enables users to define and provision a datacenter infrastructure using a high-level configuration language known as Hashicorp Configuration Language (HCL), or optionally JSON.
+Terraform is a powerful, open-source infrastructure as code (IAC) tool that enables you to build, change, and version infrastructure safely and efficiently. It manages external resources (such as public cloud infrastructure, private cloud infrastructure, network appliances, software as a service, and more) with a human-readable configuration language called HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL), or optionally JSON. With Terraform, you can manage infrastructure across multiple cloud providers using a single workflow, making it a key tool in the domain of cloud engineering and platform engineering.
+
+:::info
+Terraform is developed and maintained by HashiCorp, a company that provides a suite of infrastructure automation products. Learn more about Terraform on the [official website](https://www.terraform.io/).
+:::
+
+## Key Concepts of Terraform
+
+- **Infrastructure as Code (IaC)**: Terraform allows you to define infrastructure through code to increase automation and reduce manual processes, improving both scalability and reliability of infrastructure.
+- **Execution Plans**: Terraform generates an execution plan. This shows you what it will do before it makes any changes, allowing you to review and approve the proposed actions.
+- **Resource Graph**: Terraform builds a graph of all your resources, which enables it to identify the dependencies between resources and parallelize the creation and destruction of non-dependent resources.
+- **Change Automation**: With minimal human interaction, Terraform can execute the planned actions in a safe and predictable manner, reducing human errors.
+
+## Best Practices for Platform Engineering with Terraform
+
+Platform Engineering involves creating a platform that abstracts complex infrastructure details for developers, enabling them to deploy applications quickly and reliably. Here are some Terraform tips that align well with platform engineering goals:
+
+1. **Modularize your Terraform Code**: Break down your Terraform code into modules for reusable pieces such as network setups, compute instances, etc. This enhances code reuse, makes the codebase easier to manage, and allows different teams to work on separate components with ease.
+
+2. **Use Remote State Backends**: Terraform stores state about your managed infrastructure and configuration. For teams, it's crucial to use remote state backends like AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, or Google Cloud Storage. This allows team members to share state and lock the state to prevent conflicts.
+
+3. **Implement Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Policies**: Use policy as code frameworks (like OPA or Sentinel) with Terraform to enforce guidelines and compliance standards across your infrastructure, ensuring that all deployed resources comply with organizational and regulatory standards.
+
+4. **Automate Terraform Workflows**: Integrate Terraform with CI/CD pipelines for automated testing and deployment of infrastructure changes. This ensures that changes are consistently applied and enables rapid deployment and rollback if needed.
+
+5. **Version Pinning for Providers and Modules**: To ensure consistency and prevent unexpected changes, pin the versions of Terraform providers and modules. This helps in avoiding breaking changes and ensures that the infrastructure is deployed with known, stable versions.
+
+6. **Review and Refactor Regularly**: Infrastructure needs evolve over time, and so should your Terraform code. Regularly review and refactor your Terraform configurations to optimize resource usage, incorporate new Terraform features, and improve maintainability.
+
+7. **Secure Secrets**: Never hard-code sensitive information in your Terraform configurations. Use secret management tools like HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, or environment variables, and reference these in your Terraform code.
+
+8. **Plan for Disaster Recovery**: Use Terraform to define disaster recovery strategies. This involves setting up backup mechanisms, replication across regions, and quick recovery processes to minimize downtime in case of a disaster.
+
+By following these practices, you can leverage Terraform effectively within the realm of platform engineering, creating a robust, scalable, and maintainable infrastructure that accelerates development cycles and improves operational efficiency.
+
+## Example Terraform Configuration
+
+Here's an example of a simple Terraform configuration that creates an AWS EC2 instance:
+
+```hcl
+provider "aws" {
+  region = "us-west-2"
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "example" {
+  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
+  instance_type = "t2.micro"
+}
+```
+
+In this example, the `provider` block configures the AWS provider, and the `resource` block creates an EC2 instance. This is a simple example, but Terraform can be used to manage a wide variety of resources across multiple cloud providers.
 
-:::warning
-🚧 Work in progress 🚧
-:::