challenge-2023.02-feb/challenge-2023.02-feb.ipynb

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    "# February 2023 Challenge: Mentorship Program Screening Tasks\n",
    "\n",
    "Since this month coincides with the application window for the QOSF mentorship program, we have decided to make the corresponding screening tasks the challenge for this month. So, even if you aren't applying to the mentorship program you can still have a look at the screening tasks.\n",
    "\n",
    "There are four separate tasks, so you're welcome to try your hand at as many of them as you like!\n",
    "\n",
    "**_NOTE: The application deadline is February 28th, so don't submit any PRs until after that date since you would be making potential solutions public.**\n",
    "\n",
    "## Task 1 Find the largest number\n",
    "\n",
    "You have two integers, either positive or negative, and the challenge is to generate a quantum algorithm that returns which is the larger number. Consider an appropriate number of qubits and explain why your proposal is valid for all kinds of numbers in case \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "<div style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588); padding:10px 0;font-family:monospace;\">\n",
    "<font color = \"blue\"><b>def find_the_largest_number (int:number_1, int ,number_2):</b></font><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color = \"purple\">     “”” <br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; number_1 : integer value that is the first parameter to the function <br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; number_2 : integer value that is the second parameter to the function <br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Return the largest number between number_1 and number_2 <br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     “””</font>  <br>\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "      # use a framework that works with quantum circuits, qiskit, cirq, pennylane, etc. \n",
    "\n",
    "      # consider print your quantum circuit,\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Example\n",
    "\n",
    "<div style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588); padding:10px 0;font-family:monospace;\">\n",
    "<font color = \"blue\"><b>A = find_the_largest_number(5,-6)</b></font><br>\n",
    "print(A)\n",
    "<font color = \"purple\"> 5</font> \n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### References:\n",
    "\n",
    "[1] Deutsch, David, and Richard Jozsa. \"Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation.\" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. [Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences 439.1907 (1992): 553-558](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.10969.pdf).\n",
    "\n",
    "[2] Bernstein, Ethan, and Umesh Vazirani. [\"Quantum complexity theory.\" SIAM Journal on computing 26.5 (1997): 1411-1473. ](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09655.pdf)\n",
    "\n",
    "[3] Grover, Lov K. , \"A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search\", Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (1996), [arXiv:quant-ph/9605043](https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9605043)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "## Task 2  Is Rectangle?\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Given four positive integers A, B, C, D, determine if there’s a rectangle such that the lengths of its sides are A, B, C and D (in any order).\n",
    "\n",
    "If any such rectangle exist return 1 else return 0.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "<div style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588); padding:10px 0;font-family:monospace;\">\n",
    "<font color = \"blue\"><b>def is_rectangle (int:A, int:B, int:C, int:D):</b></font><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color = \"purple\">     “”” <br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A : integer value that is one side of the rectangle.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B : integer value that is one side of the rectangle.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C : integer value that is one side of the rectangle.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D : integer value that is one side of the rectangle.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Return if is a rectangle return 1 else 0. .<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     “””</font>  <br>\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "      # use a framework that works with quantum circuits, qiskit, cirq, pennylane, etc. \n",
    "\n",
    "      # consider print your quantum circuit,\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Example\n",
    "\n",
    "<div style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588); padding:10px 0;font-family:monospace;\">\n",
    "<font color = \"blue\"><b>A = is_rectangle(5,6,6,5)</b></font><br>\n",
    "print(A)\n",
    "<font color = \"purple\"> 1</font> \n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Task 3 QSVM\n",
    "\n",
    "Generate a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) using the [iris dataset](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/iris) and try to propose a kernel from a parametric quantum circuit to classify the three classes(setosa, versicolor, virginica) using the one-vs-all format, the kernel only works as binary classification. Identify the proposal with the lowest number of qubits and depth to obtain higher accuracy. You can use the UU† format or using the [Swap-Test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swap_test).\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "## Task 4 Random Circuits\n",
    "\n",
    "Design a function that generates a random quantum circuit by considering as parameters the number of qubits, the number of depths, and the base of gates to be used. You could only use the quantum gates of 1 and 2 qubits.\n",
    "\n",
    "<div style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588); padding:10px 0;font-family:monospace;\">\n",
    "<font color = \"blue\"><b>def random_circuit (int:num_qubits, int:depth, list:basis_gates):\n",
    "</b></font><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color = \"purple\">     “”” <br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; num_qubits : integer value that is the number of qubits.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; depth: integer value that is the depth for the random circuit.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; basis_gates : A list that contains the basis gates to generate the quantum circuit.<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Return the quantum circuit<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     “””</font>  <br>\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "      # use a framework that works with quantum circuits, qiskit, cirq, pennylane, etc. \n",
    "\n",
    "      # consider print your quantum circuit,\n",
    "</div>\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Bonus: use the following order between qubits of a quantum computer\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "![](images/basis_qubits.png)\n"
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