[FEATURE] Build out QRC base classes

[Kenny-Heitritter]

Feature Description

Shehbaz has implemented a first-take at QRC using Cuda-Quantum in https://github.com/ShehbazTariq/cudaq-qrc. We should start off by building base classes that make sense in the context of that codebase. The overall workflow would be:

1. determine the main process flows (encoding, dynamics, etc) in that repo's example notebook
2. build base classes here such that they are likely to be extensible to other variations of QRC
3. using inheritance from these base classes, build specialized classes that make it easy to run the same workflow from the original notebook

Implementation (Optional)

No response