Merge pull request #9718 from pradyunsg/docs/rename-reference-to-comm…

…ands

docs/html/cli/index.md

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+# Commands
+
+The general options that apply to all the commands listed below can be
+found [under the `pip` page in this section](pip).
+
+```{toctree}
+:maxdepth: 1
+:hidden:
+
+pip
+```
+
+```{toctree}
+:maxdepth: 1
+:caption: Environment Management and Introspection
+
+pip_install
+pip_uninstall
+pip_list
+pip_freeze
+pip_check
+```
+
+```{toctree}
+:maxdepth: 1
+:caption: Handling Distribution Files
+
+pip_download
+pip_wheel
+pip_hash
+```
+
+```{toctree}
+:maxdepth: 1
+:caption: Package Index information
+
+pip_show
+pip_search
+```
+
+```{toctree}
+:maxdepth: 1
+:caption: Managing pip itself
+
+pip_cache
+pip_config
+pip_debug
+```

docs/html/cli/pip.rst

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+===
+pip
+===
+
+
+Usage
+*****
+
+.. tab:: Unix/macOS
+
+    .. code-block:: shell
+
+        python -m pip <command> [options]
+
+.. tab:: Windows
+
+    .. code-block:: shell
+
+        py -m pip <command> [options]
+
+Description
+***********
+
+
+.. _`Logging`:
+
+
+Logging
+=======
+
+Console logging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+pip offers :ref:`-v, --verbose <--verbose>` and :ref:`-q, --quiet <--quiet>`
+to control the console log level. By default, some messages (error and warnings)
+are colored in the terminal. If you want to suppress the colored output use
+:ref:`--no-color <--no-color>`.
+
+
+.. _`FileLogging`:
+
+File logging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+pip offers the :ref:`--log <--log>` option for specifying a file where a maximum
+verbosity log will be kept.  This option is empty by default. This log appends
+to previous logging.
+
+Like all pip options, ``--log`` can also be set as an environment variable, or
+placed into the pip config file.  See the :ref:`Configuration` section.
+
+.. _`exists-action`:
+
+--exists-action option
+======================
+
+This option specifies default behavior when path already exists.
+Possible cases: downloading files or checking out repositories for installation,
+creating archives. If ``--exists-action`` is not defined, pip will prompt
+when decision is needed.
+
+*(s)witch*
+    Only relevant to VCS checkout. Attempt to switch the checkout
+    to the appropriate URL and/or revision.
+*(i)gnore*
+    Abort current operation (e.g. don't copy file, don't create archive,
+    don't modify a checkout).
+*(w)ipe*
+    Delete the file or VCS checkout before trying to create, download, or checkout a new one.
+*(b)ackup*
+    Rename the file or checkout to ``{name}{'.bak' * n}``, where n is some number
+    of ``.bak`` extensions, such that the file didn't exist at some point.
+    So the most recent backup will be the one with the largest number after ``.bak``.
+*(a)abort*
+    Abort pip and return non-zero exit status.
+
+.. _`build-interface`:
+
+
+Build System Interface
+======================
+
+pip builds packages by invoking the build system. By default, builds will use
+``setuptools``, but if a project specifies a different build system using a
+``pyproject.toml`` file, as per :pep:`517`, pip will use that instead.  As well
+as package building, the build system is also invoked to install packages
+direct from source.  This is handled by invoking the build system to build a
+wheel, and then installing from that wheel.  The built wheel is cached locally
+by pip to avoid repeated identical builds.
+
+The current interface to the build system is via the ``setup.py`` command line
+script - all build actions are defined in terms of the specific ``setup.py``
+command line that will be run to invoke the required action.
+
+Setuptools Injection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When :pep:`517` is not used, the supported build system is ``setuptools``.
+However, not all packages use ``setuptools`` in their build scripts. To support
+projects that use "pure ``distutils``", pip injects ``setuptools`` into
+``sys.modules`` before invoking ``setup.py``. The injection should be
+transparent to ``distutils``-based projects, but 3rd party build tools wishing
+to provide a ``setup.py`` emulating the commands pip requires may need to be
+aware that it takes place.
+
+Projects using :pep:`517` *must* explicitly use setuptools - pip does not do
+the above injection process in this case.
+
+Build System Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Any output produced by the build system will be read by pip (for display to the
+user if requested). In order to correctly read the build system output, pip
+requires that the output is written in a well-defined encoding, specifically
+the encoding the user has configured for text output (which can be obtained in
+Python using ``locale.getpreferredencoding``). If the configured encoding is
+ASCII, pip assumes UTF-8 (to account for the behaviour of some Unix systems).
+
+Build systems should ensure that any tools they invoke (compilers, etc) produce
+output in the correct encoding. In practice - and in particular on Windows,
+where tools are inconsistent in their use of the "OEM" and "ANSI" codepages -
+this may not always be possible. pip will therefore attempt to recover cleanly
+if presented with incorrectly encoded build tool output, by translating
+unexpected byte sequences to Python-style hexadecimal escape sequences
+(``"\x80\xff"``, etc). However, it is still possible for output to be displayed
+using an incorrect encoding (mojibake).
+
+Under :pep:`517`, handling of build tool output is the backend's responsibility,
+and pip simply displays the output produced by the backend. (Backends, however,
+will likely still have to address the issues described above).
+
+PEP 517 and 518 Support
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As of version 10.0, pip supports projects declaring dependencies that are
+required at install time using a ``pyproject.toml`` file, in the form described
+in :pep:`518`. When building a project, pip will install the required
+dependencies locally, and make them available to the build process.
+Furthermore, from version 19.0 onwards, pip supports projects specifying the
+build backend they use in ``pyproject.toml``, in the form described in
+:pep:`517`.
+
+When making build requirements available, pip does so in an *isolated
+environment*. That is, pip does not install those requirements into the user's
+``site-packages``, but rather installs them in a temporary directory which it
+adds to the user's ``sys.path`` for the duration of the build. This ensures
+that build requirements are handled independently of the user's runtime
+environment. For example, a project that needs a recent version of setuptools
+to build can still be installed, even if the user has an older version
+installed (and without silently replacing that version).
+
+In certain cases, projects (or redistributors) may have workflows that
+explicitly manage the build environment. For such workflows, build isolation
+can be problematic. If this is the case, pip provides a
+``--no-build-isolation`` flag to disable build isolation. Users supplying this
+flag are responsible for ensuring the build environment is managed
+appropriately (including ensuring that all required build dependencies are
+installed).
+
+By default, pip will continue to use the legacy (direct ``setup.py`` execution
+based) build processing for projects that do not have a ``pyproject.toml`` file.
+Projects with a ``pyproject.toml`` file will use a :pep:`517` backend. Projects
+with a ``pyproject.toml`` file, but which don't have a ``build-system`` section,
+will be assumed to have the following backend settings::
+
+    [build-system]
+    requires = ["setuptools>=40.8.0", "wheel"]
+    build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__"
+
+.. note::
+
+    ``setuptools`` 40.8.0 is the first version of setuptools that offers a
+    :pep:`517` backend that closely mimics directly executing ``setup.py``.
+
+If a project has ``[build-system]``, but no ``build-backend``, pip will also use
+``setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__``, but will expect the project requirements
+to include ``setuptools`` and ``wheel`` (and will report an error if the
+installed version of ``setuptools`` is not recent enough).
+
+If a user wants to explicitly request :pep:`517` handling even though a project
+doesn't have a ``pyproject.toml`` file, this can be done using the
+``--use-pep517`` command line option. Similarly, to request legacy processing
+even though ``pyproject.toml`` is present, the ``--no-use-pep517`` option is
+available (although obviously it is an error to choose ``--no-use-pep517`` if
+the project has no ``setup.py``, or explicitly requests a build backend). As
+with other command line flags, pip recognises the ``PIP_USE_PEP517``
+environment veriable and a ``use-pep517`` config file option (set to true or
+false) to set this option globally. Note that overriding pip's choice of
+whether to use :pep:`517` processing in this way does *not* affect whether pip
+will use an isolated build environment (which is controlled via
+``--no-build-isolation`` as noted above).
+
+Except in the case noted above (projects with no :pep:`518` ``[build-system]``
+section in ``pyproject.toml``), pip will never implicitly install a build
+system. Projects **must** ensure that the correct build system is listed in
+their ``requires`` list (this applies even if pip assumes that the
+``setuptools`` backend is being used, as noted above).
+
+.. _pep-518-limitations:
+
+**Historical Limitations**:
+
+* ``pip<18.0``: only supports installing build requirements from wheels, and
+  does not support the use of environment markers and extras (only version
+  specifiers are respected).
+
+* ``pip<18.1``: build dependencies using .pth files are not properly supported;
+  as a result namespace packages do not work under Python 3.2 and earlier.
+
+Future Developments
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:pep:`426` notes that the intention is to add hooks to project metadata in
+version 2.1 of the metadata spec, to explicitly define how to build a project
+from its source. Once this version of the metadata spec is final, pip will
+migrate to using that interface. At that point, the ``setup.py`` interface
+documented here will be retained solely for legacy purposes, until projects
+have migrated.
+
+Specifically, applications should *not* expect to rely on there being any form
+of backward compatibility guarantees around the ``setup.py`` interface.
+
+
+Build Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``--global-option`` and ``--build-option`` arguments to the ``pip install``
+and ``pip wheel`` inject additional arguments into the ``setup.py`` command
+(``--build-option`` is only available in ``pip wheel``).  These arguments are
+included in the command as follows:
+
+.. tab:: Unix/macOS
+
+    .. code-block:: console
+
+        python setup.py <global_options> BUILD COMMAND <build_options>
+
+.. tab:: Windows
+
+    .. code-block:: shell
+
+        py setup.py <global_options> BUILD COMMAND <build_options>
+
+The options are passed unmodified, and presently offer direct access to the
+distutils command line. Use of ``--global-option`` and ``--build-option``
+should be considered as build system dependent, and may not be supported in the
+current form if support for alternative build systems is added to pip.
+
+
+.. _`General Options`:
+
+General Options
+***************
+
+.. pip-general-options::

docs/html/cli/pip_cache.rst

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+
+.. _`pip cache`:
+
+pip cache
+---------
+
+
+Usage
+*****
+
+.. tab:: Unix/macOS
+
+   .. pip-command-usage:: cache "python -m pip"
+
+.. tab:: Windows
+
+   .. pip-command-usage:: cache "py -m pip"
+
+Description
+***********
+
+.. pip-command-description:: cache
+
+Options
+*******
+
+.. pip-command-options:: cache