diff --git a/pypdf/filters.py b/pypdf/filters.py
index bec1153f2..39e66b466 100644
--- a/pypdf/filters.py
+++ b/pypdf/filters.py
@@ -291,6 +291,65 @@ def decode(
         return retval
 
 
+class RunLengthDecode:
+    """
+    The RunLengthDecode filter decodes data that has been encoded in a
+    simple byte-oriented format based on run length.
+    The encoded data is a sequence of runs, where each run consists of
+    a length byte followed by 1 to 128 bytes of data. If the length byte is
+    in the range 0 to 127,
+    the following length + 1 (1 to 128) bytes are copied literally during
+    decompression.
+    If length is in the range 129 to 255, the following single byte is to be
+    copied 257 − length (2 to 128) times during decompression. A length value
+    of 128 denotes EOD.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode(
+        data: bytes,
+        decode_parms: Union[None, ArrayObject, DictionaryObject] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Decode an ASCII-Hex encoded data stream.
+
+        Args:
+          data: a bytes sequence of length/data
+          decode_parms: ignored.
+
+        Returns:
+          A bytes decompressed sequence.
+
+        Raises:
+          PdfStreamError:
+        """
+        if "decodeParms" in kwargs:  # deprecated
+            deprecate_with_replacement("decodeParms", "parameters", "4.0.0")
+            decode_parms = kwargs["decodeParms"]  # noqa: F841
+        lst = []
+        index = 0
+        while True:
+            if index >= len(data):
+                raise PdfStreamError("Unexpected EOD in RunLengthDecode")
+            length = data[index]
+            index += 1
+            if length == 128:
+                if index < len(data):
+                    raise PdfStreamError("early EOD in RunLengthDecode")
+                else:
+                    break
+            elif length < 128:
+                length += 1
+                lst.append(data[index : (index + length)])
+                index += length
+            else:  # >128
+                length = 257 - length
+                lst.append(bytes((data[index],)) * length)
+                index += 1
+        return b"".join(lst)
+
+
 class LZWDecode:
     """
     Taken from:
@@ -582,7 +641,7 @@ def decode_stream_data(stream: Any) -> Union[str, bytes]:  # utils.StreamObject
 
     This function decodes the stream data using the filters provided in the
     stream. It supports various filter types, including FlateDecode,
-    ASCIIHexDecode, LZWDecode, ASCII85Decode, DCTDecode, JPXDecode, and
+    ASCIIHexDecode, RunLengthDecode, LZWDecode, ASCII85Decode, DCTDecode, JPXDecode, and
     CCITTFaxDecode.
 
     Args:
@@ -613,6 +672,8 @@ def decode_stream_data(stream: Any) -> Union[str, bytes]:  # utils.StreamObject
                 data = FlateDecode.decode(data, params)
             elif filter_type in (FT.ASCII_HEX_DECODE, FTA.AHx):
                 data = ASCIIHexDecode.decode(data)  # type: ignore
+            elif filter_type in (FT.RUN_LENGTH_DECODE, FTA.RL):
+                data = RunLengthDecode.decode(data)
             elif filter_type in (FT.LZW_DECODE, FTA.LZW):
                 data = LZWDecode.decode(data, params)  # type: ignore
             elif filter_type in (FT.ASCII_85_DECODE, FTA.A85):
diff --git a/tests/test_filters.py b/tests/test_filters.py
index 9f52e5d7a..f1dc38baf 100644
--- a/tests/test_filters.py
+++ b/tests/test_filters.py
@@ -555,6 +555,34 @@ def test_gray_devicen_cmyk():
     assert d < 0.001
 
 
+@pytest.mark.enable_socket()
+def test_runlengthdecode():
+    """From #1954, test with 2bits image. TODO: 4bits also"""
+    url = "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/files/12159941/out.pdf"
+    name = "RunLengthDecode.pdf"
+    reader = PdfReader(BytesIO(get_pdf_from_url(url, name=name)))
+    url_png = "https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4083478/255940800-6d63972e-a3d6-4cf9-aa6f-0793af24cded.png"
+    name_png = "RunLengthDecode.png"
+    refimg = Image.open(
+        BytesIO(get_pdf_from_url(url_png, name=name_png))
+    )  # not a pdf but it works
+    data = reader.pages[0].images[0]
+    diff = ImageChops.difference(data.image, refimg)
+    d = sqrt(sum([(a * a) for a in diff.getdata()])) / (diff.size[0] * diff.size[1])
+    assert d < 0.001
+    url = "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/files/12162905/out.pdf"
+    name = "FailedRLE1.pdf"
+    reader = PdfReader(BytesIO(get_pdf_from_url(url, name=name)))
+    with pytest.raises(PdfStreamError) as exc:
+        reader.pages[0].images[0]
+    assert exc.value.args[0] == "Unexpected EOD in RunLengthDecode"
+    url = "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/files/12162926/out.pdf"
+    name = "FailedRLE2.pdf"
+    with pytest.raises(PdfStreamError) as exc:
+        reader.pages[0].images[0]
+    assert exc.value.args[0] == "Unexpected EOD in RunLengthDecode"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.enable_socket()
 def test_gray_separation_cmyk():
     """