diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index e22db94b..a6e1d7d5 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ repos:
         files: ^(.*\.toml)$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.1.11
+    rev: v0.1.14
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [ --exit-non-zero-on-fix, --fix ]
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
     hooks:
       - id: black
-    rev: 23.12.1
+    rev: 24.1.1
 
   - repo: https://github.com/LilSpazJoekp/docstrfmt
     hooks:
diff --git a/asyncpraw/config.py b/asyncpraw/config.py
index 13a6f6f2..23745999 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/config.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provides the code to load Async PRAW's configuration file ``praw.ini``."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import configparser
diff --git a/asyncpraw/const.py b/asyncpraw/const.py
index fbc4363a..44726c2f 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/const.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/const.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Async PRAW constants."""
+
 from .endpoints import API_PATH  # noqa: F401
 
 __version__ = "7.7.2.dev0"
diff --git a/asyncpraw/endpoints.py b/asyncpraw/endpoints.py
index 1c4f12df..d72fddc5 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/endpoints.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/endpoints.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """List of API endpoints PRAW knows about."""
+
 # fmt: off
 API_PATH = {
     "about_edited":            "r/{subreddit}/about/edited/",
diff --git a/asyncpraw/exceptions.py b/asyncpraw/exceptions.py
index 02131d0e..bb0290c5 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/exceptions.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/exceptions.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 All other exceptions are subclassed from :class:`.ClientException`.
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
@@ -240,12 +241,14 @@ def parse_exception_list(
     ) -> list[RedditErrorItem]:
         """Covert an exception list into a :class:`.RedditErrorItem` list."""
         return [
-            exception
-            if isinstance(exception, RedditErrorItem)
-            else RedditErrorItem(
-                error_type=exception[0],
-                field=exception[2] if bool(exception[2]) else "",
-                message=exception[1] if bool(exception[1]) else "",
+            (
+                exception
+                if isinstance(exception, RedditErrorItem)
+                else RedditErrorItem(
+                    error_type=exception[0],
+                    field=exception[2] if bool(exception[2]) else "",
+                    message=exception[1] if bool(exception[1]) else "",
+                )
             )
             for exception in exceptions
         ]
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/__init__.py b/asyncpraw/models/__init__.py
index 7d6716db..13520bbf 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/__init__.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Async PRAW models."""
+
 from .auth import Auth
 from .front import Front
 from .helpers import DraftHelper, LiveHelper, MultiredditHelper, SubredditHelper
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/auth.py b/asyncpraw/models/auth.py
index a9404f21..f939eae0 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/auth.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Auth class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from asyncprawcore import (
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/base.py b/asyncpraw/models/base.py
index a7bf84ac..0502d451 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/base.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the AsyncPRAWBase superclass."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from copy import deepcopy
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/comment_forest.py b/asyncpraw/models/comment_forest.py
index d8827b2c..2471b36d 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/comment_forest.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/comment_forest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide CommentForest for submission comments."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/front.py b/asyncpraw/models/front.py
index 3284cec0..6bed1029 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/front.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/front.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Front class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/helpers.py b/asyncpraw/models/helpers.py
index d082af85..1d063ce0 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/helpers.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the helper classes."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from json import dumps
@@ -89,10 +90,9 @@ async def create(
         selftext: str | None = None,
         send_replies: bool = True,
         spoiler: bool = False,
-        subreddit: str
-        | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit
-        | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit
-        | None = None,
+        subreddit: (
+            str | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit | None
+        ) = None,
         title: str | None = None,
         url: str | None = None,
         **draft_kwargs: Any,
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/inbox.py b/asyncpraw/models/inbox.py
index c53639df..1ab9e47b 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/inbox.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/inbox.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Front class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/list/base.py b/asyncpraw/models/list/base.py
index 454a1cf5..14626f8f 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/list/base.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/list/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the BaseList class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Iterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/list/draft.py b/asyncpraw/models/list/draft.py
index b54ee211..1bdc6bad 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/list/draft.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/list/draft.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the DraftList class."""
+
 from .base import BaseList
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/list/moderated.py b/asyncpraw/models/list/moderated.py
index d4c2884d..d33960f4 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/list/moderated.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/list/moderated.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ModeratedList class."""
+
 from .base import BaseList
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/list/redditor.py b/asyncpraw/models/list/redditor.py
index 457eaade..a94e9b00 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/list/redditor.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/list/redditor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the RedditorList class."""
+
 from .base import BaseList
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/list/trophy.py b/asyncpraw/models/list/trophy.py
index cd0ee236..ff6a734c 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/list/trophy.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/list/trophy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the TrophyList class."""
+
 from .base import BaseList
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/domain.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/domain.py
index 5d2a2164..dfbe5a22 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/domain.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/domain.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the DomainListing class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/generator.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/generator.py
index 9cfb81d8..b52a6783 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/generator.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/generator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ListingGenerator class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from copy import deepcopy
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/listing.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/listing.py
index 3e2e51dc..6e374292 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/listing.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/listing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Listing class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/__init__.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/__init__.py
index e04676b6..06fb5b38 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/__init__.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Package providing models that pertain to listing mixins."""
+
 from .base import BaseListingMixin
 from .redditor import RedditorListingMixin
 from .rising import RisingListingMixin
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/base.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/base.py
index da1cff94..3eb21d66 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/base.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the BaseListingMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/gilded.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/gilded.py
index 7155e159..11db2ac8 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/gilded.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/gilded.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the GildedListingMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/redditor.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/redditor.py
index dc576f28..3a1615c1 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/redditor.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/redditor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the RedditorListingMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/rising.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/rising.py
index 033d7b1f..1f074e08 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/rising.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/rising.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the RisingListingMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/submission.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/submission.py
index 12c34924..4e6dbd25 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/submission.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/submission.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the SubmissionListingMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/subreddit.py b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/subreddit.py
index 98123c0f..bedb162a 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/subreddit.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/listing/mixins/subreddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the SubredditListingMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/mod_action.py b/asyncpraw/models/mod_action.py
index 32184dc3..c566766f 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/mod_action.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/mod_action.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ModAction class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/mod_note.py b/asyncpraw/models/mod_note.py
index 4cd833b3..600106c2 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/mod_note.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/mod_note.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ModNote class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from ..endpoints import API_PATH
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/mod_notes.py b/asyncpraw/models/mod_notes.py
index 705f9ee7..8e188f2c 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/mod_notes.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/mod_notes.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provides classes for interacting with moderator notes."""
+
 from itertools import islice
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncGenerator, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/preferences.py b/asyncpraw/models/preferences.py
index e8018e0e..bd626729 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/preferences.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/preferences.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Preferences class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from json import dumps
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/base.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/base.py
index ee0c4eed..6eed4e1d 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/base.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the RedditBase class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/collections.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/collections.py
index 6b071e81..4dca349d 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/collections.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/collections.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide Collections functionality."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/comment.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/comment.py
index 8d27149e..a33f3573 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/comment.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/comment.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Comment class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/draft.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/draft.py
index 558c9773..3becb7c8 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/draft.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/draft.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the draft class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
@@ -55,9 +56,9 @@ async def _prepare_data(
         selftext: str | None = None,
         send_replies: bool | None = None,
         spoiler: bool | None = None,
-        subreddit: asyncpraw.models.Subreddit
-        | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit
-        | None = None,
+        subreddit: (
+            asyncpraw.models.Subreddit | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit | None
+        ) = None,
         title: str | None = None,
         url: str | None = None,
         **draft_kwargs: Any,
@@ -80,9 +81,11 @@ async def _prepare_data(
             data.update(
                 {
                     "subreddit": subreddit.fullname,
-                    "target": "profile"
-                    if subreddit.display_name.startswith("u_")
-                    else "subreddit",
+                    "target": (
+                        "profile"
+                        if subreddit.display_name.startswith("u_")
+                        else "subreddit"
+                    ),
                 }
             )
         data.update(draft_kwargs)
@@ -151,10 +154,9 @@ async def submit(
         nsfw: bool | None = None,
         selftext: str | None = None,
         spoiler: bool | None = None,
-        subreddit: str
-        | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit
-        | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit
-        | None = None,
+        subreddit: (
+            str | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit | None
+        ) = None,
         title: str | None = None,
         url: str | None = None,
         **submit_kwargs: Any,
@@ -245,10 +247,9 @@ async def update(
         selftext: str | None = None,
         send_replies: bool | None = None,
         spoiler: bool | None = None,
-        subreddit: str
-        | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit
-        | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit
-        | None = None,
+        subreddit: (
+            str | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit | asyncpraw.models.UserSubreddit | None
+        ) = None,
         title: str | None = None,
         url: str | None = None,
         **draft_kwargs: Any,
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/emoji.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/emoji.py
index d7bf4af7..97e09713 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/emoji.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/emoji.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Emoji class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/inline_media.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/inline_media.py
index 0b3f90b7..ec55a1a6 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/inline_media.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/inline_media.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide classes related to inline media."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from ..util import _deprecate_args
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/live.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/live.py
index c07fe2ed..af44e2b5 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/live.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/live.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the LiveThread class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterator, Iterable
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/message.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/message.py
index c0ccff7f..aa4ec4ff 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/message.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/message.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Message class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/__init__.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/__init__.py
index 71c9445b..1ce2ad3a 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/__init__.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Package providing reddit class mixins."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from json import dumps
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/editable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/editable.py
index ce5894d0..a9a5a213 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/editable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/editable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the EditableMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/gildable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/gildable.py
index d2318241..5f54df66 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/gildable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/gildable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the GildableMixin class."""
+
 from warnings import warn
 
 from ....const import API_PATH
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxable.py
index 2e08f8f1..5952ad37 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the InboxableMixin class."""
+
 from ....const import API_PATH
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxtoggleable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxtoggleable.py
index 10445f4d..6c5345c7 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxtoggleable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/inboxtoggleable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the InboxToggleableMixin class."""
+
 from ....const import API_PATH
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/messageable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/messageable.py
index abca1ba4..d3b98329 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/messageable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/messageable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the MessageableMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/modnote.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/modnote.py
index 13e1432c..eb6604f7 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/modnote.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/modnote.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ModNoteMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncGenerator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/replyable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/replyable.py
index 3e0cd0fa..b614c9e3 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/replyable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/replyable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ReplyableMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/reportable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/reportable.py
index d3c3c5e7..732d5d0e 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/reportable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/reportable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the ReportableMixin class."""
+
 from ....const import API_PATH
 
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/savable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/savable.py
index 59194e14..1e9c78f9 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/savable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/savable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the SavableMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from ....const import API_PATH
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/votable.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/votable.py
index c49a5755..9f97eb02 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/votable.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/mixins/votable.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the VotableMixin class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from ....const import API_PATH
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/modmail.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/modmail.py
index 4f4f5071..7004708a 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/modmail.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/modmail.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide models for new modmail."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/more.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/more.py
index 05cf3b17..1a55391a 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/more.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/more.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the MoreComments class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/multi.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/multi.py
index 584c8f36..ff025e1b 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/multi.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/multi.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Multireddit class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
@@ -215,8 +216,9 @@ async def remove(self, subreddit: asyncpraw.models.Subreddit):
 
     async def update(
         self,
-        **updated_settings: str
-        | list[str | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit | dict[str, str]],
+        **updated_settings: (
+            str | list[str | asyncpraw.models.Subreddit | dict[str, str]]
+        ),
     ):
         """Update this multireddit.
 
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/poll.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/poll.py
index a13d488e..2e956949 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/poll.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/poll.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide poll-related classes."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/redditor.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/redditor.py
index 3f403dbd..dca29dd6 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/redditor.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/redditor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Redditor class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from json import dumps
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/removal_reasons.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/removal_reasons.py
index b12a4f1f..984398f3 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/removal_reasons.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/removal_reasons.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Removal Reason class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/rules.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/rules.py
index a2afa8f4..1c892e19 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/rules.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/rules.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Rule class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterator
@@ -423,9 +424,9 @@ async def add(
             "description": description,
             "kind": kind,
             "short_name": short_name,
-            "violation_reason": short_name
-            if violation_reason is None
-            else violation_reason,
+            "violation_reason": (
+                short_name if violation_reason is None else violation_reason
+            ),
         }
         response = await self.subreddit_rules._reddit.post(
             API_PATH["add_subreddit_rule"], data=data
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/submission.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/submission.py
index 90e410c8..999c6f3f 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/submission.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/submission.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Submission class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/subreddit.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/subreddit.py
index 9f9ff17f..db86c608 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/subreddit.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/subreddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Subreddit class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
@@ -2317,9 +2318,7 @@ async def get_page(self, page_name: str, fetch: bool = True, **_: Any) -> WikiPa
             await wikipage._fetch()
         return wikipage
 
-    def revisions(
-        self, **generator_kwargs: Any
-    ) -> AsyncGenerator[
+    def revisions(self, **generator_kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[
         dict[str, asyncpraw.models.Redditor | WikiPage | str | int | bool | None],
         None,
     ]:
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/user_subreddit.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/user_subreddit.py
index ddc7c951..aca56b4f 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/user_subreddit.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/user_subreddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the :class:`.UserSubreddit` class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/widgets.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/widgets.py
index 12a2e205..c9111107 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/widgets.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/widgets.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide classes related to widgets."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from json import JSONEncoder, dumps
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/wikipage.py b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/wikipage.py
index 2b9389cf..e991e8ac 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/reddit/wikipage.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/reddit/wikipage.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the WikiPage class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import (
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/redditors.py b/asyncpraw/models/redditors.py
index 87b72e58..499a652f 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/redditors.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/redditors.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Redditors class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from itertools import islice
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/subreddits.py b/asyncpraw/models/subreddits.py
index f10fcf9d..cbaa423d 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/subreddits.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/subreddits.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Subreddits class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/trophy.py b/asyncpraw/models/trophy.py
index dbc9926c..c6a88ea0 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/trophy.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/trophy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Represent the :class:`.Trophy` class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/user.py b/asyncpraw/models/user.py
index 72aa82e7..6e8f239d 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/user.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/user.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provides the User class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterator
diff --git a/asyncpraw/models/util.py b/asyncpraw/models/util.py
index e5161860..5d4f1c87 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/models/util.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/models/util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide helper classes used by other models."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
diff --git a/asyncpraw/objector.py b/asyncpraw/objector.py
index 9eafeb62..c2ca5056 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/objector.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/objector.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provides the Objector class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from datetime import datetime
@@ -181,9 +182,11 @@ def _objectify_dict(  # noqa: PLR0912,PLR0915
             subreddit_parser = self.parsers[self._reddit.config.kinds["subreddit"]]
             user_subreddit_parser = self.parsers["UserSubreddit"]
             subreddits = {
-                subreddit["name"]: user_subreddit_parser.parse(subreddit, self._reddit)
-                if subreddit["display_name_prefixed"].startswith("u/")
-                else subreddit_parser.parse(subreddit, self._reddit)
+                subreddit["name"]: (
+                    user_subreddit_parser.parse(subreddit, self._reddit)
+                    if subreddit["display_name_prefixed"].startswith("u/")
+                    else subreddit_parser.parse(subreddit, self._reddit)
+                )
                 for subreddit in data.pop("subreddits")
             }
             for draft in data["drafts"]:
diff --git a/asyncpraw/reddit.py b/asyncpraw/reddit.py
index b91df0db..225a72e5 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/reddit.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/reddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Provide the Reddit class."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
diff --git a/asyncpraw/util/cache.py b/asyncpraw/util/cache.py
index acd77761..8a49f865 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/util/cache.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/util/cache.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Caching utilities."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, Callable
diff --git a/asyncpraw/util/deprecate_args.py b/asyncpraw/util/deprecate_args.py
index f11cf436..83736ecb 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/util/deprecate_args.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/util/deprecate_args.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Positional argument deprecation decorator."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
diff --git a/asyncpraw/util/snake.py b/asyncpraw/util/snake.py
index 778a33e8..fa04accc 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/util/snake.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/util/snake.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Contains functions dealing with snake case conversions."""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
diff --git a/asyncpraw/util/token_manager.py b/asyncpraw/util/token_manager.py
index 4f61ab6b..59041e83 100644
--- a/asyncpraw/util/token_manager.py
+++ b/asyncpraw/util/token_manager.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     Tokens managers have been deprecated and will be removed in the near future.
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 6f2ab891..56c83da7 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Prepare pytest."""
+
 import asyncio
 import os
 from base64 import b64encode
diff --git a/tests/integration/__init__.py b/tests/integration/__init__.py
index 3128bd01..e3f1efe1 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/integration/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Async PRAW Integration test suite."""
+
 import asyncio
 import os
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/models/listing/test_generator.py b/tests/integration/models/listing/test_generator.py
index 767811c9..2a232404 100644
--- a/tests/integration/models/listing/test_generator.py
+++ b/tests/integration/models/listing/test_generator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.listing.generator."""
+
 from ... import IntegrationTest
 
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/models/reddit/test_subreddit.py b/tests/integration/models/reddit/test_subreddit.py
index c20d3b39..cc080b32 100644
--- a/tests/integration/models/reddit/test_subreddit.py
+++ b/tests/integration/models/reddit/test_subreddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.subreddit."""
+
 import socket
 from asyncio import TimeoutError
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/models/test_auth.py b/tests/integration/models/test_auth.py
index e1aaf369..0810a2b5 100644
--- a/tests/integration/models/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/integration/models/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.auth."""
+
 import pytest
 from asyncprawcore import InvalidToken
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/models/test_front.py b/tests/integration/models/test_front.py
index 641284b1..6c66df0b 100644
--- a/tests/integration/models/test_front.py
+++ b/tests/integration/models/test_front.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.front."""
+
 from .. import IntegrationTest
 
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_github_actions.py b/tests/integration/test_github_actions.py
index 2555c202..5909c0aa 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_github_actions.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_github_actions.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 GitHub Actions.
 
 """
+
 import os
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_objector.py b/tests/integration/test_objector.py
index 7427a417..8add35d3 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_objector.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_objector.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.objector."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw.exceptions import RedditAPIException
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_reddit.py b/tests/integration/test_reddit.py
index c3cbddda..7a419918 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_reddit.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_reddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.reddit."""
+
 from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/unit/__init__.py b/tests/unit/__init__.py
index cb3c757b..6488f37b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/unit/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Async PRAW Unit test suite."""
+
 from tests import HelperMethodMixin
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/conftest.py b/tests/unit/conftest.py
index bb7c9894..0975f922 100644
--- a/tests/unit/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit/conftest.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Prepare pytest for unit tests."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw import Reddit
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/list/test_base.py b/tests/unit/models/list/test_base.py
index de3d3ac1..77636851 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/list/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/list/test_base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.list.base."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw.models.list.base import BaseList
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/listing/test_generator.py b/tests/unit/models/listing/test_generator.py
index 755819cf..ca597fd0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/listing/test_generator.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/listing/test_generator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.listing.generator."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw.models.listing.generator import ListingGenerator
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/listing/test_listing.py b/tests/unit/models/listing/test_listing.py
index 34f72c29..b381554a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/listing/test_listing.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/listing/test_listing.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.listing.listing."""
+
 from asyncpraw.models.listing.listing import ModmailConversationsListing, ModNoteListing
 
 from ... import UnitTest
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/reddit/test_collections.py b/tests/unit/models/reddit/test_collections.py
index 8013469c..0d821771 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/reddit/test_collections.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/reddit/test_collections.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test classes from collections.py."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw.models import Collection
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_auth.py b/tests/unit/models/test_auth.py
index 79a75112..b1d15a52 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_auth.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.auth."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw import Reddit
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_front.py b/tests/unit/models/test_front.py
index 1be981c5..265361ef 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_front.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_front.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.front."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from .. import UnitTest
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_mod_note.py b/tests/unit/models/test_mod_note.py
index 35f7dddd..4d653e94 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_mod_note.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_mod_note.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.ModNote."""
+
 from asyncpraw.models.mod_note import ModNote
 
 from .. import UnitTest
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_preferences.py b/tests/unit/models/test_preferences.py
index 2a88df8c..752a38b8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_preferences.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_preferences.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.preferences."""
+
 from asyncpraw.models import Preferences
 
 from .. import UnitTest
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_subreddits.py b/tests/unit/models/test_subreddits.py
index 8493765b..1c9fcf60 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_subreddits.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_subreddits.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.subreddits."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from .. import UnitTest
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_trophy.py b/tests/unit/models/test_trophy.py
index 19a70ba6..13844479 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_trophy.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_trophy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.Trophy."""
+
 import pytest
 
 from asyncpraw.models.trophy import Trophy
diff --git a/tests/unit/models/test_util.py b/tests/unit/models/test_util.py
index 2d6ccfe4..379f2adc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/models/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit/models/test_util.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.models.util."""
+
 from collections import namedtuple
 
 from asyncpraw.models.util import (
diff --git a/tests/unit/util/test_deprecate_args.py b/tests/unit/util/test_deprecate_args.py
index b48d6d5d..4ce99dc1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/util/test_deprecate_args.py
+++ b/tests/unit/util/test_deprecate_args.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """This file should be updated as files/classes/functions are deprecated."""
+
 import inspect
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from enum import IntFlag, auto
diff --git a/tests/unit/util/test_token_manager.py b/tests/unit/util/test_token_manager.py
index 843838f4..5a8d473e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/util/test_token_manager.py
+++ b/tests/unit/util/test_token_manager.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Test asyncpraw.util.refresh_token_manager."""
+
 import sys
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile