diff --git a/docs/transform.rst b/docs/transform.rst index 11fdccd2..dd1ca963 100644 --- a/docs/transform.rst +++ b/docs/transform.rst @@ -11,10 +11,6 @@ Inventories for several battery technologies for mobile applications are provide in *premise*. See EXTRACT/Import of additional inventories/Li-ion batteries for additional information. -*premise* adjusts the mass of battery packs throughout the database -to reflect progress in specific energy density (kWh/kg cell). - - Run .. code-block:: python @@ -75,6 +71,9 @@ Sodium-ion, SiB 0.22 75% ====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== +*premise* adjusts the mass of battery packs throughout the database +to reflect progress in specific energy density (kWh/kg cell). + For example, in 2050, the mass of NMC811 batteries (cells and Balance of Plant) is expected to be 0.5/0.22 = 2.3 times lower for a same energy capacity. The report of changes shows the new mass of battery packs for each activity using them. @@ -108,6 +107,110 @@ market for battery capacity, Sodium-ion, SiB GLO 8.33 Changing the target values in the YAML file will change the scaling factors and the mass of battery packs per kWh in the database. +Finally, *premise* also create a technology-average dataset for mobile batteries +according to four scenarios provided in Degen_ et al, 2023.: + +============================================= =========== =================================================================== + Name Location Description +============================================= =========== =================================================================== +market for battery capacity (LFP scenario) GLO LFP dominates the market for mobile batteries. +market for battery capacity (NCx scenario) GLO NCA and NCM dominate the market for mobile batteries. +market for battery capacity (PLiB scenario) GLO Post-lithium batteries dominate the market for mobile batteries. +market for battery capacity (MIX scenario) GLO A mix of lithium and post-lithium batteries dominates the market. +============================================= =========== =================================================================== + +These datasets provide 1 kWh of battery capacity, and the technology +shares are adjusted over time with values found +under https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/battery/scenario.csv. + +.. _Degen: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.01.001 + + +Stationary batteries +"""""""""""""""""""" + +Inventories for several battery technologies for stationary applications are provided: + +* Lithium-ion batteries (NMC-111, NMC-622, NMC-811, LFP) +* Lead-acid batteries +* Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) + +As for batteries for mobile applications, *premise* adjusts the mass of battery packs +throughout the database to reflect progress in specific energy density (kWh/kg cell). +The current specific energy densities are given in the table below. + +====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== +Type Specific energy density (current) BoP mass share [%] Battery energy + [kWh/kg cell] density [kWh/kg + battery] +====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== +Li-ion, NMC111 0.15 73% 0.11 +Li-ion, NMC622 0.20 73% 0.15 +Li-ion, NMC811 0.22 71% 0.16 +Li-ion, LFP 0.14 73% 0.10 +Sodium-ion, SiB 0.16 75% 0.12 +Lead-acid 0.03 80% 0.02 +VRFB 0.02 75% 0.02 +====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== + +The future specific energy densities are given in the table below. + +====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== +Type Specific energy density (2050) BoP mass share [%] Battery energy + [kWh/kg cell] density [kWh/kg + battery] +====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== +Li-ion, NMC111 0.2 73% 0.15 +Li-ion, NMC811 0.5 71% 0.36 +Li-ion, NCA 0.35 71% 0.25 +Li-ion, LFP 0.25 73% 0.18 +Sodium-ion, SiB 0.22 75% 0.17 +Lead-acid 0.04 80% 0.03 +VRFB 0.04 75% 0.03 +====================== ==================================== ==================== ================== + +The target values used for scaling can be modified by the user. +The YAML file is located under premise/data/battery/energy_density.yaml. + +For each battery technology *premise* creates a market dataset that represents the +supply of 1 kWh of electricity stored in a battery of the given technology. + +The table below shows the market for battery capacity datasets created by *premise*. + +========================================================================== =========== ============================= =============================== + Name Location Kg per kWh in 2020 (kg/kWh) Kg per kWh in 2050 (kg/KWh) +========================================================================== =========== ============================= =============================== +market for battery capacity, Li-ion, LFP, stationary GLO 8.6 6.22 +market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC111, stationary GLO 7.61 6.85 +market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC523, stationary GLO 6.85 6.23 +market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC622, stationary GLO 5.71 5.27 +market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC811, stationary GLO 5.03 4.14 +market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC955, stationary GLO 4.14 3.71 +market for battery capacity, Sodium-Nickel-Chloride, Na-NiCl, stationary GLO 8.62 8.62 +market for battery capacity, Sodium-ion, SiB, stationary GLO 8.33 6.54 +market for battery capacity, lead acid, rechargeable, stationary GLO 33.33 28.60 +market for battery capacity, redox-flow, Vanadium, stationary GLO 51.55 25.00 +========================================================================== =========== ============================= =============================== + +Changing the target values in the YAML file will change the scaling factors +and the mass of battery packs per kWh in the database. + +Finally, *premise* also create a technology-average dataset for stationary batteries +according to three scenarios provided in Schlichenmaier_ & Naegler, 2022: + +======================================================== =========== ============================================================================= + Name Location Description +======================================================== =========== ============================================================================= +market for battery capacity, stationary (CONT scenario) GLO LFP and NMC dominate the market for stationary batteries. +market for battery capacity, stationary (TC scenario) GLO Vanadium Redox Flow batteries dominate the market for stationary batteries. +======================================================== =========== ============================================================================= + +.. _Schlichenmaier: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.025 + + +`market for battery capacity, stationary (CONT scenario)` supplies any storage +capacity needed in high voltage electricity markets. + Biomass """"""" @@ -161,12 +264,9 @@ The following market is created for each IAM region: inside of which, the shares of "purpose grown" and "residual" biomass is represented by the following activities: -========================== ===================================== ======================================= =========================== - name in premise name in REMIND name in IMAGE name in LCI database -========================== ===================================== ======================================= =========================== - biomass - purpose grown SE|Electricity|Biomass|Energy Crops Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops market for wood chips - biomass - residual SE|Electricity|Biomass|Residues Primary Energy|Biomass|Residues supply of forest residue -========================== ===================================== ======================================= =========================== +* market for wood chips (for "purpose grown" biomass) +* market for wood chips (for "purpose grown" woody biomass) +* supply of forest residue (for "residual" biomass) The sum of those shares equal 1. The activity "supply of forest residue" includes the energy, embodied biogenic CO2, transport and associated emissions to chip the residual biomass diff --git a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-PV-perovskite.xlsx b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-PV-perovskite.xlsx index d27a841c..f95810c7 100644 Binary files a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-PV-perovskite.xlsx and b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-PV-perovskite.xlsx differ diff --git a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-LiS.xlsx b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-LiS.xlsx index 46497764..976077cb 100644 Binary files a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-LiS.xlsx and b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-LiS.xlsx differ diff --git a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-SIB.xlsx b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-SIB.xlsx index 28d24d62..5135ea46 100644 Binary files a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-SIB.xlsx and b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-SIB.xlsx differ diff --git a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-vanadium-redox-flow.xlsx b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-vanadium-redox-flow.xlsx new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aaade7be Binary files /dev/null and b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-vanadium-redox-flow.xlsx differ diff --git a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-vanadium.xlsx b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-vanadium.xlsx similarity index 100% rename from premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-vanadium.xlsx rename to premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-batteries-vanadium.xlsx diff --git a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-battery-capacity.xlsx b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-battery-capacity.xlsx index ad77ac2e..bc93fa78 100644 Binary files a/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-battery-capacity.xlsx and b/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-battery-capacity.xlsx differ diff --git a/premise/data/battery/energy_density.yaml b/premise/data/battery/energy_density.yaml index fa9f7e69..e083337e 100644 --- a/premise/data/battery/energy_density.yaml +++ b/premise/data/battery/energy_density.yaml @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ NMC111: - market for battery cell, Li-ion, NMC111 - market for battery, Li-ion, NMC111, rechargeable, prismatic - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC111 + - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC111, stationary target: # values from https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070379. 2020: @@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ NMC523: name: - market for battery, Li-ion, NMC523 - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC523 + - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC523, stationary target: # values from https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070379. 2020: @@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ NMC622: - market for battery cell, Li-ion, NMC622 - market for battery, Li-ion, NMC622, rechargeable, prismatic - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC622 + - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC622, stationary target: # values from https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070379. 2020: @@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ NMC811: - market for battery cell, Li-ion, NMC811 - market for battery, Li-ion, NMC811, rechargeable, prismatic - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC811 + - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC811, stationary target: # values from https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070379. 2020: @@ -82,6 +86,7 @@ NMC955: name: - market for battery, Li-ion, NMC955 - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC955 + - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, NMC955, stationary target: # values from https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070379. 2020: @@ -120,6 +125,7 @@ LFP: - market for battery cell, Li-ion, LFP - market for battery, Li-ion, LFP, rechargeable, prismatic - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, LFP + - market for battery capacity, Li-ion, LFP, stationary target: # values from https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070379. 2020: @@ -217,3 +223,37 @@ SiB: mean: 0.200 minimum: 0.160 maximum: 0.220 + +VRFB: + ecoinvent_aliases: + name: + - market for battery, redox-flow, Vanadium + - market for battery capacity, redox-flow, Vanadium, stationary + target: + # current value from https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.081 + 2020: + mean: 0.0194 + minimum: 0.010 + maximum: 0.030 + # future value doubles, from https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP07456E + 2050: + mean: 0.040 + minimum: 0.020 + maximum: 0.060 + +LEAD-ACID: + ecoinvent_aliases: + name: + - market for battery capacity, lead acid, rechargeable, stationary + - market for battery, lead acid, rechargeable, stationary + target: + # current value from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.072 + 2020: + mean: 0.030 + minimum: 0.027 + maximum: 0.032 + # future values from https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-022-00134-w + 2050: + mean: 0.035 + minimum: 0.030 + maximum: 0.040 diff --git a/premise/data/battery/stationary_scenarios.csv b/premise/data/battery/stationary_scenarios.csv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f7d7fff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/premise/data/battery/stationary_scenarios.csv @@ -0,0 +1,575 @@ +scenario,chemistry,year,value +cont,NMC111,2010,0.36 +cont,NMC111,2011,0.36 +cont,NMC111,2012,0.36 +cont,NMC111,2013,0.36 +cont,NMC111,2014,0.36 +cont,NMC111,2015,0.36 +cont,NMC111,2016,0.336 +cont,NMC111,2017,0.312 +cont,NMC111,2018,0.288 +cont,NMC111,2019,0.264 +cont,NMC111,2020,0.24 +cont,NMC111,2021,0.205 +cont,NMC111,2022,0.17 +cont,NMC111,2023,0.135 +cont,NMC111,2024,0.0999999999999999 +cont,NMC111,2025,0.0649999999999999 +cont,NMC111,2026,0.0519999999999998 +cont,NMC111,2027,0.0389999999999999 +cont,NMC111,2028,0.0259999999999999 +cont,NMC111,2029,0.0129999999999999 +cont,NMC111,2030,0 +cont,NMC111,2031,0 +cont,NMC111,2032,0 +cont,NMC111,2033,0 +cont,NMC111,2034,0 +cont,NMC111,2035,0 +cont,NMC111,2036,0 +cont,NMC111,2037,0 +cont,NMC111,2038,0 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PV Residential: gcam: Secondary Energy|Electricity|rooftop_pv image: Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV|2 tiam-ucl: Secondary Energy|Electricity|Concentrated Solar PV decentralised -Storage, Flow Battery: +Storage, Battery: ecoinvent_aliases: fltr: - - electricity supply, high voltage, from vanadium-redox flow battery system + - market for battery capacity, stationary (CONT scenario) iam_aliases: image: Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage message: Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage diff --git a/premise/new_database.py b/premise/new_database.py index b633eeb9..77882e70 100644 --- a/premise/new_database.py +++ b/premise/new_database.py @@ -157,7 +157,6 @@ FILEPATH_BATTERIES_NMC622_LTO = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-batteries-NMC622-LTO.xlsx" FILEPATH_LIO2_BATTERY = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-batteries-LiO2.xlsx" FILEPATH_LIS_BATTERY = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-batteries-LiS.xlsx" -FILEPATH_BATTERY_CAPACITY = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-battery-capacity.xlsx" FILEPATH_PHOTOVOLTAICS = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-PV.xlsx" FILEPATH_BIGCC = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-BIGCC.xlsx" FILEPATH_NUCLEAR_EPR = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-nuclear_EPR.xlsx" @@ -166,8 +165,10 @@ FILEPATH_FUEL_CELL = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-fuel_cell.xlsx" FILEPATH_CSP = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-concentrating-solar-power.xlsx" FILEPATH_HOME_STORAGE_BATTERIES = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-home-batteries.xlsx" -FILEPATH_VANADIUM = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-vanadium.xlsx" -FILEPATH_VANADIUM_REDOX_BATTERY = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-vanadium-redox-flow-battery.xlsx" +FILEPATH_VANADIUM = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-batteries-vanadium.xlsx" +FILEPATH_VANADIUM_REDOX_BATTERY = ( + INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-batteries-vanadium-redox-flow.xlsx" +) FILEPATH_SIB_BATTERY = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-batteries-SIB.xlsx" FILEPATH_HYDROGEN_TURBINE = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-hydrogen-turbine.xlsx" FILEPATH_HYDROGEN_HEATING = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-hydrogen-heating.xlsx" @@ -182,6 +183,7 @@ FILEPATH_RAIL_FREIGHT = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-rail-freight.xlsx" FILEPATH_PV_GAAS = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-PV-GaAs.xlsx" FILEPATH_PV_PEROVSKITE = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-PV-perovskite.xlsx" +FILEPATH_BATTERY_CAPACITY = INVENTORY_DIR / "lci-battery-capacity.xlsx" config = load_constants() @@ -723,10 +725,12 @@ def __import_inventories(self) -> List[dict]: (FILEPATH_LIS_BATTERY, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_LIO2_BATTERY, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_VANADIUM, "3.9"), + (FILEPATH_VANADIUM_REDOX_BATTERY, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_SIB_BATTERY, "3.9"), - (FILEPATH_HOME_STORAGE_BATTERIES, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_BATTERY_CAPACITY, "3.10"), + (FILEPATH_HOME_STORAGE_BATTERIES, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_PHOTOVOLTAICS, "3.7"), + (FILEPATH_PGM, "3.8"), (FILEPATH_HYDROGEN_INVENTORIES, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_HYDROGEN_SOLAR_INVENTORIES, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_HYDROGEN_PYROLYSIS_INVENTORIES, "3.9"), @@ -771,12 +775,10 @@ def __import_inventories(self) -> List[dict]: (FILEPATH_WAVE, "3.8"), (FILEPATH_FUEL_CELL, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_CSP, "3.9"), - (FILEPATH_VANADIUM_REDOX_BATTERY, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_HYDROGEN_HEATING, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_METHANOL_HEATING, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_GERMANIUM, "3.9"), (FILEPATH_RHENIUM, "3.9"), - (FILEPATH_PGM, "3.8"), (FILEPATH_TWO_WHEELERS, "3.7"), (FILEPATH_TRUCKS, "3.7"), (FILEPATH_BUSES, "3.7"),