bug: plotting breaks when axis is passed to alt.X

[MarcoGorelli]

Checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.
• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of Polars.

Reproducible example

In [8]: df = pl.DataFrame({'a':[1,2,3], 'b':[4,5,6], 'c': [7,8,9]})

In [9]: df.plot.line(x=alt.X('a', axis=alt.Axis(labelAngle=-90))).to_json()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SchemaValidationError                     Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 1
----> 1 df.plot.line(x=alt.X('a', axis=alt.Axis(labelAngle=-90))).to_json()

File ~/scratch/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/altair/vegalite/v5/api.py:1899, in TopLevelMixin.to_json(self, validate, indent, sort_keys, format, ignore, context, **kwargs)
   1897 if context is None:
   1898     context = {}
-> 1899 spec = self.to_dict(
   1900     validate=validate, format=format, ignore=ignore, context=context
   1901 )
   1902 return json.dumps(spec, indent=indent, sort_keys=sort_keys, **kwargs)

File ~/scratch/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/altair/vegalite/v5/api.py:3778, in Chart.to_dict(self, validate, format, ignore, context)
   3776     copy.data = core.InlineData(values=[{}])
   3777     return super(Chart, copy).to_dict(**kwds)
-> 3778 return super().to_dict(**kwds)

File ~/scratch/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/altair/vegalite/v5/api.py:1813, in TopLevelMixin.to_dict(self, validate, format, ignore, context)
   1808 context["top_level"] = False
   1810 # TopLevelMixin instance does not necessarily have to_dict defined
   1811 # but due to how Altair is set up this should hold.
   1812 # Too complex to type hint right now
-> 1813 vegalite_spec: Any = super(TopLevelMixin, copy).to_dict(  # type: ignore[misc]
   1814     validate=validate, ignore=ignore, context=dict(context, pre_transform=False)
   1815 )
   1817 # TODO: following entries are added after validation. Should they be validated?
   1818 if is_top_level:
   1819     # since this is top-level we add $schema if it's missing

File ~/scratch/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/altair/utils/schemapi.py:1076, in SchemaBase.to_dict(self, validate, ignore, context)
   1069         self.validate(result)
   1070     except jsonschema.ValidationError as err:
   1071         # We do not raise `from err` as else the resulting
   1072         # traceback is very long as it contains part
   1073         # of the Vega-Lite schema. It would also first
   1074         # show the less helpful ValidationError instead of
   1075         # the more user friendly SchemaValidationError
-> 1076         raise SchemaValidationError(self, err) from None
   1077 return result

SchemaValidationError: `Tooltip` has no parameter named 'axis'

Existing parameter names are:
shorthand      bin         format       title
aggregate      condition   formatType   type
bandPosition   field       timeUnit

See the help for `Tooltip` to read the full description of these parameters

Log output

No response

Issue description

this raises

Expected behavior

it shouldn't raise

Installed versions

--------Version info---------
Polars:              1.7.1
Index type:          UInt32
Platform:            Linux-5.15.153.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Python:              3.12.5 (main, Aug 14 2024, 05:08:31) [Clang 18.1.8 ]

----Optional dependencies----
adbc_driver_manager  <not installed>
altair               5.4.1
cloudpickle          <not installed>
connectorx           <not installed>
deltalake            <not installed>
fastexcel            <not installed>
fsspec               <not installed>
gevent               <not installed>
great_tables         0.11.0
matplotlib           <not installed>
nest_asyncio         1.6.0
numpy                2.1.1
openpyxl             <not installed>
pandas               2.2.2
pyarrow              17.0.0
pydantic             <not installed>
pyiceberg            <not installed>
sqlalchemy           <not installed>
torch                <not installed>
xlsx2csv             <not installed>
xlsxwriter           <not installed>

[AdrienDart]

Thank you for creating the issue and looking into it. FYI, I also got similar issues with .line(..., color=alt.Color(...).scale(...)) where parameter "scale" gets the same error

[bzm3r]

I can confirm this issue: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79010541

Also, whatever broke happened recently, because just about two to three weeks ago, this code worked okay.

[MarcoGorelli]

yup, it regressed in #18625, may be fixed by #18836