build(deps): bump LanguageExt.Core from 5.0.0-beta-34 to 5.0.0-beta-44

[dependabot]

Bumps LanguageExt.Core from 5.0.0-beta-34 to 5.0.0-beta-44.

Release notes

Sourced from LanguageExt.Core's releases.

Iterator: a safe IEnumerator

Language-ext gained Iterable a few months back, which is a functional wrapper for IEnumerable. We now have Iterator, which is a more functional wrapper for IEnumerator.

IEnumerator is particularly problematic due to its mutable nature. It makes it impossible to share or leverage safely within other immutable types.

For any type where you could previously call GetEnumerator(), it is now possible to call GetIterator().

Iterator is pattern-matchable, so you can use the standard FP sequence processing technique:

public static A Sum<A>(this Iterator<A> self) where A : INumber<A> =>
    self switch
    {
        Iterator<A>.Nil                 => A.Zero,
        Iterator<A>.Cons(var x, var xs) => x + xs.Sum()
    };

Or, bog standard imperative processing:

for(var iter = Naturals.GetIterator(); !iter.IsEmpty; iter = iter.Tail)
{
    Console.WriteLine(iter.Head);
}

You need to be a little careful when processing large lists or infinite streams.. Iterator<A> uses Iterator<A>.Cons and Iterator<A>.Nil types to describe a linked-list of values. That linked-list requires an allocated object per item. That is not really a problem for most of us that want correctness over outright performance, it is a small overhead. But, the other side-effect of this is that if you hold a reference to the head item of a sequence and you're processing an infinite sequence, then those temporary objects won't be freed by the GC. Causing a space leak.

This will cause a space-leak:

var first = Naturals.GetIterator();
for(var iter = first; !iter.IsEmpty; iter = iter.Tail)
{
    Console.WriteLine(iter.Head);
}

first references the first Iterator<A>.Cons and every subsequent item via the Tail.

This (below) is OK because the iter reference keeps being overwritten, which means nothing is holding on the Head item in the sequence:

for(var iter = Naturals.GetIterator(); !iter.IsEmpty; iter = iter.Tail)
{
    Console.WriteLine(iter.Head);
}

This type is probably more useful for me when implementing the various core types of language-ext, but I can't be the only person who's struggled with IEnumerator and its horrendous design.

A good example of where I am personally already seeing the benefits is IO<A>.RetryUntil.

This is the original version:

</tr></table> 

... (truncated)

Commits

• 6661e92 v5.0.0-beta-44
• 27c555f Refactor Iterator with new abstractions and features
• 6dc7072 Add support for IO.Action and IO.Actions in IO monad
• a916fb9 Add ToString overrides to IO DSL types for better debugging
• 9dea6d9 Make Nil, ConsValue, and ConsFirst sealed and refactor RepeatUntil.
• a970e30 Refactor to use infiniteIterator in Program.cs
• e7a3fc0 Add equality, hashing, and formatting support for Iterator
• b2af44c Add new Iterator core type and refactor IO retry logic
• 08274bc Fix incorrect assertion comment in RepeatTests.cs
• 3ba1af7 Add unit tests for IO repeat behavior with various conditions
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

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[dependabot]

Superseded by #1702.