CT: Add tests to build/lint/tsc sims with only dependencies checked out

[zepumph]

From phetsims/perennial#347. We lint/tsc on release branches, and it would be best to be testing this when only dependencies are checked out. It would caught phetsims/phetcommon#63 eagerly, and also aligns with open source/POSE related goals.

[zepumph]

phetsims/perennial#347 (comment) is a bad first patch. Likely going fresh is best.

[zepumph]

While this would be helpful, it doesn't seem valuable enough to create so much space burden (perhaps 2 orders of magnitude more space with 100 copies of chipper/node_modules/dist checked out).

I'm going to close this issue as a wontfix, and we can pick things up in #203. That issue will at least catch this once the release branch is created.