diff --git a/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.md b/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.md
index 2097418e..380b7bef 100644
--- a/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.md
+++ b/openid-4-verifiable-presentations-1_0.md
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ A public key to be used by the Wallet as an input to the key agreement to encryp
 The following additional considerations are given for pre-existing Authorization Request parameters:
 
 `nonce`:
-: REQUIRED. Defined in [@!OpenID.Core]. It is used to securely bind the Verifiable Presentation(s) provided by the Wallet to the particular transaction. See (#preventing-replay) for details. 
+: REQUIRED. Defined in [@!OpenID.Core]. It is used to securely bind the Verifiable Presentation(s) provided by the Wallet to the particular transaction. See (#preventing-replay) for details. Values MUST only contain ASCII URL safe characters (uppercase and lowercase letters, decimal digits, hyphen, period, underscore, and tilde).
 
 `scope`:
 : OPTIONAL. Defined in [@!RFC6749]. The Wallet MAY allow Verifiers to request presentation of Verifiable Credentials by utilizing a pre-defined scope value. See (#request_scope) for more details.
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ When a VP Token is returned, the respective response MUST include the following
 `presentation_submission`:
 : REQUIRED. The `presentation_submission` element as defined in [@!DIF.PresentationExchange]. It contains mappings between the requested Verifiable Credentials and where to find them within the returned VP Token. This is expressed via elements in the `descriptor_map` array, known as Input Descriptor Mapping Objects. These objects contain a field called `path`, which, for this specification, MUST have the value `$` (top level root path) when only one Verifiable Presentation is contained in the VP Token, and MUST have the value `$[n]` (indexed path from root) when there are multiple Verifiable Presentations, where `n` is the index to select. The `path_nested` object inside an Input Descriptor Mapping Object is used to describe how to find a returned Credential within a Verifiable Presentation, and the value of the `path` field in it will ultimately depend on the credential format. Non-normative examples can be found further in this section. 
 
-Other parameters, such as `state` or `code` (from [@!RFC6749]), or `id_token` (from [@!OpenID.Core]), and `iss` (from [@RFC9207]) MAY be included in the response as defined in the respective specifications.
+Other parameters, such as `state` or `code` (from [@!RFC6749]), or `id_token` (from [@!OpenID.Core]), and `iss` (from [@RFC9207]) MAY be included in the response as defined in the respective specifications. `state` values MUST only contain ASCII URL safe characters (uppercase and lowercase letters, decimal digits, hyphen, period, underscore, and tilde).
 
 The `presentation_submission` element MUST be included as a separate response parameter alongside the VP token. Clients MUST ignore any `presentation_submission` element included inside a Verifiable Presentation.
 
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ The design is illustrated in the following sequence diagram:
 !---
 Figure: Reference Design for Response Mode `direct_post`
 
-(1) The Verifier selects a `nonce` value as fresh, cryptographically random number with sufficient entropy and associates it with the session.
+(1) The Verifier produces a `nonce` value by generating at least 16 fresh, cryptographically random bytes with sufficient entropy, associates it with the session and base64url encodes it.
 
 (2) The Verifier initiates a new transaction at its Response Endpoint.