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Logs SDK

Status: Stable, except where otherwise specified

Table of Contents

Users of OpenTelemetry need a way for instrumentation interactions with the OpenTelemetry API to actually produce telemetry. The OpenTelemetry Logging SDK (henceforth referred to as the SDK) is an implementation of the OpenTelemetry API that provides users with this functionally.

All language implementations of OpenTelemetry MUST provide an SDK.

LoggerProvider

A LoggerProvider MUST provide a way to allow a Resource to be specified. If a Resource is specified, it SHOULD be associated with all the LogRecords produced by any Logger from the LoggerProvider.

LoggerProvider Creation

The SDK SHOULD allow the creation of multiple independent LoggerProviderss.

Logger Creation

It SHOULD only be possible to create Logger instances through a LoggerProvider (see API).

The LoggerProvider MUST implement the Get a Logger API.

The input provided by the user MUST be used to create an InstrumentationScope instance which is stored on the created Logger.

In the case where an invalid name (null or empty string) is specified, a working Logger MUST be returned as a fallback rather than returning null or throwing an exception, its name SHOULD keep the original invalid value, and a message reporting that the specified value is invalid SHOULD be logged.

Status: Development - The LoggerProvider MUST compute the relevant LoggerConfig using the configured LoggerConfigurator, and create a Logger whose behavior conforms to that LoggerConfig.

Configuration

Configuration ( i.e. LogRecordProcessors and (Development) LoggerConfigurator) MUST be owned by the LoggerProvider. The configuration MAY be applied at the time of LoggerProvider creation if appropriate.

The LoggerProvider MAY provide methods to update the configuration. If configuration is updated (e.g., adding a LogRecordProcessor), the updated configuration MUST also apply to all already returned Loggers (i.e. it MUST NOT matter whether a Logger was obtained from the LoggerProvider before or after the configuration change). Note: Implementation-wise, this could mean that Logger instances have a reference to their LoggerProvider and access configuration only via this reference.

LoggerConfigurator

Status: Development

A LoggerConfigurator is a function which computes the LoggerConfig for a Logger.

The function MUST accept the following parameter:

The function MUST return the relevant LoggerConfig, or some signal indicating that the default LoggerConfig should be used. This signal MAY be nil, null, empty, or an instance of the default LoggerConfig depending on what is idiomatic in the language.

This function is called when a Logger is first created, and for each outstanding Logger when a LoggerProvider's LoggerConfigurator is updated (if updating is supported). Therefore, it is important that it returns quickly.

LoggerConfigurator is modeled as a function to maximize flexibility. However, implementations MAY provide shorthand or helper functions to accommodate common use cases:

  • Select one or more loggers by name, with exact match or pattern matching.
  • Disable one or more specific loggers.
  • Disable all loggers, and selectively enable one or more specific loggers.

Shutdown

This method provides a way for provider to do any cleanup required.

Shutdown MUST be called only once for each LoggerProvider instance. After the call to Shutdown, subsequent attempts to get a Logger are not allowed. SDKs SHOULD return a valid no-op Logger for these calls, if possible.

Shutdown SHOULD provide a way to let the caller know whether it succeeded, failed or timed out.

Shutdown SHOULD complete or abort within some timeout. Shutdown MAY be implemented as a blocking API or an asynchronous API which notifies the caller via a callback or an event. OpenTelemetry SDK authors MAY decide if they want to make the shutdown timeout configurable.

Shutdown MUST be implemented by invoking Shutdown on all registered LogRecordProcessors.

ForceFlush

This method provides a way for provider to notify the registered LogRecordProcessors to immediately export all ReadableLogRecords that have not yet been exported.

ForceFlush SHOULD provide a way to let the caller know whether it succeeded, failed or timed out. ForceFlush SHOULD return some ERROR status if there is an error condition; and if there is no error condition, it SHOULD return some NO ERROR status, language implementations MAY decide how to model ERROR and NO ERROR.

ForceFlush SHOULD complete or abort within some timeout. ForceFlush MAY be implemented as a blocking API or an asynchronous API which notifies the caller via a callback or an event. OpenTelemetry SDK authors MAY decide if they want to make the flush timeout configurable.

ForceFlush MUST invoke ForceFlush on all registered LogRecordProcessors.

Logger

Status: Development - Logger MUST behave according to the LoggerConfig computed during logger creation. If the LoggerProvider supports updating the LoggerConfigurator, then upon update the Logger MUST be updated to behave according to the new LoggerConfig.

LoggerConfig

Status: Development

A LoggerConfig defines various configurable aspects of a Logger's behavior. It consists of the following parameters:

  • disabled: A boolean indication of whether the logger is enabled.

    If not explicitly set, the disabled parameter SHOULD default to false ( i.e. Loggers are enabled by default).

    If a Logger is disabled, it MUST behave equivalently to No-op Logger.

    The value of disabled MUST be used to resolve whether a Logger is Enabled. If disabled is true, Enabled returns false. If disabled is false, Enabled returns true. It is not necessary for implementations to ensure that changes to disabled are immediately visible to callers of Enabled. I.e. atomic, volatile, synchronized, or equivalent memory semantics to avoid stale reads are discouraged to prioritize performance over immediate consistency.

Additional LogRecord interfaces

In this document we refer to ReadableLogRecord and ReadWriteLogRecord, defined as follows.

ReadableLogRecord

A function receiving this as an argument MUST be able to access all the information added to the LogRecord. It MUST also be able to access the Instrumentation Scope and Resource information (implicitly) associated with the LogRecord.

The trace context fields MUST be populated from the resolved Context (either the explicitly passed Context or the current Context) when emitted.

Counts for attributes due to collection limits MUST be available for exporters to report as described in the transformation to non-OTLP formats specification.

Note: Typically this will be implemented with a new interface or (immutable) value type. The SDK may also use a single type to represent both ReadableLogRecord and ReadWriteLogRecord.

ReadWriteLogRecord

ReadWriteLogRecord is a superset of ReadableLogRecord.

A function receiving this as an argument MUST additionally be able to modify the following information added to the LogRecord:

The SDK MAY provide an operation that makes a deep clone of a ReadWriteLogRecord. The operation can be used to implement the isolating processor or by asynchronous processors (e.g. Batching processor) to avoid race conditions on the log record that is not required to be concurrent safe.

LogRecord Limits

LogRecord attributes MUST adhere to the common rules of attribute limits.

If the SDK implements attribute limits it MUST provide a way to change these limits, via a configuration to the LoggerProvider, by allowing users to configure individual limits like in the Java example below.

The options MAY be bundled in a class, which then SHOULD be called LogRecordLimits.

public interface LogRecordLimits {
  public int getAttributeCountLimit();

  public int getAttributeValueLengthLimit();
}

Configurable parameters:

There SHOULD be a message printed in the SDK's log to indicate to the user that an attribute was discarded due to such a limit. To prevent excessive logging, the message MUST be printed at most once per LogRecord (i.e., not per discarded attribute).

LogRecordProcessor

LogRecordProcessor is an interface which allows hooks for LogRecord emitting.

Built-in processors are responsible for batching and conversion of LogRecords to exportable representation and passing batches to exporters.

LogRecordProcessors can be registered directly on SDK LoggerProvider and they are invoked in the same order as they were registered.

Each processor registered on LoggerProvider is part of a pipeline that consists of a processor and optional exporter. The SDK MUST allow each pipeline to end with an individual exporter.

The SDK MUST allow users to implement and configure custom processors and decorate built-in processors for advanced scenarios such as enriching with attributes.

The following diagram shows LogRecordProcessor's relationship to other components in the SDK:

  +-----+------------------------+   +------------------------------+   +-------------------------+
  |     |                        |   |                              |   |                         |
  |     |                        |   | Batching LogRecordProcessor  |   |    LogRecordExporter    |
  |     |                        +---> Simple LogRecordProcessor    +--->     (OtlpExporter)      |
  |     |                        |   |                              |   |                         |
  | SDK | Logger.emit(LogRecord) |   +------------------------------+   +-------------------------+
  |     |                        |
  |     |                        |
  |     |                        |
  |     |                        |
  |     |                        |
  +-----+------------------------+

LogRecordProcessor operations

OnEmit

OnEmit is called when a LogRecord is emitted. This method is called synchronously on the thread that emitted the LogRecord, therefore it SHOULD NOT block or throw exceptions.

Parameters:

  • logRecord - a ReadWriteLogRecord for the emitted LogRecord.
  • context - the resolved Context (the explicitly passed Context or the current Context)

Returns: Void

For a LogRecordProcessor registered directly on SDK LoggerProvider, the logRecord mutations MUST be visible in next registered processors.

A LogRecordProcessor may freely modify logRecord for the duration of the OnEmit call. If logRecord is needed after OnEmit returns (i.e. for asynchronous processing) only reads are permitted.

ShutDown

Shuts down the processor. Called when the SDK is shut down. This is an opportunity for the processor to do any cleanup required.

Shutdown SHOULD be called only once for each LogRecordProcessor instance. After the call to Shutdown, subsequent calls to OnEmit are not allowed. SDKs SHOULD ignore these calls gracefully, if possible.

Shutdown SHOULD provide a way to let the caller know whether it succeeded, failed or timed out.

Shutdown MUST include the effects of ForceFlush.

Shutdown SHOULD complete or abort within some timeout. Shutdown can be implemented as a blocking API or an asynchronous API which notifies the caller via a callback or an event. OpenTelemetry SDK authors can decide if they want to make the shutdown timeout configurable.

ForceFlush

This is a hint to ensure that any tasks associated with LogRecords for which the LogRecordProcessor had already received events prior to the call to ForceFlush SHOULD be completed as soon as possible, preferably before returning from this method.

In particular, if any LogRecordProcessor has any associated exporter, it SHOULD try to call the exporter's Export with all LogRecords for which this was not already done and then invoke ForceFlush on it. The built-in LogRecordProcessors MUST do so. If a timeout is specified (see below), the LogRecordProcessor MUST prioritize honoring the timeout over finishing all calls. It MAY skip or abort some or all Export or ForceFlush calls it has made to achieve this goal.

ForceFlush SHOULD provide a way to let the caller know whether it succeeded, failed or timed out.

ForceFlush SHOULD only be called in cases where it is absolutely necessary, such as when using some FaaS providers that may suspend the process after an invocation, but before the LogRecordProcessor exports the emitted LogRecords.

ForceFlush SHOULD complete or abort within some timeout. ForceFlush can be implemented as a blocking API or an asynchronous API which notifies the caller via a callback or an event. OpenTelemetry SDK authors can decide if they want to make the flush timeout configurable.

Built-in processors

The standard OpenTelemetry SDK MUST implement both simple and batch processors, as described below.

Status: Development - The standard OpenTelemetry SDK SHOULD implement an isolating processor, as described below.

Other common processing scenarios SHOULD be first considered for implementation out-of-process in OpenTelemetry Collector.

Simple processor

This is an implementation of LogRecordProcessor which passes finished logs and passes the export-friendly ReadableLogRecord representation to the configured LogRecordExporter, as soon as they are finished.

The processor MUST synchronize calls to LogRecordExporter's Export to make sure that they are not invoked concurrently.

Configurable parameters:

  • exporter - the exporter where the LogRecords are pushed.

Batching processor

This is an implementation of the LogRecordProcessor which create batches of LogRecords and passes the export-friendly ReadableLogRecord representations to the configured LogRecordExporter.

The processor MUST synchronize calls to LogRecordExporter's Export to make sure that they are not invoked concurrently.

Configurable parameters:

  • exporter - the exporter where the LogRecords are pushed.
  • maxQueueSize - the maximum queue size. After the size is reached logs are dropped. The default value is 2048.
  • scheduledDelayMillis - the delay interval in milliseconds between two consecutive exports. The default value is 1000.
  • exportTimeoutMillis - how long the export can run before it is cancelled. The default value is 30000.
  • maxExportBatchSize - the maximum batch size of every export. It must be smaller or equal to maxQueueSize. The default value is 512.

Isolating processor

Status: Development

This is an implementation of LogRecordProcessor ensuring the log record passed to OnEmit of the configured processor does not share mutable data with subsequent registered processors. For example, the OnEmit implementation of the isolating processor can be a decorator that makes a deep copy of the log record before passing it to the configured processor.

Configurable parameters:

  • processor - processor to be isolated.

LogRecordExporter

LogRecordExporter defines the interface that protocol-specific exporters must implement so that they can be plugged into OpenTelemetry SDK and support sending of telemetry data.

The goal of the interface is to minimize burden of implementation for protocol-dependent telemetry exporters. The protocol exporter is expected to be primarily a simple telemetry data encoder and transmitter.

Each implementation MUST document the concurrency characteristics the SDK requires of the exporter.

LogRecordExporter operations

A LogRecordExporter MUST support the following functions:

Export

Exports a batch of ReadableLogRecords. Protocol exporters that will implement this function are typically expected to serialize and transmit the data to the destination.

Export should not be called concurrently with other Export calls for the same exporter instance.

Depending on the implementation the result of the export may be returned to the Processor not in the return value of the call to Export but in a language specific way for signaling completion of an asynchronous task. This means that while an instance of an exporter should never have it Export called concurrently it does not mean that the task of exporting can not be done concurrently. How this is done is outside the scope of this specification.

Export MUST NOT block indefinitely, there MUST be a reasonable upper limit after which the call must time out with an error result (Failure).

Concurrent requests and retry logic is the responsibility of the exporter. The default SDK's LogRecordProcessors SHOULD NOT implement retry logic, as the required logic is likely to depend heavily on the specific protocol and backend the logs are being sent to. For example, the OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) specification defines logic for both sending concurrent requests and retrying requests.

Parameters:

  • batch - a batch of ReadableLogRecords. The exact data type of the batch is language specific, typically it is some kind of list, e.g. for logs in Java it will be typically Collection<LogRecordData>.

Returns: ExportResult

The return of Export is implementation specific. In what is idiomatic for the language the Exporter must send an ExportResult to the Processor. ExportResult has values of either Success or Failure:

  • Success - The batch has been successfully exported. For protocol exporters this typically means that the data is sent over the wire and delivered to the destination server.
  • Failure - exporting failed. The batch must be dropped. For example, this can happen when the batch contains bad data and cannot be serialized.

For example, in Java the return of Export would be a Future which when completed returns the ExportResult object. While in Erlang the exporter sends a message to the processor with the ExportResult for a particular batch.

ForceFlush

This is a hint to ensure that the export of any ReadableLogRecords the exporter has received prior to the call to ForceFlush SHOULD be completed as soon as possible, preferably before returning from this method.

ForceFlush SHOULD provide a way to let the caller know whether it succeeded, failed or timed out.

ForceFlush SHOULD only be called in cases where it is absolutely necessary, such as when using some FaaS providers that may suspend the process after an invocation, but before the exporter exports the ReadlableLogRecords.

ForceFlush SHOULD complete or abort within some timeout. ForceFlush can be implemented as a blocking API or an asynchronous API which notifies the caller via a callback or an event. OpenTelemetry SDK authors MAY decide if they want to make the flush timeout configurable.

Shutdown

Shuts down the exporter. Called when SDK is shut down. This is an opportunity for exporter to do any cleanup required.

Shutdown SHOULD be called only once for each LogRecordExporter instance. After the call to Shutdown subsequent calls to Export are not allowed and SHOULD return a Failure result.

Shutdown SHOULD NOT block indefinitely (e.g. if it attempts to flush the data and the destination is unavailable). OpenTelemetry SDK authors MAY decide if they want to make the shutdown timeout configurable.

Logs API

Note

We are currently in the process of defining a new Logs API.