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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/CNAME b/docs/CNAME new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ee5c10b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/CNAME @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +odra.dev diff --git a/docs/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf b/docs/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a39bc756 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/css/styles.9398f3f8.css b/docs/assets/css/styles.9398f3f8.css new file mode 100644 index 000000000..871ae5b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/css/styles.9398f3f8.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Ubuntu+Mono&display=swap);.col,.container{padding:0 var(--ifm-spacing-horizontal);width:100%}.markdown>h2,.markdown>h3,.markdown>h4,.markdown>h5,.markdown>h6{margin-bottom:calc(var(--ifm-heading-vertical-rhythm-bottom)*var(--ifm-leading))}body,ol ol,ol ul,ul ol,ul ul{margin:0}blockquote,pre{margin:0 0 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C3 AST
C3 AST
Solidity Parser
Solidity Parser
C3 linearization
C3 linearization
Parser
Parser
Solidity
code
Solidity...
Generates
target
specific code
Generates...
Builds
Builds
Target Platform
Target Platform
WASM
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C3 AST
C3 AST
Solidity Parser
Solidity Parser
C3 linearization
C3 linearization
ODRA PARSER
ODRA PARSER
Solidity
code
Solidity...
Generates
Odra module
Generates...
Builds
Builds
ODRA
ODRA
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Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining a constructor,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Var>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4")," - Firstly, we need to create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]")," attribute to it. 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Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L6")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::revert()")," function with an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized")," argument. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L26")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - Finally, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::emit_event()")," passing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));\n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n });\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get_or_default() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n NotOwner = 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7,L31")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also, we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum by adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::caller()")," function. Then we update the state and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L21,L33")," - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," function returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"owner")," is of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option
")," the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," would return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option>"),", we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get_or_default()")," instead.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};\n\n fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {\n let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {\n owner: env.get_account(0)\n };\n (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n \n env.set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n\n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n assert_eq!(\n ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), \n Err(Error::NotOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()"),", which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7-L11")," - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),". Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute implements a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableInitArgs")," that we pass as the second argument of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-17")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-25")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". To get the env, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env()")," on the contract, then call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::emitted_event"),". As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::try_change_ownership()")," instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::change_ownership()"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"try")," functions return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraResult")," (an alias for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Result"),") instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::NotOwner")," error. To compare the error, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::into()")," function, which converts the error into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," type.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/01086ac7.7e27c5ae.js b/docs/assets/js/01086ac7.7e27c5ae.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b69cec47c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/01086ac7.7e27c5ae.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[60516],{54816:a=>{a.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Building contracts manually","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/building-manually"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/01337889.3f9ca992.js b/docs/assets/js/01337889.3f9ca992.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b076051f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/01337889.3f9ca992.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[65969],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),d=o,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||p[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Var,\n created_at: Var,\n created_by: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()"),". It is an implementation of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/module/trait.Module.html#tymehtod.env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Module::env()")),", autogenerated\nby ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The function returns a reference to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/struct.ContractEnv.html"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," (you can read more in\nthe ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Backend section")),"). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we use two of them:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_block_time()")," - returns the current block time as u64. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller()")," - returns an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/01e5113f.00e09ea3.js b/docs/assets/js/01e5113f.00e09ea3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e31d44d32 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/01e5113f.00e09ea3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[83052],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where\nthe contract is defined."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nname = "counter"\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/02192c58.fcf39d71.js b/docs/assets/js/02192c58.fcf39d71.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75a3cad46 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/02192c58.fcf39d71.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[64836],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=a,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"Test env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Deployer",id:"deployer",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{Variable, List};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::DogContract3Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(module)]")," macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the\nVM:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test env"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::TestingContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_env() {\n let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert!(creator != creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::test_env::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/028141a3.0f670700.js b/docs/assets/js/028141a3.0f670700.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38dc9c545 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/028141a3.0f670700.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[18283],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[r]=e[r]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(a[r]=e[r])}return a}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(r),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return r?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},i="Directory structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},c=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:".builder_* folders",id:"builder_-folders",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 .builder_casper/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/mock-vm")," - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/casper")," - backend implementation of Casper blockchain\nMore backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"builder_-folders"},".builder_* folders"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary\nfor building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify\nfiles in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".")," at the beginning of the\nfolder name)."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/02a3f783.1a12f8e6.js b/docs/assets/js/02a3f783.1a12f8e6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08280cae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/02a3f783.1a12f8e6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99410],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(t),m=o,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow minting tokens but only the module owner."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::types::{Address, Balance}\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L11")," - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-L16")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L52")," - The same we do with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L61")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/030cb818.91616ce2.js b/docs/assets/js/030cb818.91616ce2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6085a0721 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/030cb818.91616ce2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[86683],{3905:(e,n,r)=>{r.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=r(67294);function o(e,n,r){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=r,e}function a(e,n){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(t=t.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,t)}return r}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var i=t.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=t.useContext(i),r=n;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),r},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return t.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},n)}},p=t.forwardRef((function(e,n){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||a;return r?t.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:r})):t.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var r=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{r.r(n),r.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var t=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:4},l="Access Control",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/access-control",id:"version-0.9.0/tutorials/access-control",title:"Access Control",description:"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/tutorials/access-control.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/access-control",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/access-control",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token"},next:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable"}},i={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Project Structure",id:"project-structure",level:3},{value:"Events and Errors",id:"events-and-errors",level:3},{value:"Module",id:"module",level:3}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,r,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"access-control"},"Access Control"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Ownable"))," module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"project-structure"},"Project Structure"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-plaintext"},"access-control\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access_control.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 events.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 errors.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5-L17")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-L24")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n MissingRole = 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::events::*;\nuse super::errors::Error;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Mapping};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,\n role_admin: Mapping\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &self.env().caller() {\n self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L13")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"roles")," - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"role_admin")," - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L20")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L54")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L56-L64")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L66-L86")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. If the role is already granted, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role)."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_role_admin()")," entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31-L46")," - This is a combination of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_*_role()"),". Entry points fail on unauthorized access.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/031cd168.a427750a.js b/docs/assets/js/031cd168.a427750a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4011a278 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/031cd168.a427750a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[74861],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>m,kt:()=>d});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},m=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,m=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),d=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||p[d]||o;return n?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},m),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:t},m))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Building contracts manually",l={unversionedId:"advanced/building-manually",id:"version-0.8.1/advanced/building-manually",title:"Building contracts manually",description:"cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/advanced/06-building-manually.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/building-manually",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Building the contract manually",id:"building-the-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"Optimizing the contract",id:"optimizing-the-contract",level:2},{value:"Running the tests manually",id:"running-the-tests-manually",level:2},{value:"Wrapping up",id:"wrapping-up",level:2}],m={toc:s};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},m,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"building-contracts-manually"},"Building contracts manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes\na better control over the parameters that are passed to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),"\nor the compiler is needed. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need\nto switch between them during the building and testing."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Knowing that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a simple wrapper around ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),", it is easy to replicate\nthe same behavior by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo")," directly."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-the-contract-manually"},"Building the contract manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To build the contract manually, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra uses the environment variable ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_MODULE")," to determine which contract to build.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Assuming that project's crate is named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),", this command will build\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," contract in release mode and generate the wasm file.\nThe file will be put into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release")," directory under\nthe name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project_build_contract.wasm"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory, and\nto be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"optimizing-the-contract"},"Optimizing the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To lower the size of the wasm file, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-strip")," tool:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To further optimize the wasm file, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-opt")," tool is also used."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not\nfully compatible with the Casper execution engine.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"running-the-tests-manually"},"Running the tests manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use.\nTo run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"wrapping-up"},"Wrapping up"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's say we want to build the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," in debug mode, run the tests against the\ncasper backend and use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-own-allocator")," feature from our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," project."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To do that, we can use the following set of commands:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\nmv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\nODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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They are commonly used for digital art, collectibles, in-game items, and other unique assets. In this tutorial, we will create a simple ticketing system based on NFT tokens.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/nft.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/nft",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/nft",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/pauseable"},next:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read"}},l={},c=[{value:"Ticket Office Contract",id:"ticket-office-contract",level:3},{value:"Setup the project",id:"setup-the-project",level:3},{value:"Contract implementation",id:"contract-implementation",level:3},{value:"Redesign",id:"redesign",level:3},{value:"Ticket Operator Contract",id:"ticket-operator-contract",level:4},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:3}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"ticketing-system"},"Ticketing System"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent ownership of unique items or pieces of content. They are commonly used for digital art, collectibles, in-game items, and other unique assets. In this tutorial, we will create a simple ticketing system based on NFT tokens."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our contract will adhere to the CEP-78 standard, which is the standard for NFTs on the Casper blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Learn more about the CEP-78 standard ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/cep-78-enhanced-nft/tree/dev/docs"},"here"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"ticket-office-contract"},"Ticket Office Contract"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Compliance with the CEP-78 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Ownership functionality."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Only the owner can issue new event tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Users can purchase tickets for events."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Tickets are limited to a one-time sale."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Public access to view the total income of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOffice"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"setup-the-project"},"Setup the project"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"contract-implementation"},"Contract implementation"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's start implementing the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TicketOffice")," contract by modify the code generated from the template. "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},'use odra::{\n args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert\n};\nuse odra_modules::access::Ownable;\nuse odra_modules::cep78::{\n modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode},\n token::Cep78,\n};\n\npub type TicketId = u64;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub enum TicketStatus {\n Available,\n Sold,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct TicketInfo {\n event_name: String,\n price: U512,\n status: TicketStatus,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OnTicketIssue {\n ticket_id: TicketId,\n event_name: String,\n price: U512,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OnTicketSell {\n ticket_id: TicketId,\n buyer: Address,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200,\n InsufficientFunds = 201,\n InvalidTicketId = 202,\n TicketDoesNotExist = 203,\n}\n\n#[odra::module(\n events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell],\n errors = Error\n)]\npub struct TicketOffice {\n token: SubModule,\n ownable: SubModule,\n tickets: Mapping,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TicketOffice {\n pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) {\n self.ownable.init();\n let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name);\n self.token.init(\n collection_name,\n collection_symbol,\n total_supply,\n OwnershipMode::Transferable,\n NFTKind::Digital,\n NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal,\n NFTMetadataKind::Raw,\n MetadataMutability::Immutable,\n receipt_name,\n // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None\n ...\n );\n }\n\n pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {\n let env = self.env();\n let caller = env.caller();\n self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);\n // mint a new token\n let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None);\n let ticket_id: u64 = token_id\n .parse()\n .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId)\n .unwrap_or_revert(&env);\n // store ticket info\n self.tickets.set(\n &ticket_id,\n TicketInfo {\n event_name: event_name.clone(),\n price,\n status: TicketStatus::Available,\n },\n );\n // emit an event\n env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue {\n ticket_id,\n event_name,\n price,\n });\n }\n\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {\n let env = self.env();\n let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();\n let buyer = env.caller();\n let value = env.attached_value();\n // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold\n if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner {\n env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);\n }\n let mut ticket = self\n .tickets\n .get(&ticket_id)\n .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist);\n // only available tickets can be sold\n if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available {\n env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);\n }\n // check if the buyer sends enough funds\n if value < ticket.price {\n env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds);\n }\n // transfer csprs to the owner\n env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);\n // transfer the ticket to the buyer\n self.token\n .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer);\n ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold;\n self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket);\n\n env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {\n self.env().self_balance()\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L44")," - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketStatus")," enum represents the status of a ticket, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketInfo")," struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketId")," is a type alias for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),". ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketIssue")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketSell")," are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-L49")," - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L51-L53")," - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOffice")," module definition. The module contains a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cep78")," token, an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module, and a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," that stores information about tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L74")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module initialization."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L76-L94")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"issue_ticket")," function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketIssue")," event."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L103")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"payable")," attribute indicates that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function can receive funds."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L104-L134")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketSell")," event.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Deploy the contract."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Issue two tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Buy tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Try to buy the same ticket again."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the balance of the contract.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/tests.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/tests.rs"'},'use odra::{\n casper_types::U512,\n host::{Deployer, HostRef},\n};\n\nuse crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {\n collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),\n collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),\n total_supply: 100,\n }; \n let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));\n contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));\n\n let buyer = env.get_account(1);\n env.set_caller(buyer);\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(50))\n .try_buy_ticket(0),\n Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())\n );\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(100))\n .try_buy_ticket(0),\n Ok(())\n );\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(50))\n .try_buy_ticket(1),\n Ok(())\n );\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(100))\n .try_buy_ticket(0),\n Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())\n );\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner")," because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs"',title:'"odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs"'},"pub fn transfer(\n &mut self,\n token_id: Maybe,\n token_hash: Maybe,\n source_key: Address,\n target_key: Address\n) -> TransferReceipt {\n ...\n\n if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator {\n self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner);\n }\n\n ...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's fix it by redesigning our little system."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"redesign"},"Redesign"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary \u2014 an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow:"),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"sequenceDiagram;\n autonumber\n actor Owner\n Owner->>+TicketOffice: Deploy\n Owner->>+Operator: Deploy\n actor Buyer\n Owner->>TicketOffice: call register_operator\n TicketOffice->>Operator: Register\n Operator->>TicketOffice: Register\n Owner->>TicketOffice: call issue_ticket\n TicketOffice->>Operator: Approve\n Buyer->>Operator: call buy_ticket\n Operator->>TicketOffice: call buy_ticket\n TicketOffice->>Buyer: Transfer ticket"}),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"ticket-operator-contract"},"Ticket Operator Contract"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator\n")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/ticket_operator.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/ticket_operator.rs"'},"use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef};\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n UnknownTicketOffice = 300,\n}\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error)]\npub struct TicketOperator {\n ticket_office_address: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TicketOperator {\n pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) {\n self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address);\n }\n\n // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds.\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {\n let env = self.env();\n let buyer = env.caller();\n let value = env.attached_value();\n let center = self\n .ticket_office_address\n .get()\n .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice);\n let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center);\n // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer\n ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value);\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {\n self.env().self_balance()\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L7")," - Define errors that will be used in the contract."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L13")," - Define the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOperator")," module that stores the address of the ticketing office."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-L18")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"register")," function sets the address of the ticketing office."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L20-L32")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOfficeContractRef")," to interact we the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOffice")," contract. Note that, the operator's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," now receives funds.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now we need to adjust the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TicketOffice")," contract to use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TicketOperator")," contract to buy tickets."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n\n... \n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n ...\n MissingOperator = 204,\n Unauthorized = 205,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct TicketOffice {\n ...\n operator: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TicketOffice {\n ... \n\n pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) {\n // only the owner can register an operator\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);\n // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract\n TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address());\n self.operator.set(operator);\n }\n\n pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {\n // minting logic remains the same...\n ...\n\n // approve the operator to transfer the ticket\n let operator = self.operator();\n self.token\n .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None);\n\n // emit an event\n ...\n }\n\n pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) {\n let env = self.env();\n let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();\n let caller = env.caller();\n // make sure the caller is the operator\n if !self.is_operator(caller) {\n env.revert(Error::Unauthorized);\n }\n\n ...\n // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer\n // it is now handled by the operator contract.\n // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool {\n Some(caller) == self.operator.get()\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn operator(&self) -> Address {\n self.operator\n .get()\n .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator)\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L15")," - the contract stores the operator address."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - a new function ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"register_operator")," allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"register")," entry point on the operator contract."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L36-38")," - modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"issue_ticket")," function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L44-L57")," - modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We also added two helper functions: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_operator")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"operator")," to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MissingOperator")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Unauthorized"),".")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/tests.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/tests.rs"'},'use odra::{\n casper_types::U512,\n host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs},\n OdraResult,\n};\n\nuse crate::{\n ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef,\n token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs},\n};\n\n#[test]\nfn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {\n collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),\n collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),\n total_supply: 100,\n };\n let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone());\n ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));\n ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));\n\n let buyer = env.get_account(1);\n env.set_caller(buyer);\n\n assert_eq!(\n buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50),\n Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())\n );\n assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(()));\n assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(()));\n assert_eq!(\n buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100),\n Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())\n );\n\n assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150));\n}\n\nfn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> {\n operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id)\n}\n\n')),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/037547ca.36ecaa56.js b/docs/assets/js/037547ca.36ecaa56.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7172b79f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/037547ca.36ecaa56.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[9184],{33709:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/03d24697.06b0b929.js b/docs/assets/js/03d24697.06b0b929.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..320047db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/03d24697.06b0b929.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[45333],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var u=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(u),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(u.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,u=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),m=r,f=p["".concat(u,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=p;var i={};for(var u in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,u)&&(i[u]=t[u]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=i;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"version-0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711523026,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 27, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/access-control"}},u={},l=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],c={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{Event, types::Address};\n\nodra::execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n PausedRequired => 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired => 1_001,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Variable\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Variable ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n Paused {\n account: contract_env::caller()\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n Unpaused {\n account: contract_env::caller()\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. 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The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra_modules::security::Pausable;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Variable,\n pauseable: Pausable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::PausableCounterDeployer;\n use odra_modules::security::errors::Error;\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let mut contract = PausableCounterDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 0);\n\n contract.increment();\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n \n contract.pause();\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(\n Error::UnpausedRequired, \n || contract.increment()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n\n contract.unpause();\n contract.increment();\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 2);\n\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. 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This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some CSPRs to the call.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/tutorials/using-proxy-caller.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/using-proxy-caller",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/using-proxy-caller",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},next:{title:"Migrations",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/migrations"}},u={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:2},{value:"Client",id:"client",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-proxy-caller"},"Using Proxy Caller"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," wasm to call an Odra ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper#payable"},"payable")," function. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," is a session code that top-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR"),"s to the call."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For this tutorial, we will use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TimeLockWallet")," contract from our examples."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs showLineNumbers",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])]\npub struct TimeLockWallet {\n balances: Mapping,\n lock_expiration_map: Mapping,\n lock_duration: Var\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TimeLockWallet {\n /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration.\n pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) {\n self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration);\n }\n\n /// Deposits the tokens into the contract.\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env().emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n }\n\n /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract.\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n\n /// Returns the balance of the given account.\n pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n\n /// Returns the lock duration.\n pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n}\n\n/// Errors that may occur during the contract execution.\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n LockIsNotOver = 1,\n CannotLockTwice = 2,\n InsufficientBalance = 3\n}\n\n/// Deposit event.\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Deposit {\n pub address: Address,\n pub amount: U512\n}\n\n/// Withdrawal event.\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Withdrawal {\n pub address: Address,\n pub amount: U512\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full code can be found ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"client"},"Client"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"casper-nctl-docker"))," image."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'# Build the contract\ncargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet\n# Extract secret key\ndocker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem\n')),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To interact with the contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "odra-examples"\nversion = "1.0.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false }\n... # other dependencies\nodra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }\n\n... # other sections\n\n[features]\ndefault = []\nlivenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]\n\n... # other sections\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "tlw_on_livenet"\npath = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n\n... # other sections\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs showLineNumbers",title:"examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'//! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs.\nuse odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef};\nuse odra::Address;\nuse odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs};\n\nconst DEPOSIT: u64 = 100;\nconst WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99;\nconst GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9);\n\nfn main() {\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n let caller = env.get_account(0);\n\n env.set_caller(caller);\n env.set_gas(GAS);\n\n let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy(\n &env, \n TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 }\n );\n // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract.\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT))\n .deposit();\n \n println!("Caller\'s balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));\n // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract.\n contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL));\n println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the code, execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ \ncargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet\n# Sample output\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy.\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed.\nCaller\'s balance: 100\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed.\nRemaining balance: 1\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Caller")," deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR.\nThe logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity.")),(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Since TypeScript code often requires considerable boilerplate, we offer a streamlined version of the code. We demonstrate how to deploy the contract and prepare a deploy that utilizes the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," to invoke a payable function with attached ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR")," tokens. The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},"previous tutorial")," details how to read the state, which is not the focus of our current discussion."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'import {\n CLByteArray,\n CLList,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n Contracts,\n Keys,\n RuntimeArgs,\n csprToMotes,\n decodeBase16,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\nimport fs from "fs";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\nconst SECRET_KEY_PATH = "keys/secret_key.pem"\nconst PROXY_CALLER_PATH = "wasm/proxy_caller.wasm"\nconst CONTRACT_PATH = "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm";\nconst CHAIN_NAME = "casper-net-1";\nconst ENTRY_POINT = "deposit";\nconst DEPOSIT = 100;\nconst GAS = 110;\n// Once the contract is deployed, the contract package hash\n// can be obtained from the global state.\nconst CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH = "...";\n\nconst casperClient = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\nconst keypair = Keys.Ed25519.loadKeyPairFromPrivateFile(\n SECRET_KEY_PATH\n);\nconst contract = new Contracts.Contract(casperClient);\n\nexport async function deploy_contract(): Promise {\n // Required odra_cfg args and the constructor args\n const args = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({\n odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name: CLValueBuilder.string("tlw"),\n odra_cfg_allow_key_override: CLValueBuilder.bool(true),\n odra_cfg_is_upgradable: CLValueBuilder.bool(true),\n lock_duration: CLValueBuilder.u64(60 * 60)\n });\n \n const wasm = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(CONTRACT_PATH));\n const deploy = contract.install(\n wasm,\n args,\n csprToMotes(GAS).toString(),\n keypair.publicKey,\n CHAIN_NAME,\n [keypair],\n );\n return casperClient.putDeploy(deploy);\n}\n \nexport async function deposit(): Promise {\n // Contract package hash is a 32-byte array, \n // so take the hex string and convert it to a byte array.\n // This is done using the decodeBase16 function from \n // the casper-js-sdk.\n const contractPackageHashBytes = new CLByteArray(\n decodeBase16(CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH)\n );\n // Next, create RuntimeArgs for the deploy \n // and pass them as bytes to the contract.\n // Note that the args are not a byte array, but a CLList \n // of CLU8s - a different type of CLValue.\n // Finally, create a Uint8Array from the bytes and \n // then transform it into a CLList.\n const args_bytes: Uint8Array = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({})\n .toBytes()\n .unwrap();\n const serialized_args = new CLList(\n Array.from(args_bytes)\n .map(value => new CLU8(value))\n );\n\n const args = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({\n attached_value: CLValueBuilder.u512(DEPOSIT),\n amount: CLValueBuilder.u512(DEPOSIT),\n entry_point: CLValueBuilder.string(ENTRY_POINT),\n contract_package_hash: contractPackageHashBytes,\n args: serialized_args\n });\n // Use proxy_caller to send tokens to the contract.\n const wasm = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(PROXY_CALLER_PATH));\n const deploy = contract.install(\n wasm,\n args,\n csprToMotes(GAS).toString(),\n keypair.publicKey,\n CHAIN_NAME,\n [keypair],\n );\n return casperClient.putDeploy(deploy);\n}\n \ndeploy_contract()\n .then((result) => { console.log(result); });\n\n// One you obatin the contract hash, you can call the deposit function:\n// deposit()\n// .then((result) => { console.log(result); });\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the code, execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \n# Sample output\nf40e3ca983034435d829462dd53d801df4e98013009cbf4a6654b3ee467063a1 # the deploy hash\n")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TimeLockWallet")," contract, deposited tokens using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Rust")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TypeScript"),", so you can choose whichever you prefer. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Rust")," code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," backend making chain interactions easier to handle."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/03f3dff9.a9b8cff3.js b/docs/assets/js/03f3dff9.a9b8cff3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a09e8e173 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/03f3dff9.a9b8cff3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73044],{70199:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Delegate","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0413f781.a3a1549e.js b/docs/assets/js/0413f781.a3a1549e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab987dd31 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0413f781.a3a1549e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[65666],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/backends"},next:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Host Env",id:"host-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM"),",\na complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),",\nor even a real blockchain - when using ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper"},"Livenet backend"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"host-env"},"Host Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/04477b87.ef2fdb17.js b/docs/assets/js/04477b87.ef2fdb17.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a2c9db8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/04477b87.ef2fdb17.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[56056],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(a),g=r,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||o;return a?n.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(m,l({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.3.0/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my-project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, to do so\nwe need to add a new backend. Let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra backend add -p casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now we can run the tests against it:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/04d6639f.fd92504b.js b/docs/assets/js/04d6639f.fd92504b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0084a03b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/04d6639f.fd92504b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[41258],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper Contract Schema",permalink:"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Loading the contract",id:"loading-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\n MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To perform a cross-contact call, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostRef")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article - a host side reference to already deployed contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the module context we use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractRef")," instead, to call other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," is generated automatically,\nby the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc, address: Address)"),", as shown above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address()")," function, which returns the address of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderContractRef")," struct (and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderHostRef")," to be used in tests, but do not implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer")," trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"loading-the-contract"},"Loading the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test\nour contracts in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/livenet"},"Livenet")," backend. We can load the contract using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"load")," method on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"',title:'"examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"'},'fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {\n let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n ::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_cross_calls() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(\n &test_env,\n CrossContractInitArgs {\n math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()\n }\n );\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that we intend to utilize."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);\n *contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/06a0fa51.a0324118.js b/docs/assets/js/06a0fa51.a0324118.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a3d042bd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/06a0fa51.a0324118.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[20348],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/docs/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm"},next:{title:"Livenet",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/livenet"}},l={},p=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Deploying a contract to Casper network",id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard"),", thankfully you can derive them using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance,\nyou call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_balance()"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network"},"Deploying a contract to Casper network"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain.\nYou can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool\nor using the Odra's Livenet integration."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's explore the first option to better understand the process."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it.\nEvery contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When working with the test env via ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," or when using\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration")," this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," directly, you have to pass them manually:"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/odra-casper/test-vm/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../tutorials/using-proxy-caller"},"Tutorial section"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/06d8044c.87feadbf.js b/docs/assets/js/06d8044c.87feadbf.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21f7ba0ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/06d8044c.87feadbf.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73807],{36924:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/07fff18d.20c4e66f.js b/docs/assets/js/07fff18d.20c4e66f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f3404c15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/07fff18d.20c4e66f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11577],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(t),u=r,h=p["".concat(c,".").concat(u)]||p[u]||m[u]||i;return t?a.createElement(h,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(h,o({ref:n},d))}));function u(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},o="Casper Contract Schema",s={unversionedId:"basics/casper-contract-schema",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/casper-contract-schema",title:"Casper Contract Schema",description:"Casper Contract Schema",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/13-casper-contract-schema.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/casper-contract-schema",permalink:"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/basics/events"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/basics/cross-calls"}},c={},l=[{value:"Odra and CCS",id:"odra-and-ccs",level:2},{value:"Generating the Schema",id:"generating-the-schema",level:2},{value:"Schema Output",id:"schema-output",level:2},{value:"Schema Fields",id:"schema-fields",level:2}],d={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema")," (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-and-ccs"},"Odra and CCS"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"event"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_type"),". The schema will be generated for you and available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/contract.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/contract.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(\n // the name of the contract, default is the module name\n name = "MyContract",\n // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate\n version = "0.1.0", \n // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used\n events = [ \n Created,\n Updated\n ],\n // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used\n errors = MyErrors \n)]\npub struct MyContract {\n name: Var,\n owner: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MyContract {\n /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.owner.set(owner.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Created { name });\n }\n\n /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event\n pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });\n }\n\n /// Returns the data of the contract\n pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {\n Data {\n name: self.name.get_or_default(),\n owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),\n }\n }\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Data {\n name: String,\n owner: Address,\n}\n\n// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum MyErrors {\n /// The owner is invalid\n InvalidOwner,\n /// The name is invalid\n InvalidName,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Updated {\n name: String,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Created {\n name: String,\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-the-schema"},"Generating the Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To generate the schema run the following ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo-odra")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-output"},"Schema Output"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The generated schema will be available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-json",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="resources/my_contract_schema.json"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"resources/my_contract_schema.json"'},'{\n "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,\n "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",\n "authors": [],\n "repository": null,\n "homepage": null,\n "contract_name": "MyContract",\n "contract_version": "0.1.0",\n "types": [\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Created",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Data",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Updated",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n "errors": [\n {\n "name": "InvalidName",\n "description": "The name is invalid",\n "discriminant": 1\n },\n {\n "name": "InvalidOwner",\n "description": "The owner is invalid",\n "discriminant": 0\n }\n ],\n "entry_points": [\n {\n "name": "update",\n "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",\n "is_mutable": true,\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n }\n ],\n "return_ty": "Unit",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n },\n {\n "name": "get_data",\n "description": "Returns the data of the contract",\n "is_mutable": false,\n "arguments": [],\n "return_ty": "Data",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n }\n ],\n "events": [\n {\n "name": "Created",\n "ty": "Created"\n },\n {\n "name": "Updated",\n "ty": "Updated"\n }\n ],\n "call": {\n "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",\n "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",\n "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",\n "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",\n "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key",\n "optional": false\n }\n ]\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-fields"},"Schema Fields"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"casper_contract_schema_version")," is the version of the schema.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"toolchain")," is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Fields ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"authors"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"repository"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"homepage")," are optional and can be set in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_name")," is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_version")," denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file, but can be overridden by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"module")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types")," comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), and a list of members."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"errors")," is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_points")," is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types"),") of the event."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," section provides details regarding the contract's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.")))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/09109da1.8b20ba8d.js b/docs/assets/js/09109da1.8b20ba8d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4963a753 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/09109da1.8b20ba8d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[68492],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),c=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},u=function(e){var r=c(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),m=a,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},u),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},u))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/events"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},u,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::types::Address;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Variable,\n owner: Variable
,\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet => 1,\n NotAnOwner => 2,\n }\n}\n\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_exception"),". This is how you will\nuse it:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};\nuse super::Error;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_owner_error() {\n let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {\n owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());\n })\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, because we are calling the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),' method as an address which is not an "owner",\nwe are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.'),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractRef::at()")," and passing to it\nits Address. Note that ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractDeployer::init()")," returns the same type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0993954b.41f9d80a.js b/docs/assets/js/0993954b.41f9d80a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a218390ad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0993954b.41f9d80a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[67646],{83769:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"name":"docusaurus-plugin-content-docs","id":"default"}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0a44181e.f9264a07.js b/docs/assets/js/0a44181e.f9264a07.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3c966a2c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0a44181e.f9264a07.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[27731],{55448:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/next/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0a8f7599.8e63a745.js b/docs/assets/js/0a8f7599.8e63a745.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a090c73a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0a8f7599.8e63a745.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54589],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0abf45c2.dcd1e6ff.js b/docs/assets/js/0abf45c2.dcd1e6ff.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26e962af4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0abf45c2.dcd1e6ff.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37625],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",l={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/docs/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/next/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure"}},s={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Generating contract schema",id:"generating-contract-schema",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The third available template is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"workspace"),", which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created\nwith the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.1.0 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It runs your tests against Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MockVM"),". It is substantially faster than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM"),"\nand implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files,\nspin up ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM")," instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder.\nNotice, that this command does not require the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," option."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to build specific contract, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-contract-schema"},"Generating contract schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"schema")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder.\nIf the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Like with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build")," command, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option to generate a schema for a specific contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0b779dad.d62c6414.js b/docs/assets/js/0b779dad.d62c6414.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f7acd17a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0b779dad.d62c6414.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[53538],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[r]=e[r]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(a[r]=e[r])}return a}var s=n.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=d(r),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return r?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},i="Directory structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},d=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"bin/",id:"bin",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 rust-toolchain\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin/\n| |\u2500\u2500 build_contract.rs\n| \u2514\u2500\u2500 build_schema.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.1"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.1"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-test")," is also\nadded as a dev dependency."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"bin"},"bin/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live.\nYou don't need to modify those files, they are generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command and\nare used by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra schema")," commands."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0be49901.749ace4a.js b/docs/assets/js/0be49901.749ace4a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ac09cdff --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0be49901.749ace4a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[61109],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/backends"},next:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM"),",\nor a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - 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It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conceptual-overview"},"Conceptual Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n value: Variable, // the default namespace would be "value"\n module: Module\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Module {\n secret: Variable // the default namespace would be "module_secret"\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Odra generates an array of keys, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace, like in the example above. But what if you want to reuse the same instance of a module? Add a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(using)]"),' attribute to a module to override the default behavior. This is information for the module "Do not prefix storage keys for the given module." so effectively, the child and the parent use the same module instance.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's illustrate it with a simple example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct SharedStorage {\n pub value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyStorage {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub version: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ComposableContract {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n #[odra(using = "shared")]\n pub storage: MyStorage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ComposableContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String) {\n self.storage.version.set(version);\n self.shared.value.set(value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {\n self.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {\n self.storage.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn t() {\n let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();\n let extra_value: u32 = 314;\n let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);\n\n assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we've introduced a new module, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", which nests ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyStorage")," and includes an extra value. 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state.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/build-deploy-read",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1716209688,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 20, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ticketing System",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/nft"},next:{title:"Using Proxy Caller",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller"}},c={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:3},{value:"Deploying the contract",id:"deploying-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Storage Layout",id:"storage-layout",level:3},{value:"Reading the state",id:"reading-the-state",level:3}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"build-deploy-and-read-the-state-of-a-contract"},"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"../category/getting-started"},"Getting Started")," guide"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Get familiar with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.casper.network/developers/dapps/setup-nctl/"},"NCTL tutorial")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},"NCTL docker")," image"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/casper-client-rs"},"casper-client"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will expose two methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The constructor ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," which sets the metadata and the version of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The method ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_data")," which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=custom_item.rs showLineNumbers",title:"custom_item.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};\n\n// A custom type with a vector of another custom type\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\n// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CustomItem {\n version: Var,\n meta: Var,\n data: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CustomItem {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {\n let meta = Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices: vec![\n Price { value: price_1 },\n Price { value: price_2 }\n ]\n };\n self.meta.set(meta);\n self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);\n }\n\n pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {\n self.data.value.set(value);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);\n }\n}\n\n// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Data {\n value: Var,\n inner: SubModule,\n}\n\n// A submodule with a mapping\n#[odra::module]\nstruct InnerData {\n named_values: Mapping,\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"deploying-the-contract"},"Deploying the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra build -c custom_item \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Then, we can deploy the contract using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\\n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ \n --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\\n --payment-amount 100000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='My Name'\" \\\n --session-arg \"description:string='My Description'\" \\ \n --session-arg \"price_1:u256='101'\" \\\n --session-arg \"price_2:u256='202'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_data")," method to set the values of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ \n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ \n --payment-amount 2000000000 \\\n --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\\n --session-entry-point "set_data" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:\'666\'" \\\n --session-arg "name:string=\'alice\'" \\ \n --session-arg "name2:string=\'bob\'"\n')),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Storage Layout\n\nCustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1\n meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2\n data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011 3\n value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0011_0001 (3 << 4) + 1\n inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010 (3 << 4) + 2\n named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0011_0010_0001 ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The actual key is obtained as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Convert the index to a big-endian byte array."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Concatenate the index with the mapping data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In more detail, the storage layout is described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout article"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"reading-the-state"},"Reading the state"),(0,r.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=main.rs showLineNumbers",title:"main.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};\nuse casper_types::{\n bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},\n U256,\n};\n\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";\nconst NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";\nconst RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";\nconst DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\nasync fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec {\n let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n None,\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .state_root_hash\n .unwrap();\n\n // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.\n let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n state_root_hash,\n DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {\n key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),\n dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),\n dictionary_item_key: key,\n },\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .stored_value;\n\n // We expect the value to be a CLValue\n if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.\n cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()\n } else {\n vec![]\n }\n}\n\nasync fn metadata() -> Metadata {\n // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(2, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n\n let mut prices = vec![];\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for _ in 0..size {\n // Read the value and store the remaining bytes\n let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n bytes = rem;\n prices.push(Price { value });\n }\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices\n }\n}\n\nasync fn value() -> u32 {\n // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nasync fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {\n // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();\n let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {\n let mut key = Vec::new();\n key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());\n key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);\n let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);\n\n hex::encode(&hashed_key)\n}\n\nfn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {\n let mut result = [0u8; 32];\n let mut hasher = ::new(32)\n .expect("should create hasher");\n let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);\n blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)\n .expect("should copy hash to the result array");\n result\n}\n\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'cargo run\n[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {\n name: "My Contract",\n description: "My Description",\n prices: [\n Price {\n value: 123,\n },\n Price {\n value: 321,\n },\n ],\n}\n[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666\n[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20\n[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10\n'))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'\nimport { blake2bHex } from "blakejs";\nimport {\n CLList,\n CLListBytesParser,\n CLStringBytesParser,\n CLU256BytesParser,\n CLU32BytesParser,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n CasperServiceByJsonRPC,\n Contracts,\n ToBytes,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH = "hash-...";\nconst STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME = "state";\nconst U32_SIZE = 4;\n\nclass Price {\n value: bigint;\n\n constructor(value: bigint) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n}\n\nclass Metadata {\n name: string;\n description: string;\n prices: Price[];\n\n constructor(name: string, description: string, prices: Price[]) {\n this.name = name;\n this.description = description;\n this.prices = prices;\n }\n}\n\nexport class Contract {\n client: CasperClient;\n service: CasperServiceByJsonRPC;\n contract: Contracts.Contract;\n\n private constructor() {\n this.client = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.service = new CasperServiceByJsonRPC(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.contract = new Contracts.Contract(this.client);\n this.contract.setContractHash(CONTRACT_HASH);\n }\n\n static async load() {\n return new Contract();\n }\n\n async read_state(key: string) {\n const response = await this.contract.queryContractDictionary(STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME, key);\n let data: CLList = CLValueBuilder.list(response.value());\n let bytes = new CLListBytesParser().toBytes(data).unwrap();\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType\n return bytes.slice(4);\n }\n\n async metadata() {\n // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(key(2));\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let name = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = name.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let description = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = description.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n let prices: Price[] = [];\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let size = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = size.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for (let i = 0; i < size.result.unwrap().data.toNumber(); i++) {\n let price = new CLU256BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = price.remainder as Uint8Array;\n prices.push(new Price(price.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt()));\n }\n\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n return new Metadata(\n name.result.unwrap().data,\n description.result.unwrap().data,\n prices\n );\n }\n \n async value() {\n // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data\n const bytes = await this.read_state(key((3 << 4) + 1));\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n\n async named_value(name: string) {\n // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = new CLStringBytesParser()\n .toBytes(CLValueBuilder.string(name))\n .unwrap();\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(\n key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, mapping_data)\n );\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfunction key(idx: number, mapping_data: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([])) {\n let key = new Uint8Array(U32_SIZE + mapping_data.length);\n new DataView(key.buffer).setUint32(0, idx, false); // false for big-endian\n key.set(mapping_data, U32_SIZE);\n\n return blake2bHex(key, undefined, 32);\n}\n\nconst contract = Contract.load();\ncontract.then(async (c) => {\n console.log(await c.value());\n console.log(await c.metadata());\n console.log(await c.named_value("alice"));\n console.log(await c.named_value("bob"));\n});\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \nMetadata {\n name: 'My Contract',\n description: 'My Description',\n prices: [ Price { value: 123n }, Price { value: 321n } ]\n}\n666n\n20n\n10n\n")))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0cc148ac.4f84770a.js b/docs/assets/js/0cc148ac.4f84770a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..103f49b74 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0cc148ac.4f84770a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[23697],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(t),m=o,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow only the module owner to mint tokens."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L10")," - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13-L15")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-L51")," - The same is done with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L57-L60")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is indeed the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0d02cb66.aeb2473a.js b/docs/assets/js/0d02cb66.aeb2473a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9aa09b13 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0d02cb66.aeb2473a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37282],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.9.1/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm"},next:{title:"Livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet"}},l={},p=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Deploying a contract to Casper network",id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard"),", thankfully you can derive them using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance,\nyou call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_balance()"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network"},"Deploying a contract to Casper network"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain.\nYou can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool\nor using the Odra's Livenet integration."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's explore the first option to better understand the process."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it.\nEvery contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When working with the test env via ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," or when using\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration")," this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," directly, you have to pass them manually:"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/odra-casper/test-vm/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../tutorials/using-proxy-caller"},"Tutorial section"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0d4fe067.f7ed9d8b.js b/docs/assets/js/0d4fe067.f7ed9d8b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a43341700 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0d4fe067.f7ed9d8b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[13030],{16750:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0e384e19.727c42f9.js b/docs/assets/js/0e384e19.727c42f9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d1462102 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0e384e19.727c42f9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59671],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[r]=e[r]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(a[r]=e[r])}return a}var s=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},l=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,l=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(r),f=a,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||d[f]||o;return r?n.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},l),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(m,i({ref:t},l))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=c;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>p});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},i="Odra framework",c={unversionedId:"intro",id:"intro",title:"Odra framework",description:"Odra Docs",source:"@site/docs/intro.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/",permalink:"/docs/next/",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1707130258,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 5, 2024",sidebarPosition:0,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",next:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/next/category/getting-started"}},s={image:r(35798).Z},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],l={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},l,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra framework"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network"},"Casper Network"),". Odra encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's free and open source!"),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example")," to find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},35798:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/0ea00542.a2c2d17e.js b/docs/assets/js/0ea00542.a2c2d17e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba1a30dea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/0ea00542.a2c2d17e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[56388],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.3.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/category/examples"}},l={},c=[{value:"Types",id:"types",level:2},{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Constructors",id:"constructors",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"types"},"Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be written into the storage must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait OdraType: \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other exposed types are:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CallArgs")," - wraps around casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"RuntimeArgs")),";"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - U512 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - u64 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," - an enum that encapsulates casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/account/struct.AccountHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"AccountHash"))," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractPackageHash")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ","[Casper Event Standard]"," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"constructors"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\nstruct Counter {\n value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about constructors ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/attributes#init"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"constructor")," argument with a value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"initialize")," - this represents the name of the constructor function. Additionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "constructor:string:\'initialize\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1030000d.32178e3d.js b/docs/assets/js/1030000d.32178e3d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d54a80b61 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1030000d.32178e3d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[72042],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable,\n weight: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n pets: Variable>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Variable\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update custom types definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[derive(OdraType)]")," attribute has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute."),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.9.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
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,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n #[odra::odra_error]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
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We believe it will bring standardization\nto the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this\necosystem."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),"\nto find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},67583:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/11e5b730.56c24770.js b/docs/assets/js/11e5b730.56c24770.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82c209342 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/11e5b730.56c24770.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[29906],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where\nthe contract is defined."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nname = "counter"\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/120e723d.0f481bf7.js b/docs/assets/js/120e723d.0f481bf7.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74109096b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/120e723d.0f481bf7.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11502],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function i(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):i(i({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(t),m=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},i="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.9.1/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/advanced/02-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/attributes"}},c={},l=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),": A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped\n{\n value: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value.\nIn previous examples, the value of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Mappings {\n strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,\n tokens: Mapping\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Mappings {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {\n self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));\n opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Firstly, within a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you don't encapsulate the module with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Submodule"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Secondly, rather than utilizing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::module()"),", which returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n counter: Sequence,\n tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {\n let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.balance_of(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {\n let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.mint(amount, to);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/120e9383.0372d791.js b/docs/assets/js/120e9383.0372d791.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e926bc7d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/120e9383.0372d791.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25867],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),i=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=i(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=i(n),m=r,h=p["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,l(l({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,l({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=s;for(var i=2;i{n.d(t,{Z:()=>l});var a=n(67294),r=n(86010);const o="tabItem_Ymn6";function l(e){let{children:t,hidden:n,className:l}=e;return a.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,r.Z)(o,l),hidden:n},t)}},74866:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>_});var a=n(87462),r=n(67294),o=n(86010),l=n(12466),s=n(16550),c=n(91980),i=n(67392),u=n(50012);function d(e){return function(e){return r.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,r.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}=e;return{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}))}function p(e){const{values:t,children:n}=e;return(0,r.useMemo)((()=>{const e=t??d(n);return function(e){const t=(0,i.l)(e,((e,t)=>e.value===t.value));if(t.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${t.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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The proxycaller is a session code that top-ups the cargo_purse passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some CSPRs to the call.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/using-proxy-caller",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},next:{title:"CEP-18",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18"}},u={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:2},{value:"Client",id:"client",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-proxy-caller"},"Using Proxy Caller"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," wasm to call an Odra ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/casper#payable"},"payable")," function. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," is a session code that top-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR"),"s to the call."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For this tutorial, we will use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TimeLockWallet")," contract from our examples."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs showLineNumbers",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])]\npub struct TimeLockWallet {\n balances: Mapping,\n lock_expiration_map: Mapping,\n lock_duration: Var\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TimeLockWallet {\n /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration.\n pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) {\n self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration);\n }\n\n /// Deposits the tokens into the contract.\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env().emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n }\n\n /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract.\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n\n /// Returns the balance of the given account.\n pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n\n /// Returns the lock duration.\n pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n}\n\n/// Errors that may occur during the contract execution.\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n LockIsNotOver = 1,\n CannotLockTwice = 2,\n InsufficientBalance = 3\n}\n\n/// Deposit event.\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Deposit {\n pub address: Address,\n pub amount: U512\n}\n\n/// Withdrawal event.\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Withdrawal {\n pub address: Address,\n pub amount: U512\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full code can be found ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"client"},"Client"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"casper-nctl-docker"))," image."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'# Build the contract\ncargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet\n# Extract secret key\ndocker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem\n')),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To interact with the contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "odra-examples"\nversion = "1.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false }\n... # other dependencies\nodra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true }\n\n... # other sections\n\n[features]\ndefault = []\nlivenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]\n\n... # other sections\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "tlw_on_livenet"\npath = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n\n... # other sections\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs showLineNumbers",title:"examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'//! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs.\nuse odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef};\nuse odra::Address;\nuse odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs};\n\nconst DEPOSIT: u64 = 100;\nconst WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99;\nconst GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9);\n\nfn main() {\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n let caller = env.get_account(0);\n\n env.set_caller(caller);\n env.set_gas(GAS);\n\n let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy(\n &env, \n TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 }\n );\n // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract.\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT))\n .deposit();\n \n println!("Caller\'s balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));\n // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract.\n contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL));\n println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the code, execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ \ncargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet\n# Sample output\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy.\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed.\nCaller\'s balance: 100\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed.\nRemaining balance: 1\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Caller")," deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR.\nThe logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity.")),(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Since TypeScript code often requires considerable boilerplate, we offer a streamlined version of the code. We demonstrate how to deploy the contract and prepare a deploy that utilizes the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," to invoke a payable function with attached ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR")," tokens. The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},"previous tutorial")," details how to read the state, which is not the focus of our current discussion."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'import {\n CLByteArray,\n CLList,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n Contracts,\n Keys,\n RuntimeArgs,\n csprToMotes,\n decodeBase16,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\nimport fs from "fs";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\nconst SECRET_KEY_PATH = "keys/secret_key.pem"\nconst PROXY_CALLER_PATH = "wasm/proxy_caller.wasm"\nconst CONTRACT_PATH = "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm";\nconst CHAIN_NAME = "casper-net-1";\nconst ENTRY_POINT = "deposit";\nconst DEPOSIT = 100;\nconst GAS = 110;\n// Once the contract is deployed, the contract package hash\n// can be obtained from the global state.\nconst CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH = "...";\n\nconst casperClient = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\nconst keypair = Keys.Ed25519.loadKeyPairFromPrivateFile(\n SECRET_KEY_PATH\n);\nconst contract = new Contracts.Contract(casperClient);\n\nexport async function deploy_contract(): Promise {\n // Required odra_cfg args and the constructor args\n const args = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({\n odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name: CLValueBuilder.string("tlw"),\n odra_cfg_allow_key_override: CLValueBuilder.bool(true),\n odra_cfg_is_upgradable: CLValueBuilder.bool(true),\n lock_duration: CLValueBuilder.u64(60 * 60)\n });\n \n const wasm = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(CONTRACT_PATH));\n const deploy = contract.install(\n wasm,\n args,\n csprToMotes(GAS).toString(),\n keypair.publicKey,\n CHAIN_NAME,\n [keypair],\n );\n return casperClient.putDeploy(deploy);\n}\n \nexport async function deposit(): Promise {\n // Contract package hash is a 32-byte array, \n // so take the hex string and convert it to a byte array.\n // This is done using the decodeBase16 function from \n // the casper-js-sdk.\n const contractPackageHashBytes = new CLByteArray(\n decodeBase16(CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH)\n );\n // Next, create RuntimeArgs for the deploy \n // and pass them as bytes to the contract.\n // Note that the args are not a byte array, but a CLList \n // of CLU8s - a different type of CLValue.\n // Finally, create a Uint8Array from the bytes and \n // then transform it into a CLList.\n const args_bytes: Uint8Array = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({})\n .toBytes()\n .unwrap();\n const serialized_args = new CLList(\n Array.from(args_bytes)\n .map(value => new CLU8(value))\n );\n\n const args = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({\n attached_value: CLValueBuilder.u512(DEPOSIT),\n amount: CLValueBuilder.u512(DEPOSIT),\n entry_point: CLValueBuilder.string(ENTRY_POINT),\n contract_package_hash: contractPackageHashBytes,\n args: serialized_args\n });\n // Use proxy_caller to send tokens to the contract.\n const wasm = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(PROXY_CALLER_PATH));\n const deploy = contract.install(\n wasm,\n args,\n csprToMotes(GAS).toString(),\n keypair.publicKey,\n CHAIN_NAME,\n [keypair],\n );\n return casperClient.putDeploy(deploy);\n}\n \ndeploy_contract()\n .then((result) => { console.log(result); });\n\n// One you obatin the contract hash, you can call the deposit function:\n// deposit()\n// .then((result) => { console.log(result); });\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the code, execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \n# Sample output\nf40e3ca983034435d829462dd53d801df4e98013009cbf4a6654b3ee467063a1 # the deploy hash\n")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TimeLockWallet")," contract, deposited tokens using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Rust")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TypeScript"),", so you can choose whichever you prefer. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Rust")," code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," backend making chain interactions easier to handle."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/12366.ba3d5d9a.js b/docs/assets/js/12366.ba3d5d9a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6246f94f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/12366.ba3d5d9a.js @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +/*! 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te=u.y1+k+(g?h/2*O:0),ne=u.x1,re=u.x2;n.segpts=[ne,te,re,te]}else{var ie=u.x1+k+(g?c/2*O:0),ae=u.y1,oe=u.y2;n.segpts=[ie,ae,ie,oe]}},Zo.tryToCorrectInvalidPoints=function(e,t){var n=e._private.rscratch;if("bezier"===n.edgeType){var r=t.srcPos,i=t.tgtPos,a=t.srcW,o=t.srcH,s=t.tgtW,l=t.tgtH,u=t.srcShape,c=t.tgtShape,h=!I(n.startX)||!I(n.startY),d=!I(n.arrowStartX)||!I(n.arrowStartY),p=!I(n.endX)||!I(n.endY),g=!I(n.arrowEndX)||!I(n.arrowEndY),f=3*(this.getArrowWidth(e.pstyle("width").pfValue,e.pstyle("arrow-scale").value)*this.arrowShapeWidth),v=ot({x:n.ctrlpts[0],y:n.ctrlpts[1]},{x:n.startX,y:n.startY}),y=vd.poolIndex()){var p=h;h=d,d=p}var g=s.srcPos=h.position(),f=s.tgtPos=d.position(),v=s.srcW=h.outerWidth(),y=s.srcH=h.outerHeight(),m=s.tgtW=d.outerWidth(),b=s.tgtH=d.outerHeight(),x=s.srcShape=n.nodeShapes[t.getNodeShape(h)],w=s.tgtShape=n.nodeShapes[t.getNodeShape(d)];s.dirCounts={north:0,west:0,south:0,east:0,northwest:0,southwest:0,northeast:0,southeast:0};for(var E=0;E0){var X=u,V=st(X,nt(t)),U=st(X,nt(Y)),j=V;if(U2)st(X,{x:Y[2],y:Y[3]})0){var ie=c,ae=st(ie,nt(t)),oe=st(ie,nt(re)),se=ae;if(oe2)st(ie,{x:re[2],y:re[3]})=u||m){c={cp:f,segment:y};break}}if(c)break}var b=c.cp,x=c.segment,w=(u-d)/x.length,E=x.t1-x.t0,_=s?x.t0+E*w:x.t1-E*w;_=ht(0,_,1),t=ct(b.p0,b.p1,b.p2,_),i=function(e,t,n,r){var i=ht(0,r-.001,1),a=ht(0,r+.001,1),o=ct(e,t,n,i),s=ct(e,t,n,a);return is(o,s)}(b.p0,b.p1,b.p2,_);break;case"straight":case"segments":case"haystack":for(var T,D,C,N,A=0,L=r.allpts.length,k=0;k+3=u));k+=2);var S=(u-D)/T;S=ht(0,S,1),t=function(e,t,n,r){var i=t.x-e.x,a=t.y-e.y,o=ot(e,t),s=i/o,l=a/o;return 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n=e._private,r=t?t+"-":"",i=e.pstyle(r+"label").strValue,a=e.pstyle("text-transform").value,o=function(e,r){return r?(Oe(n.rscratch,e,t,r),r):Me(n.rscratch,e,t)};if(!i)return"";"none"==a||("uppercase"==a?i=i.toUpperCase():"lowercase"==a&&(i=i.toLowerCase()));var s=e.pstyle("text-wrap").value;if("wrap"===s){var l=o("labelKey");if(null!=l&&o("labelWrapKey")===l)return o("labelWrapCachedText");for(var u=i.split("\n"),c=e.pstyle("text-max-width").pfValue,h="anywhere"===e.pstyle("text-overflow-wrap").value,d=[],p=/[\s\u200b]+/,g=h?"":" ",f=0;fc){for(var b=v.split(p),x="",w=0;wT)break;D+=i[N],N===i.length-1&&(C=!0)}return C||(D+="\u2026"),D}return i},ns.getLabelJustification=function(e){var t=e.pstyle("text-justification").strValue,n=e.pstyle("text-halign").strValue;if("auto"!==t)return t;if(!e.isNode())return"center";switch(n){case"left":return"right";case"right":return"left";default:return"center"}},ns.calculateLabelDimensions=function(e,t){var n=de(t,e._private.labelDimsKey),r=this.labelDimCache||(this.labelDimCache=[]),i=r[n];if(null!=i)return i;var a=e.pstyle("font-style").strValue,o=e.pstyle("font-size").pfValue,s=e.pstyle("font-family").strValue,l=e.pstyle("font-weight").strValue,u=this.labelCalcCanvas,c=this.labelCalcCanvasContext;if(!u){u=this.labelCalcCanvas=document.createElement("canvas"),c=this.labelCalcCanvasContext=u.getContext("2d");var h=u.style;h.position="absolute",h.left="-9999px",h.top="-9999px",h.zIndex="-1",h.visibility="hidden",h.pointerEvents="none"}c.font="".concat(a," ").concat(l," ").concat(o,"px ").concat(s);for(var d=0,p=0,g=t.split("\n"),f=0;f1&&void 0!==arguments[1])||arguments[1];if(t.merge(e),n)for(var r=0;r=e.desktopTapThreshold2}var C=r(t);v&&(e.hoverData.tapholdCancelled=!0);a=!0,n(f,["mousemove","vmousemove","tapdrag"],t,{x:c[0],y:c[1]});var N=function(){e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.hoverData.selecting||o.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"boxstart",position:{x:c[0],y:c[1]}}),g[4]=1,e.hoverData.selecting=!0,e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redraw()};if(3===e.hoverData.which){if(v){var A={originalEvent:t,type:"cxtdrag",position:{x:c[0],y:c[1]}};m?m.emit(A):o.emit(A),e.hoverData.cxtDragged=!0,e.hoverData.cxtOver&&f===e.hoverData.cxtOver||(e.hoverData.cxtOver&&e.hoverData.cxtOver.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxtdragout",position:{x:c[0],y:c[1]}}),e.hoverData.cxtOver=f,f&&f.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxtdragover",position:{x:c[0],y:c[1]}}))}}else if(e.hoverData.dragging){if(a=!0,o.panningEnabled()&&o.userPanningEnabled()){var L;if(e.hoverData.justStartedPan){var k=e.hoverData.mdownPos;L={x:(c[0]-k[0])*s,y:(c[1]-k[1])*s},e.hoverData.justStartedPan=!1}else L={x:b[0]*s,y:b[1]*s};o.panBy(L),o.emit("dragpan"),e.hoverData.dragged=!0}c=e.projectIntoViewport(t.clientX,t.clientY)}else if(1!=g[4]||null!=m&&!m.pannable()){if(m&&m.pannable()&&m.active()&&m.unactivate(),m&&m.grabbed()||f==y||(y&&n(y,["mouseout","tapdragout"],t,{x:c[0],y:c[1]}),f&&n(f,["mouseover","tapdragover"],t,{x:c[0],y:c[1]}),e.hoverData.last=f),m)if(v){if(o.boxSelectionEnabled()&&C)m&&m.grabbed()&&(h(x),m.emit("freeon"),x.emit("free"),e.dragData.didDrag&&(m.emit("dragfreeon"),x.emit("dragfree"))),N();else if(m&&m.grabbed()&&e.nodeIsDraggable(m)){var S=!e.dragData.didDrag;S&&e.redrawHint("eles",!0),e.dragData.didDrag=!0,e.hoverData.draggingEles||l(x,{inDragLayer:!0});var M={x:0,y:0};if(I(b[0])&&I(b[1])&&(M.x+=b[0],M.y+=b[1],S)){var O=e.hoverData.dragDelta;O&&I(O[0])&&I(O[1])&&(M.x+=O[0],M.y+=O[1])}e.hoverData.draggingEles=!0,x.silentShift(M).emit("position drag"),e.redrawHint("drag",!0),e.redraw()}}else!function(){var t=e.hoverData.dragDelta=e.hoverData.dragDelta||[];0===t.length?(t.push(b[0]),t.push(b[1])):(t[0]+=b[0],t[1]+=b[1])}();a=!0}else if(v){if(e.hoverData.dragging||!o.boxSelectionEnabled()||!C&&o.panningEnabled()&&o.userPanningEnabled()){if(!e.hoverData.selecting&&o.panningEnabled()&&o.userPanningEnabled()){i(m,e.hoverData.downs)&&(e.hoverData.dragging=!0,e.hoverData.justStartedPan=!0,g[4]=0,e.data.bgActivePosistion=nt(d),e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redraw())}}else N();m&&m.pannable()&&m.active()&&m.unactivate()}return g[2]=c[0],g[3]=c[1],a?(t.stopPropagation&&t.stopPropagation(),t.preventDefault&&t.preventDefault(),!1):void 0}}),!1),e.registerBinding(window,"mouseup",(function(i){if(e.hoverData.capture){e.hoverData.capture=!1;var a=e.cy,o=e.projectIntoViewport(i.clientX,i.clientY),s=e.selection,l=e.findNearestElement(o[0],o[1],!0,!1),u=e.dragData.possibleDragElements,c=e.hoverData.down,d=r(i);if(e.data.bgActivePosistion&&(e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redraw()),e.hoverData.tapholdCancelled=!0,e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,c&&c.unactivate(),3===e.hoverData.which){var p={originalEvent:i,type:"cxttapend",position:{x:o[0],y:o[1]}};if(c?c.emit(p):a.emit(p),!e.hoverData.cxtDragged){var g={originalEvent:i,type:"cxttap",position:{x:o[0],y:o[1]}};c?c.emit(g):a.emit(g)}e.hoverData.cxtDragged=!1,e.hoverData.which=null}else if(1===e.hoverData.which){if(n(l,["mouseup","tapend","vmouseup"],i,{x:o[0],y:o[1]}),e.dragData.didDrag||e.hoverData.dragged||e.hoverData.selecting||e.hoverData.isOverThresholdDrag||(n(c,["click","tap","vclick"],i,{x:o[0],y:o[1]}),b=!1,i.timeStamp-x<=a.multiClickDebounceTime()?(m&&clearTimeout(m),b=!0,x=null,n(c,["dblclick","dbltap","vdblclick"],i,{x:o[0],y:o[1]})):(m=setTimeout((function(){b||n(c,["oneclick","onetap","voneclick"],i,{x:o[0],y:o[1]})}),a.multiClickDebounceTime()),x=i.timeStamp)),null!=c||e.dragData.didDrag||e.hoverData.selecting||e.hoverData.dragged||r(i)||(a.$(t).unselect(["tapunselect"]),u.length>0&&e.redrawHint("eles",!0),e.dragData.possibleDragElements=u=a.collection()),l!=c||e.dragData.didDrag||e.hoverData.selecting||null!=l&&l._private.selectable&&(e.hoverData.dragging||("additive"===a.selectionType()||d?l.selected()?l.unselect(["tapunselect"]):l.select(["tapselect"]):d||(a.$(t).unmerge(l).unselect(["tapunselect"]),l.select(["tapselect"]))),e.redrawHint("eles",!0)),e.hoverData.selecting){var f=a.collection(e.getAllInBox(s[0],s[1],s[2],s[3]));e.redrawHint("select",!0),f.length>0&&e.redrawHint("eles",!0),a.emit({type:"boxend",originalEvent:i,position:{x:o[0],y:o[1]}});var v=function(e){return e.selectable()&&!e.selected()};"additive"===a.selectionType()||d||a.$(t).unmerge(f).unselect(),f.emit("box").stdFilter(v).select().emit("boxselect"),e.redraw()}if(e.hoverData.dragging&&(e.hoverData.dragging=!1,e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redrawHint("eles",!0),e.redraw()),!s[4]){e.redrawHint("drag",!0),e.redrawHint("eles",!0);var y=c&&c.grabbed();h(u),y&&(c.emit("freeon"),u.emit("free"),e.dragData.didDrag&&(c.emit("dragfreeon"),u.emit("dragfree")))}}s[4]=0,e.hoverData.down=null,e.hoverData.cxtStarted=!1,e.hoverData.draggingEles=!1,e.hoverData.selecting=!1,e.hoverData.isOverThresholdDrag=!1,e.dragData.didDrag=!1,e.hoverData.dragged=!1,e.hoverData.dragDelta=[],e.hoverData.mdownPos=null,e.hoverData.mdownGPos=null}}),!1);var E,_,T,D,C,N,A,L,k,S,M,O,P,R=function(t){if(!e.scrollingPage){var n=e.cy,r=n.zoom(),i=n.pan(),a=e.projectIntoViewport(t.clientX,t.clientY),o=[a[0]*r+i.x,a[1]*r+i.y];if(e.hoverData.draggingEles||e.hoverData.dragging||e.hoverData.cxtStarted||0!==e.selection[4])t.preventDefault();else if(n.panningEnabled()&&n.userPanningEnabled()&&n.zoomingEnabled()&&n.userZoomingEnabled()){var s;t.preventDefault(),e.data.wheelZooming=!0,clearTimeout(e.data.wheelTimeout),e.data.wheelTimeout=setTimeout((function(){e.data.wheelZooming=!1,e.redrawHint("eles",!0),e.redraw()}),150),s=null!=t.deltaY?t.deltaY/-250:null!=t.wheelDeltaY?t.wheelDeltaY/1e3:t.wheelDelta/1e3,s*=e.wheelSensitivity,1===t.deltaMode&&(s*=33);var l=n.zoom()*Math.pow(10,s);"gesturechange"===t.type&&(l=e.gestureStartZoom*t.scale),n.zoom({level:l,renderedPosition:{x:o[0],y:o[1]}}),n.emit("gesturechange"===t.type?"pinchzoom":"scrollzoom")}}};e.registerBinding(e.container,"wheel",R,!0),e.registerBinding(window,"scroll",(function(t){e.scrollingPage=!0,clearTimeout(e.scrollingPageTimeout),e.scrollingPageTimeout=setTimeout((function(){e.scrollingPage=!1}),250)}),!0),e.registerBinding(e.container,"gesturestart",(function(t){e.gestureStartZoom=e.cy.zoom(),e.hasTouchStarted||t.preventDefault()}),!0),e.registerBinding(e.container,"gesturechange",(function(t){e.hasTouchStarted||R(t)}),!0),e.registerBinding(e.container,"mouseout",(function(t){var n=e.projectIntoViewport(t.clientX,t.clientY);e.cy.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"mouseout",position:{x:n[0],y:n[1]}})}),!1),e.registerBinding(e.container,"mouseover",(function(t){var n=e.projectIntoViewport(t.clientX,t.clientY);e.cy.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"mouseover",position:{x:n[0],y:n[1]}})}),!1);var B,F,z,G,Y,X,V,U=function(e,t,n,r){return Math.sqrt((n-e)*(n-e)+(r-t)*(r-t))},j=function(e,t,n,r){return(n-e)*(n-e)+(r-t)*(r-t)};if(e.registerBinding(e.container,"touchstart",B=function(t){if(e.hasTouchStarted=!0,w(t)){p(),e.touchData.capture=!0,e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0;var r=e.cy,i=e.touchData.now,a=e.touchData.earlier;if(t.touches[0]){var s=e.projectIntoViewport(t.touches[0].clientX,t.touches[0].clientY);i[0]=s[0],i[1]=s[1]}if(t.touches[1]){s=e.projectIntoViewport(t.touches[1].clientX,t.touches[1].clientY);i[2]=s[0],i[3]=s[1]}if(t.touches[2]){s=e.projectIntoViewport(t.touches[2].clientX,t.touches[2].clientY);i[4]=s[0],i[5]=s[1]}if(t.touches[1]){e.touchData.singleTouchMoved=!0,h(e.dragData.touchDragEles);var u=e.findContainerClientCoords();k=u[0],S=u[1],M=u[2],O=u[3],E=t.touches[0].clientX-k,_=t.touches[0].clientY-S,T=t.touches[1].clientX-k,D=t.touches[1].clientY-S,P=0<=E&&E<=M&&0<=T&&T<=M&&0<=_&&_<=O&&0<=D&&D<=O;var d=r.pan(),g=r.zoom();C=U(E,_,T,D),N=j(E,_,T,D),L=[((A=[(E+T)/2,(_+D)/2])[0]-d.x)/g,(A[1]-d.y)/g];if(N<4e4&&!t.touches[2]){var f=e.findNearestElement(i[0],i[1],!0,!0),v=e.findNearestElement(i[2],i[3],!0,!0);return f&&f.isNode()?(f.activate().emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxttapstart",position:{x:i[0],y:i[1]}}),e.touchData.start=f):v&&v.isNode()?(v.activate().emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxttapstart",position:{x:i[0],y:i[1]}}),e.touchData.start=v):r.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxttapstart",position:{x:i[0],y:i[1]}}),e.touchData.start&&(e.touchData.start._private.grabbed=!1),e.touchData.cxt=!0,e.touchData.cxtDragged=!1,e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,void e.redraw()}}if(t.touches[2])r.boxSelectionEnabled()&&t.preventDefault();else if(t.touches[1]);else if(t.touches[0]){var y=e.findNearestElements(i[0],i[1],!0,!0),m=y[0];if(null!=m&&(m.activate(),e.touchData.start=m,e.touchData.starts=y,e.nodeIsGrabbable(m))){var b=e.dragData.touchDragEles=r.collection(),x=null;e.redrawHint("eles",!0),e.redrawHint("drag",!0),m.selected()?(x=r.$((function(t){return t.selected()&&e.nodeIsGrabbable(t)})),l(x,{addToList:b})):c(m,{addToList:b}),o(m);var I=function(e){return{originalEvent:t,type:e,position:{x:i[0],y:i[1]}}};m.emit(I("grabon")),x?x.forEach((function(e){e.emit(I("grab"))})):m.emit(I("grab"))}n(m,["touchstart","tapstart","vmousedown"],t,{x:i[0],y:i[1]}),null==m&&(e.data.bgActivePosistion={x:s[0],y:s[1]},e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redraw()),e.touchData.singleTouchMoved=!1,e.touchData.singleTouchStartTime=+new Date,clearTimeout(e.touchData.tapholdTimeout),e.touchData.tapholdTimeout=setTimeout((function(){!1!==e.touchData.singleTouchMoved||e.pinching||e.touchData.selecting||n(e.touchData.start,["taphold"],t,{x:i[0],y:i[1]})}),e.tapholdDuration)}if(t.touches.length>=1){for(var R=e.touchData.startPosition=[],B=0;B=e.touchTapThreshold2}if(r&&e.touchData.cxt){t.preventDefault();var x=t.touches[0].clientX-k,A=t.touches[0].clientY-S,M=t.touches[1].clientX-k,O=t.touches[1].clientY-S,R=j(x,A,M,O);if(R/N>=2.25||R>=22500){e.touchData.cxt=!1,e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.redrawHint("select",!0);var B={originalEvent:t,type:"cxttapend",position:{x:s[0],y:s[1]}};e.touchData.start?(e.touchData.start.unactivate().emit(B),e.touchData.start=null):o.emit(B)}}if(r&&e.touchData.cxt){B={originalEvent:t,type:"cxtdrag",position:{x:s[0],y:s[1]}};e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.touchData.start?e.touchData.start.emit(B):o.emit(B),e.touchData.start&&(e.touchData.start._private.grabbed=!1),e.touchData.cxtDragged=!0;var F=e.findNearestElement(s[0],s[1],!0,!0);e.touchData.cxtOver&&F===e.touchData.cxtOver||(e.touchData.cxtOver&&e.touchData.cxtOver.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxtdragout",position:{x:s[0],y:s[1]}}),e.touchData.cxtOver=F,F&&F.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"cxtdragover",position:{x:s[0],y:s[1]}}))}else if(r&&t.touches[2]&&o.boxSelectionEnabled())t.preventDefault(),e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,this.lastThreeTouch=+new Date,e.touchData.selecting||o.emit({originalEvent:t,type:"boxstart",position:{x:s[0],y:s[1]}}),e.touchData.selecting=!0,e.touchData.didSelect=!0,a[4]=1,a&&0!==a.length&&void 0!==a[0]?(a[2]=(s[0]+s[2]+s[4])/3,a[3]=(s[1]+s[3]+s[5])/3):(a[0]=(s[0]+s[2]+s[4])/3,a[1]=(s[1]+s[3]+s[5])/3,a[2]=(s[0]+s[2]+s[4])/3+1,a[3]=(s[1]+s[3]+s[5])/3+1),e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redraw();else if(r&&t.touches[1]&&!e.touchData.didSelect&&o.zoomingEnabled()&&o.panningEnabled()&&o.userZoomingEnabled()&&o.userPanningEnabled()){if(t.preventDefault(),e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.redrawHint("select",!0),ee=e.dragData.touchDragEles){e.redrawHint("drag",!0);for(var z=0;z0&&!e.hoverData.draggingEles&&!e.swipePanning&&null!=e.data.bgActivePosistion&&(e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.redrawHint("select",!0),e.redraw())}},!1),e.registerBinding(window,"touchcancel",z=function(t){var n=e.touchData.start;e.touchData.capture=!1,n&&n.unactivate()}),e.registerBinding(window,"touchend",G=function(r){var i=e.touchData.start;if(e.touchData.capture){0===r.touches.length&&(e.touchData.capture=!1),r.preventDefault();var a=e.selection;e.swipePanning=!1,e.hoverData.draggingEles=!1;var o,s=e.cy,l=s.zoom(),u=e.touchData.now,c=e.touchData.earlier;if(r.touches[0]){var d=e.projectIntoViewport(r.touches[0].clientX,r.touches[0].clientY);u[0]=d[0],u[1]=d[1]}if(r.touches[1]){d=e.projectIntoViewport(r.touches[1].clientX,r.touches[1].clientY);u[2]=d[0],u[3]=d[1]}if(r.touches[2]){d=e.projectIntoViewport(r.touches[2].clientX,r.touches[2].clientY);u[4]=d[0],u[5]=d[1]}if(i&&i.unactivate(),e.touchData.cxt){if(o={originalEvent:r,type:"cxttapend",position:{x:u[0],y:u[1]}},i?i.emit(o):s.emit(o),!e.touchData.cxtDragged){var p={originalEvent:r,type:"cxttap",position:{x:u[0],y:u[1]}};i?i.emit(p):s.emit(p)}return e.touchData.start&&(e.touchData.start._private.grabbed=!1),e.touchData.cxt=!1,e.touchData.start=null,void e.redraw()}if(!r.touches[2]&&s.boxSelectionEnabled()&&e.touchData.selecting){e.touchData.selecting=!1;var g=s.collection(e.getAllInBox(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3]));a[0]=void 0,a[1]=void 0,a[2]=void 0,a[3]=void 0,a[4]=0,e.redrawHint("select",!0),s.emit({type:"boxend",originalEvent:r,position:{x:u[0],y:u[1]}});g.emit("box").stdFilter((function(e){return e.selectable()&&!e.selected()})).select().emit("boxselect"),g.nonempty()&&e.redrawHint("eles",!0),e.redraw()}if(null!=i&&i.unactivate(),r.touches[2])e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.redrawHint("select",!0);else if(r.touches[1]);else if(r.touches[0]);else if(!r.touches[0]){e.data.bgActivePosistion=void 0,e.redrawHint("select",!0);var f=e.dragData.touchDragEles;if(null!=i){var v=i._private.grabbed;h(f),e.redrawHint("drag",!0),e.redrawHint("eles",!0),v&&(i.emit("freeon"),f.emit("free"),e.dragData.didDrag&&(i.emit("dragfreeon"),f.emit("dragfree"))),n(i,["touchend","tapend","vmouseup","tapdragout"],r,{x:u[0],y:u[1]}),i.unactivate(),e.touchData.start=null}else{var y=e.findNearestElement(u[0],u[1],!0,!0);n(y,["touchend","tapend","vmouseup","tapdragout"],r,{x:u[0],y:u[1]})}var m=e.touchData.startPosition[0]-u[0],b=m*m,x=e.touchData.startPosition[1]-u[1],w=(b+x*x)*l*l;e.touchData.singleTouchMoved||(i||s.$(":selected").unselect(["tapunselect"]),n(i,["tap","vclick"],r,{x:u[0],y:u[1]}),Y=!1,r.timeStamp-V<=s.multiClickDebounceTime()?(X&&clearTimeout(X),Y=!0,V=null,n(i,["dbltap","vdblclick"],r,{x:u[0],y:u[1]})):(X=setTimeout((function(){Y||n(i,["onetap","voneclick"],r,{x:u[0],y:u[1]})}),s.multiClickDebounceTime()),V=r.timeStamp)),null!=i&&!e.dragData.didDrag&&i._private.selectable&&w2){for(var A=[u[0],u[1]],L=Math.pow(A[0]-e,2)+Math.pow(A[1]-t,2),k=1;k0)return f[0]}return null},d=Object.keys(c),p=0;p0?l:xt(i,a,e,t,n,r,o)},checkPoint:function(e,t,n,r,i,a,o){var s=Ft(r,i),l=2*s;if(Ct(e,t,this.points,a,o,r,i-l,[0,-1],n))return!0;if(Ct(e,t,this.points,a,o,r-l,i,[0,-1],n))return!0;var u=r/2+2*n,c=i/2+2*n;return!!Dt(e,t,[a-u,o-c,a-u,o,a+u,o,a+u,o-c])||(!!Lt(e,t,l,l,a+r/2-s,o+i/2-s,n)||!!Lt(e,t,l,l,a-r/2+s,o+i/2-s,n))}}},ds.registerNodeShapes=function(){var e=this.nodeShapes={},t=this;this.generateEllipse(),this.generatePolygon("triangle",Pt(3,0)),this.generateRoundPolygon("round-triangle",Pt(3,0)),this.generatePolygon("rectangle",Pt(4,0)),e.square=e.rectangle,this.generateRoundRectangle(),this.generateCutRectangle(),this.generateBarrel(),this.generateBottomRoundrectangle();var n=[0,1,1,0,0,-1,-1,0];this.generatePolygon("diamond",n),this.generateRoundPolygon("round-diamond",n),this.generatePolygon("pentagon",Pt(5,0)),this.generateRoundPolygon("round-pentagon",Pt(5,0)),this.generatePolygon("hexagon",Pt(6,0)),this.generateRoundPolygon("round-hexagon",Pt(6,0)),this.generatePolygon("heptagon",Pt(7,0)),this.generateRoundPolygon("round-heptagon",Pt(7,0)),this.generatePolygon("octagon",Pt(8,0)),this.generateRoundPolygon("round-octagon",Pt(8,0));var r=new Array(20),i=Bt(5,0),a=Bt(5,Math.PI/5),o=.5*(3-Math.sqrt(5));o*=1.57;for(var s=0;s=e.deqFastCost*f)break}else if(i){if(p>=e.deqCost*l||p>=e.deqAvgCost*s)break}else if(g>=e.deqNoDrawCost*ys)break;var v=e.deq(t,h,c);if(!(v.length>0))break;for(var y=0;y0&&(e.onDeqd(t,u),!i&&e.shouldRedraw(t,u,h,c)&&r())}),i(t))}}},bs=function(){function e(t){var n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:xe;f(this,e),this.idsByKey=new Pe,this.keyForId=new Pe,this.cachesByLvl=new Pe,this.lvls=[],this.getKey=t,this.doesEleInvalidateKey=n}return y(e,[{key:"getIdsFor",value:function(e){null==e&&_e("Can not get id list for null key");var t=this.idsByKey,n=this.idsByKey.get(e);return n||(n=new Be,t.set(e,n)),n}},{key:"addIdForKey",value:function(e,t){null!=e&&this.getIdsFor(e).add(t)}},{key:"deleteIdForKey",value:function(e,t){null!=e&&this.getIdsFor(e).delete(t)}},{key:"getNumberOfIdsForKey",value:function(e){return null==e?0:this.getIdsFor(e).size}},{key:"updateKeyMappingFor",value:function(e){var t=e.id(),n=this.keyForId.get(t),r=this.getKey(e);this.deleteIdForKey(n,t),this.addIdForKey(r,t),this.keyForId.set(t,r)}},{key:"deleteKeyMappingFor",value:function(e){var t=e.id(),n=this.keyForId.get(t);this.deleteIdForKey(n,t),this.keyForId.delete(t)}},{key:"keyHasChangedFor",value:function(e){var t=e.id();return this.keyForId.get(t)!==this.getKey(e)}},{key:"isInvalid",value:function(e){return this.keyHasChangedFor(e)||this.doesEleInvalidateKey(e)}},{key:"getCachesAt",value:function(e){var t=this.cachesByLvl,n=this.lvls,r=t.get(e);return r||(r=new Pe,t.set(e,r),n.push(e)),r}},{key:"getCache",value:function(e,t){return this.getCachesAt(t).get(e)}},{key:"get",value:function(e,t){var n=this.getKey(e),r=this.getCache(n,t);return null!=r&&this.updateKeyMappingFor(e),r}},{key:"getForCachedKey",value:function(e,t){var n=this.keyForId.get(e.id());return this.getCache(n,t)}},{key:"hasCache",value:function(e,t){return this.getCachesAt(t).has(e)}},{key:"has",value:function(e,t){var n=this.getKey(e);return this.hasCache(n,t)}},{key:"setCache",value:function(e,t,n){n.key=e,this.getCachesAt(t).set(e,n)}},{key:"set",value:function(e,t,n){var r=this.getKey(e);this.setCache(r,t,n),this.updateKeyMappingFor(e)}},{key:"deleteCache",value:function(e,t){this.getCachesAt(t).delete(e)}},{key:"delete",value:function(e,t){var n=this.getKey(e);this.deleteCache(n,t)}},{key:"invalidateKey",value:function(e){var t=this;this.lvls.forEach((function(n){return t.deleteCache(e,n)}))}},{key:"invalidate",value:function(e){var t=e.id(),n=this.keyForId.get(t);this.deleteKeyMappingFor(e);var r=this.doesEleInvalidateKey(e);return r&&this.invalidateKey(n),r||0===this.getNumberOfIdsForKey(n)}}]),e}(),xs={dequeue:"dequeue",downscale:"downscale",highQuality:"highQuality"},ws=ke({getKey:null,doesEleInvalidateKey:xe,drawElement:null,getBoundingBox:null,getRotationPoint:null,getRotationOffset:null,isVisible:be,allowEdgeTxrCaching:!0,allowParentTxrCaching:!0}),Es=function(e,t){var n=this;n.renderer=e,n.onDequeues=[];var r=ws(t);W(n,r),n.lookup=new bs(r.getKey,r.doesEleInvalidateKey),n.setupDequeueing()},_s=Es.prototype;_s.reasons=xs,_s.getTextureQueue=function(e){var t=this;return t.eleImgCaches=t.eleImgCaches||{},t.eleImgCaches[e]=t.eleImgCaches[e]||[]},_s.getRetiredTextureQueue=function(e){var t=this.eleImgCaches.retired=this.eleImgCaches.retired||{};return t[e]=t[e]||[]},_s.getElementQueue=function(){return this.eleCacheQueue=this.eleCacheQueue||new c.default((function(e,t){return t.reqs-e.reqs}))},_s.getElementKeyToQueue=function(){return this.eleKeyToCacheQueue=this.eleKeyToCacheQueue||{}},_s.getElement=function(e,t,n,r,i){var a=this,o=this.renderer,s=o.cy.zoom(),l=this.lookup;if(!t||0===t.w||0===t.h||isNaN(t.w)||isNaN(t.h)||!e.visible()||e.removed())return null;if(!a.allowEdgeTxrCaching&&e.isEdge()||!a.allowParentTxrCaching&&e.isParent())return null;if(null==r&&(r=Math.ceil(it(s*n))),r<-4)r=-4;else if(s>=7.99||r>3)return null;var u=Math.pow(2,r),c=t.h*u,h=t.w*u,d=o.eleTextBiggerThanMin(e,u);if(!this.isVisible(e,d))return null;var p,g=l.get(e,r);if(g&&g.invalidated&&(g.invalidated=!1,g.texture.invalidatedWidth-=g.width),g)return g;if(p=c<=25?25:c<=50?50:50*Math.ceil(c/50),c>1024||h>1024)return null;var f=a.getTextureQueue(p),v=f[f.length-2],y=function(){return a.recycleTexture(p,h)||a.addTexture(p,h)};v||(v=f[f.length-1]),v||(v=y()),v.width-v.usedWidthr;N--)D=a.getElement(e,t,n,N,xs.downscale);C()}else{var A;if(!x&&!w&&!E)for(var L=r-1;L>=-4;L--){var k=l.get(e,L);if(k){A=k;break}}if(b(A))return a.queueElement(e,r),A;v.context.translate(v.usedWidth,0),v.context.scale(u,u),this.drawElement(v.context,e,t,d,!1),v.context.scale(1/u,1/u),v.context.translate(-v.usedWidth,0)}return g={x:v.usedWidth,texture:v,level:r,scale:u,width:h,height:c,scaledLabelShown:d},v.usedWidth+=Math.ceil(h+8),v.eleCaches.push(g),l.set(e,r,g),a.checkTextureFullness(v),g},_s.invalidateElements=function(e){for(var t=0;t=.2*e.width&&this.retireTexture(e)},_s.checkTextureFullness=function(e){var t=this.getTextureQueue(e.height);e.usedWidth/e.width>.8&&e.fullnessChecks>=10?Se(t,e):e.fullnessChecks++},_s.retireTexture=function(e){var t=e.height,n=this.getTextureQueue(t),r=this.lookup;Se(n,e),e.retired=!0;for(var i=e.eleCaches,a=0;a=t)return a.retired=!1,a.usedWidth=0,a.invalidatedWidth=0,a.fullnessChecks=0,Ie(a.eleCaches),a.context.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0),a.context.clearRect(0,0,a.width,a.height),Se(r,a),n.push(a),a}},_s.queueElement=function(e,t){var n=this.getElementQueue(),r=this.getElementKeyToQueue(),i=this.getKey(e),a=r[i];if(a)a.level=Math.max(a.level,t),a.eles.merge(e),a.reqs++,n.updateItem(a);else{var o={eles:e.spawn().merge(e),level:t,reqs:1,key:i};n.push(o),r[i]=o}},_s.dequeue=function(e){for(var t=this,n=t.getElementQueue(),r=t.getElementKeyToQueue(),i=[],a=t.lookup,o=0;o<1&&n.size()>0;o++){var s=n.pop(),l=s.key,u=s.eles[0],c=a.hasCache(u,s.level);if(r[l]=null,!c){i.push(s);var 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e=this.data.contexts[0];if(null!=this.forcedPixelRatio)return this.forcedPixelRatio;var t=e.backingStorePixelRatio||e.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio||e.mozBackingStorePixelRatio||e.msBackingStorePixelRatio||e.oBackingStorePixelRatio||e.backingStorePixelRatio||1;return(window.devicePixelRatio||1)/t},$s.paintCache=function(e){for(var t,n=this.paintCaches=this.paintCaches||[],r=!0,i=0;io.minMbLowQualFrames&&(o.motionBlurPxRatio=o.mbPxRBlurry)),o.clearingMotionBlur&&(o.motionBlurPxRatio=1),o.textureDrawLastFrame&&!h&&(c[o.NODE]=!0,c[o.SELECT_BOX]=!0);var m=l.style(),b=l.zoom(),x=void 0!==i?i:b,w=l.pan(),E={x:w.x,y:w.y},_={zoom:b,pan:{x:w.x,y:w.y}},T=o.prevViewport;void 0===T||_.zoom!==T.zoom||_.pan.x!==T.pan.x||_.pan.y!==T.pan.y||f&&!g||(o.motionBlurPxRatio=1),a&&(E=a),x*=s,E.x*=s,E.y*=s;var D=o.getCachedZSortedEles();function C(e,t,n,r,i){var a=e.globalCompositeOperation;e.globalCompositeOperation="destination-out",o.colorFillStyle(e,255,255,255,o.motionBlurTransparency),e.fillRect(t,n,r,i),e.globalCompositeOperation=a}function N(e,r){var s,l,c,h;o.clearingMotionBlur||e!==u.bufferContexts[o.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE]&&e!==u.bufferContexts[o.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG]?(s=E,l=x,c=o.canvasWidth,h=o.canvasHeight):(s={x:w.x*p,y:w.y*p},l=b*p,c=o.canvasWidth*p,h=o.canvasHeight*p),e.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0),"motionBlur"===r?C(e,0,0,c,h):t||void 0!==r&&!r||e.clearRect(0,0,c,h),n||(e.translate(s.x,s.y),e.scale(l,l)),a&&e.translate(a.x,a.y),i&&e.scale(i,i)}if(h||(o.textureDrawLastFrame=!1),h){if(o.textureDrawLastFrame=!0,!o.textureCache){o.textureCache={},o.textureCache.bb=l.mutableElements().boundingBox(),o.textureCache.texture=o.data.bufferCanvases[o.TEXTURE_BUFFER];var A=o.data.bufferContexts[o.TEXTURE_BUFFER];A.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0),A.clearRect(0,0,o.canvasWidth*o.textureMult,o.canvasHeight*o.textureMult),o.render({forcedContext:A,drawOnlyNodeLayer:!0,forcedPxRatio:s*o.textureMult}),(_=o.textureCache.viewport={zoom:l.zoom(),pan:l.pan(),width:o.canvasWidth,height:o.canvasHeight}).mpan={x:(0-_.pan.x)/_.zoom,y:(0-_.pan.y)/_.zoom}}c[o.DRAG]=!1,c[o.NODE]=!1;var L=u.contexts[o.NODE],k=o.textureCache.texture;_=o.textureCache.viewport;L.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0),d?C(L,0,0,_.width,_.height):L.clearRect(0,0,_.width,_.height);var S=m.core("outside-texture-bg-color").value,I=m.core("outside-texture-bg-opacity").value;o.colorFillStyle(L,S[0],S[1],S[2],I),L.fillRect(0,0,_.width,_.height);b=l.zoom();N(L,!1),L.clearRect(_.mpan.x,_.mpan.y,_.width/_.zoom/s,_.height/_.zoom/s),L.drawImage(k,_.mpan.x,_.mpan.y,_.width/_.zoom/s,_.height/_.zoom/s)}else o.textureOnViewport&&!t&&(o.textureCache=null);var M=l.extent(),O=o.pinching||o.hoverData.dragging||o.swipePanning||o.data.wheelZooming||o.hoverData.draggingEles||o.cy.animated(),P=o.hideEdgesOnViewport&&O,R=[];if(R[o.NODE]=!c[o.NODE]&&d&&!o.clearedForMotionBlur[o.NODE]||o.clearingMotionBlur,R[o.NODE]&&(o.clearedForMotionBlur[o.NODE]=!0),R[o.DRAG]=!c[o.DRAG]&&d&&!o.clearedForMotionBlur[o.DRAG]||o.clearingMotionBlur,R[o.DRAG]&&(o.clearedForMotionBlur[o.DRAG]=!0),c[o.NODE]||n||r||R[o.NODE]){var B=d&&!R[o.NODE]&&1!==p;N(L=t||(B?o.data.bufferContexts[o.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE]:u.contexts[o.NODE]),d&&!B?"motionBlur":void 0),P?o.drawCachedNodes(L,D.nondrag,s,M):o.drawLayeredElements(L,D.nondrag,s,M),o.debug&&o.drawDebugPoints(L,D.nondrag),n||d||(c[o.NODE]=!1)}if(!r&&(c[o.DRAG]||n||R[o.DRAG])){B=d&&!R[o.DRAG]&&1!==p;N(L=t||(B?o.data.bufferContexts[o.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG]:u.contexts[o.DRAG]),d&&!B?"motionBlur":void 0),P?o.drawCachedNodes(L,D.drag,s,M):o.drawCachedElements(L,D.drag,s,M),o.debug&&o.drawDebugPoints(L,D.drag),n||d||(c[o.DRAG]=!1)}if(o.showFps||!r&&c[o.SELECT_BOX]&&!n){if(N(L=t||u.contexts[o.SELECT_BOX]),1==o.selection[4]&&(o.hoverData.selecting||o.touchData.selecting)){b=o.cy.zoom();var F=m.core("selection-box-border-width").value/b;L.lineWidth=F,L.fillStyle="rgba("+m.core("selection-box-color").value[0]+","+m.core("selection-box-color").value[1]+","+m.core("selection-box-color").value[2]+","+m.core("selection-box-opacity").value+")",L.fillRect(o.selection[0],o.selection[1],o.selection[2]-o.selection[0],o.selection[3]-o.selection[1]),F>0&&(L.strokeStyle="rgba("+m.core("selection-box-border-color").value[0]+","+m.core("selection-box-border-color").value[1]+","+m.core("selection-box-border-color").value[2]+","+m.core("selection-box-opacity").value+")",L.strokeRect(o.selection[0],o.selection[1],o.selection[2]-o.selection[0],o.selection[3]-o.selection[1]))}if(u.bgActivePosistion&&!o.hoverData.selecting){b=o.cy.zoom();var z=u.bgActivePosistion;L.fillStyle="rgba("+m.core("active-bg-color").value[0]+","+m.core("active-bg-color").value[1]+","+m.core("active-bg-color").value[2]+","+m.core("active-bg-opacity").value+")",L.beginPath(),L.arc(z.x,z.y,m.core("active-bg-size").pfValue/b,0,2*Math.PI),L.fill()}var G=o.lastRedrawTime;if(o.showFps&&G){G=Math.round(G);var Y=Math.round(1e3/G);L.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0),L.fillStyle="rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75)",L.strokeStyle="rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75)",L.lineWidth=1,L.fillText("1 frame = "+G+" ms = "+Y+" fps",0,20);L.strokeRect(0,30,250,20),L.fillRect(0,30,250*Math.min(Y/60,1),20)}n||(c[o.SELECT_BOX]=!1)}if(d&&1!==p){var X=u.contexts[o.NODE],V=o.data.bufferCanvases[o.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE],U=u.contexts[o.DRAG],j=o.data.bufferCanvases[o.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG],q=function(e,t,n){e.setTransform(1,0,0,1,0,0),n||!y?e.clearRect(0,0,o.canvasWidth,o.canvasHeight):C(e,0,0,o.canvasWidth,o.canvasHeight);var r=p;e.drawImage(t,0,0,o.canvasWidth*r,o.canvasHeight*r,0,0,o.canvasWidth,o.canvasHeight)};(c[o.NODE]||R[o.NODE])&&(q(X,V,R[o.NODE]),c[o.NODE]=!1),(c[o.DRAG]||R[o.DRAG])&&(q(U,j,R[o.DRAG]),c[o.DRAG]=!1)}o.prevViewport=_,o.clearingMotionBlur&&(o.clearingMotionBlur=!1,o.motionBlurCleared=!0,o.motionBlur=!0),d&&(o.motionBlurTimeout=setTimeout((function(){o.motionBlurTimeout=null,o.clearedForMotionBlur[o.NODE]=!1,o.clearedForMotionBlur[o.DRAG]=!1,o.motionBlur=!1,o.clearingMotionBlur=!h,o.mbFrames=0,c[o.NODE]=!0,c[o.DRAG]=!0,o.redraw()}),100)),t||l.emit("render")};for(var Ks={drawPolygonPath:function(e,t,n,r,i,a){var o=r/2,s=i/2;e.beginPath&&e.beginPath(),e.moveTo(t+o*a[0],n+s*a[1]);for(var l=1;l0&&a>0){d.clearRect(0,0,i,a),d.globalCompositeOperation="source-over";var p=this.getCachedZSortedEles();if(e.full)d.translate(-n.x1*l,-n.y1*l),d.scale(l,l),this.drawElements(d,p),d.scale(1/l,1/l),d.translate(n.x1*l,n.y1*l);else{var g=t.pan(),f={x:g.x*l,y:g.y*l};l*=t.zoom(),d.translate(f.x,f.y),d.scale(l,l),this.drawElements(d,p),d.scale(1/l,1/l),d.translate(-f.x,-f.y)}e.bg&&(d.globalCompositeOperation="destination-over",d.fillStyle=e.bg,d.rect(0,0,i,a),d.fill())}return h},rl.png=function(e){return al(e,this.bufferCanvasImage(e),"image/png")},rl.jpg=function(e){return al(e,this.bufferCanvasImage(e),"image/jpeg")};var ol={nodeShapeImpl:function(e,t,n,r,i,a,o){switch(e){case"ellipse":return this.drawEllipsePath(t,n,r,i,a);case"polygon":return this.drawPolygonPath(t,n,r,i,a,o);case"round-polygon":return this.drawRoundPolygonPath(t,n,r,i,a,o);case"roundrectangle":case"round-rectangle":return this.drawRoundRectanglePath(t,n,r,i,a);case"cutrectangle":case"cut-rectangle":return this.drawCutRectanglePath(t,n,r,i,a);case"bottomroundrectangle":case"bottom-round-rectangle":return this.drawBottomRoundRectanglePath(t,n,r,i,a);case"barrel":return this.drawBarrelPath(t,n,r,i,a)}}},sl=ul,ll=ul.prototype;function ul(e){var t=this;t.data={canvases:new Array(ll.CANVAS_LAYERS),contexts:new Array(ll.CANVAS_LAYERS),canvasNeedsRedraw:new Array(ll.CANVAS_LAYERS),bufferCanvases:new Array(ll.BUFFER_COUNT),bufferContexts:new Array(ll.CANVAS_LAYERS)};var n="-webkit-tap-highlight-color",r="rgba(0,0,0,0)";t.data.canvasContainer=document.createElement("div");var i=t.data.canvasContainer.style;t.data.canvasContainer.style[n]=r,i.position="relative",i.zIndex="0",i.overflow="hidden";var a=e.cy.container();a.appendChild(t.data.canvasContainer),a.style[n]=r;var o={"-webkit-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"-moz-none","user-select":"none","-webkit-tap-highlight-color":"rgba(0,0,0,0)","outline-style":"none"};E&&E.userAgent.match(/msie|trident|edge/i)&&(o["-ms-touch-action"]="none",o["touch-action"]="none");for(var s=0;s{e.exports=n(22894)},22894:function(e,t){var n,r,i;(function(){var a,o,s,l,u,c,h,d,p,g,f,v,y,m,b;s=Math.floor,g=Math.min,o=function(e,t){return et?1:0},p=function(e,t,n,r,i){var a;if(null==n&&(n=0),null==i&&(i=o),n<0)throw new Error("lo must be non-negative");for(null==r&&(r=e.length);nn;0<=n?t++:t--)u.push(t);return u}.apply(this).reverse(),l=[],r=0,i=a.length;rf;0<=f?++c:--c)v.push(u(e,n));return v},m=function(e,t,n,r){var i,a,s;for(null==r&&(r=o),i=e[n];n>t&&r(i,a=e[s=n-1>>1])<0;)e[n]=a,n=s;return e[n]=i},b=function(e,t,n){var r,i,a,s,l;for(null==n&&(n=o),i=e.length,l=t,a=e[t],r=2*t+1;rt&&(this.rect.x-=(this.labelWidth-t)/2,this.setWidth(this.labelWidth)),this.labelHeight>n&&("center"==this.labelPos?this.rect.y-=(this.labelHeight-n)/2:"top"==this.labelPos&&(this.rect.y-=this.labelHeight-n),this.setHeight(this.labelHeight))}}},u.prototype.getInclusionTreeDepth=function(){if(this.inclusionTreeDepth==i.MAX_VALUE)throw"assert failed";return this.inclusionTreeDepth},u.prototype.transform=function(e){var t=this.rect.x;t>o.WORLD_BOUNDARY?t=o.WORLD_BOUNDARY:t<-o.WORLD_BOUNDARY&&(t=-o.WORLD_BOUNDARY);var n=this.rect.y;n>o.WORLD_BOUNDARY?n=o.WORLD_BOUNDARY:n<-o.WORLD_BOUNDARY&&(n=-o.WORLD_BOUNDARY);var r=new l(t,n),i=e.inverseTransformPoint(r);this.setLocation(i.x,i.y)},u.prototype.getLeft=function(){return this.rect.x},u.prototype.getRight=function(){return this.rect.x+this.rect.width},u.prototype.getTop=function(){return this.rect.y},u.prototype.getBottom=function(){return this.rect.y+this.rect.height},u.prototype.getParent=function(){return null==this.owner?null:this.owner.getParent()},e.exports=u},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t){null==e&&null==t?(this.x=0,this.y=0):(this.x=e,this.y=t)}r.prototype.getX=function(){return this.x},r.prototype.getY=function(){return this.y},r.prototype.setX=function(e){this.x=e},r.prototype.setY=function(e){this.y=e},r.prototype.getDifference=function(e){return new DimensionD(this.x-e.x,this.y-e.y)},r.prototype.getCopy=function(){return new r(this.x,this.y)},r.prototype.translate=function(e){return this.x+=e.width,this.y+=e.height,this},e.exports=r},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2),i=n(10),a=n(0),o=n(6),s=n(3),l=n(1),u=n(13),c=n(12),h=n(11);function d(e,t,n){r.call(this,n),this.estimatedSize=i.MIN_VALUE,this.margin=a.DEFAULT_GRAPH_MARGIN,this.edges=[],this.nodes=[],this.isConnected=!1,this.parent=e,null!=t&&t instanceof o?this.graphManager=t:null!=t&&t instanceof Layout&&(this.graphManager=t.graphManager)}for(var p in d.prototype=Object.create(r.prototype),r)d[p]=r[p];d.prototype.getNodes=function(){return this.nodes},d.prototype.getEdges=function(){return this.edges},d.prototype.getGraphManager=function(){return this.graphManager},d.prototype.getParent=function(){return this.parent},d.prototype.getLeft=function(){return this.left},d.prototype.getRight=function(){return this.right},d.prototype.getTop=function(){return this.top},d.prototype.getBottom=function(){return this.bottom},d.prototype.isConnected=function(){return this.isConnected},d.prototype.add=function(e,t,n){if(null==t&&null==n){var r=e;if(null==this.graphManager)throw"Graph has no graph mgr!";if(this.getNodes().indexOf(r)>-1)throw"Node already in graph!";return r.owner=this,this.getNodes().push(r),r}var i=e;if(!(this.getNodes().indexOf(t)>-1&&this.getNodes().indexOf(n)>-1))throw"Source or target not in graph!";if(t.owner!=n.owner||t.owner!=this)throw"Both owners must be this graph!";return t.owner!=n.owner?null:(i.source=t,i.target=n,i.isInterGraph=!1,this.getEdges().push(i),t.edges.push(i),n!=t&&n.edges.push(i),i)},d.prototype.remove=function(e){var t=e;if(e instanceof s){if(null==t)throw"Node is null!";if(null==t.owner||t.owner!=this)throw"Owner graph is invalid!";if(null==this.graphManager)throw"Owner graph manager is invalid!";for(var n=t.edges.slice(),r=n.length,i=0;i-1&&c>-1))throw"Source and/or target doesn't know this edge!";if(a.source.edges.splice(u,1),a.target!=a.source&&a.target.edges.splice(c,1),-1==(o=a.source.owner.getEdges().indexOf(a)))throw"Not in owner's edge list!";a.source.owner.getEdges().splice(o,1)}},d.prototype.updateLeftTop=function(){for(var e,t,n,r=i.MAX_VALUE,a=i.MAX_VALUE,o=this.getNodes(),s=o.length,l=0;l(e=u.getTop())&&(r=e),a>(t=u.getLeft())&&(a=t)}return r==i.MAX_VALUE?null:(n=null!=o[0].getParent().paddingLeft?o[0].getParent().paddingLeft:this.margin,this.left=a-n,this.top=r-n,new c(this.left,this.top))},d.prototype.updateBounds=function(e){for(var t,n,r,a,o,s=i.MAX_VALUE,l=-i.MAX_VALUE,c=i.MAX_VALUE,h=-i.MAX_VALUE,d=this.nodes,p=d.length,g=0;g(t=f.getLeft())&&(s=t),l<(n=f.getRight())&&(l=n),c>(r=f.getTop())&&(c=r),h<(a=f.getBottom())&&(h=a)}var v=new u(s,c,l-s,h-c);s==i.MAX_VALUE&&(this.left=this.parent.getLeft(),this.right=this.parent.getRight(),this.top=this.parent.getTop(),this.bottom=this.parent.getBottom()),o=null!=d[0].getParent().paddingLeft?d[0].getParent().paddingLeft:this.margin,this.left=v.x-o,this.right=v.x+v.width+o,this.top=v.y-o,this.bottom=v.y+v.height+o},d.calculateBounds=function(e){for(var t,n,r,a,o=i.MAX_VALUE,s=-i.MAX_VALUE,l=i.MAX_VALUE,c=-i.MAX_VALUE,h=e.length,d=0;d(t=p.getLeft())&&(o=t),s<(n=p.getRight())&&(s=n),l>(r=p.getTop())&&(l=r),c<(a=p.getBottom())&&(c=a)}return new u(o,l,s-o,c-l)},d.prototype.getInclusionTreeDepth=function(){return this==this.graphManager.getRoot()?1:this.parent.getInclusionTreeDepth()},d.prototype.getEstimatedSize=function(){if(this.estimatedSize==i.MIN_VALUE)throw"assert failed";return this.estimatedSize},d.prototype.calcEstimatedSize=function(){for(var e=0,t=this.nodes,n=t.length,r=0;r=this.nodes.length){var l=0;i.forEach((function(t){t.owner==e&&l++})),l==this.nodes.length&&(this.isConnected=!0)}}else this.isConnected=!0},e.exports=d},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r,i=n(1);function a(e){r=n(5),this.layout=e,this.graphs=[],this.edges=[]}a.prototype.addRoot=function(){var e=this.layout.newGraph(),t=this.layout.newNode(null),n=this.add(e,t);return this.setRootGraph(n),this.rootGraph},a.prototype.add=function(e,t,n,r,i){if(null==n&&null==r&&null==i){if(null==e)throw"Graph is null!";if(null==t)throw"Parent node is null!";if(this.graphs.indexOf(e)>-1)throw"Graph already in this graph mgr!";if(this.graphs.push(e),null!=e.parent)throw"Already has a parent!";if(null!=t.child)throw"Already has a child!";return e.parent=t,t.child=e,e}i=n,n=e;var a=(r=t).getOwner(),o=i.getOwner();if(null==a||a.getGraphManager()!=this)throw"Source not in this graph mgr!";if(null==o||o.getGraphManager()!=this)throw"Target not in this graph mgr!";if(a==o)return n.isInterGraph=!1,a.add(n,r,i);if(n.isInterGraph=!0,n.source=r,n.target=i,this.edges.indexOf(n)>-1)throw"Edge already in inter-graph edge list!";if(this.edges.push(n),null==n.source||null==n.target)throw"Edge source and/or target is null!";if(-1!=n.source.edges.indexOf(n)||-1!=n.target.edges.indexOf(n))throw"Edge already in source and/or target incidency list!";return n.source.edges.push(n),n.target.edges.push(n),n},a.prototype.remove=function(e){if(e instanceof r){var t=e;if(t.getGraphManager()!=this)throw"Graph not in this graph mgr";if(t!=this.rootGraph&&(null==t.parent||t.parent.graphManager!=this))throw"Invalid parent node!";for(var 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To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. 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It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conceptual-overview"},"Conceptual Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n value: Variable, // the default namespace would be "value"\n module: Module\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Module {\n secret: Variable // the default namespace would be "module_secret"\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Odra generates an array of keys, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace, like in the example above. But what if you want to reuse the same instance of a module? Add a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(using)]"),' attribute to a module to override the default behavior. This is information for the module "Do not prefix storage keys for the given module." so effectively, the child and the parent use the same module instance.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's illustrate it with a simple example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct SharedStorage {\n pub value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyStorage {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub version: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ComposableContract {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n #[odra(using = "shared")]\n pub storage: MyStorage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ComposableContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String) {\n self.storage.version.set(version);\n self.shared.value.set(value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {\n self.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {\n self.storage.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn t() {\n let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();\n let extra_value: u32 = 314;\n let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);\n\n assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we've introduced a new module, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", which nests ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyStorage")," and includes an extra value. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ComplexContract")," contains ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SharedStorage")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the contract level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_shared_value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MyStorage")," module level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_more_storage_shared_value"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This example showcases how you can effectively use the module reusing feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/13ab0148.1e22ac78.js b/docs/assets/js/13ab0148.1e22ac78.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6801e8397 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/13ab0148.1e22ac78.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[20523],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var c=n.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=n.useContext(c),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return n.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(r),f=o,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||a;return r?n.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},i="Odra framework",s={unversionedId:"intro",id:"version-0.3.1/intro",title:"Odra framework",description:"Odra Docs",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/intro.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:0,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",next:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/getting-started"}},c={image:r(59236).Z},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra framework"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open\nsource."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it\nby abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system,\nstorage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization\nto the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this\necosystem."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),"\nto find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},59236:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1416c8f4.c1dfbbd3.js b/docs/assets/js/1416c8f4.c1dfbbd3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17a2bb490 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1416c8f4.c1dfbbd3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[28700],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=o,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],u={toc:d};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow minting tokens but only the module owner."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::types::{Address, Balance}\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L11")," - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-L16")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L52")," - The same we do with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L61")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/14355e8c.7cb7d1ac.js b/docs/assets/js/14355e8c.7cb7d1ac.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20d023b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/14355e8c.7cb7d1ac.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[76693],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=a,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"Test env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Deployer",id:"deployer",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},'use odra::{Variable, List};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::DogContract3Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(module)]")," macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the\nVM:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},'let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test env"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::TestingContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_env() {\n let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert!(creator != creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::test_env::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/145548d1.2d24085b.js b/docs/assets/js/145548d1.2d24085b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7823cf2d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/145548d1.2d24085b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[1615],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=d(n),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return n?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.8.1/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining a constructor,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Var>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4")," - Firstly, we need to create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]")," attribute to it. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," is a type that will be defined later."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Event, OdraError};\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(Some(owner));\n \n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an Odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23-26")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," derive macro is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L12")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::revert()")," function with an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized")," argument. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L28-L32")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16")," - Finally, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::emit_event()")," passing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));\n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n });\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get_or_default() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n NotOwner = 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7,L31")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also, we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum by adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::caller()")," function. Then we update the state and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L21,L33")," - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," function returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"owner")," is of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option
")," the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," would return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option>"),", we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get_or_default()")," instead.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};\n\n fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {\n let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {\n owner: env.get_account(0)\n };\n (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n \n env.set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n\n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n assert_eq!(\n ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), \n Err(Error::NotOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()"),", which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7-L11")," - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),". Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute implements a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableInitArgs")," that we pass as the second argument of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - It is time to define the first test. 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This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. 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It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Variable\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\n\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n strings: Mapping>>,\n tokens: Mapping>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn set_token(\n &mut self,\n key1: String,\n key2: u32,\n key3: String,\n token_name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n symbol: String,\n initial_supply: &U256\n ) {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);\n mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> U256 {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .total_supply()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Instead of using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()"),", which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()")," calls is required."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To keep the codebase consistent, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"map!")," macro can be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/mapping.rs"'},"...\n\npub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);\n}\n\npub fn get_string_macro(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n) -> String {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n my_sequence: Sequence,\n my_mapping: Mapping>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/16c5018d.6ba1e1a0.js b/docs/assets/js/16c5018d.6ba1e1a0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9693e33c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/16c5018d.6ba1e1a0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[34437],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[r]=e[r]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(a[r]=e[r])}return a}var s=n.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=d(r),m=a,b=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return r?n.createElement(b,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(b,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},i="Directory structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},d=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"bin/",id:"bin",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 rust-toolchain\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin/\n| |\u2500\u2500 build_contract.rs\n| \u2514\u2500\u2500 build_schema.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-test")," is also\nadded as a dev dependency."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"bin"},"bin/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live.\nYou don't need to modify those files, they are generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command and\nare used by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra schema")," commands."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/17498f44.7f7ba661.js b/docs/assets/js/17498f44.7f7ba661.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8469f1abd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/17498f44.7f7ba661.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[19828],{8173:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Migrations","description":"How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.","slug":"/category/migrations","permalink":"/docs/next/category/migrations","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","permalink":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper"},"next":{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","permalink":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/175a5a59.a325bdf1.js b/docs/assets/js/175a5a59.a325bdf1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..653da1a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/175a5a59.a325bdf1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63024],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.8.1/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm"},next:{title:"Livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet"}},l={},p=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Deploying a contract to Casper network",id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard"),", thankfully you can derive them using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[derive(Event)]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance,\nyou call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_balance()"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network"},"Deploying a contract to Casper network"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain.\nYou can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool\nor using the Odra's Livenet integration."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's explore the first option to better understand the process."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it.\nEvery contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When working with the test env via ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," or when using\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration")," this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," directly, you have to pass them manually:"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.1/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.1/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.1/odra-casper/test-vm/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff 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Released",authors:["kubaplas","kpob","zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},i=void 0,s={permalink:"/blog/release-020",source:"@site/blog/2022-11-30-release-020/index.md",title:"Odra 0.2.0 Released",description:"We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!",date:"2022-11-30T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"November 30, 2022",tags:[],readingTime:3.07,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Kuba P\u0142askonka",title:"Lead Developer",url:"https://github.com/kubaplas",key:"kubaplas"},{name:"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn",title:"Lead Developer",url:"https://github.com/kpob",key:"kpob"},{name:"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski",title:"CTO",url:"https://github.com/zie1ony",key:"zie1ony"}],frontMatter:{slug:"release-020",title:"Odra 0.2.0 Released",authors:["kubaplas","kpob","zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},prevItem:{title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",permalink:"/blog/casper-zk-risc0"}},l={authorsImageUrls:[void 0,void 0,void 0]},c=[{value:"A bit of history",id:"a-bit-of-history",level:2},{value:"Odra for Casper",id:"odra-for-casper",level:2},{value:"Odra Framework",id:"odra-framework",level:2},{value:"What next",id:"what-next",level:2},{value:"Join us",id:"join-us",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...o}=e;return(0,n.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,o,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!"),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"a-bit-of-history"},"A bit of history"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"More than a year ago Maciej Zieli\u0144ski resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casperlabs.io"},"CasperLabs"),".\nAlong with Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn and Kuba P\u0142askonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Looking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes.\nThe first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now.\nIt has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling.\nWhenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols.\nFascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain.\nThe second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly.\nHere developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near.\nThe code written for one platform is not portable.\nThe network effect never had a chance to arise."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'The main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability.\nWe could paraphrase a bit and say:\n"One to bring them all and in the code bind them."'),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-for-casper"},"Odra for Casper"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper.\nIn comparison to ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-contract"},"casper-contract")," API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level.\nThe Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/ink_lang"},"Ink"),", or ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/near-sdk"},"Near")," will feel like at home.\nWe hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra Framework"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.\nBuilt by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.\nIt's free and open source."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains. 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"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct NonReentrantCounter {\n counter: Var\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n #[odra(non_reentrant)]\n pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {\n if n > 0 {\n self.count();\n ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n fn count(&mut self) {\n let c = self.counter.get_or_default();\n self.counter.set(c + 1);\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};\n\n #[test]\n fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);\n assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/181ab02d.a47d9657.js b/docs/assets/js/181ab02d.a47d9657.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2667ca873 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/181ab02d.a47d9657.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[8099],{89891:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/192dc956.412c3489.js b/docs/assets/js/192dc956.412c3489.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cbc293eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/192dc956.412c3489.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[81133],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=a,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||s;return t?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=t.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=p;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.8.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced storage using key-value pairs,"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),","),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced event assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It is designed to store the following data:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Balances of individual users."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Odra does not allows nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::Event;\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n \n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8-L14")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L34-L43")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint")," function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," uses the notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(address, *amount);"),", which is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;\n\nlet current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = ::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\nself.balances.set(address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers title=erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0,title:"erc20.rs"},"...\nuse odra::OdraError;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InsufficientAllowance = 2,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, recipient, spender) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n ));\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n env.set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n // Given a new instance.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the spender\'s allowance is zero.\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n // Then transfer fails.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L146")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1999a842.96b6056c.js b/docs/assets/js/1999a842.96b6056c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fb1273da --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1999a842.96b6056c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[40427],{89813:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Attributes","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1b34e22f.e8e90041.js b/docs/assets/js/1b34e22f.e8e90041.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78e952cc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1b34e22f.e8e90041.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73785],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(a),g=r,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||o;return a?n.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(m,l({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.2.0/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my-project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, to do so\nwe need to add a new backend. Let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra backend add -p casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now we can run the tests against it:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1b36f1ff.bdb158a2.js b/docs/assets/js/1b36f1ff.bdb158a2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bdcd5295 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1b36f1ff.bdb158a2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[38602],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),f=a,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||d[f]||p[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},u))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Attributes",i={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-1.0.0/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/advanced/03-attributes.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/attributes",permalink:"/docs/advanced/attributes",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage"},next:{title:"Storage Layout",permalink:"/docs/advanced/storage-layout"}},s={},c=[{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:3},{value:"Non Reentrant",id:"non-reentrant",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-1",level:3},{value:"Mixing attributes",id:"mixing-attributes",level:2}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"attributes"},"Attributes"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that\nallows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner.\nThese are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env()\n .emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct NonReentrantCounter {\n counter: Var\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n #[odra(non_reentrant)]\n pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {\n if n > 0 {\n self.count();\n ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n fn count(&mut self) {\n let c = self.counter.get_or_default();\n self.counter.set(c + 1);\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};\n\n #[test]\n fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);\n assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1bc92503.619287f3.js b/docs/assets/js/1bc92503.619287f3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18509b5af --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1bc92503.619287f3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[65010],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper Contract Schema",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Loading the contract",id:"loading-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\n MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To perform a cross-contact call, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostRef")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article - a host side reference to already deployed contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the module context we use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractRef")," instead, to call other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," is generated automatically,\nby the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc, address: Address)"),", as shown above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address()")," function, which returns the address of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderContractRef")," struct (and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderHostRef")," to be used in tests, but do not implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer")," trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"loading-the-contract"},"Loading the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test\nour contracts in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet"},"Livenet")," backend. We can load the contract using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"load")," method on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"',title:'"examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"'},'fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {\n let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n ::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_cross_calls() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(\n &test_env,\n CrossContractInitArgs {\n math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()\n }\n );\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. 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The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/advanced/01-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256,\n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256, \n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule,\n exchange: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1d854f2b.7ee594a4.js b/docs/assets/js/1d854f2b.7ee594a4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4db25663c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1d854f2b.7ee594a4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[53230],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},c=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=p(a),m=r,f=c["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||d[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=c;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Var",id:"var",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"var"},"Var"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Var,\n weight: Var,\n name: Var,\n walks: Var>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Var,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Var working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{List, Var};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Var\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Var,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/features/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1dd27823.0ecd9d7e.js b/docs/assets/js/1dd27823.0ecd9d7e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..624a8eb74 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1dd27823.0ecd9d7e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[31529],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),d=o,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||p[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Var,\n created_at: Var,\n created_by: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()"),". It is an implementation of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/module/trait.Module.html#tymehtod.env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Module::env()")),", autogenerated\nby ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The function returns a reference to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/struct.ContractEnv.html"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," (you can read more in\nthe ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Backend section")),"). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we use two of them:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_block_time()")," - returns the current block time as u64. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller()")," - returns an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1e877671.1c98356b.js b/docs/assets/js/1e877671.1c98356b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aafeb865 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1e877671.1c98356b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37139],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=a,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||o;return t?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=c;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{t.d(n,{Z:()=>s});var r=t(67294),a=t(86010);const o="tabItem_Ymn6";function s(e){let{children:n,hidden:t,className:s}=e;return r.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,a.Z)(o,s),hidden:t},n)}},74866:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>y});var r=t(87462),a=t(67294),o=t(86010),s=t(12466),l=t(16550),i=t(91980),d=t(67392),u=t(50012);function p(e){return function(e){return a.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,a.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}=e;return{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}))}function c(e){const{values:n,children:t}=e;return(0,a.useMemo)((()=>{const e=n??p(t);return function(e){const n=(0,d.l)(e,((e,n)=>e.value===n.value));if(n.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${n.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Cargo.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"There a bunch of changes in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"features")," section and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"default-features")," flag from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra")," dependency."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Register bins you added in the previous step."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev-dependencies")," section with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra-test")," crate."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add recommended profiles for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"release")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev")," to optimize the build process.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Below you can compare the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:"),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.7.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-odratoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Odra.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file has been simplified. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," property is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"23-update-smart-contracts"},"2.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Smart Contracts")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Some type aliases are no longer in use.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::U512"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"EventData")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files"},"2.3.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Consider import ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::prelude::*")," in your module files.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings"},"2.3.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Flatten nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"Mapping"),"s.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// Before\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n// After\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"235-update-errors-definitions"},"2.3.5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update errors definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"236-update-events-definitions"},"2.3.6. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update events definitions.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
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,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nuse odra::types::event::OdraEvent;\n\nTransfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n}.emit();\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules"},"2.3.7. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"contract_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"self.env()")," in your modules.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()")," is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),". The API is similar to the previous ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env")," but with some changes."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_var(key: &[u8]) -> Option")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_value(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_var(key: &[u8], value: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_value(&self, key: &[u8], value: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_dict_value()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_dict_value()")," has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," type, internally using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_var()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_var()")," functions. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash>(input: T) -> Vec")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(error: E) -> !")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(&self, error: E) -> !"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(event: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(&self, event: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option) -> T")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"native_token_metadata()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"one_token()")," have been removed.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet"},"2.3.8. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Wrap submodules of your module with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::SubModule"),".")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: SubModule,\n metadata: SubModule,\n ownable: SubModule\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: Erc721Base,\n metadata: Erc721MetadataExtension,\n ownable: Ownable\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"239-update-external-contract-calls"},"2.3.9. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update external contract calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref"),") and you can call it using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address)")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref::at()"),")."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenRef::at(token).balance_of(account)\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2310-update-constructors"},"2.3.10. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update constructors.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::init]")," attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls"},"2.3.11. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"UnwrapOrRevert")," calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," now require ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&HostEnv")," as the first parameter."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition"},"2.3.12. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"#[odra(using)]")," attribute from your module definition.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"24-update-tests"},"2.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Tests")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"241-contract-deployment"},"2.4.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Contract deployment.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The way you deploy a contract has changed:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args)")," instead of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}Deployer::init()"),". The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),", required by the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableHostRef;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)\n\n// A contract with init args\nuse super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n};\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableDeployer;\n\nlet ownable = OwnableDeployer::init();\n\n// A contract with init args\nlet erc20 = Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"242-host-interactions"},"2.4.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Host interactions.")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The API of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()")," are similar, but there are some differences:",(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.advance_block_time(u64)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::token_balance(Address)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.balance_of(&Address)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::total_gas_used(Address)"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::gas_report()")," have been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef::last_call()")," and extract the data from a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::ContractCallResult")," instance. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef")," is a trait implemented by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),".")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios"},"2.4.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing failing scenarios.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," has been removed. You should use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix to call the function and then assert the result.\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult"))," type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount)\n });\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"244-testing-events"},"2.4.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing events.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," macro has been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::emitted_event()")," to assert the emitted events.\nThe new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation to explore the available options."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n...\n\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n));\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n));\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let erc20 = Erc20HostDeployer::init(&env, ...);\n\n...\n\nassert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs\n };\n use odra::{\n casper_types::U256,\n host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},\n prelude::*\n };\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::string::String;\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address, U256},\n Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert, Variable\n};\n\nuse self::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer}\n};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: &Option\n ) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = *initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .subtract(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::types::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n use odra::Event;\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::execution_error;\n\n execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref\n };\n use odra::prelude::string::ToString;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::casper_types::U256};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = test_env::get_account(0);\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/1f63a7a5.d372f3bd.js b/docs/assets/js/1f63a7a5.d372f3bd.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f6ed3936 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/1f63a7a5.d372f3bd.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[55914],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(t),m=a,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.2.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},c=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), Balance>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra does not allow nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, but you can overcome it using a tuple as a key.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: Balance) {\n self.balances.add(&address, amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(address),\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, spender), amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(&owner, owner_balance - amount);\n self.balances.add(&recipient, amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: Address, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n let key = (owner, spender);\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&key);\n if allowance < amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.set(&key, allowance - amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: allowance - amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // If we don\'t create a new ref, an error occurs:\n // cannot borrow `erc20` as mutable, as it is a captured variable \n // in a `Fn` closure cannot borrow as mutable\n let mut erc20 = Erc20Ref::at(erc20.address());\n erc20.transfer(recipient, amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(spender, approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(owner, spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n // If we don\'t create a new ref, an error occurs:\n // cannot borrow `erc20` as mutable, as it is a captured variable \n // in a `Fn` closure cannot borrow as mutable\n let mut erc20 = Erc20Ref::at(erc20.address());\n erc20.transfer_from(owner, spender, amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/2033cf69.7fc7f3bc.js b/docs/assets/js/2033cf69.7fc7f3bc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbf72c828 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/2033cf69.7fc7f3bc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[67808],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,g=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.9.1/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},p=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-unknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --locked\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new folder called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src")," directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/208794bf.72cd6324.js b/docs/assets/js/208794bf.72cd6324.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2448706eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/208794bf.72cd6324.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11172],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>g});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var p=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=a.useContext(p),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},l=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return a.createElement(p.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(t),g=r,m=u["".concat(p,".").concat(g)]||u[g]||d[g]||i;return t?a.createElement(m,o(o({ref:n},l),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(m,o({ref:n},l))}));function g(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=u;var s={};for(var p in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,p)&&(s[p]=n[p]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={},o="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/advanced/03-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes"}},p={},c=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],l={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},l,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),": A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Variable\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\n\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n strings: Mapping>>,\n tokens: Mapping>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn set_token(\n &mut self,\n key1: String,\n key2: u32,\n key3: String,\n token_name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n symbol: String,\n initial_supply: &U256\n ) {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);\n mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> U256 {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .total_supply()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Instead of using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()"),", which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()")," calls is required."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To keep the codebase consistent, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"map!")," macro can be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/mapping.rs"'},"...\n\npub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);\n}\n\npub fn get_string_macro(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n) -> String {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n my_sequence: Sequence,\n my_mapping: Mapping>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/209.7bb508af.js b/docs/assets/js/209.7bb508af.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc36d56c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/209.7bb508af.js @@ -0,0 +1,7344 @@ +exports.id = 209; +exports.ids = [209]; +exports.modules = { + +/***/ 17295: +/***/ ((module) => { + +(function(f){if(true){module.exports=f()}else { var g; }})(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function(){function r(e,n,t){function o(i,f){if(!n[i]){if(!e[i]){var c=undefined;if(!f&&c)return require(i,!0);if(u)return u(i,!0);var a=new Error("Cannot find module '"+i+"'");throw a.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",a}var p=n[i]={exports:{}};e[i][0].call(p.exports,function(r){var n=e[i][1][r];return o(n||r)},p,p.exports,r,e,n,t)}return n[i].exports}for(var u=undefined,i=0;i 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {}, + _ref$defaultLayoutOpt = _ref.defaultLayoutOptions, + defaultLayoutOptions = _ref$defaultLayoutOpt === undefined ? {} : _ref$defaultLayoutOpt, + _ref$algorithms = _ref.algorithms, + algorithms = _ref$algorithms === undefined ? ['layered', 'stress', 'mrtree', 'radial', 'force', 'disco', 'sporeOverlap', 'sporeCompaction', 'rectpacking'] : _ref$algorithms, + workerFactory = _ref.workerFactory, + workerUrl = _ref.workerUrl; + + _classCallCheck(this, ELK); + + this.defaultLayoutOptions = defaultLayoutOptions; + this.initialized = false; + + // check valid worker construction possible + if (typeof workerUrl === 'undefined' && typeof workerFactory === 'undefined') { + throw new Error("Cannot construct an ELK without both 'workerUrl' and 'workerFactory'."); + } + var factory = workerFactory; + if (typeof workerUrl !== 'undefined' && typeof workerFactory === 'undefined') { + // use default Web Worker + factory = function factory(url) { + return new Worker(url); + }; + } + + // create the worker + var worker = factory(workerUrl); + if (typeof worker.postMessage !== 'function') { + throw new TypeError("Created worker does not provide" + " the required 'postMessage' function."); + } + + // wrap the worker to return promises + this.worker = new PromisedWorker(worker); + + // initially register algorithms + this.worker.postMessage({ + cmd: 'register', + algorithms: algorithms + }).then(function (r) { + return _this.initialized = true; + }).catch(console.err); + } + + _createClass(ELK, [{ + key: 'layout', + value: function layout(graph) { + var _ref2 = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {}, + _ref2$layoutOptions = _ref2.layoutOptions, + layoutOptions = _ref2$layoutOptions === undefined ? this.defaultLayoutOptions : _ref2$layoutOptions, + _ref2$logging = _ref2.logging, + logging = _ref2$logging === undefined ? false : _ref2$logging, + _ref2$measureExecutio = _ref2.measureExecutionTime, + measureExecutionTime = _ref2$measureExecutio === undefined ? false : _ref2$measureExecutio; + + if (!graph) { + return Promise.reject(new Error("Missing mandatory parameter 'graph'.")); + } + return this.worker.postMessage({ + cmd: 'layout', + graph: graph, + layoutOptions: layoutOptions, + options: { + logging: logging, + measureExecutionTime: measureExecutionTime + } + }); + } + }, { + key: 'knownLayoutAlgorithms', + value: function knownLayoutAlgorithms() { + return this.worker.postMessage({ cmd: 'algorithms' }); + } + }, { + key: 'knownLayoutOptions', + value: function knownLayoutOptions() { + return this.worker.postMessage({ cmd: 'options' }); + } + }, { + key: 'knownLayoutCategories', + value: function knownLayoutCategories() { + return this.worker.postMessage({ cmd: 'categories' }); + } + }, { + key: 'terminateWorker', + value: function terminateWorker() { + this.worker.terminate(); + } + }]); + + return ELK; +}(); + +exports.default = ELK; + +var PromisedWorker = function () { + function PromisedWorker(worker) { + var _this2 = this; + + _classCallCheck(this, PromisedWorker); + + if (worker === undefined) { + throw new Error("Missing mandatory parameter 'worker'."); + } + this.resolvers = {}; + this.worker = worker; + this.worker.onmessage = function (answer) { + // why is this necessary? + setTimeout(function () { + _this2.receive(_this2, answer); + }, 0); + }; + } + + _createClass(PromisedWorker, [{ + key: 'postMessage', + value: function postMessage(msg) { + var id = this.id || 0; + this.id = id + 1; + msg.id = id; + var self = this; + return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + // prepare the resolver + self.resolvers[id] = function (err, res) { + if (err) { + self.convertGwtStyleError(err); + reject(err); + } else { + resolve(res); + } + }; + // post the message + self.worker.postMessage(msg); + }); + } + }, { + key: 'receive', + value: function receive(self, answer) { + var json = answer.data; + var resolver = self.resolvers[json.id]; + if (resolver) { + delete self.resolvers[json.id]; + if (json.error) { + resolver(json.error); + } else { + resolver(null, json.data); + } + } + } + }, { + key: 'terminate', + value: function terminate() { + if (this.worker.terminate) { + this.worker.terminate(); + } + } + }, { + key: 'convertGwtStyleError', + value: function convertGwtStyleError(err) { + if (!err) { + return; + } + // Somewhat flatten the way GWT stores nested exception(s) + var javaException = err['__java$exception']; + if (javaException) { + // Note that the property name of the nested exception is different + // in the non-minified ('cause') and the minified (not deterministic) version. + // Hence, the version below only works for the non-minified version. + // However, as the minified stack trace is not of much use anyway, one + // should switch the used version for debugging in such a case. + if (javaException.cause && javaException.cause.backingJsObject) { + err.cause = javaException.cause.backingJsObject; + this.convertGwtStyleError(err.cause); + } + delete err['__java$exception']; + } + } + }]); + + return PromisedWorker; +}(); +},{}],2:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (global){(function (){ +'use strict'; + +// -------------- FAKE ELEMENTS GWT ASSUMES EXIST -------------- 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pNd(a){PD(a.a)===PD((NKd(),MKd))&&qNd(a);return a.a} +function by(a){this.a=BD(Qb(a),271);this.b=(mmb(),new Zob(a))} +function bQc(a,b){$Pc(this,new f7c(a.a,a.b));_Pc(this,Ru(b))} +function FQc(){FQc=ccb;DQc=new GQc(jle,0);EQc=new GQc(kle,1)} +function YLc(){YLc=ccb;XLc=new ZLc(kle,0);WLc=new ZLc(jle,1)} +function Hp(){Gp.call(this,new Mqb(Cv(12)));Lb(true);this.a=2} +function Hge(a,b,c){wfe();xfe.call(this,a);this.b=b;this.a=c} +function cWd(a,b,c){UVd();VVd.call(this,b);this.a=a;this.b=c} +function aIb(a){$Gb.call(this);THb(this);this.a=a;this.c=true} +function isb(a){var b;b=a.c.d.b;a.b=b;a.a=a.c.d;b.a=a.c.d.b=a} +function $Cb(a){var b;NGb(a.a);MGb(a.a);b=new YGb(a.a);UGb(b)} +function iKb(a,b){hKb(a,true);Hkb(a.e.wf(),new mKb(a,true,b))} +function tlb(a,b){pCb(b);return vlb(a,KC(WD,oje,25,b,15,1),b)} +function YPb(a,b){QPb();return a==Xod(jtd(b))||a==Xod(ltd(b))} +function Phb(a,b){return b==null?Wd(irb(a.f,null)):Crb(a.g,b)} +function Ksb(a){return a.b==0?null:(sCb(a.b!=0),Nsb(a,a.a.a))} +function QD(a){return Math.max(Math.min(a,Ohe),-2147483648)|0} +function uz(a,b){var c=tz[a.charCodeAt(0)];return c==null?a:c} +function Cx(a,b){Rb(a,'set1');Rb(b,'set2');return new Px(a,b)} +function QUb(a,b){var c;c=zUb(a.f,b);return P6c(V6c(c),a.f.d)} +function Jwb(a,b){var c,d;c=b;d=new fxb;Lwb(a,c,d);return d.d} +function NJb(a,b,c,d){var e;e=new aHb;b.a[c.g]=e;Npb(a.b,d,e)} +function zid(a,b,c){var d;d=a.Yg(b);d>=0?a.sh(d,c):uid(a,b,c)} +function hvd(a,b,c){evd();!!a&&Rhb(dvd,a,b);!!a&&Rhb(cvd,a,c)} +function g_c(a,b,c){this.i=new Rkb;this.b=a;this.g=b;this.a=c} +function VZc(a,b,c){this.c=new Rkb;this.e=a;this.f=b;this.b=c} +function b$c(a,b,c){this.a=new Rkb;this.e=a;this.f=b;this.c=c} +function Zy(a,b){Py(this);this.f=b;this.g=a;Ry(this);this._d()} +function ZA(a,b){var c;c=a.q.getHours();a.q.setDate(b);YA(a,c)} +function no(a,b){var c;Qb(b);for(c=a.a;c;c=c.c){b.Od(c.g,c.i)}} +function Fx(a){var b;b=new Uqb(Cv(a.length));nmb(b,a);return b} +function ecb(a){function b(){} +;b.prototype=a||{};return new b} +function dkb(a,b){if(Zjb(a,b)){wkb(a);return true}return false} +function aC(a,b){if(b==null){throw vbb(new Geb)}return bC(a,b)} +function tdb(a){if(a.qe()){return null}var b=a.n;return _bb[b]} +function Mld(a){if(a.Db>>16!=3)return null;return BD(a.Cb,33)} +function mpd(a){if(a.Db>>16!=9)return null;return BD(a.Cb,33)} +function fmd(a){if(a.Db>>16!=6)return null;return BD(a.Cb,79)} +function Ind(a){if(a.Db>>16!=7)return null;return BD(a.Cb,235)} +function Fod(a){if(a.Db>>16!=7)return null;return BD(a.Cb,160)} +function Xod(a){if(a.Db>>16!=11)return null;return BD(a.Cb,33)} +function nid(a,b){var c;c=a.Yg(b);return c>=0?a.lh(c):tid(a,b)} +function Dtd(a,b){var c;c=new Bsb(b);Ve(c,a);return new Tkb(c)} +function Uud(a){var b;b=a.d;b=a.si(a.f);wtd(a,b);return b.Ob()} +function t_b(a,b){a.b+=b.b;a.c+=b.c;a.d+=b.d;a.a+=b.a;return a} +function A4b(a,b){return $wnd.Math.abs(a)<$wnd.Math.abs(b)?a:b} +function Zod(a){return !a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a.i>0} +function oDb(){this.a=new zsb;this.e=new Tqb;this.g=0;this.i=0} +function BGc(a){this.a=a;this.b=KC(SX,nie,1944,a.e.length,0,2)} +function RHc(a,b,c){var d;d=SHc(a,b,c);a.b=new BHc(d.c.length)} +function eMc(){eMc=ccb;cMc=new fMc(vle,0);dMc=new fMc('UP',1)} +function STc(){STc=ccb;QTc=new TTc(Yqe,0);RTc=new TTc('FAN',1)} +function evd(){evd=ccb;dvd=new Lqb;cvd=new Lqb;ivd(hK,new jvd)} +function Swd(a){if(a.p!=0)throw vbb(new Ydb);return Kbb(a.f,0)} +function _wd(a){if(a.p!=0)throw vbb(new Ydb);return Kbb(a.k,0)} +function MHd(a){if(a.Db>>16!=3)return null;return BD(a.Cb,147)} +function ZJd(a){if(a.Db>>16!=6)return null;return BD(a.Cb,235)} +function WId(a){if(a.Db>>16!=17)return null;return BD(a.Cb,26)} +function rdb(a,b){var c=a.a=a.a||[];return c[b]||(c[b]=a.le(b))} +function hrb(a,b){var c;c=a.a.get(b);return c==null?new Array:c} +function aB(a,b){var c;c=a.q.getHours();a.q.setMonth(b);YA(a,c)} +function Shb(a,b,c){return b==null?jrb(a.f,null,c):Drb(a.g,b,c)} +function FLd(a,b,c,d,e,f){return new pSd(a.e,b,a.aj(),c,d,e,f)} +function Tfb(a,b,c){a.a=qfb(a.a,0,b)+(''+c)+pfb(a.a,b);return a} +function bq(a,b,c){Ekb(a.a,(Vm(),Wj(b,c),new Wo(b,c)));return a} +function uu(a){ot(a.c);a.e=a.a=a.c;a.c=a.c.c;++a.d;return a.a.f} +function vu(a){ot(a.e);a.c=a.a=a.e;a.e=a.e.e;--a.d;return a.a.f} +function RZb(a,b){!!a.d&&Lkb(a.d.e,a);a.d=b;!!a.d&&Ekb(a.d.e,a)} +function QZb(a,b){!!a.c&&Lkb(a.c.g,a);a.c=b;!!a.c&&Ekb(a.c.g,a)} +function $_b(a,b){!!a.c&&Lkb(a.c.a,a);a.c=b;!!a.c&&Ekb(a.c.a,a)} +function F0b(a,b){!!a.i&&Lkb(a.i.j,a);a.i=b;!!a.i&&Ekb(a.i.j,a)} +function jDb(a,b,c){this.a=b;this.c=a;this.b=(Qb(c),new Tkb(c))} +function qXb(a,b,c){this.a=b;this.c=a;this.b=(Qb(c),new Tkb(c))} +function aOb(a,b){this.a=a;this.c=R6c(this.a);this.b=new K6c(b)} +function IAb(a){var b;Uzb(a);b=new Tqb;return JAb(a,new jBb(b))} +function wCb(a,b){if(a<0||a>b){throw vbb(new qcb(Ake+a+Bke+b))}} +function Ppb(a,b){return vqb(a.a,b)?Qpb(a,BD(b,22).g,null):null} +function WUb(a){LUb();return Bcb(),BD(a.a,81).d.e!=0?true:false} +function qs(){qs=ccb;ps=as((hs(),OC(GC(yG,1),Kie,538,0,[gs])))} +function SBc(){SBc=ccb;RBc=c3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),J8b))} +function ZBc(){ZBc=ccb;YBc=c3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),J8b))} +function oCc(){oCc=ccb;nCc=c3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),J8b))} +function aJc(){aJc=ccb;_Ic=e3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),h8b))} +function FJc(){FJc=ccb;EJc=e3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),h8b))} +function ILc(){ILc=ccb;HLc=e3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),h8b))} +function wMc(){wMc=ccb;vMc=e3c(new j3c,(qUb(),pUb),(S8b(),h8b))} +function fUc(){fUc=ccb;eUc=c3c(new j3c,(yRc(),xRc),(qSc(),kSc))} +function DOc(a,b,c,d){this.c=a;this.d=d;BOc(this,b);COc(this,c)} +function W3c(a){this.c=new Psb;this.b=a.b;this.d=a.c;this.a=a.a} +function e7c(a){this.a=$wnd.Math.cos(a);this.b=$wnd.Math.sin(a)} +function BOc(a,b){!!a.a&&Lkb(a.a.k,a);a.a=b;!!a.a&&Ekb(a.a.k,a)} +function COc(a,b){!!a.b&&Lkb(a.b.f,a);a.b=b;!!a.b&&Ekb(a.b.f,a)} +function D1c(a,b){E1c(a,a.b,a.c);BD(a.b.b,65);!!b&&BD(b.b,65).b} +function BUd(a,b){CUd(a,b);JD(a.Cb,88)&&XMd($Kd(BD(a.Cb,88)),2)} +function cJd(a,b){JD(a.Cb,88)&&XMd($Kd(BD(a.Cb,88)),4);pnd(a,b)} +function lKd(a,b){JD(a.Cb,179)&&(BD(a.Cb,179).tb=null);pnd(a,b)} +function T2d(a,b){return Q6d(),YId(b)?new R7d(b,a):new f7d(b,a)} +function jsd(a,b){var c,d;c=b.c;d=c!=null;d&&Qpd(a,new yC(b.c))} +function XOd(a){var b,c;c=(LFd(),b=new UQd,b);NQd(c,a);return c} +function eTd(a){var b,c;c=(LFd(),b=new UQd,b);NQd(c,a);return c} +function yCc(a,b){var c;c=new H1b(a);b.c[b.c.length]=c;return c} +function Aw(a,b){var c;c=BD(Hv(nd(a.a),b),14);return !c?0:c.gc()} +function UAb(a){var b;Uzb(a);b=(ipb(),ipb(),gpb);return VAb(a,b)} +function nr(a){var b;while(true){b=a.Pb();if(!a.Ob()){return b}}} +function Ki(a,b){Ii.call(this,new Mqb(Cv(a)));Xj(b,mie);this.a=b} +function Jib(a,b,c){xCb(b,c,a.gc());this.c=a;this.a=b;this.b=c-b} +function Mkb(a,b,c){var d;xCb(b,c,a.c.length);d=c-b;cCb(a.c,b,d)} +function Fub(a,b){Eub(a,Tbb(xbb(Obb(b,24),nke)),Tbb(xbb(b,nke)))} +function tCb(a,b){if(a<0||a>=b){throw vbb(new qcb(Ake+a+Bke+b))}} +function BCb(a,b){if(a<0||a>=b){throw vbb(new Xfb(Ake+a+Bke+b))}} +function Kub(a,b){this.b=(uCb(a),a);this.a=(b&Rje)==0?b|64|oie:b} +function kkb(a){Vjb(this);dCb(this.a,geb($wnd.Math.max(8,a))<<1)} +function A0b(a){return l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[a.i.n,a.n,a.a]))} +function Iyb(){Fyb();return OC(GC(xL,1),Kie,132,0,[Cyb,Dyb,Eyb])} +function jHb(){gHb();return OC(GC(pN,1),Kie,232,0,[dHb,eHb,fHb])} +function QHb(){NHb();return OC(GC(sN,1),Kie,461,0,[LHb,KHb,MHb])} +function HIb(){EIb();return OC(GC(zN,1),Kie,462,0,[DIb,CIb,BIb])} +function UXb(){RXb();return OC(GC(hQ,1),Kie,423,0,[QXb,PXb,OXb])} +function BTb(){yTb();return OC(GC(oP,1),Kie,379,0,[wTb,vTb,xTb])} +function Bzc(){xzc();return OC(GC(ZW,1),Kie,378,0,[uzc,vzc,wzc])} +function Xpc(){Rpc();return OC(GC(GW,1),Kie,314,0,[Ppc,Opc,Qpc])} +function eqc(){bqc();return OC(GC(HW,1),Kie,337,0,[$pc,aqc,_pc])} +function Jqc(){Gqc();return OC(GC(KW,1),Kie,450,0,[Eqc,Dqc,Fqc])} +function Ikc(){Fkc();return OC(GC(vV,1),Kie,361,0,[Ekc,Dkc,Ckc])} +function hsc(){esc();return OC(GC(RW,1),Kie,303,0,[csc,dsc,bsc])} +function $rc(){Xrc();return OC(GC(QW,1),Kie,292,0,[Vrc,Wrc,Urc])} +function NAc(){KAc();return OC(GC(dX,1),Kie,452,0,[JAc,HAc,IAc])} +function wAc(){tAc();return OC(GC(bX,1),Kie,339,0,[rAc,qAc,sAc])} +function WAc(){TAc();return OC(GC(eX,1),Kie,375,0,[QAc,RAc,SAc])} +function OBc(){LBc();return OC(GC(jX,1),Kie,377,0,[JBc,KBc,IBc])} +function wBc(){tBc();return OC(GC(hX,1),Kie,336,0,[qBc,rBc,sBc])} +function FBc(){CBc();return OC(GC(iX,1),Kie,338,0,[BBc,zBc,ABc])} +function uGc(){rGc();return OC(GC(PX,1),Kie,454,0,[oGc,pGc,qGc])} +function xVc(){tVc();return OC(GC(O$,1),Kie,442,0,[sVc,qVc,rVc])} +function tWc(){pWc();return OC(GC(Y$,1),Kie,380,0,[mWc,nWc,oWc])} +function CYc(){zYc();return OC(GC(q_,1),Kie,381,0,[xYc,yYc,wYc])} +function wXc(){sXc();return OC(GC(b_,1),Kie,293,0,[qXc,rXc,pXc])} +function _$c(){Y$c();return OC(GC(J_,1),Kie,437,0,[V$c,W$c,X$c])} +function kbd(){hbd();return OC(GC(z1,1),Kie,334,0,[fbd,ebd,gbd])} +function tad(){qad();return OC(GC(u1,1),Kie,272,0,[nad,oad,pad])} +function o3d(a,b){return p3d(a,b,JD(b,99)&&(BD(b,18).Bb&Tje)!=0)} +function LZc(a,b,c){var d;d=MZc(a,b,false);return d.b<=b&&d.a<=c} +function tMc(a,b,c){var d;d=new sMc;d.b=b;d.a=c;++b.b;Ekb(a.d,d)} +function fs(a,b){var c;c=(uCb(a),a).g;lCb(!!c);uCb(b);return c(b)} +function av(a,b){var c,d;d=cv(a,b);c=a.a.Zc(d);return new qv(a,c)} +function cKd(a){if(a.Db>>16!=6)return null;return BD(aid(a),235)} +function Uwd(a){if(a.p!=2)throw vbb(new Ydb);return Tbb(a.f)&aje} +function bxd(a){if(a.p!=2)throw vbb(new Ydb);return Tbb(a.k)&aje} +function Z1d(a){a.a==(T0d(),S0d)&&d2d(a,U0d(a.g,a.b));return a.a} +function _1d(a){a.d==(T0d(),S0d)&&f2d(a,Y0d(a.g,a.b));return a.d} +function 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Fjc(){Fjc=ccb;Ejc=as((Ajc(),OC(GC(mV,1),Kie,411,0,[wjc,xjc,yjc,zjc])))} +function Pzc(){Pzc=ccb;Ozc=as((Izc(),OC(GC($W,1),Kie,197,0,[Gzc,Hzc,Fzc,Ezc])))} +function ugd(){ugd=ccb;tgd=as((pgd(),OC(GC(k2,1),Kie,396,0,[mgd,ngd,lgd,ogd])))} +function xbd(){xbd=ccb;wbd=as((rbd(),OC(GC(A1,1),Kie,285,0,[qbd,nbd,obd,pbd])))} +function Fad(){Fad=ccb;Ead=as((Aad(),OC(GC(v1,1),Kie,218,0,[zad,xad,wad,yad])))} +function Ied(){Ied=ccb;Hed=as((Ded(),OC(GC(O1,1),Kie,311,0,[Ced,zed,Bed,Aed])))} +function ydd(){ydd=ccb;xdd=as((tdd(),OC(GC(I1,1),Kie,374,0,[rdd,sdd,qdd,pdd])))} +function A9d(){A9d=ccb;Smd();x9d=Pje;w9d=Qje;z9d=new Ndb(Pje);y9d=new Ndb(Qje)} +function _qc(){_qc=ccb;$qc=new arc(ane,0);Zqc=new arc('IMPROVE_STRAIGHTNESS',1)} +function eIc(a,b){FHc();return Ekb(a,new vgd(b,meb(b.e.c.length+b.g.c.length)))} +function gIc(a,b){FHc();return Ekb(a,new vgd(b,meb(b.e.c.length+b.g.c.length)))} +function PC(a,b){HC(b)!=10&&OC(rb(b),b.hm,b.__elementTypeId$,HC(b),a);return a} +function Lkb(a,b){var 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a.c.Mc(b)}else{c=qAd(a,b);LAd(a,b);return c}} +function $nd(a,b,c){yId(a,b);pnd(a,c);AId(a,0);DId(a,1);CId(a,true);BId(a,true);return a} +function Xj(a,b){if(a<0){throw vbb(new Wdb(b+' cannot be negative but was: '+a))}return a} +function Bt(a,b){var c,d;for(c=0,d=a.gc();c0){return BD(Ikb(c.a,d-1),10)}return null} +function Lkd(a,b){var c;c=a.k;a.k=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,2,c,a.k))} +function kmd(a,b){var c;c=a.f;a.f=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,8,c,a.f))} +function lmd(a,b){var c;c=a.i;a.i=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,7,c,a.i))} +function Hod(a,b){var c;c=a.a;a.a=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,8,c,a.a))} +function zpd(a,b){var c;c=a.b;a.b=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,0,c,a.b))} +function UUd(a,b){var c;c=a.b;a.b=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,0,c,a.b))} +function VUd(a,b){var c;c=a.c;a.c=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,1,c,a.c))} +function Apd(a,b){var 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b1b(a.b))),new Xxb(new Qjc))).sd((EAb(),DAb))} +function N5c(){N5c=ccb;L5c=new O5c('PARENTS',0);K5c=new O5c('NODES',1);I5c=new O5c('EDGES',2);M5c=new O5c('PORTS',3);J5c=new O5c('LABELS',4)} +function Tbd(){Tbd=ccb;Qbd=new Ubd('DISTRIBUTED',0);Sbd=new Ubd('JUSTIFIED',1);Obd=new Ubd('BEGIN',2);Pbd=new Ubd(gle,3);Rbd=new Ubd('END',4)} +function UMd(a){var b;b=a.yi(null);switch(b){case 10:return 0;case 15:return 1;case 14:return 2;case 11:return 3;case 21:return 4;}return -1} +function cYb(a){switch(a.g){case 1:return ead(),dad;case 4:return ead(),aad;case 2:return ead(),bad;case 3:return ead(),_9c;}return ead(),cad} +function kA(a,b,c){var d;d=c.q.getFullYear()-nje+nje;d<0&&(d=-d);switch(b){case 1:a.a+=d;break;case 2:EA(a,d%100,2);break;default:EA(a,d,b);}} +function Jsb(a,b){var c,d;wCb(b,a.b);if(b>=a.b>>1){d=a.c;for(c=a.b;c>b;--c){d=d.b}}else{d=a.a.a;for(c=0;c=64&&b<128&&(e=Mbb(e,Nbb(1,b-64)))}return e} +function c_b(a,b){var c,d;d=null;if(wNb(a,(Y9c(),O9c))){c=BD(vNb(a,O9c),94);c.Xe(b)&&(d=c.We(b))}d==null&&!!Q_b(a)&&(d=vNb(Q_b(a),b));return d} +function oQc(a,b){var c,d,e;e=b.d.i;d=e.k;if(d==(j0b(),h0b)||d==d0b){return}c=new Sr(ur(U_b(e).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(c)&&Rhb(a.k,b,BD(Rr(c),17))} +function mid(a,b){var c,d,e;d=XKd(a.Tg(),b);c=b-a.Ah();return c<0?(e=a.Yg(d),e>=0?a.lh(e):tid(a,d)):c<0?tid(a,d):BD(d,66).Nj().Sj(a,a.yh(),c)} +function Ksd(a){var b;if(JD(a.a,4)){b=fvd(a.a);if(b==null){throw vbb(new Zdb(mse+a.b+"'. "+ise+(fdb(Y3),Y3.k)+jse))}return b}else{return a.a}} +function L9d(a){var b;if(a==null)return null;b=bde(Qge(a,true));if(b==null){throw vbb(new n8d("Invalid base64Binary value: '"+a+"'"))}return b} +function Dyd(b){var c;try{c=b.i.Xb(b.e);b.mj();b.g=b.e++;return c}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,73)){b.mj();throw vbb(new utb)}else throw vbb(a)}} +function Zyd(b){var c;try{c=b.c.ki(b.e);b.mj();b.g=b.e++;return c}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,73)){b.mj();throw vbb(new utb)}else throw vbb(a)}} +function CPb(){CPb=ccb;BPb=(Y9c(),K9c);vPb=G8c;qPb=r8c;wPb=f9c;zPb=(fFb(),bFb);yPb=_Eb;APb=dFb;xPb=$Eb;sPb=(nPb(),jPb);rPb=iPb;tPb=lPb;uPb=mPb} +function NWb(a){LWb();this.c=new Rkb;this.d=a;switch(a.g){case 0:case 2:this.a=tmb(KWb);this.b=Pje;break;case 3:case 1:this.a=KWb;this.b=Qje;}} +function ued(a,b,c){var d,e;if(a.c){dld(a.c,a.c.i+b);eld(a.c,a.c.j+c)}else{for(e=new olb(a.b);e.a0){Ekb(a.b,new WA(b.a,c));d=b.a.length;0d&&(b.a+=yfb(KC(TD,$ie,25,-d,15,1)))}} +function JKb(a,b){var c,d,e;c=a.o;for(e=BD(BD(Qc(a.r,b),21),84).Kc();e.Ob();){d=BD(e.Pb(),111);d.e.a=DKb(d,c.a);d.e.b=c.b*Edb(ED(d.b.We(BKb)))}} +function S5b(a,b){var c,d,e,f;e=a.k;c=Edb(ED(vNb(a,(wtc(),htc))));f=b.k;d=Edb(ED(vNb(b,htc)));return f!=(j0b(),e0b)?-1:e!=e0b?1:c==d?0:c=0){return a.hh(b,c,d)}else{!!a.eh()&&(d=(e=a.Vg(),e>=0?a.Qg(d):a.eh().ih(a,-1-e,null,d)));return a.Sg(b,c,d)}} +function zld(a,b){switch(b){case 7:!a.e&&(a.e=new y5d(B2,a,7,4));Uxd(a.e);return;case 8:!a.d&&(a.d=new y5d(B2,a,8,5));Uxd(a.d);return;}$kd(a,b)} +function Ut(b,c){var d;d=b.Zc(c);try{return d.Pb()}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,109)){throw vbb(new qcb("Can't get element "+c))}else throw vbb(a)}} +function Tgb(a,b){this.e=a;if(b=0&&(c.d=a.t);break;case 3:a.t>=0&&(c.a=a.t);}if(a.C){c.b=a.C.b;c.c=a.C.c}} +function RMb(){RMb=ccb;OMb=new SMb(xle,0);NMb=new SMb(yle,1);PMb=new SMb(zle,2);QMb=new SMb(Ale,3);OMb.a=false;NMb.a=true;PMb.a=false;QMb.a=true} +function ROb(){ROb=ccb;OOb=new SOb(xle,0);NOb=new SOb(yle,1);POb=new SOb(zle,2);QOb=new SOb(Ale,3);OOb.a=false;NOb.a=true;POb.a=false;QOb.a=true} +function dac(a){var b;b=a.a;do{b=BD(Rr(new Sr(ur(R_b(b).a.Kc(),new Sq))),17).c.i;b.k==(j0b(),g0b)&&a.b.Fc(b)}while(b.k==(j0b(),g0b));a.b=Su(a.b)} +function CDc(a){var b,c,d;d=a.c.a;a.p=(Qb(d),new Tkb(d));for(c=new olb(d);c.ac.b){return true}}}return false} +function AD(a,b){if(ND(a)){return !!zD[b]}else if(a.hm){return !!a.hm[b]}else if(LD(a)){return !!yD[b]}else if(KD(a)){return !!xD[b]}return false} +function jkd(a,b,c){c==null?(!a.o&&(a.o=new dId((Thd(),Qhd),S2,a,0)),LAd(a.o,b)):(!a.o&&(a.o=new dId((Thd(),Qhd),S2,a,0)),HAd(a.o,b,c));return a} +function jKb(a,b,c,d){var e,f;f=b.Xe((Y9c(),W8c))?BD(b.We(W8c),21):a.j;e=uJb(f);if(e==(qJb(),pJb)){return}if(c&&!sJb(e)){return}UHb(lKb(a,e,d),b)} +function fid(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g;f=XKd(a.Tg(),b);e=b-a.Ah();return e<0?(g=a.Yg(f),g>=0?a._g(g,c,true):sid(a,f,c)):BD(f,66).Nj().Pj(a,a.yh(),e,c,d)} +function u6d(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g;if(c.mh(b)){Q6d();if(YId(b)){e=BD(c.ah(b),153);x6d(a,e)}else{f=(g=b,!g?null:BD(d,49).xh(g));!!f&&v6d(c.ah(b),f)}}} +function H3b(a){switch(a.g){case 1:return vLb(),uLb;case 3:return vLb(),rLb;case 2:return vLb(),tLb;case 4:return vLb(),sLb;default:return null;}} +function kCb(a){switch(typeof(a)){case Mhe:return LCb(a);case Lhe:return QD(a);case Khe:return Bcb(),a?1231:1237;default:return a==null?0:FCb(a);}} +function Gic(a,b,c){if(a.e){switch(a.b){case 1:oic(a.c,b,c);break;case 0:pic(a.c,b,c);}}else{mic(a.c,b,c)}a.a[b.p][c.p]=a.c.i;a.a[c.p][b.p]=a.c.e} +function lHc(a){var b,c;if(a==null){return null}c=KC(OQ,nie,193,a.length,0,2);for(b=0;b=0)return e;if(a.Fk()){for(d=0;d=e)throw vbb(new Cyd(b,e));if(a.hi()){d=a.Xc(c);if(d>=0&&d!=b){throw vbb(new Wdb(kue))}}return a.mi(b,c)} +function gx(a,b){this.a=BD(Qb(a),245);this.b=BD(Qb(b),245);if(a.vd(b)>0||a==(Lk(),Kk)||b==(_k(),$k)){throw vbb(new Wdb('Invalid range: '+nx(a,b)))}} +function mYb(a){var b,c;this.b=new Rkb;this.c=a;this.a=false;for(c=new olb(a.a);c.a0);if((b&-b)==b){return QD(b*Cub(a,31)*4.6566128730773926E-10)}do{c=Cub(a,31);d=c%b}while(c-d+(b-1)<0);return QD(d)} +function LCb(a){JCb();var b,c,d;c=':'+a;d=ICb[c];if(d!=null){return QD((uCb(d),d))}d=GCb[c];b=d==null?KCb(a):QD((uCb(d),d));MCb();ICb[c]=b;return b} +function qZb(a,b,c){Odd(c,'Compound graph preprocessor',1);a.a=new Hp;vZb(a,b,null);pZb(a,b);uZb(a);yNb(b,(wtc(),zsc),a.a);a.a=null;Uhb(a.b);Qdd(c)} +function X$b(a,b,c){switch(c.g){case 1:a.a=b.a/2;a.b=0;break;case 2:a.a=b.a;a.b=b.b/2;break;case 3:a.a=b.a/2;a.b=b.b;break;case 4:a.a=0;a.b=b.b/2;}} +function tkc(a){var b,c,d;for(d=BD(Qc(a.a,(Xjc(),Vjc)),15).Kc();d.Ob();){c=BD(d.Pb(),101);b=Bkc(c);kkc(a,c,b[0],(Fkc(),Ckc),0);kkc(a,c,b[1],Ekc,1)}} +function ukc(a){var b,c,d;for(d=BD(Qc(a.a,(Xjc(),Wjc)),15).Kc();d.Ob();){c=BD(d.Pb(),101);b=Bkc(c);kkc(a,c,b[0],(Fkc(),Ckc),0);kkc(a,c,b[1],Ekc,1)}} +function tXc(a){switch(a.g){case 0:return null;case 1:return new $Xc;case 2:return new QXc;default:throw vbb(new Wdb(jre+(a.f!=null?a.f:''+a.g)));}} +function OZc(a,b,c){var d,e;FZc(a,b-a.s,c-a.t);for(e=new olb(a.n);e.a1&&(f=GFb(a,b));return f} +function dmd(a){var b;if(!!a.f&&a.f.kh()){b=BD(a.f,49);a.f=BD(xid(a,b),82);a.f!=b&&(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,9,8,b,a.f))}return a.f} +function emd(a){var b;if(!!a.i&&a.i.kh()){b=BD(a.i,49);a.i=BD(xid(a,b),82);a.i!=b&&(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,9,7,b,a.i))}return a.i} +function zUd(a){var b;if(!!a.b&&(a.b.Db&64)!=0){b=a.b;a.b=BD(xid(a,b),18);a.b!=b&&(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,9,21,b,a.b))}return a.b} +function uAd(a,b){var c,d,e;if(a.d==null){++a.e;++a.f}else{d=b.Sh();BAd(a,a.f+1);e=(d&Ohe)%a.d.length;c=a.d[e];!c&&(c=a.d[e]=a.uj());c.Fc(b);++a.f}} +function m3d(a,b,c){var d;if(b.Kj()){return false}else if(b.Zj()!=-2){d=b.zj();return d==null?c==null:pb(d,c)}else return b.Hj()==a.e.Tg()&&c==null} +function wo(){var a;Xj(16,Hie);a=Kp(16);this.b=KC(GF,Gie,317,a,0,1);this.c=KC(GF,Gie,317,a,0,1);this.a=null;this.e=null;this.i=0;this.f=a-1;this.g=0} +function b0b(a){n_b.call(this);this.k=(j0b(),h0b);this.j=(Xj(6,Jie),new Skb(6));this.b=(Xj(2,Jie),new Skb(2));this.d=new L_b;this.f=new s0b;this.a=a} +function Scc(a){var b,c;if(a.c.length<=1){return}b=Pcc(a,(Ucd(),Rcd));Rcc(a,BD(b.a,19).a,BD(b.b,19).a);c=Pcc(a,Tcd);Rcc(a,BD(c.a,19).a,BD(c.b,19).a)} +function Vzc(){Vzc=ccb;Uzc=new Xzc('SIMPLE',0);Rzc=new Xzc(Tne,1);Szc=new Xzc('LINEAR_SEGMENTS',2);Qzc=new Xzc('BRANDES_KOEPF',3);Tzc=new Xzc(Aqe,4)} +function XDc(a,b,c){if(!ecd(BD(vNb(b,(Nyc(),Vxc)),98))){WDc(a,b,Y_b(b,c));WDc(a,b,Y_b(b,(Ucd(),Rcd)));WDc(a,b,Y_b(b,Acd));mmb();Okb(b.j,new jEc(a))}} +function HVc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g;e=d?BD(Qc(a.a,b),21):BD(Qc(a.b,b),21);for(g=e.Kc();g.Ob();){f=BD(g.Pb(),33);if(BVc(a,c,f)){return true}}return false} +function FMd(a){var b,c;for(c=new Fyd(a);c.e!=c.i.gc();){b=BD(Dyd(c),87);if(!!b.e||(!b.d&&(b.d=new xMd(j5,b,1)),b.d).i!=0){return true}}return false} +function QTd(a){var b,c;for(c=new Fyd(a);c.e!=c.i.gc();){b=BD(Dyd(c),87);if(!!b.e||(!b.d&&(b.d=new xMd(j5,b,1)),b.d).i!=0){return true}}return false} +function FDc(a){var b,c,d;b=0;for(d=new olb(a.c.a);d.a102)return -1;if(a<=57)return a-48;if(a<65)return -1;if(a<=70)return a-65+10;if(a<97)return -1;return a-97+10} +function Wj(a,b){if(a==null){throw vbb(new Heb('null key in entry: null='+b))}else if(b==null){throw vbb(new Heb('null value in entry: '+a+'=null'))}} +function kr(a,b){var c,d;while(a.Ob()){if(!b.Ob()){return false}c=a.Pb();d=b.Pb();if(!(PD(c)===PD(d)||c!=null&&pb(c,d))){return false}}return !b.Ob()} +function jIb(a,b){var c;c=OC(GC(UD,1),Vje,25,15,[pHb(a.a[0],b),pHb(a.a[1],b),pHb(a.a[2],b)]);if(a.d){c[0]=$wnd.Math.max(c[0],c[2]);c[2]=c[0]}return c} +function kIb(a,b){var c;c=OC(GC(UD,1),Vje,25,15,[qHb(a.a[0],b),qHb(a.a[1],b),qHb(a.a[2],b)]);if(a.d){c[0]=$wnd.Math.max(c[0],c[2]);c[2]=c[0]}return c} +function mqc(){mqc=ccb;iqc=new oqc('GREEDY',0);hqc=new oqc(Une,1);kqc=new oqc(Tne,2);lqc=new oqc('MODEL_ORDER',3);jqc=new oqc('GREEDY_MODEL_ORDER',4)} +function iUc(a,b){var c,d,e;a.b[b.g]=1;for(d=Jsb(b.d,0);d.b!=d.d.c;){c=BD(Xsb(d),188);e=c.c;a.b[e.g]==1?Dsb(a.a,c):a.b[e.g]==2?(a.b[e.g]=1):iUc(a,e)}} +function V9b(a,b){var c,d,e;e=new Skb(b.gc());for(d=b.Kc();d.Ob();){c=BD(d.Pb(),286);c.c==c.f?K9b(a,c,c.c):L9b(a,c)||(e.c[e.c.length]=c,true)}return e} +function IZc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h;h=a.r+b;a.r+=b;a.d+=c;d=c/a.n.c.length;e=0;for(g=new olb(a.n);g.af&&NC(b,f,null);return b} +function Lu(a,b){var c,d;d=a.gc();if(b==null){for(c=0;c0&&(i+=e);j[k]=g;g+=h*(i+d)}} +function Uoc(a){var b,c,d;d=a.f;a.n=KC(UD,Vje,25,d,15,1);a.d=KC(UD,Vje,25,d,15,1);for(b=0;b0?a.c:0);++e}a.b=d;a.d=f} +function BZc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;d=0;e=0;c=0;for(g=new olb(b);g.a0?a.g:0);++c}a.c=e;a.d=d} +function AHb(a,b){var c;c=OC(GC(UD,1),Vje,25,15,[zHb(a,(gHb(),dHb),b),zHb(a,eHb,b),zHb(a,fHb,b)]);if(a.f){c[0]=$wnd.Math.max(c[0],c[2]);c[2]=c[0]}return c} +function lNb(b,c,d){var e;try{aNb(b,c+b.j,d+b.k,false,true)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,73)){e=a;throw vbb(new qcb(e.g+Gle+c+She+d+').'))}else throw vbb(a)}} +function mNb(b,c,d){var e;try{aNb(b,c+b.j,d+b.k,true,false)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,73)){e=a;throw vbb(new qcb(e.g+Gle+c+She+d+').'))}else throw vbb(a)}} +function d5b(a){var b;if(!wNb(a,(Nyc(),xxc))){return}b=BD(vNb(a,xxc),21);if(b.Hc((Hbd(),zbd))){b.Mc(zbd);b.Fc(Bbd)}else if(b.Hc(Bbd)){b.Mc(Bbd);b.Fc(zbd)}} +function e5b(a){var b;if(!wNb(a,(Nyc(),xxc))){return}b=BD(vNb(a,xxc),21);if(b.Hc((Hbd(),Gbd))){b.Mc(Gbd);b.Fc(Ebd)}else if(b.Hc(Ebd)){b.Mc(Ebd);b.Fc(Gbd)}} +function udc(a,b,c){Odd(c,'Self-Loop ordering',1);MAb(NAb(JAb(JAb(LAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(b.b,16)),new ydc),new Adc),new Cdc),new Edc),new Gdc(a));Qdd(c)} +function ikc(a,b,c,d){var e,f;for(e=b;e0&&(e.b+=b);return e} +function GXb(a,b){var c,d,e;e=new d7c;for(d=a.Kc();d.Ob();){c=BD(d.Pb(),37);uXb(c,0,e.b);e.b+=c.f.b+b;e.a=$wnd.Math.max(e.a,c.f.a)}e.a>0&&(e.a+=b);return e} +function d_b(a){var b,c,d;d=Ohe;for(c=new olb(a.a);c.a>16==6){return a.Cb.ih(a,5,o5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?a.zh():c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function Wz(a){Rz();var b=a.e;if(b&&b.stack){var c=b.stack;var d=b+'\n';c.substring(0,d.length)==d&&(c=c.substring(d.length));return c.split('\n')}return []} +function jeb(a){var b;b=(qeb(),peb);return b[a>>>28]|b[a>>24&15]<<4|b[a>>20&15]<<8|b[a>>16&15]<<12|b[a>>12&15]<<16|b[a>>8&15]<<20|b[a>>4&15]<<24|b[a&15]<<28} +function _jb(a){var b,c,d;if(a.b!=a.c){return}d=a.a.length;c=geb($wnd.Math.max(8,d))<<1;if(a.b!=0){b=_Bb(a.a,c);$jb(a,b,d);a.a=b;a.b=0}else{dCb(a.a,c)}a.c=d} +function DKb(a,b){var c;c=a.b;return c.Xe((Y9c(),s9c))?c.Hf()==(Ucd(),Tcd)?-c.rf().a-Edb(ED(c.We(s9c))):b+Edb(ED(c.We(s9c))):c.Hf()==(Ucd(),Tcd)?-c.rf().a:b} +function P_b(a){var b;if(a.b.c.length!=0&&!!BD(Ikb(a.b,0),70).a){return BD(Ikb(a.b,0),70).a}b=JZb(a);if(b!=null){return b}return ''+(!a.c?-1:Jkb(a.c.a,a,0))} +function C0b(a){var b;if(a.f.c.length!=0&&!!BD(Ikb(a.f,0),70).a){return BD(Ikb(a.f,0),70).a}b=JZb(a);if(b!=null){return b}return ''+(!a.i?-1:Jkb(a.i.j,a,0))} +function Ogc(a,b){var c,d;if(b<0||b>=a.gc()){return null}for(c=b;c0?a.c:0);e=$wnd.Math.max(e,b.d);++d}a.e=f;a.b=e} +function shd(a){var b,c;if(!a.b){a.b=Qu(BD(a.f,118).Ag().i);for(c=new Fyd(BD(a.f,118).Ag());c.e!=c.i.gc();){b=BD(Dyd(c),137);Ekb(a.b,new dhd(b))}}return a.b} +function Ctd(a,b){var c,d,e;if(b.dc()){return LCd(),LCd(),KCd}else{c=new zyd(a,b.gc());for(e=new Fyd(a);e.e!=e.i.gc();){d=Dyd(e);b.Hc(d)&&wtd(c,d)}return c}} +function bkd(a,b,c,d){if(b==0){return d?(!a.o&&(a.o=new dId((Thd(),Qhd),S2,a,0)),a.o):(!a.o&&(a.o=new dId((Thd(),Qhd),S2,a,0)),FAd(a.o))}return fid(a,b,c,d)} +function Tnd(a){var b,c;if(a.rb){for(b=0,c=a.rb.i;b>22);e+=d>>22;if(e<0){return false}a.l=c&Eje;a.m=d&Eje;a.h=e&Fje;return true} +function Fwb(a,b,c,d,e,f,g){var h,i;if(b.Ae()&&(i=a.a.ue(c,d),i<0||!e&&i==0)){return false}if(b.Be()&&(h=a.a.ue(c,f),h>0||!g&&h==0)){return false}return true} +function Vcc(a,b){Occ();var c;c=a.j.g-b.j.g;if(c!=0){return 0}switch(a.j.g){case 2:return Ycc(b,Ncc)-Ycc(a,Ncc);case 4:return Ycc(a,Mcc)-Ycc(b,Mcc);}return 0} +function Tqc(a){switch(a.g){case 0:return Mqc;case 1:return Nqc;case 2:return Oqc;case 3:return Pqc;case 4:return Qqc;case 5:return Rqc;default:return null;}} +function End(a,b,c){var d,e;d=(e=new rUd,yId(e,b),pnd(e,c),wtd((!a.c&&(a.c=new cUd(p5,a,12,10)),a.c),e),e);AId(d,0);DId(d,1);CId(d,true);BId(d,true);return d} +function tud(a,b){var c,d;if(b>=a.i)throw vbb(new $zd(b,a.i));++a.j;c=a.g[b];d=a.i-b-1;d>0&&$fb(a.g,b+1,a.g,b,d);NC(a.g,--a.i,null);a.fi(b,c);a.ci();return c} +function UId(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==17){return a.Cb.ih(a,21,c5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?a.zh():c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function iDb(a){var b,c,d,e;mmb();Okb(a.c,a.a);for(e=new olb(a.c);e.ac.a.c.length)){throw vbb(new Wdb('index must be >= 0 and <= layer node count'))}!!a.c&&Lkb(a.c.a,a);a.c=c;!!c&&Dkb(c.a,b,a)} +function p7b(a,b){var c,d,e;for(d=new Sr(ur(O_b(a).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(d);){c=BD(Rr(d),17);e=BD(b.Kb(c),10);return new cc(Qb(e.n.b+e.o.b/2))}return wb(),wb(),vb} +function rMc(a,b){this.c=new Lqb;this.a=a;this.b=b;this.d=BD(vNb(a,(wtc(),otc)),304);PD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),yxc)))===PD((_qc(),Zqc))?(this.e=new bNc):(this.e=new WMc)} +function $dd(a,b){var c,d,e,f;f=0;for(d=new olb(a);d.a>16==6){return a.Cb.ih(a,6,B2,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(Thd(),Lhd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function Eod(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==7){return a.Cb.ih(a,1,C2,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(Thd(),Nhd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function lpd(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==9){return a.Cb.ih(a,9,E2,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(Thd(),Phd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function mQd(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==5){return a.Cb.ih(a,9,h5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(jGd(),VFd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function KHd(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==3){return a.Cb.ih(a,0,k5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(jGd(),OFd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function Snd(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==7){return a.Cb.ih(a,6,o5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(jGd(),cGd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function ird(){this.a=new bqd;this.g=new wo;this.j=new wo;this.b=new Lqb;this.d=new wo;this.i=new wo;this.k=new Lqb;this.c=new Lqb;this.e=new Lqb;this.f=new Lqb} +function MCd(a,b,c){var d,e,f;c<0&&(c=0);f=a.i;for(e=c;eWje){return p6d(a,d)}if(d==a){return true}}}return false} +function HKb(a){CKb();switch(a.q.g){case 5:EKb(a,(Ucd(),Acd));EKb(a,Rcd);break;case 4:FKb(a,(Ucd(),Acd));FKb(a,Rcd);break;default:GKb(a,(Ucd(),Acd));GKb(a,Rcd);}} +function LKb(a){CKb();switch(a.q.g){case 5:IKb(a,(Ucd(),zcd));IKb(a,Tcd);break;case 4:JKb(a,(Ucd(),zcd));JKb(a,Tcd);break;default:KKb(a,(Ucd(),zcd));KKb(a,Tcd);}} +function XQb(a){var b,c;b=BD(vNb(a,(wSb(),pSb)),19);if(b){c=b.a;c==0?yNb(a,(HSb(),GSb),new Gub):yNb(a,(HSb(),GSb),new Hub(c))}else{yNb(a,(HSb(),GSb),new Hub(1))}} +function V$b(a,b){var c;c=a.i;switch(b.g){case 1:return -(a.n.b+a.o.b);case 2:return a.n.a-c.o.a;case 3:return a.n.b-c.o.b;case 4:return -(a.n.a+a.o.a);}return 0} +function hbc(a,b){switch(a.g){case 0:return b==(Ctc(),ytc)?dbc:ebc;case 1:return b==(Ctc(),ytc)?dbc:cbc;case 2:return b==(Ctc(),ytc)?cbc:ebc;default:return cbc;}} +function v$c(a,b){var c,d,e;Lkb(a.a,b);a.e-=b.r+(a.a.c.length==0?0:a.c);e=ere;for(d=new olb(a.a);d.a>16==3){return a.Cb.ih(a,12,E2,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(Thd(),Khd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function Uod(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==11){return a.Cb.ih(a,10,E2,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(Thd(),Ohd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function PSd(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==10){return a.Cb.ih(a,11,c5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(jGd(),aGd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function qUd(a,b){var c,d;if(a.Db>>16==10){return a.Cb.ih(a,12,n5,b)}return d=zUd(BD(XKd((c=BD(Ajd(a,16),26),!c?(jGd(),dGd):c),a.Db>>16),18)),a.Cb.ih(a,d.n,d.f,b)} +function wId(a){var b;if((a.Bb&1)==0&&!!a.r&&a.r.kh()){b=BD(a.r,49);a.r=BD(xid(a,b),138);a.r!=b&&(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,9,8,b,a.r))}return a.r} +function yHb(a,b,c){var d;d=OC(GC(UD,1),Vje,25,15,[BHb(a,(gHb(),dHb),b,c),BHb(a,eHb,b,c),BHb(a,fHb,b,c)]);if(a.f){d[0]=$wnd.Math.max(d[0],d[2]);d[2]=d[0]}return d} +function O9b(a,b){var c,d,e;e=V9b(a,b);if(e.c.length==0){return}Okb(e,new pac);c=e.c.length;for(d=0;d>19;j=b.h>>19;if(i!=j){return j-i}e=a.h;h=b.h;if(e!=h){return e-h}d=a.m;g=b.m;if(d!=g){return d-g}c=a.l;f=b.l;return c-f} +function fFb(){fFb=ccb;eFb=(rFb(),oFb);dFb=new Nsd(Yke,eFb);cFb=(UEb(),TEb);bFb=new Nsd(Zke,cFb);aFb=(MEb(),LEb);_Eb=new Nsd($ke,aFb);$Eb=new Nsd(_ke,(Bcb(),true))} +function cfc(a,b,c){var d,e;d=b*c;if(JD(a.g,145)){e=ugc(a);if(e.f.d){e.f.a||(a.d.a+=d+ple)}else{a.d.d-=d+ple;a.d.a+=d+ple}}else if(JD(a.g,10)){a.d.d-=d;a.d.a+=2*d}} +function vmc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h;e=a[c.g];for(h=new olb(b.d);h.a0?a.g:0);++c}b.b=d;b.e=e} +function to(a){var b,c,d;d=a.b;if(Lp(a.i,d.length)){c=d.length*2;a.b=KC(GF,Gie,317,c,0,1);a.c=KC(GF,Gie,317,c,0,1);a.f=c-1;a.i=0;for(b=a.a;b;b=b.c){po(a,b,b)}++a.g}} +function cNb(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h;for(e=0;eg&&(h=g/d);e>f&&(i=f/e);Y6c(a,$wnd.Math.min(h,i));return a} +function ond(){Smd();var b,c;try{c=BD(mUd((yFd(),xFd),yte),2014);if(c){return c}}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,102)){b=a;uvd((h0d(),b))}else throw vbb(a)}return new knd} +function Y9d(){A9d();var b,c;try{c=BD(mUd((yFd(),xFd),Ewe),2024);if(c){return c}}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,102)){b=a;uvd((h0d(),b))}else throw vbb(a)}return new U9d} +function qZd(){Smd();var b,c;try{c=BD(mUd((yFd(),xFd),_ve),1941);if(c){return c}}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,102)){b=a;uvd((h0d(),b))}else throw vbb(a)}return new mZd} +function HQd(a,b,c){var d,e;e=a.e;a.e=b;if((a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0){d=new nSd(a,1,4,e,b);!c?(c=d):c.Ei(d)}e!=b&&(b?(c=QQd(a,MQd(a,b),c)):(c=QQd(a,a.a,c)));return c} +function nB(){eB.call(this);this.e=-1;this.a=false;this.p=Rie;this.k=-1;this.c=-1;this.b=-1;this.g=false;this.f=-1;this.j=-1;this.n=-1;this.i=-1;this.d=-1;this.o=Rie} +function qEb(a,b){var c,d,e;d=a.b.d.d;a.a||(d+=a.b.d.a);e=b.b.d.d;b.a||(e+=b.b.d.a);c=Kdb(d,e);if(c==0){if(!a.a&&b.a){return -1}else if(!b.a&&a.a){return 1}}return c} +function eOb(a,b){var c,d,e;d=a.b.b.d;a.a||(d+=a.b.b.a);e=b.b.b.d;b.a||(e+=b.b.b.a);c=Kdb(d,e);if(c==0){if(!a.a&&b.a){return -1}else if(!b.a&&a.a){return 1}}return c} +function PVb(a,b){var c,d,e;d=a.b.g.d;a.a||(d+=a.b.g.a);e=b.b.g.d;b.a||(e+=b.b.g.a);c=Kdb(d,e);if(c==0){if(!a.a&&b.a){return -1}else if(!b.a&&a.a){return 1}}return c} +function ZTb(){ZTb=ccb;WTb=c3c(e3c(e3c(e3c(new j3c,(qUb(),oUb),(S8b(),m8b)),oUb,q8b),pUb,x8b),pUb,a8b);YTb=e3c(e3c(new j3c,oUb,S7b),oUb,b8b);XTb=c3c(new j3c,pUb,d8b)} +function s3b(a){var b,c,d,e,f;b=BD(vNb(a,(wtc(),Csc)),83);f=a.n;for(d=b.Cc().Kc();d.Ob();){c=BD(d.Pb(),306);e=c.i;e.c+=f.a;e.d+=f.b;c.c?VHb(c):XHb(c)}yNb(a,Csc,null)} +function qmc(a,b,c){var d,e;e=a.b;d=e.d;switch(b.g){case 1:return -d.d-c;case 2:return e.o.a+d.c+c;case 3:return e.o.b+d.a+c;case 4:return -d.b-c;default:return -1;}} +function BXc(a){var b,c,d,e,f;d=0;e=dme;if(a.b){for(b=0;b<360;b++){c=b*0.017453292519943295;zXc(a,a.d,0,0,dre,c);f=a.b.ig(a.d);if(f0){g=(f&Ohe)%a.d.length;e=wAd(a,g,f,b);if(e){h=e.ed(c);return h}}d=a.tj(f,b,c);a.c.Fc(d);return null} +function t1d(a,b){var c,d,e,f;switch(o1d(a,b)._k()){case 3:case 2:{c=OKd(b);for(e=0,f=c.i;e=0;d--){if(dfb(a[d].d,b)||dfb(a[d].d,c)){a.length>=d+1&&a.splice(0,d+1);break}}return a} +function Abb(a,b){var c;if(Fbb(a)&&Fbb(b)){c=a/b;if(Kje0){a.b+=2;a.a+=d}}else{a.b+=1;a.a+=$wnd.Math.min(d,e)}} +function Rpd(a,b){var c,d;d=false;if(ND(b)){d=true;Qpd(a,new yC(GD(b)))}if(!d){if(JD(b,236)){d=true;Qpd(a,(c=Kcb(BD(b,236)),new TB(c)))}}if(!d){throw vbb(new vcb(Ute))}} +function IMd(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g;e=new pSd(a.e,1,10,(g=b.c,JD(g,88)?BD(g,26):(jGd(),_Fd)),(f=c.c,JD(f,88)?BD(f,26):(jGd(),_Fd)),HLd(a,b),false);!d?(d=e):d.Ei(e);return d} +function T_b(a){var b,c;switch(BD(vNb(Q_b(a),(Nyc(),ixc)),420).g){case 0:b=a.n;c=a.o;return new f7c(b.a+c.a/2,b.b+c.b/2);case 1:return new g7c(a.n);default:return null;}} +function lrc(){lrc=ccb;irc=new mrc(ane,0);hrc=new mrc('LEFTUP',1);krc=new mrc('RIGHTUP',2);grc=new mrc('LEFTDOWN',3);jrc=new mrc('RIGHTDOWN',4);frc=new mrc('BALANCED',5)} +function FFc(a,b,c){var d,e,f;d=Kdb(a.a[b.p],a.a[c.p]);if(d==0){e=BD(vNb(b,(wtc(),Qsc)),15);f=BD(vNb(c,Qsc),15);if(e.Hc(c)){return -1}else if(f.Hc(b)){return 1}}return d} +function jXc(a){switch(a.g){case 1:return new XVc;case 2:return new ZVc;case 3:return new VVc;case 0:return null;default:throw vbb(new Wdb(jre+(a.f!=null?a.f:''+a.g)));}} +function Ikd(a,b,c){switch(b){case 1:!a.n&&(a.n=new cUd(D2,a,1,7));Uxd(a.n);!a.n&&(a.n=new cUd(D2,a,1,7));ytd(a.n,BD(c,14));return;case 2:Lkd(a,GD(c));return;}ekd(a,b,c)} +function Zkd(a,b,c){switch(b){case 3:ald(a,Edb(ED(c)));return;case 4:cld(a,Edb(ED(c)));return;case 5:dld(a,Edb(ED(c)));return;case 6:eld(a,Edb(ED(c)));return;}Ikd(a,b,c)} +function Fnd(a,b,c){var d,e,f;f=(d=new rUd,d);e=xId(f,b,null);!!e&&e.Fi();pnd(f,c);wtd((!a.c&&(a.c=new cUd(p5,a,12,10)),a.c),f);AId(f,0);DId(f,1);CId(f,true);BId(f,true)} +function mUd(a,b){var c,d,e;c=Crb(a.g,b);if(JD(c,235)){e=BD(c,235);e.Qh()==null&&undefined;return e.Nh()}else if(JD(c,498)){d=BD(c,1938);e=d.b;return e}else{return null}} +function Ui(a,b,c,d){var e,f;Qb(b);Qb(c);f=BD(tn(a.d,b),19);Ob(!!f,'Row %s not in %s',b,a.e);e=BD(tn(a.b,c),19);Ob(!!e,'Column %s not in %s',c,a.c);return Wi(a,f.a,e.a,d)} +function JC(a,b,c,d,e,f,g){var h,i,j,k,l;k=e[f];j=f==g-1;h=j?d:0;l=LC(h,k);d!=10&&OC(GC(a,g-f),b[f],c[f],h,l);if(!j){++f;for(i=0;i1||h==-1){f=BD(i,15);e.Wb(t6d(a,f))}else{e.Wb(s6d(a,BD(i,56)))}}}} +function Zbb(b,c,d,e){Ybb();var f=Wbb;$moduleName=c;$moduleBase=d;tbb=e;function g(){for(var a=0;aOqe){return c}else e>-1.0E-6&&++c}return c} +function PQd(a,b){var c;if(b!=a.b){c=null;!!a.b&&(c=lid(a.b,a,-4,c));!!b&&(c=kid(b,a,-4,c));c=GQd(a,b,c);!!c&&c.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,3,b,b))} +function SQd(a,b){var c;if(b!=a.f){c=null;!!a.f&&(c=lid(a.f,a,-1,c));!!b&&(c=kid(b,a,-1,c));c=IQd(a,b,c);!!c&&c.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,0,b,b))} +function E9d(a){var b,c,d;if(a==null)return null;c=BD(a,15);if(c.dc())return '';d=new Hfb;for(b=c.Kc();b.Ob();){Efb(d,(Q8d(),GD(b.Pb())));d.a+=' '}return lcb(d,d.a.length-1)} +function I9d(a){var b,c,d;if(a==null)return null;c=BD(a,15);if(c.dc())return '';d=new Hfb;for(b=c.Kc();b.Ob();){Efb(d,(Q8d(),GD(b.Pb())));d.a+=' '}return lcb(d,d.a.length-1)} +function qEc(a,b,c){var d,e;d=a.c[b.c.p][b.p];e=a.c[c.c.p][c.p];if(d.a!=null&&e.a!=null){return Ddb(d.a,e.a)}else if(d.a!=null){return -1}else if(e.a!=null){return 1}return 0} +function zqd(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;if(b){f=b.a.length;c=new Yge(f);for(h=(c.b-c.a)*c.c<0?(Xge(),Wge):new she(c);h.Ob();){g=BD(h.Pb(),19);e=Zpd(b,g.a);d=new Crd(a);Aqd(d.a,e)}}} +function Qqd(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;if(b){f=b.a.length;c=new Yge(f);for(h=(c.b-c.a)*c.c<0?(Xge(),Wge):new she(c);h.Ob();){g=BD(h.Pb(),19);e=Zpd(b,g.a);d=new lrd(a);nqd(d.a,e)}}} +function eFd(b){var c;if(b!=null&&b.length>0&&bfb(b,b.length-1)==33){try{c=PEd(qfb(b,0,b.length-1));return c.e==null}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(!JD(a,32))throw vbb(a)}}return false} +function h3d(a,b,c){var d,e,f;d=b.ak();f=b.dd();e=d.$j()?H2d(a,3,d,null,f,M2d(a,d,f,JD(d,99)&&(BD(d,18).Bb&Tje)!=0),true):H2d(a,1,d,d.zj(),f,-1,true);c?c.Ei(e):(c=e);return c} +function Vee(){var a,b,c;b=0;for(a=0;a<'X'.length;a++){c=Uee((BCb(a,'X'.length),'X'.charCodeAt(a)));if(c==0)throw vbb(new mde('Unknown Option: '+'X'.substr(a)));b|=c}return b} +function mZb(a,b,c){var d,e,f;d=Q_b(b);e=a_b(d);f=new H0b;F0b(f,b);switch(c.g){case 1:G0b(f,Wcd(Zcd(e)));break;case 2:G0b(f,Zcd(e));}yNb(f,(Nyc(),Uxc),ED(vNb(a,Uxc)));return f} +function U9b(a){var b,c;b=BD(Rr(new Sr(ur(R_b(a.a).a.Kc(),new Sq))),17);c=BD(Rr(new Sr(ur(U_b(a.a).a.Kc(),new Sq))),17);return Ccb(DD(vNb(b,(wtc(),ltc))))||Ccb(DD(vNb(c,ltc)))} +function Xjc(){Xjc=ccb;Tjc=new Yjc('ONE_SIDE',0);Vjc=new Yjc('TWO_SIDES_CORNER',1);Wjc=new Yjc('TWO_SIDES_OPPOSING',2);Ujc=new Yjc('THREE_SIDES',3);Sjc=new Yjc('FOUR_SIDES',4)} +function jkc(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g;f=BD(GAb(JAb(b.Oc(),new _kc),Byb(new fzb,new dzb,new Ezb,OC(GC(xL,1),Kie,132,0,[(Fyb(),Dyb)]))),15);g=BD(Si(a.b,c,d),15);e==0?g.Wc(0,f):g.Gc(f)} +function KDc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;for(f=new olb(b.a);f.a0&&ric(this,this.c-1,(Ucd(),zcd));this.c0&&a[0].length>0&&(this.c=Ccb(DD(vNb(Q_b(a[0][0]),(wtc(),Rsc)))));this.a=KC(CX,nie,2018,a.length,0,2);this.b=KC(FX,nie,2019,a.length,0,2);this.d=new ss} +function tKc(a){if(a.c.length==0){return false}if((tCb(0,a.c.length),BD(a.c[0],17)).c.i.k==(j0b(),g0b)){return true}return FAb(NAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(a,16)),new wKc),new yKc)} +function rRc(a,b,c){Odd(c,'Tree layout',1);H2c(a.b);K2c(a.b,(yRc(),uRc),uRc);K2c(a.b,vRc,vRc);K2c(a.b,wRc,wRc);K2c(a.b,xRc,xRc);a.a=F2c(a.b,b);sRc(a,b,Udd(c,1));Qdd(c);return b} +function HXc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;h=gVc(b);f=b.f;i=b.g;g=$wnd.Math.sqrt(f*f+i*i);e=0;for(d=new olb(h);d.a=0){c=Abb(a,Jje);d=Hbb(a,Jje)}else{b=Pbb(a,1);c=Abb(b,500000000);d=Hbb(b,500000000);d=wbb(Nbb(d,1),xbb(a,1))}return Mbb(Nbb(d,32),xbb(c,Yje))} +function oQb(a,b,c){var d,e;d=(sCb(b.b!=0),BD(Nsb(b,b.a.a),8));switch(c.g){case 0:d.b=0;break;case 2:d.b=a.f;break;case 3:d.a=0;break;default:d.a=a.g;}e=Jsb(b,0);Vsb(e,d);return b} +function pmc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i;i=a.b;f=b.d;g=f.j;h=umc(g,i.d[g.g],c);e=P6c(R6c(f.n),f.a);switch(f.j.g){case 1:case 3:h.a+=e.a;break;case 2:case 4:h.b+=e.b;}Gsb(d,h,d.c.b,d.c)} +function yJc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;g=Jkb(a.e,b,0);f=new zJc;f.b=c;d=new Bib(a.e,g);while(d.b1;b>>=1){(b&1)!=0&&(d=Ogb(d,c));c.d==1?(c=Ogb(c,c)):(c=new Xgb(Lhb(c.a,c.d,KC(WD,oje,25,c.d<<1,15,1))))}d=Ogb(d,c);return d} +function zub(){zub=ccb;var a,b,c,d;wub=KC(UD,Vje,25,25,15,1);xub=KC(UD,Vje,25,33,15,1);d=1.52587890625E-5;for(b=32;b>=0;b--){xub[b]=d;d*=0.5}c=1;for(a=24;a>=0;a--){wub[a]=c;c*=0.5}} +function S1b(a){var b,c;if(Ccb(DD(hkd(a,(Nyc(),fxc))))){for(c=new Sr(ur(_sd(a).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(c);){b=BD(Rr(c),79);if(Qld(b)){if(Ccb(DD(hkd(b,gxc)))){return true}}}}return false} +function kjc(a,b){var c,d,e;if(Qqb(a.f,b)){b.b=a;d=b.c;Jkb(a.j,d,0)!=-1||Ekb(a.j,d);e=b.d;Jkb(a.j,e,0)!=-1||Ekb(a.j,e);c=b.a.b;if(c.c.length!=0){!a.i&&(a.i=new vjc(a));qjc(a.i,c)}}} +function rmc(a){var b,c,d,e,f;c=a.c.d;d=c.j;e=a.d.d;f=e.j;if(d==f){return c.p=0&&dfb(a.substr(b,'GMT'.length),'GMT')){c[0]=b+3;return tA(a,c,d)}if(b>=0&&dfb(a.substr(b,'UTC'.length),'UTC')){c[0]=b+3;return tA(a,c,d)}return tA(a,c,d)} +function tjc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;f=a.g.a;g=a.g.b;for(d=new olb(a.d);d.ac;f--){a[f]|=b[f-c-1]>>>g;a[f-1]=b[f-c-1]<=a.f){break}f.c[f.c.length]=c}return f} +function sfd(a){var b,c,d,e;b=null;for(e=new olb(a.wf());e.a0&&$fb(a.g,b,a.g,b+d,h);g=c.Kc();a.i+=d;for(e=0;ef&&nfb(j,sfb(c[h],ltb))){e=h;f=i}}e>=0&&(d[0]=b+f);return e} +function MIb(a,b){var c;c=NIb(a.b.Hf(),b.b.Hf());if(c!=0){return c}switch(a.b.Hf().g){case 1:case 2:return beb(a.b.sf(),b.b.sf());case 3:case 4:return beb(b.b.sf(),a.b.sf());}return 0} +function iRb(a){var b,c,d;d=a.e.c.length;a.a=IC(WD,[nie,oje],[48,25],15,[d,d],2);for(c=new olb(a.c);c.a>4&15;f=a[d]&15;g[e++]=Qmd[c];g[e++]=Qmd[f]}return zfb(g,0,g.length)}} +function j3d(a,b,c){var d,e,f;d=b.ak();f=b.dd();e=d.$j()?H2d(a,4,d,f,null,M2d(a,d,f,JD(d,99)&&(BD(d,18).Bb&Tje)!=0),true):H2d(a,d.Kj()?2:1,d,f,d.zj(),-1,true);c?c.Ei(e):(c=e);return c} +function wfb(a){var b,c;if(a>=Tje){b=Uje+(a-Tje>>10&1023)&aje;c=56320+(a-Tje&1023)&aje;return String.fromCharCode(b)+(''+String.fromCharCode(c))}else{return String.fromCharCode(a&aje)}} +function bKb(a,b){$Jb();var c,d,e,f;e=BD(BD(Qc(a.r,b),21),84);if(e.gc()>=2){d=BD(e.Kc().Pb(),111);c=a.u.Hc((rcd(),mcd));f=a.u.Hc(qcd);return !d.a&&!c&&(e.gc()==2||f)}else{return false}} +function IVc(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h;f=JVc(a,b,c,d,e);h=false;while(!f){AVc(a,e,true);h=true;f=JVc(a,b,c,d,e)}h&&AVc(a,e,false);g=dVc(e);if(g.c.length!=0){!!a.d&&a.d.lg(g);IVc(a,e,c,d,g)}} +function Mad(){Mad=ccb;Kad=new Nad(ane,0);Iad=new Nad('DIRECTED',1);Lad=new Nad('UNDIRECTED',2);Gad=new Nad('ASSOCIATION',3);Jad=new Nad('GENERALIZATION',4);Had=new Nad('DEPENDENCY',5)} +function kfd(a,b){var c;if(!mpd(a)){throw vbb(new Zdb(Sse))}c=mpd(a);switch(b.g){case 1:return -(a.j+a.f);case 2:return a.i-c.g;case 3:return a.j-c.f;case 4:return -(a.i+a.g);}return 0} +function cub(a,b){var c,d;uCb(b);d=a.b.c.length;Ekb(a.b,b);while(d>0){c=d;d=(d-1)/2|0;if(a.a.ue(Ikb(a.b,d),b)<=0){Nkb(a.b,c,b);return true}Nkb(a.b,c,Ikb(a.b,d))}Nkb(a.b,d,b);return true} +function BHb(a,b,c,d){var e,f;e=0;if(!c){for(f=0;f=h} +function Tpd(a,b,c,d){var e;e=false;if(ND(d)){e=true;Upd(b,c,GD(d))}if(!e){if(KD(d)){e=true;Tpd(a,b,c,d)}}if(!e){if(JD(d,236)){e=true;Spd(b,c,BD(d,236))}}if(!e){throw vbb(new vcb(Ute))}} +function W0d(a,b){var c,d,e;c=b.Hh(a.a);if(c){e=AAd((!c.b&&(c.b=new sId((jGd(),fGd),x6,c)),c.b),Sve);if(e!=null){for(d=1;d<(O6d(),K6d).length;++d){if(dfb(K6d[d],e)){return d}}}}return 0} +function X0d(a,b){var c,d,e;c=b.Hh(a.a);if(c){e=AAd((!c.b&&(c.b=new sId((jGd(),fGd),x6,c)),c.b),Sve);if(e!=null){for(d=1;d<(O6d(),L6d).length;++d){if(dfb(L6d[d],e)){return 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rUb('P2_LAYERING',1);nUb=new rUb('P3_NODE_ORDERING',2);oUb=new rUb('P4_NODE_PLACEMENT',3);pUb=new rUb('P5_EDGE_ROUTING',4)} +function SUb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;e=b==1?KUb:JUb;for(d=e.a.ec().Kc();d.Ob();){c=BD(d.Pb(),103);for(g=BD(Qc(a.f.c,c),21).Kc();g.Ob();){f=BD(g.Pb(),46);Lkb(a.b.b,f.b);Lkb(a.b.a,BD(f.b,81).d)}}} +function IWb(a,b){AWb();var c;if(a.c==b.c){if(a.b==b.b||pWb(a.b,b.b)){c=mWb(a.b)?1:-1;if(a.a&&!b.a){return c}else if(!a.a&&b.a){return -c}}return beb(a.b.g,b.b.g)}else{return Kdb(a.c,b.c)}} +function y6b(a,b){var c;Odd(b,'Hierarchical port position processing',1);c=a.b;c.c.length>0&&x6b((tCb(0,c.c.length),BD(c.c[0],29)),a);c.c.length>1&&x6b(BD(Ikb(c,c.c.length-1),29),a);Qdd(b)} +function RVc(a,b){var c,d,e;if(CVc(a,b)){return true}for(d=new olb(b);d.a=e||b<0)throw vbb(new qcb(lue+b+mue+e));if(c>=e||c<0)throw vbb(new qcb(nue+c+mue+e));b!=c?(d=(f=a.Ti(c),a.Hi(b,f),f)):(d=a.Oi(c));return d} +function m6d(a){var b,c,d;d=a;if(a){b=0;for(c=a.Ug();c;c=c.Ug()){if(++b>Wje){return 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c,d;if(a.f){while(b.Sb()){c=BD(b.Ub(),72);d=c.ak();if(JD(d,99)&&(BD(d,18).Bb&ote)!=0&&(!a.e||d.Gj()!=x2||d.aj()!=0)&&c.dd()!=null){b.Pb();return true}}return false}else{return b.Sb()}} +function I2d(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i;i=S6d(a.e.Tg(),b);d=0;h=a.i;e=BD(a.g,119);for(g=0;g1&&(b.c[b.c.length]=f,true)}} +function TJc(a){var b,c,d,e;c=new Psb;ye(c,a.o);d=new twb;while(c.b!=0){b=BD(c.b==0?null:(sCb(c.b!=0),Nsb(c,c.a.a)),508);e=KJc(a,b,true);e&&Ekb(d.a,b)}while(d.a.c.length!=0){b=BD(rwb(d),508);KJc(a,b,false)}} +function _5c(){_5c=ccb;$5c=new a6c(ole,0);T5c=new a6c('BOOLEAN',1);X5c=new a6c('INT',2);Z5c=new a6c('STRING',3);U5c=new a6c('DOUBLE',4);V5c=new a6c('ENUM',5);W5c=new a6c('ENUMSET',6);Y5c=new a6c('OBJECT',7)} +function H6c(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;d=$wnd.Math.min(a.c,b.c);f=$wnd.Math.min(a.d,b.d);e=$wnd.Math.max(a.c+a.b,b.c+b.b);g=$wnd.Math.max(a.d+a.a,b.d+b.a);if(e=(e/2|0)){this.e=!d?null:d.c;this.d=e;while(c++0){uu(this)}}this.b=b;this.a=null} +function rEb(a,b){var c,d;b.a?sEb(a,b):(c=BD(Exb(a.b,b.b),57),!!c&&c==a.a[b.b.f]&&!!c.a&&c.a!=b.b.a&&c.c.Fc(b.b),d=BD(Dxb(a.b,b.b),57),!!d&&a.a[d.f]==b.b&&!!d.a&&d.a!=b.b.a&&b.b.c.Fc(d),Fxb(a.b,b.b),undefined)} +function FJb(a,b){var c,d;c=BD(Mpb(a.b,b),124);if(BD(BD(Qc(a.r,b),21),84).dc()){c.n.b=0;c.n.c=0;return}c.n.b=a.C.b;c.n.c=a.C.c;a.A.Hc((tdd(),sdd))&&KJb(a,b);d=JJb(a,b);KIb(a,b)==(Tbd(),Qbd)&&(d+=2*a.w);c.a.a=d} +function OKb(a,b){var c,d;c=BD(Mpb(a.b,b),124);if(BD(BD(Qc(a.r,b),21),84).dc()){c.n.d=0;c.n.a=0;return}c.n.d=a.C.d;c.n.a=a.C.a;a.A.Hc((tdd(),sdd))&&SKb(a,b);d=RKb(a,b);KIb(a,b)==(Tbd(),Qbd)&&(d+=2*a.w);c.a.b=d} +function cOb(a,b){var c,d,e,f;f=new Rkb;for(d=new olb(b);d.ac.a&&(d.Hc((i8c(),c8c))?(e=(b.a-c.a)/2):d.Hc(e8c)&&(e=b.a-c.a));b.b>c.b&&(d.Hc((i8c(),g8c))?(f=(b.b-c.b)/2):d.Hc(f8c)&&(f=b.b-c.b));Efd(a,e,f)} +function 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c,d,e,f;d=BD(b,49).qh();if(d){try{e=null;c=nUd((yFd(),xFd),LEd(MEd(d)));if(c){f=c.rh();!!f&&(e=f.Wk(tfb(d.e)))}if(!!e&&e!=b){return q6d(e)}}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(!JD(a,60))throw vbb(a)}}return b} +function jrb(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;g=b==null?0:a.b.se(b);e=(d=a.a.get(g),d==null?new Array:d);if(e.length==0){a.a.set(g,e)}else{f=grb(a,b,e);if(f){return f.ed(c)}}NC(e,e.length,new pjb(b,c));++a.c;zpb(a.b);return null} +function YUc(a,b){var c,d;H2c(a.a);K2c(a.a,(PUc(),NUc),NUc);K2c(a.a,OUc,OUc);d=new j3c;e3c(d,OUc,(tVc(),sVc));PD(hkd(b,(ZWc(),LWc)))!==PD((pWc(),mWc))&&e3c(d,OUc,qVc);e3c(d,OUc,rVc);E2c(a.a,d);c=F2c(a.a,b);return c} +function uC(a){if(!a){return OB(),NB}var b=a.valueOf?a.valueOf():a;if(b!==a){var c=qC[typeof b];return c?c(b):xC(typeof b)}else if(a instanceof Array||a instanceof $wnd.Array){return new xB(a)}else{return new fC(a)}} +function RJb(a,b,c){var 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c,d,e;c=BD(vNb(b,(wSb(),oSb)),19).a-BD(vNb(a,oSb),19).a;if(c==0){d=c7c(R6c(BD(vNb(a,(HSb(),DSb)),8)),BD(vNb(a,ESb),8));e=c7c(R6c(BD(vNb(b,DSb),8)),BD(vNb(b,ESb),8));return Kdb(d.a*d.b,e.a*e.b)}return c} +function iRc(a,b){var c,d,e;c=BD(vNb(b,(JTc(),ETc)),19).a-BD(vNb(a,ETc),19).a;if(c==0){d=c7c(R6c(BD(vNb(a,(mTc(),VSc)),8)),BD(vNb(a,WSc),8));e=c7c(R6c(BD(vNb(b,VSc),8)),BD(vNb(b,WSc),8));return Kdb(d.a*d.b,e.a*e.b)}return c} +function TZb(a){var b,c;c=new Ufb;c.a+='e_';b=KZb(a);b!=null&&(c.a+=''+b,c);if(!!a.c&&!!a.d){Qfb((c.a+=' ',c),C0b(a.c));Qfb(Pfb((c.a+='[',c),a.c.i),']');Qfb((c.a+=gne,c),C0b(a.d));Qfb(Pfb((c.a+='[',c),a.d.i),']')}return c.a} +function zRc(a){switch(a.g){case 0:return new lUc;case 1:return new sUc;case 2:return new CUc;case 3:return new IUc;default:throw vbb(new Wdb('No implementation is available for the layout phase '+(a.f!=null?a.f:''+a.g)));}} +function mfd(a,b,c,d,e){var f;f=0;switch(e.g){case 1:f=$wnd.Math.max(0,b.b+a.b-(c.b+d));break;case 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EZd);Shb(xFd,_ve,a);return a} +function v2d(a,b){var c,d,e,f;a.j=-1;if(oid(a.e)){c=a.i;f=a.i!=0;lud(a,b);d=new pSd(a.e,3,a.c,null,b,c,f);e=b.Qk(a.e,a.c,null);e=h3d(a,b,e);if(!e){Uhd(a.e,d)}else{e.Ei(d);e.Fi()}}else{lud(a,b);e=b.Qk(a.e,a.c,null);!!e&&e.Fi()}} +function rA(a,b){var c,d,e;e=0;d=b[0];if(d>=a.length){return -1}c=(BCb(d,a.length),a.charCodeAt(d));while(c>=48&&c<=57){e=e*10+(c-48);++d;if(d>=a.length){break}c=(BCb(d,a.length),a.charCodeAt(d))}d>b[0]?(b[0]=d):(e=-1);return e} +function vMb(a){var b,c,d,e,f;e=BD(a.a,19).a;f=BD(a.b,19).a;c=e;d=f;b=$wnd.Math.max($wnd.Math.abs(e),$wnd.Math.abs(f));if(e<=0&&e==f){c=0;d=f-1}else{if(e==-b&&f!=b){c=f;d=e;f>=0&&++c}else{c=-f;d=e}}return new vgd(meb(c),meb(d))} +function fNb(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j;for(e=0;e=0&&j>=0&&i=a.i)throw vbb(new qcb(lue+b+mue+a.i));if(c>=a.i)throw vbb(new 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Zdd,0));Odd(h,Vme,1);aUb(a.c,b);g=EYb(a.a,b);if(g.gc()==1){MTb(BD(g.Xb(0),37),h)}else{f=1/g.gc();for(e=g.Kc();e.Ob();){d=BD(e.Pb(),37);MTb(d,Udd(h,f))}}CYb(a.a,g,b);NTb(b);Qdd(h)} +function qYb(a){this.a=a;if(a.c.i.k==(j0b(),e0b)){this.c=a.c;this.d=BD(vNb(a.c.i,(wtc(),Hsc)),61)}else if(a.d.i.k==e0b){this.c=a.d;this.d=BD(vNb(a.d.i,(wtc(),Hsc)),61)}else{throw vbb(new Wdb('Edge '+a+' is not an external edge.'))}} +function oQd(a,b){var c,d,e;e=a.b;a.b=b;(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,3,e,a.b));if(!b){pnd(a,null);qQd(a,0);pQd(a,null)}else if(b!=a){pnd(a,b.zb);qQd(a,b.d);c=(d=b.c,d==null?b.zb:d);pQd(a,c==null||dfb(c,b.zb)?null:c)}} +function NRd(a){var b,c;if(a.f){while(a.n=g)throw vbb(new Cyd(b,g));e=c[b];if(g==1){d=null}else{d=KC($3,hve,415,g-1,0,1);$fb(c,0,d,0,b);f=g-b-1;f>0&&$fb(c,b+1,d,b,f)}b0d(a,d);a0d(a,b,e);return e} +function m8d(){m8d=ccb;k8d=BD(qud(ZKd((r8d(),q8d).qb),6),34);h8d=BD(qud(ZKd(q8d.qb),3),34);i8d=BD(qud(ZKd(q8d.qb),4),34);j8d=BD(qud(ZKd(q8d.qb),5),18);XId(k8d);XId(h8d);XId(i8d);XId(j8d);l8d=new amb(OC(GC(t5,1),Mve,170,0,[k8d,h8d]))} +function AJb(a,b){var c;this.d=new H_b;this.b=b;this.e=new g7c(b.qf());c=a.u.Hc((rcd(),ocd));a.u.Hc(ncd)?a.D?(this.a=c&&!b.If()):(this.a=true):a.u.Hc(pcd)?c?(this.a=!(b.zf().Kc().Ob()||b.Bf().Kc().Ob())):(this.a=false):(this.a=false)} +function IKb(a,b){var c,d,e,f;c=a.o.a;for(f=BD(BD(Qc(a.r,b),21),84).Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),111);e.e.a=(d=e.b,d.Xe((Y9c(),s9c))?d.Hf()==(Ucd(),Tcd)?-d.rf().a-Edb(ED(d.We(s9c))):c+Edb(ED(d.We(s9c))):d.Hf()==(Ucd(),Tcd)?-d.rf().a:c)}} +function Q1b(a,b){var c,d,e,f;c=BD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),Lwc)),103);f=BD(hkd(b,$xc),61);e=BD(vNb(a,Vxc),98);if(e!=(dcd(),bcd)&&e!=ccd){if(f==(Ucd(),Scd)){f=lfd(b,c);f==Scd&&(f=Zcd(c))}}else{d=M1b(b);d>0?(f=Zcd(c)):(f=Wcd(Zcd(c)))}jkd(b,$xc,f)} +function olc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;g=a.j;b.a!=b.b&&Okb(g,new 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d,e,f;e=BD(Mpb(a.i,b),306);if(!e){e=new bIb(a.d,b,c);Npb(a.i,b,e);if(sJb(b)){CHb(a.a,b.c,b.b,e)}else{f=rJb(b);d=BD(Mpb(a.p,f),244);switch(f.g){case 1:case 3:e.j=true;lIb(d,b.b,e);break;case 4:case 2:e.k=true;lIb(d,b.c,e);}}}return e} +function r3d(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j;h=new yud;i=S6d(a.e.Tg(),b);e=BD(a.g,119);Q6d();if(BD(b,66).Oj()){for(g=0;g=0){return e}else{f=1;for(h=new olb(b.j);h.a0&&b.ue((tCb(e-1,a.c.length),BD(a.c[e-1],10)),f)>0){Nkb(a,e,(tCb(e-1,a.c.length),BD(a.c[e-1],10)));--e}tCb(e,a.c.length);a.c[e]=f}c.a=new Lqb;c.b=new Lqb} +function n5c(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;k=(d=BD(b.e&&b.e(),9),new xqb(d,BD(_Bb(d,d.length),9),0));i=mfb(c,'[\\[\\]\\s,]+');for(f=i,g=0,h=f.length;g0){!(fad(a.a.c)&&b.n.d)&&!(gad(a.a.c)&&b.n.b)&&(b.g.d-=$wnd.Math.max(0,d/2-0.5));!(fad(a.a.c)&&b.n.a)&&!(gad(a.a.c)&&b.n.c)&&(b.g.a+=$wnd.Math.max(0,d-1))}}} +function Hac(a,b,c){var d,e;if((a.c-a.b&a.a.length-1)==2){if(b==(Ucd(),Acd)||b==zcd){xac(BD(bkb(a),15),(rbd(),nbd));xac(BD(bkb(a),15),obd)}else{xac(BD(bkb(a),15),(rbd(),obd));xac(BD(bkb(a),15),nbd)}}else{for(e=new xkb(a);e.a!=e.b;){d=BD(vkb(e),15);xac(d,c)}}} +function htd(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;e=Nu(new qtd(a));h=new Bib(e,e.c.length);f=Nu(new qtd(b));i=new Bib(f,f.c.length);g=null;while(h.b>0&&i.b>0){c=(sCb(h.b>0),BD(h.a.Xb(h.c=--h.b),33));d=(sCb(i.b>0),BD(i.a.Xb(i.c=--i.b),33));if(c==d){g=c}else{break}}return g} +function Cub(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;f=a.a*kke+a.b*1502;h=a.b*kke+11;c=$wnd.Math.floor(h*lke);f+=c;h-=c*mke;f%=mke;a.a=f;a.b=h;if(b<=24){return $wnd.Math.floor(a.a*wub[b])}else{e=a.a*(1<=2147483648&&(d-=Zje);return d}} +function Zic(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;if(bjc(a,b)>bjc(a,c)){d=V_b(c,(Ucd(),zcd));a.d=d.dc()?0:B0b(BD(d.Xb(0),11));g=V_b(b,Tcd);a.b=g.dc()?0:B0b(BD(g.Xb(0),11))}else{e=V_b(c,(Ucd(),Tcd));a.d=e.dc()?0:B0b(BD(e.Xb(0),11));f=V_b(b,zcd);a.b=f.dc()?0:B0b(BD(f.Xb(0),11))}} +function l6d(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;if(a){b=a.Hh(_ve);if(b){g=GD(AAd((!b.b&&(b.b=new sId((jGd(),fGd),x6,b)),b.b),'conversionDelegates'));if(g!=null){h=new Rkb;for(d=mfb(g,'\\w+'),e=0,f=d.length;ea.c){break}else if(e.a>=a.s){f<0&&(f=g);h=g}}i=(a.s+a.c)/2;if(f>=0){d=NOc(a,b,f,h);i=$Oc((tCb(d,b.c.length),BD(b.c[d],329)));YOc(b,d,c)}return i} +function lZc(){lZc=ccb;RYc=new Osd((Y9c(),r8c),1.3);VYc=I8c;gZc=new q0b(15);fZc=new Osd(f9c,gZc);jZc=new Osd(T9c,15);SYc=w8c;_Yc=Y8c;aZc=_8c;bZc=b9c;$Yc=W8c;cZc=e9c;hZc=x9c;eZc=(OYc(),KYc);ZYc=IYc;dZc=JYc;iZc=MYc;WYc=HYc;XYc=O8c;YYc=P8c;UYc=GYc;TYc=FYc;kZc=NYc} +function Bnd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j;g=(f=new RHd,f);PHd(g,(uCb(b),b));j=(!g.b&&(g.b=new sId((jGd(),fGd),x6,g)),g.b);for(i=1;i0&&JPb(this,e)}} +function IQb(a,b,c,d,e,f){var g,h,i;if(!e[b.b]){e[b.b]=true;g=d;!g&&(g=new kRb);Ekb(g.e,b);for(i=f[b.b].Kc();i.Ob();){h=BD(i.Pb(),282);if(h.d==c||h.c==c){continue}h.c!=b&&IQb(a,h.c,b,g,e,f);h.d!=b&&IQb(a,h.d,b,g,e,f);Ekb(g.c,h);Gkb(g.d,h.b)}return g}return null} +function e4b(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;b=0;for(e=new olb(a.e);e.a=2} +function gec(a,b){var c,d,e,f;Odd(b,'Self-Loop pre-processing',1);for(d=new olb(a.a);d.a1){return false}b=qqb(zbd,OC(GC(B1,1),Kie,93,0,[ybd,Bbd]));if(Ox(Cx(b,a))>1){return false}d=qqb(Gbd,OC(GC(B1,1),Kie,93,0,[Fbd,Ebd]));if(Ox(Cx(d,a))>1){return false}return true} +function U0d(a,b){var c,d,e;c=b.Hh(a.a);if(c){e=GD(AAd((!c.b&&(c.b=new sId((jGd(),fGd),x6,c)),c.b),'affiliation'));if(e!=null){d=kfb(e,wfb(35));return d==-1?l1d(a,u1d(a,bKd(b.Hj())),e):d==0?l1d(a,null,e.substr(1)):l1d(a,e.substr(0,d),e.substr(d+1))}}return null} +function ic(b){var c,d,e;try{return b==null?Xhe:fcb(b)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,102)){c=a;e=hdb(rb(b))+'@'+(d=(Zfb(),kCb(b))>>>0,d.toString(16));tyb(xyb(),($xb(),'Exception during lenientFormat for '+e),c);return '<'+e+' threw '+hdb(c.gm)+'>'}else throw vbb(a)}} +function mzc(a){switch(a.g){case 0:return new xDc;case 1:return new ZCc;case 2:return new DCc;case 3:return new QCc;case 4:return new LDc;case 5:return new iDc;default:throw vbb(new Wdb('No implementation is available for the layerer '+(a.f!=null?a.f:''+a.g)));}} +function AQc(a,b,c){var d,e,f;for(f=new olb(a.t);f.a0){d.b.n-=d.c;d.b.n<=0&&d.b.u>0&&Dsb(b,d.b)}}for(e=new olb(a.i);e.a0){d.a.u-=d.c;d.a.u<=0&&d.a.n>0&&Dsb(c,d.a)}}} +function Vud(a){var b,c,d,e,f;if(a.g==null){a.d=a.si(a.f);wtd(a,a.d);if(a.c){f=a.f;return f}}b=BD(a.g[a.i-1],47);e=b.Pb();a.e=b;c=a.si(e);if(c.Ob()){a.d=c;wtd(a,c)}else{a.d=null;while(!b.Ob()){NC(a.g,--a.i,null);if(a.i==0){break}d=BD(a.g[a.i-1],47);b=d}}return e} +function r2d(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;d=b;e=d.ak();if(T6d(a.e,e)){if(e.hi()&&E2d(a,e,d.dd())){return false}}else{h=S6d(a.e.Tg(),e);c=BD(a.g,119);for(f=0;f1||c>1){return 2}}if(b+c==1){return 2}return 0} +function WQb(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h;Odd(c,'ELK Force',1);Ccb(DD(hkd(b,(wSb(),jSb))))||$Cb((d=new _Cb((Pgd(),new bhd(b))),d));h=TQb(b);XQb(h);YQb(a,BD(vNb(h,fSb),424));g=LQb(a.a,h);for(f=g.Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),231);tRb(a.b,e,Udd(c,1/g.gc()))}h=KQb(g);SQb(h);Qdd(c)} +function yoc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;Odd(b,'Breaking Point Processor',1);xoc(a);if(Ccb(DD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),Jyc))))){for(e=new olb(a.b);e.a=0?a._g(d,true,true):sid(a,f,true),153));BD(e,215).ml(b,c)}else{throw vbb(new Wdb(ite+b.ne()+jte))}} +function ROc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;c=new Rkb;e=LAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(a,16)),new iPc);f=LAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(a,16)),new kPc);g=aAb(_zb(OAb(ty(OC(GC(xM,1),Uhe,833,0,[e,f])),new mPc)));for(d=1;d=2*b&&Ekb(c,new bPc(g[d-1]+b,g[d]-b))}return c} +function AXc(a,b,c){Odd(c,'Eades radial',1);c.n&&!!b&&Tdd(c,i6d(b),(pgd(),mgd));a.d=BD(hkd(b,(MUc(),LUc)),33);a.c=Edb(ED(hkd(b,(ZWc(),VWc))));a.e=tXc(BD(hkd(b,WWc),293));a.a=gWc(BD(hkd(b,YWc),426));a.b=jXc(BD(hkd(b,RWc),340));BXc(a);c.n&&!!b&&Tdd(c,i6d(b),(pgd(),mgd))} +function Fqd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,j,k,l;if(c){f=c.a.length;d=new Yge(f);for(h=(d.b-d.a)*d.c<0?(Xge(),Wge):new she(d);h.Ob();){g=BD(h.Pb(),19);e=Zpd(c,g.a);!!e&&(i=null,j=Uqd(a,(k=(Fhd(),l=new ppd,l),!!b&&npd(k,b),k),e),Lkd(j,_pd(e,Vte)),grd(e,j),hrd(e,j),crd(a,e,j))}}} +function UKd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g;if(!a.j){g=new HPd;b=KKd;f=b.a.zc(a,b);if(f==null){for(d=new Fyd(_Kd(a));d.e!=d.i.gc();){c=BD(Dyd(d),26);e=UKd(c);ytd(g,e);wtd(g,c)}b.a.Bc(a)!=null}vud(g);a.j=new nNd((BD(qud(ZKd((NFd(),MFd).o),11),18),g.i),g.g);$Kd(a).b&=-33}return a.j} +function O9d(a){var b,c,d,e;if(a==null){return null}else{d=Qge(a,true);e=Nwe.length;if(dfb(d.substr(d.length-e,e),Nwe)){c=d.length;if(c==4){b=(BCb(0,d.length),d.charCodeAt(0));if(b==43){return z9d}else if(b==45){return y9d}}else if(c==3){return z9d}}return new Odb(d)}} +function _C(a){var b,c,d;c=a.l;if((c&c-1)!=0){return -1}d=a.m;if((d&d-1)!=0){return -1}b=a.h;if((b&b-1)!=0){return -1}if(b==0&&d==0&&c==0){return -1}if(b==0&&d==0&&c!=0){return ieb(c)}if(b==0&&d!=0&&c==0){return ieb(d)+22}if(b!=0&&d==0&&c==0){return ieb(b)+44}return -1} +function qbc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;Odd(b,'Edge joining',1);c=Ccb(DD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),Byc))));for(e=new olb(a.b);e.a1){for(e=new olb(a.a);e.a0);f.a.Xb(f.c=--f.b);Aib(f,e);sCb(f.b3&&EA(a,0,b-3)}} +function cUb(a){var b,c,d,e;if(PD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),axc)))===PD((hbd(),ebd))){return !a.e&&PD(vNb(a,Cwc))!==PD((Xrc(),Urc))}d=BD(vNb(a,Dwc),292);e=Ccb(DD(vNb(a,Hwc)))||PD(vNb(a,Iwc))===PD((Rpc(),Opc));b=BD(vNb(a,Bwc),19).a;c=a.a.c.length;return !e&&d!=(Xrc(),Urc)&&(b==0||b>c)} +function lkc(a){var b,c;c=0;for(;c0){break}}if(c>0&&c0){break}}if(b>0&&c>16!=6&&!!b){if(p6d(a,b))throw vbb(new Wdb(ste+qmd(a)));d=null;!!a.Cb&&(d=(c=a.Db>>16,c>=0?cmd(a,d):a.Cb.ih(a,-1-c,null,d)));!!b&&(d=kid(b,a,6,d));d=bmd(a,b,d);!!d&&d.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,6,b,b))} +function npd(a,b){var c,d;if(b!=a.Cb||a.Db>>16!=9&&!!b){if(p6d(a,b))throw vbb(new Wdb(ste+opd(a)));d=null;!!a.Cb&&(d=(c=a.Db>>16,c>=0?lpd(a,d):a.Cb.ih(a,-1-c,null,d)));!!b&&(d=kid(b,a,9,d));d=kpd(a,b,d);!!d&&d.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,9,b,b))} +function Rld(a,b){var c,d;if(b!=a.Cb||a.Db>>16!=3&&!!b){if(p6d(a,b))throw vbb(new Wdb(ste+Sld(a)));d=null;!!a.Cb&&(d=(c=a.Db>>16,c>=0?Lld(a,d):a.Cb.ih(a,-1-c,null,d)));!!b&&(d=kid(b,a,12,d));d=Kld(a,b,d);!!d&&d.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,3,b,b))} +function VId(b){var c,d,e,f,g;e=wId(b);g=b.j;if(g==null&&!!e){return b.$j()?null:e.zj()}else if(JD(e,148)){d=e.Aj();if(d){f=d.Nh();if(f!=b.i){c=BD(e,148);if(c.Ej()){try{b.g=f.Kh(c,g)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,78)){b.g=null}else throw vbb(a)}}b.i=f}}return b.g}return null} +function wOb(a){var b;b=new Rkb;Ekb(b,new aDb(new f7c(a.c,a.d),new f7c(a.c+a.b,a.d)));Ekb(b,new aDb(new f7c(a.c,a.d),new f7c(a.c,a.d+a.a)));Ekb(b,new aDb(new f7c(a.c+a.b,a.d+a.a),new f7c(a.c+a.b,a.d)));Ekb(b,new aDb(new f7c(a.c+a.b,a.d+a.a),new f7c(a.c,a.d+a.a)));return b} +function IJc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g;g=LZb(b,c);d.c[d.c.length]=b;if(a.j[g.p]==-1||a.j[g.p]==2||a.a[b.p]){return d}a.j[g.p]=-1;for(f=new Sr(ur(O_b(g).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(f);){e=BD(Rr(f),17);if(!(!OZb(e)&&!(!OZb(e)&&e.c.i.c==e.d.i.c))||e==b){continue}return IJc(a,e,g,d)}return d} +function vQb(a,b,c){var d,e,f;for(f=b.a.ec().Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),79);d=BD(Ohb(a.b,e),266);!d&&(Xod(jtd(e))==Xod(ltd(e))?uQb(a,e,c):jtd(e)==Xod(ltd(e))?Ohb(a.c,e)==null&&Ohb(a.b,ltd(e))!=null&&xQb(a,e,c,false):Ohb(a.d,e)==null&&Ohb(a.b,jtd(e))!=null&&xQb(a,e,c,true))}} +function jcc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;for(e=a.Kc();e.Ob();){d=BD(e.Pb(),10);h=new H0b;F0b(h,d);G0b(h,(Ucd(),zcd));yNb(h,(wtc(),ftc),(Bcb(),true));for(g=b.Kc();g.Ob();){f=BD(g.Pb(),10);i=new H0b;F0b(i,f);G0b(i,Tcd);yNb(i,ftc,true);c=new UZb;yNb(c,ftc,true);QZb(c,h);RZb(c,i)}}} +function jnc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h;e=hnc(a,b,c);f=hnc(a,c,b);g=BD(Ohb(a.c,b),112);h=BD(Ohb(a.c,c),112);if(ed.b.g&&(f.c[f.c.length]=d,true)}}return f} +function k$c(){k$c=ccb;g$c=new l$c('CANDIDATE_POSITION_LAST_PLACED_RIGHT',0);f$c=new l$c('CANDIDATE_POSITION_LAST_PLACED_BELOW',1);i$c=new l$c('CANDIDATE_POSITION_WHOLE_DRAWING_RIGHT',2);h$c=new l$c('CANDIDATE_POSITION_WHOLE_DRAWING_BELOW',3);j$c=new l$c('WHOLE_DRAWING',4)} +function Xqd(a,b){if(JD(b,239)){return iqd(a,BD(b,33))}else if(JD(b,186)){return jqd(a,BD(b,118))}else if(JD(b,354)){return hqd(a,BD(b,137))}else if(JD(b,352)){return gqd(a,BD(b,79))}else if(b){return null}else{throw vbb(new Wdb(Xte+Fe(new amb(OC(GC(SI,1),Uhe,1,5,[b])))))}} +function aic(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;f=new Psb;for(e=new olb(a.d.a);e.a1){b=nGb((c=new pGb,++a.b,c),a.d);for(h=Jsb(f,0);h.b!=h.d.c;){g=BD(Xsb(h),121);AFb(DFb(CFb(EFb(BFb(new FFb,1),0),b),g))}}} +function $od(a,b){var c,d;if(b!=a.Cb||a.Db>>16!=11&&!!b){if(p6d(a,b))throw vbb(new Wdb(ste+_od(a)));d=null;!!a.Cb&&(d=(c=a.Db>>16,c>=0?Uod(a,d):a.Cb.ih(a,-1-c,null,d)));!!b&&(d=kid(b,a,10,d));d=Tod(a,b,d);!!d&&d.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,11,b,b))} +function uZb(a){var b,c,d,e;for(d=new nib((new eib(a.b)).a);d.b;){c=lib(d);e=BD(c.cd(),11);b=BD(c.dd(),10);yNb(b,(wtc(),$sc),e);yNb(e,gtc,b);yNb(e,Nsc,(Bcb(),true));G0b(e,BD(vNb(b,Hsc),61));vNb(b,Hsc);yNb(e.i,(Nyc(),Vxc),(dcd(),acd));BD(vNb(Q_b(e.i),Ksc),21).Fc((Orc(),Krc))}} +function G4b(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i;f=0;g=0;if(a.c){for(i=new olb(a.d.i.j);i.af.a){return -1}else if(e.ai){k=a.d;a.d=KC(y4,jve,63,2*i+4,0,1);for(f=0;f=9223372036854775807){return wD(),sD}e=false;if(a<0){e=true;a=-a}d=0;if(a>=Ije){d=QD(a/Ije);a-=d*Ije}c=0;if(a>=Hje){c=QD(a/Hje);a-=c*Hje}b=QD(a);f=TC(b,c,d);e&&ZC(f);return f} +function rKb(a,b){var c,d,e,f;c=!b||!a.u.Hc((rcd(),ncd));f=0;for(e=new olb(a.e.Cf());e.a=-b&&d==b){return new vgd(meb(c-1),meb(d))}return new vgd(meb(c),meb(d-1))} +function W8b(){S8b();return OC(GC(AS,1),Kie,77,0,[Y7b,V7b,Z7b,n8b,G8b,r8b,M8b,w8b,E8b,i8b,A8b,v8b,F8b,e8b,O8b,P7b,z8b,I8b,o8b,H8b,Q8b,C8b,Q7b,D8b,R8b,K8b,P8b,p8b,b8b,q8b,m8b,N8b,T7b,_7b,t8b,S7b,u8b,k8b,f8b,x8b,h8b,W7b,U7b,l8b,g8b,y8b,L8b,R7b,B8b,j8b,s8b,c8b,a8b,J8b,$7b,d8b,X7b])} +function Yic(a,b,c){a.d=0;a.b=0;b.k==(j0b(),i0b)&&c.k==i0b&&BD(vNb(b,(wtc(),$sc)),10)==BD(vNb(c,$sc),10)&&(ajc(b).j==(Ucd(),Acd)?Zic(a,b,c):Zic(a,c,b));b.k==i0b&&c.k==g0b?ajc(b).j==(Ucd(),Acd)?(a.d=1):(a.b=1):c.k==i0b&&b.k==g0b&&(ajc(c).j==(Ucd(),Acd)?(a.b=1):(a.d=1));cjc(a,b,c)} +function esd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;l=hsd(a);b=a.a;i=b!=null;i&&Upd(l,'category',a.a);e=Fhe(new Pib(a.d));g=!e;if(g){j=new wB;cC(l,'knownOptions',j);c=new msd(j);reb(new Pib(a.d),c)}f=Fhe(a.g);h=!f;if(h){k=new wB;cC(l,'supportedFeatures',k);d=new osd(k);reb(a.g,d)}return l} +function ty(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j;d=false;b=336;c=0;f=new Xp(a.length);for(h=a,i=0,j=h.length;i>16!=7&&!!b){if(p6d(a,b))throw vbb(new Wdb(ste+Iod(a)));d=null;!!a.Cb&&(d=(c=a.Db>>16,c>=0?Eod(a,d):a.Cb.ih(a,-1-c,null,d)));!!b&&(d=BD(b,49).gh(a,1,C2,d));d=Dod(a,b,d);!!d&&d.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,7,b,b))} +function NHd(a,b){var c,d;if(b!=a.Cb||a.Db>>16!=3&&!!b){if(p6d(a,b))throw vbb(new Wdb(ste+QHd(a)));d=null;!!a.Cb&&(d=(c=a.Db>>16,c>=0?KHd(a,d):a.Cb.ih(a,-1-c,null,d)));!!b&&(d=BD(b,49).gh(a,0,k5,d));d=JHd(a,b,d);!!d&&d.Fi()}else (a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,3,b,b))} +function Ehb(a,b){Dhb();var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;if(b.d>a.d){h=a;a=b;b=h}if(b.d<63){return Ihb(a,b)}g=(a.d&-2)<<4;j=Rgb(a,g);k=Rgb(b,g);d=yhb(a,Qgb(j,g));e=yhb(b,Qgb(k,g));i=Ehb(j,k);c=Ehb(d,e);f=Ehb(yhb(j,d),yhb(e,k));f=thb(thb(f,i),c);f=Qgb(f,g);i=Qgb(i,g<<1);return thb(thb(i,f),c)} +function aGc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h;g=CHc(a,c);h=KC(OQ,kne,10,b.length,0,1);d=0;for(f=g.Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),11);Ccb(DD(vNb(e,(wtc(),Nsc))))&&(h[d++]=BD(vNb(e,gtc),10))}if(d=0;f+=c?1:-1){g=g|b.c.Sf(i,f,c,d&&!Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,(wtc(),Jsc))))&&!Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,(wtc(),mtc)))));g=g|b.q._f(i,f,c);g=g|cGc(a,i[f],c,d)}Qqb(a.c,b);return g} +function o3b(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;for(k=m_b(a.j),l=0,m=k.length;l1&&(a.a=true);ZNb(BD(c.b,65),P6c(R6c(BD(b.b,65).c),Y6c(c7c(R6c(BD(c.b,65).a),BD(b.b,65).a),e)));D1c(a,b);F1c(a,c)}} +function rVb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;for(f=new olb(a.a.a);f.a0&&f>0?(g.p=b++):d>0?(g.p=c++):f>0?(g.p=e++):(g.p=c++);}}mmb();Okb(a.j,new fcc)} +function Vec(a){var b,c;c=null;b=BD(Ikb(a.g,0),17);do{c=b.d.i;if(wNb(c,(wtc(),Wsc))){return BD(vNb(c,Wsc),11).i}if(c.k!=(j0b(),h0b)&&Qr(new Sr(ur(U_b(c).a.Kc(),new Sq)))){b=BD(Rr(new Sr(ur(U_b(c).a.Kc(),new Sq))),17)}else if(c.k!=h0b){return null}}while(!!c&&c.k!=(j0b(),h0b));return c} +function Omc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;h=b.j;g=b.g;i=BD(Ikb(h,h.c.length-1),113);k=(tCb(0,h.c.length),BD(h.c[0],113));j=Kmc(a,g,i,k);for(f=1;fj){i=c;k=e;j=d}}b.a=k;b.c=i} +function sEb(a,b){var c,d;d=Axb(a.b,b.b);if(!d){throw vbb(new Zdb('Invalid hitboxes for scanline constraint calculation.'))}(mEb(b.b,BD(Cxb(a.b,b.b),57))||mEb(b.b,BD(Bxb(a.b,b.b),57)))&&(Zfb(),b.b+' has overlap.');a.a[b.b.f]=BD(Exb(a.b,b.b),57);c=BD(Dxb(a.b,b.b),57);!!c&&(a.a[c.f]=b.b)} +function AFb(a){if(!a.a.d||!a.a.e){throw vbb(new Zdb((fdb(fN),fN.k+' must have a source and target '+(fdb(jN),jN.k)+' specified.')))}if(a.a.d==a.a.e){throw vbb(new Zdb('Network simplex does not support self-loops: '+a.a+' '+a.a.d+' '+a.a.e))}NFb(a.a.d.g,a.a);NFb(a.a.e.b,a.a);return a.a} +function HHc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j;j=new Hxb(new tIc(a));for(g=OC(GC(aR,1),lne,11,0,[b,c]),h=0,i=g.length;hi-a.b&&hi-a.a&&h0&&++n}}}++m}return n} +function hUc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;g=BD(vNb(b,(JTc(),FTc)),425);for(f=Jsb(b.b,0);f.b!=f.d.c;){e=BD(Xsb(f),86);if(a.b[e.g]==0){switch(g.g){case 0:iUc(a,e);break;case 1:gUc(a,e);}a.b[e.g]=2}}for(d=Jsb(a.a,0);d.b!=d.d.c;){c=BD(Xsb(d),188);ze(c.b.d,c,true);ze(c.c.b,c,true)}yNb(b,(mTc(),gTc),a.a)} +function S6d(a,b){Q6d();var c,d,e,f;if(!b){return P6d}else if(b==(Q8d(),N8d)||(b==v8d||b==t8d||b==u8d)&&a!=s8d){return new Z6d(a,b)}else{d=BD(b,677);c=d.pk();if(!c){a2d(q1d((O6d(),M6d),b));c=d.pk()}f=(!c.i&&(c.i=new Lqb),c.i);e=BD(Wd(irb(f.f,a)),1942);!e&&Rhb(f,a,e=new Z6d(a,b));return e}} +function Tbc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;i=BD(vNb(a,(wtc(),$sc)),11);j=l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[i.i.n,i.n,i.a])).a;k=a.i.n.b;c=k_b(a.e);for(e=c,f=0,g=e.length;f0){if(f.a){h=f.b.rf().a;if(c>h){e=(c-h)/2;f.d.b=e;f.d.c=e}}else{f.d.c=a.s+c}}else if(tcd(a.u)){d=sfd(f.b);d.c<0&&(f.d.b=-d.c);d.c+d.b>f.b.rf().a&&(f.d.c=d.c+d.b-f.b.rf().a)}}} +function Eec(a,b){var c,d,e,f;Odd(b,'Semi-Interactive Crossing Minimization 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false}c.k=d;return true}else if(d>0){c.k=d-1;return true}return false} +function DA(a,b,c,d,e,f){var g,h,i,j;h=32;if(d<0){if(b[0]>=a.length){return false}h=bfb(a,b[0]);if(h!=43&&h!=45){return false}++b[0];d=rA(a,b);if(d<0){return false}h==45&&(d=-d)}if(h==32&&b[0]-c==2&&e.b==2){i=new eB;j=i.q.getFullYear()-nje+nje-80;g=j%100;f.a=d==g;d+=(j/100|0)*100+(d=j&&(i=d)}!!i&&(k=$wnd.Math.max(k,i.a.o.a));if(k>m){l=j;m=k}}return l} +function ode(a,b,c){var d,e,f;a.e=c;a.d=0;a.b=0;a.f=1;a.i=b;(a.e&16)==16&&(a.i=Xee(a.i));a.j=a.i.length;nde(a);f=rde(a);if(a.d!=a.j)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),sue))));if(a.g){for(d=0;dvre?Okb(i,a.b):d<=vre&&d>wre?Okb(i,a.d):d<=wre&&d>xre?Okb(i,a.c):d<=xre&&Okb(i,a.a);f=ZXc(a,i,f)}return e} +function Hgb(){Hgb=ccb;var a;Cgb=new Ugb(1,1);Egb=new Ugb(1,10);Ggb=new Ugb(0,0);Bgb=new Ugb(-1,1);Dgb=OC(GC(cJ,1),nie,91,0,[Ggb,Cgb,new Ugb(1,2),new Ugb(1,3),new Ugb(1,4),new Ugb(1,5),new Ugb(1,6),new Ugb(1,7),new Ugb(1,8),new Ugb(1,9),Egb]);Fgb=KC(cJ,nie,91,32,0,1);for(a=0;a1;if(h){d=new f7c(e,c.b);Dsb(b.a,d)}n7c(b.a,OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[m,l]))} +function jdd(a){r4c(a,new E3c(P3c(M3c(O3c(N3c(new R3c,Rse),'ELK Randomizer'),'Distributes the nodes randomly on the plane, leading to very obfuscating layouts. 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c=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(b);if(c.length!=0){return false}b[a]=42;if(b[a]!==42){return false}if(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(b).length==0){return false}return true} +function Pgc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;b=false;c=0;for(e=new olb(a.d.b);e.a=a.a){return -1}if(!F6b(b,c)){return -1}if(Qq(BD(d.Kb(b),20))){return 1}e=0;for(g=BD(d.Kb(b),20).Kc();g.Ob();){f=BD(g.Pb(),17);i=f.c.i==b?f.d.i:f.c.i;h=G6b(a,i,c,d);if(h==-1){return -1}e=$wnd.Math.max(e,h);if(e>a.c-1){return -1}}return e+1} +function Btd(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;if(PD(b)===PD(a)){return true}if(!JD(b,15)){return false}d=BD(b,15);h=a.gc();if(d.gc()!=h){return false}g=d.Kc();if(a.ni()){for(c=0;c0){a.qj();if(b!=null){for(f=0;f>24}case 97:case 98:case 99:case 100:case 101:case 102:{return a-97+10<<24>>24}case 65:case 66:case 67:case 68:case 69:case 70:{return a-65+10<<24>>24}default:{throw vbb(new Oeb('Invalid hexadecimal'))}}} +function AUc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;Odd(c,'Processor order nodes',2);a.a=Edb(ED(vNb(b,(JTc(),HTc))));e=new Psb;for(g=Jsb(b.b,0);g.b!=g.d.c;){f=BD(Xsb(g),86);Ccb(DD(vNb(f,(mTc(),jTc))))&&(Gsb(e,f,e.c.b,e.c),true)}d=(sCb(e.b!=0),BD(e.a.a.c,86));yUc(a,d);!c.b&&Rdd(c,1);BUc(a,d,0-Edb(ED(vNb(d,(mTc(),bTc))))/2,0);!c.b&&Rdd(c,1);Qdd(c)} +function rFb(){rFb=ccb;qFb=new sFb('SPIRAL',0);lFb=new sFb('LINE_BY_LINE',1);mFb=new sFb('MANHATTAN',2);kFb=new sFb('JITTER',3);oFb=new sFb('QUADRANTS_LINE_BY_LINE',4);pFb=new sFb('QUADRANTS_MANHATTAN',5);nFb=new sFb('QUADRANTS_JITTER',6);jFb=new sFb('COMBINE_LINE_BY_LINE_MANHATTAN',7);iFb=new sFb('COMBINE_JITTER_MANHATTAN',8)} +function roc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j;i=woc(a,c);j=woc(b,c);e=false;while(!!i&&!!j){if(d||uoc(i,j,c)){g=woc(i,c);h=woc(j,c);zoc(b);zoc(a);f=i.c;sbc(i,false);sbc(j,false);if(c){Z_b(b,j.p,f);b.p=j.p;Z_b(a,i.p+1,f);a.p=i.p}else{Z_b(a,i.p,f);a.p=i.p;Z_b(b,j.p+1,f);b.p=j.p}$_b(i,null);$_b(j,null);i=g;j=h;e=true}else{break}}return e} +function VDc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i;e=false;f=false;for(h=new olb(d.j);h.a=b.length){throw vbb(new qcb('Greedy SwitchDecider: Free layer not in graph.'))}this.c=b[a];this.e=new dIc(d);THc(this.e,this.c,(Ucd(),Tcd));this.i=new dIc(d);THc(this.i,this.c,zcd);this.f=new ejc(this.c);this.a=!f&&e.i&&!e.s&&this.c[0].k==(j0b(),e0b);this.a&&hjc(this,a,b.length)} +function hKb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;f=!a.B.Hc((Idd(),zdd));g=a.B.Hc(Cdd);a.a=new FHb(g,f,a.c);!!a.n&&u_b(a.a.n,a.n);lIb(a.g,(gHb(),eHb),a.a);if(!b){d=new mIb(1,f,a.c);d.n.a=a.k;Npb(a.p,(Ucd(),Acd),d);e=new mIb(1,f,a.c);e.n.d=a.k;Npb(a.p,Rcd,e);h=new mIb(0,f,a.c);h.n.c=a.k;Npb(a.p,Tcd,h);c=new mIb(0,f,a.c);c.n.b=a.k;Npb(a.p,zcd,c)}} +function Vgc(a){var b,c,d;b=BD(vNb(a.d,(Nyc(),Swc)),218);switch(b.g){case 2:c=Ngc(a);break;case 3:c=(d=new Rkb,MAb(JAb(NAb(LAb(LAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(a.d.b,16)),new Shc),new Uhc),new Whc),new ehc),new Yhc(d)),d);break;default:throw vbb(new Zdb('Compaction not supported for '+b+' edges.'));}Ugc(a,c);reb(new Pib(a.g),new Ehc(a))} +function a2c(a,b){var c;c=new zNb;!!b&&tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,C2),94));JD(b,470)&&tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,G2),94));if(JD(b,354)){tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,D2),94));return c}JD(b,82)&&tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,z2),94));if(JD(b,239)){tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,E2),94));return c}if(JD(b,186)){tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,F2),94));return c}JD(b,352)&&tNb(c,BD(Ohb(a.a,B2),94));return c} +function wSb(){wSb=ccb;oSb=new Osd((Y9c(),D9c),meb(1));uSb=new Osd(T9c,80);tSb=new Osd(M9c,5);bSb=new Osd(r8c,tme);pSb=new Osd(E9c,meb(1));sSb=new Osd(H9c,(Bcb(),true));lSb=new q0b(50);kSb=new Osd(f9c,lSb);dSb=O8c;mSb=t9c;cSb=new Osd(B8c,false);jSb=e9c;iSb=b9c;hSb=Y8c;gSb=W8c;nSb=x9c;fSb=(SRb(),LRb);vSb=QRb;eSb=KRb;qSb=NRb;rSb=PRb} +function ZXb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i;i=new jYb;for(h=new olb(a.a);h.a0&&b=0){return false}else{b.p=c.b;Ekb(c.e,b)}if(e==(j0b(),g0b)||e==i0b){for(g=new olb(b.j);g.a1||g==-1)&&(f|=16);(e.Bb&ote)!=0&&(f|=64)}(c.Bb&Tje)!=0&&(f|=Dve);f|=zte}else{if(JD(b,457)){f|=512}else{d=b.Bj();!!d&&(d.i&1)!=0&&(f|=256)}}(a.Bb&512)!=0&&(f|=128);return f} +function hc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;a=a==null?Xhe:(uCb(a),a);for(e=0;ea.d[h.p]){c+=zHc(a.b,f);Wjb(a.a,meb(f))}}else{++g}}c+=a.b.d*g;while(!akb(a.a)){xHc(a.b,BD(fkb(a.a),19).a)}}return c} +function Y6d(a,b){var c;if(a.f==W6d){c=$1d(q1d((O6d(),M6d),b));return a.e?c==4&&b!=(m8d(),k8d)&&b!=(m8d(),h8d)&&b!=(m8d(),i8d)&&b!=(m8d(),j8d):c==2}if(!!a.d&&(a.d.Hc(b)||a.d.Hc(_1d(q1d((O6d(),M6d),b)))||a.d.Hc(e1d((O6d(),M6d),a.b,b)))){return true}if(a.f){if(x1d((O6d(),a.f),b2d(q1d(M6d,b)))){c=$1d(q1d(M6d,b));return a.e?c==4:c==2}}return false} +function iVc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;g=BD(hkd(c,(Y9c(),C9c)),8);i=g.a;k=g.b+a;e=$wnd.Math.atan2(k,i);e<0&&(e+=dre);e+=b;e>dre&&(e-=dre);h=BD(hkd(d,C9c),8);j=h.a;l=h.b+a;f=$wnd.Math.atan2(l,j);f<0&&(f+=dre);f+=b;f>dre&&(f-=dre);return Iy(),My(1.0E-10),$wnd.Math.abs(e-f)<=1.0E-10||e==f||isNaN(e)&&isNaN(f)?0:ef?1:Ny(isNaN(e),isNaN(f))} +function YDb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;h=new Lqb;for(d=new olb(a.a.b);d.a=b.o){throw vbb(new rcb)}i=c>>5;h=c&31;g=Nbb(1,Tbb(Nbb(h,1)));f?(b.n[d][i]=Mbb(b.n[d][i],g)):(b.n[d][i]=xbb(b.n[d][i],Lbb(g)));g=Nbb(g,1);e?(b.n[d][i]=Mbb(b.n[d][i],g)):(b.n[d][i]=xbb(b.n[d][i],Lbb(g)))}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,320)){throw vbb(new qcb(Dle+b.o+'*'+b.p+Ele+c+She+d+Fle))}else throw vbb(a)}} +function BUc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g;if(b){f=Edb(ED(vNb(b,(mTc(),fTc))))+d;g=c+Edb(ED(vNb(b,bTc)))/2;yNb(b,kTc,meb(Tbb(Cbb($wnd.Math.round(f)))));yNb(b,lTc,meb(Tbb(Cbb($wnd.Math.round(g)))));b.d.b==0||BUc(a,BD(pr((e=Jsb((new ZRc(b)).a.d,0),new aSc(e))),86),c+Edb(ED(vNb(b,bTc)))+a.a,d+Edb(ED(vNb(b,cTc))));vNb(b,iTc)!=null&&BUc(a,BD(vNb(b,iTc),86),c,d)}} +function N9b(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;i=Q_b(b.a);e=Edb(ED(vNb(i,(Nyc(),pyc))))*2;k=Edb(ED(vNb(i,wyc)));j=$wnd.Math.max(e,k);f=KC(UD,Vje,25,b.f-b.c+1,15,1);d=-j;c=0;for(h=b.b.Kc();h.Ob();){g=BD(h.Pb(),10);d+=a.a[g.c.p]+j;f[c++]=d}d+=a.a[b.a.c.p]+j;f[c++]=d;for(m=new olb(b.e);m.a0){d=(!a.n&&(a.n=new cUd(D2,a,1,7)),BD(qud(a.n,0),137)).a;!d||Qfb(Qfb((b.a+=' "',b),d),'"')}}else{Qfb(Qfb((b.a+=' "',b),c),'"')}Qfb(Lfb(Qfb(Lfb(Qfb(Lfb(Qfb(Lfb((b.a+=' (',b),a.i),','),a.j),' | '),a.g),','),a.f),')');return b.a} +function opd(a){var b,c,d;if((a.Db&64)!=0)return fld(a);b=new Wfb(fte);c=a.k;if(!c){!a.n&&(a.n=new cUd(D2,a,1,7));if(a.n.i>0){d=(!a.n&&(a.n=new cUd(D2,a,1,7)),BD(qud(a.n,0),137)).a;!d||Qfb(Qfb((b.a+=' "',b),d),'"')}}else{Qfb(Qfb((b.a+=' "',b),c),'"')}Qfb(Lfb(Qfb(Lfb(Qfb(Lfb(Qfb(Lfb((b.a+=' (',b),a.i),','),a.j),' | '),a.g),','),a.f),')');return b.a} +function h4c(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;if(b==null||b.length==0){return null}e=BD(Phb(a.a,b),149);if(!e){for(d=(h=(new $ib(a.b)).a.vc().Kc(),new djb(h));d.a.Ob();){c=(f=BD(d.a.Pb(),42),BD(f.dd(),149));g=c.c;i=b.length;if(dfb(g.substr(g.length-i,i),b)&&(b.length==g.length||bfb(g,g.length-b.length-1)==46)){if(e){return null}e=c}}!!e&&Shb(a.a,b,e)}return e} +function QLb(a,b){var c,d,e,f;c=new VLb;d=BD(GAb(NAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(a.f,16)),c),Ayb(new hzb,new jzb,new Gzb,new Izb,OC(GC(xL,1),Kie,132,0,[(Fyb(),Eyb),Dyb]))),21);e=d.gc();d=BD(GAb(NAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(b.f,16)),c),Ayb(new hzb,new jzb,new Gzb,new Izb,OC(GC(xL,1),Kie,132,0,[Eyb,Dyb]))),21);f=d.gc();if(ee.p){G0b(f,Rcd);if(f.d){h=f.o.b;b=f.a.b;f.a.b=h-b}}else if(f.j==Rcd&&e.p>a.p){G0b(f,Acd);if(f.d){h=f.o.b;b=f.a.b;f.a.b=-(h-b)}}break}}return e} +function NOc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;f=c;if(c1;if(h){d=new f7c(e,c.b);Dsb(b.a,d)}n7c(b.a,OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[m,l]))} +function Nid(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i;if(!b){return null}else{if(c<=-1){d=XKd(b.Tg(),-1-c);if(JD(d,99)){return BD(d,18)}else{g=BD(b.ah(d),153);for(h=0,i=g.gc();h0){e=i.length;while(e>0&&i[e-1]==''){--e}e=40;g&&FGb(a);wGb(a);vGb(a);c=zGb(a);d=0;while(!!c&&d0&&Dsb(a.f,f)}else{a.c[g]-=j+1;a.c[g]<=0&&a.a[g]>0&&Dsb(a.e,f)}}}}} +function _Kb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j;h=new Hxb(BD(Qb(new nLb),62));j=Qje;for(c=new olb(a.d);c.a=0&&ic?b:c;j<=l;++j){if(j==c){h=d++}else{f=e[j];k=o.rl(f.ak());j==b&&(i=j==l&&!k?d-1:d);k&&++d}}m=BD(Wxd(a,b,c),72);h!=i&&GLd(a,new ESd(a.e,7,g,meb(h),n.dd(),i));return m}}}else{return BD(sud(a,b,c),72)}return BD(Wxd(a,b,c),72)} +function Qcc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;Odd(b,'Port order processing',1);i=BD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),_xc)),421);for(d=new olb(a.b);d.a=0){h=bD(a,g);if(h){j<22?(i.l|=1<>>1;g.m=k>>>1|(l&1)<<21;g.l=m>>>1|(k&1)<<21;--j}c&&ZC(i);if(f){if(d){QC=hD(a);e&&(QC=nD(QC,(wD(),uD)))}else{QC=TC(a.l,a.m,a.h)}}return i} +function TDc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;j=a.e[b.c.p][b.p]+1;i=b.c.a.c.length+1;for(h=new olb(a.a);h.a0&&(BCb(0,a.length),a.charCodeAt(0)==45||(BCb(0,a.length),a.charCodeAt(0)==43))?1:0;for(d=g;dc){throw vbb(new Oeb(Oje+a+'"'))}return h} +function dnc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;g=new Psb;for(f=new olb(a.a);f.a1)&&b==1&&BD(a.a[a.b],10).k==(j0b(),f0b)){zac(BD(a.a[a.b],10),(rbd(),nbd))}else if(d&&(!c||(a.c-a.b&a.a.length-1)>1)&&b==1&&BD(a.a[a.c-1&a.a.length-1],10).k==(j0b(),f0b)){zac(BD(a.a[a.c-1&a.a.length-1],10),(rbd(),obd))}else if((a.c-a.b&a.a.length-1)==2){zac(BD(bkb(a),10),(rbd(),nbd));zac(BD(bkb(a),10),obd)}else{wac(a,e)}Yjb(a)} +function pRc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h;f=0;for(e=new Fyd((!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a));e.e!=e.i.gc();){d=BD(Dyd(e),33);g='';(!d.n&&(d.n=new cUd(D2,d,1,7)),d.n).i==0||(g=BD(qud((!d.n&&(d.n=new cUd(D2,d,1,7)),d.n),0),137).a);h=new XRc(f++,b,g);tNb(h,d);yNb(h,(mTc(),dTc),d);h.e.b=d.j+d.f/2;h.f.a=$wnd.Math.max(d.g,1);h.e.a=d.i+d.g/2;h.f.b=$wnd.Math.max(d.f,1);Dsb(b.b,h);jrb(c.f,d,h)}} +function B2b(a){var b,c,d,e,f;d=BD(vNb(a,(wtc(),$sc)),33);f=BD(hkd(d,(Nyc(),Fxc)),174).Hc((tdd(),sdd));if(!a.e){e=BD(vNb(a,Ksc),21);b=new f7c(a.f.a+a.d.b+a.d.c,a.f.b+a.d.d+a.d.a);if(e.Hc((Orc(),Hrc))){jkd(d,Vxc,(dcd(),$bd));Afd(d,b.a,b.b,false,true)}else{Ccb(DD(hkd(d,Gxc)))||Afd(d,b.a,b.b,true,true)}}f?jkd(d,Fxc,pqb(sdd)):jkd(d,Fxc,(c=BD(gdb(I1),9),new xqb(c,BD(_Bb(c,c.length),9),0)))} +function tA(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;if(b[0]>=a.length){c.o=0;return true}switch(bfb(a,b[0])){case 43:e=1;break;case 45:e=-1;break;default:c.o=0;return true;}++b[0];f=b[0];g=rA(a,b);if(g==0&&b[0]==f){return false}if(b[0]=0&&h!=c){f=new nSd(a,1,h,g,null);!d?(d=f):d.Ei(f)}if(c>=0){f=new nSd(a,1,c,h==c?g:null,b);!d?(d=f):d.Ei(f)}}return d} +function LEd(a){var b,c,d;if(a.b==null){d=new Hfb;if(a.i!=null){Efb(d,a.i);d.a+=':'}if((a.f&256)!=0){if((a.f&256)!=0&&a.a!=null){YEd(a.i)||(d.a+='//',d);Efb(d,a.a)}if(a.d!=null){d.a+='/';Efb(d,a.d)}(a.f&16)!=0&&(d.a+='/',d);for(b=0,c=a.j.length;bm){return false}l=(i=MZc(d,m,false),i.a);if(k+h+l<=b.b){KZc(c,f-c.s);c.c=true;KZc(d,f-c.s);OZc(d,c.s,c.t+c.d+h);d.k=true;WZc(c.q,d);n=true;if(e){s$c(b,d);d.j=b;if(a.c.length>g){v$c((tCb(g,a.c.length),BD(a.c[g],200)),d);(tCb(g,a.c.length),BD(a.c[g],200)).a.c.length==0&&Kkb(a,g)}}}return n} +function kcc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;Odd(b,'Partition midprocessing',1);e=new Hp;MAb(JAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(a.a,16)),new occ),new qcc(e));if(e.d==0){return}h=BD(GAb(UAb((f=e.i,new YAb(null,(!f?(e.i=new zf(e,e.c)):f).Nc()))),Byb(new fzb,new dzb,new Ezb,OC(GC(xL,1),Kie,132,0,[(Fyb(),Dyb)]))),15);d=h.Kc();c=BD(d.Pb(),19);while(d.Ob()){g=BD(d.Pb(),19);jcc(BD(Qc(e,c),21),BD(Qc(e,g),21));c=g}Qdd(b)} +function DYb(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;if(b.p==0){b.p=1;g=c;if(!g){e=new Rkb;f=(d=BD(gdb(F1),9),new xqb(d,BD(_Bb(d,d.length),9),0));g=new vgd(e,f)}BD(g.a,15).Fc(b);b.k==(j0b(),e0b)&&BD(g.b,21).Fc(BD(vNb(b,(wtc(),Hsc)),61));for(i=new olb(b.j);i.a0){e=BD(a.Ab.g,1934);if(b==null){for(f=0;f1){for(d=new olb(e);d.ac.s&&hh){h=e;k.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1)}e==h&&Ekb(k,new vgd(c.c.i,c))}mmb();Okb(k,a.c);Dkb(a.b,i.p,k)}}} +function MMc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;for(g=new olb(b.b);g.ah){h=e;k.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1)}e==h&&Ekb(k,new vgd(c.d.i,c))}mmb();Okb(k,a.c);Dkb(a.f,i.p,k)}}} +function Y7c(a){r4c(a,new E3c(P3c(M3c(O3c(N3c(new R3c,qse),'ELK Box'),'Algorithm for packing of unconnected boxes, i.e. graphs without edges.'),new _7c)));p4c(a,qse,ame,U7c);p4c(a,qse,wme,15);p4c(a,qse,vme,meb(0));p4c(a,qse,Jre,Ksd(O7c));p4c(a,qse,Fme,Ksd(Q7c));p4c(a,qse,Eme,Ksd(S7c));p4c(a,qse,_le,pse);p4c(a,qse,Ame,Ksd(P7c));p4c(a,qse,Tme,Ksd(R7c));p4c(a,qse,rse,Ksd(M7c));p4c(a,qse,lqe,Ksd(N7c))} +function W$b(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;e=a.i;g=e.o.a;f=e.o.b;if(g<=0&&f<=0){return Ucd(),Scd}j=a.n.a;k=a.n.b;h=a.o.a;c=a.o.b;switch(b.g){case 2:case 1:if(j<0){return Ucd(),Tcd}else if(j+h>g){return Ucd(),zcd}break;case 4:case 3:if(k<0){return Ucd(),Acd}else if(k+c>f){return Ucd(),Rcd}}i=(j+h/2)/g;d=(k+c/2)/f;return i+d<=1&&i-d<=0?(Ucd(),Tcd):i+d>=1&&i-d>=0?(Ucd(),zcd):d<0.5?(Ucd(),Acd):(Ucd(),Rcd)} +function pJc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p;c=false;k=Edb(ED(vNb(b,(Nyc(),vyc))));o=Qie*k;for(e=new olb(b.b);e.ai+o){p=l.g+m.g;m.a=(m.g*m.a+l.g*l.a)/p;m.g=p;l.f=m;c=true}}f=h;l=m}}return c} +function VGb(a,b,c,d,e,f,g){var h,i,j,k,l,m;m=new I6c;for(j=b.Kc();j.Ob();){h=BD(j.Pb(),839);for(l=new olb(h.wf());l.a0){if(h.a){j=h.b.rf().b;if(e>j){if(a.v||h.c.d.c.length==1){g=(e-j)/2;h.d.d=g;h.d.a=g}else{c=BD(Ikb(h.c.d,0),181).rf().b;d=(c-j)/2;h.d.d=$wnd.Math.max(0,d);h.d.a=e-d-j}}}else{h.d.a=a.t+e}}else if(tcd(a.u)){f=sfd(h.b);f.d<0&&(h.d.d=-f.d);f.d+f.a>h.b.rf().b&&(h.d.a=f.d+f.a-h.b.rf().b)}}} +function FC(a,b){var c;switch(HC(a)){case 6:return ND(b);case 7:return LD(b);case 8:return KD(b);case 3:return Array.isArray(b)&&(c=HC(b),!(c>=14&&c<=16));case 11:return b!=null&&typeof b===Nhe;case 12:return b!=null&&(typeof b===Jhe||typeof b==Nhe);case 0:return AD(b,a.__elementTypeId$);case 2:return OD(b)&&!(b.im===gcb);case 1:return OD(b)&&!(b.im===gcb)||AD(b,a.__elementTypeId$);default:return true;}} +function xOb(a,b){var c,d,e,f;d=$wnd.Math.min($wnd.Math.abs(a.c-(b.c+b.b)),$wnd.Math.abs(a.c+a.b-b.c));f=$wnd.Math.min($wnd.Math.abs(a.d-(b.d+b.a)),$wnd.Math.abs(a.d+a.a-b.d));c=$wnd.Math.abs(a.c+a.b/2-(b.c+b.b/2));if(c>a.b/2+b.b/2){return 1}e=$wnd.Math.abs(a.d+a.a/2-(b.d+b.a/2));if(e>a.a/2+b.a/2){return 1}if(c==0&&e==0){return 0}if(c==0){return f/e+1}if(e==0){return d/c+1}return $wnd.Math.min(d/c,f/e)+1} +function mgb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h;e=pgb(a);h=pgb(b);if(e==h){if(a.e==b.e&&a.a<54&&b.a<54){return a.fb.f?1:0}d=a.e-b.e;c=(a.d>0?a.d:$wnd.Math.floor((a.a-1)*Xje)+1)-(b.d>0?b.d:$wnd.Math.floor((b.a-1)*Xje)+1);if(c>d+1){return e}else if(c0&&(g=Ogb(g,Khb(d)));return Igb(f,g)}}else return e0&&a.d!=(yTb(),xTb)&&(h+=g*(d.d.a+a.a[b.b][d.b]*(b.d.a-d.d.a)/c));c>0&&a.d!=(yTb(),vTb)&&(i+=g*(d.d.b+a.a[b.b][d.b]*(b.d.b-d.d.b)/c))}switch(a.d.g){case 1:return new f7c(h/f,b.d.b);case 2:return new f7c(b.d.a,i/f);default:return new f7c(h/f,i/f);}} +function Wcc(a,b){Occ();var c,d,e,f,g;g=BD(vNb(a.i,(Nyc(),Vxc)),98);f=a.j.g-b.j.g;if(f!=0||!(g==(dcd(),Zbd)||g==_bd||g==$bd)){return 0}if(g==(dcd(),Zbd)){c=BD(vNb(a,Wxc),19);d=BD(vNb(b,Wxc),19);if(!!c&&!!d){e=c.a-d.a;if(e!=0){return e}}}switch(a.j.g){case 1:return Kdb(a.n.a,b.n.a);case 2:return Kdb(a.n.b,b.n.b);case 3:return Kdb(b.n.a,a.n.a);case 4:return Kdb(b.n.b,a.n.b);default:throw vbb(new Zdb(ine));}} +function tfd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g;c=(!a.a&&(a.a=new xMd(y2,a,5)),a.a).i+2;g=new Skb(c);Ekb(g,new f7c(a.j,a.k));MAb(new YAb(null,(!a.a&&(a.a=new xMd(y2,a,5)),new Kub(a.a,16))),new Qfd(g));Ekb(g,new f7c(a.b,a.c));b=1;while(b0){jEb(i,false,(ead(),aad));jEb(i,true,bad)}Hkb(b.g,new $hc(a,c));Rhb(a.g,b,c)} +function Neb(){Neb=ccb;var a;Jeb=OC(GC(WD,1),oje,25,15,[-1,-1,30,19,15,13,11,11,10,9,9,8,8,8,8,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,5]);Keb=KC(WD,oje,25,37,15,1);Leb=OC(GC(WD,1),oje,25,15,[-1,-1,63,40,32,28,25,23,21,20,19,19,18,18,17,17,16,16,16,15,15,15,15,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13]);Meb=KC(XD,Sje,25,37,14,1);for(a=2;a<=36;a++){Keb[a]=QD($wnd.Math.pow(a,Jeb[a]));Meb[a]=Abb(rie,Keb[a])}} +function pfd(a){var b;if((!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(A2,a,6,6)),a.a).i!=1){throw vbb(new Wdb(Tse+(!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(A2,a,6,6)),a.a).i))}b=new s7c;!!btd(BD(qud((!a.b&&(a.b=new y5d(z2,a,4,7)),a.b),0),82))&&ye(b,qfd(a,btd(BD(qud((!a.b&&(a.b=new y5d(z2,a,4,7)),a.b),0),82)),false));!!btd(BD(qud((!a.c&&(a.c=new y5d(z2,a,5,8)),a.c),0),82))&&ye(b,qfd(a,btd(BD(qud((!a.c&&(a.c=new y5d(z2,a,5,8)),a.c),0),82)),true));return b} +function _Mc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;b.d?(e=a.a.c==(YLc(),XLc)?R_b(b.b):U_b(b.b)):(e=a.a.c==(YLc(),WLc)?R_b(b.b):U_b(b.b));f=false;for(d=new Sr(ur(e.a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(d);){c=BD(Rr(d),17);g=Ccb(a.a.f[a.a.g[b.b.p].p]);if(!g&&!OZb(c)&&c.c.i.c==c.d.i.c){continue}if(Ccb(a.a.n[a.a.g[b.b.p].p])||Ccb(a.a.n[a.a.g[b.b.p].p])){continue}f=true;if(Rqb(a.b,a.a.g[TMc(c,b.b).p])){b.c=true;b.a=c;return b}}b.c=f;b.a=null;return b} +function bed(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h,i,j,k,l;mmb();Okb(a,new Red);h=new Bib(a,0);l=new Rkb;f=0;while(h.bf*2){k=new wed(l);j=red(g)/qed(g);i=fed(k,b,new p0b,c,d,e,j);P6c(X6c(k.e),i);l.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);f=0;l.c[l.c.length]=k;l.c[l.c.length]=g;f=red(k)*qed(k)+red(g)*qed(g)}else{l.c[l.c.length]=g;f+=red(g)*qed(g)}}return l} +function qwd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j;d=c.gc();if(d==0){return false}else{if(a.ej()){i=a.fj();zvd(a,b,c);g=d==1?a.Zi(3,null,c.Kc().Pb(),b,i):a.Zi(5,null,c,b,i);if(a.bj()){h=d<100?null:new Ixd(d);f=b+d;for(e=b;e0){for(g=0;g>16==-15&&a.Cb.nh()&&Rwd(new oSd(a.Cb,9,13,c,a.c,HLd(QSd(BD(a.Cb,59)),a)))}else if(JD(a.Cb,88)){if(a.Db>>16==-23&&a.Cb.nh()){b=a.c;JD(b,88)||(b=(jGd(),_Fd));JD(c,88)||(c=(jGd(),_Fd));Rwd(new oSd(a.Cb,9,10,c,b,HLd(VKd(BD(a.Cb,26)),a)))}}}}return a.c} +function f7b(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;Odd(b,'Hypernodes processing',1);for(e=new olb(a.b);e.ac);return e} +function XFc(a,b){var c,d,e;d=Cub(a.d,1)!=0;!Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,(wtc(),Jsc))))&&!Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,mtc)))||PD(vNb(b.j,(Nyc(),ywc)))===PD((tAc(),rAc))?b.c.Tf(b.e,d):(d=Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,Jsc))));dGc(a,b,d,true);Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,mtc)))&&yNb(b.j,mtc,(Bcb(),false));if(Ccb(DD(vNb(b.j,Jsc)))){yNb(b.j,Jsc,(Bcb(),false));yNb(b.j,mtc,true)}c=NFc(a,b);do{$Fc(a);if(c==0){return 0}d=!d;e=c;dGc(a,b,d,false);c=NFc(a,b)}while(e>c);return e} +function uNd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;if(b==c){return true}else{b=vNd(a,b);c=vNd(a,c);d=JQd(b);if(d){k=JQd(c);if(k!=d){if(!k){return false}else{i=d.Dj();o=k.Dj();return i==o&&i!=null}}else{g=(!b.d&&(b.d=new xMd(j5,b,1)),b.d);f=g.i;m=(!c.d&&(c.d=new xMd(j5,c,1)),c.d);if(f==m.i){for(j=0;j0;h=xFb(b,f);c?OFb(h.b,b):OFb(h.g,b);LFb(h).c.length==1&&(Gsb(d,h,d.c.b,d.c),true);e=new vgd(f,b);Wjb(a.o,e);Lkb(a.e.a,f)}} +function _Nb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;d=$wnd.Math.abs(D6c(a.b).a-D6c(b.b).a);h=$wnd.Math.abs(D6c(a.b).b-D6c(b.b).b);e=0;i=0;c=1;g=1;if(d>a.b.b/2+b.b.b/2){e=$wnd.Math.min($wnd.Math.abs(a.b.c-(b.b.c+b.b.b)),$wnd.Math.abs(a.b.c+a.b.b-b.b.c));c=1-e/d}if(h>a.b.a/2+b.b.a/2){i=$wnd.Math.min($wnd.Math.abs(a.b.d-(b.b.d+b.b.a)),$wnd.Math.abs(a.b.d+a.b.a-b.b.d));g=1-i/h}f=$wnd.Math.min(c,g);return (1-f)*$wnd.Math.sqrt(d*d+h*h)} +function lQc(a){var b,c,d,e;nQc(a,a.e,a.f,(FQc(),DQc),true,a.c,a.i);nQc(a,a.e,a.f,DQc,false,a.c,a.i);nQc(a,a.e,a.f,EQc,true,a.c,a.i);nQc(a,a.e,a.f,EQc,false,a.c,a.i);mQc(a,a.c,a.e,a.f,a.i);d=new Bib(a.i,0);while(d.b=65;c--){$ce[c]=c-65<<24>>24}for(d=122;d>=97;d--){$ce[d]=d-97+26<<24>>24}for(e=57;e>=48;e--){$ce[e]=e-48+52<<24>>24}$ce[43]=62;$ce[47]=63;for(f=0;f<=25;f++)_ce[f]=65+f&aje;for(g=26,i=0;g<=51;++g,i++)_ce[g]=97+i&aje;for(a=52,h=0;a<=61;++a,h++)_ce[a]=48+h&aje;_ce[62]=43;_ce[63]=47} +function FXb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n;if(a.dc()){return new d7c}j=0;l=0;for(e=a.Kc();e.Ob();){d=BD(e.Pb(),37);f=d.f;j=$wnd.Math.max(j,f.a);l+=f.a*f.b}j=$wnd.Math.max(j,$wnd.Math.sqrt(l)*Edb(ED(vNb(BD(a.Kc().Pb(),37),(Nyc(),owc)))));m=0;n=0;i=0;c=b;for(h=a.Kc();h.Ob();){g=BD(h.Pb(),37);k=g.f;if(m+k.a>j){m=0;n+=i+b;i=0}uXb(g,m,n);c=$wnd.Math.max(c,m+k.a);i=$wnd.Math.max(i,k.b);m+=k.a+b}return new f7c(c+b,n+i+b)} +function mQc(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h,i,j,k,l;for(g=new olb(b);g.af){return Ucd(),zcd}break;case 4:case 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f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;m=VPc(a,c);for(i=0;i0);d.a.Xb(d.c=--d.b);l>m+i&&uib(d)}for(g=new olb(n);g.a0);d.a.Xb(d.c=--d.b)}}}} +function Jfe(){wfe();var a,b,c,d,e,f;if(gfe)return gfe;a=(++vfe,new $fe(4));Xfe(a,Kfe(vxe,true));Zfe(a,Kfe('M',true));Zfe(a,Kfe('C',true));f=(++vfe,new $fe(4));for(d=0;d<11;d++){Ufe(f,d,d)}b=(++vfe,new $fe(4));Xfe(b,Kfe('M',true));Ufe(b,4448,4607);Ufe(b,65438,65439);e=(++vfe,new Lge(2));Kge(e,a);Kge(e,ffe);c=(++vfe,new Lge(2));c.$l(Bfe(f,Kfe('L',true)));c.$l(b);c=(++vfe,new lge(3,c));c=(++vfe,new rge(e,c));gfe=c;return gfe} +function S3c(a){var b,c;b=GD(hkd(a,(Y9c(),o8c)));if(T3c(b,a)){return}if(!ikd(a,F9c)&&((!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a).i!=0||Ccb(DD(hkd(a,M8c))))){if(b==null||ufb(b).length==0){if(!T3c(sne,a)){c=Qfb(Qfb(new Wfb('Unable to load default layout algorithm '),sne),' for unconfigured node ');yfd(a,c);throw vbb(new y2c(c.a))}}else{c=Qfb(Qfb(new Wfb("Layout algorithm '"),b),"' not found for ");yfd(a,c);throw vbb(new y2c(c.a))}}} +function hIb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n;c=a.i;b=a.n;if(a.b==0){n=c.c+b.b;m=c.b-b.b-b.c;for(g=a.a,i=0,k=g.length;i0){l-=d[0]+a.c;d[0]+=a.c}d[2]>0&&(l-=d[2]+a.c);d[1]=$wnd.Math.max(d[1],l);mHb(a.a[1],c.c+b.b+d[0]-(d[1]-l)/2,d[1])}for(f=a.a,h=0,j=f.length;h0?(a.n.c.length-1)*a.i:0;for(d=new olb(a.n);d.a1){for(d=Jsb(e,0);d.b!=d.d.c;){c=BD(Xsb(d),231);f=0;for(i=new olb(c.e);i.a0){b[0]+=a.c;l-=b[0]}b[2]>0&&(l-=b[2]+a.c);b[1]=$wnd.Math.max(b[1],l);nHb(a.a[1],d.d+c.d+b[0]-(b[1]-l)/2,b[1])}else{o=d.d+c.d;n=d.a-c.d-c.a;for(g=a.a,i=0,k=g.length;i=0&&f!=c){throw vbb(new Wdb(kue))}}e=0;for(i=0;i0||Jy(e.b.d,a.b.d+a.b.a)==0&&d.b<0||Jy(e.b.d+e.b.a,a.b.d)==0&&d.b>0){h=0;break}}else{h=$wnd.Math.min(h,YNb(a,e,d))}h=$wnd.Math.min(h,ONb(a,f,h,d))}return h} +function ifd(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;if(a.b<2){throw vbb(new Wdb('The vector chain must contain at least a source and a target point.'))}e=(sCb(a.b!=0),BD(a.a.a.c,8));nmd(b,e.a,e.b);i=new Oyd((!b.a&&(b.a=new 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j} +function YPc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g;this.e=new Rkb;this.a=new Rkb;for(c=a.b-1;c<3;c++){St(a,0,BD(Ut(a,0),8))}if(a.b<4){throw vbb(new Wdb('At (least dimension + 1) control points are necessary!'))}else{this.b=3;this.d=true;this.c=false;TPc(this,a.b+this.b-1);g=new Rkb;f=new olb(this.e);for(b=0;b=b.o&&c.f<=b.f||b.a*0.5<=c.f&&b.a*1.5>=c.f){g=BD(Ikb(b.n,b.n.c.length-1),211);if(g.e+g.d+c.g+e<=d&&(f=BD(Ikb(b.n,b.n.c.length-1),211),f.f-a.f+c.f<=a.b||a.a.c.length==1)){EZc(b,c);return true}else if(b.s+c.g<=d&&(b.t+b.d+c.f+e<=a.b||a.a.c.length==1)){Ekb(b.b,c);h=BD(Ikb(b.n,b.n.c.length-1),211);Ekb(b.n,new VZc(b.s,h.f+h.a+b.i,b.i));QZc(BD(Ikb(b.n,b.n.c.length-1),211),c);GZc(b,c);return true}}return false} +function Zxd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;if(a.ej()){e=null;f=a.fj();d=a.Zi(1,g=uud(a,b,c),c,b,f);if(a.bj()&&!(a.ni()&&g!=null?pb(g,c):PD(g)===PD(c))){g!=null&&(e=a.dj(g,e));e=a.cj(c,e);a.ij()&&(e=a.lj(g,c,e));if(!e){a.$i(d)}else{e.Ei(d);e.Fi()}}else{a.ij()&&(e=a.lj(g,c,e));if(!e){a.$i(d)}else{e.Ei(d);e.Fi()}}return g}else{g=uud(a,b,c);if(a.bj()&&!(a.ni()&&g!=null?pb(g,c):PD(g)===PD(c))){e=null;g!=null&&(e=a.dj(g,null));e=a.cj(c,e);!!e&&e.Fi()}return g}} +function YA(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j;b%=24;if(a.q.getHours()!=b){d=new $wnd.Date(a.q.getTime());d.setDate(d.getDate()+1);h=a.q.getTimezoneOffset()-d.getTimezoneOffset();if(h>0){i=h/60|0;j=h%60;e=a.q.getDate();c=a.q.getHours();c+i>=24&&++e;f=new $wnd.Date(a.q.getFullYear(),a.q.getMonth(),e,b+i,a.q.getMinutes()+j,a.q.getSeconds(),a.q.getMilliseconds());a.q.setTime(f.getTime())}}g=a.q.getTime();a.q.setTime(g+3600000);a.q.getHours()!=b&&a.q.setTime(g)} +function opc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g;Odd(b,'Path-Like Graph Wrapping',1);if(a.b.c.length==0){Qdd(b);return}e=new Xoc(a);g=(e.i==null&&(e.i=Soc(e,new Zoc)),Edb(e.i)*e.f);c=g/(e.i==null&&(e.i=Soc(e,new Zoc)),Edb(e.i));if(e.b>c){Qdd(b);return}switch(BD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),Gyc)),337).g){case 2:f=new hpc;break;case 0:f=new Ync;break;default:f=new kpc;}d=f.Vf(a,e);if(!f.Wf()){switch(BD(vNb(a,Myc),338).g){case 2:d=tpc(e,d);break;case 1:d=rpc(e,d);}}npc(a,e,d);Qdd(b)} +function MFc(a,b){var c,d,e,f;Fub(a.d,a.e);a.c.a.$b();if(Edb(ED(vNb(b.j,(Nyc(),uwc))))!=0||Edb(ED(vNb(b.j,uwc)))!=0){c=dme;PD(vNb(b.j,ywc))!==PD((tAc(),rAc))&&yNb(b.j,(wtc(),Jsc),(Bcb(),true));f=BD(vNb(b.j,Ayc),19).a;for(e=0;ee&&++j;Ekb(g,(tCb(h+j,b.c.length),BD(b.c[h+j],19)));i+=(tCb(h+j,b.c.length),BD(b.c[h+j],19)).a-d;++c;while(c1&&(i>red(h)*qed(h)/2||g.b==0)){l=new wed(m);k=red(h)/qed(h);j=fed(l,b,new p0b,c,d,e,k);P6c(X6c(l.e),j);h=l;n.c[n.c.length]=l;i=0;m.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1)}}}Gkb(n,m);return n} +function y6d(a,b,c,d){var 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b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;g=a.o;d=KC(WD,oje,25,g,15,1);e=KC(WD,oje,25,g,15,1);c=a.p;b=KC(WD,oje,25,c,15,1);f=KC(WD,oje,25,c,15,1);for(j=0;j=0&&!YMb(a,k,l)){--l}e[k]=l}for(n=0;n=0&&!YMb(a,h,o)){--h}f[o]=h}for(i=0;ib[m]&&md[i]&&aNb(a,i,m,false,true)}}} +function lRb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i;c=Ccb(DD(vNb(a,(wSb(),cSb))));f=a.a.c.d;h=a.a.d.d;if(c){g=Y6c(c7c(new f7c(h.a,h.b),f),0.5);i=Y6c(R6c(a.e),0.5);b=c7c(P6c(new f7c(f.a,f.b),g),i);a7c(a.d,b)}else{e=Edb(ED(vNb(a.a,tSb)));d=a.d;if(f.a>=h.a){if(f.b>=h.b){d.a=h.a+(f.a-h.a)/2+e;d.b=h.b+(f.b-h.b)/2-e-a.e.b}else{d.a=h.a+(f.a-h.a)/2+e;d.b=f.b+(h.b-f.b)/2+e}}else{if(f.b>=h.b){d.a=f.a+(h.a-f.a)/2+e;d.b=h.b+(f.b-h.b)/2+e}else{d.a=f.a+(h.a-f.a)/2+e;d.b=f.b+(h.b-f.b)/2-e-a.e.b}}}} +function Qge(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;if(a==null){return null}f=a.length;if(f==0){return ''}i=KC(TD,$ie,25,f,15,1);ACb(0,f,a.length);ACb(0,f,i.length);ffb(a,0,f,i,0);c=null;h=b;for(e=0,g=0;e0?qfb(c.a,0,f-1):''}}else{return !c?a:c.a}} +function DPb(a){r4c(a,new E3c(P3c(M3c(O3c(N3c(new R3c,Yle),'ELK DisCo'),'Layouter for arranging unconnected subgraphs. 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c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p;h=KC(WD,oje,25,b.b.c.length,15,1);j=KC(NQ,Kie,267,b.b.c.length,0,1);i=KC(OQ,kne,10,b.b.c.length,0,1);for(l=a.a,m=0,n=l.length;m0&&!!i[d]&&(o=jBc(a.b,i[d],e));p=$wnd.Math.max(p,e.c.c.b+o)}for(f=new olb(k.e);f.a1){throw vbb(new Wdb(Hwe))}if(!i){f=R6d(b,d.Kc().Pb());g.Fc(f)}}return xtd(a,I2d(a,b,c),g)} +function Pmc(a,b){var c,d,e,f;Jmc(b.b.j);MAb(NAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(b.d,16)),new $mc),new anc);for(f=new olb(b.d);f.aa.o.b){return false}c=V_b(a,zcd);h=b.d+b.a+(c.gc()-1)*g;if(h>a.o.b){return false}}return true} +function thb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;g=a.e;i=b.e;if(g==0){return b}if(i==0){return a}f=a.d;h=b.d;if(f+h==2){c=xbb(a.a[0],Yje);d=xbb(b.a[0],Yje);if(g==i){k=wbb(c,d);o=Tbb(k);n=Tbb(Pbb(k,32));return n==0?new Ugb(g,o):new Vgb(g,2,OC(GC(WD,1),oje,25,15,[o,n]))}return ghb(g<0?Qbb(d,c):Qbb(c,d))}else if(g==i){m=g;l=f>=h?uhb(a.a,f,b.a,h):uhb(b.a,h,a.a,f)}else{e=f!=h?f>h?1:-1:whb(a.a,b.a,f);if(e==0){return 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Ufb;f.a+=''+e;if(a.e>0&&d>=-6){if(d>=0){Tfb(f,c-QD(a.e),String.fromCharCode(46))}else{f.a=qfb(f.a,0,b-1)+'0.'+pfb(f.a,b-1);Tfb(f,b+1,zfb(egb,0,-QD(d)-1))}}else{if(c-b>=1){Tfb(f,b,String.fromCharCode(46));++c}Tfb(f,c,String.fromCharCode(69));d>0&&Tfb(f,++c,String.fromCharCode(43));Tfb(f,++c,''+Ubb(Cbb(d)))}a.g=f.a;return a.g} +function npc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q;if(c.dc()){return}h=0;m=0;d=c.Kc();o=BD(d.Pb(),19).a;while(h1&&(i=j.mg(i,a.a,h))}if(i.c.length==1){return BD(Ikb(i,i.c.length-1),220)}if(i.c.length==2){return lYc((tCb(0,i.c.length),BD(i.c[0],220)),(tCb(1,i.c.length),BD(i.c[1],220)),g,f)}return null} +function JNb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g;Hkb(a.a,new PNb);for(c=new olb(a.a);c.a=$wnd.Math.abs(d.b)){d.b=0;f.d+f.a>g.d&&f.dg.c&&f.c0){b=new _zd(a.i,a.g);c=a.i;f=c<100?null:new Ixd(c);if(a.ij()){for(d=0;d0){h=a.g;j=a.i;oud(a);f=j<100?null:new Ixd(j);for(d=0;d>13|(a.m&15)<<9;e=a.m>>4&8191;f=a.m>>17|(a.h&255)<<5;g=(a.h&1048320)>>8;h=b.l&8191;i=b.l>>13|(b.m&15)<<9;j=b.m>>4&8191;k=b.m>>17|(b.h&255)<<5;l=(b.h&1048320)>>8;B=c*h;C=d*h;D=e*h;F=f*h;G=g*h;if(i!=0){C+=c*i;D+=d*i;F+=e*i;G+=f*i}if(j!=0){D+=c*j;F+=d*j;G+=e*j}if(k!=0){F+=c*k;G+=d*k}l!=0&&(G+=c*l);n=B&Eje;o=(C&511)<<13;m=n+o;q=B>>22;r=C>>9;s=(D&262143)<<4;t=(F&31)<<17;p=q+r+s+t;v=D>>18;w=F>>5;A=(G&4095)<<8;u=v+w+A;p+=m>>22;m&=Eje;u+=p>>22;p&=Eje;u&=Fje;return TC(m,p,u)} +function o7b(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;h=BD(Ikb(a.j,0),11);if(h.g.c.length!=0&&h.e.c.length!=0){throw vbb(new Zdb('Interactive layout does not support NORTH/SOUTH ports with incoming _and_ outgoing edges.'))}if(h.g.c.length!=0){f=Pje;for(c=new olb(h.g);c.a4){if(a.wj(b)){if(a.rk()){e=BD(b,49);d=e.Ug();i=d==a.e&&(a.Dk()?e.Og(e.Vg(),a.zk())==a.Ak():-1-e.Vg()==a.aj());if(a.Ek()&&!i&&!d&&!!e.Zg()){for(f=0;f0&&(j=a.n.a/f);break;case 2:case 4:e=a.i.o.b;e>0&&(j=a.n.b/e);}yNb(a,(wtc(),htc),j)}i=a.o;g=a.a;if(d){g.a=d.a;g.b=d.b;a.d=true}else if(b!=bcd&&b!=ccd&&h!=Scd){switch(h.g){case 1:g.a=i.a/2;break;case 2:g.a=i.a;g.b=i.b/2;break;case 3:g.a=i.a/2;g.b=i.b;break;case 4:g.b=i.b/2;}}else{g.a=i.a/2;g.b=i.b/2}} +function vwd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;if(a.ej()){k=a.Vi();i=a.fj();if(k>0){b=new Aud(a.Gi());c=k;f=c<100?null:new Ixd(c);Cvd(a,c,b.g);e=c==1?a.Zi(4,qud(b,0),null,0,i):a.Zi(6,b,null,-1,i);if(a.bj()){for(d=new Fyd(b);d.e!=d.i.gc();){f=a.dj(Dyd(d),f)}if(!f){a.$i(e)}else{f.Ei(e);f.Fi()}}else{if(!f){a.$i(e)}else{f.Ei(e);f.Fi()}}}else{Cvd(a,a.Vi(),a.Wi());a.$i(a.Zi(6,(mmb(),jmb),null,-1,i))}}else if(a.bj()){k=a.Vi();if(k>0){h=a.Wi();j=k;Cvd(a,k,h);f=j<100?null:new Ixd(j);for(d=0;da.d[g.p]){c+=zHc(a.b,f)*BD(i.b,19).a;Wjb(a.a,meb(f))}}while(!akb(a.a)){xHc(a.b,BD(fkb(a.a),19).a)}}return c} +function eed(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q;l=new g7c(BD(hkd(a,(X7c(),R7c)),8));l.a=$wnd.Math.max(l.a-c.b-c.c,0);l.b=$wnd.Math.max(l.b-c.d-c.a,0);e=ED(hkd(a,L7c));(e==null||(uCb(e),e)<=0)&&(e=1.3);h=new Rkb;for(o=new Fyd((!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a));o.e!=o.i.gc();){n=BD(Dyd(o),33);g=new xed(n);h.c[h.c.length]=g}m=BD(hkd(a,M7c),311);switch(m.g){case 3:q=bed(h,b,l.a,l.b,(j=d,uCb(e),e,j));break;case 1:q=aed(h,b,l.a,l.b,(k=d,uCb(e),e,k));break;default:q=ced(h,b,l.a,l.b,(i=d,uCb(e),e,i));}f=new wed(q);p=fed(f,b,c,l.a,l.b,d,(uCb(e),e));Afd(a,p.a,p.b,false,true)} +function vkc(a,b){var c,d,e,f;c=b.b;f=new Tkb(c.j);e=0;d=c.j;d.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,(Ucd(),Acd),(Fkc(),Ekc)),15),c);e=ikc(f,e,new blc,d);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Acd,Dkc),15),c);e=ikc(f,e,new dlc,d);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Acd,Ckc),15),c);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,zcd,Ekc),15),c);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,zcd,Dkc),15),c);e=ikc(f,e,new flc,d);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,zcd,Ckc),15),c);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Rcd,Ekc),15),c);e=ikc(f,e,new hlc,d);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Rcd,Dkc),15),c);e=ikc(f,e,new jlc,d);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Rcd,Ckc),15),c);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Tcd,Ekc),15),c);e=ikc(f,e,new Pkc,d);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Tcd,Dkc),15),c);hkc(BD(Si(a.b,Tcd,Ckc),15),c)} +function nbc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p;Odd(b,'Layer size calculation',1);k=Pje;j=Qje;e=false;for(h=new olb(a.b);h.a0.5?(r-=g*2*(o-0.5)):o<0.5&&(r+=f*2*(0.5-o));e=h.d.b;rq.a-p-k&&(r=q.a-p-k);h.n.a=b+r}} +function ced(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q;h=KC(UD,Vje,25,a.c.length,15,1);m=new gub(new Ned);_tb(m,a);j=0;p=new Rkb;while(m.b.c.length!=0){g=BD(m.b.c.length==0?null:Ikb(m.b,0),157);if(j>1&&red(g)*qed(g)/2>h[0]){f=0;while(fh[f]){++f}o=new Jib(p,0,f+1);l=new wed(o);k=red(g)/qed(g);i=fed(l,b,new p0b,c,d,e,k);P6c(X6c(l.e),i);zCb(cub(m,l));n=new Jib(p,f+1,p.c.length);_tb(m,n);p.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);j=0;Dlb(h,h.length,0)}else{q=m.b.c.length==0?null:Ikb(m.b,0);q!=null&&fub(m,0);j>0&&(h[j]=h[j-1]);h[j]+=red(g)*qed(g);++j;p.c[p.c.length]=g}}return p} +function Wac(a){var b,c,d,e,f;d=BD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),mxc)),163);if(d==(Ctc(),ytc)){for(c=new Sr(ur(R_b(a).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(c);){b=BD(Rr(c),17);if(!Yac(b)){throw vbb(new y2c(Fne+P_b(a)+"' has its layer constraint set to FIRST_SEPARATE, but has at least one incoming edge. 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c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;if(a.e&&a.c.cb.f||b.g>a.f){return}c=0;d=0;for(g=a.w.a.ec().Kc();g.Ob();){e=BD(g.Pb(),11);aRc(l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[e.i.n,e.n,e.a])).b,b.g,b.f)&&++c}for(h=a.r.a.ec().Kc();h.Ob();){e=BD(h.Pb(),11);aRc(l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[e.i.n,e.n,e.a])).b,b.g,b.f)&&--c}for(i=b.w.a.ec().Kc();i.Ob();){e=BD(i.Pb(),11);aRc(l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[e.i.n,e.n,e.a])).b,a.g,a.f)&&++d}for(f=b.r.a.ec().Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),11);aRc(l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[e.i.n,e.n,e.a])).b,a.g,a.f)&&--d}if(c=0){f=wid(b,c.substr(1,h-1));l=c.substr(h+1,j-(h+1));return pid(b,l,f)}}else{d=-1;Vcb==null&&(Vcb=new RegExp('\\d'));if(Vcb.test(String.fromCharCode(i))){d=lfb(c,wfb(46),j-1);if(d>=0){e=BD(hid(b,Bid(b,c.substr(1,d-1)),false),58);k=0;try{k=Icb(c.substr(d+1),Rie,Ohe)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,127)){g=a;throw vbb(new rFd(g))}else throw vbb(a)}if(k=0){return c}switch($1d(q1d(a,c))){case 2:{if(dfb('',o1d(a,c.Hj()).ne())){i=b2d(q1d(a,c));h=a2d(q1d(a,c));k=r1d(a,b,i,h);if(k){return k}e=f1d(a,b);for(g=0,l=e.gc();g1){throw vbb(new Wdb(Hwe))}k=S6d(a.e.Tg(),b);d=BD(a.g,119);for(g=0;g1;for(j=new b1b(m.b);llb(j.a)||llb(j.b);){i=BD(llb(j.a)?mlb(j.a):mlb(j.b),17);l=i.c==m?i.d:i.c;$wnd.Math.abs(l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[l.i.n,l.n,l.a])).b-g.b)>1&&GNc(a,i,g,f,m)}}} +function XPc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g;e=new Bib(a.e,0);d=new Bib(a.a,0);if(a.d){for(c=0;cOqe){f=b;g=0;while($wnd.Math.abs(b-f)0);e.a.Xb(e.c=--e.b);WPc(a,a.b-g,f,d,e);sCb(e.b0);d.a.Xb(d.c=--d.b)}if(!a.d){for(c=0;c0){a.f[k.p]=n/(k.e.c.length+k.g.c.length);a.c=$wnd.Math.min(a.c,a.f[k.p]);a.b=$wnd.Math.max(a.b,a.f[k.p])}else h&&(a.f[k.p]=n)}} +function $9d(a){a.b=null;a.bb=null;a.fb=null;a.qb=null;a.a=null;a.c=null;a.d=null;a.e=null;a.f=null;a.n=null;a.M=null;a.L=null;a.Q=null;a.R=null;a.K=null;a.db=null;a.eb=null;a.g=null;a.i=null;a.j=null;a.k=null;a.gb=null;a.o=null;a.p=null;a.q=null;a.r=null;a.$=null;a.ib=null;a.S=null;a.T=null;a.t=null;a.s=null;a.u=null;a.v=null;a.w=null;a.B=null;a.A=null;a.C=null;a.D=null;a.F=null;a.G=null;a.H=null;a.I=null;a.J=null;a.P=null;a.Z=null;a.U=null;a.V=null;a.W=null;a.X=null;a.Y=null;a._=null;a.ab=null;a.cb=null;a.hb=null;a.nb=null;a.lb=null;a.mb=null;a.ob=null;a.pb=null;a.jb=null;a.kb=null;a.N=false;a.O=false} +function l5b(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;Odd(c,'Graph transformation ('+a.a+')',1);g=Mu(b.a);for(f=new olb(b.b);f.a0){a.a=i+(n-1)*f;b.c.b+=a.a;b.f.b+=a.a}}if(o.a.gc()!=0){m=new tPc(1,f);n=sPc(m,b,o,p,b.f.b+i-b.c.b);n>0&&(b.f.b+=i+(n-1)*f)}} +function kKd(a,b){var c,d,e,f;f=a.F;if(b==null){a.F=null;$Jd(a,null)}else{a.F=(uCb(b),b);d=hfb(b,wfb(60));if(d!=-1){e=b.substr(0,d);hfb(b,wfb(46))==-1&&!dfb(e,Khe)&&!dfb(e,Eve)&&!dfb(e,Fve)&&!dfb(e,Gve)&&!dfb(e,Hve)&&!dfb(e,Ive)&&!dfb(e,Jve)&&!dfb(e,Kve)&&(e=Lve);c=kfb(b,wfb(62));c!=-1&&(e+=''+b.substr(c+1));$Jd(a,e)}else{e=b;if(hfb(b,wfb(46))==-1){d=hfb(b,wfb(91));d!=-1&&(e=b.substr(0,d));if(!dfb(e,Khe)&&!dfb(e,Eve)&&!dfb(e,Fve)&&!dfb(e,Gve)&&!dfb(e,Hve)&&!dfb(e,Ive)&&!dfb(e,Jve)&&!dfb(e,Kve)){e=Lve;d!=-1&&(e+=''+b.substr(d))}else{e=b}}$Jd(a,e);e==b&&(a.F=a.D)}}(a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0&&Uhd(a,new nSd(a,1,5,f,b))} +function AMc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t;p=b.b.c.length;if(p<3){return}n=KC(WD,oje,25,p,15,1);l=0;for(k=new olb(b.b);k.ag)&&Qqb(a.b,BD(q.b,17))}}++h}f=g}}}} +function o5c(b,c){var d;if(c==null||dfb(c,Xhe)){return null}if(c.length==0&&b.k!=(_5c(),W5c)){return null}switch(b.k.g){case 1:return efb(c,kse)?(Bcb(),Acb):efb(c,lse)?(Bcb(),zcb):null;case 2:try{return meb(Icb(c,Rie,Ohe))}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,127)){return null}else throw vbb(a)}case 4:try{return Hcb(c)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,127)){return null}else throw vbb(a)}case 3:return c;case 5:j5c(b);return m5c(b,c);case 6:j5c(b);return n5c(b,b.a,c);case 7:try{d=l5c(b);d.Jf(c);return d}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,32)){return null}else throw vbb(a)}default:throw vbb(new Zdb('Invalid type set for this layout option.'));}} +function JWb(a){AWb();var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;h=new CWb;for(c=new olb(a);c.a=h.b.c)&&(h.b=b);if(!h.c||b.c<=h.c.c){h.d=h.c;h.c=b}(!h.e||b.d>=h.e.d)&&(h.e=b);(!h.f||b.d<=h.f.d)&&(h.f=b)}d=new NWb((lWb(),hWb));rXb(a,yWb,new amb(OC(GC(bQ,1),Uhe,369,0,[d])));g=new NWb(kWb);rXb(a,xWb,new amb(OC(GC(bQ,1),Uhe,369,0,[g])));e=new NWb(iWb);rXb(a,wWb,new amb(OC(GC(bQ,1),Uhe,369,0,[e])));f=new NWb(jWb);rXb(a,vWb,new amb(OC(GC(bQ,1),Uhe,369,0,[f])));DWb(d.c,hWb);DWb(e.c,iWb);DWb(f.c,jWb);DWb(g.c,kWb);h.a.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);Gkb(h.a,d.c);Gkb(h.a,Su(e.c));Gkb(h.a,f.c);Gkb(h.a,Su(g.c));return h} +function jxd(a){var b;switch(a.d){case 1:{if(a.hj()){return a.o!=-2}break}case 2:{if(a.hj()){return a.o==-2}break}case 3:case 5:case 4:case 6:case 7:{return a.o>-2}default:{return false}}b=a.gj();switch(a.p){case 0:return b!=null&&Ccb(DD(b))!=Kbb(a.k,0);case 1:return b!=null&&BD(b,217).a!=Tbb(a.k)<<24>>24;case 2:return b!=null&&BD(b,172).a!=(Tbb(a.k)&aje);case 6:return b!=null&&Kbb(BD(b,162).a,a.k);case 5:return b!=null&&BD(b,19).a!=Tbb(a.k);case 7:return b!=null&&BD(b,184).a!=Tbb(a.k)<<16>>16;case 3:return b!=null&&Edb(ED(b))!=a.j;case 4:return b!=null&&BD(b,155).a!=a.j;default:return b==null?a.n!=null:!pb(b,a.n);}} +function nOd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g;if(a.Fk()&&a.Ek()){g=oOd(a,BD(c,56));if(PD(g)!==PD(c)){a.Oi(b);a.Ui(b,pOd(a,b,g));if(a.rk()){f=(e=BD(c,49),a.Dk()?a.Bk()?e.ih(a.b,zUd(BD(XKd(wjd(a.b),a.aj()),18)).n,BD(XKd(wjd(a.b),a.aj()).Yj(),26).Bj(),null):e.ih(a.b,bLd(e.Tg(),zUd(BD(XKd(wjd(a.b),a.aj()),18))),null,null):e.ih(a.b,-1-a.aj(),null,null));!BD(g,49).eh()&&(f=(d=BD(g,49),a.Dk()?a.Bk()?d.gh(a.b,zUd(BD(XKd(wjd(a.b),a.aj()),18)).n,BD(XKd(wjd(a.b),a.aj()).Yj(),26).Bj(),f):d.gh(a.b,bLd(d.Tg(),zUd(BD(XKd(wjd(a.b),a.aj()),18))),null,f):d.gh(a.b,-1-a.aj(),null,f)));!!f&&f.Fi()}oid(a.b)&&a.$i(a.Zi(9,c,g,b,false));return g}}return c} +function Noc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u;k=Edb(ED(vNb(a,(Nyc(),oyc))));d=Edb(ED(vNb(a,Cyc)));m=new _fd;yNb(m,oyc,k+d);j=b;r=j.d;p=j.c.i;s=j.d.i;q=G1b(p.c);t=G1b(s.c);e=new Rkb;for(l=q;l<=t;l++){h=new 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d,e,f,g,h,i;this.g=a;h=b.d.length;i=c.d.length;this.d=KC(OQ,kne,10,h+i,0,1);for(g=0;g0?ZEc(this,this.f/this.a):REc(b.g,b.d[0]).a!=null&&REc(c.g,c.d[0]).a!=null?ZEc(this,(Edb(REc(b.g,b.d[0]).a)+Edb(REc(c.g,c.d[0]).a))/2):REc(b.g,b.d[0]).a!=null?ZEc(this,REc(b.g,b.d[0]).a):REc(c.g,c.d[0]).a!=null&&ZEc(this,REc(c.g,c.d[0]).a)} +function BUb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;a.a=new dVb(oqb(t1));for(d=new olb(b.a);d.a=1){if(q-g>0&&l>=0){i.n.a+=p;i.n.b+=f*g}else if(q-g<0&&k>=0){i.n.a+=p*q;i.n.b+=f}}}a.o.a=b.a;a.o.b=b.b;yNb(a,(Nyc(),Fxc),(tdd(),d=BD(gdb(I1),9),new xqb(d,BD(_Bb(d,d.length),9),0)))} +function iFd(a,b,c,d,e,f){var g;if(!(b==null||!OEd(b,zEd,AEd))){throw vbb(new Wdb('invalid scheme: '+b))}if(!a&&!(c!=null&&hfb(c,wfb(35))==-1&&c.length>0&&(BCb(0,c.length),c.charCodeAt(0)!=47))){throw vbb(new Wdb('invalid opaquePart: '+c))}if(a&&!(b!=null&&hnb(GEd,b.toLowerCase()))&&!(c==null||!OEd(c,CEd,DEd))){throw vbb(new Wdb(mve+c))}if(a&&b!=null&&hnb(GEd,b.toLowerCase())&&!eFd(c)){throw vbb(new Wdb(mve+c))}if(!fFd(d)){throw vbb(new Wdb('invalid device: '+d))}if(!hFd(e)){g=e==null?'invalid segments: null':'invalid segment: '+VEd(e);throw vbb(new Wdb(g))}if(!(f==null||hfb(f,wfb(35))==-1)){throw vbb(new Wdb('invalid query: '+f))}} +function nVc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r;Odd(b,'Calculate Graph Size',1);b.n&&!!a&&Tdd(b,i6d(a),(pgd(),mgd));h=dme;i=dme;f=ere;g=ere;for(l=new Fyd((!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a));l.e!=l.i.gc();){j=BD(Dyd(l),33);o=j.i;p=j.j;r=j.g;d=j.f;e=BD(hkd(j,(Y9c(),S8c)),142);h=$wnd.Math.min(h,o-e.b);i=$wnd.Math.min(i,p-e.d);f=$wnd.Math.max(f,o+r+e.c);g=$wnd.Math.max(g,p+d+e.a)}n=BD(hkd(a,(Y9c(),f9c)),116);m=new f7c(h-n.b,i-n.d);for(k=new Fyd((!a.a&&(a.a=new cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a));k.e!=k.i.gc();){j=BD(Dyd(k),33);dld(j,j.i-m.a);eld(j,j.j-m.b)}q=f-h+(n.b+n.c);c=g-i+(n.d+n.a);cld(a,q);ald(a,c);b.n&&!!a&&Tdd(b,i6d(a),(pgd(),mgd))} +function rGb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;d=new Rkb;for(g=new olb(a.e.a);g.a0){gA(a,c,0);c.a+=String.fromCharCode(d);e=lA(b,f);gA(a,c,e);f+=e-1;continue}if(d==39){if(f+11){p=KC(WD,oje,25,a.b.b.c.length,15,1);l=0;for(j=new olb(a.b.b);j.a=h&&e<=i){if(h<=e&&f<=i){c[k++]=e;c[k++]=f;d+=2}else if(h<=e){c[k++]=e;c[k++]=i;a.b[d]=i+1;g+=2}else if(f<=i){c[k++]=h;c[k++]=f;d+=2}else{c[k++]=h;c[k++]=i;a.b[d]=i+1}}else if(iQie)&&h<10);zVb(a.c,new _Ub);OUb(a);vVb(a.c);yUb(a.f)} +function sZb(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q;if(!Ccb(DD(vNb(c,(Nyc(),fxc))))){return}for(h=new olb(c.j);h.a=2){i=Jsb(c,0);g=BD(Xsb(i),8);h=BD(Xsb(i),8);while(h.a0&&jEb(j,true,(ead(),bad));h.k==(j0b(),e0b)&&kEb(j);Rhb(a.f,h,b)}}} +function Bbc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;Odd(c,'Node promotion heuristic',1);a.g=b;Abc(a);a.q=BD(vNb(b,(Nyc(),rxc)),260);k=BD(vNb(a.g,qxc),19).a;f=new Jbc;switch(a.q.g){case 2:case 1:Dbc(a,f);break;case 3:a.q=(kAc(),jAc);Dbc(a,f);i=0;for(h=new olb(a.a);h.aa.j){a.q=dAc;Dbc(a,f)}break;case 4:a.q=(kAc(),jAc);Dbc(a,f);j=0;for(e=new 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c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p;c=BD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),Vxc)),98);g=a.f;f=a.d;h=g.a+f.b+f.c;i=0-f.d-a.c.b;k=g.b+f.d+f.a-a.c.b;j=new Rkb;l=new Rkb;for(e=new olb(b);e.a0),BD(k.a.Xb(k.c=--k.b),17));while(f!=d&&k.b>0){a.a[f.p]=true;a.a[d.p]=true;f=(sCb(k.b>0),BD(k.a.Xb(k.c=--k.b),17))}k.b>0&&uib(k)}}}} +function Vmd(b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;if(b.a!=c.Aj()){throw vbb(new Wdb(tte+c.ne()+ute))}e=o1d((O6d(),M6d),c).$k();if(e){return e.Aj().Nh().Ih(e,d)}h=o1d(M6d,c).al();if(h){if(d==null){return null}i=BD(d,15);if(i.dc()){return ''}m=new Hfb;for(g=i.Kc();g.Ob();){f=g.Pb();Efb(m,h.Aj().Nh().Ih(h,f));m.a+=' '}return lcb(m,m.a.length-1)}l=o1d(M6d,c).bl();if(!l.dc()){for(k=l.Kc();k.Ob();){j=BD(k.Pb(),148);if(j.wj(d)){try{m=j.Aj().Nh().Ih(j,d);if(m!=null){return m}}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(!JD(a,102))throw vbb(a)}}}throw vbb(new Wdb("Invalid value: '"+d+"' for datatype :"+c.ne()))}BD(c,834).Fj();return d==null?null:JD(d,172)?''+BD(d,172).a:rb(d)==$J?CQd(Pmd[0],BD(d,199)):fcb(d)} +function zQc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;j=new Psb;h=new Psb;for(f=new olb(a);f.a-1){for(e=Jsb(h,0);e.b!=e.d.c;){d=BD(Xsb(e),128);d.v=g}while(h.b!=0){d=BD(Vt(h,0),128);for(c=new olb(d.i);c.a0){c+=i.n.a+i.o.a/2;++l}for(o=new olb(i.j);o.a0&&(c/=l);r=KC(UD,Vje,25,d.a.c.length,15,1);h=0;for(j=new olb(d.a);j.a=h&&e<=i){if(h<=e&&f<=i){d+=2}else if(h<=e){a.b[d]=i+1;g+=2}else if(f<=i){c[k++]=e;c[k++]=h-1;d+=2}else{c[k++]=e;c[k++]=h-1;a.b[d]=i+1;g+=2}}else if(i0?(e-=86400000):(e+=86400000);i=new gB(wbb(Cbb(b.q.getTime()),e))}k=new Vfb;j=a.a.length;for(f=0;f=97&&d<=122||d>=65&&d<=90){for(g=f+1;g=j){throw vbb(new Wdb("Missing trailing '"))}g+10&&c.c==0){!b&&(b=new Rkb);b.c[b.c.length]=c}}if(b){while(b.c.length!=0){c=BD(Kkb(b,0),233);if(!!c.b&&c.b.c.length>0){for(f=(!c.b&&(c.b=new Rkb),new olb(c.b));f.aJkb(a,c,0)){return new vgd(e,c)}}else if(Edb(REc(e.g,e.d[0]).a)>Edb(REc(c.g,c.d[0]).a)){return new vgd(e,c)}}}for(h=(!c.e&&(c.e=new Rkb),c.e).Kc();h.Ob();){g=BD(h.Pb(),233);i=(!g.b&&(g.b=new Rkb),g.b);wCb(0,i.c.length);aCb(i.c,0,c);g.c==i.c.length&&(b.c[b.c.length]=g,true)}}}return null} +function wlb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;if(a==null){return Xhe}i=b.a.zc(a,b);if(i!=null){return '[...]'}c=new xwb(She,'[',']');for(e=a,f=0,g=e.length;f=14&&k<=16))){if(b.a._b(d)){!c.a?(c.a=new Wfb(c.d)):Qfb(c.a,c.b);Nfb(c.a,'[...]')}else{h=CD(d);j=new Vqb(b);uwb(c,wlb(h,j))}}else JD(d,177)?uwb(c,Xlb(BD(d,177))):JD(d,190)?uwb(c,Qlb(BD(d,190))):JD(d,195)?uwb(c,Rlb(BD(d,195))):JD(d,2012)?uwb(c,Wlb(BD(d,2012))):JD(d,48)?uwb(c,Ulb(BD(d,48))):JD(d,364)?uwb(c,Vlb(BD(d,364))):JD(d,832)?uwb(c,Tlb(BD(d,832))):JD(d,104)&&uwb(c,Slb(BD(d,104)))}else{uwb(c,d==null?Xhe:fcb(d))}}return !c.a?c.c:c.e.length==0?c.a.a:c.a.a+(''+c.e)} +function xQb(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t;h=itd(b,false,false);r=ofd(h);d&&(r=w7c(r));t=Edb(ED(hkd(b,(CPb(),vPb))));q=(sCb(r.b!=0),BD(r.a.a.c,8));l=BD(Ut(r,1),8);if(r.b>2){k=new Rkb;Gkb(k,new Jib(r,1,r.b));f=sQb(k,t+a.a);s=new XOb(f);tNb(s,b);c.c[c.c.length]=s}else{d?(s=BD(Ohb(a.b,jtd(b)),266)):(s=BD(Ohb(a.b,ltd(b)),266))}i=jtd(b);d&&(i=ltd(b));g=zQb(q,i);j=t+a.a;if(g.a){j+=$wnd.Math.abs(q.b-l.b);p=new f7c(l.a,(l.b+q.b)/2)}else{j+=$wnd.Math.abs(q.a-l.a);p=new f7c((l.a+q.a)/2,l.b)}d?Rhb(a.d,b,new ZOb(s,g,p,j)):Rhb(a.c,b,new ZOb(s,g,p,j));Rhb(a.b,b,s);o=(!b.n&&(b.n=new cUd(D2,b,1,7)),b.n);for(n=new Fyd(o);n.e!=n.i.gc();){m=BD(Dyd(n),137);e=wQb(a,m,true,0,0);c.c[c.c.length]=e}} +function wPc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k;j=new Rkb;h=new Rkb;for(g=new olb(a);g.a-1){for(f=new olb(h);f.a0){continue}rOc(i,$wnd.Math.min(i.o,e.o-1));qOc(i,i.i-1);i.i==0&&(h.c[h.c.length]=i,true)}}}} +function QQd(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j;j=a.c;!b&&(b=FQd);a.c=b;if((a.Db&4)!=0&&(a.Db&1)==0){i=new nSd(a,1,2,j,a.c);!c?(c=i):c.Ei(i)}if(j!=b){if(JD(a.Cb,284)){if(a.Db>>16==-10){c=BD(a.Cb,284).nk(b,c)}else if(a.Db>>16==-15){!b&&(b=(jGd(),YFd));!j&&(j=(jGd(),YFd));if(a.Cb.nh()){i=new pSd(a.Cb,1,13,j,b,HLd(QSd(BD(a.Cb,59)),a),false);!c?(c=i):c.Ei(i)}}}else if(JD(a.Cb,88)){if(a.Db>>16==-23){JD(b,88)||(b=(jGd(),_Fd));JD(j,88)||(j=(jGd(),_Fd));if(a.Cb.nh()){i=new pSd(a.Cb,1,10,j,b,HLd(VKd(BD(a.Cb,26)),a),false);!c?(c=i):c.Ei(i)}}}else if(JD(a.Cb,444)){h=BD(a.Cb,836);g=(!h.b&&(h.b=new RYd(new NYd)),h.b);for(f=(d=new nib((new eib(g.a)).a),new ZYd(d));f.a.b;){e=BD(lib(f.a).cd(),87);c=QQd(e,MQd(e,h),c)}}}return c} +function O1b(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;g=Ccb(DD(hkd(a,(Nyc(),fxc))));m=BD(hkd(a,Yxc),21);i=false;j=false;l=new Fyd((!a.c&&(a.c=new cUd(F2,a,9,9)),a.c));while(l.e!=l.i.gc()&&(!i||!j)){f=BD(Dyd(l),118);h=0;for(e=ul(pl(OC(GC(KI,1),Uhe,20,0,[(!f.d&&(f.d=new y5d(B2,f,8,5)),f.d),(!f.e&&(f.e=new y5d(B2,f,7,4)),f.e)])));Qr(e);){d=BD(Rr(e),79);k=g&&Qld(d)&&Ccb(DD(hkd(d,gxc)));c=ELd((!d.b&&(d.b=new y5d(z2,d,4,7)),d.b),f)?a==Xod(atd(BD(qud((!d.c&&(d.c=new y5d(z2,d,5,8)),d.c),0),82))):a==Xod(atd(BD(qud((!d.b&&(d.b=new y5d(z2,d,4,7)),d.b),0),82)));if(k||c){++h;if(h>1){break}}}h>0?(i=true):m.Hc((rcd(),ncd))&&(!f.n&&(f.n=new cUd(D2,f,1,7)),f.n).i>0&&(i=true);h>1&&(j=true)}i&&b.Fc((Orc(),Hrc));j&&b.Fc((Orc(),Irc))} +function zfd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;m=BD(hkd(a,(Y9c(),Y8c)),21);if(m.dc()){return null}h=0;g=0;if(m.Hc((tdd(),rdd))){k=BD(hkd(a,t9c),98);d=2;c=2;e=2;f=2;b=!Xod(a)?BD(hkd(a,z8c),103):BD(hkd(Xod(a),z8c),103);for(j=new Fyd((!a.c&&(a.c=new cUd(F2,a,9,9)),a.c));j.e!=j.i.gc();){i=BD(Dyd(j),118);l=BD(hkd(i,A9c),61);if(l==(Ucd(),Scd)){l=lfd(i,b);jkd(i,A9c,l)}if(k==(dcd(),$bd)){switch(l.g){case 1:d=$wnd.Math.max(d,i.i+i.g);break;case 2:c=$wnd.Math.max(c,i.j+i.f);break;case 3:e=$wnd.Math.max(e,i.i+i.g);break;case 4:f=$wnd.Math.max(f,i.j+i.f);}}else{switch(l.g){case 1:d+=i.g+2;break;case 2:c+=i.f+2;break;case 3:e+=i.g+2;break;case 4:f+=i.f+2;}}}h=$wnd.Math.max(d,e);g=$wnd.Math.max(c,f)}return Afd(a,h,g,true,true)} +function lnc(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u;s=BD(GAb(VAb(JAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(b.d,16)),new pnc(c)),new rnc(c)),Byb(new fzb,new dzb,new Ezb,OC(GC(xL,1),Kie,132,0,[(Fyb(),Dyb)]))),15);l=Ohe;k=Rie;for(i=new olb(b.b.j);i.a0;if(j){if(j){m=r.p;g?++m:--m;l=BD(Ikb(r.c.a,m),10);d=I4b(l);n=!(s6c(d,w,c[0])||n6c(d,w,c[0]))}}else{n=true}}o=false;v=b.D.i;if(!!v&&!!v.c&&h.e){k=g&&v.p>0||!g&&v.p0&&(b.a+=She,b);yfd(BD(Dyd(h),160),b)}b.a+=gne;i=new Oyd((!d.c&&(d.c=new y5d(z2,d,5,8)),d.c));while(i.e!=i.i.gc()){i.e>0&&(b.a+=She,b);yfd(BD(Dyd(i),160),b)}b.a+=')'}}} +function y2b(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n;f=BD(vNb(a,(wtc(),$sc)),79);if(!f){return}d=a.a;e=new g7c(c);P6c(e,C2b(a));if(f_b(a.d.i,a.c.i)){m=a.c;l=l7c(OC(GC(m1,1),nie,8,0,[m.n,m.a]));c7c(l,c)}else{l=A0b(a.c)}Gsb(d,l,d.a,d.a.a);n=A0b(a.d);vNb(a,utc)!=null&&P6c(n,BD(vNb(a,utc),8));Gsb(d,n,d.c.b,d.c);q7c(d,e);g=itd(f,true,true);kmd(g,BD(qud((!f.b&&(f.b=new y5d(z2,f,4,7)),f.b),0),82));lmd(g,BD(qud((!f.c&&(f.c=new y5d(z2,f,5,8)),f.c),0),82));ifd(d,g);for(k=new olb(a.b);k.a=0){i=null;h=new Bib(k.a,j+1);while(h.bg?1:Ny(isNaN(0),isNaN(g)))<0&&(null,My(Jqe),($wnd.Math.abs(g-1)<=Jqe||g==1||isNaN(g)&&isNaN(1)?0:g<1?-1:g>1?1:Ny(isNaN(g),isNaN(1)))<0)&&(null,My(Jqe),($wnd.Math.abs(0-h)<=Jqe||0==h||isNaN(0)&&isNaN(h)?0:0h?1:Ny(isNaN(0),isNaN(h)))<0)&&(null,My(Jqe),($wnd.Math.abs(h-1)<=Jqe||h==1||isNaN(h)&&isNaN(1)?0:h<1?-1:h>1?1:Ny(isNaN(h),isNaN(1)))<0));return f} +function z6d(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w;for(l=new usb(new nsb(a));l.b!=l.c.a.d;){k=tsb(l);h=BD(k.d,56);b=BD(k.e,56);g=h.Tg();for(p=0,u=(g.i==null&&TKd(g),g.i).length;p=0&&p=j.c.c.length?(k=JJc((j0b(),h0b),g0b)):(k=JJc((j0b(),g0b),g0b));k*=2;f=c.a.g;c.a.g=$wnd.Math.max(f,f+(k-f));g=c.b.g;c.b.g=$wnd.Math.max(g,g+(k-g));e=b}}} +function VNc(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v;v=Hx(a);k=new Rkb;h=a.c.length;l=h-1;m=h+1;while(v.a.c!=0){while(c.b!=0){t=(sCb(c.b!=0),BD(Nsb(c,c.a.a),112));Jwb(v.a,t)!=null;t.g=l--;YNc(t,b,c,d)}while(b.b!=0){u=(sCb(b.b!=0),BD(Nsb(b,b.a.a),112));Jwb(v.a,u)!=null;u.g=m++;YNc(u,b,c,d)}j=Rie;for(r=(g=new Ywb((new cxb((new Gjb(v.a)).a)).b),new Njb(g));sib(r.a.a);){q=(f=Wwb(r.a),BD(f.cd(),112));if(!d&&q.b>0&&q.a<=0){k.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);k.c[k.c.length]=q;break}p=q.i-q.d;if(p>=j){if(p>j){k.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);j=p}k.c[k.c.length]=q}}if(k.c.length!=0){i=BD(Ikb(k,Bub(e,k.c.length)),112);Jwb(v.a,i)!=null;i.g=m++;YNc(i,b,c,d);k.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1)}}s=a.c.length+1;for(o=new olb(a);o.a0){m.d+=k.n.d;m.d+=k.d}if(m.a>0){m.a+=k.n.a;m.a+=k.d}if(m.b>0){m.b+=k.n.b;m.b+=k.d}if(m.c>0){m.c+=k.n.c;m.c+=k.d}return m} +function d6b(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;m=c.d;l=c.c;f=new f7c(c.f.a+c.d.b+c.d.c,c.f.b+c.d.d+c.d.a);g=f.b;for(j=new olb(a.a);j.a0){a.c[b.c.p][b.p].d+=Cub(a.i,24)*lke*0.07000000029802322-0.03500000014901161;a.c[b.c.p][b.p].a=a.c[b.c.p][b.p].d/a.c[b.c.p][b.p].b}} +function m5b(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q;for(o=new olb(a);o.ad.d;d.d=$wnd.Math.max(d.d,b);if(h&&c){d.d=$wnd.Math.max(d.d,d.a);d.a=d.d+e}break;case 3:c=b>d.a;d.a=$wnd.Math.max(d.a,b);if(h&&c){d.a=$wnd.Math.max(d.a,d.d);d.d=d.a+e}break;case 2:c=b>d.c;d.c=$wnd.Math.max(d.c,b);if(h&&c){d.c=$wnd.Math.max(d.b,d.c);d.b=d.c+e}break;case 4:c=b>d.b;d.b=$wnd.Math.max(d.b,b);if(h&&c){d.b=$wnd.Math.max(d.b,d.c);d.c=d.b+e}}}}} +function l3b(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;for(j=new olb(a);j.a0||k.j==Tcd&&k.e.c.length-k.g.c.length<0)){b=false;break}for(e=new olb(k.g);e.a=j&&v>=q){m+=o.n.b+p.n.b+p.a.b-u;++h}}}}if(c){for(g=new olb(s.e);g.a=j&&v>=q){m+=o.n.b+p.n.b+p.a.b-u;++h}}}}}if(h>0){w+=m/h;++n}}if(n>0){b.a=e*w/n;b.g=n}else{b.a=0;b.g=0}} +function oMc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m;for(e=new olb(a.a.b);e.aQje||b.o==cMc&&k0&&dld(r,u*w);v>0&&eld(r,v*A)}stb(a.b,new CQb);b=new Rkb;for(h=new nib((new eib(a.c)).a);h.b;){g=lib(h);d=BD(g.cd(),79);c=BD(g.dd(),395).a;e=itd(d,false,false);l=oQb(jtd(d),ofd(e),c);ifd(l,e);t=ktd(d);if(!!t&&Jkb(b,t,0)==-1){b.c[b.c.length]=t;pQb(t,(sCb(l.b!=0),BD(l.a.a.c,8)),c)}}for(q=new nib((new eib(a.d)).a);q.b;){p=lib(q);d=BD(p.cd(),79);c=BD(p.dd(),395).a;e=itd(d,false,false);l=oQb(ltd(d),w7c(ofd(e)),c);l=w7c(l);ifd(l,e);t=mtd(d);if(!!t&&Jkb(b,t,0)==-1){b.c[b.c.length]=t;pQb(t,(sCb(l.b!=0),BD(l.c.b.c,8)),c)}}} +function _Vc(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B;if(c.c.length!=0){o=new Rkb;for(n=new olb(c);n.a1){n=new ZQc(o,t,d);reb(t,new PQc(a,n));g.c[g.c.length]=n;for(l=t.a.ec().Kc();l.Ob();){k=BD(l.Pb(),46);Lkb(f,k.b)}}if(h.a.gc()>1){n=new ZQc(o,h,d);reb(h,new RQc(a,n));g.c[g.c.length]=n;for(l=h.a.ec().Kc();l.Ob();){k=BD(l.Pb(),46);Lkb(f,k.b)}}}} +function $Wc(a){r4c(a,new E3c(L3c(P3c(M3c(O3c(N3c(new R3c,sre),'ELK Radial'),'A radial layout provider which is based on the algorithm of Peter Eades published in "Drawing free trees.", published by International Institute for Advanced Study of Social Information Science, Fujitsu Limited in 1991. The radial layouter takes a tree and places the nodes in radial order around the root. The nodes of the same tree level are placed on the same radius.'),new bXc),sre)));p4c(a,sre,uqe,Ksd(UWc));p4c(a,sre,wme,Ksd(XWc));p4c(a,sre,Fme,Ksd(NWc));p4c(a,sre,Tme,Ksd(OWc));p4c(a,sre,Eme,Ksd(PWc));p4c(a,sre,Gme,Ksd(MWc));p4c(a,sre,Dme,Ksd(QWc));p4c(a,sre,Hme,Ksd(TWc));p4c(a,sre,ore,Ksd(KWc));p4c(a,sre,nre,Ksd(LWc));p4c(a,sre,rre,Ksd(RWc));p4c(a,sre,lre,Ksd(SWc));p4c(a,sre,mre,Ksd(VWc));p4c(a,sre,pre,Ksd(WWc));p4c(a,sre,qre,Ksd(YWc))} +function LIb(a){var b;this.r=Cy(new OIb,new SIb);this.b=new Rpb(BD(Qb(F1),290));this.p=new Rpb(BD(Qb(F1),290));this.i=new Rpb(BD(Qb(DN),290));this.e=a;this.o=new g7c(a.rf());this.D=a.Df()||Ccb(DD(a.We((Y9c(),M8c))));this.A=BD(a.We((Y9c(),Y8c)),21);this.B=BD(a.We(b9c),21);this.q=BD(a.We(t9c),98);this.u=BD(a.We(x9c),21);if(!ucd(this.u)){throw vbb(new y2c('Invalid port label placement: '+this.u))}this.v=Ccb(DD(a.We(z9c)));this.j=BD(a.We(W8c),21);if(!Jbd(this.j)){throw vbb(new y2c('Invalid node label placement: 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cUd(E2,a,10,11)),a.a));v.e!=v.i.gc();){u=BD(Dyd(v),33);for(k=new Sr(ur(_sd(u).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(k);){j=BD(Rr(k),79);Pld(j)||Kgd(j,b,A,w)}}A+=e.b+e.c;w+=e.d+e.a;Afd(a,A,w,false,true)} +function Jcb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l;if(a==null){throw vbb(new Oeb(Xhe))}j=a;f=a.length;i=false;if(f>0){b=(BCb(0,a.length),a.charCodeAt(0));if(b==45||b==43){a=a.substr(1);--f;i=b==45}}if(f==0){throw vbb(new Oeb(Oje+j+'"'))}while(a.length>0&&(BCb(0,a.length),a.charCodeAt(0)==48)){a=a.substr(1);--f}if(f>(Neb(),Leb)[10]){throw vbb(new Oeb(Oje+j+'"'))}for(e=0;e0){l=-parseInt(a.substr(0,d),10);a=a.substr(d);f-=d;c=false}while(f>=g){d=parseInt(a.substr(0,g),10);a=a.substr(g);f-=g;if(c){c=false}else{if(ybb(l,h)<0){throw vbb(new Oeb(Oje+j+'"'))}l=Ibb(l,k)}l=Qbb(l,d)}if(ybb(l,0)>0){throw vbb(new Oeb(Oje+j+'"'))}if(!i){l=Jbb(l);if(ybb(l,0)<0){throw vbb(new Oeb(Oje+j+'"'))}}return l} +function Z6d(a,b){X6d();var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;this.a=new a7d(this);this.b=a;this.c=b;this.f=c2d(q1d((O6d(),M6d),b));if(this.f.dc()){if((h=t1d(M6d,a))==b){this.e=true;this.d=new Rkb;this.f=new oFd;this.f.Fc(Ewe);BD(V1d(p1d(M6d,bKd(a)),''),26)==a&&this.f.Fc(u1d(M6d,bKd(a)));for(e=g1d(M6d,a).Kc();e.Ob();){d=BD(e.Pb(),170);switch($1d(q1d(M6d,d))){case 4:{this.d.Fc(d);break}case 5:{this.f.Gc(c2d(q1d(M6d,d)));break}}}}else{Q6d();if(BD(b,66).Oj()){this.e=true;this.f=null;this.d=new Rkb;for(g=0,i=(a.i==null&&TKd(a),a.i).length;g=0&&g0&&(BD(Mpb(a.b,b),124).a.b=c)} +function b3b(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r;Odd(b,'Comment pre-processing',1);c=0;i=new olb(a.a);while(i.a0){j=(BCb(0,c.length),c.charCodeAt(0));if(j!=64){if(j==37){m=c.lastIndexOf('%');k=false;if(m!=0&&(m==n-1||(k=(BCb(m+1,c.length),c.charCodeAt(m+1)==46)))){h=c.substr(1,m-1);u=dfb('%',h)?null:QEd(h);e=0;if(k){try{e=Icb(c.substr(m+2),Rie,Ohe)}catch(a){a=ubb(a);if(JD(a,127)){i=a;throw vbb(new rFd(i))}else throw 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cde(a){ade();var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q;if(a==null)return null;l=a.length*8;if(l==0){return ''}h=l%24;n=l/24|0;m=h!=0?n+1:n;f=null;f=KC(TD,$ie,25,m*4,15,1);j=0;k=0;b=0;c=0;d=0;g=0;e=0;for(i=0;i>24;j=(b&3)<<24>>24;o=(b&-128)==0?b>>2<<24>>24:(b>>2^192)<<24>>24;p=(c&-128)==0?c>>4<<24>>24:(c>>4^240)<<24>>24;q=(d&-128)==0?d>>6<<24>>24:(d>>6^252)<<24>>24;f[g++]=_ce[o];f[g++]=_ce[p|j<<4];f[g++]=_ce[k<<2|q];f[g++]=_ce[d&63]}if(h==8){b=a[e];j=(b&3)<<24>>24;o=(b&-128)==0?b>>2<<24>>24:(b>>2^192)<<24>>24;f[g++]=_ce[o];f[g++]=_ce[j<<4];f[g++]=61;f[g++]=61}else if(h==16){b=a[e];c=a[e+1];k=(c&15)<<24>>24;j=(b&3)<<24>>24;o=(b&-128)==0?b>>2<<24>>24:(b>>2^192)<<24>>24;p=(c&-128)==0?c>>4<<24>>24:(c>>4^240)<<24>>24;f[g++]=_ce[o];f[g++]=_ce[p|j<<4];f[g++]=_ce[k<<2];f[g++]=61}return zfb(f,0,f.length)} +function mB(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i;a.e==0&&a.p>0&&(a.p=-(a.p-1));a.p>Rie&&dB(b,a.p-nje);g=b.q.getDate();ZA(b,1);a.k>=0&&aB(b,a.k);if(a.c>=0){ZA(b,a.c)}else if(a.k>=0){i=new 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olb(b.a);k.a0&&Ekb(a.p,k);Ekb(a.o,k)}b-=d;n=i+b;j+=b*a.e;Nkb(a.a,h,meb(n));Nkb(a.b,h,j);a.j=$wnd.Math.max(a.j,n);a.k=$wnd.Math.max(a.k,j);a.d+=b;b+=p}} +function Ucd(){Ucd=ccb;var a;Scd=new Ycd(ole,0);Acd=new Ycd(xle,1);zcd=new Ycd(yle,2);Rcd=new Ycd(zle,3);Tcd=new Ycd(Ale,4);Fcd=(mmb(),new zob((a=BD(gdb(F1),9),new xqb(a,BD(_Bb(a,a.length),9),0))));Gcd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[])));Bcd=Up(qqb(zcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[])));Ocd=Up(qqb(Rcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[])));Qcd=Up(qqb(Tcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[])));Lcd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Rcd])));Ecd=Up(qqb(zcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Tcd])));Ncd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Tcd])));Hcd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[zcd])));Pcd=Up(qqb(Rcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Tcd])));Ccd=Up(qqb(zcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Rcd])));Kcd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[zcd,Tcd])));Dcd=Up(qqb(zcd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Rcd,Tcd])));Mcd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[Rcd,Tcd])));Icd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[zcd,Rcd])));Jcd=Up(qqb(Acd,OC(GC(F1,1),bne,61,0,[zcd,Rcd,Tcd])))} +function fSc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t;if(b.b!=0){n=new Psb;h=null;o=null;d=QD($wnd.Math.floor($wnd.Math.log(b.b)*$wnd.Math.LOG10E)+1);i=0;for(t=Jsb(b,0);t.b!=t.d.c;){r=BD(Xsb(t),86);if(PD(o)!==PD(vNb(r,(mTc(),$Sc)))){o=GD(vNb(r,$Sc));i=0}o!=null?(h=o+iSc(i++,d)):(h=iSc(i++,d));yNb(r,$Sc,h);for(q=(e=Jsb((new ZRc(r)).a.d,0),new aSc(e));Wsb(q.a);){p=BD(Xsb(q.a),188).c;Gsb(n,p,n.c.b,n.c);yNb(p,$Sc,h)}}m=new Lqb;for(g=0;g=i){sCb(r.b>0);r.a.Xb(r.c=--r.b);break}else if(p.a>j){if(!e){Ekb(p.b,l);p.c=$wnd.Math.min(p.c,j);p.a=$wnd.Math.max(p.a,i);e=p}else{Gkb(e.b,p.b);e.a=$wnd.Math.max(e.a,p.a);uib(r)}}}if(!e){e=new TCc;e.c=j;e.a=i;Aib(r,e);Ekb(e.b,l)}}h=b.b;k=0;for(q=new olb(d);q.ah?1:0}if(a.b){a.b._b(f)&&(e=BD(a.b.xc(f),19).a);a.b._b(i)&&(h=BD(a.b.xc(i),19).a)}return eh?1:0}return b.e.c.length!=0&&c.g.c.length!=0?1:-1} +function acc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A;Odd(b,Ine,1);p=new Rkb;w=new Rkb;for(j=new olb(a.b);j.a0&&(t-=n);h_b(g,t);k=0;for(m=new olb(g.a);m.a0);h.a.Xb(h.c=--h.b)}i=0.4*d*k;!f&&h.bb.d.c){n=a.c[b.a.d];q=a.c[l.a.d];if(n==q){continue}AFb(DFb(CFb(EFb(BFb(new FFb,1),100),n),q))}}}}}}} +function QEd(a){IEd();var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i;if(a==null)return null;e=hfb(a,wfb(37));if(e<0){return a}else{i=new Wfb(a.substr(0,e));b=KC(SD,wte,25,4,15,1);h=0;d=0;for(g=a.length;ee+2&&_Ed((BCb(e+1,a.length),a.charCodeAt(e+1)),xEd,yEd)&&_Ed((BCb(e+2,a.length),a.charCodeAt(e+2)),xEd,yEd)){c=dFd((BCb(e+1,a.length),a.charCodeAt(e+1)),(BCb(e+2,a.length),a.charCodeAt(e+2)));e+=2;if(d>0){(c&192)==128?(b[h++]=c<<24>>24):(d=0)}else if(c>=128){if((c&224)==192){b[h++]=c<<24>>24;d=2}else if((c&240)==224){b[h++]=c<<24>>24;d=3}else if((c&248)==240){b[h++]=c<<24>>24;d=4}}if(d>0){if(h==d){switch(h){case 2:{Kfb(i,((b[0]&31)<<6|b[1]&63)&aje);break}case 3:{Kfb(i,((b[0]&15)<<12|(b[1]&63)<<6|b[2]&63)&aje);break}}h=0;d=0}}else{for(f=0;f0){if(g+d>a.length){return false}h=rA(a.substr(0,g+d),b)}else{h=rA(a,b)}}switch(f){case 71:h=oA(a,g,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[pje,qje]),b);e.e=h;return true;case 77:return zA(a,b,e,h,g);case 76:return BA(a,b,e,h,g);case 69:return xA(a,b,g,e);case 99:return AA(a,b,g,e);case 97:h=oA(a,g,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['AM','PM']),b);e.b=h;return true;case 121:return DA(a,b,g,h,c,e);case 100:if(h<=0){return false}e.c=h;return true;case 83:if(h<0){return false}return yA(h,g,b[0],e);case 104:h==12&&(h=0);case 75:case 72:if(h<0){return false}e.f=h;e.g=false;return true;case 107:if(h<0){return false}e.f=h;e.g=true;return true;case 109:if(h<0){return false}e.j=h;return true;case 115:if(h<0){return false}e.n=h;return true;case 90:if(gw&&(o.c=w-o.b);Ekb(g.d,new BLb(o,bLb(g,o)));s=b==Acd?$wnd.Math.max(s,p.b+j.b.rf().b):$wnd.Math.min(s,p.b)}s+=b==Acd?a.t:-a.t;t=cLb((g.e=s,g));t>0&&(BD(Mpb(a.b,b),124).a.b=t);for(k=m.Kc();k.Ob();){j=BD(k.Pb(),111);if(!j.c||j.c.d.c.length<=0){continue}o=j.c.i;o.c-=j.e.a;o.d-=j.e.b}} +function SPb(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n;b=new Lqb;for(i=new 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BD(a.Xb(0),231)}else if(a.gc()<=0){return new kRb}for(e=a.Kc();e.Ob();){c=BD(e.Pb(),231);o=0;k=Ohe;l=Ohe;i=Rie;j=Rie;for(n=new olb(c.e);n.ah){t=0;u+=g+r;g=0}JQb(p,c,t,u);b=$wnd.Math.max(b,t+q.a);g=$wnd.Math.max(g,q.b);t+=q.a+r}return p} +function Ioc(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o;k=new s7c;switch(a.a.g){case 3:m=BD(vNb(b.e,(wtc(),rtc)),15);n=BD(vNb(b.j,rtc),15);o=BD(vNb(b.f,rtc),15);c=BD(vNb(b.e,ptc),15);d=BD(vNb(b.j,ptc),15);e=BD(vNb(b.f,ptc),15);g=new Rkb;Gkb(g,m);n.Jc(new Loc);Gkb(g,JD(n,152)?km(BD(n,152)):JD(n,131)?BD(n,131).a:JD(n,54)?new ov(n):new dv(n));Gkb(g,o);f=new Rkb;Gkb(f,c);Gkb(f,JD(d,152)?km(BD(d,152)):JD(d,131)?BD(d,131).a:JD(d,54)?new ov(d):new dv(d));Gkb(f,e);yNb(b.f,rtc,g);yNb(b.f,ptc,f);yNb(b.f,stc,b.f);yNb(b.e,rtc,null);yNb(b.e,ptc,null);yNb(b.j,rtc,null);yNb(b.j,ptc,null);break;case 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c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t;c=new mYb(b);c.a||$Xb(b);j=ZXb(b);i=new Hp;q=new AYb;for(p=new olb(b.a);p.a0||c.o==dMc&&e0){l=BD(Ikb(m.c.a,g-1),10);B=jBc(a.b,m,l);q=m.n.b-m.d.d-(l.n.b+l.o.b+l.d.a+B)}else{q=m.n.b-m.d.d}j=$wnd.Math.min(q,j);if(gg?Anc(a,b,c):Anc(a,c,b);return eg?1:0}}d=BD(vNb(b,(wtc(),Zsc)),19).a;f=BD(vNb(c,Zsc),19).a;d>f?Anc(a,b,c):Anc(a,c,b);return df?1:0} +function u2c(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s;if(Ccb(DD(hkd(b,(Y9c(),d9c))))){return mmb(),mmb(),jmb}j=(!b.a&&(b.a=new cUd(E2,b,10,11)),b.a).i!=0;l=s2c(b);k=!l.dc();if(j||k){e=BD(hkd(b,F9c),149);if(!e){throw vbb(new y2c('Resolved algorithm is not set; apply a LayoutAlgorithmResolver before computing layout.'))}s=D3c(e,(Csd(),ysd));q2c(b);if(!j&&k&&!s){return mmb(),mmb(),jmb}i=new Rkb;if(PD(hkd(b,J8c))===PD((hbd(),ebd))&&(D3c(e,vsd)||D3c(e,usd))){n=p2c(a,b);o=new Psb;ye(o,(!b.a&&(b.a=new 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olb(a.a.b);h.a0){d=l.gc();j=QD($wnd.Math.floor((d+1)/2))-1;e=QD($wnd.Math.ceil((d+1)/2))-1;if(b.o==dMc){for(k=e;k>=j;k--){if(b.a[u.p]==u){p=BD(l.Xb(k),46);o=BD(p.a,10);if(!Rqb(c,p.b)&&n>a.b.e[o.p]){b.a[o.p]=u;b.g[u.p]=b.g[o.p];b.a[u.p]=b.g[u.p];b.f[b.g[u.p].p]=(Bcb(),Ccb(b.f[b.g[u.p].p])&u.k==(j0b(),g0b)?true:false);n=a.b.e[o.p]}}}}else{for(k=j;k<=e;k++){if(b.a[u.p]==u){r=BD(l.Xb(k),46);q=BD(r.a,10);if(!Rqb(c,r.b)&&n=o){if(s>o){n.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);o=s}n.c[n.c.length]=g}}if(n.c.length!=0){m=BD(Ikb(n,Bub(b,n.c.length)),128);F.a.Bc(m)!=null;m.s=p++;AQc(m,C,w);n.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1)}}u=a.c.length+1;for(h=new olb(a);h.aD.s){uib(c);Lkb(D.i,d);if(d.c>0){d.a=D;Ekb(D.t,d);d.b=A;Ekb(A.i,d)}}}}} +function qde(a){var b,c,d,e,f;b=a.c;switch(b){case 11:return a.Ml();case 12:return a.Ol();case 14:return a.Ql();case 15:return a.Tl();case 16:return a.Rl();case 17:return a.Ul();case 21:nde(a);return wfe(),wfe(),ffe;case 10:switch(a.a){case 65:return a.yl();case 90:return a.Dl();case 122:return a.Kl();case 98:return a.El();case 66:return a.zl();case 60:return a.Jl();case 62:return a.Hl();}}f=pde(a);b=a.c;switch(b){case 3:return a.Zl(f);case 4:return a.Xl(f);case 5:return a.Yl(f);case 0:if(a.a==123&&a.d=48&&b<=57){d=b-48;while(e=48&&b<=57){d=d*10+b-48;if(d<0)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),bve))))}}else{throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),Zue))))}c=d;if(b==44){if(e>=a.j){throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),_ue))))}else if((b=bfb(a.i,e++))>=48&&b<=57){c=b-48;while(e=48&&b<=57){c=c*10+b-48;if(c<0)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),bve))))}if(d>c)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),ave))))}else{c=-1}}if(b!=125)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),$ue))));if(a.sl(e)){f=(wfe(),wfe(),++vfe,new lge(9,f));a.d=e+1}else{f=(wfe(),wfe(),++vfe,new lge(3,f));a.d=e}f.dm(d);f.cm(c);nde(a)}}return f} +function $bc(a,b,c,d,e){var f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B,C,D,F;p=new Skb(b.b);u=new Skb(b.b);m=new Skb(b.b);B=new Skb(b.b);q=new Skb(b.b);for(A=Jsb(b,0);A.b!=A.d.c;){v=BD(Xsb(A),11);for(h=new 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3:return '0.000';case 4:return '0.0000';case 5:return '0.00000';case 6:return '0.000000';default:w=new Ufb;b<0?(w.a+='0E+',w):(w.a+='0E',w);w.a+=-b;return w.a;}}t=o*10+1+7;u=KC(TD,$ie,25,t+1,15,1);c=t;if(o==1){h=e[0];if(h<0){H=xbb(h,Yje);do{p=H;H=Abb(H,10);u[--c]=48+Tbb(Qbb(p,Ibb(H,10)))&aje}while(ybb(H,0)!=0)}else{H=h;do{p=H;H=H/10|0;u[--c]=48+(p-H*10)&aje}while(H!=0)}}else{D=KC(WD,oje,25,o,15,1);G=o;$fb(e,0,D,0,G);I:while(true){A=0;for(j=G-1;j>=0;j--){F=wbb(Nbb(A,32),xbb(D[j],Yje));r=qhb(F);D[j]=Tbb(r);A=Tbb(Obb(r,32))}s=Tbb(A);q=c;do{u[--c]=48+s%10&aje}while((s=s/10|0)!=0&&c!=0);d=9-q+c;for(i=0;i0;i++){u[--c]=48}l=G-1;for(;D[l]==0;l--){if(l==0){break I}}G=l+1}while(u[c]==48){++c}}n=B<0;g=t-c-b-1;if(b==0){n&&(u[--c]=45);return zfb(u,c,t-c)}if(b>0&&g>=-6){if(g>=0){k=c+g;for(m=t-1;m>=k;m--){u[m+1]=u[m]}u[++k]=46;n&&(u[--c]=45);return zfb(u,c,t-c+1)}for(l=2;l<-g+1;l++){u[--c]=48}u[--c]=46;u[--c]=48;n&&(u[--c]=45);return zfb(u,c,t-c)}C=c+1;f=t;v=new Vfb;n&&(v.a+='-',v);if(f-C>=1){Kfb(v,u[c]);v.a+='.';v.a+=zfb(u,c+1,t-c-1)}else{v.a+=zfb(u,c,t-c)}v.a+='E';g>0&&(v.a+='+',v);v.a+=''+g;return v.a} +function z$c(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w;a.c=b;a.g=new Lqb;c=(Pgd(),new bhd(a.c));d=new YGb(c);UGb(d);t=GD(hkd(a.c,(d0c(),Y_c)));i=BD(hkd(a.c,$_c),316);v=BD(hkd(a.c,__c),429);g=BD(hkd(a.c,T_c),482);u=BD(hkd(a.c,Z_c),430);a.j=Edb(ED(hkd(a.c,a0c)));h=a.a;switch(i.g){case 0:h=a.a;break;case 1:h=a.b;break;case 2:h=a.i;break;case 3:h=a.e;break;case 4:h=a.f;break;default:throw vbb(new Wdb(Mre+(i.f!=null?i.f:''+i.g)));}a.d=new g_c(h,v,g);yNb(a.d,(XNb(),VNb),DD(hkd(a.c,V_c)));a.d.c=Ccb(DD(hkd(a.c,U_c)));if(Vod(a.c).i==0){return a.d}for(l=new Fyd(Vod(a.c));l.e!=l.i.gc();){k=BD(Dyd(l),33);n=k.g/2;m=k.f/2;w=new f7c(k.i+n,k.j+m);while(Mhb(a.g,w)){O6c(w,($wnd.Math.random()-0.5)*qme,($wnd.Math.random()-0.5)*qme)}p=BD(hkd(k,(Y9c(),S8c)),142);q=new aOb(w,new J6c(w.a-n-a.j/2-p.b,w.b-m-a.j/2-p.d,k.g+a.j+(p.b+p.c),k.f+a.j+(p.d+p.a)));Ekb(a.d.i,q);Rhb(a.g,w,new vgd(q,k))}switch(u.g){case 0:if(t==null){a.d.d=BD(Ikb(a.d.i,0),65)}else{for(s=new olb(a.d.i);s.a1&&(Gsb(k,r,k.c.b,k.c),true);Zsb(e)}}}r=s}}return k} +function $Bc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B,C,D,F,G,H,I,J,K,L;Odd(c,'Greedy cycle removal',1);t=b.a;L=t.c.length;a.a=KC(WD,oje,25,L,15,1);a.c=KC(WD,oje,25,L,15,1);a.b=KC(WD,oje,25,L,15,1);j=0;for(r=new olb(t);r.a0?G+1:1}for(g=new olb(w.g);g.a0?G+1:1}}a.c[j]==0?Dsb(a.e,p):a.a[j]==0&&Dsb(a.f,p);++j}o=-1;n=1;l=new Rkb;a.d=BD(vNb(b,(wtc(),jtc)),230);while(L>0){while(a.e.b!=0){I=BD(Lsb(a.e),10);a.b[I.p]=o--;_Bc(a,I);--L}while(a.f.b!=0){J=BD(Lsb(a.f),10);a.b[J.p]=n++;_Bc(a,J);--L}if(L>0){m=Rie;for(s=new olb(t);s.a=m){if(u>m){l.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);m=u}l.c[l.c.length]=p}}}k=a.Zf(l);a.b[k.p]=n++;_Bc(a,k);--L}}H=t.c.length+1;for(j=0;ja.b[K]){PZb(d,true);yNb(b,Asc,(Bcb(),true))}}}}a.a=null;a.c=null;a.b=null;Osb(a.f);Osb(a.e);Qdd(c)} +function sQb(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r;d=new Rkb;h=new Rkb;q=b/2;n=a.gc();e=BD(a.Xb(0),8);r=BD(a.Xb(1),8);o=tQb(e.a,e.b,r.a,r.b,q);Ekb(d,(tCb(0,o.c.length),BD(o.c[0],8)));Ekb(h,(tCb(1,o.c.length),BD(o.c[1],8)));for(j=2;j=0;i--){Dsb(c,(tCb(i,g.c.length),BD(g.c[i],8)))}return c} +function aFd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n;g=true;l=null;d=null;e=null;b=false;n=BEd;j=null;f=null;h=0;i=UEd(a,h,zEd,AEd);if(i=0&&dfb(a.substr(h,'//'.length),'//')){h+=2;i=UEd(a,h,CEd,DEd);d=a.substr(h,i-h);h=i}else if(l!=null&&(h==a.length||(BCb(h,a.length),a.charCodeAt(h)!=47))){g=false;i=ifb(a,wfb(35),h);i==-1&&(i=a.length);d=a.substr(h,i-h);h=i}if(!c&&h0&&bfb(k,k.length-1)==58){e=k;h=i}}if(h=a.j){a.a=-1;a.c=1;return}b=bfb(a.i,a.d++);a.a=b;if(a.b==1){switch(b){case 92:d=10;if(a.d>=a.j)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),uue))));a.a=bfb(a.i,a.d++);break;case 45:if((a.e&512)==512&&a.d=a.j)break;if(bfb(a.i,a.d)!=63)break;if(++a.d>=a.j)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),vue))));b=bfb(a.i,a.d++);switch(b){case 58:d=13;break;case 61:d=14;break;case 33:d=15;break;case 91:d=19;break;case 62:d=18;break;case 60:if(a.d>=a.j)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),vue))));b=bfb(a.i,a.d++);if(b==61){d=16}else if(b==33){d=17}else throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),wue))));break;case 35:while(a.d=a.j)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),uue))));a.a=bfb(a.i,a.d++);break;default:d=0;}a.c=d} +function P5b(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B,C,D,F,G;A=BD(vNb(a,(Nyc(),Vxc)),98);if(!(A!=(dcd(),bcd)&&A!=ccd)){return}o=a.b;n=o.c.length;k=new Skb((Xj(n+2,Mie),Oy(wbb(wbb(5,n+2),(n+2)/10|0))));p=new Skb((Xj(n+2,Mie),Oy(wbb(wbb(5,n+2),(n+2)/10|0))));Ekb(k,new Lqb);Ekb(k,new Lqb);Ekb(p,new Rkb);Ekb(p,new Rkb);w=new Rkb;for(b=0;b=v||!wCc(r,d))&&(d=yCc(b,k));$_b(r,d);for(f=new Sr(ur(R_b(r).a.Kc(),new Sq));Qr(f);){e=BD(Rr(f),17);if(a.a[e.p]){continue}p=e.c.i;--a.e[p.p];a.e[p.p]==0&&(zCb(cub(n,p)),true)}}for(j=k.c.length-1;j>=0;--j){Ekb(b.b,(tCb(j,k.c.length),BD(k.c[j],29)))}b.a.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);Qdd(c)} +function gee(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j;a.b=1;nde(a);b=null;if(a.c==0&&a.a==94){nde(a);b=(wfe(),wfe(),++vfe,new $fe(4));Ufe(b,0,lxe);h=(null,++vfe,new $fe(4))}else{h=(wfe(),wfe(),++vfe,new $fe(4))}e=true;while((j=a.c)!=1){if(j==0&&a.a==93&&!e){if(b){Zfe(b,h);h=b}break}c=a.a;d=false;if(j==10){switch(c){case 100:case 68:case 119:case 87:case 115:case 83:Xfe(h,fee(c));d=true;break;case 105:case 73:case 99:case 67:c=(Xfe(h,fee(c)),-1);c<0&&(d=true);break;case 112:case 80:i=tde(a,c);if(!i)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),Iue))));Xfe(h,i);d=true;break;default:c=eee(a);}}else if(j==24&&!e){if(b){Zfe(b,h);h=b}f=gee(a);Zfe(h,f);if(a.c!=0||a.a!=93)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),Mue))));break}nde(a);if(!d){if(j==0){if(c==91)throw vbb(new mde(tvd((h0d(),Nue))));if(c==93)throw 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xZd(a){Bnd(a.c,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal']));Bnd(a.d,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer']));Bnd(a.e,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean']));Bnd(a.f,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EBoolean',fue,'EBoolean:Object']));Bnd(a.i,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#byte']));Bnd(a.g,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#hexBinary']));Bnd(a.j,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EByte',fue,'EByte:Object']));Bnd(a.n,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EChar',fue,'EChar:Object']));Bnd(a.t,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double']));Bnd(a.u,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EDouble',fue,'EDouble:Object']));Bnd(a.F,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float']));Bnd(a.G,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EFloat',fue,'EFloat:Object']));Bnd(a.I,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int']));Bnd(a.J,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EInt',fue,'EInt:Object']));Bnd(a.N,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long']));Bnd(a.O,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'ELong',fue,'ELong:Object']));Bnd(a.Z,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#short']));Bnd(a.$,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'EShort',fue,'EShort:Object']));Bnd(a._,Rve,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[cwe,'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string']))} +function fRc(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B,C,D,F,G;if(a.c.length==1){return tCb(0,a.c.length),BD(a.c[0],135)}else if(a.c.length<=0){return new SRc}for(i=new olb(a);i.al){F=0;G+=k+A;k=0}eRc(v,g,F,G);b=$wnd.Math.max(b,F+w.a);k=$wnd.Math.max(k,w.b);F+=w.a+A}u=new Lqb;c=new Lqb;for(C=new olb(a);C.aSLc(f))&&(l=f)}}!l&&(l=(tCb(0,q.c.length),BD(q.c[0],180)));for(p=new olb(b.b);p.a=-1900?1:0;c>=4?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[pje,qje])[h]):Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['BC','AD'])[h]);break;case 121:kA(a,c,d);break;case 77:jA(a,c,d);break;case 107:i=e.q.getHours();i==0?EA(a,24,c):EA(a,i,c);break;case 83:iA(a,c,e);break;case 69:k=d.q.getDay();c==5?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['S','M','T','W','T','F','S'])[k]):c==4?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[rje,sje,tje,uje,vje,wje,xje])[k]):Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat'])[k]);break;case 97:e.q.getHours()>=12&&e.q.getHours()<24?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['AM','PM'])[1]):Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['AM','PM'])[0]);break;case 104:l=e.q.getHours()%12;l==0?EA(a,12,c):EA(a,l,c);break;case 75:m=e.q.getHours()%12;EA(a,m,c);break;case 72:n=e.q.getHours();EA(a,n,c);break;case 99:o=d.q.getDay();c==5?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['S','M','T','W','T','F','S'])[o]):c==4?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[rje,sje,tje,uje,vje,wje,xje])[o]):c==3?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat'])[o]):EA(a,o,1);break;case 76:p=d.q.getMonth();c==5?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['J','F','M','A','M','J','J','A','S','O','N','D'])[p]):c==4?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,[bje,cje,dje,eje,fje,gje,hje,ije,jje,kje,lje,mje])[p]):c==3?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr',fje,'Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec'])[p]):EA(a,p+1,c);break;case 81:q=d.q.getMonth()/3|0;c<4?Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['Q1','Q2','Q3','Q4'])[q]):Qfb(a,OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['1st quarter','2nd quarter','3rd quarter','4th quarter'])[q]);break;case 100:r=d.q.getDate();EA(a,r,c);break;case 109:j=e.q.getMinutes();EA(a,j,c);break;case 115:g=e.q.getSeconds();EA(a,g,c);break;case 122:c<4?Qfb(a,f.c[0]):Qfb(a,f.c[1]);break;case 118:Qfb(a,f.b);break;case 90:c<3?Qfb(a,OA(f)):c==3?Qfb(a,NA(f)):Qfb(a,QA(f.a));break;default:return false;}return true} +function X1b(a,b,c,d){var e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B,C,D,F,G,H;N1b(b);i=BD(qud((!b.b&&(b.b=new y5d(z2,b,4,7)),b.b),0),82);k=BD(qud((!b.c&&(b.c=new y5d(z2,b,5,8)),b.c),0),82);h=atd(i);j=atd(k);g=(!b.a&&(b.a=new cUd(A2,b,6,6)),b.a).i==0?null:BD(qud((!b.a&&(b.a=new cUd(A2,b,6,6)),b.a),0),202);A=BD(Ohb(a.a,h),10);F=BD(Ohb(a.a,j),10);B=null;G=null;if(JD(i,186)){w=BD(Ohb(a.a,i),299);if(JD(w,11)){B=BD(w,11)}else if(JD(w,10)){A=BD(w,10);B=BD(Ikb(A.j,0),11)}}if(JD(k,186)){D=BD(Ohb(a.a,k),299);if(JD(D,11)){G=BD(D,11)}else if(JD(D,10)){F=BD(D,10);G=BD(Ikb(F.j,0),11)}}if(!A||!F){throw vbb(new z2c('The source or the target of edge '+b+' could not be found. '+'This usually happens when an edge connects a node laid out by ELK Layered to a node in '+'another level of hierarchy laid out by either another instance of ELK Layered or another '+'layout algorithm alltogether. The former can be solved by setting the hierarchyHandling '+'option to INCLUDE_CHILDREN.'))}p=new UZb;tNb(p,b);yNb(p,(wtc(),$sc),b);yNb(p,(Nyc(),jxc),null);n=BD(vNb(d,Ksc),21);A==F&&n.Fc((Orc(),Nrc));if(!B){v=(KAc(),IAc);C=null;if(!!g&&fcd(BD(vNb(A,Vxc),98))){C=new f7c(g.j,g.k);Bfd(C,Mld(b));Cfd(C,c);if(ntd(j,h)){v=HAc;P6c(C,A.n)}}B=$$b(A,C,v,d)}if(!G){v=(KAc(),HAc);H=null;if(!!g&&fcd(BD(vNb(F,Vxc),98))){H=new f7c(g.b,g.c);Bfd(H,Mld(b));Cfd(H,c)}G=$$b(F,H,v,Q_b(F))}QZb(p,B);RZb(p,G);(B.e.c.length>1||B.g.c.length>1||G.e.c.length>1||G.g.c.length>1)&&n.Fc((Orc(),Irc));for(m=new Fyd((!b.n&&(b.n=new cUd(D2,b,1,7)),b.n));m.e!=m.i.gc();){l=BD(Dyd(m),137);if(!Ccb(DD(hkd(l,Jxc)))&&!!l.a){q=Z1b(l);Ekb(p.b,q);switch(BD(vNb(q,Qwc),272).g){case 1:case 2:n.Fc((Orc(),Grc));break;case 0:n.Fc((Orc(),Erc));yNb(q,Qwc,(qad(),nad));}}}f=BD(vNb(d,Iwc),314);r=BD(vNb(d,Exc),315);e=f==(Rpc(),Opc)||r==(Vzc(),Rzc);if(!!g&&(!g.a&&(g.a=new xMd(y2,g,5)),g.a).i!=0&&e){s=ofd(g);o=new s7c;for(u=Jsb(s,0);u.b!=u.d.c;){t=BD(Xsb(u),8);Dsb(o,new g7c(t))}yNb(p,_sc,o)}return p} +function yZd(a){if(a.gb)return;a.gb=true;a.b=Lnd(a,0);Knd(a.b,18);Qnd(a.b,19);a.a=Lnd(a,1);Knd(a.a,1);Qnd(a.a,2);Qnd(a.a,3);Qnd(a.a,4);Qnd(a.a,5);a.o=Lnd(a,2);Knd(a.o,8);Knd(a.o,9);Qnd(a.o,10);Qnd(a.o,11);Qnd(a.o,12);Qnd(a.o,13);Qnd(a.o,14);Qnd(a.o,15);Qnd(a.o,16);Qnd(a.o,17);Qnd(a.o,18);Qnd(a.o,19);Qnd(a.o,20);Qnd(a.o,21);Qnd(a.o,22);Qnd(a.o,23);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);Pnd(a.o);a.p=Lnd(a,3);Knd(a.p,2);Knd(a.p,3);Knd(a.p,4);Knd(a.p,5);Qnd(a.p,6);Qnd(a.p,7);Pnd(a.p);Pnd(a.p);a.q=Lnd(a,4);Knd(a.q,8);a.v=Lnd(a,5);Qnd(a.v,9);Pnd(a.v);Pnd(a.v);Pnd(a.v);a.w=Lnd(a,6);Knd(a.w,2);Knd(a.w,3);Knd(a.w,4);Qnd(a.w,5);a.B=Lnd(a,7);Qnd(a.B,1);Pnd(a.B);Pnd(a.B);Pnd(a.B);a.Q=Lnd(a,8);Qnd(a.Q,0);Pnd(a.Q);a.R=Lnd(a,9);Knd(a.R,1);a.S=Lnd(a,10);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);Pnd(a.S);a.T=Lnd(a,11);Qnd(a.T,10);Qnd(a.T,11);Qnd(a.T,12);Qnd(a.T,13);Qnd(a.T,14);Pnd(a.T);Pnd(a.T);a.U=Lnd(a,12);Knd(a.U,2);Knd(a.U,3);Qnd(a.U,4);Qnd(a.U,5);Qnd(a.U,6);Qnd(a.U,7);Pnd(a.U);a.V=Lnd(a,13);Qnd(a.V,10);a.W=Lnd(a,14);Knd(a.W,18);Knd(a.W,19);Knd(a.W,20);Qnd(a.W,21);Qnd(a.W,22);Qnd(a.W,23);a.bb=Lnd(a,15);Knd(a.bb,10);Knd(a.bb,11);Knd(a.bb,12);Knd(a.bb,13);Knd(a.bb,14);Knd(a.bb,15);Knd(a.bb,16);Qnd(a.bb,17);Pnd(a.bb);Pnd(a.bb);a.eb=Lnd(a,16);Knd(a.eb,2);Knd(a.eb,3);Knd(a.eb,4);Knd(a.eb,5);Knd(a.eb,6);Knd(a.eb,7);Qnd(a.eb,8);Qnd(a.eb,9);a.ab=Lnd(a,17);Knd(a.ab,0);Knd(a.ab,1);a.H=Lnd(a,18);Qnd(a.H,0);Qnd(a.H,1);Qnd(a.H,2);Qnd(a.H,3);Qnd(a.H,4);Qnd(a.H,5);Pnd(a.H);a.db=Lnd(a,19);Qnd(a.db,2);a.c=Mnd(a,20);a.d=Mnd(a,21);a.e=Mnd(a,22);a.f=Mnd(a,23);a.i=Mnd(a,24);a.g=Mnd(a,25);a.j=Mnd(a,26);a.k=Mnd(a,27);a.n=Mnd(a,28);a.r=Mnd(a,29);a.s=Mnd(a,30);a.t=Mnd(a,31);a.u=Mnd(a,32);a.fb=Mnd(a,33);a.A=Mnd(a,34);a.C=Mnd(a,35);a.D=Mnd(a,36);a.F=Mnd(a,37);a.G=Mnd(a,38);a.I=Mnd(a,39);a.J=Mnd(a,40);a.L=Mnd(a,41);a.M=Mnd(a,42);a.N=Mnd(a,43);a.O=Mnd(a,44);a.P=Mnd(a,45);a.X=Mnd(a,46);a.Y=Mnd(a,47);a.Z=Mnd(a,48);a.$=Mnd(a,49);a._=Mnd(a,50);a.cb=Mnd(a,51);a.K=Mnd(a,52)} +function Y9c(){Y9c=ccb;var a,b;o8c=new Lsd(sse);F9c=new Lsd(tse);q8c=(F7c(),z7c);p8c=new Nsd($pe,q8c);new Tfd;r8c=new Nsd(_le,null);s8c=new Lsd(use);x8c=(i8c(),qqb(h8c,OC(GC(r1,1),Kie,291,0,[d8c])));w8c=new Nsd(lqe,x8c);y8c=new Nsd(Zpe,(Bcb(),false));A8c=(ead(),cad);z8c=new Nsd(cqe,A8c);F8c=(Aad(),zad);E8c=new Nsd(ype,F8c);I8c=new Nsd(Jre,false);K8c=(hbd(),fbd);J8c=new Nsd(tpe,K8c);g9c=new q0b(12);f9c=new Nsd(ame,g9c);O8c=new Nsd(Ame,false);P8c=new Nsd(xqe,false);e9c=new Nsd(Dme,false);u9c=(dcd(),ccd);t9c=new Nsd(Bme,u9c);C9c=new Lsd(uqe);D9c=new Lsd(vme);E9c=new Lsd(yme);H9c=new Lsd(zme);R8c=new s7c;Q8c=new Nsd(mqe,R8c);v8c=new Nsd(pqe,false);L8c=new Nsd(qqe,false);new Lsd(vse);T8c=new H_b;S8c=new Nsd(vqe,T8c);d9c=new Nsd(Xpe,false);new Tfd;G9c=new Nsd(wse,1);new Nsd(xse,true);meb(0);new Nsd(yse,meb(100));new Nsd(zse,false);meb(0);new Nsd(Ase,meb(4000));meb(0);new Nsd(Bse,meb(400));new Nsd(Cse,false);new Nsd(Dse,false);new Nsd(Ese,true);new Nsd(Fse,false);u8c=(Ded(),Ced);t8c=new Nsd(rse,u8c);I9c=new Nsd(Lpe,10);J9c=new Nsd(Mpe,10);K9c=new Nsd(Zle,20);L9c=new Nsd(Npe,10);M9c=new Nsd(xme,2);N9c=new Nsd(Ope,10);P9c=new Nsd(Ppe,0);Q9c=new Nsd(Spe,5);R9c=new Nsd(Qpe,1);S9c=new Nsd(Rpe,1);T9c=new Nsd(wme,20);U9c=new Nsd(Tpe,10);X9c=new Nsd(Upe,10);O9c=new Lsd(Vpe);W9c=new I_b;V9c=new Nsd(wqe,W9c);j9c=new Lsd(tqe);i9c=false;h9c=new Nsd(sqe,i9c);V8c=new q0b(5);U8c=new Nsd(dqe,V8c);X8c=(Hbd(),b=BD(gdb(B1),9),new xqb(b,BD(_Bb(b,b.length),9),0));W8c=new Nsd(Gme,X8c);m9c=(Tbd(),Qbd);l9c=new Nsd(gqe,m9c);o9c=new Lsd(hqe);p9c=new Lsd(iqe);q9c=new Lsd(jqe);n9c=new Lsd(kqe);Z8c=(a=BD(gdb(I1),9),new xqb(a,BD(_Bb(a,a.length),9),0));Y8c=new Nsd(Fme,Z8c);c9c=pqb((Idd(),Bdd));b9c=new Nsd(Eme,c9c);a9c=new f7c(0,0);_8c=new Nsd(Tme,a9c);$8c=new Nsd(bqe,false);D8c=(qad(),nad);C8c=new Nsd(nqe,D8c);B8c=new Nsd(Cme,false);new Lsd(Gse);meb(1);new Nsd(Hse,null);r9c=new Lsd(rqe);v9c=new Lsd(oqe);B9c=(Ucd(),Scd);A9c=new Nsd(Ype,B9c);s9c=new Lsd(Wpe);y9c=(rcd(),pqb(pcd));x9c=new Nsd(Hme,y9c);w9c=new Nsd(eqe,false);z9c=new Nsd(fqe,true);M8c=new Nsd(_pe,false);N8c=new Nsd(aqe,false);G8c=new Nsd($le,1);H8c=(Mad(),Kad);new Nsd(Ise,H8c);k9c=true} +function wtc(){wtc=ccb;var a,b;$sc=new Lsd(Ime);xsc=new Lsd('coordinateOrigin');itc=new Lsd('processors');wsc=new Msd('compoundNode',(Bcb(),false));Nsc=new Msd('insideConnections',false);_sc=new Lsd('originalBendpoints');atc=new Lsd('originalDummyNodePosition');btc=new Lsd('originalLabelEdge');ktc=new Lsd('representedLabels');Csc=new Lsd('endLabels');Dsc=new Lsd('endLabel.origin');Ssc=new Msd('labelSide',(rbd(),qbd));Ysc=new Msd('maxEdgeThickness',0);ltc=new Msd('reversed',false);jtc=new Lsd(Jme);Vsc=new Msd('longEdgeSource',null);Wsc=new Msd('longEdgeTarget',null);Usc=new Msd('longEdgeHasLabelDummies',false);Tsc=new Msd('longEdgeBeforeLabelDummy',false);Bsc=new Msd('edgeConstraint',(Gqc(),Eqc));Psc=new Lsd('inLayerLayoutUnit');Osc=new Msd('inLayerConstraint',(esc(),csc));Qsc=new Msd('inLayerSuccessorConstraint',new Rkb);Rsc=new Msd('inLayerSuccessorConstraintBetweenNonDummies',false);gtc=new Lsd('portDummy');ysc=new Msd('crossingHint',meb(0));Ksc=new Msd('graphProperties',(b=BD(gdb(PW),9),new xqb(b,BD(_Bb(b,b.length),9),0)));Hsc=new Msd('externalPortSide',(Ucd(),Scd));Isc=new Msd('externalPortSize',new d7c);Fsc=new Lsd('externalPortReplacedDummies');Gsc=new Lsd('externalPortReplacedDummy');Esc=new Msd('externalPortConnections',(a=BD(gdb(F1),9),new xqb(a,BD(_Bb(a,a.length),9),0)));htc=new Msd(tle,0);ssc=new Lsd('barycenterAssociates');vtc=new Lsd('TopSideComments');tsc=new Lsd('BottomSideComments');vsc=new Lsd('CommentConnectionPort');Msc=new Msd('inputCollect',false);etc=new Msd('outputCollect',false);Asc=new Msd('cyclic',false);zsc=new Lsd('crossHierarchyMap');utc=new Lsd('targetOffset');new Msd('splineLabelSize',new d7c);otc=new Lsd('spacings');ftc=new Msd('partitionConstraint',false);usc=new Lsd('breakingPoint.info');stc=new Lsd('splines.survivingEdge');rtc=new Lsd('splines.route.start');ptc=new Lsd('splines.edgeChain');dtc=new Lsd('originalPortConstraints');ntc=new Lsd('selfLoopHolder');qtc=new Lsd('splines.nsPortY');Zsc=new Lsd('modelOrder');Xsc=new Lsd('longEdgeTargetNode');Jsc=new Msd(Xne,false);mtc=new Msd(Xne,false);Lsc=new Lsd('layerConstraints.hiddenNodes');ctc=new Lsd('layerConstraints.opposidePort');ttc=new Lsd('targetNode.modelOrder')} +function jwc(){jwc=ccb;puc=(xqc(),vqc);ouc=new Nsd(Yne,puc);Guc=new Nsd(Zne,(Bcb(),false));Muc=(msc(),ksc);Luc=new Nsd($ne,Muc);cvc=new Nsd(_ne,false);dvc=new Nsd(aoe,true);Itc=new Nsd(boe,false);xvc=(BAc(),zAc);wvc=new Nsd(coe,xvc);meb(1);Fvc=new Nsd(doe,meb(7));Gvc=new Nsd(eoe,false);Huc=new Nsd(foe,false);nuc=(mqc(),iqc);muc=new Nsd(goe,nuc);bvc=(lzc(),jzc);avc=new Nsd(hoe,bvc);Tuc=(Ctc(),Btc);Suc=new Nsd(ioe,Tuc);meb(-1);Ruc=new Nsd(joe,meb(-1));meb(-1);Uuc=new Nsd(koe,meb(-1));meb(-1);Vuc=new Nsd(loe,meb(4));meb(-1);Xuc=new Nsd(moe,meb(2));_uc=(kAc(),iAc);$uc=new Nsd(noe,_uc);meb(0);Zuc=new Nsd(ooe,meb(0));Puc=new Nsd(poe,meb(Ohe));luc=(Rpc(),Ppc);kuc=new Nsd(qoe,luc);Xtc=new Nsd(roe,false);euc=new Nsd(soe,0.1);iuc=new Nsd(toe,false);meb(-1);guc=new Nsd(uoe,meb(-1));meb(-1);huc=new Nsd(voe,meb(-1));meb(0);Ytc=new Nsd(woe,meb(40));cuc=(Xrc(),Wrc);buc=new Nsd(xoe,cuc);$tc=Urc;Ztc=new Nsd(yoe,$tc);vvc=(Vzc(),Qzc);uvc=new Nsd(zoe,vvc);kvc=new Lsd(Aoe);fvc=(_qc(),Zqc);evc=new Nsd(Boe,fvc);ivc=(lrc(),irc);hvc=new Nsd(Coe,ivc);new Tfd;nvc=new Nsd(Doe,0.3);pvc=new Lsd(Eoe);rvc=(Izc(),Gzc);qvc=new Nsd(Foe,rvc);xuc=(TAc(),RAc);wuc=new Nsd(Goe,xuc);zuc=(_Ac(),$Ac);yuc=new Nsd(Hoe,zuc);Buc=(tBc(),sBc);Auc=new Nsd(Ioe,Buc);Duc=new Nsd(Joe,0.2);uuc=new Nsd(Koe,2);Bvc=new Nsd(Loe,null);Dvc=new Nsd(Moe,10);Cvc=new Nsd(Noe,10);Evc=new Nsd(Ooe,20);meb(0);yvc=new Nsd(Poe,meb(0));meb(0);zvc=new Nsd(Qoe,meb(0));meb(0);Avc=new Nsd(Roe,meb(0));Jtc=new Nsd(Soe,false);Ntc=(yrc(),wrc);Mtc=new Nsd(Toe,Ntc);Ltc=(Ipc(),Hpc);Ktc=new Nsd(Uoe,Ltc);Juc=new Nsd(Voe,false);meb(0);Iuc=new Nsd(Woe,meb(16));meb(0);Kuc=new Nsd(Xoe,meb(5));bwc=(LBc(),JBc);awc=new Nsd(Yoe,bwc);Hvc=new Nsd(Zoe,10);Kvc=new Nsd($oe,1);Tvc=(bqc(),aqc);Svc=new Nsd(_oe,Tvc);Nvc=new Lsd(ape);Qvc=meb(1);meb(0);Pvc=new Nsd(bpe,Qvc);gwc=(CBc(),zBc);fwc=new Nsd(cpe,gwc);cwc=new Lsd(dpe);Yvc=new Nsd(epe,true);Wvc=new Nsd(fpe,2);$vc=new Nsd(gpe,true);tuc=(Sqc(),Qqc);suc=new Nsd(hpe,tuc);ruc=(Apc(),wpc);quc=new Nsd(ipe,ruc);Wtc=(tAc(),rAc);Vtc=new Nsd(jpe,Wtc);Utc=new Nsd(kpe,false);Ptc=(RXb(),QXb);Otc=new Nsd(lpe,Ptc);Ttc=(xzc(),uzc);Stc=new Nsd(mpe,Ttc);Qtc=new Nsd(npe,0);Rtc=new Nsd(ope,0);Ouc=kqc;Nuc=Opc;Wuc=izc;Yuc=izc;Quc=fzc;fuc=(hbd(),ebd);juc=Ppc;duc=Ppc;_tc=Ppc;auc=ebd;lvc=Tzc;mvc=Qzc;gvc=Qzc;jvc=Qzc;ovc=Szc;tvc=Tzc;svc=Tzc;Cuc=(Aad(),yad);Euc=yad;Fuc=sBc;vuc=xad;Ivc=KBc;Jvc=IBc;Lvc=KBc;Mvc=IBc;Uvc=KBc;Vvc=IBc;Ovc=_pc;Rvc=aqc;hwc=KBc;iwc=IBc;dwc=KBc;ewc=IBc;Zvc=IBc;Xvc=IBc;_vc=IBc} +function S8b(){S8b=ccb;Y7b=new T8b('DIRECTION_PREPROCESSOR',0);V7b=new T8b('COMMENT_PREPROCESSOR',1);Z7b=new T8b('EDGE_AND_LAYER_CONSTRAINT_EDGE_REVERSER',2);n8b=new T8b('INTERACTIVE_EXTERNAL_PORT_POSITIONER',3);G8b=new T8b('PARTITION_PREPROCESSOR',4);r8b=new T8b('LABEL_DUMMY_INSERTER',5);M8b=new T8b('SELF_LOOP_PREPROCESSOR',6);w8b=new T8b('LAYER_CONSTRAINT_PREPROCESSOR',7);E8b=new T8b('PARTITION_MIDPROCESSOR',8);i8b=new T8b('HIGH_DEGREE_NODE_LAYER_PROCESSOR',9);A8b=new T8b('NODE_PROMOTION',10);v8b=new T8b('LAYER_CONSTRAINT_POSTPROCESSOR',11);F8b=new T8b('PARTITION_POSTPROCESSOR',12);e8b=new T8b('HIERARCHICAL_PORT_CONSTRAINT_PROCESSOR',13);O8b=new T8b('SEMI_INTERACTIVE_CROSSMIN_PROCESSOR',14);P7b=new T8b('BREAKING_POINT_INSERTER',15);z8b=new T8b('LONG_EDGE_SPLITTER',16);I8b=new T8b('PORT_SIDE_PROCESSOR',17);o8b=new T8b('INVERTED_PORT_PROCESSOR',18);H8b=new T8b('PORT_LIST_SORTER',19);Q8b=new T8b('SORT_BY_INPUT_ORDER_OF_MODEL',20);C8b=new T8b('NORTH_SOUTH_PORT_PREPROCESSOR',21);Q7b=new T8b('BREAKING_POINT_PROCESSOR',22);D8b=new T8b(Bne,23);R8b=new T8b(Cne,24);K8b=new T8b('SELF_LOOP_PORT_RESTORER',25);P8b=new T8b('SINGLE_EDGE_GRAPH_WRAPPER',26);p8b=new T8b('IN_LAYER_CONSTRAINT_PROCESSOR',27);b8b=new T8b('END_NODE_PORT_LABEL_MANAGEMENT_PROCESSOR',28);q8b=new T8b('LABEL_AND_NODE_SIZE_PROCESSOR',29);m8b=new T8b('INNERMOST_NODE_MARGIN_CALCULATOR',30);N8b=new T8b('SELF_LOOP_ROUTER',31);T7b=new T8b('COMMENT_NODE_MARGIN_CALCULATOR',32);_7b=new T8b('END_LABEL_PREPROCESSOR',33);t8b=new T8b('LABEL_DUMMY_SWITCHER',34);S7b=new T8b('CENTER_LABEL_MANAGEMENT_PROCESSOR',35);u8b=new T8b('LABEL_SIDE_SELECTOR',36);k8b=new T8b('HYPEREDGE_DUMMY_MERGER',37);f8b=new T8b('HIERARCHICAL_PORT_DUMMY_SIZE_PROCESSOR',38);x8b=new T8b('LAYER_SIZE_AND_GRAPH_HEIGHT_CALCULATOR',39);h8b=new T8b('HIERARCHICAL_PORT_POSITION_PROCESSOR',40);W7b=new T8b('CONSTRAINTS_POSTPROCESSOR',41);U7b=new T8b('COMMENT_POSTPROCESSOR',42);l8b=new T8b('HYPERNODE_PROCESSOR',43);g8b=new T8b('HIERARCHICAL_PORT_ORTHOGONAL_EDGE_ROUTER',44);y8b=new T8b('LONG_EDGE_JOINER',45);L8b=new T8b('SELF_LOOP_POSTPROCESSOR',46);R7b=new T8b('BREAKING_POINT_REMOVER',47);B8b=new T8b('NORTH_SOUTH_PORT_POSTPROCESSOR',48);j8b=new T8b('HORIZONTAL_COMPACTOR',49);s8b=new T8b('LABEL_DUMMY_REMOVER',50);c8b=new T8b('FINAL_SPLINE_BENDPOINTS_CALCULATOR',51);a8b=new T8b('END_LABEL_SORTER',52);J8b=new T8b('REVERSED_EDGE_RESTORER',53);$7b=new T8b('END_LABEL_POSTPROCESSOR',54);d8b=new T8b('HIERARCHICAL_NODE_RESIZER',55);X7b=new T8b('DIRECTION_POSTPROCESSOR',56)} +function KIc(a,b,c){var d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,A,B,C,D,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,$,ab,bb,cb,db,eb,fb,gb,hb,ib,jb,kb,lb;cb=0;for(H=b,K=0,N=H.length;K0&&(a.a[U.p]=cb++)}}hb=0;for(I=c,L=0,O=I.length;L0){U=(sCb(Y.b>0),BD(Y.a.Xb(Y.c=--Y.b),11));X=0;for(h=new olb(U.e);h.a0){if(U.j==(Ucd(),Acd)){a.a[U.p]=hb;++hb}else{a.a[U.p]=hb+P+R;++R}}}hb+=R}W=new Lqb;o=new zsb;for(G=b,J=0,M=G.length;Jj.b&&(j.b=Z)}else if(U.i.c==bb){Zj.c&&(j.c=Z)}}}Klb(p,0,p.length,null);gb=KC(WD,oje,25,p.length,15,1);d=KC(WD,oje,25,hb+1,15,1);for(r=0;r0){A%2>0&&(e+=kb[A+1]);A=(A-1)/2|0;++kb[A]}}C=KC(nY,Uhe,362,p.length*2,0,1);for(u=0;u'?":dfb(wue,a)?"'(?<' or '(? toIndex: ',zke=', toIndex: ',Ake='Index: ',Bke=', Size: ',Cke='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common',Dke={62:1},Eke='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.compaction',Fke='Scanline/EventHandler',Gke='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.compaction.oned',Hke='CNode belongs to another CGroup.',Ike='ISpacingsHandler/1',Jke='The ',Kke=' instance has been finished already.',Lke='The direction ',Mke=' is not supported by the CGraph instance.',Nke='OneDimensionalCompactor',Oke='OneDimensionalCompactor/lambda$0$Type',Pke='Quadruplet',Qke='ScanlineConstraintCalculator',Rke='ScanlineConstraintCalculator/ConstraintsScanlineHandler',Ske='ScanlineConstraintCalculator/ConstraintsScanlineHandler/lambda$0$Type',Tke='ScanlineConstraintCalculator/Timestamp',Uke='ScanlineConstraintCalculator/lambda$0$Type',Vke={169:1,45:1},Wke='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.compaction.options',Xke='org.eclipse.elk.core.data',Yke='org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.traversalStrategy',Zke='org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.lowLevelSort',$ke='org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.highLevelSort',_ke='org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.fill',ale={130:1},ble='polyomino',cle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.networksimplex',dle={177:1,3:1,4:1},ele='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing',fle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing.cellsystem',gle='CENTER',hle={212:1,326:1},ile={3:1,4:1,5:1,595:1},jle='LEFT',kle='RIGHT',lle='Vertical alignment cannot be null',mle='BOTTOM',nle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing.internal',ole='UNDEFINED',ple=0.01,qle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing.internal.algorithm',rle='LabelPlacer/lambda$0$Type',sle='LabelPlacer/lambda$1$Type',tle='portRatioOrPosition',ule='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.overlaps',vle='DOWN',wle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.polyomino',xle='NORTH',yle='EAST',zle='SOUTH',Ale='WEST',Ble='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.polyomino.structures',Cle='Direction',Dle='Grid is only of size ',Ele='. Requested point (',Fle=') is out of bounds.',Gle=' Given center based coordinates were (',Hle='org.eclipse.elk.graph.properties',Ile='IPropertyHolder',Jle={3:1,94:1,134:1},Kle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.spore',Lle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.utils',Mle={209:1},Nle='org.eclipse.elk.core',Ole='Connected Components Compaction',Ple='org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco',Qle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco.graph',Rle='org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco.options',Sle='CompactionStrategy',Tle='org.eclipse.elk.disco.componentCompaction.strategy',Ule='org.eclipse.elk.disco.componentCompaction.componentLayoutAlgorithm',Vle='org.eclipse.elk.disco.debug.discoGraph',Wle='org.eclipse.elk.disco.debug.discoPolys',Xle='componentCompaction',Yle='org.eclipse.elk.disco',Zle='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.componentComponent',$le='org.eclipse.elk.edge.thickness',_le='org.eclipse.elk.aspectRatio',ame='org.eclipse.elk.padding',bme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco.transform',cme=1.5707963267948966,dme=1.7976931348623157E308,eme={3:1,4:1,5:1,192:1},fme={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,106:1,120:1},gme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.force',hme='ComponentsProcessor',ime='ComponentsProcessor/1',jme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.graph',kme='Component Layout',lme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.model',mme='org.eclipse.elk.force.model',nme='org.eclipse.elk.force.iterations',ome='org.eclipse.elk.force.repulsivePower',pme='org.eclipse.elk.force.temperature',qme=0.001,rme='org.eclipse.elk.force.repulsion',sme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.options',tme=1.600000023841858,ume='org.eclipse.elk.force',vme='org.eclipse.elk.priority',wme='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.nodeNode',xme='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.edgeLabel',yme='org.eclipse.elk.randomSeed',zme='org.eclipse.elk.separateConnectedComponents',Ame='org.eclipse.elk.interactive',Bme='org.eclipse.elk.portConstraints',Cme='org.eclipse.elk.edgeLabels.inline',Dme='org.eclipse.elk.omitNodeMicroLayout',Eme='org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.options',Fme='org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.constraints',Gme='org.eclipse.elk.nodeLabels.placement',Hme='org.eclipse.elk.portLabels.placement',Ime='origin',Jme='random',Kme='boundingBox.upLeft',Lme='boundingBox.lowRight',Mme='org.eclipse.elk.stress.fixed',Nme='org.eclipse.elk.stress.desiredEdgeLength',Ome='org.eclipse.elk.stress.dimension',Pme='org.eclipse.elk.stress.epsilon',Qme='org.eclipse.elk.stress.iterationLimit',Rme='org.eclipse.elk.stress',Sme='ELK Stress',Tme='org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.minimum',Ume='org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.stress',Vme='Layered layout',Wme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered',Xme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.components',Yme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.oned',Zme='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.oned.algs',$me='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.recthull',_me='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.components',ane='NONE',bne={3:1,6:1,4:1,9:1,5:1,122:1},cne={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,141:1,106:1,120:1},dne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compound',ene={51:1},fne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.graph',gne=' -> ',hne='Not supported by LGraph',ine='Port side is undefined',jne={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,474:1,141:1,106:1,120:1},kne={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,141:1,193:1,203:1,106:1,120:1},lne={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,141:1,1943:1,203:1,106:1,120:1},mne='([{"\' \t\r\n',nne=')]}"\' \t\r\n',one='The given string contains parts that cannot be parsed as numbers.',pne='org.eclipse.elk.core.math',qne={3:1,4:1,142:1,207:1,414:1},rne={3:1,4:1,116:1,207:1,414:1},sne='org.eclipse.elk.layered',tne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.graph.transform',une='ElkGraphImporter',vne='ElkGraphImporter/lambda$0$Type',wne='ElkGraphImporter/lambda$1$Type',xne='ElkGraphImporter/lambda$2$Type',yne='ElkGraphImporter/lambda$4$Type',zne='Node margin calculation',Ane='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate',Bne='ONE_SIDED_GREEDY_SWITCH',Cne='TWO_SIDED_GREEDY_SWITCH',Dne='No implementation is available for the layout processor ',Ene='IntermediateProcessorStrategy',Fne="Node '",Gne='FIRST_SEPARATE',Hne='LAST_SEPARATE',Ine='Odd port side processing',Jne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.compaction',Kne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.greedyswitch',Lne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p3order.counting',Mne={225:1},Nne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.loops',One='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.loops.ordering',Pne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.loops.routing',Qne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.preserveorder',Rne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.wrapping',Sne='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.options',Tne='INTERACTIVE',Une='DEPTH_FIRST',Vne='EDGE_LENGTH',Wne='SELF_LOOPS',Xne='firstTryWithInitialOrder',Yne='org.eclipse.elk.layered.directionCongruency',Zne='org.eclipse.elk.layered.feedbackEdges',$ne='org.eclipse.elk.layered.interactiveReferencePoint',_ne='org.eclipse.elk.layered.mergeEdges',aoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.mergeHierarchyEdges',boe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.allowNonFlowPortsToSwitchSides',coe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.portSortingStrategy',doe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.thoroughness',eoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.unnecessaryBendpoints',foe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.generatePositionAndLayerIds',goe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.cycleBreaking.strategy',hoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.strategy',ioe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.layerConstraint',joe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.layerChoiceConstraint',koe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.layerId',loe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.minWidth.upperBoundOnWidth',moe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.minWidth.upperLayerEstimationScalingFactor',noe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.nodePromotion.strategy',ooe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.nodePromotion.maxIterations',poe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.coffmanGraham.layerBound',qoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.strategy',roe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.forceNodeModelOrder',soe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.hierarchicalSweepiness',toe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.semiInteractive',uoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.positionChoiceConstraint',voe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.positionId',woe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.greedySwitch.activationThreshold',xoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.greedySwitch.type',yoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.greedySwitchHierarchical.type',zoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.strategy',Aoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.favorStraightEdges',Boe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.bk.edgeStraightening',Coe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.bk.fixedAlignment',Doe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.linearSegments.deflectionDampening',Eoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.networkSimplex.nodeFlexibility',Foe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.networkSimplex.nodeFlexibility.default',Goe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.selfLoopDistribution',Hoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.selfLoopOrdering',Ioe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.splines.mode',Joe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.splines.sloppy.layerSpacingFactor',Koe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.polyline.slopedEdgeZoneWidth',Loe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.baseValue',Moe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.edgeNodeBetweenLayers',Noe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.edgeEdgeBetweenLayers',Ooe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.nodeNodeBetweenLayers',Poe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.priority.direction',Qoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.priority.shortness',Roe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.priority.straightness',Soe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.compaction.connectedComponents',Toe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.compaction.postCompaction.strategy',Uoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.compaction.postCompaction.constraints',Voe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.highDegreeNodes.treatment',Woe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.highDegreeNodes.threshold',Xoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.highDegreeNodes.treeHeight',Yoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.strategy',Zoe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.additionalEdgeSpacing',$oe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.correctionFactor',_oe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.cutting.strategy',ape='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.cutting.cuts',bpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.cutting.msd.freedom',cpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.validify.strategy',dpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.validify.forbiddenIndices',epe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.multiEdge.improveCuts',fpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.multiEdge.distancePenalty',gpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.multiEdge.improveWrappedEdges',hpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeLabels.sideSelection',ipe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeLabels.centerLabelPlacementStrategy',jpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.strategy',kpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.noModelOrder',lpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.components',mpe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.longEdgeStrategy',npe='org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.crossingCounterNodeInfluence',ope='org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.crossingCounterPortInfluence',ppe='layering',qpe='layering.minWidth',rpe='layering.nodePromotion',spe='crossingMinimization',tpe='org.eclipse.elk.hierarchyHandling',upe='crossingMinimization.greedySwitch',vpe='nodePlacement',wpe='nodePlacement.bk',xpe='edgeRouting',ype='org.eclipse.elk.edgeRouting',zpe='spacing',Ape='priority',Bpe='compaction',Cpe='compaction.postCompaction',Dpe='Specifies whether and how post-process compaction is applied.',Epe='highDegreeNodes',Fpe='wrapping',Gpe='wrapping.cutting',Hpe='wrapping.validify',Ipe='wrapping.multiEdge',Jpe='edgeLabels',Kpe='considerModelOrder',Lpe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.commentComment',Mpe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.commentNode',Npe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.edgeEdge',Ope='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.edgeNode',Ppe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelLabel',Qpe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelPortHorizontal',Rpe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelPortVertical',Spe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelNode',Tpe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.nodeSelfLoop',Upe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.portPort',Vpe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.individual',Wpe='org.eclipse.elk.port.borderOffset',Xpe='org.eclipse.elk.noLayout',Ype='org.eclipse.elk.port.side',Zpe='org.eclipse.elk.debugMode',$pe='org.eclipse.elk.alignment',_pe='org.eclipse.elk.insideSelfLoops.activate',aqe='org.eclipse.elk.insideSelfLoops.yo',bqe='org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.fixedGraphSize',cqe='org.eclipse.elk.direction',dqe='org.eclipse.elk.nodeLabels.padding',eqe='org.eclipse.elk.portLabels.nextToPortIfPossible',fqe='org.eclipse.elk.portLabels.treatAsGroup',gqe='org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.default',hqe='org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.north',iqe='org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.south',jqe='org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.west',kqe='org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.east',lqe='org.eclipse.elk.contentAlignment',mqe='org.eclipse.elk.junctionPoints',nqe='org.eclipse.elk.edgeLabels.placement',oqe='org.eclipse.elk.port.index',pqe='org.eclipse.elk.commentBox',qqe='org.eclipse.elk.hypernode',rqe='org.eclipse.elk.port.anchor',sqe='org.eclipse.elk.partitioning.activate',tqe='org.eclipse.elk.partitioning.partition',uqe='org.eclipse.elk.position',vqe='org.eclipse.elk.margins',wqe='org.eclipse.elk.spacing.portsSurrounding',xqe='org.eclipse.elk.interactiveLayout',yqe='org.eclipse.elk.core.util',zqe={3:1,4:1,5:1,593:1},Aqe='NETWORK_SIMPLEX',Bqe={123:1,51:1},Cqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p1cycles',Dqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p2layers',Eqe={402:1,225:1},Fqe={832:1,3:1,4:1},Gqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p3order',Hqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p4nodes',Iqe={3:1,4:1,5:1,840:1},Jqe=1.0E-5,Kqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p4nodes.bk',Lqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges',Mqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges.orthogonal',Nqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges.orthogonal.direction',Oqe=1.0E-6,Pqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges.splines',Qqe=0.09999999999999998,Rqe=1.0E-8,Sqe=4.71238898038469,Tqe=3.141592653589793,Uqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree',Vqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree.graph',Wqe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree.intermediate',Xqe='Set neighbors in level',Yqe='DESCENDANTS',Zqe='org.eclipse.elk.mrtree.weighting',$qe='org.eclipse.elk.mrtree.searchOrder',_qe='org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree.options',are='org.eclipse.elk.mrtree',bre='org.eclipse.elk.tree',cre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial',dre=6.283185307179586,ere=4.9E-324,fre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.intermediate',gre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.intermediate.compaction',hre={3:1,4:1,5:1,106:1},ire='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.intermediate.optimization',jre='No implementation is available for the layout option ',kre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.options',lre='org.eclipse.elk.radial.orderId',mre='org.eclipse.elk.radial.radius',nre='org.eclipse.elk.radial.compactor',ore='org.eclipse.elk.radial.compactionStepSize',pre='org.eclipse.elk.radial.sorter',qre='org.eclipse.elk.radial.wedgeCriteria',rre='org.eclipse.elk.radial.optimizationCriteria',sre='org.eclipse.elk.radial',tre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.p1position.wedge',ure='org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.sorting',vre=5.497787143782138,wre=3.9269908169872414,xre=2.356194490192345,yre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking',zre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking.firstiteration',Are='org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking.options',Bre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.optimizationGoal',Cre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.lastPlaceShift',Dre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.currentPosition',Ere='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.desiredPosition',Fre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.onlyFirstIteration',Gre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.rowCompaction',Hre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.expandToAspectRatio',Ire='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.targetWidth',Jre='org.eclipse.elk.expandNodes',Kre='org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking',Lre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking.util',Mre='No implementation available for ',Nre='org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore',Ore='org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.options',Pre='org.eclipse.elk.sporeCompaction',Qre='org.eclipse.elk.underlyingLayoutAlgorithm',Rre='org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.treeConstruction',Sre='org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.spanningTreeCostFunction',Tre='org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.preferredRoot',Ure='org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.rootSelection',Vre='org.eclipse.elk.structure.structureExtractionStrategy',Wre='org.eclipse.elk.compaction.compactionStrategy',Xre='org.eclipse.elk.compaction.orthogonal',Yre='org.eclipse.elk.overlapRemoval.maxIterations',Zre='org.eclipse.elk.overlapRemoval.runScanline',$re='processingOrder',_re='overlapRemoval',ase='org.eclipse.elk.sporeOverlap',bse='org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.p1structure',cse='org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.p2processingorder',dse='org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.p3execution',ese='Invalid index: ',fse='org.eclipse.elk.core.alg',gse={331:1},hse={288:1},ise='Make sure its type is registered with the ',jse=' utility class.',kse='true',lse='false',mse="Couldn't clone property '",nse=0.05,ose='org.eclipse.elk.core.options',pse=1.2999999523162842,qse='org.eclipse.elk.box',rse='org.eclipse.elk.box.packingMode',sse='org.eclipse.elk.algorithm',tse='org.eclipse.elk.resolvedAlgorithm',use='org.eclipse.elk.bendPoints',vse='org.eclipse.elk.labelManager',wse='org.eclipse.elk.scaleFactor',xse='org.eclipse.elk.animate',yse='org.eclipse.elk.animTimeFactor',zse='org.eclipse.elk.layoutAncestors',Ase='org.eclipse.elk.maxAnimTime',Bse='org.eclipse.elk.minAnimTime',Cse='org.eclipse.elk.progressBar',Dse='org.eclipse.elk.validateGraph',Ese='org.eclipse.elk.validateOptions',Fse='org.eclipse.elk.zoomToFit',Gse='org.eclipse.elk.font.name',Hse='org.eclipse.elk.font.size',Ise='org.eclipse.elk.edge.type',Jse='partitioning',Kse='nodeLabels',Lse='portAlignment',Mse='nodeSize',Nse='port',Ose='portLabels',Pse='insideSelfLoops',Qse='org.eclipse.elk.fixed',Rse='org.eclipse.elk.random',Sse='port must have a parent node to calculate the port side',Tse='The edge needs to have exactly one edge section. Found: ',Use='org.eclipse.elk.core.util.adapters',Vse='org.eclipse.emf.ecore',Wse='org.eclipse.elk.graph',Xse='EMapPropertyHolder',Yse='ElkBendPoint',Zse='ElkGraphElement',$se='ElkConnectableShape',_se='ElkEdge',ate='ElkEdgeSection',bte='EModelElement',cte='ENamedElement',dte='ElkLabel',ete='ElkNode',fte='ElkPort',gte={92:1,90:1},hte='org.eclipse.emf.common.notify.impl',ite="The feature '",jte="' is not a valid changeable feature",kte='Expecting null',lte="' is not a valid feature",mte='The feature ID',nte=' is not a valid feature ID',ote=32768,pte={105:1,92:1,90:1,56:1,49:1,97:1},qte='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.impl',rte='org.eclipse.elk.graph.impl',ste='Recursive containment not allowed for ',tte="The datatype '",ute="' is not a valid classifier",vte="The value '",wte={190:1,3:1,4:1},xte="The class '",yte='http://www.eclipse.org/elk/ElkGraph',zte=1024,Ate='property',Bte='value',Cte='source',Dte='properties',Ete='identifier',Fte='height',Gte='width',Hte='parent',Ite='text',Jte='children',Kte='hierarchical',Lte='sources',Mte='targets',Nte='sections',Ote='bendPoints',Pte='outgoingShape',Qte='incomingShape',Rte='outgoingSections',Ste='incomingSections',Tte='org.eclipse.emf.common.util',Ute='Severe implementation error in the Json to ElkGraph importer.',Vte='id',Wte='org.eclipse.elk.graph.json',Xte='Unhandled parameter types: ',Yte='startPoint',Zte="An edge must have at least one source and one target (edge id: '",$te="').",_te='Referenced edge section does not exist: ',aue=" (edge id: '",bue='target',cue='sourcePoint',due='targetPoint',eue='group',fue='name',gue='connectableShape cannot be null',hue='edge cannot be null',iue="Passed edge is not 'simple'.",jue='org.eclipse.elk.graph.util',kue="The 'no duplicates' constraint is violated",lue='targetIndex=',mue=', size=',nue='sourceIndex=',oue={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,54:1,67:1,63:1,58:1},pue={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,47:1,15:1,54:1,67:1,63:1,58:1,588:1},que='logging',rue='measureExecutionTime',sue='parser.parse.1',tue='parser.parse.2',uue='parser.next.1',vue='parser.next.2',wue='parser.next.3',xue='parser.next.4',yue='parser.factor.1',zue='parser.factor.2',Aue='parser.factor.3',Bue='parser.factor.4',Cue='parser.factor.5',Due='parser.factor.6',Eue='parser.atom.1',Fue='parser.atom.2',Gue='parser.atom.3',Hue='parser.atom.4',Iue='parser.atom.5',Jue='parser.cc.1',Kue='parser.cc.2',Lue='parser.cc.3',Mue='parser.cc.5',Nue='parser.cc.6',Oue='parser.cc.7',Pue='parser.cc.8',Que='parser.ope.1',Rue='parser.ope.2',Sue='parser.ope.3',Tue='parser.descape.1',Uue='parser.descape.2',Vue='parser.descape.3',Wue='parser.descape.4',Xue='parser.descape.5',Yue='parser.process.1',Zue='parser.quantifier.1',$ue='parser.quantifier.2',_ue='parser.quantifier.3',ave='parser.quantifier.4',bve='parser.quantifier.5',cve='org.eclipse.emf.common.notify',dve={415:1,672:1},eve={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,67:1,58:1},fve={366:1,143:1},gve='index=',hve={3:1,4:1,5:1,126:1},ive={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,54:1,67:1,58:1},jve={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,192:1},kve={3:1,4:1,5:1,165:1,367:1},lve=';/?:@&=+$,',mve='invalid authority: ',nve='EAnnotation',ove='ETypedElement',pve='EStructuralFeature',qve='EAttribute',rve='EClassifier',sve='EEnumLiteral',tve='EGenericType',uve='EOperation',vve='EParameter',wve='EReference',xve='ETypeParameter',yve='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.util',zve={76:1},Ave={3:1,20:1,14:1,15:1,58:1,589:1,76:1,69:1,95:1},Bve='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.util.FeatureMap$Entry',Cve=8192,Dve=2048,Eve='byte',Fve='char',Gve='double',Hve='float',Ive='int',Jve='long',Kve='short',Lve='java.lang.Object',Mve={3:1,4:1,5:1,247:1},Nve={3:1,4:1,5:1,673:1},Ove={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,54:1,67:1,63:1,58:1,69:1},Pve={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,54:1,67:1,63:1,58:1,76:1,69:1,95:1},Qve='mixed',Rve='http:///org/eclipse/emf/ecore/util/ExtendedMetaData',Sve='kind',Tve={3:1,4:1,5:1,674:1},Uve={3:1,4:1,20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,67:1,58:1,76:1,69:1,95:1},Vve={20:1,28:1,52:1,14:1,15:1,58:1,69:1},Wve={47:1,125:1,279:1},Xve={72:1,332:1},Yve="The value of type '",Zve="' must be of type '",$ve=1316,_ve='http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2002/Ecore',awe=-32768,bwe='constraints',cwe='baseType',dwe='getEStructuralFeature',ewe='getFeatureID',fwe='feature',gwe='getOperationID',hwe='operation',iwe='defaultValue',jwe='eTypeParameters',kwe='isInstance',lwe='getEEnumLiteral',mwe='eContainingClass',nwe={55:1},owe={3:1,4:1,5:1,119:1},pwe='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.resource',qwe={92:1,90:1,591:1,1935:1},rwe='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.resource.impl',swe='unspecified',twe='simple',uwe='attribute',vwe='attributeWildcard',wwe='element',xwe='elementWildcard',ywe='collapse',zwe='itemType',Awe='namespace',Bwe='##targetNamespace',Cwe='whiteSpace',Dwe='wildcards',Ewe='http://www.eclipse.org/emf/2003/XMLType',Fwe='##any',Gwe='uninitialized',Hwe='The multiplicity constraint is violated',Iwe='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.xml.type',Jwe='ProcessingInstruction',Kwe='SimpleAnyType',Lwe='XMLTypeDocumentRoot',Mwe='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.xml.type.impl',Nwe='INF',Owe='processing',Pwe='ENTITIES_._base',Qwe='minLength',Rwe='ENTITY',Swe='NCName',Twe='IDREFS_._base',Uwe='integer',Vwe='token',Wwe='pattern',Xwe='[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*',Ywe='\\i\\c*',Zwe='[\\i-[:]][\\c-[:]]*',$we='nonPositiveInteger',_we='maxInclusive',axe='NMTOKEN',bxe='NMTOKENS_._base',cxe='nonNegativeInteger',dxe='minInclusive',exe='normalizedString',fxe='unsignedByte',gxe='unsignedInt',hxe='18446744073709551615',ixe='unsignedShort',jxe='processingInstruction',kxe='org.eclipse.emf.ecore.xml.type.internal',lxe=1114111,mxe='Internal Error: shorthands: 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fT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionMidprocessor/lambda$0$Type',1571);bcb(1572,1,qie,qcc);_.td=function rcc(a){mcc(this.a,BD(a,10))};var gT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionMidprocessor/lambda$1$Type',1572);bcb(1573,1,ene,tcc);_.pf=function ucc(a,b){scc(BD(a,37),b)};var iT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionPostprocessor',1573);bcb(1574,1,ene,ycc);_.pf=function zcc(a,b){wcc(BD(a,37),b)};var nT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionPreprocessor',1574);bcb(1575,1,Oie,Acc);_.Mb=function Bcc(a){return wNb(BD(a,10),(Nyc(),Nxc))};var jT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionPreprocessor/lambda$0$Type',1575);bcb(1576,1,{},Ccc);_.Kb=function Dcc(a){return new YAb(null,new Lub(new Sr(ur(U_b(BD(a,10)).a.Kc(),new Sq))))};var kT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionPreprocessor/lambda$1$Type',1576);bcb(1577,1,Oie,Ecc);_.Mb=function Fcc(a){return vcc(BD(a,17))};var lT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionPreprocessor/lambda$2$Type',1577);bcb(1578,1,qie,Gcc);_.td=function Hcc(a){xcc(BD(a,17))};var mT=mdb(Ane,'PartitionPreprocessor/lambda$3$Type',1578);bcb(1579,1,ene,Tcc);_.pf=function Xcc(a,b){Qcc(BD(a,37),b)};var 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YT=mdb(Ane,'SemiInteractiveCrossMinProcessor/lambda$2$Type',1615);bcb(1616,1,{},Rec);_.Ce=function Sec(a,b){return Hec(BD(a,10),BD(b,10))};var ZT=mdb(Ane,'SemiInteractiveCrossMinProcessor/lambda$3$Type',1616);bcb(1618,1,ene,Uec);_.pf=function Yec(a,b){Tec(BD(a,37),b)};var bU=mdb(Ane,'SortByInputModelProcessor',1618);bcb(1619,1,Oie,Zec);_.Mb=function $ec(a){return BD(a,11).g.c.length!=0};var _T=mdb(Ane,'SortByInputModelProcessor/lambda$0$Type',1619);bcb(1620,1,qie,_ec);_.td=function afc(a){Wec(this.a,BD(a,11))};var aU=mdb(Ane,'SortByInputModelProcessor/lambda$1$Type',1620);bcb(1693,803,{},jfc);_.Me=function kfc(a){var b,c,d,e;this.c=a;switch(this.a.g){case 2:b=new Rkb;MAb(JAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(this.c.a.b,16)),new lgc),new ngc(this,b));nEb(this,new tfc);Hkb(b,new xfc);b.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);MAb(JAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(this.c.a.b,16)),new zfc),new Bfc(b));nEb(this,new Ffc);Hkb(b,new Jfc);b.c=KC(SI,Uhe,1,0,5,1);c=Ntb($zb(OAb(new YAb(null,new Kub(this.c.a.b,16)),new Lfc(this))),new 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kgc(a){BD(a,365).Vd()};var xU=mdb(Jne,'EdgeAwareScanlineConstraintCalculation/lambda$7$Type',1701);bcb(1702,1,Oie,lgc);_.Mb=function mgc(a){return JD(BD(a,57).g,145)};var yU=mdb(Jne,'EdgeAwareScanlineConstraintCalculation/lambda$8$Type',1702);bcb(1704,1,qie,ngc);_.td=function ogc(a){ifc(this.a,this.b,BD(a,57))};var zU=mdb(Jne,'EdgeAwareScanlineConstraintCalculation/lambda$9$Type',1704);bcb(1521,1,ene,sgc);_.pf=function xgc(a,b){rgc(this,BD(a,37),b)};var pgc;var EU=mdb(Jne,'HorizontalGraphCompactor',1521);bcb(1522,1,{},ygc);_.Oe=function zgc(a,b){var c,d,e;if(vgc(a,b)){return 0}c=tgc(a);d=tgc(b);if(!!c&&c.k==(j0b(),e0b)||!!d&&d.k==(j0b(),e0b)){return 0}e=BD(vNb(this.a.a,(wtc(),otc)),304);return fBc(e,c?c.k:(j0b(),g0b),d?d.k:(j0b(),g0b))};_.Pe=function Agc(a,b){var c,d,e;if(vgc(a,b)){return 1}c=tgc(a);d=tgc(b);e=BD(vNb(this.a.a,(wtc(),otc)),304);return iBc(e,c?c.k:(j0b(),g0b),d?d.k:(j0b(),g0b))};var BU=mdb(Jne,'HorizontalGraphCompactor/1',1522);bcb(1523,1,{},Bgc);_.Ne=function 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JU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$11$Type',1676);bcb(1677,1,Oie,ohc);_.Mb=function phc(a){return Hgc(),JD(BD(a,57).g,145)};var KU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$12$Type',1677);bcb(1681,1,qie,qhc);_.td=function rhc(a){$gc(BD(a,57))};var LU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$13$Type',1681);bcb(1678,1,qie,shc);_.td=function thc(a){_gc(this.a,BD(a,8))};_.a=0;var MU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$14$Type',1678);bcb(1679,1,qie,uhc);_.td=function vhc(a){ahc(this.a,BD(a,110))};_.a=0;var NU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$15$Type',1679);bcb(1680,1,qie,whc);_.td=function xhc(a){bhc(this.a,BD(a,8))};_.a=0;var OU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$16$Type',1680);bcb(1682,1,{},yhc);_.Kb=function zhc(a){return Hgc(),new YAb(null,new Lub(new Sr(ur(U_b(BD(a,10)).a.Kc(),new Sq))))};var PU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$17$Type',1682);bcb(1683,1,Oie,Ahc);_.Mb=function Bhc(a){return Hgc(),OZb(BD(a,17))};var QU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$18$Type',1683);bcb(1684,1,qie,Chc);_.td=function Dhc(a){Qgc(this.a,BD(a,17))};var RU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$19$Type',1684);bcb(1668,1,qie,Ehc);_.td=function Fhc(a){Rgc(this.a,BD(a,145))};var SU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$2$Type',1668);bcb(1685,1,{},Ghc);_.Kb=function Hhc(a){return Hgc(),new YAb(null,new Kub(BD(a,29).a,16))};var TU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$20$Type',1685);bcb(1686,1,{},Ihc);_.Kb=function Jhc(a){return Hgc(),new YAb(null,new Lub(new Sr(ur(U_b(BD(a,10)).a.Kc(),new Sq))))};var UU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$21$Type',1686);bcb(1687,1,{},Khc);_.Kb=function Lhc(a){return Hgc(),BD(vNb(BD(a,17),(wtc(),rtc)),15)};var VU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$22$Type',1687);bcb(1688,1,Oie,Mhc);_.Mb=function Nhc(a){return chc(BD(a,15))};var WU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$23$Type',1688);bcb(1689,1,qie,Ohc);_.td=function Phc(a){Jgc(this.a,BD(a,15))};var XU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$24$Type',1689);bcb(1667,1,qie,Qhc);_.td=function Rhc(a){Sgc(this.a,this.b,BD(a,145))};var YU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$3$Type',1667);bcb(1669,1,{},Shc);_.Kb=function Thc(a){return Hgc(),new YAb(null,new Kub(BD(a,29).a,16))};var ZU=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$4$Type',1669);bcb(1670,1,{},Uhc);_.Kb=function Vhc(a){return Hgc(),new YAb(null,new Lub(new Sr(ur(U_b(BD(a,10)).a.Kc(),new Sq))))};var $U=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$5$Type',1670);bcb(1671,1,{},Whc);_.Kb=function Xhc(a){return Hgc(),BD(vNb(BD(a,17),(wtc(),rtc)),15)};var _U=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$6$Type',1671);bcb(1673,1,qie,Yhc);_.td=function Zhc(a){dhc(this.a,BD(a,15))};var aV=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$8$Type',1673);bcb(1674,1,qie,$hc);_.td=function _hc(a){Tgc(this.a,this.b,BD(a,145))};var bV=mdb(Jne,'LGraphToCGraphTransformer/lambda$9$Type',1674);bcb(1663,1,{},dic);_.Le=function eic(a){var b,c,d,e,f;this.a=a;this.d=new KFb;this.c=KC(jN,Uhe,121,this.a.a.a.c.length,0,1);this.b=0;for(c=new olb(this.a.a.a);c.a=p){Ekb(f,meb(k));s=$wnd.Math.max(s,t[k-1]-l);h+=o;q+=t[k-1]-q;l=t[k-1];o=i[k]}o=$wnd.Math.max(o,i[k]);++k}h+=o}n=$wnd.Math.min(1/s,1/b.b/h);if(n>d){d=n;c=f}}return c};_.Wf=function mpc(){return false};var CW=mdb(Rne,'MSDCutIndexHeuristic',802);bcb(1617,1,ene,ppc);_.pf=function qpc(a,b){opc(BD(a,37),b)};var DW=mdb(Rne,'SingleEdgeGraphWrapper',1617);bcb(227,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,227:1},Bpc);var upc,vpc,wpc,xpc,ypc,zpc;var EW=ndb(Sne,'CenterEdgeLabelPlacementStrategy',227,CI,Dpc,Cpc);var Epc;bcb(422,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,422:1},Jpc);var Gpc,Hpc;var FW=ndb(Sne,'ConstraintCalculationStrategy',422,CI,Lpc,Kpc);var Mpc;bcb(314,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,314:1,246:1,234:1},Tpc);_.Kf=function Vpc(){return Spc(this)};_.Xf=function Upc(){return Spc(this)};var Opc,Ppc,Qpc;var GW=ndb(Sne,'CrossingMinimizationStrategy',314,CI,Xpc,Wpc);var Ypc;bcb(337,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,337:1},cqc);var $pc,_pc,aqc;var HW=ndb(Sne,'CuttingStrategy',337,CI,eqc,dqc);var fqc;bcb(335,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,335:1,246:1,234:1},oqc);_.Kf=function qqc(){return nqc(this)};_.Xf=function pqc(){return nqc(this)};var hqc,iqc,jqc,kqc,lqc;var IW=ndb(Sne,'CycleBreakingStrategy',335,CI,sqc,rqc);var tqc;bcb(419,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,419:1},yqc);var vqc,wqc;var JW=ndb(Sne,'DirectionCongruency',419,CI,Aqc,zqc);var Bqc;bcb(450,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,450:1},Hqc);var Dqc,Eqc,Fqc;var KW=ndb(Sne,'EdgeConstraint',450,CI,Jqc,Iqc);var Kqc;bcb(276,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,276:1},Uqc);var Mqc,Nqc,Oqc,Pqc,Qqc,Rqc;var LW=ndb(Sne,'EdgeLabelSideSelection',276,CI,Wqc,Vqc);var Xqc;bcb(479,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,479:1},arc);var Zqc,$qc;var MW=ndb(Sne,'EdgeStraighteningStrategy',479,CI,crc,brc);var drc;bcb(274,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,274:1},mrc);var frc,grc,hrc,irc,jrc,krc;var NW=ndb(Sne,'FixedAlignment',274,CI,orc,nrc);var prc;bcb(275,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,275:1},zrc);var rrc,trc,urc,vrc,wrc,xrc;var OW=ndb(Sne,'GraphCompactionStrategy',275,CI,Brc,Arc);var Crc;bcb(256,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,256:1},Prc);var Erc,Frc,Grc,Hrc,Irc,Jrc,Krc,Lrc,Mrc,Nrc;var PW=ndb(Sne,'GraphProperties',256,CI,Rrc,Qrc);var Src;bcb(292,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,292:1},Yrc);var Urc,Vrc,Wrc;var QW=ndb(Sne,'GreedySwitchType',292,CI,$rc,Zrc);var _rc;bcb(303,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,303:1},fsc);var bsc,csc,dsc;var RW=ndb(Sne,'InLayerConstraint',303,CI,hsc,gsc);var isc;bcb(420,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,420:1},nsc);var ksc,lsc;var SW=ndb(Sne,'InteractiveReferencePoint',420,CI,psc,osc);var qsc;var ssc,tsc,usc,vsc,wsc,xsc,ysc,zsc,Asc,Bsc,Csc,Dsc,Esc,Fsc,Gsc,Hsc,Isc,Jsc,Ksc,Lsc,Msc,Nsc,Osc,Psc,Qsc,Rsc,Ssc,Tsc,Usc,Vsc,Wsc,Xsc,Ysc,Zsc,$sc,_sc,atc,btc,ctc,dtc,etc,ftc,gtc,htc,itc,jtc,ktc,ltc,mtc,ntc,otc,ptc,qtc,rtc,stc,ttc,utc,vtc;bcb(163,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,163:1},Dtc);var xtc,ytc,ztc,Atc,Btc;var TW=ndb(Sne,'LayerConstraint',163,CI,Ftc,Etc);var Gtc;bcb(848,1,ale,kwc);_.Qe=function lwc(a){t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Yne),''),'Direction Congruency'),'Specifies how drawings of the same graph with different layout directions compare to each other: either a natural reading direction is preserved or the drawings are rotated versions of each other.'),puc),(_5c(),V5c)),JW),pqb((N5c(),L5c)))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Zne),''),'Feedback Edges'),'Whether feedback edges should be highlighted by routing around the nodes.'),(Bcb(),false)),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,$ne),''),'Interactive Reference Point'),'Determines which point of a node is considered by interactive layout phases.'),Muc),V5c),SW),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,$ne,goe,Ouc);o4c(a,$ne,qoe,Nuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,_ne),''),'Merge Edges'),'Edges that have no ports are merged so they touch the connected nodes at the same points. When this option is disabled, one port is created for each edge directly connected to a node. When it is enabled, all such incoming edges share an input port, and all outgoing edges share an output port.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,aoe),''),'Merge Hierarchy-Crossing Edges'),'If hierarchical layout is active, hierarchy-crossing edges use as few hierarchical ports as possible. They are broken by the algorithm, with hierarchical ports inserted as required. Usually, one such port is created for each edge at each hierarchy crossing point. With this option set to true, we try to create as few hierarchical ports as possible in the process. In particular, all edges that form a hyperedge can share a port.'),true),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(C5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,boe),''),'Allow Non-Flow Ports To Switch Sides'),"Specifies whether non-flow ports may switch sides if their node's port constraints are either FIXED_SIDE or FIXED_ORDER. A non-flow port is a port on a side that is not part of the currently configured layout flow. For instance, given a left-to-right layout direction, north and south ports would be considered non-flow ports. Further note that the underlying criterium whether to switch sides or not solely relies on the minimization of edge crossings. Hence, edge length and other aesthetics criteria are not addressed."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(M5c)),OC(GC(ZI,1),nie,2,6,['org.eclipse.elk.layered.northOrSouthPort']))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,coe),''),'Port Sorting Strategy'),"Only relevant for nodes with FIXED_SIDE port constraints. Determines the way a node's ports are distributed on the sides of a node if their order is not prescribed. The option is set on parent nodes."),xvc),V5c),cX),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,doe),''),'Thoroughness'),'How much effort should be spent to produce a nice layout.'),meb(7)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,eoe),''),'Add Unnecessary Bendpoints'),'Adds bend points even if an edge does not change direction. If true, each long edge dummy will contribute a bend point to its edges and hierarchy-crossing edges will always get a bend point where they cross hierarchy boundaries. By default, bend points are only added where an edge changes direction.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,foe),''),'Generate Position and Layer IDs'),'If enabled position id and layer id are generated, which are usually only used internally when setting the interactiveLayout option. This option should be specified on the root node.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,goe),'cycleBreaking'),'Cycle Breaking Strategy'),'Strategy for cycle breaking. Cycle breaking looks for cycles in the graph and determines which edges to reverse to break the cycles. Reversed edges will end up pointing to the opposite direction of regular edges (that is, reversed edges will point left if edges usually point right).'),nuc),V5c),IW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,hoe),ppe),'Node Layering Strategy'),'Strategy for node layering.'),bvc),V5c),YW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ioe),ppe),'Layer Constraint'),'Determines a constraint on the placement of the node regarding the layering.'),Tuc),V5c),TW),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,joe),ppe),'Layer Choice Constraint'),"Allows to set a constraint regarding the layer placement of a node. Let i be the value of teh constraint. Assumed the drawing has n layers and i < n. If set to i, it expresses that the node should be placed in i-th layer. Should i>=n be true then the node is placed in the last layer of the drawing. Note that this option is not part of any of ELK Layered's default configurations but is only evaluated as part of the `InteractiveLayeredGraphVisitor`, which must be applied manually or used via the `DiagramLayoutEngine."),meb(-1)),X5c),JI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,koe),ppe),'Layer ID'),'Layer identifier that was calculated by ELK Layered for a node. This is only generated if interactiveLayot or generatePositionAndLayerIds is set.'),meb(-1)),X5c),JI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,loe),qpe),'Upper Bound On Width [MinWidth Layerer]'),"Defines a loose upper bound on the width of the MinWidth layerer. If set to '-1' multiple values are tested and the best result is selected."),meb(4)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,loe,hoe,Wuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,moe),qpe),'Upper Layer Estimation Scaling Factor [MinWidth Layerer]'),"Multiplied with Upper Bound On Width for defining an upper bound on the width of layers which haven't been determined yet, but whose maximum width had been (roughly) estimated by the MinWidth algorithm. Compensates for too high estimations. If set to '-1' multiple values are tested and the best result is selected."),meb(2)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,moe,hoe,Yuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,noe),rpe),'Node Promotion Strategy'),'Reduces number of dummy nodes after layering phase (if possible).'),_uc),V5c),aX),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ooe),rpe),'Max Node Promotion Iterations'),'Limits the number of iterations for node promotion.'),meb(0)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,ooe,noe,null);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,poe),'layering.coffmanGraham'),'Layer Bound'),'The maximum number of nodes allowed per layer.'),meb(Ohe)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,poe,hoe,Quc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,qoe),spe),'Crossing Minimization Strategy'),'Strategy for crossing minimization.'),luc),V5c),GW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,roe),spe),'Force Node Model Order'),'The node order given by the model does not change to produce a better layout. E.g. if node A is before node B in the model this is not changed during crossing minimization. This assumes that the node model order is already respected before crossing minimization. This can be achieved by setting considerModelOrder.strategy to NODES_AND_EDGES.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,soe),spe),'Hierarchical Sweepiness'),'How likely it is to use cross-hierarchy (1) vs bottom-up (-1).'),0.1),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,soe,tpe,fuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,toe),spe),'Semi-Interactive Crossing Minimization'),"Preserves the order of nodes within a layer but still minimizes crossings between edges connecting long edge dummies. Derives the desired order from positions specified by the 'org.eclipse.elk.position' layout option. Requires a crossing minimization strategy that is able to process 'in-layer' constraints."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,toe,qoe,juc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,uoe),spe),'Position Choice Constraint'),"Allows to set a constraint regarding the position placement of a node in a layer. Assumed the layer in which the node placed includes n other nodes and i < n. If set to i, it expresses that the node should be placed at the i-th position. Should i>=n be true then the node is placed at the last position in the layer. Note that this option is not part of any of ELK Layered's default configurations but is only evaluated as part of the `InteractiveLayeredGraphVisitor`, which must be applied manually or used via the `DiagramLayoutEngine."),meb(-1)),X5c),JI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,voe),spe),'Position ID'),'Position within a layer that was determined by ELK Layered for a node. This is only generated if interactiveLayot or generatePositionAndLayerIds is set.'),meb(-1)),X5c),JI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,woe),upe),'Greedy Switch Activation Threshold'),"By default it is decided automatically if the greedy switch is activated or not. The decision is based on whether the size of the input graph (without dummy nodes) is smaller than the value of this option. A '0' enforces the activation."),meb(40)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,xoe),upe),'Greedy Switch Crossing Minimization'),"Greedy Switch strategy for crossing minimization. The greedy switch heuristic is executed after the regular crossing minimization as a post-processor. Note that if 'hierarchyHandling' is set to 'INCLUDE_CHILDREN', the 'greedySwitchHierarchical.type' option must be used."),cuc),V5c),QW),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,xoe,qoe,duc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,yoe),'crossingMinimization.greedySwitchHierarchical'),'Greedy Switch Crossing Minimization (hierarchical)'),"Activates the greedy switch heuristic in case hierarchical layout is used. The differences to the non-hierarchical case (see 'greedySwitch.type') are: 1) greedy switch is inactive by default, 3) only the option value set on the node at which hierarchical layout starts is relevant, and 2) if it's activated by the user, it properly addresses hierarchy-crossing edges."),$tc),V5c),QW),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,yoe,qoe,_tc);o4c(a,yoe,tpe,auc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,zoe),vpe),'Node Placement Strategy'),'Strategy for node placement.'),vvc),V5c),_W),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Aoe),vpe),'Favor Straight Edges Over Balancing'),"Favor straight edges over a balanced node placement. The default behavior is determined automatically based on the used 'edgeRouting'. For an orthogonal style it is set to true, for all other styles to false."),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Aoe,zoe,lvc);o4c(a,Aoe,zoe,mvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Boe),wpe),'BK Edge Straightening'),"Specifies whether the Brandes Koepf node placer tries to increase the number of straight edges at the expense of diagram size. There is a subtle difference to the 'favorStraightEdges' option, which decides whether a balanced placement of the nodes is desired, or not. In bk terms this means combining the four alignments into a single balanced one, or not. This option on the other hand tries to straighten additional edges during the creation of each of the four alignments."),fvc),V5c),MW),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Boe,zoe,gvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Coe),wpe),'BK Fixed Alignment'),'Tells the BK node placer to use a certain alignment (out of its four) instead of the one producing the smallest height, or the combination of all four.'),ivc),V5c),NW),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Coe,zoe,jvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Doe),'nodePlacement.linearSegments'),'Linear Segments Deflection Dampening'),'Dampens the movement of nodes to keep the diagram from getting too large.'),0.3),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Doe,zoe,ovc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Eoe),'nodePlacement.networkSimplex'),'Node Flexibility'),"Aims at shorter and straighter edges. Two configurations are possible: (a) allow ports to move freely on the side they are assigned to (the order is always defined beforehand), (b) additionally allow to enlarge a node wherever it helps. If this option is not configured for a node, the 'nodeFlexibility.default' value is used, which is specified for the node's parent."),V5c),$W),pqb(K5c))));o4c(a,Eoe,zoe,tvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Foe),'nodePlacement.networkSimplex.nodeFlexibility'),'Node Flexibility Default'),"Default value of the 'nodeFlexibility' option for the children of a hierarchical node."),rvc),V5c),$W),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Foe,zoe,svc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Goe),xpe),'Self-Loop Distribution'),'Alter the distribution of the loops around the node. It only takes effect for PortConstraints.FREE.'),xuc),V5c),eX),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Hoe),xpe),'Self-Loop Ordering'),'Alter the ordering of the loops they can either be stacked or sequenced. It only takes effect for PortConstraints.FREE.'),zuc),V5c),fX),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ioe),'edgeRouting.splines'),'Spline Routing Mode'),'Specifies the way control points are assembled for each individual edge. CONSERVATIVE ensures that edges are properly routed around the nodes but feels rather orthogonal at times. SLOPPY uses fewer control points to obtain curvier edge routes but may result in edges overlapping nodes.'),Buc),V5c),hX),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Ioe,ype,Cuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Joe),'edgeRouting.splines.sloppy'),'Sloppy Spline Layer Spacing Factor'),'Spacing factor for routing area between layers when using sloppy spline routing.'),0.2),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Joe,ype,Euc);o4c(a,Joe,Ioe,Fuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Koe),'edgeRouting.polyline'),'Sloped Edge Zone Width'),'Width of the strip to the left and to the right of each layer where the polyline edge router is allowed to refrain from ensuring that edges are routed horizontally. This prevents awkward bend points for nodes that extent almost to the edge of their layer.'),2),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Koe,ype,vuc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Loe),zpe),'Spacing Base Value'),"An optional base value for all other layout options of the 'spacing' group. It can be used to conveniently alter the overall 'spaciousness' of the drawing. Whenever an explicit value is set for the other layout options, this base value will have no effect. The base value is not inherited, i.e. it must be set for each hierarchical node."),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Moe),zpe),'Edge Node Between Layers Spacing'),"The spacing to be preserved between nodes and edges that are routed next to the node's layer. For the spacing between nodes and edges that cross the node's layer 'spacing.edgeNode' is used."),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Noe),zpe),'Edge Edge Between Layer Spacing'),"Spacing to be preserved between pairs of edges that are routed between the same pair of layers. Note that 'spacing.edgeEdge' is used for the spacing between pairs of edges crossing the same layer."),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ooe),zpe),'Node Node Between Layers Spacing'),"The spacing to be preserved between any pair of nodes of two adjacent layers. Note that 'spacing.nodeNode' is used for the spacing between nodes within the layer itself."),20),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Poe),Ape),'Direction Priority'),'Defines how important it is to have a certain edge point into the direction of the overall layout. This option is evaluated during the cycle breaking phase.'),meb(0)),X5c),JI),pqb(I5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Qoe),Ape),'Shortness Priority'),'Defines how important it is to keep an edge as short as possible. This option is evaluated during the layering phase.'),meb(0)),X5c),JI),pqb(I5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Roe),Ape),'Straightness Priority'),'Defines how important it is to keep an edge straight, i.e. aligned with one of the two axes. This option is evaluated during node placement.'),meb(0)),X5c),JI),pqb(I5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Soe),Bpe),Ole),'Tries to further compact components (disconnected sub-graphs).'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Soe,zme,true);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Toe),Cpe),'Post Compaction Strategy'),Dpe),Ntc),V5c),OW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Uoe),Cpe),'Post Compaction Constraint Calculation'),Dpe),Ltc),V5c),FW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Voe),Epe),'High Degree Node Treatment'),'Makes room around high degree nodes to place leafs and trees.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Woe),Epe),'High Degree Node Threshold'),'Whether a node is considered to have a high degree.'),meb(16)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Woe,Voe,true);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Xoe),Epe),'High Degree Node Maximum Tree Height'),'Maximum height of a subtree connected to a high degree node to be moved to separate layers.'),meb(5)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Xoe,Voe,true);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Yoe),Fpe),'Graph Wrapping Strategy'),"For certain graphs and certain prescribed drawing areas it may be desirable to split the laid out graph into chunks that are placed side by side. The edges that connect different chunks are 'wrapped' around from the end of one chunk to the start of the other chunk. The points between the chunks are referred to as 'cuts'."),bwc),V5c),jX),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Zoe),Fpe),'Additional Wrapped Edges Spacing'),'To visually separate edges that are wrapped from regularly routed edges an additional spacing value can be specified in form of this layout option. The spacing is added to the regular edgeNode spacing.'),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,Zoe,Yoe,Ivc);o4c(a,Zoe,Yoe,Jvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,$oe),Fpe),'Correction Factor for Wrapping'),"At times and for certain types of graphs the executed wrapping may produce results that are consistently biased in the same fashion: either wrapping to often or to rarely. This factor can be used to correct the bias. Internally, it is simply multiplied with the 'aspect ratio' layout option."),1),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,$oe,Yoe,Lvc);o4c(a,$oe,Yoe,Mvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,_oe),Gpe),'Cutting Strategy'),'The strategy by which the layer indexes are determined at which the layering crumbles into chunks.'),Tvc),V5c),HW),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,_oe,Yoe,Uvc);o4c(a,_oe,Yoe,Vvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ape),Gpe),'Manually Specified Cuts'),'Allows the user to specify her own cuts for a certain graph.'),Y5c),yK),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,ape,_oe,Ovc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,bpe),'wrapping.cutting.msd'),'MSD Freedom'),'The MSD cutting strategy starts with an initial guess on the number of chunks the graph should be split into. The freedom specifies how much the strategy may deviate from this guess. E.g. if an initial number of 3 is computed, a freedom of 1 allows 2, 3, and 4 cuts.'),Qvc),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,bpe,_oe,Rvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,cpe),Hpe),'Validification Strategy'),'When wrapping graphs, one can specify indices that are not allowed as split points. The validification strategy makes sure every computed split point is allowed.'),gwc),V5c),iX),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,cpe,Yoe,hwc);o4c(a,cpe,Yoe,iwc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,dpe),Hpe),'Valid Indices for Wrapping'),null),Y5c),yK),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,dpe,Yoe,dwc);o4c(a,dpe,Yoe,ewc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,epe),Ipe),'Improve Cuts'),'For general graphs it is important that not too many edges wrap backwards. Thus a compromise between evenly-distributed cuts and the total number of cut edges is sought.'),true),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,epe,Yoe,Zvc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,fpe),Ipe),'Distance Penalty When Improving Cuts'),null),2),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,fpe,Yoe,Xvc);o4c(a,fpe,epe,true);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,gpe),Ipe),'Improve Wrapped Edges'),'The initial wrapping is performed in a very simple way. As a consequence, edges that wrap from one chunk to another may be unnecessarily long. Activating this option tries to shorten such edges.'),true),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,gpe,Yoe,_vc);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,hpe),Jpe),'Edge Label Side Selection'),'Method to decide on edge label sides.'),tuc),V5c),LW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ipe),Jpe),'Edge Center Label Placement Strategy'),'Determines in which layer center labels of long edges should be placed.'),ruc),V5c),EW),qqb(L5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[J5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,jpe),Kpe),'Consider Model Order'),'Preserves the order of nodes and edges in the model file if this does not lead to additional edge crossings. Depending on the strategy this is not always possible since the node and edge order might be conflicting.'),Wtc),V5c),bX),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,kpe),Kpe),'No Model Order'),'Set on a node to not set a model order for this node even though it is a real node.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,lpe),Kpe),'Consider Model Order for Components'),'If set to NONE the usual ordering strategy (by cumulative node priority and size of nodes) is used. INSIDE_PORT_SIDES orders the components with external ports only inside the groups with the same port side. FORCE_MODEL_ORDER enforces the mode order on components. This option might produce bad alignments and sub optimal drawings in terms of used area since the ordering should be respected.'),Ptc),V5c),hQ),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,lpe,zme,null);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,mpe),Kpe),'Long Edge Ordering Strategy'),'Indicates whether long edges are sorted under, over, or equal to nodes that have no connection to a previous layer in a left-to-right or right-to-left layout. Under and over changes to right and left in a vertical layout.'),Ttc),V5c),ZW),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,npe),Kpe),'Crossing Counter Node Order Influence'),'Indicates with what percentage (1 for 100%) violations of the node model order are weighted against the crossings e.g. a value of 0.5 means two model order violations are as important as on edge crossing. This allows some edge crossings in favor of preserving the model order. It is advised to set this value to a very small positive value (e.g. 0.001) to have minimal crossing and a optimal node order. Defaults to no influence (0).'),0),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));o4c(a,npe,jpe,null);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ope),Kpe),'Crossing Counter Port Order Influence'),'Indicates with what percentage (1 for 100%) violations of the port model order are weighted against the crossings e.g. a value of 0.5 means two model order violations are as important as on edge crossing. This allows some edge crossings in favor of preserving the model order. It is advised to set this value to a very small positive value (e.g. 0.001) to have minimal crossing and a optimal port order. 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z7c,A7c,B7c,C7c,D7c,E7c;var o1=ndb(ose,'Alignment',248,CI,I7c,H7c);var J7c;bcb(979,1,ale,Z7c);_.Qe=function $7c(a){Y7c(a)};var L7c,M7c,N7c,O7c,P7c,Q7c,R7c,S7c,T7c,U7c,V7c,W7c;var q1=mdb(ose,'BoxLayouterOptions',979);bcb(980,1,{},_7c);_.$e=function a8c(){var a;return a=new ged,a};_._e=function b8c(a){};var p1=mdb(ose,'BoxLayouterOptions/BoxFactory',980);bcb(291,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,291:1},j8c);var c8c,d8c,e8c,f8c,g8c,h8c;var r1=ndb(ose,'ContentAlignment',291,CI,l8c,k8c);var m8c;bcb(684,1,ale,Z9c);_.Qe=function $9c(a){t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,sse),''),'Layout Algorithm'),'Select a specific layout algorithm.'),(_5c(),Z5c)),ZI),pqb((N5c(),L5c)))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,tse),''),'Resolved Layout Algorithm'),'Meta data associated with the selected algorithm.'),Y5c),E0),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,$pe),''),'Alignment'),'Alignment of the selected node relative to other nodes; the exact meaning depends on the used algorithm.'),q8c),V5c),o1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,_le),''),'Aspect Ratio'),'The desired aspect ratio of the drawing, that is the quotient of width by height.'),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,use),''),'Bend Points'),"A fixed list of bend points for the edge. This is used by the 'Fixed Layout' algorithm to specify a pre-defined routing for an edge. The vector chain must include the source point, any bend points, and the target point, so it must have at least two points."),Y5c),l1),pqb(I5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,lqe),''),'Content Alignment'),'Specifies how the content of a node are aligned. Each node can individually control the alignment of its contents. I.e. if a node should be aligned top left in its parent node, the parent node should specify that option.'),x8c),W5c),r1),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Zpe),''),'Debug Mode'),'Whether additional debug information shall be generated.'),(Bcb(),false)),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,cqe),''),Cle),'Overall direction of edges: horizontal (right / left) or vertical (down / up).'),A8c),V5c),t1),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ype),''),'Edge Routing'),'What kind of edge routing style should be applied for the content of a parent node. Algorithms may also set this option to single edges in order to mark them as splines. The bend point list of edges with this option set to SPLINES must be interpreted as control points for a piecewise cubic spline.'),F8c),V5c),v1),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Jre),''),'Expand Nodes'),'If active, nodes are expanded to fill the area of their parent.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,tpe),''),'Hierarchy Handling'),"Determines whether separate layout runs are triggered for different compound nodes in a hierarchical graph. Setting a node's hierarchy handling to `INCLUDE_CHILDREN` will lay out that node and all of its descendants in a single layout run, until a descendant is encountered which has its hierarchy handling set to `SEPARATE_CHILDREN`. In general, `SEPARATE_CHILDREN` will ensure that a new layout run is triggered for a node with that setting. Including multiple levels of hierarchy in a single layout run may allow cross-hierarchical edges to be laid out properly. If the root node is set to `INHERIT` (or not set at all), the default behavior is `SEPARATE_CHILDREN`."),K8c),V5c),z1),qqb(L5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[K5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,ame),''),'Padding'),"The padding to be left to a parent element's border when placing child elements. This can also serve as an output option of a layout algorithm if node size calculation is setup appropriately."),g9c),Y5c),j1),qqb(L5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[K5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ame),''),'Interactive'),'Whether the algorithm should be run in interactive mode for the content of a parent node. What this means exactly depends on how the specific algorithm interprets this option. Usually in the interactive mode algorithms try to modify the current layout as little as possible.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,xqe),''),'interactive Layout'),'Whether the graph should be changeable interactively and by setting constraints'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Dme),''),'Omit Node Micro Layout'),"Node micro layout comprises the computation of node dimensions (if requested), the placement of ports and their labels, and the placement of node labels. The functionality is implemented independent of any specific layout algorithm and shouldn't have any negative impact on the layout algorithm's performance itself. Yet, if any unforeseen behavior occurs, this option allows to deactivate the micro layout."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Bme),''),'Port Constraints'),'Defines constraints of the position of the ports of a node.'),u9c),V5c),D1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,uqe),''),'Position'),"The position of a node, port, or label. This is used by the 'Fixed Layout' algorithm to specify a pre-defined position."),Y5c),m1),qqb(K5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[M5c,J5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,vme),''),'Priority'),'Defines the priority of an object; its meaning depends on the specific layout algorithm and the context where it is used.'),X5c),JI),qqb(K5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[I5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,yme),''),'Randomization Seed'),'Seed used for pseudo-random number generators to control the layout algorithm. If the value is 0, the seed shall be determined pseudo-randomly (e.g. from the system time).'),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,zme),''),'Separate Connected Components'),'Whether each connected component should be processed separately.'),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,mqe),''),'Junction Points'),'This option is not used as option, but as output of the layout algorithms. It is attached to edges and determines the points where junction symbols should be drawn in order to represent hyperedges with orthogonal routing. Whether such points are computed depends on the chosen layout algorithm and edge routing style. The points are put into the vector chain with no specific order.'),R8c),Y5c),l1),pqb(I5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,pqe),''),'Comment Box'),'Whether the node should be regarded as a comment box instead of a regular node. In that case its placement should be similar to how labels are handled. Any edges incident to a comment box specify to which graph elements the comment is related.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,qqe),''),'Hypernode'),'Whether the node should be handled as a hypernode.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,vse),''),'Label Manager'),"Label managers can shorten labels upon a layout algorithm's request."),Y5c),h1),qqb(L5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[J5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,vqe),''),'Margins'),"Margins define additional space around the actual bounds of a graph element. For instance, ports or labels being placed on the outside of a node's border might introduce such a margin. The margin is used to guarantee non-overlap of other graph elements with those ports or labels."),T8c),Y5c),i1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Xpe),''),'No Layout'),"No layout is done for the associated element. This is used to mark parts of a diagram to avoid their inclusion in the layout graph, or to mark parts of the layout graph to prevent layout engines from processing them. If you wish to exclude the contents of a compound node from automatic layout, while the node itself is still considered on its own layer, use the 'Fixed Layout' algorithm for that node."),false),T5c),wI),qqb(K5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[I5c,M5c,J5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,wse),''),'Scale Factor'),"The scaling factor to be applied to the corresponding node in recursive layout. It causes the corresponding node's size to be adjusted, and its ports and labels to be sized and placed accordingly after the layout of that node has been determined (and before the node itself and its siblings are arranged). The scaling is not reverted afterwards, so the resulting layout graph contains the adjusted size and position data. This option is currently not supported if 'Layout Hierarchy' is set."),1),U5c),BI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,xse),''),'Animate'),'Whether the shift from the old layout to the new computed layout shall be animated.'),true),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,yse),''),'Animation Time Factor'),"Factor for computation of animation time. The higher the value, the longer the animation time. If the value is 0, the resulting time is always equal to the minimum defined by 'Minimal Animation Time'."),meb(100)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,zse),''),'Layout Ancestors'),'Whether the hierarchy levels on the path from the selected element to the root of the diagram shall be included in the layout process.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ase),''),'Maximal Animation Time'),'The maximal time for animations, in milliseconds.'),meb(4000)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Bse),''),'Minimal Animation Time'),'The minimal time for animations, in milliseconds.'),meb(400)),X5c),JI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Cse),''),'Progress Bar'),'Whether a progress bar shall be displayed during layout computations.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Dse),''),'Validate Graph'),'Whether the graph shall be validated before any layout algorithm is applied. If this option is enabled and at least one error is found, the layout process is aborted and a message is shown to the user.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ese),''),'Validate Options'),'Whether layout options shall be validated before any layout algorithm is applied. If this option is enabled and at least one error is found, the layout process is aborted and a message is shown to the user.'),true),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Fse),''),'Zoom to Fit'),'Whether the zoom level shall be set to view the whole diagram after layout.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,rse),'box'),'Box Layout Mode'),'Configures the packing mode used by the {@link BoxLayoutProvider}. If SIMPLE is not required (neither priorities are used nor the interactive mode), GROUP_DEC can improve the packing and decrease the area. GROUP_MIXED and GROUP_INC may, in very specific scenarios, work better.'),u8c),V5c),O1),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Lpe),zpe),'Comment Comment Spacing'),'Spacing to be preserved between a comment box and other comment boxes connected to the same node. The space left between comment boxes of different nodes is controlled by the node-node spacing.'),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Mpe),zpe),'Comment Node Spacing'),'Spacing to be preserved between a node and its connected comment boxes. The space left between a node and the comments of another node is controlled by the node-node spacing.'),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Zle),zpe),'Components Spacing'),"Spacing to be preserved between pairs of connected components. This option is only relevant if 'separateConnectedComponents' is activated."),20),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Npe),zpe),'Edge Spacing'),'Spacing to be preserved between any two edges. Note that while this can somewhat easily be satisfied for the segments of orthogonally drawn edges, it is harder for general polylines or splines.'),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,xme),zpe),'Edge Label Spacing'),"The minimal distance to be preserved between a label and the edge it is associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'edgelabels.placement' option."),2),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ope),zpe),'Edge Node Spacing'),'Spacing to be preserved between nodes and edges.'),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ppe),zpe),'Label Spacing'),'Determines the amount of space to be left between two labels of the same graph element.'),0),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Spe),zpe),'Label Node Spacing'),"Spacing to be preserved between labels and the border of node they are associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'nodelabels.placement' option."),5),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Qpe),zpe),'Horizontal spacing between Label and Port'),"Horizontal spacing to be preserved between labels and the ports they are associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'portlabels.placement' option."),1),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Rpe),zpe),'Vertical spacing between Label and Port'),"Vertical spacing to be preserved between labels and the ports they are associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'portlabels.placement' option."),1),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,wme),zpe),'Node Spacing'),'The minimal distance to be preserved between each two nodes.'),20),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Tpe),zpe),'Node Self Loop Spacing'),'Spacing to be preserved between a node and its self loops.'),10),U5c),BI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Upe),zpe),'Port Spacing'),'Spacing between pairs of ports of the same node.'),10),U5c),BI),qqb(L5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[K5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Vpe),zpe),'Individual Spacing'),"Allows to specify individual spacing values for graph elements that shall be different from the value specified for the element's parent."),Y5c),i2),qqb(K5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[I5c,M5c,J5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,wqe),zpe),'Additional Port Space'),'Additional space around the sets of ports on each node side. For each side of a node, this option can reserve additional space before and after the ports on each side. For example, a top spacing of 20 makes sure that the first port on the western and eastern side is 20 units away from the northern border.'),W9c),Y5c),i1),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,tqe),Jse),'Layout Partition'),'Partition to which the node belongs. This requires Layout Partitioning to be active. Nodes with lower partition IDs will appear to the left of nodes with higher partition IDs (assuming a left-to-right layout direction).'),X5c),JI),qqb(L5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[K5c])))));o4c(a,tqe,sqe,k9c);t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,sqe),Jse),'Layout Partitioning'),'Whether to activate partitioned layout. This will allow to group nodes through the Layout Partition option. a pair of nodes with different partition indices is then placed such that the node with lower index is placed to the left of the other node (with left-to-right layout direction). Depending on the layout algorithm, this may only be guaranteed to work if all nodes have a layout partition configured, or at least if edges that cross partitions are not part of a partition-crossing cycle.'),i9c),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,dqe),Kse),'Node Label Padding'),'Define padding for node labels that are placed inside of a node.'),V8c),Y5c),j1),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Gme),Kse),'Node Label Placement'),"Hints for where node labels are to be placed; if empty, the node label's position is not modified."),X8c),W5c),B1),qqb(K5c,OC(GC(e1,1),Kie,175,0,[J5c])))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,gqe),Lse),'Port Alignment'),'Defines the default port distribution for a node. May be overridden for each side individually.'),m9c),V5c),C1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,hqe),Lse),'Port Alignment (North)'),"Defines how ports on the northern side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),V5c),C1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,iqe),Lse),'Port Alignment (South)'),"Defines how ports on the southern side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),V5c),C1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,jqe),Lse),'Port Alignment (West)'),"Defines how ports on the western side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),V5c),C1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,kqe),Lse),'Port Alignment (East)'),"Defines how ports on the eastern side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),V5c),C1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Fme),Mse),'Node Size Constraints'),"What should be taken into account when calculating a node's size. Empty size constraints specify that a node's size is already fixed and should not be changed."),Z8c),W5c),I1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Eme),Mse),'Node Size Options'),'Options modifying the behavior of the size constraints set on a node. Each member of the set specifies something that should be taken into account when calculating node sizes. The empty set corresponds to no further modifications.'),c9c),W5c),J1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Tme),Mse),'Node Size Minimum'),'The minimal size to which a node can be reduced.'),a9c),Y5c),m1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,bqe),Mse),'Fixed Graph Size'),"By default, the fixed layout provider will enlarge a graph until it is large enough to contain its children. If this option is set, it won't do so."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(L5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,nqe),Jpe),'Edge Label Placement'),'Gives a hint on where to put edge labels.'),D8c),V5c),u1),pqb(J5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Cme),Jpe),'Inline Edge Labels'),"If true, an edge label is placed directly on its edge. May only apply to center edge labels. This kind of label placement is only advisable if the label's rendering is such that it is not crossed by its edge and thus stays legible."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(J5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Gse),'font'),'Font Name'),'Font name used for a label.'),Z5c),ZI),pqb(J5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Hse),'font'),'Font Size'),'Font size used for a label.'),X5c),JI),pqb(J5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,rqe),Nse),'Port Anchor Offset'),'The offset to the port position where connections shall be attached.'),Y5c),m1),pqb(M5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,oqe),Nse),'Port Index'),"The index of a port in the fixed order around a node. The order is assumed as clockwise, starting with the leftmost port on the top side. This option must be set if 'Port Constraints' is set to FIXED_ORDER and no specific positions are given for the ports. Additionally, the option 'Port Side' must be defined in this case."),X5c),JI),pqb(M5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Ype),Nse),'Port Side'),"The side of a node on which a port is situated. This option must be set if 'Port Constraints' is set to FIXED_SIDE or FIXED_ORDER and no specific positions are given for the ports."),B9c),V5c),F1),pqb(M5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Wpe),Nse),'Port Border Offset'),"The offset of ports on the node border. With a positive offset the port is moved outside of the node, while with a negative offset the port is moved towards the inside. An offset of 0 means that the port is placed directly on the node border, i.e. if the port side is north, the port's south border touches the nodes's north border; if the port side is east, the port's west border touches the nodes's east border; if the port side is south, the port's north border touches the node's south border; if the port side is west, the port's east border touches the node's west border."),U5c),BI),pqb(M5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,Hme),Ose),'Port Label Placement'),"Decides on a placement method for port labels; if empty, the node label's position is not modified."),y9c),W5c),E1),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,eqe),Ose),'Port Labels Next to Port'),"Use 'portLabels.placement': NEXT_TO_PORT_OF_POSSIBLE."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,fqe),Ose),'Treat Port Labels as Group'),'If this option is true (default), the labels of a port will be treated as a group when it comes to centering them next to their port. If this option is false, only the first label will be centered next to the port, with the others being placed below. This only applies to labels of eastern and western ports and will have no effect if labels are not placed next to their port.'),true),T5c),wI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,_pe),Pse),'Activate Inside Self Loops'),"Whether this node allows to route self loops inside of it instead of around it. If set to true, this will make the node a compound node if it isn't already, and will require the layout algorithm to support compound nodes with hierarchical ports."),false),T5c),wI),pqb(K5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,aqe),Pse),'Inside Self Loop'),'Whether a self loop should be routed inside a node instead of around that node.'),false),T5c),wI),pqb(I5c))));t4c(a,new p5c(F5c(E5c(G5c(y5c(z5c(D5c(A5c(B5c(new H5c,$le),'edge'),'Edge Thickness'),'The thickness of an edge. 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T2=mdb(rte,'ElkShapeImpl',724);bcb(725,724,{105:1,413:1,82:1,160:1,470:1,94:1,92:1,90:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,114:1,115:1});_._g=function Bld(a,b,c){return uld(this,a,b,c)};_.hh=function Cld(a,b,c){return vld(this,a,b,c)};_.jh=function Dld(a,b,c){return wld(this,a,b,c)};_.lh=function Eld(a){return xld(this,a)};_.sh=function Fld(a,b){yld(this,a,b)};_.zh=function Gld(){return Thd(),Jhd};_.Bh=function Hld(a){zld(this,a)};_.xg=function Ild(){return !this.d&&(this.d=new y5d(B2,this,8,5)),this.d};_.yg=function Jld(){return !this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(B2,this,7,4)),this.e};var J2=mdb(rte,'ElkConnectableShapeImpl',725);bcb(352,723,{105:1,413:1,79:1,160:1,352:1,94:1,92:1,90:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,114:1,115:1},Tld);_.Qg=function Uld(a){return Lld(this,a)};_._g=function Vld(a,b,c){switch(a){case 3:return Mld(this);case 4:return !this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),this.b;case 5:return !this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),this.c;case 6:return !this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(A2,this,6,6)),this.a;case 7:return Bcb(),!this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),this.b.i<=1&&(!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),this.c.i<=1)?false:true;case 8:return Bcb(),Pld(this)?true:false;case 9:return Bcb(),Qld(this)?true:false;case 10:return Bcb(),!this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),this.b.i!=0&&(!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),this.c.i!=0)?true:false;}return Ekd(this,a,b,c)};_.hh=function Wld(a,b,c){var d;switch(b){case 3:!!this.Cb&&(c=(d=this.Db>>16,d>=0?Lld(this,c):this.Cb.ih(this,-1-d,null,c)));return Kld(this,BD(a,33),c);case 4:return !this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),Sxd(this.b,a,c);case 5:return !this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),Sxd(this.c,a,c);case 6:return !this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(A2,this,6,6)),Sxd(this.a,a,c);}return Fkd(this,a,b,c)};_.jh=function Xld(a,b,c){switch(b){case 3:return Kld(this,null,c);case 4:return !this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),Txd(this.b,a,c);case 5:return !this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),Txd(this.c,a,c);case 6:return !this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(A2,this,6,6)),Txd(this.a,a,c);}return Gkd(this,a,b,c)};_.lh=function Yld(a){switch(a){case 3:return !!Mld(this);case 4:return !!this.b&&this.b.i!=0;case 5:return !!this.c&&this.c.i!=0;case 6:return !!this.a&&this.a.i!=0;case 7:return !this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),!(this.b.i<=1&&(!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),this.c.i<=1));case 8:return Pld(this);case 9:return Qld(this);case 10:return !this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7)),this.b.i!=0&&(!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8)),this.c.i!=0);}return Hkd(this,a)};_.sh=function Zld(a,b){switch(a){case 3:Rld(this,BD(b,33));return;case 4:!this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7));Uxd(this.b);!this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7));ytd(this.b,BD(b,14));return;case 5:!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8));Uxd(this.c);!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8));ytd(this.c,BD(b,14));return;case 6:!this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(A2,this,6,6));Uxd(this.a);!this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(A2,this,6,6));ytd(this.a,BD(b,14));return;}Ikd(this,a,b)};_.zh=function $ld(){return Thd(),Khd};_.Bh=function _ld(a){switch(a){case 3:Rld(this,null);return;case 4:!this.b&&(this.b=new y5d(z2,this,4,7));Uxd(this.b);return;case 5:!this.c&&(this.c=new y5d(z2,this,5,8));Uxd(this.c);return;case 6:!this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(A2,this,6,6));Uxd(this.a);return;}Jkd(this,a)};_.Ib=function amd(){return Sld(this)};var K2=mdb(rte,'ElkEdgeImpl',352);bcb(439,1985,{105:1,413:1,202:1,439:1,94:1,92:1,90:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,114:1,115:1},rmd);_.Qg=function smd(a){return cmd(this,a)};_._g=function tmd(a,b,c){switch(a){case 1:return this.j;case 2:return this.k;case 3:return this.b;case 4:return this.c;case 5:return !this.a&&(this.a=new xMd(y2,this,5)),this.a;case 6:return fmd(this);case 7:if(b)return emd(this);return this.i;case 8:if(b)return dmd(this);return this.f;case 9:return !this.g&&(this.g=new y5d(A2,this,9,10)),this.g;case 10:return !this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(A2,this,10,9)),this.e;case 11:return this.d;}return bkd(this,a,b,c)};_.hh=function umd(a,b,c){var d,e,f;switch(b){case 6:!!this.Cb&&(c=(e=this.Db>>16,e>=0?cmd(this,c):this.Cb.ih(this,-1-e,null,c)));return bmd(this,BD(a,79),c);case 9:return !this.g&&(this.g=new y5d(A2,this,9,10)),Sxd(this.g,a,c);case 10:return !this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(A2,this,10,9)),Sxd(this.e,a,c);}return f=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?(Thd(),Lhd):d),b),66),f.Nj().Qj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd((Thd(),Lhd)),a,c)};_.jh=function vmd(a,b,c){switch(b){case 5:return !this.a&&(this.a=new xMd(y2,this,5)),Txd(this.a,a,c);case 6:return bmd(this,null,c);case 9:return !this.g&&(this.g=new y5d(A2,this,9,10)),Txd(this.g,a,c);case 10:return !this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(A2,this,10,9)),Txd(this.e,a,c);}return ckd(this,a,b,c)};_.lh=function wmd(a){switch(a){case 1:return this.j!=0;case 2:return this.k!=0;case 3:return this.b!=0;case 4:return this.c!=0;case 5:return !!this.a&&this.a.i!=0;case 6:return !!fmd(this);case 7:return !!this.i;case 8:return !!this.f;case 9:return !!this.g&&this.g.i!=0;case 10:return !!this.e&&this.e.i!=0;case 11:return this.d!=null;}return dkd(this,a)};_.sh=function xmd(a,b){switch(a){case 1:omd(this,Edb(ED(b)));return;case 2:pmd(this,Edb(ED(b)));return;case 3:hmd(this,Edb(ED(b)));return;case 4:imd(this,Edb(ED(b)));return;case 5:!this.a&&(this.a=new xMd(y2,this,5));Uxd(this.a);!this.a&&(this.a=new xMd(y2,this,5));ytd(this.a,BD(b,14));return;case 6:mmd(this,BD(b,79));return;case 7:lmd(this,BD(b,82));return;case 8:kmd(this,BD(b,82));return;case 9:!this.g&&(this.g=new y5d(A2,this,9,10));Uxd(this.g);!this.g&&(this.g=new y5d(A2,this,9,10));ytd(this.g,BD(b,14));return;case 10:!this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(A2,this,10,9));Uxd(this.e);!this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(A2,this,10,9));ytd(this.e,BD(b,14));return;case 11:jmd(this,GD(b));return;}ekd(this,a,b)};_.zh=function ymd(){return Thd(),Lhd};_.Bh=function zmd(a){switch(a){case 1:omd(this,0);return;case 2:pmd(this,0);return;case 3:hmd(this,0);return;case 4:imd(this,0);return;case 5:!this.a&&(this.a=new xMd(y2,this,5));Uxd(this.a);return;case 6:mmd(this,null);return;case 7:lmd(this,null);return;case 8:kmd(this,null);return;case 9:!this.g&&(this.g=new y5d(A2,this,9,10));Uxd(this.g);return;case 10:!this.e&&(this.e=new y5d(A2,this,10,9));Uxd(this.e);return;case 11:jmd(this,null);return;}fkd(this,a)};_.Ib=function Amd(){return qmd(this)};_.b=0;_.c=0;_.d=null;_.j=0;_.k=0;var L2=mdb(rte,'ElkEdgeSectionImpl',439);bcb(150,115,{105:1,92:1,90:1,147:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,114:1,115:1});_._g=function Emd(a,b,c){var d;if(a==0){return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab}return bid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),a),b,c)};_.hh=function Fmd(a,b,c){var d,e;if(b==0){return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Sxd(this.Ab,a,c)}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),b),66),e.Nj().Qj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd(this.zh()),a,c)};_.jh=function Gmd(a,b,c){var d,e;if(b==0){return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Txd(this.Ab,a,c)}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),b),66),e.Nj().Rj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd(this.zh()),a,c)};_.lh=function Hmd(a){var b;if(a==0){return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0}return cid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.oh=function Imd(a){return Bmd(this,a)};_.sh=function Jmd(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;}did(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?this.zh():c),a),b)};_.uh=function Kmd(a){Cjd(this,128,a)};_.zh=function Lmd(){return jGd(),ZFd};_.Bh=function Mmd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;}eid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.Gh=function Nmd(){this.Bb|=1};_.Hh=function Omd(a){return Dmd(this,a)};_.Bb=0;var f6=mdb(qte,'EModelElementImpl',150);bcb(704,150,{105:1,92:1,90:1,471:1,147:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,114:1,115:1},$md);_.Ih=function _md(a,b){return Vmd(this,a,b)};_.Jh=function and(a){var b,c,d,e,f;if(this.a!=bKd(a)||(a.Bb&256)!=0){throw vbb(new Wdb(xte+a.zb+ute))}for(d=_Kd(a);VKd(d.a).i!=0;){c=BD(nOd(d,0,(b=BD(qud(VKd(d.a),0),87),f=b.c,JD(f,88)?BD(f,26):(jGd(),_Fd))),26);if(dKd(c)){e=bKd(c).Nh().Jh(c);BD(e,49).th(a);return e}d=_Kd(c)}return (a.D!=null?a.D:a.B)=='java.util.Map$Entry'?new lHd(a):new _Gd(a)};_.Kh=function bnd(a,b){return Wmd(this,a,b)};_._g=function cnd(a,b,c){var d;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.a;}return bid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),WFd)),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?WFd:d),a),b,c)};_.hh=function dnd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Sxd(this.Ab,a,c);case 1:!!this.a&&(c=BD(this.a,49).ih(this,4,o5,c));return Tmd(this,BD(a,235),c);}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?(jGd(),WFd):d),b),66),e.Nj().Qj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd((jGd(),WFd)),a,c)};_.jh=function end(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Txd(this.Ab,a,c);case 1:return Tmd(this,null,c);}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?(jGd(),WFd):d),b),66),e.Nj().Rj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd((jGd(),WFd)),a,c)};_.lh=function fnd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0;case 1:return !!this.a;}return cid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),WFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?WFd:b),a))};_.sh=function gnd(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:Ymd(this,BD(b,235));return;}did(this,a-aLd((jGd(),WFd)),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?WFd:c),a),b)};_.zh=function hnd(){return jGd(),WFd};_.Bh=function ind(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 1:Ymd(this,null);return;}eid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),WFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?WFd:b),a))};var Pmd,Qmd,Rmd;var d6=mdb(qte,'EFactoryImpl',704);bcb(zte,704,{105:1,2014:1,92:1,90:1,471:1,147:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,114:1,115:1},knd);_.Ih=function lnd(a,b){switch(a.yj()){case 12:return BD(b,146).tg();case 13:return fcb(b);default:throw vbb(new Wdb(tte+a.ne()+ute));}};_.Jh=function mnd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i;switch(a.G==-1&&(a.G=(b=bKd(a),b?HLd(b.Mh(),a):-1)),a.G){case 4:return f=new Jod,f;case 6:return g=new apd,g;case 7:return h=new ppd,h;case 8:return d=new Tld,d;case 9:return c=new xkd,c;case 10:return e=new rmd,e;case 11:return i=new Bpd,i;default:throw vbb(new Wdb(xte+a.zb+ute));}};_.Kh=function nnd(a,b){switch(a.yj()){case 13:case 12:return null;default:throw vbb(new Wdb(tte+a.ne()+ute));}};var N2=mdb(rte,'ElkGraphFactoryImpl',zte);bcb(438,150,{105:1,92:1,90:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,114:1,115:1});_.Wg=function rnd(){var a,b;b=(a=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),pNd(TKd(!a?this.zh():a)));return b==null?(nRd(),nRd(),mRd):new GRd(this,b)};_._g=function snd(a,b,c){var d;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.ne();}return bid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),a),b,c)};_.lh=function tnd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0;case 1:return this.zb!=null;}return cid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.sh=function und(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:this.Lh(GD(b));return;}did(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?this.zh():c),a),b)};_.zh=function vnd(){return jGd(),$Fd};_.Bh=function wnd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 1:this.Lh(null);return;}eid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.ne=function xnd(){return this.zb};_.Lh=function ynd(a){pnd(this,a)};_.Ib=function znd(){return qnd(this)};_.zb=null;var j6=mdb(qte,'ENamedElementImpl',438);bcb(179,438,{105:1,92:1,90:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,235:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,179:1,114:1,115:1,675:1},eod);_.Qg=function god(a){return Snd(this,a)};_._g=function hod(a,b,c){var d;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.zb;case 2:return this.yb;case 3:return this.xb;case 4:return this.sb;case 5:return !this.rb&&(this.rb=new jUd(this,d5,this)),this.rb;case 6:return !this.vb&&(this.vb=new gUd(o5,this,6,7)),this.vb;case 7:if(b)return this.Db>>16==7?BD(this.Cb,235):null;return Ind(this);}return bid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),cGd)),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?cGd:d),a),b,c)};_.hh=function iod(a,b,c){var d,e,f;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Sxd(this.Ab,a,c);case 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9:c=xId(this,null,null);!!c&&c.Fi();return;}eid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.Gh=function MId(){wId(this);this.Bb|=1};_.Yj=function NId(){return wId(this)};_.Zj=function OId(){return this.t};_.$j=function PId(){var a;return a=this.t,a>1||a==-1};_.hi=function QId(){return (this.Bb&512)!=0};_.nk=function RId(a,b){return zId(this,a,b)};_.ok=function SId(a){DId(this,a)};_.Ib=function TId(){return EId(this)};_.s=0;_.t=1;var v7=mdb(qte,'ETypedElementImpl',284);bcb(449,284,{105:1,92:1,90:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,170:1,66:1,108:1,472:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,449:1,284:1,114:1,115:1,677:1});_.Qg=function iJd(a){return UId(this,a)};_._g=function jJd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.zb;case 2:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&256)!=0?true:false;case 3:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&512)!=0?true:false;case 4:return meb(this.s);case 5:return meb(this.t);case 6:return Bcb(),this.$j()?true:false;case 7:return Bcb(),e=this.s,e>=1?true:false;case 8:if(b)return wId(this);return this.r;case 9:return this.q;case 10:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&zte)!=0?true:false;case 11:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&Dve)!=0?true:false;case 12:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&Rje)!=0?true:false;case 13:return this.j;case 14:return VId(this);case 15:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?true:false;case 16:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&oie)!=0?true:false;case 17:return WId(this);}return bid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),a),b,c)};_.hh=function kJd(a,b,c){var d,e,f;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Sxd(this.Ab,a,c);case 17:!!this.Cb&&(c=(e=this.Db>>16,e>=0?UId(this,c):this.Cb.ih(this,-1-e,null,c)));return _hd(this,a,17,c);}return f=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),b),66),f.Nj().Qj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd(this.zh()),a,c)};_.jh=function lJd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Txd(this.Ab,a,c);case 9:return vId(this,c);case 17:return _hd(this,null,17,c);}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),b),66),e.Nj().Rj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd(this.zh()),a,c)};_.lh=function mJd(a){var b,c;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0;case 1:return this.zb!=null;case 2:return (this.Bb&256)==0;case 3:return (this.Bb&512)==0;case 4:return this.s!=0;case 5:return this.t!=1;case 6:return this.$j();case 7:return c=this.s,c>=1;case 8:return !!this.r&&!this.q.e&&LQd(this.q).i==0;case 9:return !!this.q&&!(!!this.r&&!this.q.e&&LQd(this.q).i==0);case 10:return (this.Bb&zte)==0;case 11:return (this.Bb&Dve)!=0;case 12:return (this.Bb&Rje)!=0;case 13:return this.j!=null;case 14:return VId(this)!=null;case 15:return (this.Bb&Cve)!=0;case 16:return (this.Bb&oie)!=0;case 17:return !!WId(this);}return cid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.sh=function nJd(a,b){var c,d;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:cJd(this,GD(b));return;case 2:BId(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 3:CId(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 4:AId(this,BD(b,19).a);return;case 5:this.ok(BD(b,19).a);return;case 8:yId(this,BD(b,138));return;case 9:d=xId(this,BD(b,87),null);!!d&&d.Fi();return;case 10:ZId(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 11:fJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 12:dJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 13:$Id(this,GD(b));return;case 15:eJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 16:aJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;}did(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?this.zh():c),a),b)};_.zh=function oJd(){return jGd(),gGd};_.Bh=function pJd(a){var b,c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 1:JD(this.Cb,88)&&XMd($Kd(BD(this.Cb,88)),4);pnd(this,null);return;case 2:BId(this,true);return;case 3:CId(this,true);return;case 4:AId(this,0);return;case 5:this.ok(1);return;case 8:yId(this,null);return;case 9:c=xId(this,null,null);!!c&&c.Fi();return;case 10:ZId(this,true);return;case 11:fJd(this,false);return;case 12:dJd(this,false);return;case 13:this.i=null;_Id(this,null);return;case 15:eJd(this,false);return;case 16:aJd(this,false);return;}eid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.Gh=function qJd(){a2d(q1d((O6d(),M6d),this));wId(this);this.Bb|=1};_.Gj=function rJd(){return this.f};_.zj=function sJd(){return VId(this)};_.Hj=function tJd(){return WId(this)};_.Lj=function uJd(){return null};_.pk=function vJd(){return this.k};_.aj=function wJd(){return this.n};_.Mj=function xJd(){return XId(this)};_.Nj=function yJd(){var a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i;if(!this.p){c=WId(this);(c.i==null&&TKd(c),c.i).length;d=this.Lj();!!d&&aLd(WId(d));e=wId(this);g=e.Bj();a=!g?null:(g.i&1)!=0?g==sbb?wI:g==WD?JI:g==VD?FI:g==UD?BI:g==XD?MI:g==rbb?UI:g==SD?xI:yI:g;b=VId(this);h=e.zj();n6d(this);(this.Bb&oie)!=0&&(!!(f=t1d((O6d(),M6d),c))&&f!=this||!!(f=_1d(q1d(M6d,this))))?(this.p=new zVd(this,f)):this.$j()?this.rk()?!d?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?this.sk()?(this.p=new KVd(42,this)):(this.p=new KVd(0,this)):a==CK?(this.p=new IVd(50,J4,this)):this.sk()?(this.p=new IVd(43,a,this)):(this.p=new IVd(1,a,this)):!a?this.sk()?(this.p=new KVd(44,this)):(this.p=new KVd(2,this)):a==CK?(this.p=new IVd(41,J4,this)):this.sk()?(this.p=new IVd(45,a,this)):(this.p=new IVd(3,a,this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?this.sk()?(this.p=new LVd(46,this,d)):(this.p=new LVd(4,this,d)):this.sk()?(this.p=new JVd(47,a,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(5,a,this,d)):!a?this.sk()?(this.p=new LVd(48,this,d)):(this.p=new LVd(6,this,d)):this.sk()?(this.p=new JVd(49,a,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(7,a,this,d)):JD(e,148)?a==E9?(this.p=new KVd(40,this)):(this.Bb&512)!=0?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new KVd(8,this)):(this.p=new IVd(9,a,this)):!a?(this.p=new KVd(10,this)):(this.p=new IVd(11,a,this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new KVd(12,this)):(this.p=new IVd(13,a,this)):!a?(this.p=new KVd(14,this)):(this.p=new IVd(15,a,this)):!d?this.sk()?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new KVd(16,this)):(this.p=new IVd(17,a,this)):!a?(this.p=new KVd(18,this)):(this.p=new IVd(19,a,this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new KVd(20,this)):(this.p=new IVd(21,a,this)):!a?(this.p=new KVd(22,this)):(this.p=new IVd(23,a,this)):(i=d.t,i>1||i==-1?this.sk()?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new LVd(24,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(25,a,this,d)):!a?(this.p=new LVd(26,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(27,a,this,d)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new LVd(28,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(29,a,this,d)):!a?(this.p=new LVd(30,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(31,a,this,d)):this.sk()?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new LVd(32,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(33,a,this,d)):!a?(this.p=new LVd(34,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(35,a,this,d)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new LVd(36,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(37,a,this,d)):!a?(this.p=new LVd(38,this,d)):(this.p=new JVd(39,a,this,d))):this.qk()?this.sk()?(this.p=new kWd(BD(e,26),this,d)):(this.p=new cWd(BD(e,26),this,d)):JD(e,148)?a==E9?(this.p=new KVd(40,this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?!a?(this.p=new jXd(BD(e,148),b,h,this)):(this.p=new lXd(b,h,this,(CWd(),g==WD?yWd:g==sbb?tWd:g==XD?zWd:g==VD?xWd:g==UD?wWd:g==rbb?BWd:g==SD?uWd:g==TD?vWd:AWd))):!a?(this.p=new cXd(BD(e,148),b,h,this)):(this.p=new eXd(b,h,this,(CWd(),g==WD?yWd:g==sbb?tWd:g==XD?zWd:g==VD?xWd:g==UD?wWd:g==rbb?BWd:g==SD?uWd:g==TD?vWd:AWd))):this.rk()?!d?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?this.sk()?(this.p=new FXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.p=new DXd(BD(e,26),this)):this.sk()?(this.p=new BXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.p=new zXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?this.sk()?(this.p=new NXd(BD(e,26),this,d)):(this.p=new LXd(BD(e,26),this,d)):this.sk()?(this.p=new JXd(BD(e,26),this,d)):(this.p=new HXd(BD(e,26),this,d)):this.sk()?!d?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?(this.p=new RXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.p=new PXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?(this.p=new VXd(BD(e,26),this,d)):(this.p=new TXd(BD(e,26),this,d)):!d?(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?(this.p=new XXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.p=new nXd(BD(e,26),this)):(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?(this.p=new _Xd(BD(e,26),this,d)):(this.p=new ZXd(BD(e,26),this,d))}return this.p};_.Ij=function zJd(){return (this.Bb&zte)!=0};_.qk=function AJd(){return false};_.rk=function BJd(){return false};_.Jj=function CJd(){return (this.Bb&oie)!=0};_.Oj=function DJd(){return YId(this)};_.sk=function EJd(){return false};_.Kj=function FJd(){return (this.Bb&Cve)!=0};_.tk=function GJd(a){this.k=a};_.Lh=function HJd(a){cJd(this,a)};_.Ib=function IJd(){return gJd(this)};_.e=false;_.n=0;var n7=mdb(qte,'EStructuralFeatureImpl',449);bcb(322,449,{105:1,92:1,90:1,34:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,170:1,66:1,108:1,472:1,49:1,97:1,322:1,150:1,449:1,284:1,114:1,115:1,677:1},OJd);_._g=function PJd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.zb;case 2:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&256)!=0?true:false;case 3:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&512)!=0?true:false;case 4:return meb(this.s);case 5:return meb(this.t);case 6:return Bcb(),LJd(this)?true:false;case 7:return Bcb(),e=this.s,e>=1?true:false;case 8:if(b)return wId(this);return this.r;case 9:return this.q;case 10:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&zte)!=0?true:false;case 11:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&Dve)!=0?true:false;case 12:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&Rje)!=0?true:false;case 13:return this.j;case 14:return VId(this);case 15:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&Cve)!=0?true:false;case 16:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&oie)!=0?true:false;case 17:return WId(this);case 18:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&ote)!=0?true:false;case 19:if(b)return KJd(this);return JJd(this);}return bid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),PFd)),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?PFd:d),a),b,c)};_.lh=function QJd(a){var b,c;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0;case 1:return this.zb!=null;case 2:return (this.Bb&256)==0;case 3:return (this.Bb&512)==0;case 4:return this.s!=0;case 5:return this.t!=1;case 6:return LJd(this);case 7:return c=this.s,c>=1;case 8:return !!this.r&&!this.q.e&&LQd(this.q).i==0;case 9:return !!this.q&&!(!!this.r&&!this.q.e&&LQd(this.q).i==0);case 10:return (this.Bb&zte)==0;case 11:return (this.Bb&Dve)!=0;case 12:return (this.Bb&Rje)!=0;case 13:return this.j!=null;case 14:return VId(this)!=null;case 15:return (this.Bb&Cve)!=0;case 16:return (this.Bb&oie)!=0;case 17:return !!WId(this);case 18:return (this.Bb&ote)!=0;case 19:return !!JJd(this);}return cid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),PFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?PFd:b),a))};_.sh=function RJd(a,b){var c,d;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:cJd(this,GD(b));return;case 2:BId(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 3:CId(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 4:AId(this,BD(b,19).a);return;case 5:NJd(this,BD(b,19).a);return;case 8:yId(this,BD(b,138));return;case 9:d=xId(this,BD(b,87),null);!!d&&d.Fi();return;case 10:ZId(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 11:fJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 12:dJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 13:$Id(this,GD(b));return;case 15:eJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 16:aJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 18:MJd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;}did(this,a-aLd((jGd(),PFd)),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?PFd:c),a),b)};_.zh=function SJd(){return jGd(),PFd};_.Bh=function TJd(a){var b,c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 1:JD(this.Cb,88)&&XMd($Kd(BD(this.Cb,88)),4);pnd(this,null);return;case 2:BId(this,true);return;case 3:CId(this,true);return;case 4:AId(this,0);return;case 5:this.b=0;DId(this,1);return;case 8:yId(this,null);return;case 9:c=xId(this,null,null);!!c&&c.Fi();return;case 10:ZId(this,true);return;case 11:fJd(this,false);return;case 12:dJd(this,false);return;case 13:this.i=null;_Id(this,null);return;case 15:eJd(this,false);return;case 16:aJd(this,false);return;case 18:MJd(this,false);return;}eid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),PFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?PFd:b),a))};_.Gh=function UJd(){KJd(this);a2d(q1d((O6d(),M6d),this));wId(this);this.Bb|=1};_.$j=function VJd(){return LJd(this)};_.nk=function WJd(a,b){this.b=0;this.a=null;return zId(this,a,b)};_.ok=function XJd(a){NJd(this,a)};_.Ib=function YJd(){var a;if((this.Db&64)!=0)return gJd(this);a=new Jfb(gJd(this));a.a+=' (iD: ';Ffb(a,(this.Bb&ote)!=0);a.a+=')';return a.a};_.b=0;var H5=mdb(qte,'EAttributeImpl',322);bcb(351,438,{105:1,92:1,90:1,138:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,351:1,150:1,114:1,115:1,676:1});_.uk=function nKd(a){return a.Tg()==this};_.Qg=function oKd(a){return aKd(this,a)};_.Rg=function pKd(a,b){this.w=null;this.Db=b<<16|this.Db&255;this.Cb=a};_._g=function qKd(a,b,c){var d;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.zb;case 2:return this.D!=null?this.D:this.B;case 3:return dKd(this);case 4:return this.zj();case 5:return this.F;case 6:if(b)return bKd(this);return ZJd(this);case 7:return !this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7)),this.A;}return bid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),a),b,c)};_.hh=function rKd(a,b,c){var d,e,f;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Sxd(this.Ab,a,c);case 6:!!this.Cb&&(c=(e=this.Db>>16,e>=0?aKd(this,c):this.Cb.ih(this,-1-e,null,c)));return _hd(this,a,6,c);}return f=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),b),66),f.Nj().Qj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd(this.zh()),a,c)};_.jh=function sKd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Txd(this.Ab,a,c);case 6:return _hd(this,null,6,c);case 7:return !this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7)),Txd(this.A,a,c);}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?this.zh():d),b),66),e.Nj().Rj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd(this.zh()),a,c)};_.lh=function tKd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0;case 1:return this.zb!=null;case 2:return this.D!=null&&this.D==this.F;case 3:return !!dKd(this);case 4:return this.zj()!=null;case 5:return this.F!=null&&this.F!=this.D&&this.F!=this.B;case 6:return !!ZJd(this);case 7:return !!this.A&&this.A.i!=0;}return cid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.sh=function uKd(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:lKd(this,GD(b));return;case 2:iKd(this,GD(b));return;case 5:kKd(this,GD(b));return;case 7:!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));Uxd(this.A);!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));ytd(this.A,BD(b,14));return;}did(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?this.zh():c),a),b)};_.zh=function vKd(){return jGd(),RFd};_.Bh=function wKd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 1:JD(this.Cb,179)&&(BD(this.Cb,179).tb=null);pnd(this,null);return;case 2:$Jd(this,null);_Jd(this,this.D);return;case 5:kKd(this,null);return;case 7:!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));Uxd(this.A);return;}eid(this,a-aLd(this.zh()),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?this.zh():b),a))};_.yj=function xKd(){var a;return this.G==-1&&(this.G=(a=bKd(this),a?HLd(a.Mh(),this):-1)),this.G};_.zj=function yKd(){return null};_.Aj=function zKd(){return bKd(this)};_.vk=function AKd(){return this.v};_.Bj=function BKd(){return dKd(this)};_.Cj=function CKd(){return this.D!=null?this.D:this.B};_.Dj=function DKd(){return this.F};_.wj=function EKd(a){return fKd(this,a)};_.wk=function FKd(a){this.v=a};_.xk=function GKd(a){gKd(this,a)};_.yk=function HKd(a){this.C=a};_.Lh=function IKd(a){lKd(this,a)};_.Ib=function JKd(){return mKd(this)};_.C=null;_.D=null;_.G=-1;var Z5=mdb(qte,'EClassifierImpl',351);bcb(88,351,{105:1,92:1,90:1,26:1,138:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,88:1,351:1,150:1,473:1,114:1,115:1,676:1},hLd);_.uk=function iLd(a){return dLd(this,a.Tg())};_._g=function jLd(a,b,c){var d;switch(a){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),this.Ab;case 1:return this.zb;case 2:return this.D!=null?this.D:this.B;case 3:return dKd(this);case 4:return null;case 5:return this.F;case 6:if(b)return bKd(this);return ZJd(this);case 7:return !this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7)),this.A;case 8:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&256)!=0?true:false;case 9:return Bcb(),(this.Bb&512)!=0?true:false;case 10:return _Kd(this);case 11:return !this.q&&(this.q=new cUd(n5,this,11,10)),this.q;case 12:return OKd(this);case 13:return SKd(this);case 14:return SKd(this),this.r;case 15:return OKd(this),this.k;case 16:return PKd(this);case 17:return RKd(this);case 18:return TKd(this);case 19:return UKd(this);case 20:return OKd(this),this.o;case 21:return !this.s&&(this.s=new cUd(t5,this,21,17)),this.s;case 22:return VKd(this);case 23:return QKd(this);}return bid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),QFd)),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?QFd:d),a),b,c)};_.hh=function kLd(a,b,c){var d,e,f;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Sxd(this.Ab,a,c);case 6:!!this.Cb&&(c=(e=this.Db>>16,e>=0?aKd(this,c):this.Cb.ih(this,-1-e,null,c)));return _hd(this,a,6,c);case 11:return !this.q&&(this.q=new cUd(n5,this,11,10)),Sxd(this.q,a,c);case 21:return !this.s&&(this.s=new cUd(t5,this,21,17)),Sxd(this.s,a,c);}return f=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?(jGd(),QFd):d),b),66),f.Nj().Qj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd((jGd(),QFd)),a,c)};_.jh=function lLd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(b){case 0:return !this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3)),Txd(this.Ab,a,c);case 6:return _hd(this,null,6,c);case 7:return !this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7)),Txd(this.A,a,c);case 11:return !this.q&&(this.q=new cUd(n5,this,11,10)),Txd(this.q,a,c);case 21:return !this.s&&(this.s=new cUd(t5,this,21,17)),Txd(this.s,a,c);case 22:return Txd(VKd(this),a,c);}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?(jGd(),QFd):d),b),66),e.Nj().Rj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd((jGd(),QFd)),a,c)};_.lh=function mLd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.Ab&&this.Ab.i!=0;case 1:return this.zb!=null;case 2:return this.D!=null&&this.D==this.F;case 3:return !!dKd(this);case 4:return false;case 5:return this.F!=null&&this.F!=this.D&&this.F!=this.B;case 6:return !!ZJd(this);case 7:return !!this.A&&this.A.i!=0;case 8:return (this.Bb&256)!=0;case 9:return (this.Bb&512)!=0;case 10:return !!this.u&&VKd(this.u.a).i!=0&&!(!!this.n&&FMd(this.n));case 11:return !!this.q&&this.q.i!=0;case 12:return OKd(this).i!=0;case 13:return SKd(this).i!=0;case 14:return SKd(this),this.r.i!=0;case 15:return OKd(this),this.k.i!=0;case 16:return PKd(this).i!=0;case 17:return RKd(this).i!=0;case 18:return TKd(this).i!=0;case 19:return UKd(this).i!=0;case 20:return OKd(this),!!this.o;case 21:return !!this.s&&this.s.i!=0;case 22:return !!this.n&&FMd(this.n);case 23:return QKd(this).i!=0;}return cid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),QFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?QFd:b),a))};_.oh=function nLd(a){var b;b=this.i==null||!!this.q&&this.q.i!=0?null:YKd(this,a);return b?b:Bmd(this,a)};_.sh=function oLd(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:lKd(this,GD(b));return;case 2:iKd(this,GD(b));return;case 5:kKd(this,GD(b));return;case 7:!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));Uxd(this.A);!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));ytd(this.A,BD(b,14));return;case 8:eLd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 9:fLd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 10:vwd(_Kd(this));ytd(_Kd(this),BD(b,14));return;case 11:!this.q&&(this.q=new cUd(n5,this,11,10));Uxd(this.q);!this.q&&(this.q=new cUd(n5,this,11,10));ytd(this.q,BD(b,14));return;case 21:!this.s&&(this.s=new cUd(t5,this,21,17));Uxd(this.s);!this.s&&(this.s=new cUd(t5,this,21,17));ytd(this.s,BD(b,14));return;case 22:Uxd(VKd(this));ytd(VKd(this),BD(b,14));return;}did(this,a-aLd((jGd(),QFd)),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?QFd:c),a),b)};_.zh=function pLd(){return jGd(),QFd};_.Bh=function qLd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 1:JD(this.Cb,179)&&(BD(this.Cb,179).tb=null);pnd(this,null);return;case 2:$Jd(this,null);_Jd(this,this.D);return;case 5:kKd(this,null);return;case 7:!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));Uxd(this.A);return;case 8:eLd(this,false);return;case 9:fLd(this,false);return;case 10:!!this.u&&vwd(this.u);return;case 11:!this.q&&(this.q=new cUd(n5,this,11,10));Uxd(this.q);return;case 21:!this.s&&(this.s=new cUd(t5,this,21,17));Uxd(this.s);return;case 22:!!this.n&&Uxd(this.n);return;}eid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),QFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?QFd:b),a))};_.Gh=function rLd(){var a,b;OKd(this);SKd(this);PKd(this);RKd(this);TKd(this);UKd(this);QKd(this);oud(SMd($Kd(this)));if(this.s){for(a=0,b=this.s.i;a=0;--b){qud(this,b)}}return xud(this,a)};_.Xj=function nMd(){Uxd(this)};_.oi=function oMd(a,b){return LLd(this,a,b)};var t9=mdb(yve,'EcoreEList',622);bcb(496,622,Pve,pMd);_.ai=function qMd(){return false};_.aj=function rMd(){return this.c};_.bj=function sMd(){return false};_.Fk=function tMd(){return true};_.hi=function uMd(){return true};_.li=function vMd(a,b){return b};_.ni=function wMd(){return false};_.c=0;var d9=mdb(yve,'EObjectEList',496);bcb(85,496,Pve,xMd);_.bj=function yMd(){return true};_.Dk=function zMd(){return false};_.rk=function AMd(){return true};var Z8=mdb(yve,'EObjectContainmentEList',85);bcb(545,85,Pve,BMd);_.ci=function CMd(){this.b=true};_.fj=function DMd(){return this.b};_.Xj=function EMd(){var a;Uxd(this);if(oid(this.e)){a=this.b;this.b=false;Uhd(this.e,new qSd(this.e,2,this.c,a,false))}else{this.b=false}};_.b=false;var Y8=mdb(yve,'EObjectContainmentEList/Unsettable',545);bcb(1140,545,Pve,JMd);_.ii=function NMd(a,b){var c,d;return c=BD(Wxd(this,a,b),87),oid(this.e)&&GLd(this,new ESd(this.a,7,(jGd(),SFd),meb(b),(d=c.c,JD(d,88)?BD(d,26):_Fd),a)),c};_.jj=function OMd(a,b){return GMd(this,BD(a,87),b)};_.kj=function PMd(a,b){return HMd(this,BD(a,87),b)};_.lj=function QMd(a,b,c){return IMd(this,BD(a,87),BD(b,87),c)};_.Zi=function KMd(a,b,c,d,e){switch(a){case 3:{return FLd(this,a,b,c,d,this.i>1)}case 5:{return FLd(this,a,b,c,d,this.i-BD(c,15).gc()>0)}default:{return new pSd(this.e,a,this.c,b,c,d,true)}}};_.ij=function LMd(){return true};_.fj=function MMd(){return FMd(this)};_.Xj=function RMd(){Uxd(this)};var N5=mdb(qte,'EClassImpl/1',1140);bcb(1154,1153,dve);_.ui=function VMd(a){var b,c,d,e,f,g,h;c=a.xi();if(c!=8){d=UMd(a);if(d==0){switch(c){case 1:case 9:{h=a.Bi();if(h!=null){b=$Kd(BD(h,473));!b.c&&(b.c=new xYd);Ftd(b.c,a.Ai())}g=a.zi();if(g!=null){e=BD(g,473);if((e.Bb&1)==0){b=$Kd(e);!b.c&&(b.c=new xYd);wtd(b.c,BD(a.Ai(),26))}}break}case 3:{g=a.zi();if(g!=null){e=BD(g,473);if((e.Bb&1)==0){b=$Kd(e);!b.c&&(b.c=new xYd);wtd(b.c,BD(a.Ai(),26))}}break}case 5:{g=a.zi();if(g!=null){for(f=BD(g,14).Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),473);if((e.Bb&1)==0){b=$Kd(e);!b.c&&(b.c=new xYd);wtd(b.c,BD(a.Ai(),26))}}}break}case 4:{h=a.Bi();if(h!=null){e=BD(h,473);if((e.Bb&1)==0){b=$Kd(e);!b.c&&(b.c=new xYd);Ftd(b.c,a.Ai())}}break}case 6:{h=a.Bi();if(h!=null){for(f=BD(h,14).Kc();f.Ob();){e=BD(f.Pb(),473);if((e.Bb&1)==0){b=$Kd(e);!b.c&&(b.c=new xYd);Ftd(b.c,a.Ai())}}}break}}}this.Hk(d)}};_.Hk=function WMd(a){TMd(this,a)};_.b=63;var p7=mdb(qte,'ESuperAdapter',1154);bcb(1155,1154,dve,YMd);_.Hk=function ZMd(a){XMd(this,a)};var I5=mdb(qte,'EClassImpl/10',1155);bcb(1144,696,Pve);_.Vh=function $Md(a,b){return iud(this,a,b)};_.Wh=function _Md(a){return jud(this,a)};_.Xh=function aNd(a,b){kud(this,a,b)};_.Yh=function bNd(a){lud(this,a)};_.pi=function dNd(a){return nud(this,a)};_.mi=function lNd(a,b){return uud(this,a,b)};_.lk=function cNd(a,b){throw vbb(new bgb)};_.Zh=function eNd(){return new $yd(this)};_.$h=function fNd(){return new bzd(this)};_._h=function gNd(a){return ztd(this,a)};_.mk=function hNd(a,b){throw vbb(new bgb)};_.Wj=function iNd(a){return this};_.fj=function jNd(){return this.i!=0};_.Wb=function kNd(a){throw vbb(new bgb)};_.Xj=function mNd(){throw vbb(new bgb)};var s9=mdb(yve,'EcoreEList/UnmodifiableEList',1144);bcb(319,1144,Pve,nNd);_.ni=function oNd(){return false};var r9=mdb(yve,'EcoreEList/UnmodifiableEList/FastCompare',319);bcb(1147,319,Pve,rNd);_.Xc=function sNd(a){var b,c,d;if(JD(a,170)){b=BD(a,170);c=b.aj();if(c!=-1){for(d=this.i;c4){if(this.wj(a)){if(this.rk()){d=BD(a,49);c=d.Ug();h=c==this.b&&(this.Dk()?d.Og(d.Vg(),BD(XKd(wjd(this.b),this.aj()).Yj(),26).Bj())==zUd(BD(XKd(wjd(this.b),this.aj()),18)).n:-1-d.Vg()==this.aj());if(this.Ek()&&!h&&!c&&!!d.Zg()){for(e=0;e1||d==-1)}else{return false}};_.Dk=function COd(){var a,b,c;b=XKd(wjd(this.b),this.aj());if(JD(b,99)){a=BD(b,18);c=zUd(a);return !!c}else{return false}};_.Ek=function DOd(){var a,b;b=XKd(wjd(this.b),this.aj());if(JD(b,99)){a=BD(b,18);return (a.Bb&Tje)!=0}else{return false}};_.Xc=function EOd(a){var b,c,d,e;d=this.Qi(a);if(d>=0)return d;if(this.Fk()){for(c=0,e=this.Vi();c=0;--a){nOd(this,a,this.Oi(a))}}return this.Wi()};_.Qc=function QOd(a){var b;if(this.Ek()){for(b=this.Vi()-1;b>=0;--b){nOd(this,b,this.Oi(b))}}return this.Xi(a)};_.Xj=function ROd(){vwd(this)};_.oi=function SOd(a,b){return pOd(this,a,b)};var K8=mdb(yve,'DelegatingEcoreEList',742);bcb(1150,742,Uve,YOd);_.Hi=function _Od(a,b){TOd(this,a,BD(b,26))};_.Ii=function aPd(a){UOd(this,BD(a,26))};_.Oi=function gPd(a){var b,c;return b=BD(qud(VKd(this.a),a),87),c=b.c,JD(c,88)?BD(c,26):(jGd(),_Fd)};_.Ti=function lPd(a){var b,c;return b=BD(Xxd(VKd(this.a),a),87),c=b.c,JD(c,88)?BD(c,26):(jGd(),_Fd)};_.Ui=function mPd(a,b){return WOd(this,a,BD(b,26))};_.ai=function ZOd(){return false};_.Zi=function $Od(a,b,c,d,e){return null};_.Ji=function bPd(){return new EPd(this)};_.Ki=function cPd(){Uxd(VKd(this.a))};_.Li=function dPd(a){return VOd(this,a)};_.Mi=function ePd(a){var b,c;for(c=a.Kc();c.Ob();){b=c.Pb();if(!VOd(this,b)){return false}}return true};_.Ni=function fPd(a){var b,c,d;if(JD(a,15)){d=BD(a,15);if(d.gc()==VKd(this.a).i){for(b=d.Kc(),c=new 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7:return !!this.A&&this.A.i!=0;case 8:return (this.Bb&256)==0;case 9:return !!this.a&&this.a.i!=0;}return cid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),UFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?UFd:b),a))};_.sh=function fQd(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));ytd(this.Ab,BD(b,14));return;case 1:lKd(this,GD(b));return;case 2:iKd(this,GD(b));return;case 5:kKd(this,GD(b));return;case 7:!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));Uxd(this.A);!this.A&&(this.A=new K4d(u5,this,7));ytd(this.A,BD(b,14));return;case 8:LPd(this,Ccb(DD(b)));return;case 9:!this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(g5,this,9,5));Uxd(this.a);!this.a&&(this.a=new cUd(g5,this,9,5));ytd(this.a,BD(b,14));return;}did(this,a-aLd((jGd(),UFd)),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?UFd:c),a),b)};_.zh=function gQd(){return jGd(),UFd};_.Bh=function hQd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new cUd(a5,this,0,3));Uxd(this.Ab);return;case 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bid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),XFd)),XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?XFd:d),a),b,c)};_.jh=function XQd(a,b,c){var d,e;switch(b){case 0:return IQd(this,null,c);case 1:return !this.d&&(this.d=new xMd(j5,this,1)),Txd(this.d,a,c);case 3:return GQd(this,null,c);}return e=BD(XKd((d=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!d?(jGd(),XFd):d),b),66),e.Nj().Rj(this,yjd(this),b-aLd((jGd(),XFd)),a,c)};_.lh=function YQd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:return !!this.f;case 1:return !!this.d&&this.d.i!=0;case 2:return !!this.c;case 3:return !!this.b;case 4:return !!this.e;case 5:return !!this.a;}return cid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),XFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?XFd:b),a))};_.sh=function ZQd(a,b){var c;switch(a){case 0:SQd(this,BD(b,87));return;case 1:!this.d&&(this.d=new xMd(j5,this,1));Uxd(this.d);!this.d&&(this.d=new xMd(j5,this,1));ytd(this.d,BD(b,14));return;case 3:PQd(this,BD(b,87));return;case 4:RQd(this,BD(b,836));return;case 5:NQd(this,BD(b,138));return;}did(this,a-aLd((jGd(),XFd)),XKd((c=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!c?XFd:c),a),b)};_.zh=function $Qd(){return jGd(),XFd};_.Bh=function _Qd(a){var b;switch(a){case 0:SQd(this,null);return;case 1:!this.d&&(this.d=new xMd(j5,this,1));Uxd(this.d);return;case 3:PQd(this,null);return;case 4:RQd(this,null);return;case 5:NQd(this,null);return;}eid(this,a-aLd((jGd(),XFd)),XKd((b=BD(Ajd(this,16),26),!b?XFd:b),a))};_.Ib=function aRd(){var a;a=new Wfb(Eid(this));a.a+=' (expression: ';TQd(this,a);a.a+=')';return a.a};var FQd;var e6=mdb(qte,'EGenericTypeImpl',241);bcb(1969,1964,Vve);_.Xh=function cRd(a,b){bRd(this,a,b)};_.lk=function dRd(a,b){bRd(this,this.gc(),a);return b};_.pi=function eRd(a){return Ut(this.Gi(),a)};_.Zh=function fRd(){return this.$h()};_.Gi=function gRd(){return new O0d(this)};_.$h=function hRd(){return this._h(0)};_._h=function iRd(a){return this.Gi().Zc(a)};_.mk=function jRd(a,b){ze(this,a,true);return b};_.ii=function kRd(a,b){var 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5:g9d(this,BD(b,148));return;}did(this,a-aLd((Q8d(),H8d)),XKd((this.j&2)==0?H8d:(!this.k&&(this.k=new HGd),this.k).ck(),a),b)};_.zh=function m9d(){return Q8d(),H8d};_.Bh=function n9d(a){switch(a){case 0:!this.c&&(this.c=new u3d(this,0));Uxd(this.c);return;case 1:(!this.c&&(this.c=new u3d(this,0)),BD(T2d(this.c,(Q8d(),t8d)),153)).$b();return;case 2:!this.b&&(this.b=new u3d(this,2));Uxd(this.b);return;case 3:!this.c&&(this.c=new u3d(this,0));f3d(this.c,(Q8d(),I8d),null);return;case 4:h9d(this,h6d(this.a,null));return;case 5:this.a=null;return;}eid(this,a-aLd((Q8d(),H8d)),XKd((this.j&2)==0?H8d:(!this.k&&(this.k=new HGd),this.k).ck(),a))};var X9=mdb(Mwe,'SimpleAnyTypeImpl',668);bcb(669,506,{105:1,92:1,90:1,56:1,49:1,97:1,2023:1,669:1},o9d);_._g=function p9d(a,b,c){switch(a){case 0:if(c)return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),this.a;return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),this.a.b;case 1:return c?(!this.b&&(this.b=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,1)),this.b):(!this.b&&(this.b=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,1)),FAd(this.b));case 2:return c?(!this.c&&(this.c=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,2)),this.c):(!this.c&&(this.c=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,2)),FAd(this.c));case 3:return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),L8d));case 4:return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),M8d));case 5:return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),O8d));case 6:return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),P8d));}return bid(this,a-aLd((Q8d(),K8d)),XKd((this.j&2)==0?K8d:(!this.k&&(this.k=new HGd),this.k).ck(),a),b,c)};_.jh=function q9d(a,b,c){var d;switch(b){case 0:return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),B2d(this.a,a,c);case 1:return !this.b&&(this.b=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,1)),bId(this.b,a,c);case 2:return !this.c&&(this.c=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,2)),bId(this.c,a,c);case 5:return !this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0)),c7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),O8d)),a,c);}return d=BD(XKd((this.j&2)==0?(Q8d(),K8d):(!this.k&&(this.k=new 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u3d(this,0));b7d(T2d(this.a,L8d),BD(b,14));return;case 4:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),M8d)));!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));b7d(T2d(this.a,M8d),BD(b,14));return;case 5:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),O8d)));!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));b7d(T2d(this.a,O8d),BD(b,14));return;case 6:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),P8d)));!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));b7d(T2d(this.a,P8d),BD(b,14));return;}did(this,a-aLd((Q8d(),K8d)),XKd((this.j&2)==0?K8d:(!this.k&&(this.k=new HGd),this.k).ck(),a),b)};_.zh=function t9d(){return Q8d(),K8d};_.Bh=function u9d(a){switch(a){case 0:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));Uxd(this.a);return;case 1:!this.b&&(this.b=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,1));this.b.c.$b();return;case 2:!this.c&&(this.c=new dId((jGd(),fGd),x6,this,2));this.c.c.$b();return;case 3:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),L8d)));return;case 4:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),M8d)));return;case 5:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),O8d)));return;case 6:!this.a&&(this.a=new u3d(this,0));d7d(T2d(this.a,(Q8d(),P8d)));return;}eid(this,a-aLd((Q8d(),K8d)),XKd((this.j&2)==0?K8d:(!this.k&&(this.k=new HGd),this.k).ck(),a))};_.Ib=function v9d(){var a;if((this.j&4)!=0)return Eid(this);a=new Jfb(Eid(this));a.a+=' (mixed: ';Dfb(a,this.a);a.a+=')';return a.a};var Y9=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypeDocumentRootImpl',669);bcb(1919,704,{105:1,92:1,90:1,471:1,147:1,56:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,114:1,115:1,2024:1},U9d);_.Ih=function V9d(a,b){switch(a.yj()){case 7:case 8:case 9:case 10:case 16:case 22:case 23:case 24:case 25:case 26:case 32:case 33:case 34:case 36:case 37:case 44:case 45:case 50:case 51:case 53:case 55:case 56:case 57:case 58:case 60:case 61:case 4:return b==null?null:fcb(b);case 19:case 28:case 29:case 35:case 38:case 39:case 41:case 46:case 52:case 54:case 5:return GD(b);case 6:return C9d(BD(b,190));case 12:case 47:case 49:case 11:return Vmd(this,a,b);case 13:return b==null?null:qgb(BD(b,240));case 15:case 14:return b==null?null:D9d(Edb(ED(b)));case 17:return E9d((Q8d(),b));case 18:return E9d(b);case 21:case 20:return b==null?null:F9d(BD(b,155).a);case 27:return G9d(BD(b,190));case 30:return H9d((Q8d(),BD(b,15)));case 31:return H9d(BD(b,15));case 40:return K9d((Q8d(),b));case 42:return I9d((Q8d(),b));case 43:return I9d(b);case 59:case 48:return J9d((Q8d(),b));default:throw vbb(new Wdb(tte+a.ne()+ute));}};_.Jh=function W9d(a){var b,c,d,e,f;switch(a.G==-1&&(a.G=(c=bKd(a),c?HLd(c.Mh(),a):-1)),a.G){case 0:return b=new R8d,b;case 1:return d=new _8d,d;case 2:return e=new i9d,e;case 3:return f=new o9d,f;default:throw vbb(new Wdb(xte+a.zb+ute));}};_.Kh=function X9d(a,b){var c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r;switch(a.yj()){case 5:case 52:case 4:return b;case 6:return L9d(b);case 8:case 7:return b==null?null:B9d(b);case 9:return b==null?null:Scb(Icb((d=Qge(b,true),d.length>0&&(BCb(0,d.length),d.charCodeAt(0)==43)?d.substr(1):d),-128,127)<<24>>24);case 10:return b==null?null:Scb(Icb((e=Qge(b,true),e.length>0&&(BCb(0,e.length),e.charCodeAt(0)==43)?e.substr(1):e),-128,127)<<24>>24);case 11:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),w8d),b));case 12:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),x8d),b));case 13:return b==null?null:new tgb(Qge(b,true));case 15:case 14:return M9d(b);case 16:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),y8d),b));case 17:return N9d((Q8d(),b));case 18:return N9d(b);case 28:case 29:case 35:case 38:case 39:case 41:case 54:case 19:return Qge(b,true);case 21:case 20:return O9d(b);case 22:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),z8d),b));case 23:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),A8d),b));case 24:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),B8d),b));case 25:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),C8d),b));case 26:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),D8d),b));case 27:return P9d(b);case 30:return Q9d((Q8d(),b));case 31:return Q9d(b);case 32:return b==null?null:meb(Icb((k=Qge(b,true),k.length>0&&(BCb(0,k.length),k.charCodeAt(0)==43)?k.substr(1):k),Rie,Ohe));case 33:return b==null?null:new Ygb((l=Qge(b,true),l.length>0&&(BCb(0,l.length),l.charCodeAt(0)==43)?l.substr(1):l));case 34:return b==null?null:meb(Icb((m=Qge(b,true),m.length>0&&(BCb(0,m.length),m.charCodeAt(0)==43)?m.substr(1):m),Rie,Ohe));case 36:return b==null?null:Aeb(Jcb((n=Qge(b,true),n.length>0&&(BCb(0,n.length),n.charCodeAt(0)==43)?n.substr(1):n)));case 37:return b==null?null:Aeb(Jcb((o=Qge(b,true),o.length>0&&(BCb(0,o.length),o.charCodeAt(0)==43)?o.substr(1):o)));case 40:return T9d((Q8d(),b));case 42:return R9d((Q8d(),b));case 43:return R9d(b);case 44:return b==null?null:new Ygb((p=Qge(b,true),p.length>0&&(BCb(0,p.length),p.charCodeAt(0)==43)?p.substr(1):p));case 45:return b==null?null:new Ygb((q=Qge(b,true),q.length>0&&(BCb(0,q.length),q.charCodeAt(0)==43)?q.substr(1):q));case 46:return Qge(b,false);case 47:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),E8d),b));case 59:case 48:return S9d((Q8d(),b));case 49:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),G8d),b));case 50:return b==null?null:Web(Icb((r=Qge(b,true),r.length>0&&(BCb(0,r.length),r.charCodeAt(0)==43)?r.substr(1):r),awe,32767)<<16>>16);case 51:return b==null?null:Web(Icb((f=Qge(b,true),f.length>0&&(BCb(0,f.length),f.charCodeAt(0)==43)?f.substr(1):f),awe,32767)<<16>>16);case 53:return GD(Wmd(this,(Q8d(),J8d),b));case 55:return b==null?null:Web(Icb((g=Qge(b,true),g.length>0&&(BCb(0,g.length),g.charCodeAt(0)==43)?g.substr(1):g),awe,32767)<<16>>16);case 56:return b==null?null:Web(Icb((h=Qge(b,true),h.length>0&&(BCb(0,h.length),h.charCodeAt(0)==43)?h.substr(1):h),awe,32767)<<16>>16);case 57:return b==null?null:Aeb(Jcb((i=Qge(b,true),i.length>0&&(BCb(0,i.length),i.charCodeAt(0)==43)?i.substr(1):i)));case 58:return b==null?null:Aeb(Jcb((j=Qge(b,true),j.length>0&&(BCb(0,j.length),j.charCodeAt(0)==43)?j.substr(1):j)));case 60:return b==null?null:meb(Icb((c=Qge(b,true),c.length>0&&(BCb(0,c.length),c.charCodeAt(0)==43)?c.substr(1):c),Rie,Ohe));case 61:return b==null?null:meb(Icb(Qge(b,true),Rie,Ohe));default:throw vbb(new Wdb(tte+a.ne()+ute));}};var w9d,x9d,y9d,z9d;var Z9=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypeFactoryImpl',1919);bcb(586,179,{105:1,92:1,90:1,147:1,191:1,56:1,235:1,108:1,49:1,97:1,150:1,179:1,114:1,115:1,675:1,1945:1,586:1},cae);_.N=false;_.O=false;var Z9d=false;var Yab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl',586);bcb(1852,1,{837:1},fae);_._j=function gae(){return Uge(),Tge};var iab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/1',1852);bcb(1861,1,nwe,hae);_.wj=function iae(a){return ND(a)};_.xj=function jae(a){return KC(ZI,nie,2,a,6,1)};var $9=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/10',1861);bcb(1862,1,nwe,kae);_.wj=function lae(a){return ND(a)};_.xj=function mae(a){return KC(ZI,nie,2,a,6,1)};var _9=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/11',1862);bcb(1863,1,nwe,nae);_.wj=function oae(a){return ND(a)};_.xj=function pae(a){return KC(ZI,nie,2,a,6,1)};var aab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/12',1863);bcb(1864,1,nwe,qae);_.wj=function rae(a){return LD(a)};_.xj=function sae(a){return KC(BI,nie,333,a,7,1)};var bab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/13',1864);bcb(1865,1,nwe,tae);_.wj=function uae(a){return ND(a)};_.xj=function vae(a){return KC(ZI,nie,2,a,6,1)};var cab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/14',1865);bcb(1866,1,nwe,wae);_.wj=function xae(a){return JD(a,15)};_.xj=function yae(a){return KC(yK,eme,15,a,0,1)};var dab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/15',1866);bcb(1867,1,nwe,zae);_.wj=function Aae(a){return JD(a,15)};_.xj=function Bae(a){return KC(yK,eme,15,a,0,1)};var eab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/16',1867);bcb(1868,1,nwe,Cae);_.wj=function Dae(a){return ND(a)};_.xj=function Eae(a){return KC(ZI,nie,2,a,6,1)};var fab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/17',1868);bcb(1869,1,nwe,Fae);_.wj=function Gae(a){return JD(a,155)};_.xj=function Hae(a){return KC(FI,nie,155,a,0,1)};var gab=mdb(Mwe,'XMLTypePackageImpl/18',1869);bcb(1870,1,nwe,Iae);_.wj=function Jae(a){return 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27:d='\\e';break;default:if(this.a>=Tje){c=(b=this.a>>>0,'0'+b.toString(16));d='\\v'+qfb(c,c.length-6,c.length)}else d=''+HD(this.a&aje);}break;case 8:this==hfe||this==ife?(d=''+HD(this.a&aje)):(d='\\'+HD(this.a&aje));break;default:d=null;}return d};_.a=0;var dbb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/CharToken',223);bcb(309,117,yxe,lge);_.am=function mge(a){return this.a};_.cm=function nge(a){this.b=a};_.dm=function oge(a){this.c=a};_.em=function pge(){return 1};_.fm=function qge(a){var b;if(this.e==3){if(this.c<0&&this.b<0){b=this.a.fm(a)+'*'}else if(this.c==this.b){b=this.a.fm(a)+'{'+this.c+'}'}else if(this.c>=0&&this.b>=0){b=this.a.fm(a)+'{'+this.c+','+this.b+'}'}else if(this.c>=0&&this.b<0){b=this.a.fm(a)+'{'+this.c+',}'}else throw vbb(new hz('Token#toString(): CLOSURE '+this.c+She+this.b))}else{if(this.c<0&&this.b<0){b=this.a.fm(a)+'*?'}else if(this.c==this.b){b=this.a.fm(a)+'{'+this.c+'}?'}else if(this.c>=0&&this.b>=0){b=this.a.fm(a)+'{'+this.c+','+this.b+'}?'}else if(this.c>=0&&this.b<0){b=this.a.fm(a)+'{'+this.c+',}?'}else throw vbb(new hz('Token#toString(): NONGREEDYCLOSURE '+this.c+She+this.b))}return b};_.b=0;_.c=0;var ebb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/ClosureToken',309);bcb(821,117,yxe,rge);_.am=function sge(a){return a==0?this.a:this.b};_.em=function tge(){return 2};_.fm=function uge(a){var b;this.b.e==3&&this.b.am(0)==this.a?(b=this.a.fm(a)+'+'):this.b.e==9&&this.b.am(0)==this.a?(b=this.a.fm(a)+'+?'):(b=this.a.fm(a)+(''+this.b.fm(a)));return b};var fbb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/ConcatToken',821);bcb(1822,117,yxe,vge);_.am=function wge(a){if(a==0)return this.d;if(a==1)return this.b;throw vbb(new hz('Internal Error: '+a))};_.em=function xge(){return !this.b?1:2};_.fm=function yge(a){var b;this.c>0?(b='(?('+this.c+')'):this.a.e==8?(b='(?('+this.a+')'):(b='(?'+this.a);!this.b?(b+=this.d+')'):(b+=this.d+'|'+this.b+')');return b};_.c=0;var gbb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/ConditionToken',1822);bcb(1823,117,yxe,zge);_.am=function Age(a){return this.b};_.em=function Bge(){return 1};_.fm=function Cge(a){return '(?'+(this.a==0?'':See(this.a))+(this.c==0?'':See(this.c))+':'+this.b.fm(a)+')'};_.a=0;_.c=0;var hbb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/ModifierToken',1823);bcb(822,117,yxe,Dge);_.am=function Ege(a){return this.a};_.em=function Fge(){return 1};_.fm=function Gge(a){var b;b=null;switch(this.e){case 6:this.b==0?(b='(?:'+this.a.fm(a)+')'):(b='('+this.a.fm(a)+')');break;case 20:b='(?='+this.a.fm(a)+')';break;case 21:b='(?!'+this.a.fm(a)+')';break;case 22:b='(?<='+this.a.fm(a)+')';break;case 23:b='(?'+this.a.fm(a)+')';}return b};_.b=0;var ibb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/ParenToken',822);bcb(521,117,{3:1,117:1,521:1},Hge);_.bm=function Ige(){return this.b};_.fm=function Jge(a){return this.e==12?'\\'+this.a:Wee(this.b)};_.a=0;var jbb=mdb(kxe,'RegEx/Token/StringToken',521);bcb(465,117,yxe,Lge);_.$l=function Mge(a){Kge(this,a)};_.am=function Nge(a){return BD(Uvb(this.a,a),117)};_.em=function Oge(){return !this.a?0:this.a.a.c.length};_.fm=function Pge(a){var b,c,d,e,f;if(this.e==1){if(this.a.a.c.length==2){b=BD(Uvb(this.a,0),117);c=BD(Uvb(this.a,1),117);c.e==3&&c.am(0)==b?(e=b.fm(a)+'+'):c.e==9&&c.am(0)==b?(e=b.fm(a)+'+?'):(e=b.fm(a)+(''+c.fm(a)))}else{f=new Hfb;for(d=0;d=this.c.b:this.a<=this.c.b};_.Sb=function whe(){return this.b>0};_.Tb=function yhe(){return this.b};_.Vb=function Ahe(){return this.b-1};_.Qb=function Bhe(){throw vbb(new cgb(Exe))};_.a=0;_.b=0;var pbb=mdb(Bxe,'ExclusiveRange/RangeIterator',254);var TD=pdb(Fve,'C');var WD=pdb(Ive,'I');var sbb=pdb(Khe,'Z');var XD=pdb(Jve,'J');var SD=pdb(Eve,'B');var UD=pdb(Gve,'D');var VD=pdb(Hve,'F');var rbb=pdb(Kve,'S');var h1=odb('org.eclipse.elk.core.labels','ILabelManager');var O4=odb(Tte,'DiagnosticChain');var u8=odb(pwe,'ResourceSet');var V4=mdb(Tte,'InvocationTargetException',null);var Ihe=(Az(),Dz);var gwtOnLoad=gwtOnLoad=Zbb;Xbb(hcb);$bb('permProps',[[[Fxe,Gxe],[Hxe,'gecko1_8']],[[Fxe,Gxe],[Hxe,'ie10']],[[Fxe,Gxe],[Hxe,'ie8']],[[Fxe,Gxe],[Hxe,'ie9']],[[Fxe,Gxe],[Hxe,'safari']]]); +// -------------- RUN GWT INITIALIZATION CODE -------------- +gwtOnLoad(null, 'elk', null); + +}).call(this)}).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {}) +},{}],3:[function(require,module,exports){ +'use strict'; + +function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } } + +function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) { if (!self) { throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called"); } return call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function") ? call : self; } + +function _inherits(subClass, superClass) { if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) { throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass); } subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, { constructor: { value: subClass, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true } }); if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass; } + +/******************************************************************************* + * Copyright (c) 2021 Kiel University and others. + * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the + * terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0 which is available at + * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0. + * + * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 + *******************************************************************************/ +var ELK = require('./elk-api.js').default; + +var ELKNode = function (_ELK) { + _inherits(ELKNode, _ELK); + + function ELKNode() { + var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {}; + + _classCallCheck(this, ELKNode); + + var optionsClone = Object.assign({}, options); + + var workerThreadsExist = false; + try { + require.resolve('web-worker'); + workerThreadsExist = true; + } catch (e) {} + + // user requested a worker + if (options.workerUrl) { + if (workerThreadsExist) { + var Worker = require('web-worker'); + optionsClone.workerFactory = function (url) { + return new Worker(url); + }; + } else { + console.warn('Web worker requested but \'web-worker\' package not installed. \nConsider installing the package or pass your own \'workerFactory\' to ELK\'s constructor.\n... Falling back to non-web worker version.'); + } + } + + // unless no other workerFactory is registered, use the fake worker + if (!optionsClone.workerFactory) { + var _require = require('./elk-worker.min.js'), + _Worker = _require.Worker; + + optionsClone.workerFactory = function (url) { + return new _Worker(url); + }; + } + + return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, (ELKNode.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(ELKNode)).call(this, optionsClone)); + } + + return ELKNode; +}(ELK); + +Object.defineProperty(module.exports, "__esModule", { + value: true +}); +module.exports = ELKNode; +ELKNode.default = ELKNode; +},{"./elk-api.js":1,"./elk-worker.min.js":2,"web-worker":4}],4:[function(require,module,exports){ +/** + * Copyright 2020 Google LLC + * + * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); + * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. + * You may obtain a copy of the License at + * + * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + * + * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software + * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, + * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. + * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and + * limitations under the License. + */ +module.exports = Worker; +},{}]},{},[3])(3) +}); + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 83209: +/***/ ((__unused_webpack_module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => { + +"use strict"; +__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__); +/* harmony export */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, { +/* harmony export */ "diagram": () => (/* binding */ diagram) +/* harmony export */ }); +/* harmony import */ var _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__ = __webpack_require__(99794); +/* harmony import */ var d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(59373); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_dagre_js_label_add_html_label_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__ = __webpack_require__(43349); +/* harmony import */ var elkjs_lib_elk_bundled_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(17295); +/* harmony import */ var elkjs_lib_elk_bundled_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(elkjs_lib_elk_bundled_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__); +/* harmony import */ var moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__ = __webpack_require__(30381); +/* harmony import */ var moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__); +/* harmony import */ var _braintree_sanitize_url__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__ = __webpack_require__(17967); +/* harmony import */ var dompurify__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__ = __webpack_require__(20683); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_dagre_index_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__ = __webpack_require__(70277); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_graphlib_index_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__ = __webpack_require__(45625); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_graphlib_json_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_7__ = __webpack_require__(39354); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__ = __webpack_require__(91518); + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +const findCommonAncestor = (id1, id2, treeData) => { + const { parentById } = treeData; + const visited = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(); + let currentId = id1; + while (currentId) { + visited.add(currentId); + if (currentId === id2) { + return currentId; + } + currentId = parentById[currentId]; + } + currentId = id2; + while (currentId) { + if (visited.has(currentId)) { + return currentId; + } + currentId = parentById[currentId]; + } + return "root"; +}; +const elk = new (elkjs_lib_elk_bundled_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default())(); +const portPos = {}; +const conf = {}; +let nodeDb = {}; +const addVertices = function(vert, svgId, root, doc, diagObj, parentLookupDb, graph) { + const svg = root.select(`[id="${svgId}"]`); + const nodes = svg.insert("g").attr("class", "nodes"); + const keys = Object.keys(vert); + keys.forEach(function(id) { + const vertex = vert[id]; + let classStr = "default"; + if (vertex.classes.length > 0) { + classStr = vertex.classes.join(" "); + } + const styles2 = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.a)(vertex.styles); + let vertexText = vertex.text !== void 0 ? vertex.text : vertex.id; + let vertexNode; + const labelData = { width: 0, height: 0 }; + if ((0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.e)((0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.g)().flowchart.htmlLabels)) { + const node2 = { + label: vertexText.replace( + /fa[blrs]?:fa-[\w-]+/g, + (s) => `` + ) + }; + vertexNode = (0,dagre_d3_es_src_dagre_js_label_add_html_label_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__/* .addHtmlLabel */ .a)(svg, node2).node(); + const bbox = vertexNode.getBBox(); + labelData.width = bbox.width; + labelData.height = bbox.height; + labelData.labelNode = vertexNode; + vertexNode.parentNode.removeChild(vertexNode); + } else { + const svgLabel = doc.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "text"); + svgLabel.setAttribute("style", styles2.labelStyle.replace("color:", "fill:")); + const rows = vertexText.split(_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.c.lineBreakRegex); + for (const row of rows) { + const tspan = doc.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + tspan.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", "xml:space", "preserve"); + tspan.setAttribute("dy", "1em"); + tspan.setAttribute("x", "1"); + tspan.textContent = row; + svgLabel.appendChild(tspan); + } + vertexNode = svgLabel; + const bbox = vertexNode.getBBox(); + labelData.width = bbox.width; + labelData.height = bbox.height; + labelData.labelNode = vertexNode; + } + const ports = [ + { + id: vertex.id + "-west", + layoutOptions: { + "port.side": "WEST" + } + }, + { + id: vertex.id + "-east", + layoutOptions: { + "port.side": "EAST" + } + }, + { + id: vertex.id + "-south", + layoutOptions: { + "port.side": "SOUTH" + } + }, + { + id: vertex.id + "-north", + layoutOptions: { + "port.side": "NORTH" + } + } + ]; + let radious = 0; + let _shape = ""; + let layoutOptions = {}; + switch (vertex.type) { + case "round": + radious = 5; + _shape = "rect"; + break; + case "square": + _shape = "rect"; + break; + case "diamond": + _shape = "question"; + layoutOptions = { + portConstraints: "FIXED_SIDE" + }; + break; + case "hexagon": + _shape = "hexagon"; + break; + case "odd": + _shape = "rect_left_inv_arrow"; + break; + case "lean_right": + _shape = "lean_right"; + break; + case "lean_left": + _shape = "lean_left"; + break; + case "trapezoid": + _shape = "trapezoid"; + break; + case "inv_trapezoid": + _shape = "inv_trapezoid"; + break; + case "odd_right": + _shape = "rect_left_inv_arrow"; + break; + case "circle": + _shape = "circle"; + break; + case "ellipse": + _shape = "ellipse"; + break; + case "stadium": + _shape = "stadium"; + break; + case "subroutine": + _shape = "subroutine"; + break; + case "cylinder": + _shape = "cylinder"; + break; + case "group": + _shape = "rect"; + break; + case "doublecircle": + _shape = "doublecircle"; + break; + default: + _shape = "rect"; + } + const node = { + labelStyle: styles2.labelStyle, + shape: _shape, + labelText: vertexText, + rx: radious, + ry: radious, + class: classStr, + style: styles2.style, + id: vertex.id, + link: vertex.link, + linkTarget: vertex.linkTarget, + tooltip: diagObj.db.getTooltip(vertex.id) || "", + domId: diagObj.db.lookUpDomId(vertex.id), + haveCallback: vertex.haveCallback, + width: vertex.type === "group" ? 500 : void 0, + dir: vertex.dir, + type: vertex.type, + props: vertex.props, + padding: (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.g)().flowchart.padding + }; + let boundingBox; + let nodeEl; + if (node.type !== "group") { + nodeEl = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.b)(nodes, node, vertex.dir); + boundingBox = nodeEl.node().getBBox(); + } + const data = { + id: vertex.id, + ports: vertex.type === "diamond" ? ports : [], + layoutOptions, + labelText: vertexText, + labelData, + domId: diagObj.db.lookUpDomId(vertex.id), + width: boundingBox == null ? void 0 : boundingBox.width, + height: boundingBox == null ? void 0 : boundingBox.height, + type: vertex.type, + el: nodeEl, + parent: parentLookupDb.parentById[vertex.id] + }; + nodeDb[node.id] = data; + }); + return graph; +}; +const getNextPosition = (position, edgeDirection, graphDirection) => { + const portPos2 = { + TB: { + in: { + north: "north" + }, + out: { + south: "west", + west: "east", + east: "south" + } + }, + LR: { + in: { + west: "west" + }, + out: { + east: "south", + south: "north", + north: "east" + } + }, + RL: { + in: { + east: "east" + }, + out: { + west: "north", + north: "south", + south: "west" + } + }, + BT: { + in: { + south: "south" + }, + out: { + north: "east", + east: "west", + west: "north" + } + } + }; + portPos2.TD = portPos2.TB; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("abc88", graphDirection, edgeDirection, position); + return portPos2[graphDirection][edgeDirection][position]; +}; +const getNextPort = (node, edgeDirection, graphDirection) => { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("getNextPort abc88", { node, edgeDirection, graphDirection }); + if (!portPos[node]) { + switch (graphDirection) { + case "TB": + case "TD": + portPos[node] = { + inPosition: "north", + outPosition: "south" + }; + break; + case "BT": + portPos[node] = { + inPosition: "south", + outPosition: "north" + }; + break; + case "RL": + portPos[node] = { + inPosition: "east", + outPosition: "west" + }; + break; + case "LR": + portPos[node] = { + inPosition: "west", + outPosition: "east" + }; + break; + } + } + const result = edgeDirection === "in" ? portPos[node].inPosition : portPos[node].outPosition; + if (edgeDirection === "in") { + portPos[node].inPosition = getNextPosition( + portPos[node].inPosition, + edgeDirection, + graphDirection + ); + } else { + portPos[node].outPosition = getNextPosition( + portPos[node].outPosition, + edgeDirection, + graphDirection + ); + } + return result; +}; +const getEdgeStartEndPoint = (edge, dir) => { + let source = edge.start; + let target = edge.end; + const startNode = nodeDb[source]; + const endNode = nodeDb[target]; + if (!startNode || !endNode) { + return { source, target }; + } + if (startNode.type === "diamond") { + source = `${source}-${getNextPort(source, "out", dir)}`; + } + if (endNode.type === "diamond") { + target = `${target}-${getNextPort(target, "in", dir)}`; + } + return { source, target }; +}; +const addEdges = function(edges, diagObj, graph, svg) { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("abc78 edges = ", edges); + const labelsEl = svg.insert("g").attr("class", "edgeLabels"); + let linkIdCnt = {}; + let dir = diagObj.db.getDirection(); + let defaultStyle; + let defaultLabelStyle; + if (edges.defaultStyle !== void 0) { + const defaultStyles = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.a)(edges.defaultStyle); + defaultStyle = defaultStyles.style; + defaultLabelStyle = defaultStyles.labelStyle; + } + edges.forEach(function(edge) { + var linkIdBase = "L-" + edge.start + "-" + edge.end; + if (linkIdCnt[linkIdBase] === void 0) { + linkIdCnt[linkIdBase] = 0; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("abc78 new entry", linkIdBase, linkIdCnt[linkIdBase]); + } else { + linkIdCnt[linkIdBase]++; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("abc78 new entry", linkIdBase, linkIdCnt[linkIdBase]); + } + let linkId = linkIdBase + "-" + linkIdCnt[linkIdBase]; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("abc78 new link id to be used is", linkIdBase, linkId, linkIdCnt[linkIdBase]); + var linkNameStart = "LS-" + edge.start; + var linkNameEnd = "LE-" + edge.end; + const edgeData = { style: "", labelStyle: "" }; + edgeData.minlen = edge.length || 1; + if (edge.type === "arrow_open") { + edgeData.arrowhead = "none"; + } else { + edgeData.arrowhead = "normal"; + } + edgeData.arrowTypeStart = "arrow_open"; + edgeData.arrowTypeEnd = "arrow_open"; + switch (edge.type) { + case "double_arrow_cross": + edgeData.arrowTypeStart = "arrow_cross"; + case "arrow_cross": + edgeData.arrowTypeEnd = "arrow_cross"; + break; + case "double_arrow_point": + edgeData.arrowTypeStart = "arrow_point"; + case "arrow_point": + edgeData.arrowTypeEnd = "arrow_point"; + break; + case "double_arrow_circle": + edgeData.arrowTypeStart = "arrow_circle"; + case "arrow_circle": + edgeData.arrowTypeEnd = "arrow_circle"; + break; + } + let style = ""; + let labelStyle = ""; + switch (edge.stroke) { + case "normal": + style = "fill:none;"; + if (defaultStyle !== void 0) { + style = defaultStyle; + } + if (defaultLabelStyle !== void 0) { + labelStyle = defaultLabelStyle; + } + edgeData.thickness = "normal"; + edgeData.pattern = "solid"; + break; + case "dotted": + edgeData.thickness = "normal"; + edgeData.pattern = "dotted"; + edgeData.style = "fill:none;stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:3;"; + break; + case "thick": + edgeData.thickness = "thick"; + edgeData.pattern = "solid"; + edgeData.style = "stroke-width: 3.5px;fill:none;"; + break; + } + if (edge.style !== void 0) { + const styles2 = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.a)(edge.style); + style = styles2.style; + labelStyle = styles2.labelStyle; + } + edgeData.style = edgeData.style += style; + edgeData.labelStyle = edgeData.labelStyle += labelStyle; + if (edge.interpolate !== void 0) { + edgeData.curve = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.d)(edge.interpolate, d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .curveLinear */ .c_6); + } else if (edges.defaultInterpolate !== void 0) { + edgeData.curve = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.d)(edges.defaultInterpolate, d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .curveLinear */ .c_6); + } else { + edgeData.curve = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.d)(conf.curve, d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .curveLinear */ .c_6); + } + if (edge.text === void 0) { + if (edge.style !== void 0) { + edgeData.arrowheadStyle = "fill: #333"; + } + } else { + edgeData.arrowheadStyle = "fill: #333"; + edgeData.labelpos = "c"; + } + edgeData.labelType = "text"; + edgeData.label = edge.text.replace(_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.c.lineBreakRegex, "\n"); + if (edge.style === void 0) { + edgeData.style = edgeData.style || "stroke: #333; stroke-width: 1.5px;fill:none;"; + } + edgeData.labelStyle = edgeData.labelStyle.replace("color:", "fill:"); + edgeData.id = linkId; + edgeData.classes = "flowchart-link " + linkNameStart + " " + linkNameEnd; + const labelEl = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.f)(labelsEl, edgeData); + const { source, target } = getEdgeStartEndPoint(edge, dir); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.debug("abc78 source and target", source, target); + graph.edges.push({ + id: "e" + edge.start + edge.end, + sources: [source], + targets: [target], + labelEl, + labels: [ + { + width: edgeData.width, + height: edgeData.height, + orgWidth: edgeData.width, + orgHeight: edgeData.height, + text: edgeData.label, + layoutOptions: { + "edgeLabels.inline": "true", + "edgeLabels.placement": "CENTER" + } + } + ], + edgeData + }); + }); + return graph; +}; +const addMarkersToEdge = function(svgPath, edgeData, diagramType, arrowMarkerAbsolute) { + let url = ""; + if (arrowMarkerAbsolute) { + url = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + window.location.pathname + window.location.search; + url = url.replace(/\(/g, "\\("); + url = url.replace(/\)/g, "\\)"); + } + switch (edgeData.arrowTypeStart) { + case "arrow_cross": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-crossStart)"); + break; + case "arrow_point": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-pointStart)"); + break; + case "arrow_barb": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-barbStart)"); + break; + case "arrow_circle": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-circleStart)"); + break; + case "aggregation": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-aggregationStart)"); + break; + case "extension": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-extensionStart)"); + break; + case "composition": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-compositionStart)"); + break; + case "dependency": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-dependencyStart)"); + break; + case "lollipop": + svgPath.attr("marker-start", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-lollipopStart)"); + break; + } + switch (edgeData.arrowTypeEnd) { + case "arrow_cross": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-crossEnd)"); + break; + case "arrow_point": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-pointEnd)"); + break; + case "arrow_barb": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-barbEnd)"); + break; + case "arrow_circle": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-circleEnd)"); + break; + case "aggregation": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-aggregationEnd)"); + break; + case "extension": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-extensionEnd)"); + break; + case "composition": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-compositionEnd)"); + break; + case "dependency": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-dependencyEnd)"); + break; + case "lollipop": + svgPath.attr("marker-end", "url(" + url + "#" + diagramType + "-lollipopEnd)"); + break; + } +}; +const getClasses = function(text, diagObj) { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("Extracting classes"); + diagObj.db.clear("ver-2"); + try { + diagObj.parse(text); + return diagObj.db.getClasses(); + } catch (e) { + return {}; + } +}; +const addSubGraphs = function(db2) { + const parentLookupDb = { parentById: {}, childrenById: {} }; + const subgraphs = db2.getSubGraphs(); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("Subgraphs - ", subgraphs); + subgraphs.forEach(function(subgraph) { + subgraph.nodes.forEach(function(node) { + parentLookupDb.parentById[node] = subgraph.id; + if (parentLookupDb.childrenById[subgraph.id] === void 0) { + parentLookupDb.childrenById[subgraph.id] = []; + } + parentLookupDb.childrenById[subgraph.id].push(node); + }); + }); + subgraphs.forEach(function(subgraph) { + ({ id: subgraph.id }); + if (parentLookupDb.parentById[subgraph.id] !== void 0) { + parentLookupDb.parentById[subgraph.id]; + } + }); + return parentLookupDb; +}; +const calcOffset = function(src, dest, parentLookupDb) { + const ancestor = findCommonAncestor(src, dest, parentLookupDb); + if (ancestor === void 0 || ancestor === "root") { + return { x: 0, y: 0 }; + } + const ancestorOffset = nodeDb[ancestor].offset; + return { x: ancestorOffset.posX, y: ancestorOffset.posY }; +}; +const insertEdge = function(edgesEl, edge, edgeData, diagObj, parentLookupDb) { + const offset = calcOffset(edge.sources[0], edge.targets[0], parentLookupDb); + const src = edge.sections[0].startPoint; + const dest = edge.sections[0].endPoint; + const segments = edge.sections[0].bendPoints ? edge.sections[0].bendPoints : []; + const segPoints = segments.map((segment) => [segment.x + offset.x, segment.y + offset.y]); + const points = [ + [src.x + offset.x, src.y + offset.y], + ...segPoints, + [dest.x + offset.x, dest.y + offset.y] + ]; + const curve = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .line */ .jvg)().curve(d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .curveLinear */ .c_6); + const edgePath = edgesEl.insert("path").attr("d", curve(points)).attr("class", "path").attr("fill", "none"); + const edgeG = edgesEl.insert("g").attr("class", "edgeLabel"); + const edgeWithLabel = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)(edgeG.node().appendChild(edge.labelEl)); + const box = edgeWithLabel.node().firstChild.getBoundingClientRect(); + edgeWithLabel.attr("width", box.width); + edgeWithLabel.attr("height", box.height); + edgeG.attr( + "transform", + `translate(${edge.labels[0].x + offset.x}, ${edge.labels[0].y + offset.y})` + ); + addMarkersToEdge(edgePath, edgeData, diagObj.type, diagObj.arrowMarkerAbsolute); +}; +const insertChildren = (nodeArray, parentLookupDb) => { + nodeArray.forEach((node) => { + if (!node.children) { + node.children = []; + } + const childIds = parentLookupDb.childrenById[node.id]; + if (childIds) { + childIds.forEach((childId) => { + node.children.push(nodeDb[childId]); + }); + } + insertChildren(node.children, parentLookupDb); + }); +}; +const draw = async function(text, id, _version, diagObj) { + var _a; + diagObj.db.clear(); + nodeDb = {}; + diagObj.db.setGen("gen-2"); + diagObj.parser.parse(text); + const renderEl = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("body").append("div").attr("style", "height:400px").attr("id", "cy"); + let graph = { + id: "root", + layoutOptions: { + "elk.hierarchyHandling": "INCLUDE_CHILDREN", + "org.eclipse.elk.padding": "[top=100, left=100, bottom=110, right=110]", + "elk.layered.spacing.edgeNodeBetweenLayers": "30", + "elk.direction": "DOWN" + }, + children: [], + edges: [] + }; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("Drawing flowchart using v3 renderer", elk); + let dir = diagObj.db.getDirection(); + switch (dir) { + case "BT": + graph.layoutOptions["elk.direction"] = "UP"; + break; + case "TB": + graph.layoutOptions["elk.direction"] = "DOWN"; + break; + case "LR": + graph.layoutOptions["elk.direction"] = "RIGHT"; + break; + case "RL": + graph.layoutOptions["elk.direction"] = "LEFT"; + break; + } + const { securityLevel, flowchart: conf2 } = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.g)(); + let sandboxElement; + if (securityLevel === "sandbox") { + sandboxElement = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("#i" + id); + } + const root = securityLevel === "sandbox" ? (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)(sandboxElement.nodes()[0].contentDocument.body) : (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("body"); + const doc = securityLevel === "sandbox" ? sandboxElement.nodes()[0].contentDocument : document; + const svg = root.select(`[id="${id}"]`); + const markers = ["point", "circle", "cross"]; + (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.i)(svg, markers, diagObj.type, diagObj.arrowMarkerAbsolute); + const vert = diagObj.db.getVertices(); + let subG; + const subGraphs = diagObj.db.getSubGraphs(); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("Subgraphs - ", subGraphs); + for (let i = subGraphs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + subG = subGraphs[i]; + diagObj.db.addVertex(subG.id, subG.title, "group", void 0, subG.classes, subG.dir); + } + const subGraphsEl = svg.insert("g").attr("class", "subgraphs"); + const parentLookupDb = addSubGraphs(diagObj.db); + graph = addVertices(vert, id, root, doc, diagObj, parentLookupDb, graph); + const edgesEl = svg.insert("g").attr("class", "edges edgePath"); + const edges = diagObj.db.getEdges(); + graph = addEdges(edges, diagObj, graph, svg); + const nodes = Object.keys(nodeDb); + nodes.forEach((nodeId) => { + const node = nodeDb[nodeId]; + if (!node.parent) { + graph.children.push(node); + } + if (parentLookupDb.childrenById[nodeId] !== void 0) { + node.labels = [ + { + text: node.labelText, + layoutOptions: { + "nodeLabels.placement": "[H_CENTER, V_TOP, INSIDE]" + }, + width: node.labelData.width, + height: node.labelData.height + } + ]; + delete node.x; + delete node.y; + delete node.width; + delete node.height; + } + }); + insertChildren(graph.children, parentLookupDb); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("after layout", JSON.stringify(graph, null, 2)); + const g = await elk.layout(graph); + drawNodes(0, 0, g.children, svg, subGraphsEl, diagObj, 0); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("after layout", g); + (_a = g.edges) == null ? void 0 : _a.map((edge) => { + insertEdge(edgesEl, edge, edge.edgeData, diagObj, parentLookupDb); + }); + (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.s)({}, svg, conf2.diagramPadding, conf2.useMaxWidth); + renderEl.remove(); +}; +const drawNodes = (relX, relY, nodeArray, svg, subgraphsEl, diagObj, depth) => { + nodeArray.forEach(function(node) { + if (node) { + nodeDb[node.id].offset = { + posX: node.x + relX, + posY: node.y + relY, + x: relX, + y: relY, + depth, + width: node.width, + height: node.height + }; + if (node.type === "group") { + const subgraphEl = subgraphsEl.insert("g").attr("class", "subgraph"); + subgraphEl.insert("rect").attr("class", "subgraph subgraph-lvl-" + depth % 5 + " node").attr("x", node.x + relX).attr("y", node.y + relY).attr("width", node.width).attr("height", node.height); + const label = subgraphEl.insert("g").attr("class", "label"); + label.attr( + "transform", + `translate(${node.labels[0].x + relX + node.x}, ${node.labels[0].y + relY + node.y})` + ); + label.node().appendChild(node.labelData.labelNode); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("Id (UGH)= ", node.type, node.labels); + } else { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.l.info("Id (UGH)= ", node.id); + node.el.attr( + "transform", + `translate(${node.x + relX + node.width / 2}, ${node.y + relY + node.height / 2})` + ); + } + } + }); + nodeArray.forEach(function(node) { + if (node && node.type === "group") { + drawNodes(relX + node.x, relY + node.y, node.children, svg, subgraphsEl, diagObj, depth + 1); + } + }); +}; +const renderer = { + getClasses, + draw +}; +const genSections = (options) => { + let sections = ""; + for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { + sections += ` + .subgraph-lvl-${i} { + fill: ${options[`surface${i}`]}; + stroke: ${options[`surfacePeer${i}`]}; + } + `; + } + return sections; +}; +const getStyles = (options) => `.label { + font-family: ${options.fontFamily}; + color: ${options.nodeTextColor || options.textColor}; + } + .cluster-label text { + fill: ${options.titleColor}; + } + .cluster-label span { + color: ${options.titleColor}; + } + + .label text,span { + fill: ${options.nodeTextColor || options.textColor}; + color: ${options.nodeTextColor || options.textColor}; + } + + .node rect, + .node circle, + .node ellipse, + .node polygon, + .node path { + fill: ${options.mainBkg}; + stroke: ${options.nodeBorder}; + stroke-width: 1px; + } + + .node .label { + text-align: center; + } + .node.clickable { + cursor: pointer; + } + + .arrowheadPath { + fill: ${options.arrowheadColor}; + } + + .edgePath .path { + stroke: ${options.lineColor}; + stroke-width: 2.0px; + } + + .flowchart-link { + stroke: ${options.lineColor}; + fill: none; + } + + .edgeLabel { + background-color: ${options.edgeLabelBackground}; + rect { + opacity: 0.5; + background-color: ${options.edgeLabelBackground}; + fill: ${options.edgeLabelBackground}; + } + text-align: center; + } + + .cluster rect { + fill: ${options.clusterBkg}; + stroke: ${options.clusterBorder}; + stroke-width: 1px; + } + + .cluster text { + fill: ${options.titleColor}; + } + + .cluster span { + color: ${options.titleColor}; + } + /* .cluster div { + color: ${options.titleColor}; + } */ + + div.mermaidTooltip { + position: absolute; + text-align: center; + max-width: 200px; + padding: 2px; + font-family: ${options.fontFamily}; + font-size: 12px; + background: ${options.tertiaryColor}; + border: 1px solid ${options.border2}; + border-radius: 2px; + pointer-events: none; + z-index: 100; + } + + .flowchartTitleText { + text-anchor: middle; + font-size: 18px; + fill: ${options.textColor}; + } + .subgraph { + stroke-width:2; + rx:3; + } + // .subgraph-lvl-1 { + // fill:#ccc; + // // stroke:black; + // } + ${genSections(options)} +`; +const styles = getStyles; +const diagram = { + db: _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.h, + renderer, + parser: _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__.p, + styles +}; + +//# sourceMappingURL=diagram-definition.e55ec334.js.map + + +/***/ }) + +}; +; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/20f44f94.f9274e66.js b/docs/assets/js/20f44f94.f9274e66.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f36b63b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/20f44f94.f9274e66.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[81079],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function o(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function a(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=t.createContext({}),c=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},p=function(e){var r=c(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),m=o,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||a;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},p),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},p))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,o=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var t=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/events"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},p,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::types::Address;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Variable,\n owner: Variable
,\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet => 1,\n NotAnOwner => 2,\n }\n}\n\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_exception"),". This is how you will\nuse it:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},'use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};\nuse super::Error;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_owner_error() {\n let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {\n owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());\n })\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, because we are calling the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),' method as an address which is not an "owner",\nwe are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.'),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractRef::at()")," and passing to it\nits Address. Note that ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractDeployer::init()")," returns the same type.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/2131dc9d.6cd5a464.js b/docs/assets/js/2131dc9d.6cd5a464.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8c267504 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/2131dc9d.6cd5a464.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95310],{31582:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/21d4362d.9aa7b094.js b/docs/assets/js/21d4362d.9aa7b094.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5daca4216 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/21d4362d.9aa7b094.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[47646],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var u=a.createContext({}),i=function(e){var t=a.useContext(u),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=i(e.components);return a.createElement(u.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,u=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=i(n),m=r,f=c["".concat(u,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=c;var l={};for(var u in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,u)&&(l[u]=t[u]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var i=2;i{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>i});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"version-1.0.0/tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/access-control"},next:{title:"Ticketing System",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/nft"}},u={},i=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],d={toc:i};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n PausedRequired = 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired = 1_001,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n...\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Paused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausableCounter"),". The contract consists of a Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," and a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::SubModule;\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Var,\n pauseable: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n contract.increment();\n contract.pause();\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),\n Error::UnpausedRequired.into()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/21fc20bd.3d44a9ed.js b/docs/assets/js/21fc20bd.3d44a9ed.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a42308907 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/21fc20bd.3d44a9ed.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[5724],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=t(67294);function a(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(o=o.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=o.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},r)}},u=o.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?o.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var o=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.3.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the Odra main repository."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. 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Odra lets you forget about it by introducing\nOdra Events. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"use odra::{Event, contract_env};\nuse odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PartyContract {\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&self) {\n PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n }.emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, we derive an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Event")," macro like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Among other things, it adds an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit()")," function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply\nas that:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n}.emit();\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a handy macro ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\nuse crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;\nuse super::PartyContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();\n assert_events!(\n party_contract,\n PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env::get_account(0),\n block_time: 0,\n }\n );\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/24942c38.c6eb3e72.js b/docs/assets/js/24942c38.c6eb3e72.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b74b4e922 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/24942c38.c6eb3e72.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[28511],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function l(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var l=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,l=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||l;return t?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var l=t.length,o=new Array(l);o[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>l,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const l={},o="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.8.0/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/advanced/01-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256,\n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256, \n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule,\n exchange: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/24bf3011.896e175e.js b/docs/assets/js/24bf3011.896e175e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e3cc2d65 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/24bf3011.896e175e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[36882],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var i=n.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=n.useContext(i),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return n.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},p=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(a),m=r,h=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,l(l({ref:t},d),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,l({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(s[i]=t[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=s;for(var u=2;u{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>u});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={},l="Module Composer",s={unversionedId:"advanced/composer",id:"version-0.3.1/advanced/composer",title:"Module Composer",description:"The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/advanced/01-composer.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/composer",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/composer",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/delegate"}},i={},u=[{value:"Conceptual Overview",id:"conceptual-overview",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"module-composer"},"Module Composer"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conceptual-overview"},"Conceptual Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n value: Variable, // the default namespace would be "contract_value"\n module: Module\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Module {\n secret: Variable // the default namespace would be "contract_module_secret"\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial. Here, the Module Composer comes in."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, the Module Composer shortens the storage key - a handy side effect of shared storage. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For each module, Odra generates a corresponding Composer struct (e.g., ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyContractComposer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyContract")," module), which aids in manual module composition."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the #","[odra::module]"," macro generates an implementation of the odra::Instance trait, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace. To disable this behavior, pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"skip_instance")," argument to the #","[odra::module]"," macro."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a simple code example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::{Instance, Variable, Composer};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct SharedStorage {\n pub value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyStorage {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub version: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MoreStorage {\n pub my_storage: MyStorage,\n pub extra: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module(skip_instance)]\npub struct ComplexContract {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub more_storage: MoreStorage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ComplexContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String, extra: u32) {\n self.more_storage.my_storage.version.set(version);\n self.shared.value.set(value);\n self.more_storage.extra.set(extra);\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {\n self.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {\n self.more_storage.my_storage.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_extra_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.more_storage.extra.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Instance for ComplexContract {\n fn instance(namespace: &str) -> Self {\n let value = Composer::new(namespace, "v").compose();\n let shared = SharedStorageComposer::new(namespace, "shared")\n .with_value(&value)\n .compose();\n let my_storage = MyStorageComposer::new(namespace, "my_storage")\n .with_shared(&shared)\n .compose();\n let more_storage = MoreStorageComposer::new(namespace, "more_storage")\n .with_my_storage(&my_storage)\n .compose();\n Self { shared, more_storage }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn t() {\n let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();\n let extra_value: u32 = 314;\n let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);\n\n assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we've introduced a new module, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", which nests ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyStorage")," and includes an extra value. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ComplexContract")," contains ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SharedStorage")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the contract level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_shared_value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MyStorage")," module level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_more_storage_shared_value"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This example showcases how you can effectively use the Module Composer feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To customize the storage building block, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Composer")," which API matches to modules composers API.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Module Composer in Odra provides developers with a high level of flexibility and control over module behavior in their smart contracts. This guide, complete with a practical example, should give you a good understanding of the feature. Embrace the power of the Module Composer and unleash the full potential of your smart contracts!"))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/252d6971.b2640c03.js b/docs/assets/js/252d6971.b2640c03.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..852c32c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/252d6971.b2640c03.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59543],{5582:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/25684.b0063456.js b/docs/assets/js/25684.b0063456.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..358df7c84 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/25684.b0063456.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25684],{29039:(e,s,a)=>{"use strict";a.d(s,{Z:()=>b});var t=a(31336);const b=t},15525:()=>{}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/26441f8e.07ba3604.js b/docs/assets/js/26441f8e.07ba3604.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70e45d738 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/26441f8e.07ba3604.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[7742],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>g});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=l(n),g=a,f=d["".concat(c,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||p[g]||s;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function g(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(o[c]=t[c]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=o;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={},i="Signatures",o={unversionedId:"advanced/signatures",id:"version-0.6.0/advanced/signatures",title:"Signatures",description:"As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/advanced/05-signatures.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/signatures",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/signatures",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/backends"}},c={},l=[{value:"Signature verification",id:"signature-verification",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"ECRecover",id:"ecrecover",level:2}],u={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"signatures"},"Signatures"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs,\nOdra Framework provides a generic function for signature verification inside the contract context.\nThanks to this, you can write your code once, without worrying about underlying cryptography."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"signature-verification"},"Signature verification"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Signature verification is conducted by a function in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub fn verify_signature(message: &Bytes, signature: &Bytes, public_key: &PublicKey) -> bool;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here's the simplest example of this function used in a contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl SignatureVerifier {\n pub fn verify_signature(\n &self,\n message: &Bytes,\n signature: &Bytes,\n public_key: &PublicKey\n ) -> bool {\n contract_env::verify_signature(message, signature, public_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides the above function in the contract context, Odra provides corresponding functions in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub fn sign_message(message: &Bytes, address: &Address) -> Bytes;\n\npub fn public_key(address: &Address) -> PublicKey;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sign_message")," will return a signed message. The signing itself will be performed using a private key\nof an account behind the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"public_key")," returns the PublicKey of an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"address")," account."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to those, you can write generic tests, that will work with all backends, despite differences\nin signature schemes they use."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},'#[test]\nfn signature_verification_works() {\n let message = "Message to be signed";\n let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());\n let account = test_env::get_account(0);\n\n let signature = test_env::sign_message(message_bytes, &account);\n\n let public_key = test_env::public_key(&account);\n\n let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();\n assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, &signature, &public_key));\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want, you can also test signatures that were created outside Odra.\nHowever, you will need to prepare separate tests for each backend:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},'/// The following test checks that the signature verification works with the signature produced\n/// by the casper wallet.\n#[test]\n#[cfg(feature = "casper")]\nfn verify_signature_casper_wallet() {\n use odra::casper::casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes;\n // Casper Wallet for the message "Ahoj przygodo!" signed using SECP256K1 key\n // produces the following signature:\n // 1e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa\n // Casper Wallet adds "Casper Message:\\n" prefix to the message:\n let message = "Casper Message:\\nAhoj przygodo!";\n let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());\n\n // Depending on the type of the key, we need to prefix the signature with a tag:\n // 0x01 for ED25519\n // 0x02 for SECP256K1\n let signature_hex = "021e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa";\n let signature: [u8; 65] = hex::decode(signature_hex).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();\n let signature_bytes = &Bytes::from(signature.to_vec());\n\n // Similar to the above, the public key is tagged:\n let public_key_hex = "02036d9b880e44254afaf34330e57703a63aec53b5918d4470059b67a4a906350105";\n let public_key_decoded = hex::decode(public_key_hex).unwrap();\n let (public_key, _) = odra::casper::casper_types::crypto::PublicKey::from_bytes(\n public_key_decoded.as_slice()\n )\n .unwrap();\n\n let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();\n assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, signature_bytes, &public_key));\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"ecrecover"},"ECRecover"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra-proposal#odra-standard-library"},"Odra Standard Library"),"\npart of the original Odra Proposal mentioned ECRecover as one of the functions that will be\nimplemented by the Odra Framework. We decided to add signatures verification instead."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The reasoning behind this decision is that the ECRecover works only with one type of signature.\nOdra tries to be backend-agnostic, which implies that it should also be signature-type-agnostic.\nThis was possible to achieve when implementing generic signature verification, but not with ECRecover."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In short, the implementation of ECRecover would not depend on the backend, pushing it into some kind of\nutils library, and those already exist, for example in\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/secp256k1_recover/index.html#"},"solana_program"),"\ncrate."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/26ab3a9c.da36b1ce.js b/docs/assets/js/26ab3a9c.da36b1ce.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3cf99ddb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/26ab3a9c.da36b1ce.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[79106],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function n(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,a)}return r}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(r),m=o,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return r?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var n=r.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var a=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-1.0.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the [Odra main repository].",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra main repository"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/274ccf11.4e6ac37f.js b/docs/assets/js/274ccf11.4e6ac37f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2985e2ad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/274ccf11.4e6ac37f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37057],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),d=o,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/host.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/host.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable,\n created_at: Variable,\n created_by: Variable
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_block_time()")," will return\nthe current block time wrapped in Odra type ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Blocktime"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()")," will return an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," of\na caller (this can be an external caller or another contract)."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/28efbf3f.b6ef9373.js b/docs/assets/js/28efbf3f.b6ef9373.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..948a4a8fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/28efbf3f.b6ef9373.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[42240],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=a,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"Test env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Deployer",id:"deployer",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},'use odra::{Variable, List};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::DogContract3Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(module)]")," macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the\nVM:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},'let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test env"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::TestingContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_env() {\n let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert!(creator != creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::test_env::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract.\nThe last segment of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will\nbe in the above case named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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We are using two features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/mock-vm")," - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/casper")," - backend implementation of Casper blockchain\nMore backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"builder_-folders"},".builder_* folders"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary\nfor building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify\nfiles in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".")," at the beginning of the\nfolder name)."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/2b7acc9d.f7a4bee4.js b/docs/assets/js/2b7acc9d.f7a4bee4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56ff26872 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/2b7acc9d.f7a4bee4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[34923],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where\nthe contract is defined."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nname = "counter"\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. To run ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo update")," on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders\nyou can use this command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra update\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/2c824dec.00faeb2d.js b/docs/assets/js/2c824dec.00faeb2d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9aca4f44 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/2c824dec.00faeb2d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[88367],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=p(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(t),m=r,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.5.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},p=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra allows nested ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, what we utilize to store allowances.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .set(spender, new_allowance);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/2fe15297.2add7442.js b/docs/assets/js/2fe15297.2add7442.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee9a35536 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/2fe15297.2add7442.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use 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like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM"),",\nor a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/31372b4d.9f500a79.js b/docs/assets/js/31372b4d.9f500a79.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..342a407a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/31372b4d.9f500a79.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[52675],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},m=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=p(a),c=r,f=m["".concat(l,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||d[c]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=m;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Var",id:"var",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"var"},"Var"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Var,\n weight: Var,\n name: Var,\n walks: Var>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Var,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Var working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{List, Var};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Var\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Var,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/features/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. Let's see how to implement a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Dog")," type: "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute .")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3152febb.c41e5ef3.js b/docs/assets/js/3152febb.c41e5ef3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2505a59fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3152febb.c41e5ef3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[60225],{43492:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/31959af2.7b5be119.js b/docs/assets/js/31959af2.7b5be119.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ab3ee830 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/31959af2.7b5be119.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[53911],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var 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As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"constructors"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\nstruct Counter {\n value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about constructors ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes#init"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Required arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Optional arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]"),", this should be set to the constructor name."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"constructor arguments that match entry point set in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-deploys"},"Contract Deploys"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:\'initialize\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.5.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.5.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.4.0/odra-casper/livenet/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/34731735.3ab0e6a8.js b/docs/assets/js/34731735.3ab0e6a8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2ce406fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/34731735.3ab0e6a8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[15604],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),i=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=i(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=i(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var i=2;i{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>i});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/docs/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper Contract Schema",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/modules"}},c={},i=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Loading the contract",id:"loading-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:i};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\n MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To perform a cross-contact call, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostRef")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article - a host side reference to already deployed contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the module context we use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractRef")," instead, to call other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," is generated automatically,\nby the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc, address: Address)"),", as shown above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address()")," function, which returns the address of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderContractRef")," struct (and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderHostRef")," to be used in tests, but do not implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer")," trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"loading-the-contract"},"Loading the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test\nour contracts in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/livenet"},"Livenet")," backend. We can load the contract using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"load")," method on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"',title:'"examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"'},'fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {\n let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n ::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_cross_calls() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(\n &test_env,\n CrossContractInitArgs {\n math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()\n }\n );\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that we intend to utilize."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);\n *contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3593900a.4e34e084.js b/docs/assets/js/3593900a.4e34e084.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7959d616a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3593900a.4e34e084.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[15376],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},h=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=c(n),u=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(u)]||h[u]||p[u]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function u(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,i=new Array(r);i[0]=h;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:3},i="Livenet",l={unversionedId:"backends/livenet",id:"version-0.9.1/backends/livenet",title:"Livenet",description:"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/backends/04-livenet.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/examples"}},s={},c=[{value:"Setup",id:"setup",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"How Livenet backend works",id:"how-livenet-backend-works",level:2},{value:"Multiple environments",id:"multiple-environments",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"livenet"},"Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local\ntest node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend\nto handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM,\nhowever, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state.\nThis lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but\non the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to\npay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"faucet"),"\nto get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed\nfor each action."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state -\nwe can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"advance_block_time")," function\nis implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running\nthe regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will\nuse a slightly different workflow to test the contracts."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"setup"},"Setup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private\nkey and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use\nmore than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env\nfile to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/examples/.env.sample"},".env.sample")," file from\nexamples folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env"},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used\n# to deploy the contracts.\n# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit\n# the secret key to the repository.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network. Known values:\n# - integration-test\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test\n\n# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.\n# Main secret key will be 0th account.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find\na simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"},"erc20_on_livenet.rs")," file.\nLet's go through the code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'fn main() {\n // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize\n // the environment:\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the\n // OdraVM backend.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,\n // so we need to provide them\n // if we did not import their secret keys.\n let recipient = \n "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Arguments for the contract init method.\n let name = String::from("Plascoin");\n let symbol = String::from("PLS");\n let decimals = 10u8;\n let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);\n \n // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify\n // the gas limit for each action.\n // The limit will be used for every consecutive action\n // until we change it.\n env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);\n \n // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.\n let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)\n };\n let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);\n \n // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Uncomment to load existing contract.\n // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract\n // that is already deployed.\n // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);\n\n // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.\n println!("Token name: {}", token.name());\n\n // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,\n // so we change the amount of gas\n env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);\n token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));\n\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));\n println!("Recipient\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[bin]\nname = "erc20_on_livenet"\npath = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n'))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," feature enabled:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A part of a sample output should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'...\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.\nOwner\'s balance: 4004\nRecipient\'s balance: 4000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing.\nEach deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute.\nWe can see that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer")," call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," was nearly instant\nand cost us nothing. How it is possible?"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can see the deployment on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://cspr.live/"},"http://cspr.live/")," - the transfer from the example\ncan be seen ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://integration.cspr.live/deploy/65b1a5d21174a62c675f89683aba995c453b942c705b404a1f8bbf6f0f6de32a"},"here"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"how-livenet-backend-works"},"How Livenet backend works"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state.\nIt is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the\nnode is the current state. This is why the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," call was almost instant and free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract\n(see ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross Calls"),"), it is executed offline and\nnode is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts\nand the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"multiple-environments"},"Multiple environments"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts,\nmultiple nodes or even multiple chains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To do this, simply create a new ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with a different prefix - for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet.env"),".\nThen, pass the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV")," variable with value either ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet")," to select which file\nhas to be used first. If your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file has a value that IS present in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file, it will\noverride the value from the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To sum up - this command will firstly load the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file and then load the missing values from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/35d161a3.f591f5a6.js b/docs/assets/js/35d161a3.f591f5a6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78864ddaa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/35d161a3.f591f5a6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[57464],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},u=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},u),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},u))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/events"}},l={},p=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},u,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, OdraError, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Var,\n owner: Var
\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet = 1,\n NotAnOwner = 2\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An error should be a field-less enum. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The enum must derive from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Avoid implicit discriminants.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};\n use odra::host::Deployer;\n use odra::prelude::*;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_owner_error() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let owner = test_env.get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);\n\n test_env.set_caller(owner);\n let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {\n name: "OwnedContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);\n assert_eq!(\n owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),\n Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," has ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_{{entry_point_name}}")," functions that return an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult")),".\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractHostRef")," implements regular entrypoints: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),", and\nand safe its safe version: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we are calling ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name")," and expecting an error to be thrown.\nFor assertions, we are using a standard ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro. 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}; +/******/ +/******/ // __webpack_public_path__ +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_643__.p = ""; +/******/ +/******/ // Load entry module and return exports +/******/ return __nested_webpack_require_643__(__nested_webpack_require_643__.s = 7); +/******/ }) +/************************************************************************/ +/******/ ([ +/* 0 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports) { + +module.exports = __WEBPACK_EXTERNAL_MODULE_0__; + +/***/ }), +/* 1 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_3185__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var FDLayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_3185__(0).FDLayoutConstants; + +function CoSEConstants() {} + +//CoSEConstants inherits static props in FDLayoutConstants +for (var prop in FDLayoutConstants) { + CoSEConstants[prop] = FDLayoutConstants[prop]; +} + +CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_USE_MULTI_LEVEL_SCALING = false; +CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_RADIAL_SEPARATION = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH; +CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_COMPONENT_SEPERATION = 60; +CoSEConstants.TILE = true; +CoSEConstants.TILING_PADDING_VERTICAL = 10; +CoSEConstants.TILING_PADDING_HORIZONTAL = 10; +CoSEConstants.TREE_REDUCTION_ON_INCREMENTAL = false; // make this true when cose is used incrementally as a part of other non-incremental layout + +module.exports = CoSEConstants; + +/***/ }), +/* 2 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_4002__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var FDLayoutEdge = __nested_webpack_require_4002__(0).FDLayoutEdge; + +function CoSEEdge(source, target, vEdge) { + FDLayoutEdge.call(this, source, target, vEdge); +} + +CoSEEdge.prototype = Object.create(FDLayoutEdge.prototype); +for (var prop in FDLayoutEdge) { + CoSEEdge[prop] = FDLayoutEdge[prop]; +} + +module.exports = CoSEEdge; + +/***/ }), +/* 3 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_4409__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LGraph = __nested_webpack_require_4409__(0).LGraph; + +function CoSEGraph(parent, graphMgr, vGraph) { + LGraph.call(this, parent, graphMgr, vGraph); +} + +CoSEGraph.prototype = Object.create(LGraph.prototype); +for (var prop in LGraph) { + CoSEGraph[prop] = LGraph[prop]; +} + +module.exports = CoSEGraph; + +/***/ }), +/* 4 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_4790__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LGraphManager = __nested_webpack_require_4790__(0).LGraphManager; + +function CoSEGraphManager(layout) { + LGraphManager.call(this, layout); +} + +CoSEGraphManager.prototype = Object.create(LGraphManager.prototype); +for (var prop in LGraphManager) { + CoSEGraphManager[prop] = LGraphManager[prop]; +} + +module.exports = CoSEGraphManager; + +/***/ }), +/* 5 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_5205__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var FDLayoutNode = __nested_webpack_require_5205__(0).FDLayoutNode; +var IMath = __nested_webpack_require_5205__(0).IMath; + +function CoSENode(gm, loc, size, vNode) { + FDLayoutNode.call(this, gm, loc, size, vNode); +} + +CoSENode.prototype = Object.create(FDLayoutNode.prototype); +for (var prop in FDLayoutNode) { + CoSENode[prop] = FDLayoutNode[prop]; +} + +CoSENode.prototype.move = function () { + var layout = this.graphManager.getLayout(); + this.displacementX = layout.coolingFactor * (this.springForceX + this.repulsionForceX + this.gravitationForceX) / this.noOfChildren; + this.displacementY = layout.coolingFactor * (this.springForceY + this.repulsionForceY + this.gravitationForceY) / this.noOfChildren; + + if (Math.abs(this.displacementX) > layout.coolingFactor * layout.maxNodeDisplacement) { + this.displacementX = layout.coolingFactor * layout.maxNodeDisplacement * IMath.sign(this.displacementX); + } + + if (Math.abs(this.displacementY) > layout.coolingFactor * layout.maxNodeDisplacement) { + this.displacementY = layout.coolingFactor * layout.maxNodeDisplacement * IMath.sign(this.displacementY); + } + + // a simple node, just move it + if (this.child == null) { + this.moveBy(this.displacementX, this.displacementY); + } + // an empty compound node, again just move it + else if (this.child.getNodes().length == 0) { + this.moveBy(this.displacementX, this.displacementY); + } + // non-empty compound node, propogate movement to children as well + else { + this.propogateDisplacementToChildren(this.displacementX, this.displacementY); + } + + layout.totalDisplacement += Math.abs(this.displacementX) + Math.abs(this.displacementY); + + this.springForceX = 0; + this.springForceY = 0; + this.repulsionForceX = 0; + this.repulsionForceY = 0; + this.gravitationForceX = 0; + this.gravitationForceY = 0; + this.displacementX = 0; + this.displacementY = 0; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.propogateDisplacementToChildren = function (dX, dY) { + var nodes = this.getChild().getNodes(); + var node; + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + node = nodes[i]; + if (node.getChild() == null) { + node.moveBy(dX, dY); + node.displacementX += dX; + node.displacementY += dY; + } else { + node.propogateDisplacementToChildren(dX, dY); + } + } +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.setPred1 = function (pred1) { + this.pred1 = pred1; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.getPred1 = function () { + return pred1; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.getPred2 = function () { + return pred2; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.setNext = function (next) { + this.next = next; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.getNext = function () { + return next; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.setProcessed = function (processed) { + this.processed = processed; +}; + +CoSENode.prototype.isProcessed = function () { + return processed; +}; + +module.exports = CoSENode; + +/***/ }), +/* 6 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_8085__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var FDLayout = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).FDLayout; +var CoSEGraphManager = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(4); +var CoSEGraph = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(3); +var CoSENode = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(5); +var CoSEEdge = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(2); +var CoSEConstants = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(1); +var FDLayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).FDLayoutConstants; +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).LayoutConstants; +var Point = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).Point; +var PointD = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).PointD; +var Layout = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).Layout; +var Integer = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).Integer; +var IGeometry = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).IGeometry; +var LGraph = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).LGraph; +var Transform = __nested_webpack_require_8085__(0).Transform; + +function CoSELayout() { + FDLayout.call(this); + + this.toBeTiled = {}; // Memorize if a node is to be tiled or is tiled +} + +CoSELayout.prototype = Object.create(FDLayout.prototype); + +for (var prop in FDLayout) { + CoSELayout[prop] = FDLayout[prop]; +} + +CoSELayout.prototype.newGraphManager = function () { + var gm = new CoSEGraphManager(this); + this.graphManager = gm; + return gm; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.newGraph = function (vGraph) { + return new CoSEGraph(null, this.graphManager, vGraph); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.newNode = function (vNode) { + return new CoSENode(this.graphManager, vNode); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.newEdge = function (vEdge) { + return new CoSEEdge(null, null, vEdge); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.initParameters = function () { + FDLayout.prototype.initParameters.call(this, arguments); + if (!this.isSubLayout) { + if (CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH < 10) { + this.idealEdgeLength = 10; + } else { + this.idealEdgeLength = CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH; + } + + this.useSmartIdealEdgeLengthCalculation = CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_USE_SMART_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_CALCULATION; + this.springConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_SPRING_STRENGTH; + this.repulsionConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_REPULSION_STRENGTH; + this.gravityConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_STRENGTH; + this.compoundGravityConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_STRENGTH; + this.gravityRangeFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR; + this.compoundGravityRangeFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR; + + // variables for tree reduction support + this.prunedNodesAll = []; + this.growTreeIterations = 0; + this.afterGrowthIterations = 0; + this.isTreeGrowing = false; + this.isGrowthFinished = false; + + // variables for cooling + this.coolingCycle = 0; + this.maxCoolingCycle = this.maxIterations / FDLayoutConstants.CONVERGENCE_CHECK_PERIOD; + this.finalTemperature = FDLayoutConstants.CONVERGENCE_CHECK_PERIOD / this.maxIterations; + this.coolingAdjuster = 1; + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.layout = function () { + var createBendsAsNeeded = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_CREATE_BENDS_AS_NEEDED; + if (createBendsAsNeeded) { + this.createBendpoints(); + this.graphManager.resetAllEdges(); + } + + this.level = 0; + return this.classicLayout(); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.classicLayout = function () { + this.nodesWithGravity = this.calculateNodesToApplyGravitationTo(); + this.graphManager.setAllNodesToApplyGravitation(this.nodesWithGravity); + this.calcNoOfChildrenForAllNodes(); + this.graphManager.calcLowestCommonAncestors(); + this.graphManager.calcInclusionTreeDepths(); + this.graphManager.getRoot().calcEstimatedSize(); + this.calcIdealEdgeLengths(); + + if (!this.incremental) { + var forest = this.getFlatForest(); + + // The graph associated with this layout is flat and a forest + if (forest.length > 0) { + this.positionNodesRadially(forest); + } + // The graph associated with this layout is not flat or a forest + else { + // Reduce the trees when incremental mode is not enabled and graph is not a forest + this.reduceTrees(); + // Update nodes that gravity will be applied + this.graphManager.resetAllNodesToApplyGravitation(); + var allNodes = new Set(this.getAllNodes()); + var intersection = this.nodesWithGravity.filter(function (x) { + return allNodes.has(x); + }); + this.graphManager.setAllNodesToApplyGravitation(intersection); + + this.positionNodesRandomly(); + } + } else { + if (CoSEConstants.TREE_REDUCTION_ON_INCREMENTAL) { + // Reduce the trees in incremental mode if only this constant is set to true + this.reduceTrees(); + // Update nodes that gravity will be applied + this.graphManager.resetAllNodesToApplyGravitation(); + var allNodes = new Set(this.getAllNodes()); + var intersection = this.nodesWithGravity.filter(function (x) { + return allNodes.has(x); + }); + this.graphManager.setAllNodesToApplyGravitation(intersection); + } + } + + this.initSpringEmbedder(); + this.runSpringEmbedder(); + + return true; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.tick = function () { + this.totalIterations++; + + if (this.totalIterations === this.maxIterations && !this.isTreeGrowing && !this.isGrowthFinished) { + if (this.prunedNodesAll.length > 0) { + this.isTreeGrowing = true; + } else { + return true; + } + } + + if (this.totalIterations % FDLayoutConstants.CONVERGENCE_CHECK_PERIOD == 0 && !this.isTreeGrowing && !this.isGrowthFinished) { + if (this.isConverged()) { + if (this.prunedNodesAll.length > 0) { + this.isTreeGrowing = true; + } else { + return true; + } + } + + this.coolingCycle++; + + if (this.layoutQuality == 0) { + // quality - "draft" + this.coolingAdjuster = this.coolingCycle; + } else if (this.layoutQuality == 1) { + // quality - "default" + this.coolingAdjuster = this.coolingCycle / 3; + } + + // cooling schedule is based on http://www.btluke.com/simanf1.html -> cooling schedule 3 + this.coolingFactor = Math.max(this.initialCoolingFactor - Math.pow(this.coolingCycle, Math.log(100 * (this.initialCoolingFactor - this.finalTemperature)) / Math.log(this.maxCoolingCycle)) / 100 * this.coolingAdjuster, this.finalTemperature); + this.animationPeriod = Math.ceil(this.initialAnimationPeriod * Math.sqrt(this.coolingFactor)); + } + // Operations while tree is growing again + if (this.isTreeGrowing) { + if (this.growTreeIterations % 10 == 0) { + if (this.prunedNodesAll.length > 0) { + this.graphManager.updateBounds(); + this.updateGrid(); + this.growTree(this.prunedNodesAll); + // Update nodes that gravity will be applied + this.graphManager.resetAllNodesToApplyGravitation(); + var allNodes = new Set(this.getAllNodes()); + var intersection = this.nodesWithGravity.filter(function (x) { + return allNodes.has(x); + }); + this.graphManager.setAllNodesToApplyGravitation(intersection); + + this.graphManager.updateBounds(); + this.updateGrid(); + this.coolingFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL; + } else { + this.isTreeGrowing = false; + this.isGrowthFinished = true; + } + } + this.growTreeIterations++; + } + // Operations after growth is finished + if (this.isGrowthFinished) { + if (this.isConverged()) { + return true; + } + if (this.afterGrowthIterations % 10 == 0) { + this.graphManager.updateBounds(); + this.updateGrid(); + } + this.coolingFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL * ((100 - this.afterGrowthIterations) / 100); + this.afterGrowthIterations++; + } + + var gridUpdateAllowed = !this.isTreeGrowing && !this.isGrowthFinished; + var forceToNodeSurroundingUpdate = this.growTreeIterations % 10 == 1 && this.isTreeGrowing || this.afterGrowthIterations % 10 == 1 && this.isGrowthFinished; + + this.totalDisplacement = 0; + this.graphManager.updateBounds(); + this.calcSpringForces(); + this.calcRepulsionForces(gridUpdateAllowed, forceToNodeSurroundingUpdate); + this.calcGravitationalForces(); + this.moveNodes(); + this.animate(); + + return false; // Layout is not ended yet return false +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.getPositionsData = function () { + var allNodes = this.graphManager.getAllNodes(); + var pData = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < allNodes.length; i++) { + var rect = allNodes[i].rect; + var id = allNodes[i].id; + pData[id] = { + id: id, + x: rect.getCenterX(), + y: rect.getCenterY(), + w: rect.width, + h: rect.height + }; + } + + return pData; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.runSpringEmbedder = function () { + this.initialAnimationPeriod = 25; + this.animationPeriod = this.initialAnimationPeriod; + var layoutEnded = false; + + // If aminate option is 'during' signal that layout is supposed to start iterating + if (FDLayoutConstants.ANIMATE === 'during') { + this.emit('layoutstarted'); + } else { + // If aminate option is 'during' tick() function will be called on index.js + while (!layoutEnded) { + layoutEnded = this.tick(); + } + + this.graphManager.updateBounds(); + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.calculateNodesToApplyGravitationTo = function () { + var nodeList = []; + var graph; + + var graphs = this.graphManager.getGraphs(); + var size = graphs.length; + var i; + for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { + graph = graphs[i]; + + graph.updateConnected(); + + if (!graph.isConnected) { + nodeList = nodeList.concat(graph.getNodes()); + } + } + + return nodeList; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.createBendpoints = function () { + var edges = []; + edges = edges.concat(this.graphManager.getAllEdges()); + var visited = new Set(); + var i; + for (i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge = edges[i]; + + if (!visited.has(edge)) { + var source = edge.getSource(); + var target = edge.getTarget(); + + if (source == target) { + edge.getBendpoints().push(new PointD()); + edge.getBendpoints().push(new PointD()); + this.createDummyNodesForBendpoints(edge); + visited.add(edge); + } else { + var edgeList = []; + + edgeList = edgeList.concat(source.getEdgeListToNode(target)); + edgeList = edgeList.concat(target.getEdgeListToNode(source)); + + if (!visited.has(edgeList[0])) { + if (edgeList.length > 1) { + var k; + for (k = 0; k < edgeList.length; k++) { + var multiEdge = edgeList[k]; + multiEdge.getBendpoints().push(new PointD()); + this.createDummyNodesForBendpoints(multiEdge); + } + } + edgeList.forEach(function (edge) { + visited.add(edge); + }); + } + } + } + + if (visited.size == edges.length) { + break; + } + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.positionNodesRadially = function (forest) { + // We tile the trees to a grid row by row; first tree starts at (0,0) + var currentStartingPoint = new Point(0, 0); + var numberOfColumns = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(forest.length)); + var height = 0; + var currentY = 0; + var currentX = 0; + var point = new PointD(0, 0); + + for (var i = 0; i < forest.length; i++) { + if (i % numberOfColumns == 0) { + // Start of a new row, make the x coordinate 0, increment the + // y coordinate with the max height of the previous row + currentX = 0; + currentY = height; + + if (i != 0) { + currentY += CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_COMPONENT_SEPERATION; + } + + height = 0; + } + + var tree = forest[i]; + + // Find the center of the tree + var centerNode = Layout.findCenterOfTree(tree); + + // Set the staring point of the next tree + currentStartingPoint.x = currentX; + currentStartingPoint.y = currentY; + + // Do a radial layout starting with the center + point = CoSELayout.radialLayout(tree, centerNode, currentStartingPoint); + + if (point.y > height) { + height = Math.floor(point.y); + } + + currentX = Math.floor(point.x + CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_COMPONENT_SEPERATION); + } + + this.transform(new PointD(LayoutConstants.WORLD_CENTER_X - point.x / 2, LayoutConstants.WORLD_CENTER_Y - point.y / 2)); +}; + +CoSELayout.radialLayout = function (tree, centerNode, startingPoint) { + var radialSep = Math.max(this.maxDiagonalInTree(tree), CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_RADIAL_SEPARATION); + CoSELayout.branchRadialLayout(centerNode, null, 0, 359, 0, radialSep); + var bounds = LGraph.calculateBounds(tree); + + var transform = new Transform(); + transform.setDeviceOrgX(bounds.getMinX()); + transform.setDeviceOrgY(bounds.getMinY()); + transform.setWorldOrgX(startingPoint.x); + transform.setWorldOrgY(startingPoint.y); + + for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) { + var node = tree[i]; + node.transform(transform); + } + + var bottomRight = new PointD(bounds.getMaxX(), bounds.getMaxY()); + + return transform.inverseTransformPoint(bottomRight); +}; + +CoSELayout.branchRadialLayout = function (node, parentOfNode, startAngle, endAngle, distance, radialSeparation) { + // First, position this node by finding its angle. + var halfInterval = (endAngle - startAngle + 1) / 2; + + if (halfInterval < 0) { + halfInterval += 180; + } + + var nodeAngle = (halfInterval + startAngle) % 360; + var teta = nodeAngle * IGeometry.TWO_PI / 360; + + // Make polar to java cordinate conversion. + var cos_teta = Math.cos(teta); + var x_ = distance * Math.cos(teta); + var y_ = distance * Math.sin(teta); + + node.setCenter(x_, y_); + + // Traverse all neighbors of this node and recursively call this + // function. + var neighborEdges = []; + neighborEdges = neighborEdges.concat(node.getEdges()); + var childCount = neighborEdges.length; + + if (parentOfNode != null) { + childCount--; + } + + var branchCount = 0; + + var incEdgesCount = neighborEdges.length; + var startIndex; + + var edges = node.getEdgesBetween(parentOfNode); + + // If there are multiple edges, prune them until there remains only one + // edge. + while (edges.length > 1) { + //neighborEdges.remove(edges.remove(0)); + var temp = edges[0]; + edges.splice(0, 1); + var index = neighborEdges.indexOf(temp); + if (index >= 0) { + neighborEdges.splice(index, 1); + } + incEdgesCount--; + childCount--; + } + + if (parentOfNode != null) { + //assert edges.length == 1; + startIndex = (neighborEdges.indexOf(edges[0]) + 1) % incEdgesCount; + } else { + startIndex = 0; + } + + var stepAngle = Math.abs(endAngle - startAngle) / childCount; + + for (var i = startIndex; branchCount != childCount; i = ++i % incEdgesCount) { + var currentNeighbor = neighborEdges[i].getOtherEnd(node); + + // Don't back traverse to root node in current tree. + if (currentNeighbor == parentOfNode) { + continue; + } + + var childStartAngle = (startAngle + branchCount * stepAngle) % 360; + var childEndAngle = (childStartAngle + stepAngle) % 360; + + CoSELayout.branchRadialLayout(currentNeighbor, node, childStartAngle, childEndAngle, distance + radialSeparation, radialSeparation); + + branchCount++; + } +}; + +CoSELayout.maxDiagonalInTree = function (tree) { + var maxDiagonal = Integer.MIN_VALUE; + + for (var i = 0; i < tree.length; i++) { + var node = tree[i]; + var diagonal = node.getDiagonal(); + + if (diagonal > maxDiagonal) { + maxDiagonal = diagonal; + } + } + + return maxDiagonal; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.calcRepulsionRange = function () { + // formula is 2 x (level + 1) x idealEdgeLength + return 2 * (this.level + 1) * this.idealEdgeLength; +}; + +// Tiling methods + +// Group zero degree members whose parents are not to be tiled, create dummy parents where needed and fill memberGroups by their dummp parent id's +CoSELayout.prototype.groupZeroDegreeMembers = function () { + var self = this; + // array of [parent_id x oneDegreeNode_id] + var tempMemberGroups = {}; // A temporary map of parent node and its zero degree members + this.memberGroups = {}; // A map of dummy parent node and its zero degree members whose parents are not to be tiled + this.idToDummyNode = {}; // A map of id to dummy node + + var zeroDegree = []; // List of zero degree nodes whose parents are not to be tiled + var allNodes = this.graphManager.getAllNodes(); + + // Fill zero degree list + for (var i = 0; i < allNodes.length; i++) { + var node = allNodes[i]; + var parent = node.getParent(); + // If a node has zero degree and its parent is not to be tiled if exists add that node to zeroDegres list + if (this.getNodeDegreeWithChildren(node) === 0 && (parent.id == undefined || !this.getToBeTiled(parent))) { + zeroDegree.push(node); + } + } + + // Create a map of parent node and its zero degree members + for (var i = 0; i < zeroDegree.length; i++) { + var node = zeroDegree[i]; // Zero degree node itself + var p_id = node.getParent().id; // Parent id + + if (typeof tempMemberGroups[p_id] === "undefined") tempMemberGroups[p_id] = []; + + tempMemberGroups[p_id] = tempMemberGroups[p_id].concat(node); // Push node to the list belongs to its parent in tempMemberGroups + } + + // If there are at least two nodes at a level, create a dummy compound for them + Object.keys(tempMemberGroups).forEach(function (p_id) { + if (tempMemberGroups[p_id].length > 1) { + var dummyCompoundId = "DummyCompound_" + p_id; // The id of dummy compound which will be created soon + self.memberGroups[dummyCompoundId] = tempMemberGroups[p_id]; // Add dummy compound to memberGroups + + var parent = tempMemberGroups[p_id][0].getParent(); // The parent of zero degree nodes will be the parent of new dummy compound + + // Create a dummy compound with calculated id + var dummyCompound = new CoSENode(self.graphManager); + dummyCompound.id = dummyCompoundId; + dummyCompound.paddingLeft = parent.paddingLeft || 0; + dummyCompound.paddingRight = parent.paddingRight || 0; + dummyCompound.paddingBottom = parent.paddingBottom || 0; + dummyCompound.paddingTop = parent.paddingTop || 0; + + self.idToDummyNode[dummyCompoundId] = dummyCompound; + + var dummyParentGraph = self.getGraphManager().add(self.newGraph(), dummyCompound); + var parentGraph = parent.getChild(); + + // Add dummy compound to parent the graph + parentGraph.add(dummyCompound); + + // For each zero degree node in this level remove it from its parent graph and add it to the graph of dummy parent + for (var i = 0; i < tempMemberGroups[p_id].length; i++) { + var node = tempMemberGroups[p_id][i]; + + parentGraph.remove(node); + dummyParentGraph.add(node); + } + } + }); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.clearCompounds = function () { + var childGraphMap = {}; + var idToNode = {}; + + // Get compound ordering by finding the inner one first + this.performDFSOnCompounds(); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.compoundOrder.length; i++) { + + idToNode[this.compoundOrder[i].id] = this.compoundOrder[i]; + childGraphMap[this.compoundOrder[i].id] = [].concat(this.compoundOrder[i].getChild().getNodes()); + + // Remove children of compounds + this.graphManager.remove(this.compoundOrder[i].getChild()); + this.compoundOrder[i].child = null; + } + + this.graphManager.resetAllNodes(); + + // Tile the removed children + this.tileCompoundMembers(childGraphMap, idToNode); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.clearZeroDegreeMembers = function () { + var self = this; + var tiledZeroDegreePack = this.tiledZeroDegreePack = []; + + Object.keys(this.memberGroups).forEach(function (id) { + var compoundNode = self.idToDummyNode[id]; // Get the dummy compound + + tiledZeroDegreePack[id] = self.tileNodes(self.memberGroups[id], compoundNode.paddingLeft + compoundNode.paddingRight); + + // Set the width and height of the dummy compound as calculated + compoundNode.rect.width = tiledZeroDegreePack[id].width; + compoundNode.rect.height = tiledZeroDegreePack[id].height; + }); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.repopulateCompounds = function () { + for (var i = this.compoundOrder.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var lCompoundNode = this.compoundOrder[i]; + var id = lCompoundNode.id; + var horizontalMargin = lCompoundNode.paddingLeft; + var verticalMargin = lCompoundNode.paddingTop; + + this.adjustLocations(this.tiledMemberPack[id], lCompoundNode.rect.x, lCompoundNode.rect.y, horizontalMargin, verticalMargin); + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.repopulateZeroDegreeMembers = function () { + var self = this; + var tiledPack = this.tiledZeroDegreePack; + + Object.keys(tiledPack).forEach(function (id) { + var compoundNode = self.idToDummyNode[id]; // Get the dummy compound by its id + var horizontalMargin = compoundNode.paddingLeft; + var verticalMargin = compoundNode.paddingTop; + + // Adjust the positions of nodes wrt its compound + self.adjustLocations(tiledPack[id], compoundNode.rect.x, compoundNode.rect.y, horizontalMargin, verticalMargin); + }); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.getToBeTiled = function (node) { + var id = node.id; + //firstly check the previous results + if (this.toBeTiled[id] != null) { + return this.toBeTiled[id]; + } + + //only compound nodes are to be tiled + var childGraph = node.getChild(); + if (childGraph == null) { + this.toBeTiled[id] = false; + return false; + } + + var children = childGraph.getNodes(); // Get the children nodes + + //a compound node is not to be tiled if all of its compound children are not to be tiled + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + var theChild = children[i]; + + if (this.getNodeDegree(theChild) > 0) { + this.toBeTiled[id] = false; + return false; + } + + //pass the children not having the compound structure + if (theChild.getChild() == null) { + this.toBeTiled[theChild.id] = false; + continue; + } + + if (!this.getToBeTiled(theChild)) { + this.toBeTiled[id] = false; + return false; + } + } + this.toBeTiled[id] = true; + return true; +}; + +// Get degree of a node depending of its edges and independent of its children +CoSELayout.prototype.getNodeDegree = function (node) { + var id = node.id; + var edges = node.getEdges(); + var degree = 0; + + // For the edges connected + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge = edges[i]; + if (edge.getSource().id !== edge.getTarget().id) { + degree = degree + 1; + } + } + return degree; +}; + +// Get degree of a node with its children +CoSELayout.prototype.getNodeDegreeWithChildren = function (node) { + var degree = this.getNodeDegree(node); + if (node.getChild() == null) { + return degree; + } + var children = node.getChild().getNodes(); + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + var child = children[i]; + degree += this.getNodeDegreeWithChildren(child); + } + return degree; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.performDFSOnCompounds = function () { + this.compoundOrder = []; + this.fillCompexOrderByDFS(this.graphManager.getRoot().getNodes()); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.fillCompexOrderByDFS = function (children) { + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + var child = children[i]; + if (child.getChild() != null) { + this.fillCompexOrderByDFS(child.getChild().getNodes()); + } + if (this.getToBeTiled(child)) { + this.compoundOrder.push(child); + } + } +}; + +/** +* This method places each zero degree member wrt given (x,y) coordinates (top left). +*/ +CoSELayout.prototype.adjustLocations = function (organization, x, y, compoundHorizontalMargin, compoundVerticalMargin) { + x += compoundHorizontalMargin; + y += compoundVerticalMargin; + + var left = x; + + for (var i = 0; i < organization.rows.length; i++) { + var row = organization.rows[i]; + x = left; + var maxHeight = 0; + + for (var j = 0; j < row.length; j++) { + var lnode = row[j]; + + lnode.rect.x = x; // + lnode.rect.width / 2; + lnode.rect.y = y; // + lnode.rect.height / 2; + + x += lnode.rect.width + organization.horizontalPadding; + + if (lnode.rect.height > maxHeight) maxHeight = lnode.rect.height; + } + + y += maxHeight + organization.verticalPadding; + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.tileCompoundMembers = function (childGraphMap, idToNode) { + var self = this; + this.tiledMemberPack = []; + + Object.keys(childGraphMap).forEach(function (id) { + // Get the compound node + var compoundNode = idToNode[id]; + + self.tiledMemberPack[id] = self.tileNodes(childGraphMap[id], compoundNode.paddingLeft + compoundNode.paddingRight); + + compoundNode.rect.width = self.tiledMemberPack[id].width; + compoundNode.rect.height = self.tiledMemberPack[id].height; + }); +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.tileNodes = function (nodes, minWidth) { + var verticalPadding = CoSEConstants.TILING_PADDING_VERTICAL; + var horizontalPadding = CoSEConstants.TILING_PADDING_HORIZONTAL; + var organization = { + rows: [], + rowWidth: [], + rowHeight: [], + width: 0, + height: minWidth, // assume minHeight equals to minWidth + verticalPadding: verticalPadding, + horizontalPadding: horizontalPadding + }; + + // Sort the nodes in ascending order of their areas + nodes.sort(function (n1, n2) { + if (n1.rect.width * n1.rect.height > n2.rect.width * n2.rect.height) return -1; + if (n1.rect.width * n1.rect.height < n2.rect.width * n2.rect.height) return 1; + return 0; + }); + + // Create the organization -> tile members + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var lNode = nodes[i]; + + if (organization.rows.length == 0) { + this.insertNodeToRow(organization, lNode, 0, minWidth); + } else if (this.canAddHorizontal(organization, lNode.rect.width, lNode.rect.height)) { + this.insertNodeToRow(organization, lNode, this.getShortestRowIndex(organization), minWidth); + } else { + this.insertNodeToRow(organization, lNode, organization.rows.length, minWidth); + } + + this.shiftToLastRow(organization); + } + + return organization; +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.insertNodeToRow = function (organization, node, rowIndex, minWidth) { + var minCompoundSize = minWidth; + + // Add new row if needed + if (rowIndex == organization.rows.length) { + var secondDimension = []; + + organization.rows.push(secondDimension); + organization.rowWidth.push(minCompoundSize); + organization.rowHeight.push(0); + } + + // Update row width + var w = organization.rowWidth[rowIndex] + node.rect.width; + + if (organization.rows[rowIndex].length > 0) { + w += organization.horizontalPadding; + } + + organization.rowWidth[rowIndex] = w; + // Update compound width + if (organization.width < w) { + organization.width = w; + } + + // Update height + var h = node.rect.height; + if (rowIndex > 0) h += organization.verticalPadding; + + var extraHeight = 0; + if (h > organization.rowHeight[rowIndex]) { + extraHeight = organization.rowHeight[rowIndex]; + organization.rowHeight[rowIndex] = h; + extraHeight = organization.rowHeight[rowIndex] - extraHeight; + } + + organization.height += extraHeight; + + // Insert node + organization.rows[rowIndex].push(node); +}; + +//Scans the rows of an organization and returns the one with the min width +CoSELayout.prototype.getShortestRowIndex = function (organization) { + var r = -1; + var min = Number.MAX_VALUE; + + for (var i = 0; i < organization.rows.length; i++) { + if (organization.rowWidth[i] < min) { + r = i; + min = organization.rowWidth[i]; + } + } + return r; +}; + +//Scans the rows of an organization and returns the one with the max width +CoSELayout.prototype.getLongestRowIndex = function (organization) { + var r = -1; + var max = Number.MIN_VALUE; + + for (var i = 0; i < organization.rows.length; i++) { + + if (organization.rowWidth[i] > max) { + r = i; + max = organization.rowWidth[i]; + } + } + + return r; +}; + +/** +* This method checks whether adding extra width to the organization violates +* the aspect ratio(1) or not. +*/ +CoSELayout.prototype.canAddHorizontal = function (organization, extraWidth, extraHeight) { + + var sri = this.getShortestRowIndex(organization); + + if (sri < 0) { + return true; + } + + var min = organization.rowWidth[sri]; + + if (min + organization.horizontalPadding + extraWidth <= organization.width) return true; + + var hDiff = 0; + + // Adding to an existing row + if (organization.rowHeight[sri] < extraHeight) { + if (sri > 0) hDiff = extraHeight + organization.verticalPadding - organization.rowHeight[sri]; + } + + var add_to_row_ratio; + if (organization.width - min >= extraWidth + organization.horizontalPadding) { + add_to_row_ratio = (organization.height + hDiff) / (min + extraWidth + organization.horizontalPadding); + } else { + add_to_row_ratio = (organization.height + hDiff) / organization.width; + } + + // Adding a new row for this node + hDiff = extraHeight + organization.verticalPadding; + var add_new_row_ratio; + if (organization.width < extraWidth) { + add_new_row_ratio = (organization.height + hDiff) / extraWidth; + } else { + add_new_row_ratio = (organization.height + hDiff) / organization.width; + } + + if (add_new_row_ratio < 1) add_new_row_ratio = 1 / add_new_row_ratio; + + if (add_to_row_ratio < 1) add_to_row_ratio = 1 / add_to_row_ratio; + + return add_to_row_ratio < add_new_row_ratio; +}; + +//If moving the last node from the longest row and adding it to the last +//row makes the bounding box smaller, do it. +CoSELayout.prototype.shiftToLastRow = function (organization) { + var longest = this.getLongestRowIndex(organization); + var last = organization.rowWidth.length - 1; + var row = organization.rows[longest]; + var node = row[row.length - 1]; + + var diff = node.width + organization.horizontalPadding; + + // Check if there is enough space on the last row + if (organization.width - organization.rowWidth[last] > diff && longest != last) { + // Remove the last element of the longest row + row.splice(-1, 1); + + // Push it to the last row + organization.rows[last].push(node); + + organization.rowWidth[longest] = organization.rowWidth[longest] - diff; + organization.rowWidth[last] = organization.rowWidth[last] + diff; + organization.width = organization.rowWidth[instance.getLongestRowIndex(organization)]; + + // Update heights of the organization + var maxHeight = Number.MIN_VALUE; + for (var i = 0; i < row.length; i++) { + if (row[i].height > maxHeight) maxHeight = row[i].height; + } + if (longest > 0) maxHeight += organization.verticalPadding; + + var prevTotal = organization.rowHeight[longest] + organization.rowHeight[last]; + + organization.rowHeight[longest] = maxHeight; + if (organization.rowHeight[last] < node.height + organization.verticalPadding) organization.rowHeight[last] = node.height + organization.verticalPadding; + + var finalTotal = organization.rowHeight[longest] + organization.rowHeight[last]; + organization.height += finalTotal - prevTotal; + + this.shiftToLastRow(organization); + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.tilingPreLayout = function () { + if (CoSEConstants.TILE) { + // Find zero degree nodes and create a compound for each level + this.groupZeroDegreeMembers(); + // Tile and clear children of each compound + this.clearCompounds(); + // Separately tile and clear zero degree nodes for each level + this.clearZeroDegreeMembers(); + } +}; + +CoSELayout.prototype.tilingPostLayout = function () { + if (CoSEConstants.TILE) { + this.repopulateZeroDegreeMembers(); + this.repopulateCompounds(); + } +}; + +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Section: Tree Reduction methods +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Reduce trees +CoSELayout.prototype.reduceTrees = function () { + var prunedNodesAll = []; + var containsLeaf = true; + var node; + + while (containsLeaf) { + var allNodes = this.graphManager.getAllNodes(); + var prunedNodesInStepTemp = []; + containsLeaf = false; + + for (var i = 0; i < allNodes.length; i++) { + node = allNodes[i]; + if (node.getEdges().length == 1 && !node.getEdges()[0].isInterGraph && node.getChild() == null) { + prunedNodesInStepTemp.push([node, node.getEdges()[0], node.getOwner()]); + containsLeaf = true; + } + } + if (containsLeaf == true) { + var prunedNodesInStep = []; + for (var j = 0; j < prunedNodesInStepTemp.length; j++) { + if (prunedNodesInStepTemp[j][0].getEdges().length == 1) { + prunedNodesInStep.push(prunedNodesInStepTemp[j]); + prunedNodesInStepTemp[j][0].getOwner().remove(prunedNodesInStepTemp[j][0]); + } + } + prunedNodesAll.push(prunedNodesInStep); + this.graphManager.resetAllNodes(); + this.graphManager.resetAllEdges(); + } + } + this.prunedNodesAll = prunedNodesAll; +}; + +// Grow tree one step +CoSELayout.prototype.growTree = function (prunedNodesAll) { + var lengthOfPrunedNodesInStep = prunedNodesAll.length; + var prunedNodesInStep = prunedNodesAll[lengthOfPrunedNodesInStep - 1]; + + var nodeData; + for (var i = 0; i < prunedNodesInStep.length; i++) { + nodeData = prunedNodesInStep[i]; + + this.findPlaceforPrunedNode(nodeData); + + nodeData[2].add(nodeData[0]); + nodeData[2].add(nodeData[1], nodeData[1].source, nodeData[1].target); + } + + prunedNodesAll.splice(prunedNodesAll.length - 1, 1); + this.graphManager.resetAllNodes(); + this.graphManager.resetAllEdges(); +}; + +// Find an appropriate position to replace pruned node, this method can be improved +CoSELayout.prototype.findPlaceforPrunedNode = function (nodeData) { + + var gridForPrunedNode; + var nodeToConnect; + var prunedNode = nodeData[0]; + if (prunedNode == nodeData[1].source) { + nodeToConnect = nodeData[1].target; + } else { + nodeToConnect = nodeData[1].source; + } + var startGridX = nodeToConnect.startX; + var finishGridX = nodeToConnect.finishX; + var startGridY = nodeToConnect.startY; + var finishGridY = nodeToConnect.finishY; + + var upNodeCount = 0; + var downNodeCount = 0; + var rightNodeCount = 0; + var leftNodeCount = 0; + var controlRegions = [upNodeCount, rightNodeCount, downNodeCount, leftNodeCount]; + + if (startGridY > 0) { + for (var i = startGridX; i <= finishGridX; i++) { + controlRegions[0] += this.grid[i][startGridY - 1].length + this.grid[i][startGridY].length - 1; + } + } + if (finishGridX < this.grid.length - 1) { + for (var i = startGridY; i <= finishGridY; i++) { + controlRegions[1] += this.grid[finishGridX + 1][i].length + this.grid[finishGridX][i].length - 1; + } + } + if (finishGridY < this.grid[0].length - 1) { + for (var i = startGridX; i <= finishGridX; i++) { + controlRegions[2] += this.grid[i][finishGridY + 1].length + this.grid[i][finishGridY].length - 1; + } + } + if (startGridX > 0) { + for (var i = startGridY; i <= finishGridY; i++) { + controlRegions[3] += this.grid[startGridX - 1][i].length + this.grid[startGridX][i].length - 1; + } + } + var min = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var minCount; + var minIndex; + for (var j = 0; j < controlRegions.length; j++) { + if (controlRegions[j] < min) { + min = controlRegions[j]; + minCount = 1; + minIndex = j; + } else if (controlRegions[j] == min) { + minCount++; + } + } + + if (minCount == 3 && min == 0) { + if (controlRegions[0] == 0 && controlRegions[1] == 0 && controlRegions[2] == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 1; + } else if (controlRegions[0] == 0 && controlRegions[1] == 0 && controlRegions[3] == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 0; + } else if (controlRegions[0] == 0 && controlRegions[2] == 0 && controlRegions[3] == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 3; + } else if (controlRegions[1] == 0 && controlRegions[2] == 0 && controlRegions[3] == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 2; + } + } else if (minCount == 2 && min == 0) { + var random = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2); + if (controlRegions[0] == 0 && controlRegions[1] == 0) { + ; + if (random == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 0; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = 1; + } + } else if (controlRegions[0] == 0 && controlRegions[2] == 0) { + if (random == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 0; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = 2; + } + } else if (controlRegions[0] == 0 && controlRegions[3] == 0) { + if (random == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 0; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = 3; + } + } else if (controlRegions[1] == 0 && controlRegions[2] == 0) { + if (random == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 1; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = 2; + } + } else if (controlRegions[1] == 0 && controlRegions[3] == 0) { + if (random == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 1; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = 3; + } + } else { + if (random == 0) { + gridForPrunedNode = 2; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = 3; + } + } + } else if (minCount == 4 && min == 0) { + var random = Math.floor(Math.random() * 4); + gridForPrunedNode = random; + } else { + gridForPrunedNode = minIndex; + } + + if (gridForPrunedNode == 0) { + prunedNode.setCenter(nodeToConnect.getCenterX(), nodeToConnect.getCenterY() - nodeToConnect.getHeight() / 2 - FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH - prunedNode.getHeight() / 2); + } else if (gridForPrunedNode == 1) { + prunedNode.setCenter(nodeToConnect.getCenterX() + nodeToConnect.getWidth() / 2 + FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH + prunedNode.getWidth() / 2, nodeToConnect.getCenterY()); + } else if (gridForPrunedNode == 2) { + prunedNode.setCenter(nodeToConnect.getCenterX(), nodeToConnect.getCenterY() + nodeToConnect.getHeight() / 2 + FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH + prunedNode.getHeight() / 2); + } else { + prunedNode.setCenter(nodeToConnect.getCenterX() - nodeToConnect.getWidth() / 2 - FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH - prunedNode.getWidth() / 2, nodeToConnect.getCenterY()); + } +}; + +module.exports = CoSELayout; + +/***/ }), +/* 7 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_45620__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var coseBase = {}; + +coseBase.layoutBase = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(0); +coseBase.CoSEConstants = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(1); +coseBase.CoSEEdge = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(2); +coseBase.CoSEGraph = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(3); +coseBase.CoSEGraphManager = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(4); +coseBase.CoSELayout = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(6); +coseBase.CoSENode = __nested_webpack_require_45620__(5); + +module.exports = coseBase; + +/***/ }) +/******/ ]); +}); + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 14607: +/***/ (function(module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) { + +(function webpackUniversalModuleDefinition(root, factory) { + if(true) + module.exports = factory(__webpack_require__(84182)); + else {} +})(this, function(__WEBPACK_EXTERNAL_MODULE_0__) { +return /******/ (function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap +/******/ // The module cache +/******/ var installedModules = {}; +/******/ +/******/ // The require function +/******/ function __nested_webpack_require_659__(moduleId) { +/******/ +/******/ // Check if module is in cache +/******/ if(installedModules[moduleId]) { +/******/ return installedModules[moduleId].exports; 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+/******/ } +/******/ }; +/******/ +/******/ // getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_659__.n = function(module) { +/******/ var getter = module && module.__esModule ? +/******/ function getDefault() { return module['default']; } : +/******/ function getModuleExports() { return module; }; +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_659__.d(getter, 'a', getter); +/******/ return getter; +/******/ }; +/******/ +/******/ // Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_659__.o = function(object, property) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property); }; +/******/ +/******/ // __webpack_public_path__ +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_659__.p = ""; +/******/ +/******/ // Load entry module and return exports +/******/ return __nested_webpack_require_659__(__nested_webpack_require_659__.s = 1); +/******/ }) +/************************************************************************/ +/******/ ([ +/* 0 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports) { + +module.exports = __WEBPACK_EXTERNAL_MODULE_0__; + +/***/ }), +/* 1 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_3201__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).layoutBase.LayoutConstants; +var FDLayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).layoutBase.FDLayoutConstants; +var CoSEConstants = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).CoSEConstants; +var CoSELayout = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).CoSELayout; +var CoSENode = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).CoSENode; +var PointD = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).layoutBase.PointD; +var DimensionD = __nested_webpack_require_3201__(0).layoutBase.DimensionD; + +var defaults = { + // Called on `layoutready` + ready: function ready() {}, + // Called on `layoutstop` + stop: function stop() {}, + // 'draft', 'default' or 'proof" + // - 'draft' fast cooling rate + // - 'default' moderate cooling rate + // - "proof" slow cooling rate + quality: 'default', + // include labels in node dimensions + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false, + // number of ticks per frame; higher is faster but more jerky + refresh: 30, + // Whether to fit the network view after when done + fit: true, + // Padding on fit + padding: 10, + // Whether to enable incremental mode + randomize: true, + // Node repulsion (non overlapping) multiplier + nodeRepulsion: 4500, + // Ideal edge (non nested) length + idealEdgeLength: 50, + // Divisor to compute edge forces + edgeElasticity: 0.45, + // Nesting factor (multiplier) to compute ideal edge length for nested edges + nestingFactor: 0.1, + // Gravity force (constant) + gravity: 0.25, + // Maximum number of iterations to perform + numIter: 2500, + // For enabling tiling + tile: true, + // Type of layout animation. The option set is {'during', 'end', false} + animate: 'end', + // Duration for animate:end + animationDuration: 500, + // Represents the amount of the vertical space to put between the zero degree members during the tiling operation(can also be a function) + tilingPaddingVertical: 10, + // Represents the amount of the horizontal space to put between the zero degree members during the tiling operation(can also be a function) + tilingPaddingHorizontal: 10, + // Gravity range (constant) for compounds + gravityRangeCompound: 1.5, + // Gravity force (constant) for compounds + gravityCompound: 1.0, + // Gravity range (constant) + gravityRange: 3.8, + // Initial cooling factor for incremental layout + initialEnergyOnIncremental: 0.5 +}; + +function extend(defaults, options) { + var obj = {}; + + for (var i in defaults) { + obj[i] = defaults[i]; + } + + for (var i in options) { + obj[i] = options[i]; + } + + return obj; +}; + +function _CoSELayout(_options) { + this.options = extend(defaults, _options); + getUserOptions(this.options); +} + +var getUserOptions = function getUserOptions(options) { + if (options.nodeRepulsion != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_REPULSION_STRENGTH = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_REPULSION_STRENGTH = options.nodeRepulsion; + if (options.idealEdgeLength != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH = options.idealEdgeLength; + if (options.edgeElasticity != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_SPRING_STRENGTH = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_SPRING_STRENGTH = options.edgeElasticity; + if (options.nestingFactor != null) CoSEConstants.PER_LEVEL_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_FACTOR = FDLayoutConstants.PER_LEVEL_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_FACTOR = options.nestingFactor; + if (options.gravity != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_STRENGTH = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_STRENGTH = options.gravity; + if (options.numIter != null) CoSEConstants.MAX_ITERATIONS = FDLayoutConstants.MAX_ITERATIONS = options.numIter; + if (options.gravityRange != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR = options.gravityRange; + if (options.gravityCompound != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_STRENGTH = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_STRENGTH = options.gravityCompound; + if (options.gravityRangeCompound != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR = options.gravityRangeCompound; + if (options.initialEnergyOnIncremental != null) CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL = options.initialEnergyOnIncremental; + + if (options.quality == 'draft') LayoutConstants.QUALITY = 0;else if (options.quality == 'proof') LayoutConstants.QUALITY = 2;else LayoutConstants.QUALITY = 1; + + CoSEConstants.NODE_DIMENSIONS_INCLUDE_LABELS = FDLayoutConstants.NODE_DIMENSIONS_INCLUDE_LABELS = LayoutConstants.NODE_DIMENSIONS_INCLUDE_LABELS = options.nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels; + CoSEConstants.DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL = !options.randomize; + CoSEConstants.ANIMATE = FDLayoutConstants.ANIMATE = LayoutConstants.ANIMATE = options.animate; + CoSEConstants.TILE = options.tile; + CoSEConstants.TILING_PADDING_VERTICAL = typeof options.tilingPaddingVertical === 'function' ? options.tilingPaddingVertical.call() : options.tilingPaddingVertical; + CoSEConstants.TILING_PADDING_HORIZONTAL = typeof options.tilingPaddingHorizontal === 'function' ? options.tilingPaddingHorizontal.call() : options.tilingPaddingHorizontal; +}; + +_CoSELayout.prototype.run = function () { + var ready; + var frameId; + var options = this.options; + var idToLNode = this.idToLNode = {}; + var layout = this.layout = new CoSELayout(); + var self = this; + + self.stopped = false; + + this.cy = this.options.cy; + + this.cy.trigger({ type: 'layoutstart', layout: this }); + + var gm = layout.newGraphManager(); + this.gm = gm; + + var nodes = this.options.eles.nodes(); + var edges = this.options.eles.edges(); + + this.root = gm.addRoot(); + this.processChildrenList(this.root, this.getTopMostNodes(nodes), layout); + + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge = edges[i]; + var sourceNode = this.idToLNode[edge.data("source")]; + var targetNode = this.idToLNode[edge.data("target")]; + if (sourceNode !== targetNode && sourceNode.getEdgesBetween(targetNode).length == 0) { + var e1 = gm.add(layout.newEdge(), sourceNode, targetNode); + e1.id = edge.id(); + } + } + + var getPositions = function getPositions(ele, i) { + if (typeof ele === "number") { + ele = i; + } + var theId = ele.data('id'); + var lNode = self.idToLNode[theId]; + + return { + x: lNode.getRect().getCenterX(), + y: lNode.getRect().getCenterY() + }; + }; + + /* + * Reposition nodes in iterations animatedly + */ + var iterateAnimated = function iterateAnimated() { + // Thigs to perform after nodes are repositioned on screen + var afterReposition = function afterReposition() { + if (options.fit) { + options.cy.fit(options.eles, options.padding); + } + + if (!ready) { + ready = true; + self.cy.one('layoutready', options.ready); + self.cy.trigger({ type: 'layoutready', layout: self }); + } + }; + + var ticksPerFrame = self.options.refresh; + var isDone; + + for (var i = 0; i < ticksPerFrame && !isDone; i++) { + isDone = self.stopped || self.layout.tick(); + } + + // If layout is done + if (isDone) { + // If the layout is not a sublayout and it is successful perform post layout. + if (layout.checkLayoutSuccess() && !layout.isSubLayout) { + layout.doPostLayout(); + } + + // If layout has a tilingPostLayout function property call it. + if (layout.tilingPostLayout) { + layout.tilingPostLayout(); + } + + layout.isLayoutFinished = true; + + self.options.eles.nodes().positions(getPositions); + + afterReposition(); + + // trigger layoutstop when the layout stops (e.g. finishes) + self.cy.one('layoutstop', self.options.stop); + self.cy.trigger({ type: 'layoutstop', layout: self }); + + if (frameId) { + cancelAnimationFrame(frameId); + } + + ready = false; + return; + } + + var animationData = self.layout.getPositionsData(); // Get positions of layout nodes note that all nodes may not be layout nodes because of tiling + + // Position nodes, for the nodes whose id does not included in data (because they are removed from their parents and included in dummy compounds) + // use position of their ancestors or dummy ancestors + options.eles.nodes().positions(function (ele, i) { + if (typeof ele === "number") { + ele = i; + } + // If ele is a compound node, then its position will be defined by its children + if (!ele.isParent()) { + var theId = ele.id(); + var pNode = animationData[theId]; + var temp = ele; + // If pNode is undefined search until finding position data of its first ancestor (It may be dummy as well) + while (pNode == null) { + pNode = animationData[temp.data('parent')] || animationData['DummyCompound_' + temp.data('parent')]; + animationData[theId] = pNode; + temp = temp.parent()[0]; + if (temp == undefined) { + break; + } + } + if (pNode != null) { + return { + x: pNode.x, + y: pNode.y + }; + } else { + return { + x: ele.position('x'), + y: ele.position('y') + }; + } + } + }); + + afterReposition(); + + frameId = requestAnimationFrame(iterateAnimated); + }; + + /* + * Listen 'layoutstarted' event and start animated iteration if animate option is 'during' + */ + layout.addListener('layoutstarted', function () { + if (self.options.animate === 'during') { + frameId = requestAnimationFrame(iterateAnimated); + } + }); + + layout.runLayout(); // Run cose layout + + /* + * If animate option is not 'during' ('end' or false) perform these here (If it is 'during' similar things are already performed) + */ + if (this.options.animate !== "during") { + self.options.eles.nodes().not(":parent").layoutPositions(self, self.options, getPositions); // Use layout positions to reposition the nodes it considers the options parameter + ready = false; + } + + return this; // chaining +}; + +//Get the top most ones of a list of nodes +_CoSELayout.prototype.getTopMostNodes = function (nodes) { + var nodesMap = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + nodesMap[nodes[i].id()] = true; + } + var roots = nodes.filter(function (ele, i) { + if (typeof ele === "number") { + ele = i; + } + var parent = ele.parent()[0]; + while (parent != null) { + if (nodesMap[parent.id()]) { + return false; + } + parent = parent.parent()[0]; + } + return true; + }); + + return roots; +}; + +_CoSELayout.prototype.processChildrenList = function (parent, children, layout) { + var size = children.length; + for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) { + var theChild = children[i]; + var children_of_children = theChild.children(); + var theNode; + + var dimensions = theChild.layoutDimensions({ + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: this.options.nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels + }); + + if (theChild.outerWidth() != null && theChild.outerHeight() != null) { + theNode = parent.add(new CoSENode(layout.graphManager, new PointD(theChild.position('x') - dimensions.w / 2, theChild.position('y') - dimensions.h / 2), new DimensionD(parseFloat(dimensions.w), parseFloat(dimensions.h)))); + } else { + theNode = parent.add(new CoSENode(this.graphManager)); + } + // Attach id to the layout node + theNode.id = theChild.data("id"); + // Attach the paddings of cy node to layout node + theNode.paddingLeft = parseInt(theChild.css('padding')); + theNode.paddingTop = parseInt(theChild.css('padding')); + theNode.paddingRight = parseInt(theChild.css('padding')); + theNode.paddingBottom = parseInt(theChild.css('padding')); + + //Attach the label properties to compound if labels will be included in node dimensions + if (this.options.nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels) { + if (theChild.isParent()) { + var labelWidth = theChild.boundingBox({ includeLabels: true, includeNodes: false }).w; + var labelHeight = theChild.boundingBox({ includeLabels: true, includeNodes: false }).h; + var labelPos = theChild.css("text-halign"); + theNode.labelWidth = labelWidth; + theNode.labelHeight = labelHeight; + theNode.labelPos = labelPos; + } + } + + // Map the layout node + this.idToLNode[theChild.data("id")] = theNode; + + if (isNaN(theNode.rect.x)) { + theNode.rect.x = 0; + } + + if (isNaN(theNode.rect.y)) { + theNode.rect.y = 0; + } + + if (children_of_children != null && children_of_children.length > 0) { + var theNewGraph; + theNewGraph = layout.getGraphManager().add(layout.newGraph(), theNode); + this.processChildrenList(theNewGraph, children_of_children, layout); + } + } +}; + +/** + * @brief : called on continuous layouts to stop them before they finish + */ +_CoSELayout.prototype.stop = function () { + this.stopped = true; + + return this; // chaining +}; + +var register = function register(cytoscape) { + // var Layout = getLayout( cytoscape ); + + cytoscape('layout', 'cose-bilkent', _CoSELayout); +}; + +// auto reg for globals +if (typeof cytoscape !== 'undefined') { + register(cytoscape); +} + +module.exports = register; + +/***/ }) +/******/ ]); +}); + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 59058: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +"use strict"; +/** + * Copyright (c) 2016-2022, The Cytoscape Consortium. + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of + * this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in + * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to + * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies + * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do + * so, subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all + * copies or substantial portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE + * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, + * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE + * SOFTWARE. + */ + + + +var debounce = __webpack_require__(23279); +var Heap = __webpack_require__(54485); +var get = __webpack_require__(27361); +var set = __webpack_require__(36968); +var toPath = __webpack_require__(30084); + +function _interopDefaultLegacy (e) { return e && typeof e === 'object' && 'default' in e ? e : { 'default': e }; } + +var debounce__default = /*#__PURE__*/_interopDefaultLegacy(debounce); +var Heap__default = /*#__PURE__*/_interopDefaultLegacy(Heap); +var get__default = /*#__PURE__*/_interopDefaultLegacy(get); +var set__default = /*#__PURE__*/_interopDefaultLegacy(set); +var toPath__default = /*#__PURE__*/_interopDefaultLegacy(toPath); + +function _typeof(obj) { + "@babel/helpers - typeof"; + + return _typeof = "function" == typeof Symbol && "symbol" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) { + return typeof obj; + } : function (obj) { + return obj && "function" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof obj; + }, _typeof(obj); +} + +function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { + if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { + throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); + } +} + +function _defineProperties(target, props) { + for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { + var descriptor = props[i]; + descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; + descriptor.configurable = true; + if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; + Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); + } +} + +function _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { + if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); + if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); + Object.defineProperty(Constructor, "prototype", { + writable: false + }); + return Constructor; +} + +function _defineProperty(obj, key, value) { + if (key in obj) { + Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { + value: value, + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true + }); + } else { + obj[key] = value; + } + + return obj; +} + +function _slicedToArray(arr, i) { + return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest(); +} + +function _arrayWithHoles(arr) { + if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr; +} + +function _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) { + var _i = arr == null ? null : typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && arr[Symbol.iterator] || arr["@@iterator"]; + + if (_i == null) return; + var _arr = []; + var _n = true; + var _d = false; + + var _s, _e; + + try { + for (_i = _i.call(arr); !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) { + _arr.push(_s.value); + + if (i && _arr.length === i) break; + } + } catch (err) { + _d = true; + _e = err; + } finally { + try { + if (!_n && _i["return"] != null) _i["return"](); + } finally { + if (_d) throw _e; + } + } + + return _arr; +} + +function _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { + if (!o) return; + if (typeof o === "string") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); + var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); + if (n === "Object" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; + if (n === "Map" || n === "Set") return Array.from(o); + if (n === "Arguments" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); +} + +function _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { + if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; + + for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) arr2[i] = arr[i]; + + return arr2; +} + +function _nonIterableRest() { + throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method."); +} + +var window$1 = typeof window === 'undefined' ? null : window; // eslint-disable-line no-undef + +var navigator = window$1 ? window$1.navigator : null; +window$1 ? window$1.document : null; + +var typeofstr = _typeof(''); + +var typeofobj = _typeof({}); + +var typeoffn = _typeof(function () {}); + +var typeofhtmlele = typeof HTMLElement === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(HTMLElement); + +var instanceStr = function instanceStr(obj) { + return obj && obj.instanceString && fn$6(obj.instanceString) ? obj.instanceString() : null; +}; + +var string = function string(obj) { + return obj != null && _typeof(obj) == typeofstr; +}; +var fn$6 = function fn(obj) { + return obj != null && _typeof(obj) === typeoffn; +}; +var array = function array(obj) { + return !elementOrCollection(obj) && (Array.isArray ? Array.isArray(obj) : obj != null && obj instanceof Array); +}; +var plainObject = function plainObject(obj) { + return obj != null && _typeof(obj) === typeofobj && !array(obj) && obj.constructor === Object; +}; +var object = function object(obj) { + return obj != null && _typeof(obj) === typeofobj; +}; +var number$1 = function number(obj) { + return obj != null && _typeof(obj) === _typeof(1) && !isNaN(obj); +}; +var integer = function integer(obj) { + return number$1(obj) && Math.floor(obj) === obj; +}; +var htmlElement = function htmlElement(obj) { + if ('undefined' === typeofhtmlele) { + return undefined; + } else { + return null != obj && obj instanceof HTMLElement; + } +}; +var elementOrCollection = function elementOrCollection(obj) { + return element(obj) || collection(obj); +}; +var element = function element(obj) { + return instanceStr(obj) === 'collection' && obj._private.single; +}; +var collection = function collection(obj) { + return instanceStr(obj) === 'collection' && !obj._private.single; +}; +var core = function core(obj) { + return instanceStr(obj) === 'core'; +}; +var stylesheet = function stylesheet(obj) { + return instanceStr(obj) === 'stylesheet'; +}; +var event = function event(obj) { + return instanceStr(obj) === 'event'; +}; +var emptyString = function emptyString(obj) { + if (obj === undefined || obj === null) { + // null is empty + return true; + } else if (obj === '' || obj.match(/^\s+$/)) { + return true; // empty string is empty + } + + return false; // otherwise, we don't know what we've got +}; +var domElement = function domElement(obj) { + if (typeof HTMLElement === 'undefined') { + return false; // we're not in a browser so it doesn't matter + } else { + return obj instanceof HTMLElement; + } +}; +var boundingBox = function boundingBox(obj) { + return plainObject(obj) && number$1(obj.x1) && number$1(obj.x2) && number$1(obj.y1) && number$1(obj.y2); +}; +var promise = function promise(obj) { + return object(obj) && fn$6(obj.then); +}; +var ms = function ms() { + return navigator && navigator.userAgent.match(/msie|trident|edge/i); +}; // probably a better way to detect this... + +var memoize = function memoize(fn, keyFn) { + if (!keyFn) { + keyFn = function keyFn() { + if (arguments.length === 1) { + return arguments[0]; + } else if (arguments.length === 0) { + return 'undefined'; + } + + var args = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) { + args.push(arguments[i]); + } + + return args.join('$'); + }; + } + + var memoizedFn = function memoizedFn() { + var self = this; + var args = arguments; + var ret; + var k = keyFn.apply(self, args); + var cache = memoizedFn.cache; + + if (!(ret = cache[k])) { + ret = cache[k] = fn.apply(self, args); + } + + return ret; + }; + + memoizedFn.cache = {}; + return memoizedFn; +}; + +var camel2dash = memoize(function (str) { + return str.replace(/([A-Z])/g, function (v) { + return '-' + v.toLowerCase(); + }); +}); +var dash2camel = memoize(function (str) { + return str.replace(/(-\w)/g, function (v) { + return v[1].toUpperCase(); + }); +}); +var prependCamel = memoize(function (prefix, str) { + return prefix + str[0].toUpperCase() + str.substring(1); +}, function (prefix, str) { + return prefix + '$' + str; +}); +var capitalize = function capitalize(str) { + if (emptyString(str)) { + return str; + } + + return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.substring(1); +}; + +var number = '(?:[-+]?(?:(?:\\d+|\\d*\\.\\d+)(?:[Ee][+-]?\\d+)?))'; +var rgba = 'rgb[a]?\\((' + number + '[%]?)\\s*,\\s*(' + number + '[%]?)\\s*,\\s*(' + number + '[%]?)(?:\\s*,\\s*(' + number + '))?\\)'; +var rgbaNoBackRefs = 'rgb[a]?\\((?:' + number + '[%]?)\\s*,\\s*(?:' + number + '[%]?)\\s*,\\s*(?:' + number + '[%]?)(?:\\s*,\\s*(?:' + number + '))?\\)'; +var hsla = 'hsl[a]?\\((' + number + ')\\s*,\\s*(' + number + '[%])\\s*,\\s*(' + number + '[%])(?:\\s*,\\s*(' + number + '))?\\)'; +var hslaNoBackRefs = 'hsl[a]?\\((?:' + number + ')\\s*,\\s*(?:' + number + '[%])\\s*,\\s*(?:' + number + '[%])(?:\\s*,\\s*(?:' + number + '))?\\)'; +var hex3 = '\\#[0-9a-fA-F]{3}'; +var hex6 = '\\#[0-9a-fA-F]{6}'; + +var ascending = function ascending(a, b) { + if (a < b) { + return -1; + } else if (a > b) { + return 1; + } else { + return 0; + } +}; +var descending = function descending(a, b) { + return -1 * ascending(a, b); +}; + +var extend = Object.assign != null ? Object.assign.bind(Object) : function (tgt) { + var args = arguments; + + for (var i = 1; i < args.length; i++) { + var obj = args[i]; + + if (obj == null) { + continue; + } + + var keys = Object.keys(obj); + + for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; j++) { + var k = keys[j]; + tgt[k] = obj[k]; + } + } + + return tgt; +}; + +var hex2tuple = function hex2tuple(hex) { + if (!(hex.length === 4 || hex.length === 7) || hex[0] !== '#') { + return; + } + + var shortHex = hex.length === 4; + var r, g, b; + var base = 16; + + if (shortHex) { + r = parseInt(hex[1] + hex[1], base); + g = parseInt(hex[2] + hex[2], base); + b = parseInt(hex[3] + hex[3], base); + } else { + r = parseInt(hex[1] + hex[2], base); + g = parseInt(hex[3] + hex[4], base); + b = parseInt(hex[5] + hex[6], base); + } + + return [r, g, b]; +}; // get [r, g, b, a] from hsl(0, 0, 0) or hsla(0, 0, 0, 0) + +var hsl2tuple = function hsl2tuple(hsl) { + var ret; + var h, s, l, a, r, g, b; + + function hue2rgb(p, q, t) { + if (t < 0) t += 1; + if (t > 1) t -= 1; + if (t < 1 / 6) return p + (q - p) * 6 * t; + if (t < 1 / 2) return q; + if (t < 2 / 3) return p + (q - p) * (2 / 3 - t) * 6; + return p; + } + + var m = new RegExp('^' + hsla + '$').exec(hsl); + + if (m) { + // get hue + h = parseInt(m[1]); + + if (h < 0) { + h = (360 - -1 * h % 360) % 360; + } else if (h > 360) { + h = h % 360; + } + + h /= 360; // normalise on [0, 1] + + s = parseFloat(m[2]); + + if (s < 0 || s > 100) { + return; + } // saturation is [0, 100] + + + s = s / 100; // normalise on [0, 1] + + l = parseFloat(m[3]); + + if (l < 0 || l > 100) { + return; + } // lightness is [0, 100] + + + l = l / 100; // normalise on [0, 1] + + a = m[4]; + + if (a !== undefined) { + a = parseFloat(a); + + if (a < 0 || a > 1) { + return; + } // alpha is [0, 1] + + } // now, convert to rgb + // code from http://mjijackson.com/2008/02/rgb-to-hsl-and-rgb-to-hsv-color-model-conversion-algorithms-in-javascript + + + if (s === 0) { + r = g = b = Math.round(l * 255); // achromatic + } else { + var q = l < 0.5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s; + var p = 2 * l - q; + r = Math.round(255 * hue2rgb(p, q, h + 1 / 3)); + g = Math.round(255 * hue2rgb(p, q, h)); + b = Math.round(255 * hue2rgb(p, q, h - 1 / 3)); + } + + ret = [r, g, b, a]; + } + + return ret; +}; // get [r, g, b, a] from rgb(0, 0, 0) or rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) + +var rgb2tuple = function rgb2tuple(rgb) { + var ret; + var m = new RegExp('^' + rgba + '$').exec(rgb); + + if (m) { + ret = []; + var isPct = []; + + for (var i = 1; i <= 3; i++) { + var channel = m[i]; + + if (channel[channel.length - 1] === '%') { + isPct[i] = true; + } + + channel = parseFloat(channel); + + if (isPct[i]) { + channel = channel / 100 * 255; // normalise to [0, 255] + } + + if (channel < 0 || channel > 255) { + return; + } // invalid channel value + + + ret.push(Math.floor(channel)); + } + + var atLeastOneIsPct = isPct[1] || isPct[2] || isPct[3]; + var allArePct = isPct[1] && isPct[2] && isPct[3]; + + if (atLeastOneIsPct && !allArePct) { + return; + } // must all be percent values if one is + + + var alpha = m[4]; + + if (alpha !== undefined) { + alpha = parseFloat(alpha); + + if (alpha < 0 || alpha > 1) { + return; + } // invalid alpha value + + + ret.push(alpha); + } + } + + return ret; +}; +var colorname2tuple = function colorname2tuple(color) { + return colors[color.toLowerCase()]; +}; +var color2tuple = function color2tuple(color) { + return (array(color) ? color : null) || colorname2tuple(color) || hex2tuple(color) || rgb2tuple(color) || hsl2tuple(color); +}; +var colors = { + // special colour names + transparent: [0, 0, 0, 0], + // NB alpha === 0 + // regular colours + aliceblue: [240, 248, 255], + antiquewhite: [250, 235, 215], + aqua: [0, 255, 255], + aquamarine: [127, 255, 212], + azure: [240, 255, 255], + beige: [245, 245, 220], + bisque: [255, 228, 196], + black: [0, 0, 0], + blanchedalmond: [255, 235, 205], + blue: [0, 0, 255], + blueviolet: [138, 43, 226], + brown: [165, 42, 42], + burlywood: [222, 184, 135], + cadetblue: [95, 158, 160], + chartreuse: [127, 255, 0], + chocolate: [210, 105, 30], + coral: [255, 127, 80], + cornflowerblue: [100, 149, 237], + cornsilk: [255, 248, 220], + crimson: [220, 20, 60], + cyan: [0, 255, 255], + darkblue: [0, 0, 139], + darkcyan: [0, 139, 139], + darkgoldenrod: [184, 134, 11], + darkgray: [169, 169, 169], + darkgreen: [0, 100, 0], + darkgrey: [169, 169, 169], + darkkhaki: [189, 183, 107], + darkmagenta: [139, 0, 139], + darkolivegreen: [85, 107, 47], + darkorange: [255, 140, 0], + darkorchid: [153, 50, 204], + darkred: [139, 0, 0], + darksalmon: [233, 150, 122], + darkseagreen: [143, 188, 143], + darkslateblue: [72, 61, 139], + darkslategray: [47, 79, 79], + darkslategrey: [47, 79, 79], + darkturquoise: [0, 206, 209], + darkviolet: [148, 0, 211], + deeppink: [255, 20, 147], + deepskyblue: [0, 191, 255], + dimgray: [105, 105, 105], + dimgrey: [105, 105, 105], + dodgerblue: [30, 144, 255], + firebrick: [178, 34, 34], + floralwhite: [255, 250, 240], + forestgreen: [34, 139, 34], + fuchsia: [255, 0, 255], + gainsboro: [220, 220, 220], + ghostwhite: [248, 248, 255], + gold: [255, 215, 0], + goldenrod: [218, 165, 32], + gray: [128, 128, 128], + grey: [128, 128, 128], + green: [0, 128, 0], + greenyellow: [173, 255, 47], + honeydew: [240, 255, 240], + hotpink: [255, 105, 180], + indianred: [205, 92, 92], + indigo: [75, 0, 130], + ivory: [255, 255, 240], + khaki: [240, 230, 140], + lavender: [230, 230, 250], + lavenderblush: [255, 240, 245], + lawngreen: [124, 252, 0], + lemonchiffon: [255, 250, 205], + lightblue: [173, 216, 230], + lightcoral: [240, 128, 128], + lightcyan: [224, 255, 255], + lightgoldenrodyellow: [250, 250, 210], + lightgray: [211, 211, 211], + lightgreen: [144, 238, 144], + lightgrey: [211, 211, 211], + lightpink: [255, 182, 193], + lightsalmon: [255, 160, 122], + lightseagreen: [32, 178, 170], + lightskyblue: [135, 206, 250], + lightslategray: [119, 136, 153], + lightslategrey: [119, 136, 153], + lightsteelblue: [176, 196, 222], + lightyellow: [255, 255, 224], + lime: [0, 255, 0], + limegreen: [50, 205, 50], + linen: [250, 240, 230], + magenta: [255, 0, 255], + maroon: [128, 0, 0], + mediumaquamarine: [102, 205, 170], + mediumblue: [0, 0, 205], + mediumorchid: [186, 85, 211], + mediumpurple: [147, 112, 219], + mediumseagreen: [60, 179, 113], + mediumslateblue: [123, 104, 238], + mediumspringgreen: [0, 250, 154], + mediumturquoise: [72, 209, 204], + mediumvioletred: [199, 21, 133], + midnightblue: [25, 25, 112], + mintcream: [245, 255, 250], + mistyrose: [255, 228, 225], + moccasin: [255, 228, 181], + navajowhite: [255, 222, 173], + navy: [0, 0, 128], + oldlace: [253, 245, 230], + olive: [128, 128, 0], + olivedrab: [107, 142, 35], + orange: [255, 165, 0], + orangered: [255, 69, 0], + orchid: [218, 112, 214], + palegoldenrod: [238, 232, 170], + palegreen: [152, 251, 152], + paleturquoise: [175, 238, 238], + palevioletred: [219, 112, 147], + papayawhip: [255, 239, 213], + peachpuff: [255, 218, 185], + peru: [205, 133, 63], + pink: [255, 192, 203], + plum: [221, 160, 221], + powderblue: [176, 224, 230], + purple: [128, 0, 128], + red: [255, 0, 0], + rosybrown: [188, 143, 143], + royalblue: [65, 105, 225], + saddlebrown: [139, 69, 19], + salmon: [250, 128, 114], + sandybrown: [244, 164, 96], + seagreen: [46, 139, 87], + seashell: [255, 245, 238], + sienna: [160, 82, 45], + silver: [192, 192, 192], + skyblue: [135, 206, 235], + slateblue: [106, 90, 205], + slategray: [112, 128, 144], + slategrey: [112, 128, 144], + snow: [255, 250, 250], + springgreen: [0, 255, 127], + steelblue: [70, 130, 180], + tan: [210, 180, 140], + teal: [0, 128, 128], + thistle: [216, 191, 216], + tomato: [255, 99, 71], + turquoise: [64, 224, 208], + violet: [238, 130, 238], + wheat: [245, 222, 179], + white: [255, 255, 255], + whitesmoke: [245, 245, 245], + yellow: [255, 255, 0], + yellowgreen: [154, 205, 50] +}; + +var setMap = function setMap(options) { + var obj = options.map; + var keys = options.keys; + var l = keys.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + + if (plainObject(key)) { + throw Error('Tried to set map with object key'); + } + + if (i < keys.length - 1) { + // extend the map if necessary + if (obj[key] == null) { + obj[key] = {}; + } + + obj = obj[key]; + } else { + // set the value + obj[key] = options.value; + } + } +}; // gets the value in a map even if it's not built in places + +var getMap = function getMap(options) { + var obj = options.map; + var keys = options.keys; + var l = keys.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + + if (plainObject(key)) { + throw Error('Tried to get map with object key'); + } + + obj = obj[key]; + + if (obj == null) { + return obj; + } + } + + return obj; +}; // deletes the entry in the map + +var performance = window$1 ? window$1.performance : null; +var pnow = performance && performance.now ? function () { + return performance.now(); +} : function () { + return Date.now(); +}; + +var raf = function () { + if (window$1) { + if (window$1.requestAnimationFrame) { + return function (fn) { + window$1.requestAnimationFrame(fn); + }; + } else if (window$1.mozRequestAnimationFrame) { + return function (fn) { + window$1.mozRequestAnimationFrame(fn); + }; + } else if (window$1.webkitRequestAnimationFrame) { + return function (fn) { + window$1.webkitRequestAnimationFrame(fn); + }; + } else if (window$1.msRequestAnimationFrame) { + return function (fn) { + window$1.msRequestAnimationFrame(fn); + }; + } + } + + return function (fn) { + if (fn) { + setTimeout(function () { + fn(pnow()); + }, 1000 / 60); + } + }; +}(); + +var requestAnimationFrame = function requestAnimationFrame(fn) { + return raf(fn); +}; +var performanceNow = pnow; + +var DEFAULT_HASH_SEED = 9261; +var K = 65599; // 37 also works pretty well + +var DEFAULT_HASH_SEED_ALT = 5381; +var hashIterableInts = function hashIterableInts(iterator) { + var seed = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : DEFAULT_HASH_SEED; + // sdbm/string-hash + var hash = seed; + var entry; + + for (;;) { + entry = iterator.next(); + + if (entry.done) { + break; + } + + hash = hash * K + entry.value | 0; + } + + return hash; +}; +var hashInt = function hashInt(num) { + var seed = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : DEFAULT_HASH_SEED; + // sdbm/string-hash + return seed * K + num | 0; +}; +var hashIntAlt = function hashIntAlt(num) { + var seed = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : DEFAULT_HASH_SEED_ALT; + // djb2/string-hash + return (seed << 5) + seed + num | 0; +}; +var combineHashes = function combineHashes(hash1, hash2) { + return hash1 * 0x200000 + hash2; +}; +var combineHashesArray = function combineHashesArray(hashes) { + return hashes[0] * 0x200000 + hashes[1]; +}; +var hashArrays = function hashArrays(hashes1, hashes2) { + return [hashInt(hashes1[0], hashes2[0]), hashIntAlt(hashes1[1], hashes2[1])]; +}; +var hashIntsArray = function hashIntsArray(ints, seed) { + var entry = { + value: 0, + done: false + }; + var i = 0; + var length = ints.length; + var iterator = { + next: function next() { + if (i < length) { + entry.value = ints[i++]; + } else { + entry.done = true; + } + + return entry; + } + }; + return hashIterableInts(iterator, seed); +}; +var hashString = function hashString(str, seed) { + var entry = { + value: 0, + done: false + }; + var i = 0; + var length = str.length; + var iterator = { + next: function next() { + if (i < length) { + entry.value = str.charCodeAt(i++); + } else { + entry.done = true; + } + + return entry; + } + }; + return hashIterableInts(iterator, seed); +}; +var hashStrings = function hashStrings() { + return hashStringsArray(arguments); +}; +var hashStringsArray = function hashStringsArray(strs) { + var hash; + + for (var i = 0; i < strs.length; i++) { + var str = strs[i]; + + if (i === 0) { + hash = hashString(str); + } else { + hash = hashString(str, hash); + } + } + + return hash; +}; + +/*global console */ +var warningsEnabled = true; +var warnSupported = console.warn != null; // eslint-disable-line no-console + +var traceSupported = console.trace != null; // eslint-disable-line no-console + +var MAX_INT$1 = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || 9007199254740991; +var trueify = function trueify() { + return true; +}; +var falsify = function falsify() { + return false; +}; +var zeroify = function zeroify() { + return 0; +}; +var noop$1 = function noop() {}; +var error = function error(msg) { + throw new Error(msg); +}; +var warnings = function warnings(enabled) { + if (enabled !== undefined) { + warningsEnabled = !!enabled; + } else { + return warningsEnabled; + } +}; +var warn = function warn(msg) { + /* eslint-disable no-console */ + if (!warnings()) { + return; + } + + if (warnSupported) { + console.warn(msg); + } else { + console.log(msg); + + if (traceSupported) { + console.trace(); + } + } +}; +/* eslint-enable */ + +var clone = function clone(obj) { + return extend({}, obj); +}; // gets a shallow copy of the argument + +var copy = function copy(obj) { + if (obj == null) { + return obj; + } + + if (array(obj)) { + return obj.slice(); + } else if (plainObject(obj)) { + return clone(obj); + } else { + return obj; + } +}; +var copyArray = function copyArray(arr) { + return arr.slice(); +}; +var uuid = function uuid(a, b +/* placeholders */ +) { + for ( // loop :) + b = a = ''; // b - result , a - numeric letiable + a++ < 36; // + b += a * 51 & 52 // if "a" is not 9 or 14 or 19 or 24 + ? // return a random number or 4 + (a ^ 15 // if "a" is not 15 + ? // generate a random number from 0 to 15 + 8 ^ Math.random() * (a ^ 20 ? 16 : 4) // unless "a" is 20, in which case a random number from 8 to 11 + : 4 // otherwise 4 + ).toString(16) : '-' // in other cases (if "a" is 9,14,19,24) insert "-" + ) { + } + + return b; +}; +var _staticEmptyObject = {}; +var staticEmptyObject = function staticEmptyObject() { + return _staticEmptyObject; +}; +var defaults$g = function defaults(_defaults) { + var keys = Object.keys(_defaults); + return function (opts) { + var filledOpts = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + var optVal = opts == null ? undefined : opts[key]; + filledOpts[key] = optVal === undefined ? _defaults[key] : optVal; + } + + return filledOpts; + }; +}; +var removeFromArray = function removeFromArray(arr, ele, oneCopy) { + for (var i = arr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + if (arr[i] === ele) { + arr.splice(i, 1); + + if (oneCopy) { + break; + } + } + } +}; +var clearArray = function clearArray(arr) { + arr.splice(0, arr.length); +}; +var push = function push(arr, otherArr) { + for (var i = 0; i < otherArr.length; i++) { + var el = otherArr[i]; + arr.push(el); + } +}; +var getPrefixedProperty = function getPrefixedProperty(obj, propName, prefix) { + if (prefix) { + propName = prependCamel(prefix, propName); // e.g. (labelWidth, source) => sourceLabelWidth + } + + return obj[propName]; +}; +var setPrefixedProperty = function setPrefixedProperty(obj, propName, prefix, value) { + if (prefix) { + propName = prependCamel(prefix, propName); // e.g. (labelWidth, source) => sourceLabelWidth + } + + obj[propName] = value; +}; + +/* global Map */ +var ObjectMap = /*#__PURE__*/function () { + function ObjectMap() { + _classCallCheck(this, ObjectMap); + + this._obj = {}; + } + + _createClass(ObjectMap, [{ + key: "set", + value: function set(key, val) { + this._obj[key] = val; + return this; + } + }, { + key: "delete", + value: function _delete(key) { + this._obj[key] = undefined; + return this; + } + }, { + key: "clear", + value: function clear() { + this._obj = {}; + } + }, { + key: "has", + value: function has(key) { + return this._obj[key] !== undefined; + } + }, { + key: "get", + value: function get(key) { + return this._obj[key]; + } + }]); + + return ObjectMap; +}(); + +var Map$1 = typeof Map !== 'undefined' ? Map : ObjectMap; + +/* global Set */ +var undef = "undefined" ; + +var ObjectSet = /*#__PURE__*/function () { + function ObjectSet(arrayOrObjectSet) { + _classCallCheck(this, ObjectSet); + + this._obj = Object.create(null); + this.size = 0; + + if (arrayOrObjectSet != null) { + var arr; + + if (arrayOrObjectSet.instanceString != null && arrayOrObjectSet.instanceString() === this.instanceString()) { + arr = arrayOrObjectSet.toArray(); + } else { + arr = arrayOrObjectSet; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { + this.add(arr[i]); + } + } + } + + _createClass(ObjectSet, [{ + key: "instanceString", + value: function instanceString() { + return 'set'; + } + }, { + key: "add", + value: function add(val) { + var o = this._obj; + + if (o[val] !== 1) { + o[val] = 1; + this.size++; + } + } + }, { + key: "delete", + value: function _delete(val) { + var o = this._obj; + + if (o[val] === 1) { + o[val] = 0; + this.size--; + } + } + }, { + key: "clear", + value: function clear() { + this._obj = Object.create(null); + } + }, { + key: "has", + value: function has(val) { + return this._obj[val] === 1; + } + }, { + key: "toArray", + value: function toArray() { + var _this = this; + + return Object.keys(this._obj).filter(function (key) { + return _this.has(key); + }); + } + }, { + key: "forEach", + value: function forEach(callback, thisArg) { + return this.toArray().forEach(callback, thisArg); + } + }]); + + return ObjectSet; +}(); + +var Set$1 = (typeof Set === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(Set)) !== undef ? Set : ObjectSet; + +var Element = function Element(cy, params) { + var restore = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true; + + if (cy === undefined || params === undefined || !core(cy)) { + error('An element must have a core reference and parameters set'); + return; + } + + var group = params.group; // try to automatically infer the group if unspecified + + if (group == null) { + if (params.data && params.data.source != null && params.data.target != null) { + group = 'edges'; + } else { + group = 'nodes'; + } + } // validate group + + + if (group !== 'nodes' && group !== 'edges') { + error('An element must be of type `nodes` or `edges`; you specified `' + group + '`'); + return; + } // make the element array-like, just like a collection + + + this.length = 1; + this[0] = this; // NOTE: when something is added here, add also to ele.json() + + var _p = this._private = { + cy: cy, + single: true, + // indicates this is an element + data: params.data || {}, + // data object + position: params.position || { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }, + // (x, y) position pair + autoWidth: undefined, + // width and height of nodes calculated by the renderer when set to special 'auto' value + autoHeight: undefined, + autoPadding: undefined, + compoundBoundsClean: false, + // whether the compound dimensions need to be recalculated the next time dimensions are read + listeners: [], + // array of bound listeners + group: group, + // string; 'nodes' or 'edges' + style: {}, + // properties as set by the style + rstyle: {}, + // properties for style sent from the renderer to the core + styleCxts: [], + // applied style contexts from the styler + styleKeys: {}, + // per-group keys of style property values + removed: true, + // whether it's inside the vis; true if removed (set true here since we call restore) + selected: params.selected ? true : false, + // whether it's selected + selectable: params.selectable === undefined ? true : params.selectable ? true : false, + // whether it's selectable + locked: params.locked ? true : false, + // whether the element is locked (cannot be moved) + grabbed: false, + // whether the element is grabbed by the mouse; renderer sets this privately + grabbable: params.grabbable === undefined ? true : params.grabbable ? true : false, + // whether the element can be grabbed + pannable: params.pannable === undefined ? group === 'edges' ? true : false : params.pannable ? true : false, + // whether the element has passthrough panning enabled + active: false, + // whether the element is active from user interaction + classes: new Set$1(), + // map ( className => true ) + animation: { + // object for currently-running animations + current: [], + queue: [] + }, + rscratch: {}, + // object in which the renderer can store information + scratch: params.scratch || {}, + // scratch objects + edges: [], + // array of connected edges + children: [], + // array of children + parent: params.parent && params.parent.isNode() ? params.parent : null, + // parent ref + traversalCache: {}, + // cache of output of traversal functions + backgrounding: false, + // whether background images are loading + bbCache: null, + // cache of the current bounding box + bbCacheShift: { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }, + // shift applied to cached bb to be applied on next get + bodyBounds: null, + // bounds cache of element body, w/o overlay + overlayBounds: null, + // bounds cache of element body, including overlay + labelBounds: { + // bounds cache of labels + all: null, + source: null, + target: null, + main: null + }, + arrowBounds: { + // bounds cache of edge arrows + source: null, + target: null, + 'mid-source': null, + 'mid-target': null + } + }; + + if (_p.position.x == null) { + _p.position.x = 0; + } + + if (_p.position.y == null) { + _p.position.y = 0; + } // renderedPosition overrides if specified + + + if (params.renderedPosition) { + var rpos = params.renderedPosition; + var pan = cy.pan(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + _p.position = { + x: (rpos.x - pan.x) / zoom, + y: (rpos.y - pan.y) / zoom + }; + } + + var classes = []; + + if (array(params.classes)) { + classes = params.classes; + } else if (string(params.classes)) { + classes = params.classes.split(/\s+/); + } + + for (var i = 0, l = classes.length; i < l; i++) { + var cls = classes[i]; + + if (!cls || cls === '') { + continue; + } + + _p.classes.add(cls); + } + + this.createEmitter(); + var bypass = params.style || params.css; + + if (bypass) { + warn('Setting a `style` bypass at element creation should be done only when absolutely necessary. Try to use the stylesheet instead.'); + this.style(bypass); + } + + if (restore === undefined || restore) { + this.restore(); + } +}; + +var defineSearch = function defineSearch(params) { + params = { + bfs: params.bfs || !params.dfs, + dfs: params.dfs || !params.bfs + }; // from pseudocode on wikipedia + + return function searchFn(roots, fn, directed) { + var options; + + if (plainObject(roots) && !elementOrCollection(roots)) { + options = roots; + roots = options.roots || options.root; + fn = options.visit; + directed = options.directed; + } + + directed = arguments.length === 2 && !fn$6(fn) ? fn : directed; + fn = fn$6(fn) ? fn : function () {}; + var cy = this._private.cy; + var v = roots = string(roots) ? this.filter(roots) : roots; + var Q = []; + var connectedNodes = []; + var connectedBy = {}; + var id2depth = {}; + var V = {}; + var j = 0; + var found; + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes, + edges = _this$byGroup.edges; // enqueue v + + + for (var i = 0; i < v.length; i++) { + var vi = v[i]; + var viId = vi.id(); + + if (vi.isNode()) { + Q.unshift(vi); + + if (params.bfs) { + V[viId] = true; + connectedNodes.push(vi); + } + + id2depth[viId] = 0; + } + } + + var _loop = function _loop() { + var v = params.bfs ? Q.shift() : Q.pop(); + var vId = v.id(); + + if (params.dfs) { + if (V[vId]) { + return "continue"; + } + + V[vId] = true; + connectedNodes.push(v); + } + + var depth = id2depth[vId]; + var prevEdge = connectedBy[vId]; + var src = prevEdge != null ? prevEdge.source() : null; + var tgt = prevEdge != null ? prevEdge.target() : null; + var prevNode = prevEdge == null ? undefined : v.same(src) ? tgt[0] : src[0]; + var ret = void 0; + ret = fn(v, prevEdge, prevNode, j++, depth); + + if (ret === true) { + found = v; + return "break"; + } + + if (ret === false) { + return "break"; + } + + var vwEdges = v.connectedEdges().filter(function (e) { + return (!directed || e.source().same(v)) && edges.has(e); + }); + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < vwEdges.length; _i2++) { + var e = vwEdges[_i2]; + var w = e.connectedNodes().filter(function (n) { + return !n.same(v) && nodes.has(n); + }); + var wId = w.id(); + + if (w.length !== 0 && !V[wId]) { + w = w[0]; + Q.push(w); + + if (params.bfs) { + V[wId] = true; + connectedNodes.push(w); + } + + connectedBy[wId] = e; + id2depth[wId] = id2depth[vId] + 1; + } + } + }; + + while (Q.length !== 0) { + var _ret = _loop(); + + if (_ret === "continue") continue; + if (_ret === "break") break; + } + + var connectedEles = cy.collection(); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < connectedNodes.length; _i++) { + var node = connectedNodes[_i]; + var edge = connectedBy[node.id()]; + + if (edge != null) { + connectedEles.push(edge); + } + + connectedEles.push(node); + } + + return { + path: cy.collection(connectedEles), + found: cy.collection(found) + }; + }; +}; // search, spanning trees, etc + + +var elesfn$v = { + breadthFirstSearch: defineSearch({ + bfs: true + }), + depthFirstSearch: defineSearch({ + dfs: true + }) +}; // nice, short mathematical alias + +elesfn$v.bfs = elesfn$v.breadthFirstSearch; +elesfn$v.dfs = elesfn$v.depthFirstSearch; + +var dijkstraDefaults = defaults$g({ + root: null, + weight: function weight(edge) { + return 1; + }, + directed: false +}); +var elesfn$u = { + dijkstra: function dijkstra(options) { + if (!plainObject(options)) { + var args = arguments; + options = { + root: args[0], + weight: args[1], + directed: args[2] + }; + } + + var _dijkstraDefaults = dijkstraDefaults(options), + root = _dijkstraDefaults.root, + weight = _dijkstraDefaults.weight, + directed = _dijkstraDefaults.directed; + + var eles = this; + var weightFn = weight; + var source = string(root) ? this.filter(root)[0] : root[0]; + var dist = {}; + var prev = {}; + var knownDist = {}; + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes, + edges = _this$byGroup.edges; + + edges.unmergeBy(function (ele) { + return ele.isLoop(); + }); + + var getDist = function getDist(node) { + return dist[node.id()]; + }; + + var setDist = function setDist(node, d) { + dist[node.id()] = d; + Q.updateItem(node); + }; + + var Q = new Heap__default["default"](function (a, b) { + return getDist(a) - getDist(b); + }); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + dist[node.id()] = node.same(source) ? 0 : Infinity; + Q.push(node); + } + + var distBetween = function distBetween(u, v) { + var uvs = (directed ? u.edgesTo(v) : u.edgesWith(v)).intersect(edges); + var smallestDistance = Infinity; + var smallestEdge; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < uvs.length; _i++) { + var edge = uvs[_i]; + + var _weight = weightFn(edge); + + if (_weight < smallestDistance || !smallestEdge) { + smallestDistance = _weight; + smallestEdge = edge; + } + } + + return { + edge: smallestEdge, + dist: smallestDistance + }; + }; + + while (Q.size() > 0) { + var u = Q.pop(); + var smalletsDist = getDist(u); + var uid = u.id(); + knownDist[uid] = smalletsDist; + + if (smalletsDist === Infinity) { + continue; + } + + var neighbors = u.neighborhood().intersect(nodes); + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < neighbors.length; _i2++) { + var v = neighbors[_i2]; + var vid = v.id(); + var vDist = distBetween(u, v); + var alt = smalletsDist + vDist.dist; + + if (alt < getDist(v)) { + setDist(v, alt); + prev[vid] = { + node: u, + edge: vDist.edge + }; + } + } // for + + } // while + + + return { + distanceTo: function distanceTo(node) { + var target = string(node) ? nodes.filter(node)[0] : node[0]; + return knownDist[target.id()]; + }, + pathTo: function pathTo(node) { + var target = string(node) ? nodes.filter(node)[0] : node[0]; + var S = []; + var u = target; + var uid = u.id(); + + if (target.length > 0) { + S.unshift(target); + + while (prev[uid]) { + var p = prev[uid]; + S.unshift(p.edge); + S.unshift(p.node); + u = p.node; + uid = u.id(); + } + } + + return eles.spawn(S); + } + }; + } +}; + +var elesfn$t = { + // kruskal's algorithm (finds min spanning tree, assuming undirected graph) + // implemented from pseudocode from wikipedia + kruskal: function kruskal(weightFn) { + weightFn = weightFn || function (edge) { + return 1; + }; + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes, + edges = _this$byGroup.edges; + + var numNodes = nodes.length; + var forest = new Array(numNodes); + var A = nodes; // assumes byGroup() creates new collections that can be safely mutated + + var findSetIndex = function findSetIndex(ele) { + for (var i = 0; i < forest.length; i++) { + var eles = forest[i]; + + if (eles.has(ele)) { + return i; + } + } + }; // start with one forest per node + + + for (var i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { + forest[i] = this.spawn(nodes[i]); + } + + var S = edges.sort(function (a, b) { + return weightFn(a) - weightFn(b); + }); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < S.length; _i++) { + var edge = S[_i]; + var u = edge.source()[0]; + var v = edge.target()[0]; + var setUIndex = findSetIndex(u); + var setVIndex = findSetIndex(v); + var setU = forest[setUIndex]; + var setV = forest[setVIndex]; + + if (setUIndex !== setVIndex) { + A.merge(edge); // combine forests for u and v + + setU.merge(setV); + forest.splice(setVIndex, 1); + } + } + + return A; + } +}; + +var aStarDefaults = defaults$g({ + root: null, + goal: null, + weight: function weight(edge) { + return 1; + }, + heuristic: function heuristic(edge) { + return 0; + }, + directed: false +}); +var elesfn$s = { + // Implemented from pseudocode from wikipedia + aStar: function aStar(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + + var _aStarDefaults = aStarDefaults(options), + root = _aStarDefaults.root, + goal = _aStarDefaults.goal, + heuristic = _aStarDefaults.heuristic, + directed = _aStarDefaults.directed, + weight = _aStarDefaults.weight; + + root = cy.collection(root)[0]; + goal = cy.collection(goal)[0]; + var sid = root.id(); + var tid = goal.id(); + var gScore = {}; + var fScore = {}; + var closedSetIds = {}; + var openSet = new Heap__default["default"](function (a, b) { + return fScore[a.id()] - fScore[b.id()]; + }); + var openSetIds = new Set$1(); + var cameFrom = {}; + var cameFromEdge = {}; + + var addToOpenSet = function addToOpenSet(ele, id) { + openSet.push(ele); + openSetIds.add(id); + }; + + var cMin, cMinId; + + var popFromOpenSet = function popFromOpenSet() { + cMin = openSet.pop(); + cMinId = cMin.id(); + openSetIds["delete"](cMinId); + }; + + var isInOpenSet = function isInOpenSet(id) { + return openSetIds.has(id); + }; + + addToOpenSet(root, sid); + gScore[sid] = 0; + fScore[sid] = heuristic(root); // Counter + + var steps = 0; // Main loop + + while (openSet.size() > 0) { + popFromOpenSet(); + steps++; // If we've found our goal, then we are done + + if (cMinId === tid) { + var path = []; + var pathNode = goal; + var pathNodeId = tid; + var pathEdge = cameFromEdge[pathNodeId]; + + for (;;) { + path.unshift(pathNode); + + if (pathEdge != null) { + path.unshift(pathEdge); + } + + pathNode = cameFrom[pathNodeId]; + + if (pathNode == null) { + break; + } + + pathNodeId = pathNode.id(); + pathEdge = cameFromEdge[pathNodeId]; + } + + return { + found: true, + distance: gScore[cMinId], + path: this.spawn(path), + steps: steps + }; + } // Add cMin to processed nodes + + + closedSetIds[cMinId] = true; // Update scores for neighbors of cMin + // Take into account if graph is directed or not + + var vwEdges = cMin._private.edges; + + for (var i = 0; i < vwEdges.length; i++) { + var e = vwEdges[i]; // edge must be in set of calling eles + + if (!this.hasElementWithId(e.id())) { + continue; + } // cMin must be the source of edge if directed + + + if (directed && e.data('source') !== cMinId) { + continue; + } + + var wSrc = e.source(); + var wTgt = e.target(); + var w = wSrc.id() !== cMinId ? wSrc : wTgt; + var wid = w.id(); // node must be in set of calling eles + + if (!this.hasElementWithId(wid)) { + continue; + } // if node is in closedSet, ignore it + + + if (closedSetIds[wid]) { + continue; + } // New tentative score for node w + + + var tempScore = gScore[cMinId] + weight(e); // Update gScore for node w if: + // w not present in openSet + // OR + // tentative gScore is less than previous value + // w not in openSet + + if (!isInOpenSet(wid)) { + gScore[wid] = tempScore; + fScore[wid] = tempScore + heuristic(w); + addToOpenSet(w, wid); + cameFrom[wid] = cMin; + cameFromEdge[wid] = e; + continue; + } // w already in openSet, but with greater gScore + + + if (tempScore < gScore[wid]) { + gScore[wid] = tempScore; + fScore[wid] = tempScore + heuristic(w); + cameFrom[wid] = cMin; + cameFromEdge[wid] = e; + } + } // End of neighbors update + + } // End of main loop + // If we've reached here, then we've not reached our goal + + + return { + found: false, + distance: undefined, + path: undefined, + steps: steps + }; + } +}; // elesfn + +var floydWarshallDefaults = defaults$g({ + weight: function weight(edge) { + return 1; + }, + directed: false +}); +var elesfn$r = { + // Implemented from pseudocode from wikipedia + floydWarshall: function floydWarshall(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + + var _floydWarshallDefault = floydWarshallDefaults(options), + weight = _floydWarshallDefault.weight, + directed = _floydWarshallDefault.directed; + + var weightFn = weight; + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes, + edges = _this$byGroup.edges; + + var N = nodes.length; + var Nsq = N * N; + + var indexOf = function indexOf(node) { + return nodes.indexOf(node); + }; + + var atIndex = function atIndex(i) { + return nodes[i]; + }; // Initialize distance matrix + + + var dist = new Array(Nsq); + + for (var n = 0; n < Nsq; n++) { + var j = n % N; + var i = (n - j) / N; + + if (i === j) { + dist[n] = 0; + } else { + dist[n] = Infinity; + } + } // Initialize matrix used for path reconstruction + // Initialize distance matrix + + + var next = new Array(Nsq); + var edgeNext = new Array(Nsq); // Process edges + + for (var _i = 0; _i < edges.length; _i++) { + var edge = edges[_i]; + var src = edge.source()[0]; + var tgt = edge.target()[0]; + + if (src === tgt) { + continue; + } // exclude loops + + + var s = indexOf(src); + var t = indexOf(tgt); + var st = s * N + t; // source to target index + + var _weight = weightFn(edge); // Check if already process another edge between same 2 nodes + + + if (dist[st] > _weight) { + dist[st] = _weight; + next[st] = t; + edgeNext[st] = edge; + } // If undirected graph, process 'reversed' edge + + + if (!directed) { + var ts = t * N + s; // target to source index + + if (!directed && dist[ts] > _weight) { + dist[ts] = _weight; + next[ts] = s; + edgeNext[ts] = edge; + } + } + } // Main loop + + + for (var k = 0; k < N; k++) { + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < N; _i2++) { + var ik = _i2 * N + k; + + for (var _j = 0; _j < N; _j++) { + var ij = _i2 * N + _j; + var kj = k * N + _j; + + if (dist[ik] + dist[kj] < dist[ij]) { + dist[ij] = dist[ik] + dist[kj]; + next[ij] = next[ik]; + } + } + } + } + + var getArgEle = function getArgEle(ele) { + return (string(ele) ? cy.filter(ele) : ele)[0]; + }; + + var indexOfArgEle = function indexOfArgEle(ele) { + return indexOf(getArgEle(ele)); + }; + + var res = { + distance: function distance(from, to) { + var i = indexOfArgEle(from); + var j = indexOfArgEle(to); + return dist[i * N + j]; + }, + path: function path(from, to) { + var i = indexOfArgEle(from); + var j = indexOfArgEle(to); + var fromNode = atIndex(i); + + if (i === j) { + return fromNode.collection(); + } + + if (next[i * N + j] == null) { + return cy.collection(); + } + + var path = cy.collection(); + var prev = i; + var edge; + path.merge(fromNode); + + while (i !== j) { + prev = i; + i = next[i * N + j]; + edge = edgeNext[prev * N + i]; + path.merge(edge); + path.merge(atIndex(i)); + } + + return path; + } + }; + return res; + } // floydWarshall + +}; // elesfn + +var bellmanFordDefaults = defaults$g({ + weight: function weight(edge) { + return 1; + }, + directed: false, + root: null +}); +var elesfn$q = { + // Implemented from pseudocode from wikipedia + bellmanFord: function bellmanFord(options) { + var _this = this; + + var _bellmanFordDefaults = bellmanFordDefaults(options), + weight = _bellmanFordDefaults.weight, + directed = _bellmanFordDefaults.directed, + root = _bellmanFordDefaults.root; + + var weightFn = weight; + var eles = this; + var cy = this.cy(); + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + edges = _this$byGroup.edges, + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes; + + var numNodes = nodes.length; + var infoMap = new Map$1(); + var hasNegativeWeightCycle = false; + var negativeWeightCycles = []; + root = cy.collection(root)[0]; // in case selector passed + + edges.unmergeBy(function (edge) { + return edge.isLoop(); + }); + var numEdges = edges.length; + + var getInfo = function getInfo(node) { + var obj = infoMap.get(node.id()); + + if (!obj) { + obj = {}; + infoMap.set(node.id(), obj); + } + + return obj; + }; + + var getNodeFromTo = function getNodeFromTo(to) { + return (string(to) ? cy.$(to) : to)[0]; + }; + + var distanceTo = function distanceTo(to) { + return getInfo(getNodeFromTo(to)).dist; + }; + + var pathTo = function pathTo(to) { + var thisStart = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : root; + var end = getNodeFromTo(to); + var path = []; + var node = end; + + for (;;) { + if (node == null) { + return _this.spawn(); + } + + var _getInfo = getInfo(node), + edge = _getInfo.edge, + pred = _getInfo.pred; + + path.unshift(node[0]); + + if (node.same(thisStart) && path.length > 0) { + break; + } + + if (edge != null) { + path.unshift(edge); + } + + node = pred; + } + + return eles.spawn(path); + }; // Initializations { dist, pred, edge } + + + for (var i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + var info = getInfo(node); + + if (node.same(root)) { + info.dist = 0; + } else { + info.dist = Infinity; + } + + info.pred = null; + info.edge = null; + } // Edges relaxation + + + var replacedEdge = false; + + var checkForEdgeReplacement = function checkForEdgeReplacement(node1, node2, edge, info1, info2, weight) { + var dist = info1.dist + weight; + + if (dist < info2.dist && !edge.same(info1.edge)) { + info2.dist = dist; + info2.pred = node1; + info2.edge = edge; + replacedEdge = true; + } + }; + + for (var _i = 1; _i < numNodes; _i++) { + replacedEdge = false; + + for (var e = 0; e < numEdges; e++) { + var edge = edges[e]; + var src = edge.source(); + var tgt = edge.target(); + + var _weight = weightFn(edge); + + var srcInfo = getInfo(src); + var tgtInfo = getInfo(tgt); + checkForEdgeReplacement(src, tgt, edge, srcInfo, tgtInfo, _weight); // If undirected graph, we need to take into account the 'reverse' edge + + if (!directed) { + checkForEdgeReplacement(tgt, src, edge, tgtInfo, srcInfo, _weight); + } + } + + if (!replacedEdge) { + break; + } + } + + if (replacedEdge) { + // Check for negative weight cycles + var negativeWeightCycleIds = []; + + for (var _e = 0; _e < numEdges; _e++) { + var _edge = edges[_e]; + + var _src = _edge.source(); + + var _tgt = _edge.target(); + + var _weight2 = weightFn(_edge); + + var srcDist = getInfo(_src).dist; + var tgtDist = getInfo(_tgt).dist; + + if (srcDist + _weight2 < tgtDist || !directed && tgtDist + _weight2 < srcDist) { + if (!hasNegativeWeightCycle) { + warn('Graph contains a negative weight cycle for Bellman-Ford'); + hasNegativeWeightCycle = true; + } + + if (options.findNegativeWeightCycles !== false) { + var negativeNodes = []; + + if (srcDist + _weight2 < tgtDist) { + negativeNodes.push(_src); + } + + if (!directed && tgtDist + _weight2 < srcDist) { + negativeNodes.push(_tgt); + } + + var numNegativeNodes = negativeNodes.length; + + for (var n = 0; n < numNegativeNodes; n++) { + var start = negativeNodes[n]; + var cycle = [start]; + cycle.push(getInfo(start).edge); + var _node = getInfo(start).pred; + + while (cycle.indexOf(_node) === -1) { + cycle.push(_node); + cycle.push(getInfo(_node).edge); + _node = getInfo(_node).pred; + } + + cycle = cycle.slice(cycle.indexOf(_node)); + var smallestId = cycle[0].id(); + var smallestIndex = 0; + + for (var c = 2; c < cycle.length; c += 2) { + if (cycle[c].id() < smallestId) { + smallestId = cycle[c].id(); + smallestIndex = c; + } + } + + cycle = cycle.slice(smallestIndex).concat(cycle.slice(0, smallestIndex)); + cycle.push(cycle[0]); + var cycleId = cycle.map(function (el) { + return el.id(); + }).join(","); + + if (negativeWeightCycleIds.indexOf(cycleId) === -1) { + negativeWeightCycles.push(eles.spawn(cycle)); + negativeWeightCycleIds.push(cycleId); + } + } + } else { + break; + } + } + } + } + + return { + distanceTo: distanceTo, + pathTo: pathTo, + hasNegativeWeightCycle: hasNegativeWeightCycle, + negativeWeightCycles: negativeWeightCycles + }; + } // bellmanFord + +}; // elesfn + +var sqrt2 = Math.sqrt(2); // Function which colapses 2 (meta) nodes into one +// Updates the remaining edge lists +// Receives as a paramater the edge which causes the collapse + +var collapse = function collapse(edgeIndex, nodeMap, remainingEdges) { + if (remainingEdges.length === 0) { + error("Karger-Stein must be run on a connected (sub)graph"); + } + + var edgeInfo = remainingEdges[edgeIndex]; + var sourceIn = edgeInfo[1]; + var targetIn = edgeInfo[2]; + var partition1 = nodeMap[sourceIn]; + var partition2 = nodeMap[targetIn]; + var newEdges = remainingEdges; // re-use array + // Delete all edges between partition1 and partition2 + + for (var i = newEdges.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var edge = newEdges[i]; + var src = edge[1]; + var tgt = edge[2]; + + if (nodeMap[src] === partition1 && nodeMap[tgt] === partition2 || nodeMap[src] === partition2 && nodeMap[tgt] === partition1) { + newEdges.splice(i, 1); + } + } // All edges pointing to partition2 should now point to partition1 + + + for (var _i = 0; _i < newEdges.length; _i++) { + var _edge = newEdges[_i]; + + if (_edge[1] === partition2) { + // Check source + newEdges[_i] = _edge.slice(); // copy + + newEdges[_i][1] = partition1; + } else if (_edge[2] === partition2) { + // Check target + newEdges[_i] = _edge.slice(); // copy + + newEdges[_i][2] = partition1; + } + } // Move all nodes from partition2 to partition1 + + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < nodeMap.length; _i2++) { + if (nodeMap[_i2] === partition2) { + nodeMap[_i2] = partition1; + } + } + + return newEdges; +}; // Contracts a graph until we reach a certain number of meta nodes + + +var contractUntil = function contractUntil(metaNodeMap, remainingEdges, size, sizeLimit) { + while (size > sizeLimit) { + // Choose an edge randomly + var edgeIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * remainingEdges.length); // Collapse graph based on edge + + remainingEdges = collapse(edgeIndex, metaNodeMap, remainingEdges); + size--; + } + + return remainingEdges; +}; + +var elesfn$p = { + // Computes the minimum cut of an undirected graph + // Returns the correct answer with high probability + kargerStein: function kargerStein() { + var _this = this; + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes, + edges = _this$byGroup.edges; + + edges.unmergeBy(function (edge) { + return edge.isLoop(); + }); + var numNodes = nodes.length; + var numEdges = edges.length; + var numIter = Math.ceil(Math.pow(Math.log(numNodes) / Math.LN2, 2)); + var stopSize = Math.floor(numNodes / sqrt2); + + if (numNodes < 2) { + error('At least 2 nodes are required for Karger-Stein algorithm'); + return undefined; + } // Now store edge destination as indexes + // Format for each edge (edge index, source node index, target node index) + + + var edgeIndexes = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < numEdges; i++) { + var e = edges[i]; + edgeIndexes.push([i, nodes.indexOf(e.source()), nodes.indexOf(e.target())]); + } // We will store the best cut found here + + + var minCutSize = Infinity; + var minCutEdgeIndexes = []; + var minCutNodeMap = new Array(numNodes); // Initial meta node partition + + var metaNodeMap = new Array(numNodes); + var metaNodeMap2 = new Array(numNodes); + + var copyNodesMap = function copyNodesMap(from, to) { + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < numNodes; _i3++) { + to[_i3] = from[_i3]; + } + }; // Main loop + + + for (var iter = 0; iter <= numIter; iter++) { + // Reset meta node partition + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < numNodes; _i4++) { + metaNodeMap[_i4] = _i4; + } // Contract until stop point (stopSize nodes) + + + var edgesState = contractUntil(metaNodeMap, edgeIndexes.slice(), numNodes, stopSize); + var edgesState2 = edgesState.slice(); // copy + // Create a copy of the colapsed nodes state + + copyNodesMap(metaNodeMap, metaNodeMap2); // Run 2 iterations starting in the stop state + + var res1 = contractUntil(metaNodeMap, edgesState, stopSize, 2); + var res2 = contractUntil(metaNodeMap2, edgesState2, stopSize, 2); // Is any of the 2 results the best cut so far? + + if (res1.length <= res2.length && res1.length < minCutSize) { + minCutSize = res1.length; + minCutEdgeIndexes = res1; + copyNodesMap(metaNodeMap, minCutNodeMap); + } else if (res2.length <= res1.length && res2.length < minCutSize) { + minCutSize = res2.length; + minCutEdgeIndexes = res2; + copyNodesMap(metaNodeMap2, minCutNodeMap); + } + } // end of main loop + // Construct result + + + var cut = this.spawn(minCutEdgeIndexes.map(function (e) { + return edges[e[0]]; + })); + var partition1 = this.spawn(); + var partition2 = this.spawn(); // traverse metaNodeMap for best cut + + var witnessNodePartition = minCutNodeMap[0]; + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < minCutNodeMap.length; _i5++) { + var partitionId = minCutNodeMap[_i5]; + var node = nodes[_i5]; + + if (partitionId === witnessNodePartition) { + partition1.merge(node); + } else { + partition2.merge(node); + } + } // construct components corresponding to each disjoint subset of nodes + + + var constructComponent = function constructComponent(subset) { + var component = _this.spawn(); + + subset.forEach(function (node) { + component.merge(node); + node.connectedEdges().forEach(function (edge) { + // ensure edge is within calling collection and edge is not in cut + if (_this.contains(edge) && !cut.contains(edge)) { + component.merge(edge); + } + }); + }); + return component; + }; + + var components = [constructComponent(partition1), constructComponent(partition2)]; + var ret = { + cut: cut, + components: components, + // n.b. partitions are included to be compatible with the old api spec + // (could be removed in a future major version) + partition1: partition1, + partition2: partition2 + }; + return ret; + } +}; // elesfn + +var copyPosition = function copyPosition(p) { + return { + x: p.x, + y: p.y + }; +}; +var modelToRenderedPosition = function modelToRenderedPosition(p, zoom, pan) { + return { + x: p.x * zoom + pan.x, + y: p.y * zoom + pan.y + }; +}; +var renderedToModelPosition = function renderedToModelPosition(p, zoom, pan) { + return { + x: (p.x - pan.x) / zoom, + y: (p.y - pan.y) / zoom + }; +}; +var array2point = function array2point(arr) { + return { + x: arr[0], + y: arr[1] + }; +}; +var min = function min(arr) { + var begin = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0; + var end = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : arr.length; + var min = Infinity; + + for (var i = begin; i < end; i++) { + var val = arr[i]; + + if (isFinite(val)) { + min = Math.min(val, min); + } + } + + return min; +}; +var max = function max(arr) { + var begin = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0; + var end = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : arr.length; + var max = -Infinity; + + for (var i = begin; i < end; i++) { + var val = arr[i]; + + if (isFinite(val)) { + max = Math.max(val, max); + } + } + + return max; +}; +var mean = function mean(arr) { + var begin = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0; + var end = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : arr.length; + var total = 0; + var n = 0; + + for (var i = begin; i < end; i++) { + var val = arr[i]; + + if (isFinite(val)) { + total += val; + n++; + } + } + + return total / n; +}; +var median = function median(arr) { + var begin = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0; + var end = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : arr.length; + var copy = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : true; + var sort = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : true; + var includeHoles = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : true; + + if (copy) { + arr = arr.slice(begin, end); + } else { + if (end < arr.length) { + arr.splice(end, arr.length - end); + } + + if (begin > 0) { + arr.splice(0, begin); + } + } // all non finite (e.g. Infinity, NaN) elements must be -Infinity so they go to the start + + + var off = 0; // offset from non-finite values + + for (var i = arr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var v = arr[i]; + + if (includeHoles) { + if (!isFinite(v)) { + arr[i] = -Infinity; + off++; + } + } else { + // just remove it if we don't want to consider holes + arr.splice(i, 1); + } + } + + if (sort) { + arr.sort(function (a, b) { + return a - b; + }); // requires copy = true if you don't want to change the orig + } + + var len = arr.length; + var mid = Math.floor(len / 2); + + if (len % 2 !== 0) { + return arr[mid + 1 + off]; + } else { + return (arr[mid - 1 + off] + arr[mid + off]) / 2; + } +}; +var deg2rad = function deg2rad(deg) { + return Math.PI * deg / 180; +}; +var getAngleFromDisp = function getAngleFromDisp(dispX, dispY) { + return Math.atan2(dispY, dispX) - Math.PI / 2; +}; +var log2 = Math.log2 || function (n) { + return Math.log(n) / Math.log(2); +}; +var signum = function signum(x) { + if (x > 0) { + return 1; + } else if (x < 0) { + return -1; + } else { + return 0; + } +}; +var dist = function dist(p1, p2) { + return Math.sqrt(sqdist(p1, p2)); +}; +var sqdist = function sqdist(p1, p2) { + var dx = p2.x - p1.x; + var dy = p2.y - p1.y; + return dx * dx + dy * dy; +}; +var inPlaceSumNormalize = function inPlaceSumNormalize(v) { + var length = v.length; // First, get sum of all elements + + var total = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + total += v[i]; + } // Now, divide each by the sum of all elements + + + for (var _i = 0; _i < length; _i++) { + v[_i] = v[_i] / total; + } + + return v; +}; + +var qbezierAt = function qbezierAt(p0, p1, p2, t) { + return (1 - t) * (1 - t) * p0 + 2 * (1 - t) * t * p1 + t * t * p2; +}; +var qbezierPtAt = function qbezierPtAt(p0, p1, p2, t) { + return { + x: qbezierAt(p0.x, p1.x, p2.x, t), + y: qbezierAt(p0.y, p1.y, p2.y, t) + }; +}; +var lineAt = function lineAt(p0, p1, t, d) { + var vec = { + x: p1.x - p0.x, + y: p1.y - p0.y + }; + var vecDist = dist(p0, p1); + var normVec = { + x: vec.x / vecDist, + y: vec.y / vecDist + }; + t = t == null ? 0 : t; + d = d != null ? d : t * vecDist; + return { + x: p0.x + normVec.x * d, + y: p0.y + normVec.y * d + }; +}; +var bound = function bound(min, val, max) { + return Math.max(min, Math.min(max, val)); +}; // makes a full bb (x1, y1, x2, y2, w, h) from implicit params + +var makeBoundingBox = function makeBoundingBox(bb) { + if (bb == null) { + return { + x1: Infinity, + y1: Infinity, + x2: -Infinity, + y2: -Infinity, + w: 0, + h: 0 + }; + } else if (bb.x1 != null && bb.y1 != null) { + if (bb.x2 != null && bb.y2 != null && bb.x2 >= bb.x1 && bb.y2 >= bb.y1) { + return { + x1: bb.x1, + y1: bb.y1, + x2: bb.x2, + y2: bb.y2, + w: bb.x2 - bb.x1, + h: bb.y2 - bb.y1 + }; + } else if (bb.w != null && bb.h != null && bb.w >= 0 && bb.h >= 0) { + return { + x1: bb.x1, + y1: bb.y1, + x2: bb.x1 + bb.w, + y2: bb.y1 + bb.h, + w: bb.w, + h: bb.h + }; + } + } +}; +var copyBoundingBox = function copyBoundingBox(bb) { + return { + x1: bb.x1, + x2: bb.x2, + w: bb.w, + y1: bb.y1, + y2: bb.y2, + h: bb.h + }; +}; +var clearBoundingBox = function clearBoundingBox(bb) { + bb.x1 = Infinity; + bb.y1 = Infinity; + bb.x2 = -Infinity; + bb.y2 = -Infinity; + bb.w = 0; + bb.h = 0; +}; +var updateBoundingBox = function updateBoundingBox(bb1, bb2) { + // update bb1 with bb2 bounds + bb1.x1 = Math.min(bb1.x1, bb2.x1); + bb1.x2 = Math.max(bb1.x2, bb2.x2); + bb1.w = bb1.x2 - bb1.x1; + bb1.y1 = Math.min(bb1.y1, bb2.y1); + bb1.y2 = Math.max(bb1.y2, bb2.y2); + bb1.h = bb1.y2 - bb1.y1; +}; +var expandBoundingBoxByPoint = function expandBoundingBoxByPoint(bb, x, y) { + bb.x1 = Math.min(bb.x1, x); + bb.x2 = Math.max(bb.x2, x); + bb.w = bb.x2 - bb.x1; + bb.y1 = Math.min(bb.y1, y); + bb.y2 = Math.max(bb.y2, y); + bb.h = bb.y2 - bb.y1; +}; +var expandBoundingBox = function expandBoundingBox(bb) { + var padding = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0; + bb.x1 -= padding; + bb.x2 += padding; + bb.y1 -= padding; + bb.y2 += padding; + bb.w = bb.x2 - bb.x1; + bb.h = bb.y2 - bb.y1; + return bb; +}; +var expandBoundingBoxSides = function expandBoundingBoxSides(bb) { + var padding = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : [0]; + var top, right, bottom, left; + + if (padding.length === 1) { + top = right = bottom = left = padding[0]; + } else if (padding.length === 2) { + top = bottom = padding[0]; + left = right = padding[1]; + } else if (padding.length === 4) { + var _padding = _slicedToArray(padding, 4); + + top = _padding[0]; + right = _padding[1]; + bottom = _padding[2]; + left = _padding[3]; + } + + bb.x1 -= left; + bb.x2 += right; + bb.y1 -= top; + bb.y2 += bottom; + bb.w = bb.x2 - bb.x1; + bb.h = bb.y2 - bb.y1; + return bb; +}; + +var assignBoundingBox = function assignBoundingBox(bb1, bb2) { + bb1.x1 = bb2.x1; + bb1.y1 = bb2.y1; + bb1.x2 = bb2.x2; + bb1.y2 = bb2.y2; + bb1.w = bb1.x2 - bb1.x1; + bb1.h = bb1.y2 - bb1.y1; +}; +var boundingBoxesIntersect = function boundingBoxesIntersect(bb1, bb2) { + // case: one bb to right of other + if (bb1.x1 > bb2.x2) { + return false; + } + + if (bb2.x1 > bb1.x2) { + return false; + } // case: one bb to left of other + + + if (bb1.x2 < bb2.x1) { + return false; + } + + if (bb2.x2 < bb1.x1) { + return false; + } // case: one bb above other + + + if (bb1.y2 < bb2.y1) { + return false; + } + + if (bb2.y2 < bb1.y1) { + return false; + } // case: one bb below other + + + if (bb1.y1 > bb2.y2) { + return false; + } + + if (bb2.y1 > bb1.y2) { + return false; + } // otherwise, must have some overlap + + + return true; +}; +var inBoundingBox = function inBoundingBox(bb, x, y) { + return bb.x1 <= x && x <= bb.x2 && bb.y1 <= y && y <= bb.y2; +}; +var pointInBoundingBox = function pointInBoundingBox(bb, pt) { + return inBoundingBox(bb, pt.x, pt.y); +}; +var boundingBoxInBoundingBox = function boundingBoxInBoundingBox(bb1, bb2) { + return inBoundingBox(bb1, bb2.x1, bb2.y1) && inBoundingBox(bb1, bb2.x2, bb2.y2); +}; +var roundRectangleIntersectLine = function roundRectangleIntersectLine(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, width, height, padding) { + var cornerRadius = getRoundRectangleRadius(width, height); + var halfWidth = width / 2; + var halfHeight = height / 2; // Check intersections with straight line segments + + var straightLineIntersections; // Top segment, left to right + + { + var topStartX = nodeX - halfWidth + cornerRadius - padding; + var topStartY = nodeY - halfHeight - padding; + var topEndX = nodeX + halfWidth - cornerRadius + padding; + var topEndY = topStartY; + straightLineIntersections = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, topStartX, topStartY, topEndX, topEndY, false); + + if (straightLineIntersections.length > 0) { + return straightLineIntersections; + } + } // Right segment, top to bottom + + { + var rightStartX = nodeX + halfWidth + padding; + var rightStartY = nodeY - halfHeight + cornerRadius - padding; + var rightEndX = rightStartX; + var rightEndY = nodeY + halfHeight - cornerRadius + padding; + straightLineIntersections = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, rightStartX, rightStartY, rightEndX, rightEndY, false); + + if (straightLineIntersections.length > 0) { + return straightLineIntersections; + } + } // Bottom segment, left to right + + { + var bottomStartX = nodeX - halfWidth + cornerRadius - padding; + var bottomStartY = nodeY + halfHeight + padding; + var bottomEndX = nodeX + halfWidth - cornerRadius + padding; + var bottomEndY = bottomStartY; + straightLineIntersections = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, bottomStartX, bottomStartY, bottomEndX, bottomEndY, false); + + if (straightLineIntersections.length > 0) { + return straightLineIntersections; + } + } // Left segment, top to bottom + + { + var leftStartX = nodeX - halfWidth - padding; + var leftStartY = nodeY - halfHeight + cornerRadius - padding; + var leftEndX = leftStartX; + var leftEndY = nodeY + halfHeight - cornerRadius + padding; + straightLineIntersections = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, leftStartX, leftStartY, leftEndX, leftEndY, false); + + if (straightLineIntersections.length > 0) { + return straightLineIntersections; + } + } // Check intersections with arc segments + + var arcIntersections; // Top Left + + { + var topLeftCenterX = nodeX - halfWidth + cornerRadius; + var topLeftCenterY = nodeY - halfHeight + cornerRadius; + arcIntersections = intersectLineCircle(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, topLeftCenterX, topLeftCenterY, cornerRadius + padding); // Ensure the intersection is on the desired quarter of the circle + + if (arcIntersections.length > 0 && arcIntersections[0] <= topLeftCenterX && arcIntersections[1] <= topLeftCenterY) { + return [arcIntersections[0], arcIntersections[1]]; + } + } // Top Right + + { + var topRightCenterX = nodeX + halfWidth - cornerRadius; + var topRightCenterY = nodeY - halfHeight + cornerRadius; + arcIntersections = intersectLineCircle(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, topRightCenterX, topRightCenterY, cornerRadius + padding); // Ensure the intersection is on the desired quarter of the circle + + if (arcIntersections.length > 0 && arcIntersections[0] >= topRightCenterX && arcIntersections[1] <= topRightCenterY) { + return [arcIntersections[0], arcIntersections[1]]; + } + } // Bottom Right + + { + var bottomRightCenterX = nodeX + halfWidth - cornerRadius; + var bottomRightCenterY = nodeY + halfHeight - cornerRadius; + arcIntersections = intersectLineCircle(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, bottomRightCenterX, bottomRightCenterY, cornerRadius + padding); // Ensure the intersection is on the desired quarter of the circle + + if (arcIntersections.length > 0 && arcIntersections[0] >= bottomRightCenterX && arcIntersections[1] >= bottomRightCenterY) { + return [arcIntersections[0], arcIntersections[1]]; + } + } // Bottom Left + + { + var bottomLeftCenterX = nodeX - halfWidth + cornerRadius; + var bottomLeftCenterY = nodeY + halfHeight - cornerRadius; + arcIntersections = intersectLineCircle(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, bottomLeftCenterX, bottomLeftCenterY, cornerRadius + padding); // Ensure the intersection is on the desired quarter of the circle + + if (arcIntersections.length > 0 && arcIntersections[0] <= bottomLeftCenterX && arcIntersections[1] >= bottomLeftCenterY) { + return [arcIntersections[0], arcIntersections[1]]; + } + } + return []; // if nothing +}; +var inLineVicinity = function inLineVicinity(x, y, lx1, ly1, lx2, ly2, tolerance) { + var t = tolerance; + var x1 = Math.min(lx1, lx2); + var x2 = Math.max(lx1, lx2); + var y1 = Math.min(ly1, ly2); + var y2 = Math.max(ly1, ly2); + return x1 - t <= x && x <= x2 + t && y1 - t <= y && y <= y2 + t; +}; +var inBezierVicinity = function inBezierVicinity(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, tolerance) { + var bb = { + x1: Math.min(x1, x3, x2) - tolerance, + x2: Math.max(x1, x3, x2) + tolerance, + y1: Math.min(y1, y3, y2) - tolerance, + y2: Math.max(y1, y3, y2) + tolerance + }; // if outside the rough bounding box for the bezier, then it can't be a hit + + if (x < bb.x1 || x > bb.x2 || y < bb.y1 || y > bb.y2) { + // console.log('bezier out of rough bb') + return false; + } else { + // console.log('do more expensive check'); + return true; + } +}; +var solveQuadratic = function solveQuadratic(a, b, c, val) { + c -= val; + var r = b * b - 4 * a * c; + + if (r < 0) { + return []; + } + + var sqrtR = Math.sqrt(r); + var denom = 2 * a; + var root1 = (-b + sqrtR) / denom; + var root2 = (-b - sqrtR) / denom; + return [root1, root2]; +}; +var solveCubic = function solveCubic(a, b, c, d, result) { + // Solves a cubic function, returns root in form [r1, i1, r2, i2, r3, i3], where + // r is the real component, i is the imaginary component + // An implementation of the Cardano method from the year 1545 + // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_function#The_nature_of_the_roots + var epsilon = 0.00001; // avoid division by zero while keeping the overall expression close in value + + if (a === 0) { + a = epsilon; + } + + b /= a; + c /= a; + d /= a; + var discriminant, q, r, dum1, s, t, term1, r13; + q = (3.0 * c - b * b) / 9.0; + r = -(27.0 * d) + b * (9.0 * c - 2.0 * (b * b)); + r /= 54.0; + discriminant = q * q * q + r * r; + result[1] = 0; + term1 = b / 3.0; + + if (discriminant > 0) { + s = r + Math.sqrt(discriminant); + s = s < 0 ? -Math.pow(-s, 1.0 / 3.0) : Math.pow(s, 1.0 / 3.0); + t = r - Math.sqrt(discriminant); + t = t < 0 ? -Math.pow(-t, 1.0 / 3.0) : Math.pow(t, 1.0 / 3.0); + result[0] = -term1 + s + t; + term1 += (s + t) / 2.0; + result[4] = result[2] = -term1; + term1 = Math.sqrt(3.0) * (-t + s) / 2; + result[3] = term1; + result[5] = -term1; + return; + } + + result[5] = result[3] = 0; + + if (discriminant === 0) { + r13 = r < 0 ? -Math.pow(-r, 1.0 / 3.0) : Math.pow(r, 1.0 / 3.0); + result[0] = -term1 + 2.0 * r13; + result[4] = result[2] = -(r13 + term1); + return; + } + + q = -q; + dum1 = q * q * q; + dum1 = Math.acos(r / Math.sqrt(dum1)); + r13 = 2.0 * Math.sqrt(q); + result[0] = -term1 + r13 * Math.cos(dum1 / 3.0); + result[2] = -term1 + r13 * Math.cos((dum1 + 2.0 * Math.PI) / 3.0); + result[4] = -term1 + r13 * Math.cos((dum1 + 4.0 * Math.PI) / 3.0); + return; +}; +var sqdistToQuadraticBezier = function sqdistToQuadraticBezier(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3) { + // Find minimum distance by using the minimum of the distance + // function between the given point and the curve + // This gives the coefficients of the resulting cubic equation + // whose roots tell us where a possible minimum is + // (Coefficients are divided by 4) + var a = 1.0 * x1 * x1 - 4 * x1 * x2 + 2 * x1 * x3 + 4 * x2 * x2 - 4 * x2 * x3 + x3 * x3 + y1 * y1 - 4 * y1 * y2 + 2 * y1 * y3 + 4 * y2 * y2 - 4 * y2 * y3 + y3 * y3; + var b = 1.0 * 9 * x1 * x2 - 3 * x1 * x1 - 3 * x1 * x3 - 6 * x2 * x2 + 3 * x2 * x3 + 9 * y1 * y2 - 3 * y1 * y1 - 3 * y1 * y3 - 6 * y2 * y2 + 3 * y2 * y3; + var c = 1.0 * 3 * x1 * x1 - 6 * x1 * x2 + x1 * x3 - x1 * x + 2 * x2 * x2 + 2 * x2 * x - x3 * x + 3 * y1 * y1 - 6 * y1 * y2 + y1 * y3 - y1 * y + 2 * y2 * y2 + 2 * y2 * y - y3 * y; + var d = 1.0 * x1 * x2 - x1 * x1 + x1 * x - x2 * x + y1 * y2 - y1 * y1 + y1 * y - y2 * y; // debug("coefficients: " + a / a + ", " + b / a + ", " + c / a + ", " + d / a); + + var roots = []; // Use the cubic solving algorithm + + solveCubic(a, b, c, d, roots); + var zeroThreshold = 0.0000001; + var params = []; + + for (var index = 0; index < 6; index += 2) { + if (Math.abs(roots[index + 1]) < zeroThreshold && roots[index] >= 0 && roots[index] <= 1.0) { + params.push(roots[index]); + } + } + + params.push(1.0); + params.push(0.0); + var minDistanceSquared = -1; + var curX, curY, distSquared; + + for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) { + curX = Math.pow(1.0 - params[i], 2.0) * x1 + 2.0 * (1 - params[i]) * params[i] * x2 + params[i] * params[i] * x3; + curY = Math.pow(1 - params[i], 2.0) * y1 + 2 * (1.0 - params[i]) * params[i] * y2 + params[i] * params[i] * y3; + distSquared = Math.pow(curX - x, 2) + Math.pow(curY - y, 2); // debug('distance for param ' + params[i] + ": " + Math.sqrt(distSquared)); + + if (minDistanceSquared >= 0) { + if (distSquared < minDistanceSquared) { + minDistanceSquared = distSquared; + } + } else { + minDistanceSquared = distSquared; + } + } + + return minDistanceSquared; +}; +var sqdistToFiniteLine = function sqdistToFiniteLine(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2) { + var offset = [x - x1, y - y1]; + var line = [x2 - x1, y2 - y1]; + var lineSq = line[0] * line[0] + line[1] * line[1]; + var hypSq = offset[0] * offset[0] + offset[1] * offset[1]; + var dotProduct = offset[0] * line[0] + offset[1] * line[1]; + var adjSq = dotProduct * dotProduct / lineSq; + + if (dotProduct < 0) { + return hypSq; + } + + if (adjSq > lineSq) { + return (x - x2) * (x - x2) + (y - y2) * (y - y2); + } + + return hypSq - adjSq; +}; +var pointInsidePolygonPoints = function pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, points) { + var x1, y1, x2, y2; + var y3; // Intersect with vertical line through (x, y) + + var up = 0; // let down = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < points.length / 2; i++) { + x1 = points[i * 2]; + y1 = points[i * 2 + 1]; + + if (i + 1 < points.length / 2) { + x2 = points[(i + 1) * 2]; + y2 = points[(i + 1) * 2 + 1]; + } else { + x2 = points[(i + 1 - points.length / 2) * 2]; + y2 = points[(i + 1 - points.length / 2) * 2 + 1]; + } + + if (x1 == x && x2 == x) ; else if (x1 >= x && x >= x2 || x1 <= x && x <= x2) { + y3 = (x - x1) / (x2 - x1) * (y2 - y1) + y1; + + if (y3 > y) { + up++; + } // if( y3 < y ){ + // down++; + // } + + } else { + continue; + } + } + + if (up % 2 === 0) { + return false; + } else { + return true; + } +}; +var pointInsidePolygon = function pointInsidePolygon(x, y, basePoints, centerX, centerY, width, height, direction, padding) { + var transformedPoints = new Array(basePoints.length); // Gives negative angle + + var angle; + + if (direction[0] != null) { + angle = Math.atan(direction[1] / direction[0]); + + if (direction[0] < 0) { + angle = angle + Math.PI / 2; + } else { + angle = -angle - Math.PI / 2; + } + } else { + angle = direction; + } + + var cos = Math.cos(-angle); + var sin = Math.sin(-angle); // console.log("base: " + basePoints); + + for (var i = 0; i < transformedPoints.length / 2; i++) { + transformedPoints[i * 2] = width / 2 * (basePoints[i * 2] * cos - basePoints[i * 2 + 1] * sin); + transformedPoints[i * 2 + 1] = height / 2 * (basePoints[i * 2 + 1] * cos + basePoints[i * 2] * sin); + transformedPoints[i * 2] += centerX; + transformedPoints[i * 2 + 1] += centerY; + } + + var points; + + if (padding > 0) { + var expandedLineSet = expandPolygon(transformedPoints, -padding); + points = joinLines(expandedLineSet); + } else { + points = transformedPoints; + } + + return pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, points); +}; +var pointInsideRoundPolygon = function pointInsideRoundPolygon(x, y, basePoints, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + var cutPolygonPoints = new Array(basePoints.length); + var halfW = width / 2; + var halfH = height / 2; + var cornerRadius = getRoundPolygonRadius(width, height); + var squaredCornerRadius = cornerRadius * cornerRadius; + + for (var i = 0; i < basePoints.length / 4; i++) { + var sourceUv = void 0, + destUv = void 0; + + if (i === 0) { + sourceUv = basePoints.length - 2; + } else { + sourceUv = i * 4 - 2; + } + + destUv = i * 4 + 2; + var px = centerX + halfW * basePoints[i * 4]; + var py = centerY + halfH * basePoints[i * 4 + 1]; + var cosTheta = -basePoints[sourceUv] * basePoints[destUv] - basePoints[sourceUv + 1] * basePoints[destUv + 1]; + var offset = cornerRadius / Math.tan(Math.acos(cosTheta) / 2); + var cp0x = px - offset * basePoints[sourceUv]; + var cp0y = py - offset * basePoints[sourceUv + 1]; + var cp1x = px + offset * basePoints[destUv]; + var cp1y = py + offset * basePoints[destUv + 1]; + cutPolygonPoints[i * 4] = cp0x; + cutPolygonPoints[i * 4 + 1] = cp0y; + cutPolygonPoints[i * 4 + 2] = cp1x; + cutPolygonPoints[i * 4 + 3] = cp1y; + var orthx = basePoints[sourceUv + 1]; + var orthy = -basePoints[sourceUv]; + var cosAlpha = orthx * basePoints[destUv] + orthy * basePoints[destUv + 1]; + + if (cosAlpha < 0) { + orthx *= -1; + orthy *= -1; + } + + var cx = cp0x + orthx * cornerRadius; + var cy = cp0y + orthy * cornerRadius; + var squaredDistance = Math.pow(cx - x, 2) + Math.pow(cy - y, 2); + + if (squaredDistance <= squaredCornerRadius) { + return true; + } + } + + return pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, cutPolygonPoints); +}; +var joinLines = function joinLines(lineSet) { + var vertices = new Array(lineSet.length / 2); + var currentLineStartX, currentLineStartY, currentLineEndX, currentLineEndY; + var nextLineStartX, nextLineStartY, nextLineEndX, nextLineEndY; + + for (var i = 0; i < lineSet.length / 4; i++) { + currentLineStartX = lineSet[i * 4]; + currentLineStartY = lineSet[i * 4 + 1]; + currentLineEndX = lineSet[i * 4 + 2]; + currentLineEndY = lineSet[i * 4 + 3]; + + if (i < lineSet.length / 4 - 1) { + nextLineStartX = lineSet[(i + 1) * 4]; + nextLineStartY = lineSet[(i + 1) * 4 + 1]; + nextLineEndX = lineSet[(i + 1) * 4 + 2]; + nextLineEndY = lineSet[(i + 1) * 4 + 3]; + } else { + nextLineStartX = lineSet[0]; + nextLineStartY = lineSet[1]; + nextLineEndX = lineSet[2]; + nextLineEndY = lineSet[3]; + } + + var intersection = finiteLinesIntersect(currentLineStartX, currentLineStartY, currentLineEndX, currentLineEndY, nextLineStartX, nextLineStartY, nextLineEndX, nextLineEndY, true); + vertices[i * 2] = intersection[0]; + vertices[i * 2 + 1] = intersection[1]; + } + + return vertices; +}; +var expandPolygon = function expandPolygon(points, pad) { + var expandedLineSet = new Array(points.length * 2); + var currentPointX, currentPointY, nextPointX, nextPointY; + + for (var i = 0; i < points.length / 2; i++) { + currentPointX = points[i * 2]; + currentPointY = points[i * 2 + 1]; + + if (i < points.length / 2 - 1) { + nextPointX = points[(i + 1) * 2]; + nextPointY = points[(i + 1) * 2 + 1]; + } else { + nextPointX = points[0]; + nextPointY = points[1]; + } // Current line: [currentPointX, currentPointY] to [nextPointX, nextPointY] + // Assume CCW polygon winding + + + var offsetX = nextPointY - currentPointY; + var offsetY = -(nextPointX - currentPointX); // Normalize + + var offsetLength = Math.sqrt(offsetX * offsetX + offsetY * offsetY); + var normalizedOffsetX = offsetX / offsetLength; + var normalizedOffsetY = offsetY / offsetLength; + expandedLineSet[i * 4] = currentPointX + normalizedOffsetX * pad; + expandedLineSet[i * 4 + 1] = currentPointY + normalizedOffsetY * pad; + expandedLineSet[i * 4 + 2] = nextPointX + normalizedOffsetX * pad; + expandedLineSet[i * 4 + 3] = nextPointY + normalizedOffsetY * pad; + } + + return expandedLineSet; +}; +var intersectLineEllipse = function intersectLineEllipse(x, y, centerX, centerY, ellipseWradius, ellipseHradius) { + var dispX = centerX - x; + var dispY = centerY - y; + dispX /= ellipseWradius; + dispY /= ellipseHradius; + var len = Math.sqrt(dispX * dispX + dispY * dispY); + var newLength = len - 1; + + if (newLength < 0) { + return []; + } + + var lenProportion = newLength / len; + return [(centerX - x) * lenProportion + x, (centerY - y) * lenProportion + y]; +}; +var checkInEllipse = function checkInEllipse(x, y, width, height, centerX, centerY, padding) { + x -= centerX; + y -= centerY; + x /= width / 2 + padding; + y /= height / 2 + padding; + return x * x + y * y <= 1; +}; // Returns intersections of increasing distance from line's start point + +var intersectLineCircle = function intersectLineCircle(x1, y1, x2, y2, centerX, centerY, radius) { + // Calculate d, direction vector of line + var d = [x2 - x1, y2 - y1]; // Direction vector of line + + var f = [x1 - centerX, y1 - centerY]; + var a = d[0] * d[0] + d[1] * d[1]; + var b = 2 * (f[0] * d[0] + f[1] * d[1]); + var c = f[0] * f[0] + f[1] * f[1] - radius * radius; + var discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c; + + if (discriminant < 0) { + return []; + } + + var t1 = (-b + Math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a); + var t2 = (-b - Math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a); + var tMin = Math.min(t1, t2); + var tMax = Math.max(t1, t2); + var inRangeParams = []; + + if (tMin >= 0 && tMin <= 1) { + inRangeParams.push(tMin); + } + + if (tMax >= 0 && tMax <= 1) { + inRangeParams.push(tMax); + } + + if (inRangeParams.length === 0) { + return []; + } + + var nearIntersectionX = inRangeParams[0] * d[0] + x1; + var nearIntersectionY = inRangeParams[0] * d[1] + y1; + + if (inRangeParams.length > 1) { + if (inRangeParams[0] == inRangeParams[1]) { + return [nearIntersectionX, nearIntersectionY]; + } else { + var farIntersectionX = inRangeParams[1] * d[0] + x1; + var farIntersectionY = inRangeParams[1] * d[1] + y1; + return [nearIntersectionX, nearIntersectionY, farIntersectionX, farIntersectionY]; + } + } else { + return [nearIntersectionX, nearIntersectionY]; + } +}; +var midOfThree = function midOfThree(a, b, c) { + if (b <= a && a <= c || c <= a && a <= b) { + return a; + } else if (a <= b && b <= c || c <= b && b <= a) { + return b; + } else { + return c; + } +}; // (x1,y1)=>(x2,y2) intersect with (x3,y3)=>(x4,y4) + +var finiteLinesIntersect = function finiteLinesIntersect(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, infiniteLines) { + var dx13 = x1 - x3; + var dx21 = x2 - x1; + var dx43 = x4 - x3; + var dy13 = y1 - y3; + var dy21 = y2 - y1; + var dy43 = y4 - y3; + var ua_t = dx43 * dy13 - dy43 * dx13; + var ub_t = dx21 * dy13 - dy21 * dx13; + var u_b = dy43 * dx21 - dx43 * dy21; + + if (u_b !== 0) { + var ua = ua_t / u_b; + var ub = ub_t / u_b; + var flptThreshold = 0.001; + + var _min = 0 - flptThreshold; + + var _max = 1 + flptThreshold; + + if (_min <= ua && ua <= _max && _min <= ub && ub <= _max) { + return [x1 + ua * dx21, y1 + ua * dy21]; + } else { + if (!infiniteLines) { + return []; + } else { + return [x1 + ua * dx21, y1 + ua * dy21]; + } + } + } else { + if (ua_t === 0 || ub_t === 0) { + // Parallel, coincident lines. Check if overlap + // Check endpoint of second line + if (midOfThree(x1, x2, x4) === x4) { + return [x4, y4]; + } // Check start point of second line + + + if (midOfThree(x1, x2, x3) === x3) { + return [x3, y3]; + } // Endpoint of first line + + + if (midOfThree(x3, x4, x2) === x2) { + return [x2, y2]; + } + + return []; + } else { + // Parallel, non-coincident + return []; + } + } +}; // math.polygonIntersectLine( x, y, basePoints, centerX, centerY, width, height, padding ) +// intersect a node polygon (pts transformed) +// +// math.polygonIntersectLine( x, y, basePoints, centerX, centerY ) +// intersect the points (no transform) + +var polygonIntersectLine = function polygonIntersectLine(x, y, basePoints, centerX, centerY, width, height, padding) { + var intersections = []; + var intersection; + var transformedPoints = new Array(basePoints.length); + var doTransform = true; + + if (width == null) { + doTransform = false; + } + + var points; + + if (doTransform) { + for (var i = 0; i < transformedPoints.length / 2; i++) { + transformedPoints[i * 2] = basePoints[i * 2] * width + centerX; + transformedPoints[i * 2 + 1] = basePoints[i * 2 + 1] * height + centerY; + } + + if (padding > 0) { + var expandedLineSet = expandPolygon(transformedPoints, -padding); + points = joinLines(expandedLineSet); + } else { + points = transformedPoints; + } + } else { + points = basePoints; + } + + var currentX, currentY, nextX, nextY; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < points.length / 2; _i2++) { + currentX = points[_i2 * 2]; + currentY = points[_i2 * 2 + 1]; + + if (_i2 < points.length / 2 - 1) { + nextX = points[(_i2 + 1) * 2]; + nextY = points[(_i2 + 1) * 2 + 1]; + } else { + nextX = points[0]; + nextY = points[1]; + } + + intersection = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, centerX, centerY, currentX, currentY, nextX, nextY); + + if (intersection.length !== 0) { + intersections.push(intersection[0], intersection[1]); + } + } + + return intersections; +}; +var roundPolygonIntersectLine = function roundPolygonIntersectLine(x, y, basePoints, centerX, centerY, width, height, padding) { + var intersections = []; + var intersection; + var lines = new Array(basePoints.length); + var halfW = width / 2; + var halfH = height / 2; + var cornerRadius = getRoundPolygonRadius(width, height); + + for (var i = 0; i < basePoints.length / 4; i++) { + var sourceUv = void 0, + destUv = void 0; + + if (i === 0) { + sourceUv = basePoints.length - 2; + } else { + sourceUv = i * 4 - 2; + } + + destUv = i * 4 + 2; + var px = centerX + halfW * basePoints[i * 4]; + var py = centerY + halfH * basePoints[i * 4 + 1]; + var cosTheta = -basePoints[sourceUv] * basePoints[destUv] - basePoints[sourceUv + 1] * basePoints[destUv + 1]; + var offset = cornerRadius / Math.tan(Math.acos(cosTheta) / 2); + var cp0x = px - offset * basePoints[sourceUv]; + var cp0y = py - offset * basePoints[sourceUv + 1]; + var cp1x = px + offset * basePoints[destUv]; + var cp1y = py + offset * basePoints[destUv + 1]; + + if (i === 0) { + lines[basePoints.length - 2] = cp0x; + lines[basePoints.length - 1] = cp0y; + } else { + lines[i * 4 - 2] = cp0x; + lines[i * 4 - 1] = cp0y; + } + + lines[i * 4] = cp1x; + lines[i * 4 + 1] = cp1y; + var orthx = basePoints[sourceUv + 1]; + var orthy = -basePoints[sourceUv]; + var cosAlpha = orthx * basePoints[destUv] + orthy * basePoints[destUv + 1]; + + if (cosAlpha < 0) { + orthx *= -1; + orthy *= -1; + } + + var cx = cp0x + orthx * cornerRadius; + var cy = cp0y + orthy * cornerRadius; + intersection = intersectLineCircle(x, y, centerX, centerY, cx, cy, cornerRadius); + + if (intersection.length !== 0) { + intersections.push(intersection[0], intersection[1]); + } + } + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < lines.length / 4; _i3++) { + intersection = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, centerX, centerY, lines[_i3 * 4], lines[_i3 * 4 + 1], lines[_i3 * 4 + 2], lines[_i3 * 4 + 3], false); + + if (intersection.length !== 0) { + intersections.push(intersection[0], intersection[1]); + } + } + + if (intersections.length > 2) { + var lowestIntersection = [intersections[0], intersections[1]]; + var lowestSquaredDistance = Math.pow(lowestIntersection[0] - x, 2) + Math.pow(lowestIntersection[1] - y, 2); + + for (var _i4 = 1; _i4 < intersections.length / 2; _i4++) { + var squaredDistance = Math.pow(intersections[_i4 * 2] - x, 2) + Math.pow(intersections[_i4 * 2 + 1] - y, 2); + + if (squaredDistance <= lowestSquaredDistance) { + lowestIntersection[0] = intersections[_i4 * 2]; + lowestIntersection[1] = intersections[_i4 * 2 + 1]; + lowestSquaredDistance = squaredDistance; + } + } + + return lowestIntersection; + } + + return intersections; +}; +var shortenIntersection = function shortenIntersection(intersection, offset, amount) { + var disp = [intersection[0] - offset[0], intersection[1] - offset[1]]; + var length = Math.sqrt(disp[0] * disp[0] + disp[1] * disp[1]); + var lenRatio = (length - amount) / length; + + if (lenRatio < 0) { + lenRatio = 0.00001; + } + + return [offset[0] + lenRatio * disp[0], offset[1] + lenRatio * disp[1]]; +}; +var generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare = function generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(sides, rotationRadians) { + var points = generateUnitNgonPoints(sides, rotationRadians); + points = fitPolygonToSquare(points); + return points; +}; +var fitPolygonToSquare = function fitPolygonToSquare(points) { + var x, y; + var sides = points.length / 2; + var minX = Infinity, + minY = Infinity, + maxX = -Infinity, + maxY = -Infinity; + + for (var i = 0; i < sides; i++) { + x = points[2 * i]; + y = points[2 * i + 1]; + minX = Math.min(minX, x); + maxX = Math.max(maxX, x); + minY = Math.min(minY, y); + maxY = Math.max(maxY, y); + } // stretch factors + + + var sx = 2 / (maxX - minX); + var sy = 2 / (maxY - minY); + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < sides; _i5++) { + x = points[2 * _i5] = points[2 * _i5] * sx; + y = points[2 * _i5 + 1] = points[2 * _i5 + 1] * sy; + minX = Math.min(minX, x); + maxX = Math.max(maxX, x); + minY = Math.min(minY, y); + maxY = Math.max(maxY, y); + } + + if (minY < -1) { + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < sides; _i6++) { + y = points[2 * _i6 + 1] = points[2 * _i6 + 1] + (-1 - minY); + } + } + + return points; +}; +var generateUnitNgonPoints = function generateUnitNgonPoints(sides, rotationRadians) { + var increment = 1.0 / sides * 2 * Math.PI; + var startAngle = sides % 2 === 0 ? Math.PI / 2.0 + increment / 2.0 : Math.PI / 2.0; + startAngle += rotationRadians; + var points = new Array(sides * 2); + var currentAngle; + + for (var i = 0; i < sides; i++) { + currentAngle = i * increment + startAngle; + points[2 * i] = Math.cos(currentAngle); // x + + points[2 * i + 1] = Math.sin(-currentAngle); // y + } + + return points; +}; // Set the default radius, unless half of width or height is smaller than default + +var getRoundRectangleRadius = function getRoundRectangleRadius(width, height) { + return Math.min(width / 4, height / 4, 8); +}; // Set the default radius + +var getRoundPolygonRadius = function getRoundPolygonRadius(width, height) { + return Math.min(width / 10, height / 10, 8); +}; +var getCutRectangleCornerLength = function getCutRectangleCornerLength() { + return 8; +}; +var bezierPtsToQuadCoeff = function bezierPtsToQuadCoeff(p0, p1, p2) { + return [p0 - 2 * p1 + p2, 2 * (p1 - p0), p0]; +}; // get curve width, height, and control point position offsets as a percentage of node height / width + +var getBarrelCurveConstants = function getBarrelCurveConstants(width, height) { + return { + heightOffset: Math.min(15, 0.05 * height), + widthOffset: Math.min(100, 0.25 * width), + ctrlPtOffsetPct: 0.05 + }; +}; + +var pageRankDefaults = defaults$g({ + dampingFactor: 0.8, + precision: 0.000001, + iterations: 200, + weight: function weight(edge) { + return 1; + } +}); +var elesfn$o = { + pageRank: function pageRank(options) { + var _pageRankDefaults = pageRankDefaults(options), + dampingFactor = _pageRankDefaults.dampingFactor, + precision = _pageRankDefaults.precision, + iterations = _pageRankDefaults.iterations, + weight = _pageRankDefaults.weight; + + var cy = this._private.cy; + + var _this$byGroup = this.byGroup(), + nodes = _this$byGroup.nodes, + edges = _this$byGroup.edges; + + var numNodes = nodes.length; + var numNodesSqd = numNodes * numNodes; + var numEdges = edges.length; // Construct transposed adjacency matrix + // First lets have a zeroed matrix of the right size + // We'll also keep track of the sum of each column + + var matrix = new Array(numNodesSqd); + var columnSum = new Array(numNodes); + var additionalProb = (1 - dampingFactor) / numNodes; // Create null matrix + + for (var i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { + for (var j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) { + var n = i * numNodes + j; + matrix[n] = 0; + } + + columnSum[i] = 0; + } // Now, process edges + + + for (var _i = 0; _i < numEdges; _i++) { + var edge = edges[_i]; + var srcId = edge.data('source'); + var tgtId = edge.data('target'); // Don't include loops in the matrix + + if (srcId === tgtId) { + continue; + } + + var s = nodes.indexOfId(srcId); + var t = nodes.indexOfId(tgtId); + var w = weight(edge); + + var _n = t * numNodes + s; // Update matrix + + + matrix[_n] += w; // Update column sum + + columnSum[s] += w; + } // Add additional probability based on damping factor + // Also, take into account columns that have sum = 0 + + + var p = 1.0 / numNodes + additionalProb; // Shorthand + // Traverse matrix, column by column + + for (var _j = 0; _j < numNodes; _j++) { + if (columnSum[_j] === 0) { + // No 'links' out from node jth, assume equal probability for each possible node + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < numNodes; _i2++) { + var _n2 = _i2 * numNodes + _j; + + matrix[_n2] = p; + } + } else { + // Node jth has outgoing link, compute normalized probabilities + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < numNodes; _i3++) { + var _n3 = _i3 * numNodes + _j; + + matrix[_n3] = matrix[_n3] / columnSum[_j] + additionalProb; + } + } + } // Compute dominant eigenvector using power method + + + var eigenvector = new Array(numNodes); + var temp = new Array(numNodes); + var previous; // Start with a vector of all 1's + // Also, initialize a null vector which will be used as shorthand + + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < numNodes; _i4++) { + eigenvector[_i4] = 1; + } + + for (var iter = 0; iter < iterations; iter++) { + // Temp array with all 0's + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < numNodes; _i5++) { + temp[_i5] = 0; + } // Multiply matrix with previous result + + + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < numNodes; _i6++) { + for (var _j2 = 0; _j2 < numNodes; _j2++) { + var _n4 = _i6 * numNodes + _j2; + + temp[_i6] += matrix[_n4] * eigenvector[_j2]; + } + } + + inPlaceSumNormalize(temp); + previous = eigenvector; + eigenvector = temp; + temp = previous; + var diff = 0; // Compute difference (squared module) of both vectors + + for (var _i7 = 0; _i7 < numNodes; _i7++) { + var delta = previous[_i7] - eigenvector[_i7]; + diff += delta * delta; + } // If difference is less than the desired threshold, stop iterating + + + if (diff < precision) { + break; + } + } // Construct result + + + var res = { + rank: function rank(node) { + node = cy.collection(node)[0]; + return eigenvector[nodes.indexOf(node)]; + } + }; + return res; + } // pageRank + +}; // elesfn + +var defaults$f = defaults$g({ + root: null, + weight: function weight(edge) { + return 1; + }, + directed: false, + alpha: 0 +}); +var elesfn$n = { + degreeCentralityNormalized: function degreeCentralityNormalized(options) { + options = defaults$f(options); + var cy = this.cy(); + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var numNodes = nodes.length; + + if (!options.directed) { + var degrees = {}; + var maxDegree = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; // add current node to the current options object and call degreeCentrality + + options.root = node; + var currDegree = this.degreeCentrality(options); + + if (maxDegree < currDegree.degree) { + maxDegree = currDegree.degree; + } + + degrees[node.id()] = currDegree.degree; + } + + return { + degree: function degree(node) { + if (maxDegree === 0) { + return 0; + } + + if (string(node)) { + // from is a selector string + node = cy.filter(node); + } + + return degrees[node.id()] / maxDegree; + } + }; + } else { + var indegrees = {}; + var outdegrees = {}; + var maxIndegree = 0; + var maxOutdegree = 0; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < numNodes; _i++) { + var _node = nodes[_i]; + + var id = _node.id(); // add current node to the current options object and call degreeCentrality + + + options.root = _node; + + var _currDegree = this.degreeCentrality(options); + + if (maxIndegree < _currDegree.indegree) maxIndegree = _currDegree.indegree; + if (maxOutdegree < _currDegree.outdegree) maxOutdegree = _currDegree.outdegree; + indegrees[id] = _currDegree.indegree; + outdegrees[id] = _currDegree.outdegree; + } + + return { + indegree: function indegree(node) { + if (maxIndegree == 0) { + return 0; + } + + if (string(node)) { + // from is a selector string + node = cy.filter(node); + } + + return indegrees[node.id()] / maxIndegree; + }, + outdegree: function outdegree(node) { + if (maxOutdegree === 0) { + return 0; + } + + if (string(node)) { + // from is a selector string + node = cy.filter(node); + } + + return outdegrees[node.id()] / maxOutdegree; + } + }; + } + }, + // degreeCentralityNormalized + // Implemented from the algorithm in Opsahl's paper + // "Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths" + // check the heading 2 "Degree" + degreeCentrality: function degreeCentrality(options) { + options = defaults$f(options); + var cy = this.cy(); + var callingEles = this; + var _options = options, + root = _options.root, + weight = _options.weight, + directed = _options.directed, + alpha = _options.alpha; + root = cy.collection(root)[0]; + + if (!directed) { + var connEdges = root.connectedEdges().intersection(callingEles); + var k = connEdges.length; + var s = 0; // Now, sum edge weights + + for (var i = 0; i < connEdges.length; i++) { + s += weight(connEdges[i]); + } + + return { + degree: Math.pow(k, 1 - alpha) * Math.pow(s, alpha) + }; + } else { + var edges = root.connectedEdges(); + var incoming = edges.filter(function (edge) { + return edge.target().same(root) && callingEles.has(edge); + }); + var outgoing = edges.filter(function (edge) { + return edge.source().same(root) && callingEles.has(edge); + }); + var k_in = incoming.length; + var k_out = outgoing.length; + var s_in = 0; + var s_out = 0; // Now, sum incoming edge weights + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < incoming.length; _i2++) { + s_in += weight(incoming[_i2]); + } // Now, sum outgoing edge weights + + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < outgoing.length; _i3++) { + s_out += weight(outgoing[_i3]); + } + + return { + indegree: Math.pow(k_in, 1 - alpha) * Math.pow(s_in, alpha), + outdegree: Math.pow(k_out, 1 - alpha) * Math.pow(s_out, alpha) + }; + } + } // degreeCentrality + +}; // elesfn +// nice, short mathematical alias + +elesfn$n.dc = elesfn$n.degreeCentrality; +elesfn$n.dcn = elesfn$n.degreeCentralityNormalised = elesfn$n.degreeCentralityNormalized; + +var defaults$e = defaults$g({ + harmonic: true, + weight: function weight() { + return 1; + }, + directed: false, + root: null +}); +var elesfn$m = { + closenessCentralityNormalized: function closenessCentralityNormalized(options) { + var _defaults = defaults$e(options), + harmonic = _defaults.harmonic, + weight = _defaults.weight, + directed = _defaults.directed; + + var cy = this.cy(); + var closenesses = {}; + var maxCloseness = 0; + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var fw = this.floydWarshall({ + weight: weight, + directed: directed + }); // Compute closeness for every node and find the maximum closeness + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var currCloseness = 0; + var node_i = nodes[i]; + + for (var j = 0; j < nodes.length; j++) { + if (i !== j) { + var d = fw.distance(node_i, nodes[j]); + + if (harmonic) { + currCloseness += 1 / d; + } else { + currCloseness += d; + } + } + } + + if (!harmonic) { + currCloseness = 1 / currCloseness; + } + + if (maxCloseness < currCloseness) { + maxCloseness = currCloseness; + } + + closenesses[node_i.id()] = currCloseness; + } + + return { + closeness: function closeness(node) { + if (maxCloseness == 0) { + return 0; + } + + if (string(node)) { + // from is a selector string + node = cy.filter(node)[0].id(); + } else { + // from is a node + node = node.id(); + } + + return closenesses[node] / maxCloseness; + } + }; + }, + // Implemented from pseudocode from wikipedia + closenessCentrality: function closenessCentrality(options) { + var _defaults2 = defaults$e(options), + root = _defaults2.root, + weight = _defaults2.weight, + directed = _defaults2.directed, + harmonic = _defaults2.harmonic; + + root = this.filter(root)[0]; // we need distance from this node to every other node + + var dijkstra = this.dijkstra({ + root: root, + weight: weight, + directed: directed + }); + var totalDistance = 0; + var nodes = this.nodes(); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var n = nodes[i]; + + if (!n.same(root)) { + var d = dijkstra.distanceTo(n); + + if (harmonic) { + totalDistance += 1 / d; + } else { + totalDistance += d; + } + } + } + + return harmonic ? totalDistance : 1 / totalDistance; + } // closenessCentrality + +}; // elesfn +// nice, short mathematical alias + +elesfn$m.cc = elesfn$m.closenessCentrality; +elesfn$m.ccn = elesfn$m.closenessCentralityNormalised = elesfn$m.closenessCentralityNormalized; + +var defaults$d = defaults$g({ + weight: null, + directed: false +}); +var elesfn$l = { + // Implemented from the algorithm in the paper "On Variants of Shortest-Path Betweenness Centrality and their Generic Computation" by Ulrik Brandes + betweennessCentrality: function betweennessCentrality(options) { + var _defaults = defaults$d(options), + directed = _defaults.directed, + weight = _defaults.weight; + + var weighted = weight != null; + var cy = this.cy(); // starting + + var V = this.nodes(); + var A = {}; + var _C = {}; + var max = 0; + var C = { + set: function set(key, val) { + _C[key] = val; + + if (val > max) { + max = val; + } + }, + get: function get(key) { + return _C[key]; + } + }; // A contains the neighborhoods of every node + + for (var i = 0; i < V.length; i++) { + var v = V[i]; + var vid = v.id(); + + if (directed) { + A[vid] = v.outgoers().nodes(); // get outgoers of every node + } else { + A[vid] = v.openNeighborhood().nodes(); // get neighbors of every node + } + + C.set(vid, 0); + } + + var _loop = function _loop(s) { + var sid = V[s].id(); + var S = []; // stack + + var P = {}; + var g = {}; + var d = {}; + var Q = new Heap__default["default"](function (a, b) { + return d[a] - d[b]; + }); // queue + // init dictionaries + + for (var _i = 0; _i < V.length; _i++) { + var _vid = V[_i].id(); + + P[_vid] = []; + g[_vid] = 0; + d[_vid] = Infinity; + } + + g[sid] = 1; // sigma + + d[sid] = 0; // distance to s + + Q.push(sid); + + while (!Q.empty()) { + var _v = Q.pop(); + + S.push(_v); + + if (weighted) { + for (var j = 0; j < A[_v].length; j++) { + var w = A[_v][j]; + var vEle = cy.getElementById(_v); + var edge = void 0; + + if (vEle.edgesTo(w).length > 0) { + edge = vEle.edgesTo(w)[0]; + } else { + edge = w.edgesTo(vEle)[0]; + } + + var edgeWeight = weight(edge); + w = w.id(); + + if (d[w] > d[_v] + edgeWeight) { + d[w] = d[_v] + edgeWeight; + + if (Q.nodes.indexOf(w) < 0) { + //if w is not in Q + Q.push(w); + } else { + // update position if w is in Q + Q.updateItem(w); + } + + g[w] = 0; + P[w] = []; + } + + if (d[w] == d[_v] + edgeWeight) { + g[w] = g[w] + g[_v]; + P[w].push(_v); + } + } + } else { + for (var _j = 0; _j < A[_v].length; _j++) { + var _w = A[_v][_j].id(); + + if (d[_w] == Infinity) { + Q.push(_w); + d[_w] = d[_v] + 1; + } + + if (d[_w] == d[_v] + 1) { + g[_w] = g[_w] + g[_v]; + + P[_w].push(_v); + } + } + } + } + + var e = {}; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < V.length; _i2++) { + e[V[_i2].id()] = 0; + } + + while (S.length > 0) { + var _w2 = S.pop(); + + for (var _j2 = 0; _j2 < P[_w2].length; _j2++) { + var _v2 = P[_w2][_j2]; + e[_v2] = e[_v2] + g[_v2] / g[_w2] * (1 + e[_w2]); + } + + if (_w2 != V[s].id()) { + C.set(_w2, C.get(_w2) + e[_w2]); + } + } + }; + + for (var s = 0; s < V.length; s++) { + _loop(s); + } + + var ret = { + betweenness: function betweenness(node) { + var id = cy.collection(node).id(); + return C.get(id); + }, + betweennessNormalized: function betweennessNormalized(node) { + if (max == 0) { + return 0; + } + + var id = cy.collection(node).id(); + return C.get(id) / max; + } + }; // alias + + ret.betweennessNormalised = ret.betweennessNormalized; + return ret; + } // betweennessCentrality + +}; // elesfn +// nice, short mathematical alias + +elesfn$l.bc = elesfn$l.betweennessCentrality; + +// Implemented by Zoe Xi @zoexi for GSOC 2016 +/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */ + +var defaults$c = defaults$g({ + expandFactor: 2, + // affects time of computation and cluster granularity to some extent: M * M + inflateFactor: 2, + // affects cluster granularity (the greater the value, the more clusters): M(i,j) / E(j) + multFactor: 1, + // optional self loops for each node. Use a neutral value to improve cluster computations. + maxIterations: 20, + // maximum number of iterations of the MCL algorithm in a single run + attributes: [// attributes/features used to group nodes, ie. similarity values between nodes + function (edge) { + return 1; + }] +}); +/* eslint-enable */ + +var setOptions$3 = function setOptions(options) { + return defaults$c(options); +}; +/* eslint-enable */ + + +var getSimilarity$1 = function getSimilarity(edge, attributes) { + var total = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < attributes.length; i++) { + total += attributes[i](edge); + } + + return total; +}; + +var addLoops = function addLoops(M, n, val) { + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { + M[i * n + i] = val; + } +}; + +var normalize = function normalize(M, n) { + var sum; + + for (var col = 0; col < n; col++) { + sum = 0; + + for (var row = 0; row < n; row++) { + sum += M[row * n + col]; + } + + for (var _row = 0; _row < n; _row++) { + M[_row * n + col] = M[_row * n + col] / sum; + } + } +}; // TODO: blocked matrix multiplication? + + +var mmult = function mmult(A, B, n) { + var C = new Array(n * n); + + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { + for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) { + C[i * n + j] = 0; + } + + for (var k = 0; k < n; k++) { + for (var _j = 0; _j < n; _j++) { + C[i * n + _j] += A[i * n + k] * B[k * n + _j]; + } + } + } + + return C; +}; + +var expand = function expand(M, n, expandFactor +/** power **/ +) { + var _M = M.slice(0); + + for (var p = 1; p < expandFactor; p++) { + M = mmult(M, _M, n); + } + + return M; +}; + +var inflate = function inflate(M, n, inflateFactor +/** r **/ +) { + var _M = new Array(n * n); // M(i,j) ^ inflatePower + + + for (var i = 0; i < n * n; i++) { + _M[i] = Math.pow(M[i], inflateFactor); + } + + normalize(_M, n); + return _M; +}; + +var hasConverged = function hasConverged(M, _M, n2, roundFactor) { + // Check that both matrices have the same elements (i,j) + for (var i = 0; i < n2; i++) { + var v1 = Math.round(M[i] * Math.pow(10, roundFactor)) / Math.pow(10, roundFactor); // truncate to 'roundFactor' decimal places + + var v2 = Math.round(_M[i] * Math.pow(10, roundFactor)) / Math.pow(10, roundFactor); + + if (v1 !== v2) { + return false; + } + } + + return true; +}; + +var assign$2 = function assign(M, n, nodes, cy) { + var clusters = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { + var cluster = []; + + for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) { + // Row-wise attractors and elements that they attract belong in same cluster + if (Math.round(M[i * n + j] * 1000) / 1000 > 0) { + cluster.push(nodes[j]); + } + } + + if (cluster.length !== 0) { + clusters.push(cy.collection(cluster)); + } + } + + return clusters; +}; + +var isDuplicate = function isDuplicate(c1, c2) { + for (var i = 0; i < c1.length; i++) { + if (!c2[i] || c1[i].id() !== c2[i].id()) { + return false; + } + } + + return true; +}; + +var removeDuplicates = function removeDuplicates(clusters) { + for (var i = 0; i < clusters.length; i++) { + for (var j = 0; j < clusters.length; j++) { + if (i != j && isDuplicate(clusters[i], clusters[j])) { + clusters.splice(j, 1); + } + } + } + + return clusters; +}; + +var markovClustering = function markovClustering(options) { + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var edges = this.edges(); + var cy = this.cy(); // Set parameters of algorithm: + + var opts = setOptions$3(options); // Map each node to its position in node array + + var id2position = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + id2position[nodes[i].id()] = i; + } // Generate stochastic matrix M from input graph G (should be symmetric/undirected) + + + var n = nodes.length, + n2 = n * n; + + var M = new Array(n2), + _M; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < n2; _i++) { + M[_i] = 0; + } + + for (var e = 0; e < edges.length; e++) { + var edge = edges[e]; + var _i2 = id2position[edge.source().id()]; + var j = id2position[edge.target().id()]; + var sim = getSimilarity$1(edge, opts.attributes); + M[_i2 * n + j] += sim; // G should be symmetric and undirected + + M[j * n + _i2] += sim; + } // Begin Markov cluster algorithm + // Step 1: Add self loops to each node, ie. add multFactor to matrix diagonal + + + addLoops(M, n, opts.multFactor); // Step 2: M = normalize( M ); + + normalize(M, n); + var isStillMoving = true; + var iterations = 0; + + while (isStillMoving && iterations < opts.maxIterations) { + isStillMoving = false; // Step 3: + + _M = expand(M, n, opts.expandFactor); // Step 4: + + M = inflate(_M, n, opts.inflateFactor); // Step 5: check to see if ~steady state has been reached + + if (!hasConverged(M, _M, n2, 4)) { + isStillMoving = true; + } + + iterations++; + } // Build clusters from matrix + + + var clusters = assign$2(M, n, nodes, cy); // Remove duplicate clusters due to symmetry of graph and M matrix + + clusters = removeDuplicates(clusters); + return clusters; +}; + +var markovClustering$1 = { + markovClustering: markovClustering, + mcl: markovClustering +}; + +// Common distance metrics for clustering algorithms + +var identity = function identity(x) { + return x; +}; + +var absDiff = function absDiff(p, q) { + return Math.abs(q - p); +}; + +var addAbsDiff = function addAbsDiff(total, p, q) { + return total + absDiff(p, q); +}; + +var addSquaredDiff = function addSquaredDiff(total, p, q) { + return total + Math.pow(q - p, 2); +}; + +var sqrt = function sqrt(x) { + return Math.sqrt(x); +}; + +var maxAbsDiff = function maxAbsDiff(currentMax, p, q) { + return Math.max(currentMax, absDiff(p, q)); +}; + +var getDistance = function getDistance(length, getP, getQ, init, visit) { + var post = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : identity; + var ret = init; + var p, q; + + for (var dim = 0; dim < length; dim++) { + p = getP(dim); + q = getQ(dim); + ret = visit(ret, p, q); + } + + return post(ret); +}; + +var distances = { + euclidean: function euclidean(length, getP, getQ) { + if (length >= 2) { + return getDistance(length, getP, getQ, 0, addSquaredDiff, sqrt); + } else { + // for single attr case, more efficient to avoid sqrt + return getDistance(length, getP, getQ, 0, addAbsDiff); + } + }, + squaredEuclidean: function squaredEuclidean(length, getP, getQ) { + return getDistance(length, getP, getQ, 0, addSquaredDiff); + }, + manhattan: function manhattan(length, getP, getQ) { + return getDistance(length, getP, getQ, 0, addAbsDiff); + }, + max: function max(length, getP, getQ) { + return getDistance(length, getP, getQ, -Infinity, maxAbsDiff); + } +}; // in case the user accidentally doesn't use camel case + +distances['squared-euclidean'] = distances['squaredEuclidean']; +distances['squaredeuclidean'] = distances['squaredEuclidean']; +function clusteringDistance (method, length, getP, getQ, nodeP, nodeQ) { + var impl; + + if (fn$6(method)) { + impl = method; + } else { + impl = distances[method] || distances.euclidean; + } + + if (length === 0 && fn$6(method)) { + return impl(nodeP, nodeQ); + } else { + return impl(length, getP, getQ, nodeP, nodeQ); + } +} + +var defaults$b = defaults$g({ + k: 2, + m: 2, + sensitivityThreshold: 0.0001, + distance: 'euclidean', + maxIterations: 10, + attributes: [], + testMode: false, + testCentroids: null +}); + +var setOptions$2 = function setOptions(options) { + return defaults$b(options); +}; +/* eslint-enable */ + + +var getDist = function getDist(type, node, centroid, attributes, mode) { + var noNodeP = mode !== 'kMedoids'; + var getP = noNodeP ? function (i) { + return centroid[i]; + } : function (i) { + return attributes[i](centroid); + }; + + var getQ = function getQ(i) { + return attributes[i](node); + }; + + var nodeP = centroid; + var nodeQ = node; + return clusteringDistance(type, attributes.length, getP, getQ, nodeP, nodeQ); +}; + +var randomCentroids = function randomCentroids(nodes, k, attributes) { + var ndim = attributes.length; + var min = new Array(ndim); + var max = new Array(ndim); + var centroids = new Array(k); + var centroid = null; // Find min, max values for each attribute dimension + + for (var i = 0; i < ndim; i++) { + min[i] = nodes.min(attributes[i]).value; + max[i] = nodes.max(attributes[i]).value; + } // Build k centroids, each represented as an n-dim feature vector + + + for (var c = 0; c < k; c++) { + centroid = []; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < ndim; _i++) { + centroid[_i] = Math.random() * (max[_i] - min[_i]) + min[_i]; // random initial value + } + + centroids[c] = centroid; + } + + return centroids; +}; + +var classify = function classify(node, centroids, distance, attributes, type) { + var min = Infinity; + var index = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < centroids.length; i++) { + var dist = getDist(distance, node, centroids[i], attributes, type); + + if (dist < min) { + min = dist; + index = i; + } + } + + return index; +}; + +var buildCluster = function buildCluster(centroid, nodes, assignment) { + var cluster = []; + var node = null; + + for (var n = 0; n < nodes.length; n++) { + node = nodes[n]; + + if (assignment[node.id()] === centroid) { + //console.log("Node " + node.id() + " is associated with medoid #: " + m); + cluster.push(node); + } + } + + return cluster; +}; + +var haveValuesConverged = function haveValuesConverged(v1, v2, sensitivityThreshold) { + return Math.abs(v2 - v1) <= sensitivityThreshold; +}; + +var haveMatricesConverged = function haveMatricesConverged(v1, v2, sensitivityThreshold) { + for (var i = 0; i < v1.length; i++) { + for (var j = 0; j < v1[i].length; j++) { + var diff = Math.abs(v1[i][j] - v2[i][j]); + + if (diff > sensitivityThreshold) { + return false; + } + } + } + + return true; +}; + +var seenBefore = function seenBefore(node, medoids, n) { + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { + if (node === medoids[i]) return true; + } + + return false; +}; + +var randomMedoids = function randomMedoids(nodes, k) { + var medoids = new Array(k); // For small data sets, the probability of medoid conflict is greater, + // so we need to check to see if we've already seen or chose this node before. + + if (nodes.length < 50) { + // Randomly select k medoids from the n nodes + for (var i = 0; i < k; i++) { + var node = nodes[Math.floor(Math.random() * nodes.length)]; // If we've already chosen this node to be a medoid, don't choose it again (for small data sets). + // Instead choose a different random node. + + while (seenBefore(node, medoids, i)) { + node = nodes[Math.floor(Math.random() * nodes.length)]; + } + + medoids[i] = node; + } + } else { + // Relatively large data set, so pretty safe to not check and just select random nodes + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < k; _i2++) { + medoids[_i2] = nodes[Math.floor(Math.random() * nodes.length)]; + } + } + + return medoids; +}; + +var findCost = function findCost(potentialNewMedoid, cluster, attributes) { + var cost = 0; + + for (var n = 0; n < cluster.length; n++) { + cost += getDist('manhattan', cluster[n], potentialNewMedoid, attributes, 'kMedoids'); + } + + return cost; +}; + +var kMeans = function kMeans(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var node = null; // Set parameters of algorithm: # of clusters, distance metric, etc. + + var opts = setOptions$2(options); // Begin k-means algorithm + + var clusters = new Array(opts.k); + var assignment = {}; + var centroids; // Step 1: Initialize centroid positions + + if (opts.testMode) { + if (typeof opts.testCentroids === 'number') { + // TODO: implement a seeded random number generator. + opts.testCentroids; + centroids = randomCentroids(nodes, opts.k, opts.attributes); + } else if (_typeof(opts.testCentroids) === 'object') { + centroids = opts.testCentroids; + } else { + centroids = randomCentroids(nodes, opts.k, opts.attributes); + } + } else { + centroids = randomCentroids(nodes, opts.k, opts.attributes); + } + + var isStillMoving = true; + var iterations = 0; + + while (isStillMoving && iterations < opts.maxIterations) { + // Step 2: Assign nodes to the nearest centroid + for (var n = 0; n < nodes.length; n++) { + node = nodes[n]; // Determine which cluster this node belongs to: node id => cluster # + + assignment[node.id()] = classify(node, centroids, opts.distance, opts.attributes, 'kMeans'); + } // Step 3: For each of the k clusters, update its centroid + + + isStillMoving = false; + + for (var c = 0; c < opts.k; c++) { + // Get all nodes that belong to this cluster + var cluster = buildCluster(c, nodes, assignment); + + if (cluster.length === 0) { + // If cluster is empty, break out early & move to next cluster + continue; + } // Update centroids by calculating avg of all nodes within the cluster. + + + var ndim = opts.attributes.length; + var centroid = centroids[c]; // [ dim_1, dim_2, dim_3, ... , dim_n ] + + var newCentroid = new Array(ndim); + var sum = new Array(ndim); + + for (var d = 0; d < ndim; d++) { + sum[d] = 0.0; + + for (var i = 0; i < cluster.length; i++) { + node = cluster[i]; + sum[d] += opts.attributes[d](node); + } + + newCentroid[d] = sum[d] / cluster.length; // Check to see if algorithm has converged, i.e. when centroids no longer change + + if (!haveValuesConverged(newCentroid[d], centroid[d], opts.sensitivityThreshold)) { + isStillMoving = true; + } + } + + centroids[c] = newCentroid; + clusters[c] = cy.collection(cluster); + } + + iterations++; + } + + return clusters; +}; + +var kMedoids = function kMedoids(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var node = null; + var opts = setOptions$2(options); // Begin k-medoids algorithm + + var clusters = new Array(opts.k); + var medoids; + var assignment = {}; + var curCost; + var minCosts = new Array(opts.k); // minimum cost configuration for each cluster + // Step 1: Initialize k medoids + + if (opts.testMode) { + if (typeof opts.testCentroids === 'number') ; else if (_typeof(opts.testCentroids) === 'object') { + medoids = opts.testCentroids; + } else { + medoids = randomMedoids(nodes, opts.k); + } + } else { + medoids = randomMedoids(nodes, opts.k); + } + + var isStillMoving = true; + var iterations = 0; + + while (isStillMoving && iterations < opts.maxIterations) { + // Step 2: Assign nodes to the nearest medoid + for (var n = 0; n < nodes.length; n++) { + node = nodes[n]; // Determine which cluster this node belongs to: node id => cluster # + + assignment[node.id()] = classify(node, medoids, opts.distance, opts.attributes, 'kMedoids'); + } + + isStillMoving = false; // Step 3: For each medoid m, and for each node assciated with mediod m, + // select the node with the lowest configuration cost as new medoid. + + for (var m = 0; m < medoids.length; m++) { + // Get all nodes that belong to this medoid + var cluster = buildCluster(m, nodes, assignment); + + if (cluster.length === 0) { + // If cluster is empty, break out early & move to next cluster + continue; + } + + minCosts[m] = findCost(medoids[m], cluster, opts.attributes); // original cost + // Select different medoid if its configuration has the lowest cost + + for (var _n = 0; _n < cluster.length; _n++) { + curCost = findCost(cluster[_n], cluster, opts.attributes); + + if (curCost < minCosts[m]) { + minCosts[m] = curCost; + medoids[m] = cluster[_n]; + isStillMoving = true; + } + } + + clusters[m] = cy.collection(cluster); + } + + iterations++; + } + + return clusters; +}; + +var updateCentroids = function updateCentroids(centroids, nodes, U, weight, opts) { + var numerator, denominator; + + for (var n = 0; n < nodes.length; n++) { + for (var c = 0; c < centroids.length; c++) { + weight[n][c] = Math.pow(U[n][c], opts.m); + } + } + + for (var _c = 0; _c < centroids.length; _c++) { + for (var dim = 0; dim < opts.attributes.length; dim++) { + numerator = 0; + denominator = 0; + + for (var _n2 = 0; _n2 < nodes.length; _n2++) { + numerator += weight[_n2][_c] * opts.attributes[dim](nodes[_n2]); + denominator += weight[_n2][_c]; + } + + centroids[_c][dim] = numerator / denominator; + } + } +}; + +var updateMembership = function updateMembership(U, _U, centroids, nodes, opts) { + // Save previous step + for (var i = 0; i < U.length; i++) { + _U[i] = U[i].slice(); + } + + var sum, numerator, denominator; + var pow = 2 / (opts.m - 1); + + for (var c = 0; c < centroids.length; c++) { + for (var n = 0; n < nodes.length; n++) { + sum = 0; + + for (var k = 0; k < centroids.length; k++) { + // against all other centroids + numerator = getDist(opts.distance, nodes[n], centroids[c], opts.attributes, 'cmeans'); + denominator = getDist(opts.distance, nodes[n], centroids[k], opts.attributes, 'cmeans'); + sum += Math.pow(numerator / denominator, pow); + } + + U[n][c] = 1 / sum; + } + } +}; + +var assign$1 = function assign(nodes, U, opts, cy) { + var clusters = new Array(opts.k); + + for (var c = 0; c < clusters.length; c++) { + clusters[c] = []; + } + + var max; + var index; + + for (var n = 0; n < U.length; n++) { + // for each node (U is N x C matrix) + max = -Infinity; + index = -1; // Determine which cluster the node is most likely to belong in + + for (var _c2 = 0; _c2 < U[0].length; _c2++) { + if (U[n][_c2] > max) { + max = U[n][_c2]; + index = _c2; + } + } + + clusters[index].push(nodes[n]); + } // Turn every array into a collection of nodes + + + for (var _c3 = 0; _c3 < clusters.length; _c3++) { + clusters[_c3] = cy.collection(clusters[_c3]); + } + + return clusters; +}; + +var fuzzyCMeans = function fuzzyCMeans(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var opts = setOptions$2(options); // Begin fuzzy c-means algorithm + + var clusters; + var centroids; + var U; + + var _U; + + var weight; // Step 1: Initialize letiables. + + _U = new Array(nodes.length); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + // N x C matrix + _U[i] = new Array(opts.k); + } + + U = new Array(nodes.length); + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < nodes.length; _i3++) { + // N x C matrix + U[_i3] = new Array(opts.k); + } + + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < nodes.length; _i4++) { + var total = 0; + + for (var j = 0; j < opts.k; j++) { + U[_i4][j] = Math.random(); + total += U[_i4][j]; + } + + for (var _j = 0; _j < opts.k; _j++) { + U[_i4][_j] = U[_i4][_j] / total; + } + } + + centroids = new Array(opts.k); + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < opts.k; _i5++) { + centroids[_i5] = new Array(opts.attributes.length); + } + + weight = new Array(nodes.length); + + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < nodes.length; _i6++) { + // N x C matrix + weight[_i6] = new Array(opts.k); + } // end init FCM + + + var isStillMoving = true; + var iterations = 0; + + while (isStillMoving && iterations < opts.maxIterations) { + isStillMoving = false; // Step 2: Calculate the centroids for each step. + + updateCentroids(centroids, nodes, U, weight, opts); // Step 3: Update the partition matrix U. + + updateMembership(U, _U, centroids, nodes, opts); // Step 4: Check for convergence. + + if (!haveMatricesConverged(U, _U, opts.sensitivityThreshold)) { + isStillMoving = true; + } + + iterations++; + } // Assign nodes to clusters with highest probability. + + + clusters = assign$1(nodes, U, opts, cy); + return { + clusters: clusters, + degreeOfMembership: U + }; +}; + +var kClustering = { + kMeans: kMeans, + kMedoids: kMedoids, + fuzzyCMeans: fuzzyCMeans, + fcm: fuzzyCMeans +}; + +// Implemented by Zoe Xi @zoexi for GSOC 2016 +var defaults$a = defaults$g({ + distance: 'euclidean', + // distance metric to compare nodes + linkage: 'min', + // linkage criterion : how to determine the distance between clusters of nodes + mode: 'threshold', + // mode:'threshold' => clusters must be threshold distance apart + threshold: Infinity, + // the distance threshold + // mode:'dendrogram' => the nodes are organised as leaves in a tree (siblings are close), merging makes clusters + addDendrogram: false, + // whether to add the dendrogram to the graph for viz + dendrogramDepth: 0, + // depth at which dendrogram branches are merged into the returned clusters + attributes: [] // array of attr functions + +}); +var linkageAliases = { + 'single': 'min', + 'complete': 'max' +}; + +var setOptions$1 = function setOptions(options) { + var opts = defaults$a(options); + var preferredAlias = linkageAliases[opts.linkage]; + + if (preferredAlias != null) { + opts.linkage = preferredAlias; + } + + return opts; +}; + +var mergeClosest = function mergeClosest(clusters, index, dists, mins, opts) { + // Find two closest clusters from cached mins + var minKey = 0; + var min = Infinity; + var dist; + var attrs = opts.attributes; + + var getDist = function getDist(n1, n2) { + return clusteringDistance(opts.distance, attrs.length, function (i) { + return attrs[i](n1); + }, function (i) { + return attrs[i](n2); + }, n1, n2); + }; + + for (var i = 0; i < clusters.length; i++) { + var key = clusters[i].key; + var _dist = dists[key][mins[key]]; + + if (_dist < min) { + minKey = key; + min = _dist; + } + } + + if (opts.mode === 'threshold' && min >= opts.threshold || opts.mode === 'dendrogram' && clusters.length === 1) { + return false; + } + + var c1 = index[minKey]; + var c2 = index[mins[minKey]]; + var merged; // Merge two closest clusters + + if (opts.mode === 'dendrogram') { + merged = { + left: c1, + right: c2, + key: c1.key + }; + } else { + merged = { + value: c1.value.concat(c2.value), + key: c1.key + }; + } + + clusters[c1.index] = merged; + clusters.splice(c2.index, 1); + index[c1.key] = merged; // Update distances with new merged cluster + + for (var _i = 0; _i < clusters.length; _i++) { + var cur = clusters[_i]; + + if (c1.key === cur.key) { + dist = Infinity; + } else if (opts.linkage === 'min') { + dist = dists[c1.key][cur.key]; + + if (dists[c1.key][cur.key] > dists[c2.key][cur.key]) { + dist = dists[c2.key][cur.key]; + } + } else if (opts.linkage === 'max') { + dist = dists[c1.key][cur.key]; + + if (dists[c1.key][cur.key] < dists[c2.key][cur.key]) { + dist = dists[c2.key][cur.key]; + } + } else if (opts.linkage === 'mean') { + dist = (dists[c1.key][cur.key] * c1.size + dists[c2.key][cur.key] * c2.size) / (c1.size + c2.size); + } else { + if (opts.mode === 'dendrogram') dist = getDist(cur.value, c1.value);else dist = getDist(cur.value[0], c1.value[0]); + } + + dists[c1.key][cur.key] = dists[cur.key][c1.key] = dist; // distance matrix is symmetric + } // Update cached mins + + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < clusters.length; _i2++) { + var key1 = clusters[_i2].key; + + if (mins[key1] === c1.key || mins[key1] === c2.key) { + var _min = key1; + + for (var j = 0; j < clusters.length; j++) { + var key2 = clusters[j].key; + + if (dists[key1][key2] < dists[key1][_min]) { + _min = key2; + } + } + + mins[key1] = _min; + } + + clusters[_i2].index = _i2; + } // Clean up meta data used for clustering + + + c1.key = c2.key = c1.index = c2.index = null; + return true; +}; + +var getAllChildren = function getAllChildren(root, arr, cy) { + if (!root) return; + + if (root.value) { + arr.push(root.value); + } else { + if (root.left) getAllChildren(root.left, arr); + if (root.right) getAllChildren(root.right, arr); + } +}; + +var buildDendrogram = function buildDendrogram(root, cy) { + if (!root) return ''; + + if (root.left && root.right) { + var leftStr = buildDendrogram(root.left, cy); + var rightStr = buildDendrogram(root.right, cy); + var node = cy.add({ + group: 'nodes', + data: { + id: leftStr + ',' + rightStr + } + }); + cy.add({ + group: 'edges', + data: { + source: leftStr, + target: node.id() + } + }); + cy.add({ + group: 'edges', + data: { + source: rightStr, + target: node.id() + } + }); + return node.id(); + } else if (root.value) { + return root.value.id(); + } +}; + +var buildClustersFromTree = function buildClustersFromTree(root, k, cy) { + if (!root) return []; + var left = [], + right = [], + leaves = []; + + if (k === 0) { + // don't cut tree, simply return all nodes as 1 single cluster + if (root.left) getAllChildren(root.left, left); + if (root.right) getAllChildren(root.right, right); + leaves = left.concat(right); + return [cy.collection(leaves)]; + } else if (k === 1) { + // cut at root + if (root.value) { + // leaf node + return [cy.collection(root.value)]; + } else { + if (root.left) getAllChildren(root.left, left); + if (root.right) getAllChildren(root.right, right); + return [cy.collection(left), cy.collection(right)]; + } + } else { + if (root.value) { + return [cy.collection(root.value)]; + } else { + if (root.left) left = buildClustersFromTree(root.left, k - 1, cy); + if (root.right) right = buildClustersFromTree(root.right, k - 1, cy); + return left.concat(right); + } + } +}; +/* eslint-enable */ + + +var hierarchicalClustering = function hierarchicalClustering(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + var nodes = this.nodes(); // Set parameters of algorithm: linkage type, distance metric, etc. + + var opts = setOptions$1(options); + var attrs = opts.attributes; + + var getDist = function getDist(n1, n2) { + return clusteringDistance(opts.distance, attrs.length, function (i) { + return attrs[i](n1); + }, function (i) { + return attrs[i](n2); + }, n1, n2); + }; // Begin hierarchical algorithm + + + var clusters = []; + var dists = []; // distances between each pair of clusters + + var mins = []; // closest cluster for each cluster + + var index = []; // hash of all clusters by key + // In agglomerative (bottom-up) clustering, each node starts as its own cluster + + for (var n = 0; n < nodes.length; n++) { + var cluster = { + value: opts.mode === 'dendrogram' ? nodes[n] : [nodes[n]], + key: n, + index: n + }; + clusters[n] = cluster; + index[n] = cluster; + dists[n] = []; + mins[n] = 0; + } // Calculate the distance between each pair of clusters + + + for (var i = 0; i < clusters.length; i++) { + for (var j = 0; j <= i; j++) { + var dist = void 0; + + if (opts.mode === 'dendrogram') { + // modes store cluster values differently + dist = i === j ? Infinity : getDist(clusters[i].value, clusters[j].value); + } else { + dist = i === j ? Infinity : getDist(clusters[i].value[0], clusters[j].value[0]); + } + + dists[i][j] = dist; + dists[j][i] = dist; + + if (dist < dists[i][mins[i]]) { + mins[i] = j; // Cache mins: closest cluster to cluster i is cluster j + } + } + } // Find the closest pair of clusters and merge them into a single cluster. + // Update distances between new cluster and each of the old clusters, and loop until threshold reached. + + + var merged = mergeClosest(clusters, index, dists, mins, opts); + + while (merged) { + merged = mergeClosest(clusters, index, dists, mins, opts); + } + + var retClusters; // Dendrogram mode builds the hierarchy and adds intermediary nodes + edges + // in addition to returning the clusters. + + if (opts.mode === 'dendrogram') { + retClusters = buildClustersFromTree(clusters[0], opts.dendrogramDepth, cy); + if (opts.addDendrogram) buildDendrogram(clusters[0], cy); + } else { + // Regular mode simply returns the clusters + retClusters = new Array(clusters.length); + clusters.forEach(function (cluster, i) { + // Clean up meta data used for clustering + cluster.key = cluster.index = null; + retClusters[i] = cy.collection(cluster.value); + }); + } + + return retClusters; +}; + +var hierarchicalClustering$1 = { + hierarchicalClustering: hierarchicalClustering, + hca: hierarchicalClustering +}; + +// Implemented by Zoe Xi @zoexi for GSOC 2016 +var defaults$9 = defaults$g({ + distance: 'euclidean', + // distance metric to compare attributes between two nodes + preference: 'median', + // suitability of a data point to serve as an exemplar + damping: 0.8, + // damping factor between [0.5, 1) + maxIterations: 1000, + // max number of iterations to run + minIterations: 100, + // min number of iterations to run in order for clustering to stop + attributes: [// functions to quantify the similarity between any two points + // e.g. node => node.data('weight') + ] +}); + +var setOptions = function setOptions(options) { + var dmp = options.damping; + var pref = options.preference; + + if (!(0.5 <= dmp && dmp < 1)) { + error("Damping must range on [0.5, 1). Got: ".concat(dmp)); + } + + var validPrefs = ['median', 'mean', 'min', 'max']; + + if (!(validPrefs.some(function (v) { + return v === pref; + }) || number$1(pref))) { + error("Preference must be one of [".concat(validPrefs.map(function (p) { + return "'".concat(p, "'"); + }).join(', '), "] or a number. Got: ").concat(pref)); + } + + return defaults$9(options); +}; +/* eslint-enable */ + + +var getSimilarity = function getSimilarity(type, n1, n2, attributes) { + var attr = function attr(n, i) { + return attributes[i](n); + }; // nb negative because similarity should have an inverse relationship to distance + + + return -clusteringDistance(type, attributes.length, function (i) { + return attr(n1, i); + }, function (i) { + return attr(n2, i); + }, n1, n2); +}; + +var getPreference = function getPreference(S, preference) { + // larger preference = greater # of clusters + var p = null; + + if (preference === 'median') { + p = median(S); + } else if (preference === 'mean') { + p = mean(S); + } else if (preference === 'min') { + p = min(S); + } else if (preference === 'max') { + p = max(S); + } else { + // Custom preference number, as set by user + p = preference; + } + + return p; +}; + +var findExemplars = function findExemplars(n, R, A) { + var indices = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { + if (R[i * n + i] + A[i * n + i] > 0) { + indices.push(i); + } + } + + return indices; +}; + +var assignClusters = function assignClusters(n, S, exemplars) { + var clusters = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { + var index = -1; + var max = -Infinity; + + for (var ei = 0; ei < exemplars.length; ei++) { + var e = exemplars[ei]; + + if (S[i * n + e] > max) { + index = e; + max = S[i * n + e]; + } + } + + if (index > 0) { + clusters.push(index); + } + } + + for (var _ei = 0; _ei < exemplars.length; _ei++) { + clusters[exemplars[_ei]] = exemplars[_ei]; + } + + return clusters; +}; + +var assign = function assign(n, S, exemplars) { + var clusters = assignClusters(n, S, exemplars); + + for (var ei = 0; ei < exemplars.length; ei++) { + var ii = []; + + for (var c = 0; c < clusters.length; c++) { + if (clusters[c] === exemplars[ei]) { + ii.push(c); + } + } + + var maxI = -1; + var maxSum = -Infinity; + + for (var i = 0; i < ii.length; i++) { + var sum = 0; + + for (var j = 0; j < ii.length; j++) { + sum += S[ii[j] * n + ii[i]]; + } + + if (sum > maxSum) { + maxI = i; + maxSum = sum; + } + } + + exemplars[ei] = ii[maxI]; + } + + clusters = assignClusters(n, S, exemplars); + return clusters; +}; + +var affinityPropagation = function affinityPropagation(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var opts = setOptions(options); // Map each node to its position in node array + + var id2position = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + id2position[nodes[i].id()] = i; + } // Begin affinity propagation algorithm + + + var n; // number of data points + + var n2; // size of matrices + + var S; // similarity matrix (1D array) + + var p; // preference/suitability of a data point to serve as an exemplar + + var R; // responsibility matrix (1D array) + + var A; // availability matrix (1D array) + + n = nodes.length; + n2 = n * n; // Initialize and build S similarity matrix + + S = new Array(n2); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < n2; _i++) { + S[_i] = -Infinity; // for cases where two data points shouldn't be linked together + } + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < n; _i2++) { + for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) { + if (_i2 !== j) { + S[_i2 * n + j] = getSimilarity(opts.distance, nodes[_i2], nodes[j], opts.attributes); + } + } + } // Place preferences on the diagonal of S + + + p = getPreference(S, opts.preference); + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < n; _i3++) { + S[_i3 * n + _i3] = p; + } // Initialize R responsibility matrix + + + R = new Array(n2); + + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < n2; _i4++) { + R[_i4] = 0.0; + } // Initialize A availability matrix + + + A = new Array(n2); + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < n2; _i5++) { + A[_i5] = 0.0; + } + + var old = new Array(n); + var Rp = new Array(n); + var se = new Array(n); + + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < n; _i6++) { + old[_i6] = 0.0; + Rp[_i6] = 0.0; + se[_i6] = 0; + } + + var e = new Array(n * opts.minIterations); + + for (var _i7 = 0; _i7 < e.length; _i7++) { + e[_i7] = 0; + } + + var iter; + + for (iter = 0; iter < opts.maxIterations; iter++) { + // main algorithmic loop + // Update R responsibility matrix + for (var _i8 = 0; _i8 < n; _i8++) { + var max = -Infinity, + max2 = -Infinity, + maxI = -1, + AS = 0.0; + + for (var _j = 0; _j < n; _j++) { + old[_j] = R[_i8 * n + _j]; + AS = A[_i8 * n + _j] + S[_i8 * n + _j]; + + if (AS >= max) { + max2 = max; + max = AS; + maxI = _j; + } else if (AS > max2) { + max2 = AS; + } + } + + for (var _j2 = 0; _j2 < n; _j2++) { + R[_i8 * n + _j2] = (1 - opts.damping) * (S[_i8 * n + _j2] - max) + opts.damping * old[_j2]; + } + + R[_i8 * n + maxI] = (1 - opts.damping) * (S[_i8 * n + maxI] - max2) + opts.damping * old[maxI]; + } // Update A availability matrix + + + for (var _i9 = 0; _i9 < n; _i9++) { + var sum = 0; + + for (var _j3 = 0; _j3 < n; _j3++) { + old[_j3] = A[_j3 * n + _i9]; + Rp[_j3] = Math.max(0, R[_j3 * n + _i9]); + sum += Rp[_j3]; + } + + sum -= Rp[_i9]; + Rp[_i9] = R[_i9 * n + _i9]; + sum += Rp[_i9]; + + for (var _j4 = 0; _j4 < n; _j4++) { + A[_j4 * n + _i9] = (1 - opts.damping) * Math.min(0, sum - Rp[_j4]) + opts.damping * old[_j4]; + } + + A[_i9 * n + _i9] = (1 - opts.damping) * (sum - Rp[_i9]) + opts.damping * old[_i9]; + } // Check for convergence + + + var K = 0; + + for (var _i10 = 0; _i10 < n; _i10++) { + var E = A[_i10 * n + _i10] + R[_i10 * n + _i10] > 0 ? 1 : 0; + e[iter % opts.minIterations * n + _i10] = E; + K += E; + } + + if (K > 0 && (iter >= opts.minIterations - 1 || iter == opts.maxIterations - 1)) { + var _sum = 0; + + for (var _i11 = 0; _i11 < n; _i11++) { + se[_i11] = 0; + + for (var _j5 = 0; _j5 < opts.minIterations; _j5++) { + se[_i11] += e[_j5 * n + _i11]; + } + + if (se[_i11] === 0 || se[_i11] === opts.minIterations) { + _sum++; + } + } + + if (_sum === n) { + // then we have convergence + break; + } + } + } // Identify exemplars (cluster centers) + + + var exemplarsIndices = findExemplars(n, R, A); // Assign nodes to clusters + + var clusterIndices = assign(n, S, exemplarsIndices); + var clusters = {}; + + for (var c = 0; c < exemplarsIndices.length; c++) { + clusters[exemplarsIndices[c]] = []; + } + + for (var _i12 = 0; _i12 < nodes.length; _i12++) { + var pos = id2position[nodes[_i12].id()]; + + var clusterIndex = clusterIndices[pos]; + + if (clusterIndex != null) { + // the node may have not been assigned a cluster if no valid attributes were specified + clusters[clusterIndex].push(nodes[_i12]); + } + } + + var retClusters = new Array(exemplarsIndices.length); + + for (var _c = 0; _c < exemplarsIndices.length; _c++) { + retClusters[_c] = cy.collection(clusters[exemplarsIndices[_c]]); + } + + return retClusters; +}; + +var affinityPropagation$1 = { + affinityPropagation: affinityPropagation, + ap: affinityPropagation +}; + +var hierholzerDefaults = defaults$g({ + root: undefined, + directed: false +}); +var elesfn$k = { + hierholzer: function hierholzer(options) { + if (!plainObject(options)) { + var args = arguments; + options = { + root: args[0], + directed: args[1] + }; + } + + var _hierholzerDefaults = hierholzerDefaults(options), + root = _hierholzerDefaults.root, + directed = _hierholzerDefaults.directed; + + var eles = this; + var dflag = false; + var oddIn; + var oddOut; + var startVertex; + if (root) startVertex = string(root) ? this.filter(root)[0].id() : root[0].id(); + var nodes = {}; + var edges = {}; + + if (directed) { + eles.forEach(function (ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + + if (ele.isNode()) { + var ind = ele.indegree(true); + var outd = ele.outdegree(true); + var d1 = ind - outd; + var d2 = outd - ind; + + if (d1 == 1) { + if (oddIn) dflag = true;else oddIn = id; + } else if (d2 == 1) { + if (oddOut) dflag = true;else oddOut = id; + } else if (d2 > 1 || d1 > 1) { + dflag = true; + } + + nodes[id] = []; + ele.outgoers().forEach(function (e) { + if (e.isEdge()) nodes[id].push(e.id()); + }); + } else { + edges[id] = [undefined, ele.target().id()]; + } + }); + } else { + eles.forEach(function (ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + + if (ele.isNode()) { + var d = ele.degree(true); + + if (d % 2) { + if (!oddIn) oddIn = id;else if (!oddOut) oddOut = id;else dflag = true; + } + + nodes[id] = []; + ele.connectedEdges().forEach(function (e) { + return nodes[id].push(e.id()); + }); + } else { + edges[id] = [ele.source().id(), ele.target().id()]; + } + }); + } + + var result = { + found: false, + trail: undefined + }; + if (dflag) return result;else if (oddOut && oddIn) { + if (directed) { + if (startVertex && oddOut != startVertex) { + return result; + } + + startVertex = oddOut; + } else { + if (startVertex && oddOut != startVertex && oddIn != startVertex) { + return result; + } else if (!startVertex) { + startVertex = oddOut; + } + } + } else { + if (!startVertex) startVertex = eles[0].id(); + } + + var walk = function walk(v) { + var currentNode = v; + var subtour = [v]; + var adj, adjTail, adjHead; + + while (nodes[currentNode].length) { + adj = nodes[currentNode].shift(); + adjTail = edges[adj][0]; + adjHead = edges[adj][1]; + + if (currentNode != adjHead) { + nodes[adjHead] = nodes[adjHead].filter(function (e) { + return e != adj; + }); + currentNode = adjHead; + } else if (!directed && currentNode != adjTail) { + nodes[adjTail] = nodes[adjTail].filter(function (e) { + return e != adj; + }); + currentNode = adjTail; + } + + subtour.unshift(adj); + subtour.unshift(currentNode); + } + + return subtour; + }; + + var trail = []; + var subtour = []; + subtour = walk(startVertex); + + while (subtour.length != 1) { + if (nodes[subtour[0]].length == 0) { + trail.unshift(eles.getElementById(subtour.shift())); + trail.unshift(eles.getElementById(subtour.shift())); + } else { + subtour = walk(subtour.shift()).concat(subtour); + } + } + + trail.unshift(eles.getElementById(subtour.shift())); // final node + + for (var d in nodes) { + if (nodes[d].length) { + return result; + } + } + + result.found = true; + result.trail = this.spawn(trail, true); + return result; + } +}; + +var hopcroftTarjanBiconnected = function hopcroftTarjanBiconnected() { + var eles = this; + var nodes = {}; + var id = 0; + var edgeCount = 0; + var components = []; + var stack = []; + var visitedEdges = {}; + + var buildComponent = function buildComponent(x, y) { + var i = stack.length - 1; + var cutset = []; + var component = eles.spawn(); + + while (stack[i].x != x || stack[i].y != y) { + cutset.push(stack.pop().edge); + i--; + } + + cutset.push(stack.pop().edge); + cutset.forEach(function (edge) { + var connectedNodes = edge.connectedNodes().intersection(eles); + component.merge(edge); + connectedNodes.forEach(function (node) { + var nodeId = node.id(); + var connectedEdges = node.connectedEdges().intersection(eles); + component.merge(node); + + if (!nodes[nodeId].cutVertex) { + component.merge(connectedEdges); + } else { + component.merge(connectedEdges.filter(function (edge) { + return edge.isLoop(); + })); + } + }); + }); + components.push(component); + }; + + var biconnectedSearch = function biconnectedSearch(root, currentNode, parent) { + if (root === parent) edgeCount += 1; + nodes[currentNode] = { + id: id, + low: id++, + cutVertex: false + }; + var edges = eles.getElementById(currentNode).connectedEdges().intersection(eles); + + if (edges.size() === 0) { + components.push(eles.spawn(eles.getElementById(currentNode))); + } else { + var sourceId, targetId, otherNodeId, edgeId; + edges.forEach(function (edge) { + sourceId = edge.source().id(); + targetId = edge.target().id(); + otherNodeId = sourceId === currentNode ? targetId : sourceId; + + if (otherNodeId !== parent) { + edgeId = edge.id(); + + if (!visitedEdges[edgeId]) { + visitedEdges[edgeId] = true; + stack.push({ + x: currentNode, + y: otherNodeId, + edge: edge + }); + } + + if (!(otherNodeId in nodes)) { + biconnectedSearch(root, otherNodeId, currentNode); + nodes[currentNode].low = Math.min(nodes[currentNode].low, nodes[otherNodeId].low); + + if (nodes[currentNode].id <= nodes[otherNodeId].low) { + nodes[currentNode].cutVertex = true; + buildComponent(currentNode, otherNodeId); + } + } else { + nodes[currentNode].low = Math.min(nodes[currentNode].low, nodes[otherNodeId].id); + } + } + }); + } + }; + + eles.forEach(function (ele) { + if (ele.isNode()) { + var nodeId = ele.id(); + + if (!(nodeId in nodes)) { + edgeCount = 0; + biconnectedSearch(nodeId, nodeId); + nodes[nodeId].cutVertex = edgeCount > 1; + } + } + }); + var cutVertices = Object.keys(nodes).filter(function (id) { + return nodes[id].cutVertex; + }).map(function (id) { + return eles.getElementById(id); + }); + return { + cut: eles.spawn(cutVertices), + components: components + }; +}; + +var hopcroftTarjanBiconnected$1 = { + hopcroftTarjanBiconnected: hopcroftTarjanBiconnected, + htbc: hopcroftTarjanBiconnected, + htb: hopcroftTarjanBiconnected, + hopcroftTarjanBiconnectedComponents: hopcroftTarjanBiconnected +}; + +var tarjanStronglyConnected = function tarjanStronglyConnected() { + var eles = this; + var nodes = {}; + var index = 0; + var components = []; + var stack = []; + var cut = eles.spawn(eles); + + var stronglyConnectedSearch = function stronglyConnectedSearch(sourceNodeId) { + stack.push(sourceNodeId); + nodes[sourceNodeId] = { + index: index, + low: index++, + explored: false + }; + var connectedEdges = eles.getElementById(sourceNodeId).connectedEdges().intersection(eles); + connectedEdges.forEach(function (edge) { + var targetNodeId = edge.target().id(); + + if (targetNodeId !== sourceNodeId) { + if (!(targetNodeId in nodes)) { + stronglyConnectedSearch(targetNodeId); + } + + if (!nodes[targetNodeId].explored) { + nodes[sourceNodeId].low = Math.min(nodes[sourceNodeId].low, nodes[targetNodeId].low); + } + } + }); + + if (nodes[sourceNodeId].index === nodes[sourceNodeId].low) { + var componentNodes = eles.spawn(); + + for (;;) { + var nodeId = stack.pop(); + componentNodes.merge(eles.getElementById(nodeId)); + nodes[nodeId].low = nodes[sourceNodeId].index; + nodes[nodeId].explored = true; + + if (nodeId === sourceNodeId) { + break; + } + } + + var componentEdges = componentNodes.edgesWith(componentNodes); + var component = componentNodes.merge(componentEdges); + components.push(component); + cut = cut.difference(component); + } + }; + + eles.forEach(function (ele) { + if (ele.isNode()) { + var nodeId = ele.id(); + + if (!(nodeId in nodes)) { + stronglyConnectedSearch(nodeId); + } + } + }); + return { + cut: cut, + components: components + }; +}; + +var tarjanStronglyConnected$1 = { + tarjanStronglyConnected: tarjanStronglyConnected, + tsc: tarjanStronglyConnected, + tscc: tarjanStronglyConnected, + tarjanStronglyConnectedComponents: tarjanStronglyConnected +}; + +var elesfn$j = {}; +[elesfn$v, elesfn$u, elesfn$t, elesfn$s, elesfn$r, elesfn$q, elesfn$p, elesfn$o, elesfn$n, elesfn$m, elesfn$l, markovClustering$1, kClustering, hierarchicalClustering$1, affinityPropagation$1, elesfn$k, hopcroftTarjanBiconnected$1, tarjanStronglyConnected$1].forEach(function (props) { + extend(elesfn$j, props); +}); + +/*! +Embeddable Minimum Strictly-Compliant Promises/A+ 1.1.1 Thenable +Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Ralf S. Engelschall (http://engelschall.com) +Licensed under The MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) +*/ + +/* promise states [Promises/A+ 2.1] */ +var STATE_PENDING = 0; +/* [Promises/A+ 2.1.1] */ + +var STATE_FULFILLED = 1; +/* [Promises/A+ 2.1.2] */ + +var STATE_REJECTED = 2; +/* [Promises/A+ 2.1.3] */ + +/* promise object constructor */ + +var api = function api(executor) { + /* optionally support non-constructor/plain-function call */ + if (!(this instanceof api)) return new api(executor); + /* initialize object */ + + this.id = 'Thenable/1.0.7'; + this.state = STATE_PENDING; + /* initial state */ + + this.fulfillValue = undefined; + /* initial value */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 1.3, 2.1.2.2] */ + + this.rejectReason = undefined; + /* initial reason */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 1.5, 2.1.3.2] */ + + this.onFulfilled = []; + /* initial handlers */ + + this.onRejected = []; + /* initial handlers */ + + /* provide optional information-hiding proxy */ + + this.proxy = { + then: this.then.bind(this) + }; + /* support optional executor function */ + + if (typeof executor === 'function') executor.call(this, this.fulfill.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this)); +}; +/* promise API methods */ + + +api.prototype = { + /* promise resolving methods */ + fulfill: function fulfill(value) { + return deliver(this, STATE_FULFILLED, 'fulfillValue', value); + }, + reject: function reject(value) { + return deliver(this, STATE_REJECTED, 'rejectReason', value); + }, + + /* "The then Method" [Promises/A+ 1.1, 1.2, 2.2] */ + then: function then(onFulfilled, onRejected) { + var curr = this; + var next = new api(); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.7] */ + + curr.onFulfilled.push(resolver(onFulfilled, next, 'fulfill')); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.2/2.2.6] */ + + curr.onRejected.push(resolver(onRejected, next, 'reject')); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.3/2.2.6] */ + + execute(curr); + return next.proxy; + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.7, 3.3] */ + } +}; +/* deliver an action */ + +var deliver = function deliver(curr, state, name, value) { + if (curr.state === STATE_PENDING) { + curr.state = state; + /* [Promises/A+ 2.1.2.1, 2.1.3.1] */ + + curr[name] = value; + /* [Promises/A+ 2.1.2.2, 2.1.3.2] */ + + execute(curr); + } + + return curr; +}; +/* execute all handlers */ + + +var execute = function execute(curr) { + if (curr.state === STATE_FULFILLED) execute_handlers(curr, 'onFulfilled', curr.fulfillValue);else if (curr.state === STATE_REJECTED) execute_handlers(curr, 'onRejected', curr.rejectReason); +}; +/* execute particular set of handlers */ + + +var execute_handlers = function execute_handlers(curr, name, value) { + /* global setImmediate: true */ + + /* global setTimeout: true */ + + /* short-circuit processing */ + if (curr[name].length === 0) return; + /* iterate over all handlers, exactly once */ + + var handlers = curr[name]; + curr[name] = []; + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.2.3, 2.2.3.3] */ + + var func = function func() { + for (var i = 0; i < handlers.length; i++) { + handlers[i](value); + } + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.5] */ + + }; + /* execute procedure asynchronously */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.4, 3.1] */ + + + if (typeof setImmediate === 'function') setImmediate(func);else setTimeout(func, 0); +}; +/* generate a resolver function */ + + +var resolver = function resolver(cb, next, method) { + return function (value) { + if (typeof cb !== 'function') + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.1, 2.2.7.3, 2.2.7.4] */ + next[method].call(next, value); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.7.3, 2.2.7.4] */ + else { + var result; + + try { + result = cb(value); + } + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.2.1, 2.2.3.1, 2.2.5, 3.2] */ + catch (e) { + next.reject(e); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.7.2] */ + + return; + } + + resolve(next, result); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.2.7.1] */ + } + }; +}; +/* "Promise Resolution Procedure" */ + +/* [Promises/A+ 2.3] */ + + +var resolve = function resolve(promise, x) { + /* sanity check arguments */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.1] */ + if (promise === x || promise.proxy === x) { + promise.reject(new TypeError('cannot resolve promise with itself')); + return; + } + /* surgically check for a "then" method + (mainly to just call the "getter" of "then" only once) */ + + + var then; + + if (_typeof(x) === 'object' && x !== null || typeof x === 'function') { + try { + then = x.then; + } + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.1, 3.5] */ + catch (e) { + promise.reject(e); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.2] */ + + return; + } + } + /* handle own Thenables [Promises/A+ 2.3.2] + and similar "thenables" [Promises/A+ 2.3.3] */ + + + if (typeof then === 'function') { + var resolved = false; + + try { + /* call retrieved "then" method */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3] */ + then.call(x, + /* resolvePromise */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3.1] */ + function (y) { + if (resolved) return; + resolved = true; + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3.3] */ + + if (y === x) + /* [Promises/A+ 3.6] */ + promise.reject(new TypeError('circular thenable chain'));else resolve(promise, y); + }, + /* rejectPromise */ + + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3.2] */ + function (r) { + if (resolved) return; + resolved = true; + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3.3] */ + + promise.reject(r); + }); + } catch (e) { + if (!resolved) + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3.3] */ + promise.reject(e); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.3.3.4] */ + } + + return; + } + /* handle other values */ + + + promise.fulfill(x); + /* [Promises/A+ 2.3.4, 2.3.3.4] */ +}; // so we always have Promise.all() + + +api.all = function (ps) { + return new api(function (resolveAll, rejectAll) { + var vals = new Array(ps.length); + var doneCount = 0; + + var fulfill = function fulfill(i, val) { + vals[i] = val; + doneCount++; + + if (doneCount === ps.length) { + resolveAll(vals); + } + }; + + for (var i = 0; i < ps.length; i++) { + (function (i) { + var p = ps[i]; + var isPromise = p != null && p.then != null; + + if (isPromise) { + p.then(function (val) { + fulfill(i, val); + }, function (err) { + rejectAll(err); + }); + } else { + var val = p; + fulfill(i, val); + } + })(i); + } + }); +}; + +api.resolve = function (val) { + return new api(function (resolve, reject) { + resolve(val); + }); +}; + +api.reject = function (val) { + return new api(function (resolve, reject) { + reject(val); + }); +}; + +var Promise$1 = typeof Promise !== 'undefined' ? Promise : api; // eslint-disable-line no-undef + +var Animation = function Animation(target, opts, opts2) { + var isCore = core(target); + var isEle = !isCore; + + var _p = this._private = extend({ + duration: 1000 + }, opts, opts2); + + _p.target = target; + _p.style = _p.style || _p.css; + _p.started = false; + _p.playing = false; + _p.hooked = false; + _p.applying = false; + _p.progress = 0; + _p.completes = []; + _p.frames = []; + + if (_p.complete && fn$6(_p.complete)) { + _p.completes.push(_p.complete); + } + + if (isEle) { + var pos = target.position(); + _p.startPosition = _p.startPosition || { + x: pos.x, + y: pos.y + }; + _p.startStyle = _p.startStyle || target.cy().style().getAnimationStartStyle(target, _p.style); + } + + if (isCore) { + var pan = target.pan(); + _p.startPan = { + x: pan.x, + y: pan.y + }; + _p.startZoom = target.zoom(); + } // for future timeline/animations impl + + + this.length = 1; + this[0] = this; +}; + +var anifn = Animation.prototype; +extend(anifn, { + instanceString: function instanceString() { + return 'animation'; + }, + hook: function hook() { + var _p = this._private; + + if (!_p.hooked) { + // add to target's animation queue + var q; + var tAni = _p.target._private.animation; + + if (_p.queue) { + q = tAni.queue; + } else { + q = tAni.current; + } + + q.push(this); // add to the animation loop pool + + if (elementOrCollection(_p.target)) { + _p.target.cy().addToAnimationPool(_p.target); + } + + _p.hooked = true; + } + + return this; + }, + play: function play() { + var _p = this._private; // autorewind + + if (_p.progress === 1) { + _p.progress = 0; + } + + _p.playing = true; + _p.started = false; // needs to be started by animation loop + + _p.stopped = false; + this.hook(); // the animation loop will start the animation... + + return this; + }, + playing: function playing() { + return this._private.playing; + }, + apply: function apply() { + var _p = this._private; + _p.applying = true; + _p.started = false; // needs to be started by animation loop + + _p.stopped = false; + this.hook(); // the animation loop will apply the animation at this progress + + return this; + }, + applying: function applying() { + return this._private.applying; + }, + pause: function pause() { + var _p = this._private; + _p.playing = false; + _p.started = false; + return this; + }, + stop: function stop() { + var _p = this._private; + _p.playing = false; + _p.started = false; + _p.stopped = true; // to be removed from animation queues + + return this; + }, + rewind: function rewind() { + return this.progress(0); + }, + fastforward: function fastforward() { + return this.progress(1); + }, + time: function time(t) { + var _p = this._private; + + if (t === undefined) { + return _p.progress * _p.duration; + } else { + return this.progress(t / _p.duration); + } + }, + progress: function progress(p) { + var _p = this._private; + var wasPlaying = _p.playing; + + if (p === undefined) { + return _p.progress; + } else { + if (wasPlaying) { + this.pause(); + } + + _p.progress = p; + _p.started = false; + + if (wasPlaying) { + this.play(); + } + } + + return this; + }, + completed: function completed() { + return this._private.progress === 1; + }, + reverse: function reverse() { + var _p = this._private; + var wasPlaying = _p.playing; + + if (wasPlaying) { + this.pause(); + } + + _p.progress = 1 - _p.progress; + _p.started = false; + + var swap = function swap(a, b) { + var _pa = _p[a]; + + if (_pa == null) { + return; + } + + _p[a] = _p[b]; + _p[b] = _pa; + }; + + swap('zoom', 'startZoom'); + swap('pan', 'startPan'); + swap('position', 'startPosition'); // swap styles + + if (_p.style) { + for (var i = 0; i < _p.style.length; i++) { + var prop = _p.style[i]; + var name = prop.name; + var startStyleProp = _p.startStyle[name]; + _p.startStyle[name] = prop; + _p.style[i] = startStyleProp; + } + } + + if (wasPlaying) { + this.play(); + } + + return this; + }, + promise: function promise(type) { + var _p = this._private; + var arr; + + switch (type) { + case 'frame': + arr = _p.frames; + break; + + default: + case 'complete': + case 'completed': + arr = _p.completes; + } + + return new Promise$1(function (resolve, reject) { + arr.push(function () { + resolve(); + }); + }); + } +}); +anifn.complete = anifn.completed; +anifn.run = anifn.play; +anifn.running = anifn.playing; + +var define$3 = { + animated: function animated() { + return function animatedImpl() { + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return false; + } + + var ele = all[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele._private.animation.current.length > 0; + } + }; + }, + // animated + clearQueue: function clearQueue() { + return function clearQueueImpl() { + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < all.length; i++) { + var ele = all[i]; + ele._private.animation.queue = []; + } + + return this; + }; + }, + // clearQueue + delay: function delay() { + return function delayImpl(time, complete) { + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + return this.animate({ + delay: time, + duration: time, + complete: complete + }); + }; + }, + // delay + delayAnimation: function delayAnimation() { + return function delayAnimationImpl(time, complete) { + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + return this.animation({ + delay: time, + duration: time, + complete: complete + }); + }; + }, + // delay + animation: function animation() { + return function animationImpl(properties, params) { + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + var isCore = !selfIsArrayLike; + var isEles = !isCore; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + var style = cy.style(); + properties = extend({}, properties, params); + var propertiesEmpty = Object.keys(properties).length === 0; + + if (propertiesEmpty) { + return new Animation(all[0], properties); // nothing to animate + } + + if (properties.duration === undefined) { + properties.duration = 400; + } + + switch (properties.duration) { + case 'slow': + properties.duration = 600; + break; + + case 'fast': + properties.duration = 200; + break; + } + + if (isEles) { + properties.style = style.getPropsList(properties.style || properties.css); + properties.css = undefined; + } + + if (isEles && properties.renderedPosition != null) { + var rpos = properties.renderedPosition; + var pan = cy.pan(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + properties.position = renderedToModelPosition(rpos, zoom, pan); + } // override pan w/ panBy if set + + + if (isCore && properties.panBy != null) { + var panBy = properties.panBy; + var cyPan = cy.pan(); + properties.pan = { + x: cyPan.x + panBy.x, + y: cyPan.y + panBy.y + }; + } // override pan w/ center if set + + + var center = properties.center || properties.centre; + + if (isCore && center != null) { + var centerPan = cy.getCenterPan(center.eles, properties.zoom); + + if (centerPan != null) { + properties.pan = centerPan; + } + } // override pan & zoom w/ fit if set + + + if (isCore && properties.fit != null) { + var fit = properties.fit; + var fitVp = cy.getFitViewport(fit.eles || fit.boundingBox, fit.padding); + + if (fitVp != null) { + properties.pan = fitVp.pan; + properties.zoom = fitVp.zoom; + } + } // override zoom (& potentially pan) w/ zoom obj if set + + + if (isCore && plainObject(properties.zoom)) { + var vp = cy.getZoomedViewport(properties.zoom); + + if (vp != null) { + if (vp.zoomed) { + properties.zoom = vp.zoom; + } + + if (vp.panned) { + properties.pan = vp.pan; + } + } else { + properties.zoom = null; // an inavalid zoom (e.g. no delta) gets automatically destroyed + } + } + + return new Animation(all[0], properties); + }; + }, + // animate + animate: function animate() { + return function animateImpl(properties, params) { + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + if (params) { + properties = extend({}, properties, params); + } // manually hook and run the animation + + + for (var i = 0; i < all.length; i++) { + var ele = all[i]; + var queue = ele.animated() && (properties.queue === undefined || properties.queue); + var ani = ele.animation(properties, queue ? { + queue: true + } : undefined); + ani.play(); + } + + return this; // chaining + }; + }, + // animate + stop: function stop() { + return function stopImpl(clearQueue, jumpToEnd) { + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + + var cy = this._private.cy || this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < all.length; i++) { + var ele = all[i]; + var _p = ele._private; + var anis = _p.animation.current; + + for (var j = 0; j < anis.length; j++) { + var ani = anis[j]; + var ani_p = ani._private; + + if (jumpToEnd) { + // next iteration of the animation loop, the animation + // will go straight to the end and be removed + ani_p.duration = 0; + } + } // clear the queue of future animations + + + if (clearQueue) { + _p.animation.queue = []; + } + + if (!jumpToEnd) { + _p.animation.current = []; + } + } // we have to notify (the animation loop doesn't do it for us on `stop`) + + + cy.notify('draw'); + return this; + }; + } // stop + +}; // define + +var define$2 = { + // access data field + data: function data(params) { + var defaults = { + field: 'data', + bindingEvent: 'data', + allowBinding: false, + allowSetting: false, + allowGetting: false, + settingEvent: 'data', + settingTriggersEvent: false, + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + immutableKeys: {}, + // key => true if immutable + updateStyle: false, + beforeGet: function beforeGet(self) {}, + beforeSet: function beforeSet(self, obj) {}, + onSet: function onSet(self) {}, + canSet: function canSet(self) { + return true; + } + }; + params = extend({}, defaults, params); + return function dataImpl(name, value) { + var p = params; + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + + var single = selfIsArrayLike ? self[0] : self; // .data('foo', ...) + + if (string(name)) { + // set or get property + var isPathLike = name.indexOf('.') !== -1; // there might be a normal field with a dot + + var path = isPathLike && toPath__default["default"](name); // .data('foo') + + if (p.allowGetting && value === undefined) { + // get + var ret; + + if (single) { + p.beforeGet(single); // check if it's path and a field with the same name doesn't exist + + if (path && single._private[p.field][name] === undefined) { + ret = get__default["default"](single._private[p.field], path); + } else { + ret = single._private[p.field][name]; + } + } + + return ret; // .data('foo', 'bar') + } else if (p.allowSetting && value !== undefined) { + // set + var valid = !p.immutableKeys[name]; + + if (valid) { + var change = _defineProperty({}, name, value); + + p.beforeSet(self, change); + + for (var i = 0, l = all.length; i < l; i++) { + var ele = all[i]; + + if (p.canSet(ele)) { + if (path && single._private[p.field][name] === undefined) { + set__default["default"](ele._private[p.field], path, value); + } else { + ele._private[p.field][name] = value; + } + } + } // update mappers if asked + + + if (p.updateStyle) { + self.updateStyle(); + } // call onSet callback + + + p.onSet(self); + + if (p.settingTriggersEvent) { + self[p.triggerFnName](p.settingEvent); + } + } + } // .data({ 'foo': 'bar' }) + + } else if (p.allowSetting && plainObject(name)) { + // extend + var obj = name; + var k, v; + var keys = Object.keys(obj); + p.beforeSet(self, obj); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < keys.length; _i++) { + k = keys[_i]; + v = obj[k]; + + var _valid = !p.immutableKeys[k]; + + if (_valid) { + for (var j = 0; j < all.length; j++) { + var _ele = all[j]; + + if (p.canSet(_ele)) { + _ele._private[p.field][k] = v; + } + } + } + } // update mappers if asked + + + if (p.updateStyle) { + self.updateStyle(); + } // call onSet callback + + + p.onSet(self); + + if (p.settingTriggersEvent) { + self[p.triggerFnName](p.settingEvent); + } // .data(function(){ ... }) + + } else if (p.allowBinding && fn$6(name)) { + // bind to event + var fn = name; + self.on(p.bindingEvent, fn); // .data() + } else if (p.allowGetting && name === undefined) { + // get whole object + var _ret; + + if (single) { + p.beforeGet(single); + _ret = single._private[p.field]; + } + + return _ret; + } + + return self; // maintain chainability + }; // function + }, + // data + // remove data field + removeData: function removeData(params) { + var defaults = { + field: 'data', + event: 'data', + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + triggerEvent: false, + immutableKeys: {} // key => true if immutable + + }; + params = extend({}, defaults, params); + return function removeDataImpl(names) { + var p = params; + var self = this; + var selfIsArrayLike = self.length !== undefined; + var all = selfIsArrayLike ? self : [self]; // put in array if not array-like + // .removeData('foo bar') + + if (string(names)) { + // then get the list of keys, and delete them + var keys = names.split(/\s+/); + var l = keys.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { + // delete each non-empty key + var key = keys[i]; + + if (emptyString(key)) { + continue; + } + + var valid = !p.immutableKeys[key]; // not valid if immutable + + if (valid) { + for (var i_a = 0, l_a = all.length; i_a < l_a; i_a++) { + all[i_a]._private[p.field][key] = undefined; + } + } + } + + if (p.triggerEvent) { + self[p.triggerFnName](p.event); + } // .removeData() + + } else if (names === undefined) { + // then delete all keys + for (var _i_a = 0, _l_a = all.length; _i_a < _l_a; _i_a++) { + var _privateFields = all[_i_a]._private[p.field]; + + var _keys = Object.keys(_privateFields); + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < _keys.length; _i2++) { + var _key = _keys[_i2]; + var validKeyToDelete = !p.immutableKeys[_key]; + + if (validKeyToDelete) { + _privateFields[_key] = undefined; + } + } + } + + if (p.triggerEvent) { + self[p.triggerFnName](p.event); + } + } + + return self; // maintain chaining + }; // function + } // removeData + +}; // define + +var define$1 = { + eventAliasesOn: function eventAliasesOn(proto) { + var p = proto; + p.addListener = p.listen = p.bind = p.on; + p.unlisten = p.unbind = p.off = p.removeListener; + p.trigger = p.emit; // this is just a wrapper alias of .on() + + p.pon = p.promiseOn = function (events, selector) { + var self = this; + var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0); + return new Promise$1(function (resolve, reject) { + var callback = function callback(e) { + self.off.apply(self, offArgs); + resolve(e); + }; + + var onArgs = args.concat([callback]); + var offArgs = onArgs.concat([]); + self.on.apply(self, onArgs); + }); + }; + } +}; // define + +// use this module to cherry pick functions into your prototype +var define = {}; +[define$3, define$2, define$1].forEach(function (m) { + extend(define, m); +}); + +var elesfn$i = { + animate: define.animate(), + animation: define.animation(), + animated: define.animated(), + clearQueue: define.clearQueue(), + delay: define.delay(), + delayAnimation: define.delayAnimation(), + stop: define.stop() +}; + +var elesfn$h = { + classes: function classes(_classes) { + var self = this; + + if (_classes === undefined) { + var ret = []; + + self[0]._private.classes.forEach(function (cls) { + return ret.push(cls); + }); + + return ret; + } else if (!array(_classes)) { + // extract classes from string + _classes = (_classes || '').match(/\S+/g) || []; + } + + var changed = []; + var classesSet = new Set$1(_classes); // check and update each ele + + for (var j = 0; j < self.length; j++) { + var ele = self[j]; + var _p = ele._private; + var eleClasses = _p.classes; + var changedEle = false; // check if ele has all of the passed classes + + for (var i = 0; i < _classes.length; i++) { + var cls = _classes[i]; + var eleHasClass = eleClasses.has(cls); + + if (!eleHasClass) { + changedEle = true; + break; + } + } // check if ele has classes outside of those passed + + + if (!changedEle) { + changedEle = eleClasses.size !== _classes.length; + } + + if (changedEle) { + _p.classes = classesSet; + changed.push(ele); + } + } // trigger update style on those eles that had class changes + + + if (changed.length > 0) { + this.spawn(changed).updateStyle().emit('class'); + } + + return self; + }, + addClass: function addClass(classes) { + return this.toggleClass(classes, true); + }, + hasClass: function hasClass(className) { + var ele = this[0]; + return ele != null && ele._private.classes.has(className); + }, + toggleClass: function toggleClass(classes, toggle) { + if (!array(classes)) { + // extract classes from string + classes = classes.match(/\S+/g) || []; + } + + var self = this; + var toggleUndefd = toggle === undefined; + var changed = []; // eles who had classes changed + + for (var i = 0, il = self.length; i < il; i++) { + var ele = self[i]; + var eleClasses = ele._private.classes; + var changedEle = false; + + for (var j = 0; j < classes.length; j++) { + var cls = classes[j]; + var hasClass = eleClasses.has(cls); + var changedNow = false; + + if (toggle || toggleUndefd && !hasClass) { + eleClasses.add(cls); + changedNow = true; + } else if (!toggle || toggleUndefd && hasClass) { + eleClasses["delete"](cls); + changedNow = true; + } + + if (!changedEle && changedNow) { + changed.push(ele); + changedEle = true; + } + } // for j classes + + } // for i eles + // trigger update style on those eles that had class changes + + + if (changed.length > 0) { + this.spawn(changed).updateStyle().emit('class'); + } + + return self; + }, + removeClass: function removeClass(classes) { + return this.toggleClass(classes, false); + }, + flashClass: function flashClass(classes, duration) { + var self = this; + + if (duration == null) { + duration = 250; + } else if (duration === 0) { + return self; // nothing to do really + } + + self.addClass(classes); + setTimeout(function () { + self.removeClass(classes); + }, duration); + return self; + } +}; +elesfn$h.className = elesfn$h.classNames = elesfn$h.classes; + +var tokens = { + metaChar: '[\\!\\"\\#\\$\\%\\&\\\'\\(\\)\\*\\+\\,\\.\\/\\:\\;\\<\\=\\>\\?\\@\\[\\]\\^\\`\\{\\|\\}\\~]', + // chars we need to escape in let names, etc + comparatorOp: '=|\\!=|>|>=|<|<=|\\$=|\\^=|\\*=', + // binary comparison op (used in data selectors) + boolOp: '\\?|\\!|\\^', + // boolean (unary) operators (used in data selectors) + string: '"(?:\\\\"|[^"])*"' + '|' + "'(?:\\\\'|[^'])*'", + // string literals (used in data selectors) -- doublequotes | singlequotes + number: number, + // number literal (used in data selectors) --- e.g. 0.1234, 1234, 12e123 + meta: 'degree|indegree|outdegree', + // allowed metadata fields (i.e. allowed functions to use from Collection) + separator: '\\s*,\\s*', + // queries are separated by commas, e.g. edge[foo = 'bar'], node.someClass + descendant: '\\s+', + child: '\\s+>\\s+', + subject: '\\$', + group: 'node|edge|\\*', + directedEdge: '\\s+->\\s+', + undirectedEdge: '\\s+<->\\s+' +}; +tokens.variable = '(?:[\\w-.]|(?:\\\\' + tokens.metaChar + '))+'; // a variable name can have letters, numbers, dashes, and periods + +tokens.className = '(?:[\\w-]|(?:\\\\' + tokens.metaChar + '))+'; // a class name has the same rules as a variable except it can't have a '.' in the name + +tokens.value = tokens.string + '|' + tokens.number; // a value literal, either a string or number + +tokens.id = tokens.variable; // an element id (follows variable conventions) + +(function () { + var ops, op, i; // add @ variants to comparatorOp + + ops = tokens.comparatorOp.split('|'); + + for (i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) { + op = ops[i]; + tokens.comparatorOp += '|@' + op; + } // add ! variants to comparatorOp + + + ops = tokens.comparatorOp.split('|'); + + for (i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) { + op = ops[i]; + + if (op.indexOf('!') >= 0) { + continue; + } // skip ops that explicitly contain ! + + + if (op === '=') { + continue; + } // skip = b/c != is explicitly defined + + + tokens.comparatorOp += '|\\!' + op; + } +})(); + +/** + * Make a new query object + * + * @prop type {Type} The type enum (int) of the query + * @prop checks List of checks to make against an ele to test for a match + */ +var newQuery = function newQuery() { + return { + checks: [] + }; +}; + +/** + * A check type enum-like object. Uses integer values for fast match() lookup. + * The ordering does not matter as long as the ints are unique. + */ +var Type = { + /** E.g. node */ + GROUP: 0, + + /** A collection of elements */ + COLLECTION: 1, + + /** A filter(ele) function */ + FILTER: 2, + + /** E.g. [foo > 1] */ + DATA_COMPARE: 3, + + /** E.g. [foo] */ + DATA_EXIST: 4, + + /** E.g. [?foo] */ + DATA_BOOL: 5, + + /** E.g. [[degree > 2]] */ + META_COMPARE: 6, + + /** E.g. :selected */ + STATE: 7, + + /** E.g. #foo */ + ID: 8, + + /** E.g. .foo */ + CLASS: 9, + + /** E.g. #foo <-> #bar */ + UNDIRECTED_EDGE: 10, + + /** E.g. #foo -> #bar */ + DIRECTED_EDGE: 11, + + /** E.g. $#foo -> #bar */ + NODE_SOURCE: 12, + + /** E.g. #foo -> $#bar */ + NODE_TARGET: 13, + + /** E.g. $#foo <-> #bar */ + NODE_NEIGHBOR: 14, + + /** E.g. #foo > #bar */ + CHILD: 15, + + /** E.g. #foo #bar */ + DESCENDANT: 16, + + /** E.g. $#foo > #bar */ + PARENT: 17, + + /** E.g. $#foo #bar */ + ANCESTOR: 18, + + /** E.g. #foo > $bar > #baz */ + COMPOUND_SPLIT: 19, + + /** Always matches, useful placeholder for subject in `COMPOUND_SPLIT` */ + TRUE: 20 +}; + +var stateSelectors = [{ + selector: ':selected', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.selected(); + } +}, { + selector: ':unselected', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.selected(); + } +}, { + selector: ':selectable', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.selectable(); + } +}, { + selector: ':unselectable', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.selectable(); + } +}, { + selector: ':locked', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.locked(); + } +}, { + selector: ':unlocked', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.locked(); + } +}, { + selector: ':visible', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.visible(); + } +}, { + selector: ':hidden', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.visible(); + } +}, { + selector: ':transparent', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.transparent(); + } +}, { + selector: ':grabbed', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.grabbed(); + } +}, { + selector: ':free', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.grabbed(); + } +}, { + selector: ':removed', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.removed(); + } +}, { + selector: ':inside', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.removed(); + } +}, { + selector: ':grabbable', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.grabbable(); + } +}, { + selector: ':ungrabbable', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.grabbable(); + } +}, { + selector: ':animated', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.animated(); + } +}, { + selector: ':unanimated', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.animated(); + } +}, { + selector: ':parent', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isParent(); + } +}, { + selector: ':childless', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isChildless(); + } +}, { + selector: ':child', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isChild(); + } +}, { + selector: ':orphan', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isOrphan(); + } +}, { + selector: ':nonorphan', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isChild(); + } +}, { + selector: ':compound', + matches: function matches(ele) { + if (ele.isNode()) { + return ele.isParent(); + } else { + return ele.source().isParent() || ele.target().isParent(); + } + } +}, { + selector: ':loop', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isLoop(); + } +}, { + selector: ':simple', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.isSimple(); + } +}, { + selector: ':active', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.active(); + } +}, { + selector: ':inactive', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.active(); + } +}, { + selector: ':backgrounding', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return ele.backgrounding(); + } +}, { + selector: ':nonbackgrounding', + matches: function matches(ele) { + return !ele.backgrounding(); + } +}].sort(function (a, b) { + // n.b. selectors that are starting substrings of others must have the longer ones first + return descending(a.selector, b.selector); +}); + +var lookup = function () { + var selToFn = {}; + var s; + + for (var i = 0; i < stateSelectors.length; i++) { + s = stateSelectors[i]; + selToFn[s.selector] = s.matches; + } + + return selToFn; +}(); + +var stateSelectorMatches = function stateSelectorMatches(sel, ele) { + return lookup[sel](ele); +}; +var stateSelectorRegex = '(' + stateSelectors.map(function (s) { + return s.selector; +}).join('|') + ')'; + +// so that values get compared properly in Selector.filter() + +var cleanMetaChars = function cleanMetaChars(str) { + return str.replace(new RegExp('\\\\(' + tokens.metaChar + ')', 'g'), function (match, $1) { + return $1; + }); +}; + +var replaceLastQuery = function replaceLastQuery(selector, examiningQuery, replacementQuery) { + selector[selector.length - 1] = replacementQuery; +}; // NOTE: add new expression syntax here to have it recognised by the parser; +// - a query contains all adjacent (i.e. no separator in between) expressions; +// - the current query is stored in selector[i] +// - you need to check the query objects in match() for it actually filter properly, but that's pretty straight forward + + +var exprs = [{ + name: 'group', + // just used for identifying when debugging + query: true, + regex: '(' + tokens.group + ')', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref) { + var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 1), + group = _ref2[0]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.GROUP, + value: group === '*' ? group : group + 's' + }); + } +}, { + name: 'state', + query: true, + regex: stateSelectorRegex, + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref3) { + var _ref4 = _slicedToArray(_ref3, 1), + state = _ref4[0]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.STATE, + value: state + }); + } +}, { + name: 'id', + query: true, + regex: '\\#(' + tokens.id + ')', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref5) { + var _ref6 = _slicedToArray(_ref5, 1), + id = _ref6[0]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.ID, + value: cleanMetaChars(id) + }); + } +}, { + name: 'className', + query: true, + regex: '\\.(' + tokens.className + ')', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref7) { + var _ref8 = _slicedToArray(_ref7, 1), + className = _ref8[0]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.CLASS, + value: cleanMetaChars(className) + }); + } +}, { + name: 'dataExists', + query: true, + regex: '\\[\\s*(' + tokens.variable + ')\\s*\\]', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref9) { + var _ref10 = _slicedToArray(_ref9, 1), + variable = _ref10[0]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.DATA_EXIST, + field: cleanMetaChars(variable) + }); + } +}, { + name: 'dataCompare', + query: true, + regex: '\\[\\s*(' + tokens.variable + ')\\s*(' + tokens.comparatorOp + ')\\s*(' + tokens.value + ')\\s*\\]', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref11) { + var _ref12 = _slicedToArray(_ref11, 3), + variable = _ref12[0], + comparatorOp = _ref12[1], + value = _ref12[2]; + + var valueIsString = new RegExp('^' + tokens.string + '$').exec(value) != null; + + if (valueIsString) { + value = value.substring(1, value.length - 1); + } else { + value = parseFloat(value); + } + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.DATA_COMPARE, + field: cleanMetaChars(variable), + operator: comparatorOp, + value: value + }); + } +}, { + name: 'dataBool', + query: true, + regex: '\\[\\s*(' + tokens.boolOp + ')\\s*(' + tokens.variable + ')\\s*\\]', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref13) { + var _ref14 = _slicedToArray(_ref13, 2), + boolOp = _ref14[0], + variable = _ref14[1]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.DATA_BOOL, + field: cleanMetaChars(variable), + operator: boolOp + }); + } +}, { + name: 'metaCompare', + query: true, + regex: '\\[\\[\\s*(' + tokens.meta + ')\\s*(' + tokens.comparatorOp + ')\\s*(' + tokens.number + ')\\s*\\]\\]', + populate: function populate(selector, query, _ref15) { + var _ref16 = _slicedToArray(_ref15, 3), + meta = _ref16[0], + comparatorOp = _ref16[1], + number = _ref16[2]; + + query.checks.push({ + type: Type.META_COMPARE, + field: cleanMetaChars(meta), + operator: comparatorOp, + value: parseFloat(number) + }); + } +}, { + name: 'nextQuery', + separator: true, + regex: tokens.separator, + populate: function populate(selector, query) { + var currentSubject = selector.currentSubject; + var edgeCount = selector.edgeCount; + var compoundCount = selector.compoundCount; + var lastQ = selector[selector.length - 1]; + + if (currentSubject != null) { + lastQ.subject = currentSubject; + selector.currentSubject = null; + } + + lastQ.edgeCount = edgeCount; + lastQ.compoundCount = compoundCount; + selector.edgeCount = 0; + selector.compoundCount = 0; // go on to next query + + var nextQuery = selector[selector.length++] = newQuery(); + return nextQuery; // this is the new query to be filled by the following exprs + } +}, { + name: 'directedEdge', + separator: true, + regex: tokens.directedEdge, + populate: function populate(selector, query) { + if (selector.currentSubject == null) { + // undirected edge + var edgeQuery = newQuery(); + var source = query; + var target = newQuery(); + edgeQuery.checks.push({ + type: Type.DIRECTED_EDGE, + source: source, + target: target + }); // the query in the selector should be the edge rather than the source + + replaceLastQuery(selector, query, edgeQuery); + selector.edgeCount++; // we're now populating the target query with expressions that follow + + return target; + } else { + // source/target + var srcTgtQ = newQuery(); + var _source = query; + + var _target = newQuery(); + + srcTgtQ.checks.push({ + type: Type.NODE_SOURCE, + source: _source, + target: _target + }); // the query in the selector should be the neighbourhood rather than the node + + replaceLastQuery(selector, query, srcTgtQ); + selector.edgeCount++; + return _target; // now populating the target with the following expressions + } + } +}, { + name: 'undirectedEdge', + separator: true, + regex: tokens.undirectedEdge, + populate: function populate(selector, query) { + if (selector.currentSubject == null) { + // undirected edge + var edgeQuery = newQuery(); + var source = query; + var target = newQuery(); + edgeQuery.checks.push({ + type: Type.UNDIRECTED_EDGE, + nodes: [source, target] + }); // the query in the selector should be the edge rather than the source + + replaceLastQuery(selector, query, edgeQuery); + selector.edgeCount++; // we're now populating the target query with expressions that follow + + return target; + } else { + // neighbourhood + var nhoodQ = newQuery(); + var node = query; + var neighbor = newQuery(); + nhoodQ.checks.push({ + type: Type.NODE_NEIGHBOR, + node: node, + neighbor: neighbor + }); // the query in the selector should be the neighbourhood rather than the node + + replaceLastQuery(selector, query, nhoodQ); + return neighbor; // now populating the neighbor with following expressions + } + } +}, { + name: 'child', + separator: true, + regex: tokens.child, + populate: function populate(selector, query) { + if (selector.currentSubject == null) { + // default: child query + var parentChildQuery = newQuery(); + var child = newQuery(); + var parent = selector[selector.length - 1]; + parentChildQuery.checks.push({ + type: Type.CHILD, + parent: parent, + child: child + }); // the query in the selector should be the '>' itself + + replaceLastQuery(selector, query, parentChildQuery); + selector.compoundCount++; // we're now populating the child query with expressions that follow + + return child; + } else if (selector.currentSubject === query) { + // compound split query + var compound = newQuery(); + var left = selector[selector.length - 1]; + var right = newQuery(); + var subject = newQuery(); + + var _child = newQuery(); + + var _parent = newQuery(); // set up the root compound q + + + compound.checks.push({ + type: Type.COMPOUND_SPLIT, + left: left, + right: right, + subject: subject + }); // populate the subject and replace the q at the old spot (within left) with TRUE + + subject.checks = query.checks; // take the checks from the left + + query.checks = [{ + type: Type.TRUE + }]; // checks under left refs the subject implicitly + // set up the right q + + _parent.checks.push({ + type: Type.TRUE + }); // parent implicitly refs the subject + + + right.checks.push({ + type: Type.PARENT, + // type is swapped on right side queries + parent: _parent, + child: _child // empty for now + + }); + replaceLastQuery(selector, left, compound); // update the ref since we moved things around for `query` + + selector.currentSubject = subject; + selector.compoundCount++; + return _child; // now populating the right side's child + } else { + // parent query + // info for parent query + var _parent2 = newQuery(); + + var _child2 = newQuery(); + + var pcQChecks = [{ + type: Type.PARENT, + parent: _parent2, + child: _child2 + }]; // the parent-child query takes the place of the query previously being populated + + _parent2.checks = query.checks; // the previous query contains the checks for the parent + + query.checks = pcQChecks; // pc query takes over + + selector.compoundCount++; + return _child2; // we're now populating the child + } + } +}, { + name: 'descendant', + separator: true, + regex: tokens.descendant, + populate: function populate(selector, query) { + if (selector.currentSubject == null) { + // default: descendant query + var ancChQuery = newQuery(); + var descendant = newQuery(); + var ancestor = selector[selector.length - 1]; + ancChQuery.checks.push({ + type: Type.DESCENDANT, + ancestor: ancestor, + descendant: descendant + }); // the query in the selector should be the '>' itself + + replaceLastQuery(selector, query, ancChQuery); + selector.compoundCount++; // we're now populating the descendant query with expressions that follow + + return descendant; + } else if (selector.currentSubject === query) { + // compound split query + var compound = newQuery(); + var left = selector[selector.length - 1]; + var right = newQuery(); + var subject = newQuery(); + + var _descendant = newQuery(); + + var _ancestor = newQuery(); // set up the root compound q + + + compound.checks.push({ + type: Type.COMPOUND_SPLIT, + left: left, + right: right, + subject: subject + }); // populate the subject and replace the q at the old spot (within left) with TRUE + + subject.checks = query.checks; // take the checks from the left + + query.checks = [{ + type: Type.TRUE + }]; // checks under left refs the subject implicitly + // set up the right q + + _ancestor.checks.push({ + type: Type.TRUE + }); // ancestor implicitly refs the subject + + + right.checks.push({ + type: Type.ANCESTOR, + // type is swapped on right side queries + ancestor: _ancestor, + descendant: _descendant // empty for now + + }); + replaceLastQuery(selector, left, compound); // update the ref since we moved things around for `query` + + selector.currentSubject = subject; + selector.compoundCount++; + return _descendant; // now populating the right side's descendant + } else { + // ancestor query + // info for parent query + var _ancestor2 = newQuery(); + + var _descendant2 = newQuery(); + + var adQChecks = [{ + type: Type.ANCESTOR, + ancestor: _ancestor2, + descendant: _descendant2 + }]; // the parent-child query takes the place of the query previously being populated + + _ancestor2.checks = query.checks; // the previous query contains the checks for the parent + + query.checks = adQChecks; // pc query takes over + + selector.compoundCount++; + return _descendant2; // we're now populating the child + } + } +}, { + name: 'subject', + modifier: true, + regex: tokens.subject, + populate: function populate(selector, query) { + if (selector.currentSubject != null && selector.currentSubject !== query) { + warn('Redefinition of subject in selector `' + selector.toString() + '`'); + return false; + } + + selector.currentSubject = query; + var topQ = selector[selector.length - 1]; + var topChk = topQ.checks[0]; + var topType = topChk == null ? null : topChk.type; + + if (topType === Type.DIRECTED_EDGE) { + // directed edge with subject on the target + // change to target node check + topChk.type = Type.NODE_TARGET; + } else if (topType === Type.UNDIRECTED_EDGE) { + // undirected edge with subject on the second node + // change to neighbor check + topChk.type = Type.NODE_NEIGHBOR; + topChk.node = topChk.nodes[1]; // second node is subject + + topChk.neighbor = topChk.nodes[0]; // clean up unused fields for new type + + topChk.nodes = null; + } + } +}]; +exprs.forEach(function (e) { + return e.regexObj = new RegExp('^' + e.regex); +}); + +/** + * Of all the expressions, find the first match in the remaining text. + * @param {string} remaining The remaining text to parse + * @returns The matched expression and the newly remaining text `{ expr, match, name, remaining }` + */ + +var consumeExpr = function consumeExpr(remaining) { + var expr; + var match; + var name; + + for (var j = 0; j < exprs.length; j++) { + var e = exprs[j]; + var n = e.name; + var m = remaining.match(e.regexObj); + + if (m != null) { + match = m; + expr = e; + name = n; + var consumed = m[0]; + remaining = remaining.substring(consumed.length); + break; // we've consumed one expr, so we can return now + } + } + + return { + expr: expr, + match: match, + name: name, + remaining: remaining + }; +}; +/** + * Consume all the leading whitespace + * @param {string} remaining The text to consume + * @returns The text with the leading whitespace removed + */ + + +var consumeWhitespace = function consumeWhitespace(remaining) { + var match = remaining.match(/^\s+/); + + if (match) { + var consumed = match[0]; + remaining = remaining.substring(consumed.length); + } + + return remaining; +}; +/** + * Parse the string and store the parsed representation in the Selector. + * @param {string} selector The selector string + * @returns `true` if the selector was successfully parsed, `false` otherwise + */ + + +var parse = function parse(selector) { + var self = this; + var remaining = self.inputText = selector; + var currentQuery = self[0] = newQuery(); + self.length = 1; + remaining = consumeWhitespace(remaining); // get rid of leading whitespace + + for (;;) { + var exprInfo = consumeExpr(remaining); + + if (exprInfo.expr == null) { + warn('The selector `' + selector + '`is invalid'); + return false; + } else { + var args = exprInfo.match.slice(1); // let the token populate the selector object in currentQuery + + var ret = exprInfo.expr.populate(self, currentQuery, args); + + if (ret === false) { + return false; // exit if population failed + } else if (ret != null) { + currentQuery = ret; // change the current query to be filled if the expr specifies + } + } + + remaining = exprInfo.remaining; // we're done when there's nothing left to parse + + if (remaining.match(/^\s*$/)) { + break; + } + } + + var lastQ = self[self.length - 1]; + + if (self.currentSubject != null) { + lastQ.subject = self.currentSubject; + } + + lastQ.edgeCount = self.edgeCount; + lastQ.compoundCount = self.compoundCount; + + for (var i = 0; i < self.length; i++) { + var q = self[i]; // in future, this could potentially be allowed if there were operator precedence and detection of invalid combinations + + if (q.compoundCount > 0 && q.edgeCount > 0) { + warn('The selector `' + selector + '` is invalid because it uses both a compound selector and an edge selector'); + return false; + } + + if (q.edgeCount > 1) { + warn('The selector `' + selector + '` is invalid because it uses multiple edge selectors'); + return false; + } else if (q.edgeCount === 1) { + warn('The selector `' + selector + '` is deprecated. Edge selectors do not take effect on changes to source and target nodes after an edge is added, for performance reasons. Use a class or data selector on edges instead, updating the class or data of an edge when your app detects a change in source or target nodes.'); + } + } + + return true; // success +}; +/** + * Get the selector represented as a string. This value uses default formatting, + * so things like spacing may differ from the input text passed to the constructor. + * @returns {string} The selector string + */ + + +var toString = function toString() { + if (this.toStringCache != null) { + return this.toStringCache; + } + + var clean = function clean(obj) { + if (obj == null) { + return ''; + } else { + return obj; + } + }; + + var cleanVal = function cleanVal(val) { + if (string(val)) { + return '"' + val + '"'; + } else { + return clean(val); + } + }; + + var space = function space(val) { + return ' ' + val + ' '; + }; + + var checkToString = function checkToString(check, subject) { + var type = check.type, + value = check.value; + + switch (type) { + case Type.GROUP: + { + var group = clean(value); + return group.substring(0, group.length - 1); + } + + case Type.DATA_COMPARE: + { + var field = check.field, + operator = check.operator; + return '[' + field + space(clean(operator)) + cleanVal(value) + ']'; + } + + case Type.DATA_BOOL: + { + var _operator = check.operator, + _field = check.field; + return '[' + clean(_operator) + _field + ']'; + } + + case Type.DATA_EXIST: + { + var _field2 = check.field; + return '[' + _field2 + ']'; + } + + case Type.META_COMPARE: + { + var _operator2 = check.operator, + _field3 = check.field; + return '[[' + _field3 + space(clean(_operator2)) + cleanVal(value) + ']]'; + } + + case Type.STATE: + { + return value; + } + + case Type.ID: + { + return '#' + value; + } + + case Type.CLASS: + { + return '.' + value; + } + + case Type.PARENT: + case Type.CHILD: + { + return queryToString(check.parent, subject) + space('>') + queryToString(check.child, subject); + } + + case Type.ANCESTOR: + case Type.DESCENDANT: + { + return queryToString(check.ancestor, subject) + ' ' + queryToString(check.descendant, subject); + } + + case Type.COMPOUND_SPLIT: + { + var lhs = queryToString(check.left, subject); + var sub = queryToString(check.subject, subject); + var rhs = queryToString(check.right, subject); + return lhs + (lhs.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + sub + rhs; + } + + case Type.TRUE: + { + return ''; + } + } + }; + + var queryToString = function queryToString(query, subject) { + return query.checks.reduce(function (str, chk, i) { + return str + (subject === query && i === 0 ? '$' : '') + checkToString(chk, subject); + }, ''); + }; + + var str = ''; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var query = this[i]; + str += queryToString(query, query.subject); + + if (this.length > 1 && i < this.length - 1) { + str += ', '; + } + } + + this.toStringCache = str; + return str; +}; +var parse$1 = { + parse: parse, + toString: toString +}; + +var valCmp = function valCmp(fieldVal, operator, value) { + var matches; + var isFieldStr = string(fieldVal); + var isFieldNum = number$1(fieldVal); + var isValStr = string(value); + var fieldStr, valStr; + var caseInsensitive = false; + var notExpr = false; + var isIneqCmp = false; + + if (operator.indexOf('!') >= 0) { + operator = operator.replace('!', ''); + notExpr = true; + } + + if (operator.indexOf('@') >= 0) { + operator = operator.replace('@', ''); + caseInsensitive = true; + } + + if (isFieldStr || isValStr || caseInsensitive) { + fieldStr = !isFieldStr && !isFieldNum ? '' : '' + fieldVal; + valStr = '' + value; + } // if we're doing a case insensitive comparison, then we're using a STRING comparison + // even if we're comparing numbers + + + if (caseInsensitive) { + fieldVal = fieldStr = fieldStr.toLowerCase(); + value = valStr = valStr.toLowerCase(); + } + + switch (operator) { + case '*=': + matches = fieldStr.indexOf(valStr) >= 0; + break; + + case '$=': + matches = fieldStr.indexOf(valStr, fieldStr.length - valStr.length) >= 0; + break; + + case '^=': + matches = fieldStr.indexOf(valStr) === 0; + break; + + case '=': + matches = fieldVal === value; + break; + + case '>': + isIneqCmp = true; + matches = fieldVal > value; + break; + + case '>=': + isIneqCmp = true; + matches = fieldVal >= value; + break; + + case '<': + isIneqCmp = true; + matches = fieldVal < value; + break; + + case '<=': + isIneqCmp = true; + matches = fieldVal <= value; + break; + + default: + matches = false; + break; + } // apply the not op, but null vals for inequalities should always stay non-matching + + + if (notExpr && (fieldVal != null || !isIneqCmp)) { + matches = !matches; + } + + return matches; +}; +var boolCmp = function boolCmp(fieldVal, operator) { + switch (operator) { + case '?': + return fieldVal ? true : false; + + case '!': + return fieldVal ? false : true; + + case '^': + return fieldVal === undefined; + } +}; +var existCmp = function existCmp(fieldVal) { + return fieldVal !== undefined; +}; +var data$1 = function data(ele, field) { + return ele.data(field); +}; +var meta = function meta(ele, field) { + return ele[field](); +}; + +/** A lookup of `match(check, ele)` functions by `Type` int */ + +var match = []; +/** + * Returns whether the query matches for the element + * @param query The `{ type, value, ... }` query object + * @param ele The element to compare against +*/ + +var matches$1 = function matches(query, ele) { + return query.checks.every(function (chk) { + return match[chk.type](chk, ele); + }); +}; + +match[Type.GROUP] = function (check, ele) { + var group = check.value; + return group === '*' || group === ele.group(); +}; + +match[Type.STATE] = function (check, ele) { + var stateSelector = check.value; + return stateSelectorMatches(stateSelector, ele); +}; + +match[Type.ID] = function (check, ele) { + var id = check.value; + return ele.id() === id; +}; + +match[Type.CLASS] = function (check, ele) { + var cls = check.value; + return ele.hasClass(cls); +}; + +match[Type.META_COMPARE] = function (check, ele) { + var field = check.field, + operator = check.operator, + value = check.value; + return valCmp(meta(ele, field), operator, value); +}; + +match[Type.DATA_COMPARE] = function (check, ele) { + var field = check.field, + operator = check.operator, + value = check.value; + return valCmp(data$1(ele, field), operator, value); +}; + +match[Type.DATA_BOOL] = function (check, ele) { + var field = check.field, + operator = check.operator; + return boolCmp(data$1(ele, field), operator); +}; + +match[Type.DATA_EXIST] = function (check, ele) { + var field = check.field; + check.operator; + return existCmp(data$1(ele, field)); +}; + +match[Type.UNDIRECTED_EDGE] = function (check, ele) { + var qA = check.nodes[0]; + var qB = check.nodes[1]; + var src = ele.source(); + var tgt = ele.target(); + return matches$1(qA, src) && matches$1(qB, tgt) || matches$1(qB, src) && matches$1(qA, tgt); +}; + +match[Type.NODE_NEIGHBOR] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.node, ele) && ele.neighborhood().some(function (n) { + return n.isNode() && matches$1(check.neighbor, n); + }); +}; + +match[Type.DIRECTED_EDGE] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.source, ele.source()) && matches$1(check.target, ele.target()); +}; + +match[Type.NODE_SOURCE] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.source, ele) && ele.outgoers().some(function (n) { + return n.isNode() && matches$1(check.target, n); + }); +}; + +match[Type.NODE_TARGET] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.target, ele) && ele.incomers().some(function (n) { + return n.isNode() && matches$1(check.source, n); + }); +}; + +match[Type.CHILD] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.child, ele) && matches$1(check.parent, ele.parent()); +}; + +match[Type.PARENT] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.parent, ele) && ele.children().some(function (c) { + return matches$1(check.child, c); + }); +}; + +match[Type.DESCENDANT] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.descendant, ele) && ele.ancestors().some(function (a) { + return matches$1(check.ancestor, a); + }); +}; + +match[Type.ANCESTOR] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.ancestor, ele) && ele.descendants().some(function (d) { + return matches$1(check.descendant, d); + }); +}; + +match[Type.COMPOUND_SPLIT] = function (check, ele) { + return matches$1(check.subject, ele) && matches$1(check.left, ele) && matches$1(check.right, ele); +}; + +match[Type.TRUE] = function () { + return true; +}; + +match[Type.COLLECTION] = function (check, ele) { + var collection = check.value; + return collection.has(ele); +}; + +match[Type.FILTER] = function (check, ele) { + var filter = check.value; + return filter(ele); +}; + +var filter = function filter(collection) { + var self = this; // for 1 id #foo queries, just get the element + + if (self.length === 1 && self[0].checks.length === 1 && self[0].checks[0].type === Type.ID) { + return collection.getElementById(self[0].checks[0].value).collection(); + } + + var selectorFunction = function selectorFunction(element) { + for (var j = 0; j < self.length; j++) { + var query = self[j]; + + if (matches$1(query, element)) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + }; + + if (self.text() == null) { + selectorFunction = function selectorFunction() { + return true; + }; + } + + return collection.filter(selectorFunction); +}; // filter +// does selector match a single element? + + +var matches = function matches(ele) { + var self = this; + + for (var j = 0; j < self.length; j++) { + var query = self[j]; + + if (matches$1(query, ele)) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; +}; // matches + + +var matching = { + matches: matches, + filter: filter +}; + +var Selector = function Selector(selector) { + this.inputText = selector; + this.currentSubject = null; + this.compoundCount = 0; + this.edgeCount = 0; + this.length = 0; + + if (selector == null || string(selector) && selector.match(/^\s*$/)) ; else if (elementOrCollection(selector)) { + this.addQuery({ + checks: [{ + type: Type.COLLECTION, + value: selector.collection() + }] + }); + } else if (fn$6(selector)) { + this.addQuery({ + checks: [{ + type: Type.FILTER, + value: selector + }] + }); + } else if (string(selector)) { + if (!this.parse(selector)) { + this.invalid = true; + } + } else { + error('A selector must be created from a string; found '); + } +}; + +var selfn = Selector.prototype; +[parse$1, matching].forEach(function (p) { + return extend(selfn, p); +}); + +selfn.text = function () { + return this.inputText; +}; + +selfn.size = function () { + return this.length; +}; + +selfn.eq = function (i) { + return this[i]; +}; + +selfn.sameText = function (otherSel) { + return !this.invalid && !otherSel.invalid && this.text() === otherSel.text(); +}; + +selfn.addQuery = function (q) { + this[this.length++] = q; +}; + +selfn.selector = selfn.toString; + +var elesfn$g = { + allAre: function allAre(selector) { + var selObj = new Selector(selector); + return this.every(function (ele) { + return selObj.matches(ele); + }); + }, + is: function is(selector) { + var selObj = new Selector(selector); + return this.some(function (ele) { + return selObj.matches(ele); + }); + }, + some: function some(fn, thisArg) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ret = !thisArg ? fn(this[i], i, this) : fn.apply(thisArg, [this[i], i, this]); + + if (ret) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + }, + every: function every(fn, thisArg) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ret = !thisArg ? fn(this[i], i, this) : fn.apply(thisArg, [this[i], i, this]); + + if (!ret) { + return false; + } + } + + return true; + }, + same: function same(collection) { + // cheap collection ref check + if (this === collection) { + return true; + } + + collection = this.cy().collection(collection); + var thisLength = this.length; + var collectionLength = collection.length; // cheap length check + + if (thisLength !== collectionLength) { + return false; + } // cheap element ref check + + + if (thisLength === 1) { + return this[0] === collection[0]; + } + + return this.every(function (ele) { + return collection.hasElementWithId(ele.id()); + }); + }, + anySame: function anySame(collection) { + collection = this.cy().collection(collection); + return this.some(function (ele) { + return collection.hasElementWithId(ele.id()); + }); + }, + allAreNeighbors: function allAreNeighbors(collection) { + collection = this.cy().collection(collection); + var nhood = this.neighborhood(); + return collection.every(function (ele) { + return nhood.hasElementWithId(ele.id()); + }); + }, + contains: function contains(collection) { + collection = this.cy().collection(collection); + var self = this; + return collection.every(function (ele) { + return self.hasElementWithId(ele.id()); + }); + } +}; +elesfn$g.allAreNeighbours = elesfn$g.allAreNeighbors; +elesfn$g.has = elesfn$g.contains; +elesfn$g.equal = elesfn$g.equals = elesfn$g.same; + +var cache = function cache(fn, name) { + return function traversalCache(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) { + var selectorOrEles = arg1; + var eles = this; + var key; + + if (selectorOrEles == null) { + key = ''; + } else if (elementOrCollection(selectorOrEles) && selectorOrEles.length === 1) { + key = selectorOrEles.id(); + } + + if (eles.length === 1 && key) { + var _p = eles[0]._private; + var tch = _p.traversalCache = _p.traversalCache || {}; + var ch = tch[name] = tch[name] || []; + var hash = hashString(key); + var cacheHit = ch[hash]; + + if (cacheHit) { + return cacheHit; + } else { + return ch[hash] = fn.call(eles, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4); + } + } else { + return fn.call(eles, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4); + } + }; +}; + +var elesfn$f = { + parent: function parent(selector) { + var parents = []; // optimisation for single ele call + + if (this.length === 1) { + var parent = this[0]._private.parent; + + if (parent) { + return parent; + } + } + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var _parent = ele._private.parent; + + if (_parent) { + parents.push(_parent); + } + } + + return this.spawn(parents, true).filter(selector); + }, + parents: function parents(selector) { + var parents = []; + var eles = this.parent(); + + while (eles.nonempty()) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + parents.push(ele); + } + + eles = eles.parent(); + } + + return this.spawn(parents, true).filter(selector); + }, + commonAncestors: function commonAncestors(selector) { + var ancestors; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var parents = ele.parents(); + ancestors = ancestors || parents; + ancestors = ancestors.intersect(parents); // current list must be common with current ele parents set + } + + return ancestors.filter(selector); + }, + orphans: function orphans(selector) { + return this.stdFilter(function (ele) { + return ele.isOrphan(); + }).filter(selector); + }, + nonorphans: function nonorphans(selector) { + return this.stdFilter(function (ele) { + return ele.isChild(); + }).filter(selector); + }, + children: cache(function (selector) { + var children = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var eleChildren = ele._private.children; + + for (var j = 0; j < eleChildren.length; j++) { + children.push(eleChildren[j]); + } + } + + return this.spawn(children, true).filter(selector); + }, 'children'), + siblings: function siblings(selector) { + return this.parent().children().not(this).filter(selector); + }, + isParent: function isParent() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele.isNode() && ele._private.children.length !== 0; + } + }, + isChildless: function isChildless() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele.isNode() && ele._private.children.length === 0; + } + }, + isChild: function isChild() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele.isNode() && ele._private.parent != null; + } + }, + isOrphan: function isOrphan() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele.isNode() && ele._private.parent == null; + } + }, + descendants: function descendants(selector) { + var elements = []; + + function add(eles) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + elements.push(ele); + + if (ele.children().nonempty()) { + add(ele.children()); + } + } + } + + add(this.children()); + return this.spawn(elements, true).filter(selector); + } +}; + +function forEachCompound(eles, fn, includeSelf, recursiveStep) { + var q = []; + var did = new Set$1(); + var cy = eles.cy(); + var hasCompounds = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + + if (includeSelf) { + q.push(ele); + } else if (hasCompounds) { + recursiveStep(q, did, ele); + } + } + + while (q.length > 0) { + var _ele = q.shift(); + + fn(_ele); + did.add(_ele.id()); + + if (hasCompounds) { + recursiveStep(q, did, _ele); + } + } + + return eles; +} + +function addChildren(q, did, ele) { + if (ele.isParent()) { + var children = ele._private.children; + + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + var child = children[i]; + + if (!did.has(child.id())) { + q.push(child); + } + } + } +} // very efficient version of eles.add( eles.descendants() ).forEach() +// for internal use + + +elesfn$f.forEachDown = function (fn) { + var includeSelf = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + return forEachCompound(this, fn, includeSelf, addChildren); +}; + +function addParent(q, did, ele) { + if (ele.isChild()) { + var parent = ele._private.parent; + + if (!did.has(parent.id())) { + q.push(parent); + } + } +} + +elesfn$f.forEachUp = function (fn) { + var includeSelf = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + return forEachCompound(this, fn, includeSelf, addParent); +}; + +function addParentAndChildren(q, did, ele) { + addParent(q, did, ele); + addChildren(q, did, ele); +} + +elesfn$f.forEachUpAndDown = function (fn) { + var includeSelf = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + return forEachCompound(this, fn, includeSelf, addParentAndChildren); +}; // aliases + + +elesfn$f.ancestors = elesfn$f.parents; + +var fn$5, elesfn$e; +fn$5 = elesfn$e = { + data: define.data({ + field: 'data', + bindingEvent: 'data', + allowBinding: true, + allowSetting: true, + settingEvent: 'data', + settingTriggersEvent: true, + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + allowGetting: true, + immutableKeys: { + 'id': true, + 'source': true, + 'target': true, + 'parent': true + }, + updateStyle: true + }), + removeData: define.removeData({ + field: 'data', + event: 'data', + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + triggerEvent: true, + immutableKeys: { + 'id': true, + 'source': true, + 'target': true, + 'parent': true + }, + updateStyle: true + }), + scratch: define.data({ + field: 'scratch', + bindingEvent: 'scratch', + allowBinding: true, + allowSetting: true, + settingEvent: 'scratch', + settingTriggersEvent: true, + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + allowGetting: true, + updateStyle: true + }), + removeScratch: define.removeData({ + field: 'scratch', + event: 'scratch', + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + triggerEvent: true, + updateStyle: true + }), + rscratch: define.data({ + field: 'rscratch', + allowBinding: false, + allowSetting: true, + settingTriggersEvent: false, + allowGetting: true + }), + removeRscratch: define.removeData({ + field: 'rscratch', + triggerEvent: false + }), + id: function id() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele._private.data.id; + } + } +}; // aliases + +fn$5.attr = fn$5.data; +fn$5.removeAttr = fn$5.removeData; +var data = elesfn$e; + +var elesfn$d = {}; + +function defineDegreeFunction(callback) { + return function (includeLoops) { + var self = this; + + if (includeLoops === undefined) { + includeLoops = true; + } + + if (self.length === 0) { + return; + } + + if (self.isNode() && !self.removed()) { + var degree = 0; + var node = self[0]; + var connectedEdges = node._private.edges; + + for (var i = 0; i < connectedEdges.length; i++) { + var edge = connectedEdges[i]; + + if (!includeLoops && edge.isLoop()) { + continue; + } + + degree += callback(node, edge); + } + + return degree; + } else { + return; + } + }; +} + +extend(elesfn$d, { + degree: defineDegreeFunction(function (node, edge) { + if (edge.source().same(edge.target())) { + return 2; + } else { + return 1; + } + }), + indegree: defineDegreeFunction(function (node, edge) { + if (edge.target().same(node)) { + return 1; + } else { + return 0; + } + }), + outdegree: defineDegreeFunction(function (node, edge) { + if (edge.source().same(node)) { + return 1; + } else { + return 0; + } + }) +}); + +function defineDegreeBoundsFunction(degreeFn, callback) { + return function (includeLoops) { + var ret; + var nodes = this.nodes(); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var ele = nodes[i]; + var degree = ele[degreeFn](includeLoops); + + if (degree !== undefined && (ret === undefined || callback(degree, ret))) { + ret = degree; + } + } + + return ret; + }; +} + +extend(elesfn$d, { + minDegree: defineDegreeBoundsFunction('degree', function (degree, min) { + return degree < min; + }), + maxDegree: defineDegreeBoundsFunction('degree', function (degree, max) { + return degree > max; + }), + minIndegree: defineDegreeBoundsFunction('indegree', function (degree, min) { + return degree < min; + }), + maxIndegree: defineDegreeBoundsFunction('indegree', function (degree, max) { + return degree > max; + }), + minOutdegree: defineDegreeBoundsFunction('outdegree', function (degree, min) { + return degree < min; + }), + maxOutdegree: defineDegreeBoundsFunction('outdegree', function (degree, max) { + return degree > max; + }) +}); +extend(elesfn$d, { + totalDegree: function totalDegree(includeLoops) { + var total = 0; + var nodes = this.nodes(); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + total += nodes[i].degree(includeLoops); + } + + return total; + } +}); + +var fn$4, elesfn$c; + +var beforePositionSet = function beforePositionSet(eles, newPos, silent) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + + if (!ele.locked()) { + var oldPos = ele._private.position; + var delta = { + x: newPos.x != null ? newPos.x - oldPos.x : 0, + y: newPos.y != null ? newPos.y - oldPos.y : 0 + }; + + if (ele.isParent() && !(delta.x === 0 && delta.y === 0)) { + ele.children().shift(delta, silent); + } + + ele.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); + } + } +}; + +var positionDef = { + field: 'position', + bindingEvent: 'position', + allowBinding: true, + allowSetting: true, + settingEvent: 'position', + settingTriggersEvent: true, + triggerFnName: 'emitAndNotify', + allowGetting: true, + validKeys: ['x', 'y'], + beforeGet: function beforeGet(ele) { + ele.updateCompoundBounds(); + }, + beforeSet: function beforeSet(eles, newPos) { + beforePositionSet(eles, newPos, false); + }, + onSet: function onSet(eles) { + eles.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + }, + canSet: function canSet(ele) { + return !ele.locked(); + } +}; +fn$4 = elesfn$c = { + position: define.data(positionDef), + // position but no notification to renderer + silentPosition: define.data(extend({}, positionDef, { + allowBinding: false, + allowSetting: true, + settingTriggersEvent: false, + allowGetting: false, + beforeSet: function beforeSet(eles, newPos) { + beforePositionSet(eles, newPos, true); + }, + onSet: function onSet(eles) { + eles.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + } + })), + positions: function positions(pos, silent) { + if (plainObject(pos)) { + if (silent) { + this.silentPosition(pos); + } else { + this.position(pos); + } + } else if (fn$6(pos)) { + var _fn = pos; + var cy = this.cy(); + cy.startBatch(); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + + var _pos = void 0; + + if (_pos = _fn(ele, i)) { + if (silent) { + ele.silentPosition(_pos); + } else { + ele.position(_pos); + } + } + } + + cy.endBatch(); + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + silentPositions: function silentPositions(pos) { + return this.positions(pos, true); + }, + shift: function shift(dim, val, silent) { + var delta; + + if (plainObject(dim)) { + delta = { + x: number$1(dim.x) ? dim.x : 0, + y: number$1(dim.y) ? dim.y : 0 + }; + silent = val; + } else if (string(dim) && number$1(val)) { + delta = { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + delta[dim] = val; + } + + if (delta != null) { + var cy = this.cy(); + cy.startBatch(); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; // exclude any node that is a descendant of the calling collection + + if (cy.hasCompoundNodes() && ele.isChild() && ele.ancestors().anySame(this)) { + continue; + } + + var pos = ele.position(); + var newPos = { + x: pos.x + delta.x, + y: pos.y + delta.y + }; + + if (silent) { + ele.silentPosition(newPos); + } else { + ele.position(newPos); + } + } + + cy.endBatch(); + } + + return this; + }, + silentShift: function silentShift(dim, val) { + if (plainObject(dim)) { + this.shift(dim, true); + } else if (string(dim) && number$1(val)) { + this.shift(dim, val, true); + } + + return this; + }, + // get/set the rendered (i.e. on screen) positon of the element + renderedPosition: function renderedPosition(dim, val) { + var ele = this[0]; + var cy = this.cy(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var pan = cy.pan(); + var rpos = plainObject(dim) ? dim : undefined; + var setting = rpos !== undefined || val !== undefined && string(dim); + + if (ele && ele.isNode()) { + // must have an element and must be a node to return position + if (setting) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var _ele = this[i]; + + if (val !== undefined) { + // set one dimension + _ele.position(dim, (val - pan[dim]) / zoom); + } else if (rpos !== undefined) { + // set whole position + _ele.position(renderedToModelPosition(rpos, zoom, pan)); + } + } + } else { + // getting + var pos = ele.position(); + rpos = modelToRenderedPosition(pos, zoom, pan); + + if (dim === undefined) { + // then return the whole rendered position + return rpos; + } else { + // then return the specified dimension + return rpos[dim]; + } + } + } else if (!setting) { + return undefined; // for empty collection case + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + // get/set the position relative to the parent + relativePosition: function relativePosition(dim, val) { + var ele = this[0]; + var cy = this.cy(); + var ppos = plainObject(dim) ? dim : undefined; + var setting = ppos !== undefined || val !== undefined && string(dim); + var hasCompoundNodes = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + + if (ele && ele.isNode()) { + // must have an element and must be a node to return position + if (setting) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var _ele2 = this[i]; + var parent = hasCompoundNodes ? _ele2.parent() : null; + var hasParent = parent && parent.length > 0; + var relativeToParent = hasParent; + + if (hasParent) { + parent = parent[0]; + } + + var origin = relativeToParent ? parent.position() : { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + + if (val !== undefined) { + // set one dimension + _ele2.position(dim, val + origin[dim]); + } else if (ppos !== undefined) { + // set whole position + _ele2.position({ + x: ppos.x + origin.x, + y: ppos.y + origin.y + }); + } + } + } else { + // getting + var pos = ele.position(); + + var _parent = hasCompoundNodes ? ele.parent() : null; + + var _hasParent = _parent && _parent.length > 0; + + var _relativeToParent = _hasParent; + + if (_hasParent) { + _parent = _parent[0]; + } + + var _origin = _relativeToParent ? _parent.position() : { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + + ppos = { + x: pos.x - _origin.x, + y: pos.y - _origin.y + }; + + if (dim === undefined) { + // then return the whole rendered position + return ppos; + } else { + // then return the specified dimension + return ppos[dim]; + } + } + } else if (!setting) { + return undefined; // for empty collection case + } + + return this; // chaining + } +}; // aliases + +fn$4.modelPosition = fn$4.point = fn$4.position; +fn$4.modelPositions = fn$4.points = fn$4.positions; +fn$4.renderedPoint = fn$4.renderedPosition; +fn$4.relativePoint = fn$4.relativePosition; +var position = elesfn$c; + +var fn$3, elesfn$b; +fn$3 = elesfn$b = {}; + +elesfn$b.renderedBoundingBox = function (options) { + var bb = this.boundingBox(options); + var cy = this.cy(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var pan = cy.pan(); + var x1 = bb.x1 * zoom + pan.x; + var x2 = bb.x2 * zoom + pan.x; + var y1 = bb.y1 * zoom + pan.y; + var y2 = bb.y2 * zoom + pan.y; + return { + x1: x1, + x2: x2, + y1: y1, + y2: y2, + w: x2 - x1, + h: y2 - y1 + }; +}; + +elesfn$b.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache = function () { + var silent = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : false; + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled() || !cy.hasCompoundNodes()) { + return this; + } + + this.forEachUp(function (ele) { + if (ele.isParent()) { + var _p = ele._private; + _p.compoundBoundsClean = false; + _p.bbCache = null; + + if (!silent) { + ele.emitAndNotify('bounds'); + } + } + }); + return this; +}; + +elesfn$b.updateCompoundBounds = function () { + var force = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : false; + var cy = this.cy(); // not possible to do on non-compound graphs or with the style disabled + + if (!cy.styleEnabled() || !cy.hasCompoundNodes()) { + return this; + } // save cycles when batching -- but bounds will be stale (or not exist yet) + + + if (!force && cy.batching()) { + return this; + } + + function update(parent) { + if (!parent.isParent()) { + return; + } + + var _p = parent._private; + var children = parent.children(); + var includeLabels = parent.pstyle('compound-sizing-wrt-labels').value === 'include'; + var min = { + width: { + val: parent.pstyle('min-width').pfValue, + left: parent.pstyle('min-width-bias-left'), + right: parent.pstyle('min-width-bias-right') + }, + height: { + val: parent.pstyle('min-height').pfValue, + top: parent.pstyle('min-height-bias-top'), + bottom: parent.pstyle('min-height-bias-bottom') + } + }; + var bb = children.boundingBox({ + includeLabels: includeLabels, + includeOverlays: false, + // updating the compound bounds happens outside of the regular + // cache cycle (i.e. before fired events) + useCache: false + }); + var pos = _p.position; // if children take up zero area then keep position and fall back on stylesheet w/h + + if (bb.w === 0 || bb.h === 0) { + bb = { + w: parent.pstyle('width').pfValue, + h: parent.pstyle('height').pfValue + }; + bb.x1 = pos.x - bb.w / 2; + bb.x2 = pos.x + bb.w / 2; + bb.y1 = pos.y - bb.h / 2; + bb.y2 = pos.y + bb.h / 2; + } + + function computeBiasValues(propDiff, propBias, propBiasComplement) { + var biasDiff = 0; + var biasComplementDiff = 0; + var biasTotal = propBias + propBiasComplement; + + if (propDiff > 0 && biasTotal > 0) { + biasDiff = propBias / biasTotal * propDiff; + biasComplementDiff = propBiasComplement / biasTotal * propDiff; + } + + return { + biasDiff: biasDiff, + biasComplementDiff: biasComplementDiff + }; + } + + function computePaddingValues(width, height, paddingObject, relativeTo) { + // Assuming percentage is number from 0 to 1 + if (paddingObject.units === '%') { + switch (relativeTo) { + case 'width': + return width > 0 ? paddingObject.pfValue * width : 0; + + case 'height': + return height > 0 ? paddingObject.pfValue * height : 0; + + case 'average': + return width > 0 && height > 0 ? paddingObject.pfValue * (width + height) / 2 : 0; + + case 'min': + return width > 0 && height > 0 ? width > height ? paddingObject.pfValue * height : paddingObject.pfValue * width : 0; + + case 'max': + return width > 0 && height > 0 ? width > height ? paddingObject.pfValue * width : paddingObject.pfValue * height : 0; + + default: + return 0; + } + } else if (paddingObject.units === 'px') { + return paddingObject.pfValue; + } else { + return 0; + } + } + + var leftVal = min.width.left.value; + + if (min.width.left.units === 'px' && min.width.val > 0) { + leftVal = leftVal * 100 / min.width.val; + } + + var rightVal = min.width.right.value; + + if (min.width.right.units === 'px' && min.width.val > 0) { + rightVal = rightVal * 100 / min.width.val; + } + + var topVal = min.height.top.value; + + if (min.height.top.units === 'px' && min.height.val > 0) { + topVal = topVal * 100 / min.height.val; + } + + var bottomVal = min.height.bottom.value; + + if (min.height.bottom.units === 'px' && min.height.val > 0) { + bottomVal = bottomVal * 100 / min.height.val; + } + + var widthBiasDiffs = computeBiasValues(min.width.val - bb.w, leftVal, rightVal); + var diffLeft = widthBiasDiffs.biasDiff; + var diffRight = widthBiasDiffs.biasComplementDiff; + var heightBiasDiffs = computeBiasValues(min.height.val - bb.h, topVal, bottomVal); + var diffTop = heightBiasDiffs.biasDiff; + var diffBottom = heightBiasDiffs.biasComplementDiff; + _p.autoPadding = computePaddingValues(bb.w, bb.h, parent.pstyle('padding'), parent.pstyle('padding-relative-to').value); + _p.autoWidth = Math.max(bb.w, min.width.val); + pos.x = (-diffLeft + bb.x1 + bb.x2 + diffRight) / 2; + _p.autoHeight = Math.max(bb.h, min.height.val); + pos.y = (-diffTop + bb.y1 + bb.y2 + diffBottom) / 2; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var _p = ele._private; + + if (!_p.compoundBoundsClean || force) { + update(ele); + + if (!cy.batching()) { + _p.compoundBoundsClean = true; + } + } + } + + return this; +}; + +var noninf = function noninf(x) { + if (x === Infinity || x === -Infinity) { + return 0; + } + + return x; +}; + +var updateBounds = function updateBounds(b, x1, y1, x2, y2) { + // don't update with zero area boxes + if (x2 - x1 === 0 || y2 - y1 === 0) { + return; + } // don't update with null dim + + + if (x1 == null || y1 == null || x2 == null || y2 == null) { + return; + } + + b.x1 = x1 < b.x1 ? x1 : b.x1; + b.x2 = x2 > b.x2 ? x2 : b.x2; + b.y1 = y1 < b.y1 ? y1 : b.y1; + b.y2 = y2 > b.y2 ? y2 : b.y2; + b.w = b.x2 - b.x1; + b.h = b.y2 - b.y1; +}; + +var updateBoundsFromBox = function updateBoundsFromBox(b, b2) { + if (b2 == null) { + return b; + } + + return updateBounds(b, b2.x1, b2.y1, b2.x2, b2.y2); +}; + +var prefixedProperty = function prefixedProperty(obj, field, prefix) { + return getPrefixedProperty(obj, field, prefix); +}; + +var updateBoundsFromArrow = function updateBoundsFromArrow(bounds, ele, prefix) { + if (ele.cy().headless()) { + return; + } + + var _p = ele._private; + var rstyle = _p.rstyle; + var halfArW = rstyle.arrowWidth / 2; + var arrowType = ele.pstyle(prefix + '-arrow-shape').value; + var x; + var y; + + if (arrowType !== 'none') { + if (prefix === 'source') { + x = rstyle.srcX; + y = rstyle.srcY; + } else if (prefix === 'target') { + x = rstyle.tgtX; + y = rstyle.tgtY; + } else { + x = rstyle.midX; + y = rstyle.midY; + } // always store the individual arrow bounds + + + var bbs = _p.arrowBounds = _p.arrowBounds || {}; + var bb = bbs[prefix] = bbs[prefix] || {}; + bb.x1 = x - halfArW; + bb.y1 = y - halfArW; + bb.x2 = x + halfArW; + bb.y2 = y + halfArW; + bb.w = bb.x2 - bb.x1; + bb.h = bb.y2 - bb.y1; + expandBoundingBox(bb, 1); + updateBounds(bounds, bb.x1, bb.y1, bb.x2, bb.y2); + } +}; + +var updateBoundsFromLabel = function updateBoundsFromLabel(bounds, ele, prefix) { + if (ele.cy().headless()) { + return; + } + + var prefixDash; + + if (prefix) { + prefixDash = prefix + '-'; + } else { + prefixDash = ''; + } + + var _p = ele._private; + var rstyle = _p.rstyle; + var label = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'label').strValue; + + if (label) { + var halign = ele.pstyle('text-halign'); + var valign = ele.pstyle('text-valign'); + var labelWidth = prefixedProperty(rstyle, 'labelWidth', prefix); + var labelHeight = prefixedProperty(rstyle, 'labelHeight', prefix); + var labelX = prefixedProperty(rstyle, 'labelX', prefix); + var labelY = prefixedProperty(rstyle, 'labelY', prefix); + var marginX = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'text-margin-x').pfValue; + var marginY = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'text-margin-y').pfValue; + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + var rotation = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'text-rotation'); + var outlineWidth = ele.pstyle('text-outline-width').pfValue; + var borderWidth = ele.pstyle('text-border-width').pfValue; + var halfBorderWidth = borderWidth / 2; + var padding = ele.pstyle('text-background-padding').pfValue; + var marginOfError = 2; // expand to work around browser dimension inaccuracies + + var lh = labelHeight; + var lw = labelWidth; + var lw_2 = lw / 2; + var lh_2 = lh / 2; + var lx1, lx2, ly1, ly2; + + if (isEdge) { + lx1 = labelX - lw_2; + lx2 = labelX + lw_2; + ly1 = labelY - lh_2; + ly2 = labelY + lh_2; + } else { + switch (halign.value) { + case 'left': + lx1 = labelX - lw; + lx2 = labelX; + break; + + case 'center': + lx1 = labelX - lw_2; + lx2 = labelX + lw_2; + break; + + case 'right': + lx1 = labelX; + lx2 = labelX + lw; + break; + } + + switch (valign.value) { + case 'top': + ly1 = labelY - lh; + ly2 = labelY; + break; + + case 'center': + ly1 = labelY - lh_2; + ly2 = labelY + lh_2; + break; + + case 'bottom': + ly1 = labelY; + ly2 = labelY + lh; + break; + } + } // shift by margin and expand by outline and border + + + lx1 += marginX - Math.max(outlineWidth, halfBorderWidth) - padding - marginOfError; + lx2 += marginX + Math.max(outlineWidth, halfBorderWidth) + padding + marginOfError; + ly1 += marginY - Math.max(outlineWidth, halfBorderWidth) - padding - marginOfError; + ly2 += marginY + Math.max(outlineWidth, halfBorderWidth) + padding + marginOfError; // always store the unrotated label bounds separately + + var bbPrefix = prefix || 'main'; + var bbs = _p.labelBounds; + var bb = bbs[bbPrefix] = bbs[bbPrefix] || {}; + bb.x1 = lx1; + bb.y1 = ly1; + bb.x2 = lx2; + bb.y2 = ly2; + bb.w = lx2 - lx1; + bb.h = ly2 - ly1; + var isAutorotate = isEdge && rotation.strValue === 'autorotate'; + var isPfValue = rotation.pfValue != null && rotation.pfValue !== 0; + + if (isAutorotate || isPfValue) { + var theta = isAutorotate ? prefixedProperty(_p.rstyle, 'labelAngle', prefix) : rotation.pfValue; + var cos = Math.cos(theta); + var sin = Math.sin(theta); // rotation point (default value for center-center) + + var xo = (lx1 + lx2) / 2; + var yo = (ly1 + ly2) / 2; + + if (!isEdge) { + switch (halign.value) { + case 'left': + xo = lx2; + break; + + case 'right': + xo = lx1; + break; + } + + switch (valign.value) { + case 'top': + yo = ly2; + break; + + case 'bottom': + yo = ly1; + break; + } + } + + var rotate = function rotate(x, y) { + x = x - xo; + y = y - yo; + return { + x: x * cos - y * sin + xo, + y: x * sin + y * cos + yo + }; + }; + + var px1y1 = rotate(lx1, ly1); + var px1y2 = rotate(lx1, ly2); + var px2y1 = rotate(lx2, ly1); + var px2y2 = rotate(lx2, ly2); + lx1 = Math.min(px1y1.x, px1y2.x, px2y1.x, px2y2.x); + lx2 = Math.max(px1y1.x, px1y2.x, px2y1.x, px2y2.x); + ly1 = Math.min(px1y1.y, px1y2.y, px2y1.y, px2y2.y); + ly2 = Math.max(px1y1.y, px1y2.y, px2y1.y, px2y2.y); + } + + var bbPrefixRot = bbPrefix + 'Rot'; + var bbRot = bbs[bbPrefixRot] = bbs[bbPrefixRot] || {}; + bbRot.x1 = lx1; + bbRot.y1 = ly1; + bbRot.x2 = lx2; + bbRot.y2 = ly2; + bbRot.w = lx2 - lx1; + bbRot.h = ly2 - ly1; + updateBounds(bounds, lx1, ly1, lx2, ly2); + updateBounds(_p.labelBounds.all, lx1, ly1, lx2, ly2); + } + + return bounds; +}; // get the bounding box of the elements (in raw model position) + + +var boundingBoxImpl = function boundingBoxImpl(ele, options) { + var cy = ele._private.cy; + var styleEnabled = cy.styleEnabled(); + var headless = cy.headless(); + var bounds = makeBoundingBox(); + var _p = ele._private; + var isNode = ele.isNode(); + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + var ex1, ex2, ey1, ey2; // extrema of body / lines + + var x, y; // node pos + + var rstyle = _p.rstyle; + var manualExpansion = isNode && styleEnabled ? ele.pstyle('bounds-expansion').pfValue : [0]; // must use `display` prop only, as reading `compound.width()` causes recursion + // (other factors like width values will be considered later in this function anyway) + + var isDisplayed = function isDisplayed(ele) { + return ele.pstyle('display').value !== 'none'; + }; + + var displayed = !styleEnabled || isDisplayed(ele) // must take into account connected nodes b/c of implicit edge hiding on display:none node + && (!isEdge || isDisplayed(ele.source()) && isDisplayed(ele.target())); + + if (displayed) { + // displayed suffices, since we will find zero area eles anyway + var overlayOpacity = 0; + var overlayPadding = 0; + + if (styleEnabled && options.includeOverlays) { + overlayOpacity = ele.pstyle('overlay-opacity').value; + + if (overlayOpacity !== 0) { + overlayPadding = ele.pstyle('overlay-padding').value; + } + } + + var underlayOpacity = 0; + var underlayPadding = 0; + + if (styleEnabled && options.includeUnderlays) { + underlayOpacity = ele.pstyle('underlay-opacity').value; + + if (underlayOpacity !== 0) { + underlayPadding = ele.pstyle('underlay-padding').value; + } + } + + var padding = Math.max(overlayPadding, underlayPadding); + var w = 0; + var wHalf = 0; + + if (styleEnabled) { + w = ele.pstyle('width').pfValue; + wHalf = w / 2; + } + + if (isNode && options.includeNodes) { + var pos = ele.position(); + x = pos.x; + y = pos.y; + + var _w = ele.outerWidth(); + + var halfW = _w / 2; + var h = ele.outerHeight(); + var halfH = h / 2; // handle node dimensions + ///////////////////////// + + ex1 = x - halfW; + ex2 = x + halfW; + ey1 = y - halfH; + ey2 = y + halfH; + updateBounds(bounds, ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2); + } else if (isEdge && options.includeEdges) { + if (styleEnabled && !headless) { + var curveStyle = ele.pstyle('curve-style').strValue; // handle edge dimensions (rough box estimate) + ////////////////////////////////////////////// + + ex1 = Math.min(rstyle.srcX, rstyle.midX, rstyle.tgtX); + ex2 = Math.max(rstyle.srcX, rstyle.midX, rstyle.tgtX); + ey1 = Math.min(rstyle.srcY, rstyle.midY, rstyle.tgtY); + ey2 = Math.max(rstyle.srcY, rstyle.midY, rstyle.tgtY); // take into account edge width + + ex1 -= wHalf; + ex2 += wHalf; + ey1 -= wHalf; + ey2 += wHalf; + updateBounds(bounds, ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2); // precise edges + //////////////// + + if (curveStyle === 'haystack') { + var hpts = rstyle.haystackPts; + + if (hpts && hpts.length === 2) { + ex1 = hpts[0].x; + ey1 = hpts[0].y; + ex2 = hpts[1].x; + ey2 = hpts[1].y; + + if (ex1 > ex2) { + var temp = ex1; + ex1 = ex2; + ex2 = temp; + } + + if (ey1 > ey2) { + var _temp = ey1; + ey1 = ey2; + ey2 = _temp; + } + + updateBounds(bounds, ex1 - wHalf, ey1 - wHalf, ex2 + wHalf, ey2 + wHalf); + } + } else if (curveStyle === 'bezier' || curveStyle === 'unbundled-bezier' || curveStyle === 'segments' || curveStyle === 'taxi') { + var pts; + + switch (curveStyle) { + case 'bezier': + case 'unbundled-bezier': + pts = rstyle.bezierPts; + break; + + case 'segments': + case 'taxi': + pts = rstyle.linePts; + break; + } + + if (pts != null) { + for (var j = 0; j < pts.length; j++) { + var pt = pts[j]; + ex1 = pt.x - wHalf; + ex2 = pt.x + wHalf; + ey1 = pt.y - wHalf; + ey2 = pt.y + wHalf; + updateBounds(bounds, ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2); + } + } + } // bezier-like or segment-like edge + + } else { + // headless or style disabled + // fallback on source and target positions + ////////////////////////////////////////// + var n1 = ele.source(); + var n1pos = n1.position(); + var n2 = ele.target(); + var n2pos = n2.position(); + ex1 = n1pos.x; + ex2 = n2pos.x; + ey1 = n1pos.y; + ey2 = n2pos.y; + + if (ex1 > ex2) { + var _temp2 = ex1; + ex1 = ex2; + ex2 = _temp2; + } + + if (ey1 > ey2) { + var _temp3 = ey1; + ey1 = ey2; + ey2 = _temp3; + } // take into account edge width + + + ex1 -= wHalf; + ex2 += wHalf; + ey1 -= wHalf; + ey2 += wHalf; + updateBounds(bounds, ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2); + } // headless or style disabled + + } // edges + // handle edge arrow size + ///////////////////////// + + + if (styleEnabled && options.includeEdges && isEdge) { + updateBoundsFromArrow(bounds, ele, 'mid-source'); + updateBoundsFromArrow(bounds, ele, 'mid-target'); + updateBoundsFromArrow(bounds, ele, 'source'); + updateBoundsFromArrow(bounds, ele, 'target'); + } // ghost + //////// + + + if (styleEnabled) { + var ghost = ele.pstyle('ghost').value === 'yes'; + + if (ghost) { + var gx = ele.pstyle('ghost-offset-x').pfValue; + var gy = ele.pstyle('ghost-offset-y').pfValue; + updateBounds(bounds, bounds.x1 + gx, bounds.y1 + gy, bounds.x2 + gx, bounds.y2 + gy); + } + } // always store the body bounds separately from the labels + + + var bbBody = _p.bodyBounds = _p.bodyBounds || {}; + assignBoundingBox(bbBody, bounds); + expandBoundingBoxSides(bbBody, manualExpansion); + expandBoundingBox(bbBody, 1); // expand to work around browser dimension inaccuracies + // overlay + ////////// + + if (styleEnabled) { + ex1 = bounds.x1; + ex2 = bounds.x2; + ey1 = bounds.y1; + ey2 = bounds.y2; + updateBounds(bounds, ex1 - padding, ey1 - padding, ex2 + padding, ey2 + padding); + } // always store the body bounds separately from the labels + + + var bbOverlay = _p.overlayBounds = _p.overlayBounds || {}; + assignBoundingBox(bbOverlay, bounds); + expandBoundingBoxSides(bbOverlay, manualExpansion); + expandBoundingBox(bbOverlay, 1); // expand to work around browser dimension inaccuracies + // handle label dimensions + ////////////////////////// + + var bbLabels = _p.labelBounds = _p.labelBounds || {}; + + if (bbLabels.all != null) { + clearBoundingBox(bbLabels.all); + } else { + bbLabels.all = makeBoundingBox(); + } + + if (styleEnabled && options.includeLabels) { + if (options.includeMainLabels) { + updateBoundsFromLabel(bounds, ele, null); + } + + if (isEdge) { + if (options.includeSourceLabels) { + updateBoundsFromLabel(bounds, ele, 'source'); + } + + if (options.includeTargetLabels) { + updateBoundsFromLabel(bounds, ele, 'target'); + } + } + } // style enabled for labels + + } // if displayed + + + bounds.x1 = noninf(bounds.x1); + bounds.y1 = noninf(bounds.y1); + bounds.x2 = noninf(bounds.x2); + bounds.y2 = noninf(bounds.y2); + bounds.w = noninf(bounds.x2 - bounds.x1); + bounds.h = noninf(bounds.y2 - bounds.y1); + + if (bounds.w > 0 && bounds.h > 0 && displayed) { + expandBoundingBoxSides(bounds, manualExpansion); // expand bounds by 1 because antialiasing can increase the visual/effective size by 1 on all sides + + expandBoundingBox(bounds, 1); + } + + return bounds; +}; + +var getKey = function getKey(opts) { + var i = 0; + + var tf = function tf(val) { + return (val ? 1 : 0) << i++; + }; + + var key = 0; + key += tf(opts.incudeNodes); + key += tf(opts.includeEdges); + key += tf(opts.includeLabels); + key += tf(opts.includeMainLabels); + key += tf(opts.includeSourceLabels); + key += tf(opts.includeTargetLabels); + key += tf(opts.includeOverlays); + return key; +}; + +var getBoundingBoxPosKey = function getBoundingBoxPosKey(ele) { + if (ele.isEdge()) { + var p1 = ele.source().position(); + var p2 = ele.target().position(); + + var r = function r(x) { + return Math.round(x); + }; + + return hashIntsArray([r(p1.x), r(p1.y), r(p2.x), r(p2.y)]); + } else { + return 0; + } +}; + +var cachedBoundingBoxImpl = function cachedBoundingBoxImpl(ele, opts) { + var _p = ele._private; + var bb; + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + var key = opts == null ? defBbOptsKey : getKey(opts); + var usingDefOpts = key === defBbOptsKey; + var currPosKey = getBoundingBoxPosKey(ele); + var isPosKeySame = _p.bbCachePosKey === currPosKey; + var useCache = opts.useCache && isPosKeySame; + + var isDirty = function isDirty(ele) { + return ele._private.bbCache == null || ele._private.styleDirty; + }; + + var needRecalc = !useCache || isDirty(ele) || isEdge && isDirty(ele.source()) || isDirty(ele.target()); + + if (needRecalc) { + if (!isPosKeySame) { + ele.recalculateRenderedStyle(useCache); + } + + bb = boundingBoxImpl(ele, defBbOpts); + _p.bbCache = bb; + _p.bbCachePosKey = currPosKey; + } else { + bb = _p.bbCache; + } // not using def opts => need to build up bb from combination of sub bbs + + + if (!usingDefOpts) { + var isNode = ele.isNode(); + bb = makeBoundingBox(); + + if (opts.includeNodes && isNode || opts.includeEdges && !isNode) { + if (opts.includeOverlays) { + updateBoundsFromBox(bb, _p.overlayBounds); + } else { + updateBoundsFromBox(bb, _p.bodyBounds); + } + } + + if (opts.includeLabels) { + if (opts.includeMainLabels && (!isEdge || opts.includeSourceLabels && opts.includeTargetLabels)) { + updateBoundsFromBox(bb, _p.labelBounds.all); + } else { + if (opts.includeMainLabels) { + updateBoundsFromBox(bb, _p.labelBounds.mainRot); + } + + if (opts.includeSourceLabels) { + updateBoundsFromBox(bb, _p.labelBounds.sourceRot); + } + + if (opts.includeTargetLabels) { + updateBoundsFromBox(bb, _p.labelBounds.targetRot); + } + } + } + + bb.w = bb.x2 - bb.x1; + bb.h = bb.y2 - bb.y1; + } + + return bb; +}; + +var defBbOpts = { + includeNodes: true, + includeEdges: true, + includeLabels: true, + includeMainLabels: true, + includeSourceLabels: true, + includeTargetLabels: true, + includeOverlays: true, + includeUnderlays: true, + useCache: true +}; +var defBbOptsKey = getKey(defBbOpts); +var filledBbOpts = defaults$g(defBbOpts); + +elesfn$b.boundingBox = function (options) { + var bounds; // the main usecase is ele.boundingBox() for a single element with no/def options + // specified s.t. the cache is used, so check for this case to make it faster by + // avoiding the overhead of the rest of the function + + if (this.length === 1 && this[0]._private.bbCache != null && !this[0]._private.styleDirty && (options === undefined || options.useCache === undefined || options.useCache === true)) { + if (options === undefined) { + options = defBbOpts; + } else { + options = filledBbOpts(options); + } + + bounds = cachedBoundingBoxImpl(this[0], options); + } else { + bounds = makeBoundingBox(); + options = options || defBbOpts; + var opts = filledBbOpts(options); + var eles = this; + var cy = eles.cy(); + var styleEnabled = cy.styleEnabled(); + + if (styleEnabled) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var _p = ele._private; + var currPosKey = getBoundingBoxPosKey(ele); + var isPosKeySame = _p.bbCachePosKey === currPosKey; + var useCache = opts.useCache && isPosKeySame && !_p.styleDirty; + ele.recalculateRenderedStyle(useCache); + } + } + + this.updateCompoundBounds(!options.useCache); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < eles.length; _i++) { + var _ele = eles[_i]; + updateBoundsFromBox(bounds, cachedBoundingBoxImpl(_ele, opts)); + } + } + + bounds.x1 = noninf(bounds.x1); + bounds.y1 = noninf(bounds.y1); + bounds.x2 = noninf(bounds.x2); + bounds.y2 = noninf(bounds.y2); + bounds.w = noninf(bounds.x2 - bounds.x1); + bounds.h = noninf(bounds.y2 - bounds.y1); + return bounds; +}; + +elesfn$b.dirtyBoundingBoxCache = function () { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var _p = this[i]._private; + _p.bbCache = null; + _p.bbCachePosKey = null; + _p.bodyBounds = null; + _p.overlayBounds = null; + _p.labelBounds.all = null; + _p.labelBounds.source = null; + _p.labelBounds.target = null; + _p.labelBounds.main = null; + _p.labelBounds.sourceRot = null; + _p.labelBounds.targetRot = null; + _p.labelBounds.mainRot = null; + _p.arrowBounds.source = null; + _p.arrowBounds.target = null; + _p.arrowBounds['mid-source'] = null; + _p.arrowBounds['mid-target'] = null; + } + + this.emitAndNotify('bounds'); + return this; +}; // private helper to get bounding box for custom node positions +// - good for perf in certain cases but currently requires dirtying the rendered style +// - would be better to not modify the nodes but the nodes are read directly everywhere in the renderer... +// - try to use for only things like discrete layouts where the node position would change anyway + + +elesfn$b.boundingBoxAt = function (fn) { + var nodes = this.nodes(); + var cy = this.cy(); + var hasCompoundNodes = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + var parents = cy.collection(); + + if (hasCompoundNodes) { + parents = nodes.filter(function (node) { + return node.isParent(); + }); + nodes = nodes.not(parents); + } + + if (plainObject(fn)) { + var obj = fn; + + fn = function fn() { + return obj; + }; + } + + var storeOldPos = function storeOldPos(node, i) { + return node._private.bbAtOldPos = fn(node, i); + }; + + var getOldPos = function getOldPos(node) { + return node._private.bbAtOldPos; + }; + + cy.startBatch(); + nodes.forEach(storeOldPos).silentPositions(fn); + + if (hasCompoundNodes) { + parents.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + parents.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); + parents.updateCompoundBounds(true); // force update b/c we're inside a batch cycle + } + + var bb = copyBoundingBox(this.boundingBox({ + useCache: false + })); + nodes.silentPositions(getOldPos); + + if (hasCompoundNodes) { + parents.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + parents.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); + parents.updateCompoundBounds(true); // force update b/c we're inside a batch cycle + } + + cy.endBatch(); + return bb; +}; + +fn$3.boundingbox = fn$3.bb = fn$3.boundingBox; +fn$3.renderedBoundingbox = fn$3.renderedBoundingBox; +var bounds = elesfn$b; + +var fn$2, elesfn$a; +fn$2 = elesfn$a = {}; + +var defineDimFns = function defineDimFns(opts) { + opts.uppercaseName = capitalize(opts.name); + opts.autoName = 'auto' + opts.uppercaseName; + opts.labelName = 'label' + opts.uppercaseName; + opts.outerName = 'outer' + opts.uppercaseName; + opts.uppercaseOuterName = capitalize(opts.outerName); + + fn$2[opts.name] = function dimImpl() { + var ele = this[0]; + var _p = ele._private; + var cy = _p.cy; + var styleEnabled = cy._private.styleEnabled; + + if (ele) { + if (styleEnabled) { + if (ele.isParent()) { + ele.updateCompoundBounds(); + return _p[opts.autoName] || 0; + } + + var d = ele.pstyle(opts.name); + + switch (d.strValue) { + case 'label': + ele.recalculateRenderedStyle(); + return _p.rstyle[opts.labelName] || 0; + + default: + return d.pfValue; + } + } else { + return 1; + } + } + }; + + fn$2['outer' + opts.uppercaseName] = function outerDimImpl() { + var ele = this[0]; + var _p = ele._private; + var cy = _p.cy; + var styleEnabled = cy._private.styleEnabled; + + if (ele) { + if (styleEnabled) { + var dim = ele[opts.name](); + var border = ele.pstyle('border-width').pfValue; // n.b. 1/2 each side + + var padding = 2 * ele.padding(); + return dim + border + padding; + } else { + return 1; + } + } + }; + + fn$2['rendered' + opts.uppercaseName] = function renderedDimImpl() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + var d = ele[opts.name](); + return d * this.cy().zoom(); + } + }; + + fn$2['rendered' + opts.uppercaseOuterName] = function renderedOuterDimImpl() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + var od = ele[opts.outerName](); + return od * this.cy().zoom(); + } + }; +}; + +defineDimFns({ + name: 'width' +}); +defineDimFns({ + name: 'height' +}); + +elesfn$a.padding = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + var _p = ele._private; + + if (ele.isParent()) { + ele.updateCompoundBounds(); + + if (_p.autoPadding !== undefined) { + return _p.autoPadding; + } else { + return ele.pstyle('padding').pfValue; + } + } else { + return ele.pstyle('padding').pfValue; + } +}; + +elesfn$a.paddedHeight = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + return ele.height() + 2 * ele.padding(); +}; + +elesfn$a.paddedWidth = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + return ele.width() + 2 * ele.padding(); +}; + +var widthHeight = elesfn$a; + +var ifEdge = function ifEdge(ele, getValue) { + if (ele.isEdge()) { + return getValue(ele); + } +}; + +var ifEdgeRenderedPosition = function ifEdgeRenderedPosition(ele, getPoint) { + if (ele.isEdge()) { + var cy = ele.cy(); + return modelToRenderedPosition(getPoint(ele), cy.zoom(), cy.pan()); + } +}; + +var ifEdgeRenderedPositions = function ifEdgeRenderedPositions(ele, getPoints) { + if (ele.isEdge()) { + var cy = ele.cy(); + var pan = cy.pan(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + return getPoints(ele).map(function (p) { + return modelToRenderedPosition(p, zoom, pan); + }); + } +}; + +var controlPoints = function controlPoints(ele) { + return ele.renderer().getControlPoints(ele); +}; + +var segmentPoints = function segmentPoints(ele) { + return ele.renderer().getSegmentPoints(ele); +}; + +var sourceEndpoint = function sourceEndpoint(ele) { + return ele.renderer().getSourceEndpoint(ele); +}; + +var targetEndpoint = function targetEndpoint(ele) { + return ele.renderer().getTargetEndpoint(ele); +}; + +var midpoint = function midpoint(ele) { + return ele.renderer().getEdgeMidpoint(ele); +}; + +var pts = { + controlPoints: { + get: controlPoints, + mult: true + }, + segmentPoints: { + get: segmentPoints, + mult: true + }, + sourceEndpoint: { + get: sourceEndpoint + }, + targetEndpoint: { + get: targetEndpoint + }, + midpoint: { + get: midpoint + } +}; + +var renderedName = function renderedName(name) { + return 'rendered' + name[0].toUpperCase() + name.substr(1); +}; + +var edgePoints = Object.keys(pts).reduce(function (obj, name) { + var spec = pts[name]; + var rName = renderedName(name); + + obj[name] = function () { + return ifEdge(this, spec.get); + }; + + if (spec.mult) { + obj[rName] = function () { + return ifEdgeRenderedPositions(this, spec.get); + }; + } else { + obj[rName] = function () { + return ifEdgeRenderedPosition(this, spec.get); + }; + } + + return obj; +}, {}); + +var dimensions = extend({}, position, bounds, widthHeight, edgePoints); + +/*! +Event object based on jQuery events, MIT license + +https://jquery.org/license/ +https://tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license +https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/master/src/event.js +*/ +var Event = function Event(src, props) { + this.recycle(src, props); +}; + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} // http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html + + +Event.prototype = { + instanceString: function instanceString() { + return 'event'; + }, + recycle: function recycle(src, props) { + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = this.isPropagationStopped = this.isDefaultPrevented = returnFalse; + + if (src != null && src.preventDefault) { + // Browser Event object + this.type = src.type; // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented ? returnTrue : returnFalse; + } else if (src != null && src.type) { + // Plain object containing all event details + props = src; + } else { + // Event string + this.type = src; + } // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + + + if (props != null) { + // more efficient to manually copy fields we use + this.originalEvent = props.originalEvent; + this.type = props.type != null ? props.type : this.type; + this.cy = props.cy; + this.target = props.target; + this.position = props.position; + this.renderedPosition = props.renderedPosition; + this.namespace = props.namespace; + this.layout = props.layout; + } + + if (this.cy != null && this.position != null && this.renderedPosition == null) { + // create a rendered position based on the passed position + var pos = this.position; + var zoom = this.cy.zoom(); + var pan = this.cy.pan(); + this.renderedPosition = { + x: pos.x * zoom + pan.x, + y: pos.y * zoom + pan.y + }; + } // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + + + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + }, + preventDefault: function preventDefault() { + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + var e = this.originalEvent; + + if (!e) { + return; + } // if preventDefault exists run it on the original event + + + if (e.preventDefault) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function stopPropagation() { + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + var e = this.originalEvent; + + if (!e) { + return; + } // if stopPropagation exists run it on the original event + + + if (e.stopPropagation) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function stopImmediatePropagation() { + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + this.stopPropagation(); + }, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse +}; + +var eventRegex = /^([^.]+)(\.(?:[^.]+))?$/; // regex for matching event strings (e.g. "click.namespace") + +var universalNamespace = '.*'; // matches as if no namespace specified and prevents users from unbinding accidentally + +var defaults$8 = { + qualifierCompare: function qualifierCompare(q1, q2) { + return q1 === q2; + }, + eventMatches: function + /*context, listener, eventObj*/ + eventMatches() { + return true; + }, + addEventFields: function + /*context, evt*/ + addEventFields() {}, + callbackContext: function callbackContext(context + /*, listener, eventObj*/ + ) { + return context; + }, + beforeEmit: function + /* context, listener, eventObj */ + beforeEmit() {}, + afterEmit: function + /* context, listener, eventObj */ + afterEmit() {}, + bubble: function + /*context*/ + bubble() { + return false; + }, + parent: function + /*context*/ + parent() { + return null; + }, + context: null +}; +var defaultsKeys = Object.keys(defaults$8); +var emptyOpts = {}; + +function Emitter() { + var opts = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : emptyOpts; + var context = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined; + + // micro-optimisation vs Object.assign() -- reduces Element instantiation time + for (var i = 0; i < defaultsKeys.length; i++) { + var key = defaultsKeys[i]; + this[key] = opts[key] || defaults$8[key]; + } + + this.context = context || this.context; + this.listeners = []; + this.emitting = 0; +} + +var p = Emitter.prototype; + +var forEachEvent = function forEachEvent(self, handler, events, qualifier, callback, conf, confOverrides) { + if (fn$6(qualifier)) { + callback = qualifier; + qualifier = null; + } + + if (confOverrides) { + if (conf == null) { + conf = confOverrides; + } else { + conf = extend({}, conf, confOverrides); + } + } + + var eventList = array(events) ? events : events.split(/\s+/); + + for (var i = 0; i < eventList.length; i++) { + var evt = eventList[i]; + + if (emptyString(evt)) { + continue; + } + + var match = evt.match(eventRegex); // type[.namespace] + + if (match) { + var type = match[1]; + var namespace = match[2] ? match[2] : null; + var ret = handler(self, evt, type, namespace, qualifier, callback, conf); + + if (ret === false) { + break; + } // allow exiting early + + } + } +}; + +var makeEventObj = function makeEventObj(self, obj) { + self.addEventFields(self.context, obj); + return new Event(obj.type, obj); +}; + +var forEachEventObj = function forEachEventObj(self, handler, events) { + if (event(events)) { + handler(self, events); + return; + } else if (plainObject(events)) { + handler(self, makeEventObj(self, events)); + return; + } + + var eventList = array(events) ? events : events.split(/\s+/); + + for (var i = 0; i < eventList.length; i++) { + var evt = eventList[i]; + + if (emptyString(evt)) { + continue; + } + + var match = evt.match(eventRegex); // type[.namespace] + + if (match) { + var type = match[1]; + var namespace = match[2] ? match[2] : null; + var eventObj = makeEventObj(self, { + type: type, + namespace: namespace, + target: self.context + }); + handler(self, eventObj); + } + } +}; + +p.on = p.addListener = function (events, qualifier, callback, conf, confOverrides) { + forEachEvent(this, function (self, event, type, namespace, qualifier, callback, conf) { + if (fn$6(callback)) { + self.listeners.push({ + event: event, + // full event string + callback: callback, + // callback to run + type: type, + // the event type (e.g. 'click') + namespace: namespace, + // the event namespace (e.g. ".foo") + qualifier: qualifier, + // a restriction on whether to match this emitter + conf: conf // additional configuration + + }); + } + }, events, qualifier, callback, conf, confOverrides); + return this; +}; + +p.one = function (events, qualifier, callback, conf) { + return this.on(events, qualifier, callback, conf, { + one: true + }); +}; + +p.removeListener = p.off = function (events, qualifier, callback, conf) { + var _this = this; + + if (this.emitting !== 0) { + this.listeners = copyArray(this.listeners); + } + + var listeners = this.listeners; + + var _loop = function _loop(i) { + var listener = listeners[i]; + forEachEvent(_this, function (self, event, type, namespace, qualifier, callback + /*, conf*/ + ) { + if ((listener.type === type || events === '*') && (!namespace && listener.namespace !== '.*' || listener.namespace === namespace) && (!qualifier || self.qualifierCompare(listener.qualifier, qualifier)) && (!callback || listener.callback === callback)) { + listeners.splice(i, 1); + return false; + } + }, events, qualifier, callback, conf); + }; + + for (var i = listeners.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + _loop(i); + } + + return this; +}; + +p.removeAllListeners = function () { + return this.removeListener('*'); +}; + +p.emit = p.trigger = function (events, extraParams, manualCallback) { + var listeners = this.listeners; + var numListenersBeforeEmit = listeners.length; + this.emitting++; + + if (!array(extraParams)) { + extraParams = [extraParams]; + } + + forEachEventObj(this, function (self, eventObj) { + if (manualCallback != null) { + listeners = [{ + event: eventObj.event, + type: eventObj.type, + namespace: eventObj.namespace, + callback: manualCallback + }]; + numListenersBeforeEmit = listeners.length; + } + + var _loop2 = function _loop2(i) { + var listener = listeners[i]; + + if (listener.type === eventObj.type && (!listener.namespace || listener.namespace === eventObj.namespace || listener.namespace === universalNamespace) && self.eventMatches(self.context, listener, eventObj)) { + var args = [eventObj]; + + if (extraParams != null) { + push(args, extraParams); + } + + self.beforeEmit(self.context, listener, eventObj); + + if (listener.conf && listener.conf.one) { + self.listeners = self.listeners.filter(function (l) { + return l !== listener; + }); + } + + var context = self.callbackContext(self.context, listener, eventObj); + var ret = listener.callback.apply(context, args); + self.afterEmit(self.context, listener, eventObj); + + if (ret === false) { + eventObj.stopPropagation(); + eventObj.preventDefault(); + } + } // if listener matches + + }; + + for (var i = 0; i < numListenersBeforeEmit; i++) { + _loop2(i); + } // for listener + + + if (self.bubble(self.context) && !eventObj.isPropagationStopped()) { + self.parent(self.context).emit(eventObj, extraParams); + } + }, events); + this.emitting--; + return this; +}; + +var emitterOptions$1 = { + qualifierCompare: function qualifierCompare(selector1, selector2) { + if (selector1 == null || selector2 == null) { + return selector1 == null && selector2 == null; + } else { + return selector1.sameText(selector2); + } + }, + eventMatches: function eventMatches(ele, listener, eventObj) { + var selector = listener.qualifier; + + if (selector != null) { + return ele !== eventObj.target && element(eventObj.target) && selector.matches(eventObj.target); + } + + return true; + }, + addEventFields: function addEventFields(ele, evt) { + evt.cy = ele.cy(); + evt.target = ele; + }, + callbackContext: function callbackContext(ele, listener, eventObj) { + return listener.qualifier != null ? eventObj.target : ele; + }, + beforeEmit: function beforeEmit(context, listener + /*, eventObj*/ + ) { + if (listener.conf && listener.conf.once) { + listener.conf.onceCollection.removeListener(listener.event, listener.qualifier, listener.callback); + } + }, + bubble: function bubble() { + return true; + }, + parent: function parent(ele) { + return ele.isChild() ? ele.parent() : ele.cy(); + } +}; + +var argSelector$1 = function argSelector(arg) { + if (string(arg)) { + return new Selector(arg); + } else { + return arg; + } +}; + +var elesfn$9 = { + createEmitter: function createEmitter() { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var _p = ele._private; + + if (!_p.emitter) { + _p.emitter = new Emitter(emitterOptions$1, ele); + } + } + + return this; + }, + emitter: function emitter() { + return this._private.emitter; + }, + on: function on(events, selector, callback) { + var argSel = argSelector$1(selector); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + ele.emitter().on(events, argSel, callback); + } + + return this; + }, + removeListener: function removeListener(events, selector, callback) { + var argSel = argSelector$1(selector); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + ele.emitter().removeListener(events, argSel, callback); + } + + return this; + }, + removeAllListeners: function removeAllListeners() { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + ele.emitter().removeAllListeners(); + } + + return this; + }, + one: function one(events, selector, callback) { + var argSel = argSelector$1(selector); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + ele.emitter().one(events, argSel, callback); + } + + return this; + }, + once: function once(events, selector, callback) { + var argSel = argSelector$1(selector); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + ele.emitter().on(events, argSel, callback, { + once: true, + onceCollection: this + }); + } + }, + emit: function emit(events, extraParams) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + ele.emitter().emit(events, extraParams); + } + + return this; + }, + emitAndNotify: function emitAndNotify(event, extraParams) { + // for internal use only + if (this.length === 0) { + return; + } // empty collections don't need to notify anything + // notify renderer + + + this.cy().notify(event, this); + this.emit(event, extraParams); + return this; + } +}; +define.eventAliasesOn(elesfn$9); + +var elesfn$8 = { + nodes: function nodes(selector) { + return this.filter(function (ele) { + return ele.isNode(); + }).filter(selector); + }, + edges: function edges(selector) { + return this.filter(function (ele) { + return ele.isEdge(); + }).filter(selector); + }, + // internal helper to get nodes and edges as separate collections with single iteration over elements + byGroup: function byGroup() { + var nodes = this.spawn(); + var edges = this.spawn(); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + nodes.push(ele); + } else { + edges.push(ele); + } + } + + return { + nodes: nodes, + edges: edges + }; + }, + filter: function filter(_filter, thisArg) { + if (_filter === undefined) { + // check this first b/c it's the most common/performant case + return this; + } else if (string(_filter) || elementOrCollection(_filter)) { + return new Selector(_filter).filter(this); + } else if (fn$6(_filter)) { + var filterEles = this.spawn(); + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var include = thisArg ? _filter.apply(thisArg, [ele, i, eles]) : _filter(ele, i, eles); + + if (include) { + filterEles.push(ele); + } + } + + return filterEles; + } + + return this.spawn(); // if not handled by above, give 'em an empty collection + }, + not: function not(toRemove) { + if (!toRemove) { + return this; + } else { + if (string(toRemove)) { + toRemove = this.filter(toRemove); + } + + var elements = this.spawn(); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var element = this[i]; + var remove = toRemove.has(element); + + if (!remove) { + elements.push(element); + } + } + + return elements; + } + }, + absoluteComplement: function absoluteComplement() { + var cy = this.cy(); + return cy.mutableElements().not(this); + }, + intersect: function intersect(other) { + // if a selector is specified, then filter by it instead + if (string(other)) { + var selector = other; + return this.filter(selector); + } + + var elements = this.spawn(); + var col1 = this; + var col2 = other; + var col1Smaller = this.length < other.length; + var colS = col1Smaller ? col1 : col2; + var colL = col1Smaller ? col2 : col1; + + for (var i = 0; i < colS.length; i++) { + var ele = colS[i]; + + if (colL.has(ele)) { + elements.push(ele); + } + } + + return elements; + }, + xor: function xor(other) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + + if (string(other)) { + other = cy.$(other); + } + + var elements = this.spawn(); + var col1 = this; + var col2 = other; + + var add = function add(col, other) { + for (var i = 0; i < col.length; i++) { + var ele = col[i]; + var id = ele._private.data.id; + var inOther = other.hasElementWithId(id); + + if (!inOther) { + elements.push(ele); + } + } + }; + + add(col1, col2); + add(col2, col1); + return elements; + }, + diff: function diff(other) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + + if (string(other)) { + other = cy.$(other); + } + + var left = this.spawn(); + var right = this.spawn(); + var both = this.spawn(); + var col1 = this; + var col2 = other; + + var add = function add(col, other, retEles) { + for (var i = 0; i < col.length; i++) { + var ele = col[i]; + var id = ele._private.data.id; + var inOther = other.hasElementWithId(id); + + if (inOther) { + both.merge(ele); + } else { + retEles.push(ele); + } + } + }; + + add(col1, col2, left); + add(col2, col1, right); + return { + left: left, + right: right, + both: both + }; + }, + add: function add(toAdd) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + + if (!toAdd) { + return this; + } + + if (string(toAdd)) { + var selector = toAdd; + toAdd = cy.mutableElements().filter(selector); + } + + var elements = this.spawnSelf(); + + for (var i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) { + var ele = toAdd[i]; + var add = !this.has(ele); + + if (add) { + elements.push(ele); + } + } + + return elements; + }, + // in place merge on calling collection + merge: function merge(toAdd) { + var _p = this._private; + var cy = _p.cy; + + if (!toAdd) { + return this; + } + + if (toAdd && string(toAdd)) { + var selector = toAdd; + toAdd = cy.mutableElements().filter(selector); + } + + var map = _p.map; + + for (var i = 0; i < toAdd.length; i++) { + var toAddEle = toAdd[i]; + var id = toAddEle._private.data.id; + var add = !map.has(id); + + if (add) { + var index = this.length++; + this[index] = toAddEle; + map.set(id, { + ele: toAddEle, + index: index + }); + } + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + unmergeAt: function unmergeAt(i) { + var ele = this[i]; + var id = ele.id(); + var _p = this._private; + var map = _p.map; // remove ele + + this[i] = undefined; + map["delete"](id); + var unmergedLastEle = i === this.length - 1; // replace empty spot with last ele in collection + + if (this.length > 1 && !unmergedLastEle) { + var lastEleI = this.length - 1; + var lastEle = this[lastEleI]; + var lastEleId = lastEle._private.data.id; + this[lastEleI] = undefined; + this[i] = lastEle; + map.set(lastEleId, { + ele: lastEle, + index: i + }); + } // the collection is now 1 ele smaller + + + this.length--; + return this; + }, + // remove single ele in place in calling collection + unmergeOne: function unmergeOne(ele) { + ele = ele[0]; + var _p = this._private; + var id = ele._private.data.id; + var map = _p.map; + var entry = map.get(id); + + if (!entry) { + return this; // no need to remove + } + + var i = entry.index; + this.unmergeAt(i); + return this; + }, + // remove eles in place on calling collection + unmerge: function unmerge(toRemove) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + + if (!toRemove) { + return this; + } + + if (toRemove && string(toRemove)) { + var selector = toRemove; + toRemove = cy.mutableElements().filter(selector); + } + + for (var i = 0; i < toRemove.length; i++) { + this.unmergeOne(toRemove[i]); + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + unmergeBy: function unmergeBy(toRmFn) { + for (var i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var ele = this[i]; + + if (toRmFn(ele)) { + this.unmergeAt(i); + } + } + + return this; + }, + map: function map(mapFn, thisArg) { + var arr = []; + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var ret = thisArg ? mapFn.apply(thisArg, [ele, i, eles]) : mapFn(ele, i, eles); + arr.push(ret); + } + + return arr; + }, + reduce: function reduce(fn, initialValue) { + var val = initialValue; + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + val = fn(val, eles[i], i, eles); + } + + return val; + }, + max: function max(valFn, thisArg) { + var max = -Infinity; + var maxEle; + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var val = thisArg ? valFn.apply(thisArg, [ele, i, eles]) : valFn(ele, i, eles); + + if (val > max) { + max = val; + maxEle = ele; + } + } + + return { + value: max, + ele: maxEle + }; + }, + min: function min(valFn, thisArg) { + var min = Infinity; + var minEle; + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var val = thisArg ? valFn.apply(thisArg, [ele, i, eles]) : valFn(ele, i, eles); + + if (val < min) { + min = val; + minEle = ele; + } + } + + return { + value: min, + ele: minEle + }; + } +}; // aliases + +var fn$1 = elesfn$8; +fn$1['u'] = fn$1['|'] = fn$1['+'] = fn$1.union = fn$1.or = fn$1.add; +fn$1['\\'] = fn$1['!'] = fn$1['-'] = fn$1.difference = fn$1.relativeComplement = fn$1.subtract = fn$1.not; +fn$1['n'] = fn$1['&'] = fn$1['.'] = fn$1.and = fn$1.intersection = fn$1.intersect; +fn$1['^'] = fn$1['(+)'] = fn$1['(-)'] = fn$1.symmetricDifference = fn$1.symdiff = fn$1.xor; +fn$1.fnFilter = fn$1.filterFn = fn$1.stdFilter = fn$1.filter; +fn$1.complement = fn$1.abscomp = fn$1.absoluteComplement; + +var elesfn$7 = { + isNode: function isNode() { + return this.group() === 'nodes'; + }, + isEdge: function isEdge() { + return this.group() === 'edges'; + }, + isLoop: function isLoop() { + return this.isEdge() && this.source()[0] === this.target()[0]; + }, + isSimple: function isSimple() { + return this.isEdge() && this.source()[0] !== this.target()[0]; + }, + group: function group() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele._private.group; + } + } +}; + +/** + * Elements are drawn in a specific order based on compound depth (low to high), the element type (nodes above edges), + * and z-index (low to high). These styles affect how this applies: + * + * z-compound-depth: May be `bottom | orphan | auto | top`. The first drawn is `bottom`, then `orphan` which is the + * same depth as the root of the compound graph, followed by the default value `auto` which draws in order from + * root to leaves of the compound graph. The last drawn is `top`. + * z-index-compare: May be `auto | manual`. The default value is `auto` which always draws edges under nodes. + * `manual` ignores this convention and draws based on the `z-index` value setting. + * z-index: An integer value that affects the relative draw order of elements. In general, an element with a higher + * `z-index` will be drawn on top of an element with a lower `z-index`. + */ + +var zIndexSort = function zIndexSort(a, b) { + var cy = a.cy(); + var hasCompoundNodes = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + + function getDepth(ele) { + var style = ele.pstyle('z-compound-depth'); + + if (style.value === 'auto') { + return hasCompoundNodes ? ele.zDepth() : 0; + } else if (style.value === 'bottom') { + return -1; + } else if (style.value === 'top') { + return MAX_INT$1; + } // 'orphan' + + + return 0; + } + + var depthDiff = getDepth(a) - getDepth(b); + + if (depthDiff !== 0) { + return depthDiff; + } + + function getEleDepth(ele) { + var style = ele.pstyle('z-index-compare'); + + if (style.value === 'auto') { + return ele.isNode() ? 1 : 0; + } // 'manual' + + + return 0; + } + + var eleDiff = getEleDepth(a) - getEleDepth(b); + + if (eleDiff !== 0) { + return eleDiff; + } + + var zDiff = a.pstyle('z-index').value - b.pstyle('z-index').value; + + if (zDiff !== 0) { + return zDiff; + } // compare indices in the core (order added to graph w/ last on top) + + + return a.poolIndex() - b.poolIndex(); +}; + +var elesfn$6 = { + forEach: function forEach(fn, thisArg) { + if (fn$6(fn)) { + var N = this.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var ret = thisArg ? fn.apply(thisArg, [ele, i, this]) : fn(ele, i, this); + + if (ret === false) { + break; + } // exit each early on return false + + } + } + + return this; + }, + toArray: function toArray() { + var array = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + array.push(this[i]); + } + + return array; + }, + slice: function slice(start, end) { + var array = []; + var thisSize = this.length; + + if (end == null) { + end = thisSize; + } + + if (start == null) { + start = 0; + } + + if (start < 0) { + start = thisSize + start; + } + + if (end < 0) { + end = thisSize + end; + } + + for (var i = start; i >= 0 && i < end && i < thisSize; i++) { + array.push(this[i]); + } + + return this.spawn(array); + }, + size: function size() { + return this.length; + }, + eq: function eq(i) { + return this[i] || this.spawn(); + }, + first: function first() { + return this[0] || this.spawn(); + }, + last: function last() { + return this[this.length - 1] || this.spawn(); + }, + empty: function empty() { + return this.length === 0; + }, + nonempty: function nonempty() { + return !this.empty(); + }, + sort: function sort(sortFn) { + if (!fn$6(sortFn)) { + return this; + } + + var sorted = this.toArray().sort(sortFn); + return this.spawn(sorted); + }, + sortByZIndex: function sortByZIndex() { + return this.sort(zIndexSort); + }, + zDepth: function zDepth() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (!ele) { + return undefined; + } // let cy = ele.cy(); + + + var _p = ele._private; + var group = _p.group; + + if (group === 'nodes') { + var depth = _p.data.parent ? ele.parents().size() : 0; + + if (!ele.isParent()) { + return MAX_INT$1 - 1; // childless nodes always on top + } + + return depth; + } else { + var src = _p.source; + var tgt = _p.target; + var srcDepth = src.zDepth(); + var tgtDepth = tgt.zDepth(); + return Math.max(srcDepth, tgtDepth, 0); // depth of deepest parent + } + } +}; +elesfn$6.each = elesfn$6.forEach; + +var defineSymbolIterator = function defineSymbolIterator() { + var typeofUndef = "undefined" ; + var isIteratorSupported = (typeof Symbol === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(Symbol)) != typeofUndef && _typeof(Symbol.iterator) != typeofUndef; // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + if (isIteratorSupported) { + elesfn$6[Symbol.iterator] = function () { + var _this = this; + + // eslint-disable-line no-undef + var entry = { + value: undefined, + done: false + }; + var i = 0; + var length = this.length; + return _defineProperty({ + next: function next() { + if (i < length) { + entry.value = _this[i++]; + } else { + entry.value = undefined; + entry.done = true; + } + + return entry; + } + }, Symbol.iterator, function () { + // eslint-disable-line no-undef + return this; + }); + }; + } +}; + +defineSymbolIterator(); + +var getLayoutDimensionOptions = defaults$g({ + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false +}); +var elesfn$5 = { + // Calculates and returns node dimensions { x, y } based on options given + layoutDimensions: function layoutDimensions(options) { + options = getLayoutDimensionOptions(options); + var dims; + + if (!this.takesUpSpace()) { + dims = { + w: 0, + h: 0 + }; + } else if (options.nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels) { + var bbDim = this.boundingBox(); + dims = { + w: bbDim.w, + h: bbDim.h + }; + } else { + dims = { + w: this.outerWidth(), + h: this.outerHeight() + }; + } // sanitise the dimensions for external layouts (avoid division by zero) + + + if (dims.w === 0 || dims.h === 0) { + dims.w = dims.h = 1; + } + + return dims; + }, + // using standard layout options, apply position function (w/ or w/o animation) + layoutPositions: function layoutPositions(layout, options, fn) { + var nodes = this.nodes().filter(function (n) { + return !n.isParent(); + }); + var cy = this.cy(); + var layoutEles = options.eles; // nodes & edges + + var getMemoizeKey = function getMemoizeKey(node) { + return node.id(); + }; + + var fnMem = memoize(fn, getMemoizeKey); // memoized version of position function + + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutstart', + layout: layout + }); + layout.animations = []; + + var calculateSpacing = function calculateSpacing(spacing, nodesBb, pos) { + var center = { + x: nodesBb.x1 + nodesBb.w / 2, + y: nodesBb.y1 + nodesBb.h / 2 + }; + var spacingVector = { + // scale from center of bounding box (not necessarily 0,0) + x: (pos.x - center.x) * spacing, + y: (pos.y - center.y) * spacing + }; + return { + x: center.x + spacingVector.x, + y: center.y + spacingVector.y + }; + }; + + var useSpacingFactor = options.spacingFactor && options.spacingFactor !== 1; + + var spacingBb = function spacingBb() { + if (!useSpacingFactor) { + return null; + } + + var bb = makeBoundingBox(); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + var pos = fnMem(node, i); + expandBoundingBoxByPoint(bb, pos.x, pos.y); + } + + return bb; + }; + + var bb = spacingBb(); + var getFinalPos = memoize(function (node, i) { + var newPos = fnMem(node, i); + + if (useSpacingFactor) { + var spacing = Math.abs(options.spacingFactor); + newPos = calculateSpacing(spacing, bb, newPos); + } + + if (options.transform != null) { + newPos = options.transform(node, newPos); + } + + return newPos; + }, getMemoizeKey); + + if (options.animate) { + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + var newPos = getFinalPos(node, i); + var animateNode = options.animateFilter == null || options.animateFilter(node, i); + + if (animateNode) { + var ani = node.animation({ + position: newPos, + duration: options.animationDuration, + easing: options.animationEasing + }); + layout.animations.push(ani); + } else { + node.position(newPos); + } + } + + if (options.fit) { + var fitAni = cy.animation({ + fit: { + boundingBox: layoutEles.boundingBoxAt(getFinalPos), + padding: options.padding + }, + duration: options.animationDuration, + easing: options.animationEasing + }); + layout.animations.push(fitAni); + } else if (options.zoom !== undefined && options.pan !== undefined) { + var zoomPanAni = cy.animation({ + zoom: options.zoom, + pan: options.pan, + duration: options.animationDuration, + easing: options.animationEasing + }); + layout.animations.push(zoomPanAni); + } + + layout.animations.forEach(function (ani) { + return ani.play(); + }); + layout.one('layoutready', options.ready); + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutready', + layout: layout + }); + Promise$1.all(layout.animations.map(function (ani) { + return ani.promise(); + })).then(function () { + layout.one('layoutstop', options.stop); + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutstop', + layout: layout + }); + }); + } else { + nodes.positions(getFinalPos); + + if (options.fit) { + cy.fit(options.eles, options.padding); + } + + if (options.zoom != null) { + cy.zoom(options.zoom); + } + + if (options.pan) { + cy.pan(options.pan); + } + + layout.one('layoutready', options.ready); + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutready', + layout: layout + }); + layout.one('layoutstop', options.stop); + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutstop', + layout: layout + }); + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + layout: function layout(options) { + var cy = this.cy(); + return cy.makeLayout(extend({}, options, { + eles: this + })); + } +}; // aliases: + +elesfn$5.createLayout = elesfn$5.makeLayout = elesfn$5.layout; + +function styleCache(key, fn, ele) { + var _p = ele._private; + var cache = _p.styleCache = _p.styleCache || []; + var val; + + if ((val = cache[key]) != null) { + return val; + } else { + val = cache[key] = fn(ele); + return val; + } +} + +function cacheStyleFunction(key, fn) { + key = hashString(key); + return function cachedStyleFunction(ele) { + return styleCache(key, fn, ele); + }; +} + +function cachePrototypeStyleFunction(key, fn) { + key = hashString(key); + + var selfFn = function selfFn(ele) { + return fn.call(ele); + }; + + return function cachedPrototypeStyleFunction() { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return styleCache(key, selfFn, ele); + } + }; +} + +var elesfn$4 = { + recalculateRenderedStyle: function recalculateRenderedStyle(useCache) { + var cy = this.cy(); + var renderer = cy.renderer(); + var styleEnabled = cy.styleEnabled(); + + if (renderer && styleEnabled) { + renderer.recalculateRenderedStyle(this, useCache); + } + + return this; + }, + dirtyStyleCache: function dirtyStyleCache() { + var cy = this.cy(); + + var dirty = function dirty(ele) { + return ele._private.styleCache = null; + }; + + if (cy.hasCompoundNodes()) { + var eles; + eles = this.spawnSelf().merge(this.descendants()).merge(this.parents()); + eles.merge(eles.connectedEdges()); + eles.forEach(dirty); + } else { + this.forEach(function (ele) { + dirty(ele); + ele.connectedEdges().forEach(dirty); + }); + } + + return this; + }, + // fully updates (recalculates) the style for the elements + updateStyle: function updateStyle(notifyRenderer) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + if (cy.batching()) { + var bEles = cy._private.batchStyleEles; + bEles.merge(this); + return this; // chaining and exit early when batching + } + + var hasCompounds = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + var updatedEles = this; + notifyRenderer = notifyRenderer || notifyRenderer === undefined ? true : false; + + if (hasCompounds) { + // then add everything up and down for compound selector checks + updatedEles = this.spawnSelf().merge(this.descendants()).merge(this.parents()); + } // let changedEles = style.apply( updatedEles ); + + + var changedEles = updatedEles; + + if (notifyRenderer) { + changedEles.emitAndNotify('style'); // let renderer know we changed style + } else { + changedEles.emit('style'); // just fire the event + } + + updatedEles.forEach(function (ele) { + return ele._private.styleDirty = true; + }); + return this; // chaining + }, + // private: clears dirty flag and recalculates style + cleanStyle: function cleanStyle() { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + + if (ele._private.styleDirty) { + // n.b. this flag should be set before apply() to avoid potential infinite recursion + ele._private.styleDirty = false; + cy.style().apply(ele); + } + } + }, + // get the internal parsed style object for the specified property + parsedStyle: function parsedStyle(property) { + var includeNonDefault = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + var ele = this[0]; + var cy = ele.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return; + } + + if (ele) { + this.cleanStyle(); + var overriddenStyle = ele._private.style[property]; + + if (overriddenStyle != null) { + return overriddenStyle; + } else if (includeNonDefault) { + return cy.style().getDefaultProperty(property); + } else { + return null; + } + } + }, + numericStyle: function numericStyle(property) { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (!ele.cy().styleEnabled()) { + return; + } + + if (ele) { + var pstyle = ele.pstyle(property); + return pstyle.pfValue !== undefined ? pstyle.pfValue : pstyle.value; + } + }, + numericStyleUnits: function numericStyleUnits(property) { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (!ele.cy().styleEnabled()) { + return; + } + + if (ele) { + return ele.pstyle(property).units; + } + }, + // get the specified css property as a rendered value (i.e. on-screen value) + // or get the whole rendered style if no property specified (NB doesn't allow setting) + renderedStyle: function renderedStyle(property) { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return cy.style().getRenderedStyle(ele, property); + } + }, + // read the calculated css style of the element or override the style (via a bypass) + style: function style(name, value) { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + var updateTransitions = false; + var style = cy.style(); + + if (plainObject(name)) { + // then extend the bypass + var props = name; + style.applyBypass(this, props, updateTransitions); + this.emitAndNotify('style'); // let the renderer know we've updated style + } else if (string(name)) { + if (value === undefined) { + // then get the property from the style + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return style.getStylePropertyValue(ele, name); + } else { + // empty collection => can't get any value + return; + } + } else { + // then set the bypass with the property value + style.applyBypass(this, name, value, updateTransitions); + this.emitAndNotify('style'); // let the renderer know we've updated style + } + } else if (name === undefined) { + var _ele = this[0]; + + if (_ele) { + return style.getRawStyle(_ele); + } else { + // empty collection => can't get any value + return; + } + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + removeStyle: function removeStyle(names) { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return this; + } + + var updateTransitions = false; + var style = cy.style(); + var eles = this; + + if (names === undefined) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + style.removeAllBypasses(ele, updateTransitions); + } + } else { + names = names.split(/\s+/); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < eles.length; _i++) { + var _ele2 = eles[_i]; + style.removeBypasses(_ele2, names, updateTransitions); + } + } + + this.emitAndNotify('style'); // let the renderer know we've updated style + + return this; // chaining + }, + show: function show() { + this.css('display', 'element'); + return this; // chaining + }, + hide: function hide() { + this.css('display', 'none'); + return this; // chaining + }, + effectiveOpacity: function effectiveOpacity() { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return 1; + } + + var hasCompoundNodes = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + var _p = ele._private; + var parentOpacity = ele.pstyle('opacity').value; + + if (!hasCompoundNodes) { + return parentOpacity; + } + + var parents = !_p.data.parent ? null : ele.parents(); + + if (parents) { + for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) { + var parent = parents[i]; + var opacity = parent.pstyle('opacity').value; + parentOpacity = opacity * parentOpacity; + } + } + + return parentOpacity; + } + }, + transparent: function transparent() { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return false; + } + + var ele = this[0]; + var hasCompoundNodes = ele.cy().hasCompoundNodes(); + + if (ele) { + if (!hasCompoundNodes) { + return ele.pstyle('opacity').value === 0; + } else { + return ele.effectiveOpacity() === 0; + } + } + }, + backgrounding: function backgrounding() { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return false; + } + + var ele = this[0]; + return ele._private.backgrounding ? true : false; + } +}; + +function checkCompound(ele, parentOk) { + var _p = ele._private; + var parents = _p.data.parent ? ele.parents() : null; + + if (parents) { + for (var i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) { + var parent = parents[i]; + + if (!parentOk(parent)) { + return false; + } + } + } + + return true; +} + +function defineDerivedStateFunction(specs) { + var ok = specs.ok; + var edgeOkViaNode = specs.edgeOkViaNode || specs.ok; + var parentOk = specs.parentOk || specs.ok; + return function () { + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return true; + } + + var ele = this[0]; + var hasCompoundNodes = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + + if (ele) { + var _p = ele._private; + + if (!ok(ele)) { + return false; + } + + if (ele.isNode()) { + return !hasCompoundNodes || checkCompound(ele, parentOk); + } else { + var src = _p.source; + var tgt = _p.target; + return edgeOkViaNode(src) && (!hasCompoundNodes || checkCompound(src, edgeOkViaNode)) && (src === tgt || edgeOkViaNode(tgt) && (!hasCompoundNodes || checkCompound(tgt, edgeOkViaNode))); + } + } + }; +} + +var eleTakesUpSpace = cacheStyleFunction('eleTakesUpSpace', function (ele) { + return ele.pstyle('display').value === 'element' && ele.width() !== 0 && (ele.isNode() ? ele.height() !== 0 : true); +}); +elesfn$4.takesUpSpace = cachePrototypeStyleFunction('takesUpSpace', defineDerivedStateFunction({ + ok: eleTakesUpSpace +})); +var eleInteractive = cacheStyleFunction('eleInteractive', function (ele) { + return ele.pstyle('events').value === 'yes' && ele.pstyle('visibility').value === 'visible' && eleTakesUpSpace(ele); +}); +var parentInteractive = cacheStyleFunction('parentInteractive', function (parent) { + return parent.pstyle('visibility').value === 'visible' && eleTakesUpSpace(parent); +}); +elesfn$4.interactive = cachePrototypeStyleFunction('interactive', defineDerivedStateFunction({ + ok: eleInteractive, + parentOk: parentInteractive, + edgeOkViaNode: eleTakesUpSpace +})); + +elesfn$4.noninteractive = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return !ele.interactive(); + } +}; + +var eleVisible = cacheStyleFunction('eleVisible', function (ele) { + return ele.pstyle('visibility').value === 'visible' && ele.pstyle('opacity').pfValue !== 0 && eleTakesUpSpace(ele); +}); +var edgeVisibleViaNode = eleTakesUpSpace; +elesfn$4.visible = cachePrototypeStyleFunction('visible', defineDerivedStateFunction({ + ok: eleVisible, + edgeOkViaNode: edgeVisibleViaNode +})); + +elesfn$4.hidden = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return !ele.visible(); + } +}; + +elesfn$4.isBundledBezier = cachePrototypeStyleFunction('isBundledBezier', function () { + if (!this.cy().styleEnabled()) { + return false; + } + + return !this.removed() && this.pstyle('curve-style').value === 'bezier' && this.takesUpSpace(); +}); +elesfn$4.bypass = elesfn$4.css = elesfn$4.style; +elesfn$4.renderedCss = elesfn$4.renderedStyle; +elesfn$4.removeBypass = elesfn$4.removeCss = elesfn$4.removeStyle; +elesfn$4.pstyle = elesfn$4.parsedStyle; + +var elesfn$3 = {}; + +function defineSwitchFunction(params) { + return function () { + var args = arguments; + var changedEles = []; // e.g. cy.nodes().select( data, handler ) + + if (args.length === 2) { + var data = args[0]; + var handler = args[1]; + this.on(params.event, data, handler); + } // e.g. cy.nodes().select( handler ) + else if (args.length === 1 && fn$6(args[0])) { + var _handler = args[0]; + this.on(params.event, _handler); + } // e.g. cy.nodes().select() + // e.g. (private) cy.nodes().select(['tapselect']) + else if (args.length === 0 || args.length === 1 && array(args[0])) { + var addlEvents = args.length === 1 ? args[0] : null; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var able = !params.ableField || ele._private[params.ableField]; + var changed = ele._private[params.field] != params.value; + + if (params.overrideAble) { + var overrideAble = params.overrideAble(ele); + + if (overrideAble !== undefined) { + able = overrideAble; + + if (!overrideAble) { + return this; + } // to save cycles assume not able for all on override + + } + } + + if (able) { + ele._private[params.field] = params.value; + + if (changed) { + changedEles.push(ele); + } + } + } + + var changedColl = this.spawn(changedEles); + changedColl.updateStyle(); // change of state => possible change of style + + changedColl.emit(params.event); + + if (addlEvents) { + changedColl.emit(addlEvents); + } + } + + return this; + }; +} + +function defineSwitchSet(params) { + elesfn$3[params.field] = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + if (params.overrideField) { + var val = params.overrideField(ele); + + if (val !== undefined) { + return val; + } + } + + return ele._private[params.field]; + } + }; + + elesfn$3[params.on] = defineSwitchFunction({ + event: params.on, + field: params.field, + ableField: params.ableField, + overrideAble: params.overrideAble, + value: true + }); + elesfn$3[params.off] = defineSwitchFunction({ + event: params.off, + field: params.field, + ableField: params.ableField, + overrideAble: params.overrideAble, + value: false + }); +} + +defineSwitchSet({ + field: 'locked', + overrideField: function overrideField(ele) { + return ele.cy().autolock() ? true : undefined; + }, + on: 'lock', + off: 'unlock' +}); +defineSwitchSet({ + field: 'grabbable', + overrideField: function overrideField(ele) { + return ele.cy().autoungrabify() || ele.pannable() ? false : undefined; + }, + on: 'grabify', + off: 'ungrabify' +}); +defineSwitchSet({ + field: 'selected', + ableField: 'selectable', + overrideAble: function overrideAble(ele) { + return ele.cy().autounselectify() ? false : undefined; + }, + on: 'select', + off: 'unselect' +}); +defineSwitchSet({ + field: 'selectable', + overrideField: function overrideField(ele) { + return ele.cy().autounselectify() ? false : undefined; + }, + on: 'selectify', + off: 'unselectify' +}); +elesfn$3.deselect = elesfn$3.unselect; + +elesfn$3.grabbed = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return ele._private.grabbed; + } +}; + +defineSwitchSet({ + field: 'active', + on: 'activate', + off: 'unactivate' +}); +defineSwitchSet({ + field: 'pannable', + on: 'panify', + off: 'unpanify' +}); + +elesfn$3.inactive = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + + if (ele) { + return !ele._private.active; + } +}; + +var elesfn$2 = {}; // DAG functions +//////////////// + +var defineDagExtremity = function defineDagExtremity(params) { + return function dagExtremityImpl(selector) { + var eles = this; + var ret = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + + if (!ele.isNode()) { + continue; + } + + var disqualified = false; + var edges = ele.connectedEdges(); + + for (var j = 0; j < edges.length; j++) { + var edge = edges[j]; + var src = edge.source(); + var tgt = edge.target(); + + if (params.noIncomingEdges && tgt === ele && src !== ele || params.noOutgoingEdges && src === ele && tgt !== ele) { + disqualified = true; + break; + } + } + + if (!disqualified) { + ret.push(ele); + } + } + + return this.spawn(ret, true).filter(selector); + }; +}; + +var defineDagOneHop = function defineDagOneHop(params) { + return function (selector) { + var eles = this; + var oEles = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + + if (!ele.isNode()) { + continue; + } + + var edges = ele.connectedEdges(); + + for (var j = 0; j < edges.length; j++) { + var edge = edges[j]; + var src = edge.source(); + var tgt = edge.target(); + + if (params.outgoing && src === ele) { + oEles.push(edge); + oEles.push(tgt); + } else if (params.incoming && tgt === ele) { + oEles.push(edge); + oEles.push(src); + } + } + } + + return this.spawn(oEles, true).filter(selector); + }; +}; + +var defineDagAllHops = function defineDagAllHops(params) { + return function (selector) { + var eles = this; + var sEles = []; + var sElesIds = {}; + + for (;;) { + var next = params.outgoing ? eles.outgoers() : eles.incomers(); + + if (next.length === 0) { + break; + } // done if none left + + + var newNext = false; + + for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) { + var n = next[i]; + var nid = n.id(); + + if (!sElesIds[nid]) { + sElesIds[nid] = true; + sEles.push(n); + newNext = true; + } + } + + if (!newNext) { + break; + } // done if touched all outgoers already + + + eles = next; + } + + return this.spawn(sEles, true).filter(selector); + }; +}; + +elesfn$2.clearTraversalCache = function () { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + this[i]._private.traversalCache = null; + } +}; + +extend(elesfn$2, { + // get the root nodes in the DAG + roots: defineDagExtremity({ + noIncomingEdges: true + }), + // get the leaf nodes in the DAG + leaves: defineDagExtremity({ + noOutgoingEdges: true + }), + // normally called children in graph theory + // these nodes =edges=> outgoing nodes + outgoers: cache(defineDagOneHop({ + outgoing: true + }), 'outgoers'), + // aka DAG descendants + successors: defineDagAllHops({ + outgoing: true + }), + // normally called parents in graph theory + // these nodes <=edges= incoming nodes + incomers: cache(defineDagOneHop({ + incoming: true + }), 'incomers'), + // aka DAG ancestors + predecessors: defineDagAllHops({ + incoming: true + }) +}); // Neighbourhood functions +////////////////////////// + +extend(elesfn$2, { + neighborhood: cache(function (selector) { + var elements = []; + var nodes = this.nodes(); + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + // for all nodes + var node = nodes[i]; + var connectedEdges = node.connectedEdges(); // for each connected edge, add the edge and the other node + + for (var j = 0; j < connectedEdges.length; j++) { + var edge = connectedEdges[j]; + var src = edge.source(); + var tgt = edge.target(); + var otherNode = node === src ? tgt : src; // need check in case of loop + + if (otherNode.length > 0) { + elements.push(otherNode[0]); // add node 1 hop away + } // add connected edge + + + elements.push(edge[0]); + } + } + + return this.spawn(elements, true).filter(selector); + }, 'neighborhood'), + closedNeighborhood: function closedNeighborhood(selector) { + return this.neighborhood().add(this).filter(selector); + }, + openNeighborhood: function openNeighborhood(selector) { + return this.neighborhood(selector); + } +}); // aliases + +elesfn$2.neighbourhood = elesfn$2.neighborhood; +elesfn$2.closedNeighbourhood = elesfn$2.closedNeighborhood; +elesfn$2.openNeighbourhood = elesfn$2.openNeighborhood; // Edge functions +///////////////// + +extend(elesfn$2, { + source: cache(function sourceImpl(selector) { + var ele = this[0]; + var src; + + if (ele) { + src = ele._private.source || ele.cy().collection(); + } + + return src && selector ? src.filter(selector) : src; + }, 'source'), + target: cache(function targetImpl(selector) { + var ele = this[0]; + var tgt; + + if (ele) { + tgt = ele._private.target || ele.cy().collection(); + } + + return tgt && selector ? tgt.filter(selector) : tgt; + }, 'target'), + sources: defineSourceFunction({ + attr: 'source' + }), + targets: defineSourceFunction({ + attr: 'target' + }) +}); + +function defineSourceFunction(params) { + return function sourceImpl(selector) { + var sources = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var src = ele._private[params.attr]; + + if (src) { + sources.push(src); + } + } + + return this.spawn(sources, true).filter(selector); + }; +} + +extend(elesfn$2, { + edgesWith: cache(defineEdgesWithFunction(), 'edgesWith'), + edgesTo: cache(defineEdgesWithFunction({ + thisIsSrc: true + }), 'edgesTo') +}); + +function defineEdgesWithFunction(params) { + return function edgesWithImpl(otherNodes) { + var elements = []; + var cy = this._private.cy; + var p = params || {}; // get elements if a selector is specified + + if (string(otherNodes)) { + otherNodes = cy.$(otherNodes); + } + + for (var h = 0; h < otherNodes.length; h++) { + var edges = otherNodes[h]._private.edges; + + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge = edges[i]; + var edgeData = edge._private.data; + var thisToOther = this.hasElementWithId(edgeData.source) && otherNodes.hasElementWithId(edgeData.target); + var otherToThis = otherNodes.hasElementWithId(edgeData.source) && this.hasElementWithId(edgeData.target); + var edgeConnectsThisAndOther = thisToOther || otherToThis; + + if (!edgeConnectsThisAndOther) { + continue; + } + + if (p.thisIsSrc || p.thisIsTgt) { + if (p.thisIsSrc && !thisToOther) { + continue; + } + + if (p.thisIsTgt && !otherToThis) { + continue; + } + } + + elements.push(edge); + } + } + + return this.spawn(elements, true); + }; +} + +extend(elesfn$2, { + connectedEdges: cache(function (selector) { + var retEles = []; + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var node = eles[i]; + + if (!node.isNode()) { + continue; + } + + var edges = node._private.edges; + + for (var j = 0; j < edges.length; j++) { + var edge = edges[j]; + retEles.push(edge); + } + } + + return this.spawn(retEles, true).filter(selector); + }, 'connectedEdges'), + connectedNodes: cache(function (selector) { + var retEles = []; + var eles = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var edge = eles[i]; + + if (!edge.isEdge()) { + continue; + } + + retEles.push(edge.source()[0]); + retEles.push(edge.target()[0]); + } + + return this.spawn(retEles, true).filter(selector); + }, 'connectedNodes'), + parallelEdges: cache(defineParallelEdgesFunction(), 'parallelEdges'), + codirectedEdges: cache(defineParallelEdgesFunction({ + codirected: true + }), 'codirectedEdges') +}); + +function defineParallelEdgesFunction(params) { + var defaults = { + codirected: false + }; + params = extend({}, defaults, params); + return function parallelEdgesImpl(selector) { + // micro-optimised for renderer + var elements = []; + var edges = this.edges(); + var p = params; // look at all the edges in the collection + + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge1 = edges[i]; + var edge1_p = edge1._private; + var src1 = edge1_p.source; + var srcid1 = src1._private.data.id; + var tgtid1 = edge1_p.data.target; + var srcEdges1 = src1._private.edges; // look at edges connected to the src node of this edge + + for (var j = 0; j < srcEdges1.length; j++) { + var edge2 = srcEdges1[j]; + var edge2data = edge2._private.data; + var tgtid2 = edge2data.target; + var srcid2 = edge2data.source; + var codirected = tgtid2 === tgtid1 && srcid2 === srcid1; + var oppdirected = srcid1 === tgtid2 && tgtid1 === srcid2; + + if (p.codirected && codirected || !p.codirected && (codirected || oppdirected)) { + elements.push(edge2); + } + } + } + + return this.spawn(elements, true).filter(selector); + }; +} // Misc functions +///////////////// + + +extend(elesfn$2, { + components: function components(root) { + var self = this; + var cy = self.cy(); + var visited = cy.collection(); + var unvisited = root == null ? self.nodes() : root.nodes(); + var components = []; + + if (root != null && unvisited.empty()) { + // root may contain only edges + unvisited = root.sources(); // doesn't matter which node to use (undirected), so just use the source sides + } + + var visitInComponent = function visitInComponent(node, component) { + visited.merge(node); + unvisited.unmerge(node); + component.merge(node); + }; + + if (unvisited.empty()) { + return self.spawn(); + } + + var _loop = function _loop() { + // each iteration yields a component + var cmpt = cy.collection(); + components.push(cmpt); + var root = unvisited[0]; + visitInComponent(root, cmpt); + self.bfs({ + directed: false, + roots: root, + visit: function visit(v) { + return visitInComponent(v, cmpt); + } + }); + cmpt.forEach(function (node) { + node.connectedEdges().forEach(function (e) { + // connectedEdges() usually cached + if (self.has(e) && cmpt.has(e.source()) && cmpt.has(e.target())) { + // has() is cheap + cmpt.merge(e); // forEach() only considers nodes -- sets N at call time + } + }); + }); + }; + + do { + _loop(); + } while (unvisited.length > 0); + + return components; + }, + component: function component() { + var ele = this[0]; + return ele.cy().mutableElements().components(ele)[0]; + } +}); +elesfn$2.componentsOf = elesfn$2.components; + +var Collection = function Collection(cy, elements) { + var unique = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false; + var removed = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : false; + + if (cy === undefined) { + error('A collection must have a reference to the core'); + return; + } + + var map = new Map$1(); + var createdElements = false; + + if (!elements) { + elements = []; + } else if (elements.length > 0 && plainObject(elements[0]) && !element(elements[0])) { + createdElements = true; // make elements from json and restore all at once later + + var eles = []; + var elesIds = new Set$1(); + + for (var i = 0, l = elements.length; i < l; i++) { + var json = elements[i]; + + if (json.data == null) { + json.data = {}; + } + + var _data = json.data; // make sure newly created elements have valid ids + + if (_data.id == null) { + _data.id = uuid(); + } else if (cy.hasElementWithId(_data.id) || elesIds.has(_data.id)) { + continue; // can't create element if prior id already exists + } + + var ele = new Element(cy, json, false); + eles.push(ele); + elesIds.add(_data.id); + } + + elements = eles; + } + + this.length = 0; + + for (var _i = 0, _l = elements.length; _i < _l; _i++) { + var element$1 = elements[_i][0]; // [0] in case elements is an array of collections, rather than array of elements + + if (element$1 == null) { + continue; + } + + var id = element$1._private.data.id; + + if (!unique || !map.has(id)) { + if (unique) { + map.set(id, { + index: this.length, + ele: element$1 + }); + } + + this[this.length] = element$1; + this.length++; + } + } + + this._private = { + eles: this, + cy: cy, + + get map() { + if (this.lazyMap == null) { + this.rebuildMap(); + } + + return this.lazyMap; + }, + + set map(m) { + this.lazyMap = m; + }, + + rebuildMap: function rebuildMap() { + var m = this.lazyMap = new Map$1(); + var eles = this.eles; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < eles.length; _i2++) { + var _ele = eles[_i2]; + m.set(_ele.id(), { + index: _i2, + ele: _ele + }); + } + } + }; + + if (unique) { + this._private.map = map; + } // restore the elements if we created them from json + + + if (createdElements && !removed) { + this.restore(); + } +}; // Functions +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +// keep the prototypes in sync (an element has the same functions as a collection) +// and use elefn and elesfn as shorthands to the prototypes + + +var elesfn$1 = Element.prototype = Collection.prototype = Object.create(Array.prototype); + +elesfn$1.instanceString = function () { + return 'collection'; +}; + +elesfn$1.spawn = function (eles, unique) { + return new Collection(this.cy(), eles, unique); +}; + +elesfn$1.spawnSelf = function () { + return this.spawn(this); +}; + +elesfn$1.cy = function () { + return this._private.cy; +}; + +elesfn$1.renderer = function () { + return this._private.cy.renderer(); +}; + +elesfn$1.element = function () { + return this[0]; +}; + +elesfn$1.collection = function () { + if (collection(this)) { + return this; + } else { + // an element + return new Collection(this._private.cy, [this]); + } +}; + +elesfn$1.unique = function () { + return new Collection(this._private.cy, this, true); +}; + +elesfn$1.hasElementWithId = function (id) { + id = '' + id; // id must be string + + return this._private.map.has(id); +}; + +elesfn$1.getElementById = function (id) { + id = '' + id; // id must be string + + var cy = this._private.cy; + + var entry = this._private.map.get(id); + + return entry ? entry.ele : new Collection(cy); // get ele or empty collection +}; + +elesfn$1.$id = elesfn$1.getElementById; + +elesfn$1.poolIndex = function () { + var cy = this._private.cy; + var eles = cy._private.elements; + var id = this[0]._private.data.id; + return eles._private.map.get(id).index; +}; + +elesfn$1.indexOf = function (ele) { + var id = ele[0]._private.data.id; + return this._private.map.get(id).index; +}; + +elesfn$1.indexOfId = function (id) { + id = '' + id; // id must be string + + return this._private.map.get(id).index; +}; + +elesfn$1.json = function (obj) { + var ele = this.element(); + var cy = this.cy(); + + if (ele == null && obj) { + return this; + } // can't set to no eles + + + if (ele == null) { + return undefined; + } // can't get from no eles + + + var p = ele._private; + + if (plainObject(obj)) { + // set + cy.startBatch(); + + if (obj.data) { + ele.data(obj.data); + var _data2 = p.data; + + if (ele.isEdge()) { + // source and target are immutable via data() + var move = false; + var spec = {}; + var src = obj.data.source; + var tgt = obj.data.target; + + if (src != null && src != _data2.source) { + spec.source = '' + src; // id must be string + + move = true; + } + + if (tgt != null && tgt != _data2.target) { + spec.target = '' + tgt; // id must be string + + move = true; + } + + if (move) { + ele = ele.move(spec); + } + } else { + // parent is immutable via data() + var newParentValSpecd = ('parent' in obj.data); + var parent = obj.data.parent; + + if (newParentValSpecd && (parent != null || _data2.parent != null) && parent != _data2.parent) { + if (parent === undefined) { + // can't set undefined imperatively, so use null + parent = null; + } + + if (parent != null) { + parent = '' + parent; // id must be string + } + + ele = ele.move({ + parent: parent + }); + } + } + } + + if (obj.position) { + ele.position(obj.position); + } // ignore group -- immutable + + + var checkSwitch = function checkSwitch(k, trueFnName, falseFnName) { + var obj_k = obj[k]; + + if (obj_k != null && obj_k !== p[k]) { + if (obj_k) { + ele[trueFnName](); + } else { + ele[falseFnName](); + } + } + }; + + checkSwitch('removed', 'remove', 'restore'); + checkSwitch('selected', 'select', 'unselect'); + checkSwitch('selectable', 'selectify', 'unselectify'); + checkSwitch('locked', 'lock', 'unlock'); + checkSwitch('grabbable', 'grabify', 'ungrabify'); + checkSwitch('pannable', 'panify', 'unpanify'); + + if (obj.classes != null) { + ele.classes(obj.classes); + } + + cy.endBatch(); + return this; + } else if (obj === undefined) { + // get + var json = { + data: copy(p.data), + position: copy(p.position), + group: p.group, + removed: p.removed, + selected: p.selected, + selectable: p.selectable, + locked: p.locked, + grabbable: p.grabbable, + pannable: p.pannable, + classes: null + }; + json.classes = ''; + var i = 0; + p.classes.forEach(function (cls) { + return json.classes += i++ === 0 ? cls : ' ' + cls; + }); + return json; + } +}; + +elesfn$1.jsons = function () { + var jsons = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var json = ele.json(); + jsons.push(json); + } + + return jsons; +}; + +elesfn$1.clone = function () { + var cy = this.cy(); + var elesArr = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var ele = this[i]; + var json = ele.json(); + var clone = new Element(cy, json, false); // NB no restore + + elesArr.push(clone); + } + + return new Collection(cy, elesArr); +}; + +elesfn$1.copy = elesfn$1.clone; + +elesfn$1.restore = function () { + var notifyRenderer = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true; + var addToPool = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + var self = this; + var cy = self.cy(); + var cy_p = cy._private; // create arrays of nodes and edges, since we need to + // restore the nodes first + + var nodes = []; + var edges = []; + var elements; + + for (var _i3 = 0, l = self.length; _i3 < l; _i3++) { + var ele = self[_i3]; + + if (addToPool && !ele.removed()) { + // don't need to handle this ele + continue; + } // keep nodes first in the array and edges after + + + if (ele.isNode()) { + // put to front of array if node + nodes.push(ele); + } else { + // put to end of array if edge + edges.push(ele); + } + } + + elements = nodes.concat(edges); + var i; + + var removeFromElements = function removeFromElements() { + elements.splice(i, 1); + i--; + }; // now, restore each element + + + for (i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) { + var _ele2 = elements[i]; + var _private = _ele2._private; + var _data3 = _private.data; // the traversal cache should start fresh when ele is added + + _ele2.clearTraversalCache(); // set id and validate + + + if (!addToPool && !_private.removed) ; else if (_data3.id === undefined) { + _data3.id = uuid(); + } else if (number$1(_data3.id)) { + _data3.id = '' + _data3.id; // now it's a string + } else if (emptyString(_data3.id) || !string(_data3.id)) { + error('Can not create element with invalid string ID `' + _data3.id + '`'); // can't create element if it has empty string as id or non-string id + + removeFromElements(); + continue; + } else if (cy.hasElementWithId(_data3.id)) { + error('Can not create second element with ID `' + _data3.id + '`'); // can't create element if one already has that id + + removeFromElements(); + continue; + } + + var id = _data3.id; // id is finalised, now let's keep a ref + + if (_ele2.isNode()) { + // extra checks for nodes + var pos = _private.position; // make sure the nodes have a defined position + + if (pos.x == null) { + pos.x = 0; + } + + if (pos.y == null) { + pos.y = 0; + } + } + + if (_ele2.isEdge()) { + // extra checks for edges + var edge = _ele2; + var fields = ['source', 'target']; + var fieldsLength = fields.length; + var badSourceOrTarget = false; + + for (var j = 0; j < fieldsLength; j++) { + var field = fields[j]; + var val = _data3[field]; + + if (number$1(val)) { + val = _data3[field] = '' + _data3[field]; // now string + } + + if (val == null || val === '') { + // can't create if source or target is not defined properly + error('Can not create edge `' + id + '` with unspecified ' + field); + badSourceOrTarget = true; + } else if (!cy.hasElementWithId(val)) { + // can't create edge if one of its nodes doesn't exist + error('Can not create edge `' + id + '` with nonexistant ' + field + ' `' + val + '`'); + badSourceOrTarget = true; + } + } + + if (badSourceOrTarget) { + removeFromElements(); + continue; + } // can't create this + + + var src = cy.getElementById(_data3.source); + var tgt = cy.getElementById(_data3.target); // only one edge in node if loop + + if (src.same(tgt)) { + src._private.edges.push(edge); + } else { + src._private.edges.push(edge); + + tgt._private.edges.push(edge); + } + + edge._private.source = src; + edge._private.target = tgt; + } // if is edge + // create mock ids / indexes maps for element so it can be used like collections + + + _private.map = new Map$1(); + + _private.map.set(id, { + ele: _ele2, + index: 0 + }); + + _private.removed = false; + + if (addToPool) { + cy.addToPool(_ele2); + } + } // for each element + // do compound node sanity checks + + + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < nodes.length; _i4++) { + // each node + var node = nodes[_i4]; + var _data4 = node._private.data; + + if (number$1(_data4.parent)) { + // then automake string + _data4.parent = '' + _data4.parent; + } + + var parentId = _data4.parent; + var specifiedParent = parentId != null; + + if (specifiedParent || node._private.parent) { + var parent = node._private.parent ? cy.collection().merge(node._private.parent) : cy.getElementById(parentId); + + if (parent.empty()) { + // non-existant parent; just remove it + _data4.parent = undefined; + } else if (parent[0].removed()) { + warn('Node added with missing parent, reference to parent removed'); + _data4.parent = undefined; + node._private.parent = null; + } else { + var selfAsParent = false; + var ancestor = parent; + + while (!ancestor.empty()) { + if (node.same(ancestor)) { + // mark self as parent and remove from data + selfAsParent = true; + _data4.parent = undefined; // remove parent reference + // exit or we loop forever + + break; + } + + ancestor = ancestor.parent(); + } + + if (!selfAsParent) { + // connect with children + parent[0]._private.children.push(node); + + node._private.parent = parent[0]; // let the core know we have a compound graph + + cy_p.hasCompoundNodes = true; + } + } // else + + } // if specified parent + + } // for each node + + + if (elements.length > 0) { + var restored = elements.length === self.length ? self : new Collection(cy, elements); + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < restored.length; _i5++) { + var _ele3 = restored[_i5]; + + if (_ele3.isNode()) { + continue; + } // adding an edge invalidates the traversal caches for the parallel edges + + + _ele3.parallelEdges().clearTraversalCache(); // adding an edge invalidates the traversal cache for the connected nodes + + + _ele3.source().clearTraversalCache(); + + _ele3.target().clearTraversalCache(); + } + + var toUpdateStyle; + + if (cy_p.hasCompoundNodes) { + toUpdateStyle = cy.collection().merge(restored).merge(restored.connectedNodes()).merge(restored.parent()); + } else { + toUpdateStyle = restored; + } + + toUpdateStyle.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache().dirtyBoundingBoxCache().updateStyle(notifyRenderer); + + if (notifyRenderer) { + restored.emitAndNotify('add'); + } else if (addToPool) { + restored.emit('add'); + } + } + + return self; // chainability +}; + +elesfn$1.removed = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + return ele && ele._private.removed; +}; + +elesfn$1.inside = function () { + var ele = this[0]; + return ele && !ele._private.removed; +}; + +elesfn$1.remove = function () { + var notifyRenderer = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true; + var removeFromPool = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + var self = this; + var elesToRemove = []; + var elesToRemoveIds = {}; + var cy = self._private.cy; // add connected edges + + function addConnectedEdges(node) { + var edges = node._private.edges; + + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + add(edges[i]); + } + } // add descendant nodes + + + function addChildren(node) { + var children = node._private.children; + + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + add(children[i]); + } + } + + function add(ele) { + var alreadyAdded = elesToRemoveIds[ele.id()]; + + if (removeFromPool && ele.removed() || alreadyAdded) { + return; + } else { + elesToRemoveIds[ele.id()] = true; + } + + if (ele.isNode()) { + elesToRemove.push(ele); // nodes are removed last + + addConnectedEdges(ele); + addChildren(ele); + } else { + elesToRemove.unshift(ele); // edges are removed first + } + } // make the list of elements to remove + // (may be removing more than specified due to connected edges etc) + + + for (var i = 0, l = self.length; i < l; i++) { + var ele = self[i]; + add(ele); + } + + function removeEdgeRef(node, edge) { + var connectedEdges = node._private.edges; + removeFromArray(connectedEdges, edge); // removing an edges invalidates the traversal cache for its nodes + + node.clearTraversalCache(); + } + + function removeParallelRef(pllEdge) { + // removing an edge invalidates the traversal caches for the parallel edges + pllEdge.clearTraversalCache(); + } + + var alteredParents = []; + alteredParents.ids = {}; + + function removeChildRef(parent, ele) { + ele = ele[0]; + parent = parent[0]; + var children = parent._private.children; + var pid = parent.id(); + removeFromArray(children, ele); // remove parent => child ref + + ele._private.parent = null; // remove child => parent ref + + if (!alteredParents.ids[pid]) { + alteredParents.ids[pid] = true; + alteredParents.push(parent); + } + } + + self.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + + if (removeFromPool) { + cy.removeFromPool(elesToRemove); // remove from core pool + } + + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < elesToRemove.length; _i6++) { + var _ele4 = elesToRemove[_i6]; + + if (_ele4.isEdge()) { + // remove references to this edge in its connected nodes + var src = _ele4.source()[0]; + + var tgt = _ele4.target()[0]; + + removeEdgeRef(src, _ele4); + removeEdgeRef(tgt, _ele4); + + var pllEdges = _ele4.parallelEdges(); + + for (var j = 0; j < pllEdges.length; j++) { + var pllEdge = pllEdges[j]; + removeParallelRef(pllEdge); + + if (pllEdge.isBundledBezier()) { + pllEdge.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); + } + } + } else { + // remove reference to parent + var parent = _ele4.parent(); + + if (parent.length !== 0) { + removeChildRef(parent, _ele4); + } + } + + if (removeFromPool) { + // mark as removed + _ele4._private.removed = true; + } + } // check to see if we have a compound graph or not + + + var elesStillInside = cy._private.elements; + cy._private.hasCompoundNodes = false; + + for (var _i7 = 0; _i7 < elesStillInside.length; _i7++) { + var _ele5 = elesStillInside[_i7]; + + if (_ele5.isParent()) { + cy._private.hasCompoundNodes = true; + break; + } + } + + var removedElements = new Collection(this.cy(), elesToRemove); + + if (removedElements.size() > 0) { + // must manually notify since trigger won't do this automatically once removed + if (notifyRenderer) { + removedElements.emitAndNotify('remove'); + } else if (removeFromPool) { + removedElements.emit('remove'); + } + } // the parents who were modified by the removal need their style updated + + + for (var _i8 = 0; _i8 < alteredParents.length; _i8++) { + var _ele6 = alteredParents[_i8]; + + if (!removeFromPool || !_ele6.removed()) { + _ele6.updateStyle(); + } + } + + return removedElements; +}; + +elesfn$1.move = function (struct) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + var eles = this; // just clean up refs, caches, etc. in the same way as when removing and then restoring + // (our calls to remove/restore do not remove from the graph or make events) + + var notifyRenderer = false; + var modifyPool = false; + + var toString = function toString(id) { + return id == null ? id : '' + id; + }; // id must be string + + + if (struct.source !== undefined || struct.target !== undefined) { + var srcId = toString(struct.source); + var tgtId = toString(struct.target); + var srcExists = srcId != null && cy.hasElementWithId(srcId); + var tgtExists = tgtId != null && cy.hasElementWithId(tgtId); + + if (srcExists || tgtExists) { + cy.batch(function () { + // avoid duplicate style updates + eles.remove(notifyRenderer, modifyPool); // clean up refs etc. + + eles.emitAndNotify('moveout'); + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var _data5 = ele._private.data; + + if (ele.isEdge()) { + if (srcExists) { + _data5.source = srcId; + } + + if (tgtExists) { + _data5.target = tgtId; + } + } + } + + eles.restore(notifyRenderer, modifyPool); // make new refs, style, etc. + }); + eles.emitAndNotify('move'); + } + } else if (struct.parent !== undefined) { + // move node to new parent + var parentId = toString(struct.parent); + var parentExists = parentId === null || cy.hasElementWithId(parentId); + + if (parentExists) { + var pidToAssign = parentId === null ? undefined : parentId; + cy.batch(function () { + // avoid duplicate style updates + var updated = eles.remove(notifyRenderer, modifyPool); // clean up refs etc. + + updated.emitAndNotify('moveout'); + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var _data6 = ele._private.data; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + _data6.parent = pidToAssign; + } + } + + updated.restore(notifyRenderer, modifyPool); // make new refs, style, etc. + }); + eles.emitAndNotify('move'); + } + } + + return this; +}; + +[elesfn$j, elesfn$i, elesfn$h, elesfn$g, elesfn$f, data, elesfn$d, dimensions, elesfn$9, elesfn$8, elesfn$7, elesfn$6, elesfn$5, elesfn$4, elesfn$3, elesfn$2].forEach(function (props) { + extend(elesfn$1, props); +}); + +var corefn$9 = { + add: function add(opts) { + var elements; + var cy = this; // add the elements + + if (elementOrCollection(opts)) { + var eles = opts; + + if (eles._private.cy === cy) { + // same instance => just restore + elements = eles.restore(); + } else { + // otherwise, copy from json + var jsons = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + jsons.push(ele.json()); + } + + elements = new Collection(cy, jsons); + } + } // specify an array of options + else if (array(opts)) { + var _jsons = opts; + elements = new Collection(cy, _jsons); + } // specify via opts.nodes and opts.edges + else if (plainObject(opts) && (array(opts.nodes) || array(opts.edges))) { + var elesByGroup = opts; + var _jsons2 = []; + var grs = ['nodes', 'edges']; + + for (var _i = 0, il = grs.length; _i < il; _i++) { + var group = grs[_i]; + var elesArray = elesByGroup[group]; + + if (array(elesArray)) { + for (var j = 0, jl = elesArray.length; j < jl; j++) { + var json = extend({ + group: group + }, elesArray[j]); + + _jsons2.push(json); + } + } + } + + elements = new Collection(cy, _jsons2); + } // specify options for one element + else { + var _json = opts; + elements = new Element(cy, _json).collection(); + } + + return elements; + }, + remove: function remove(collection) { + if (elementOrCollection(collection)) ; else if (string(collection)) { + var selector = collection; + collection = this.$(selector); + } + + return collection.remove(); + } +}; + +/* global Float32Array */ + +/*! Bezier curve function generator. Copyright Gaetan Renaudeau. MIT License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License */ +function generateCubicBezier(mX1, mY1, mX2, mY2) { + var NEWTON_ITERATIONS = 4, + NEWTON_MIN_SLOPE = 0.001, + SUBDIVISION_PRECISION = 0.0000001, + SUBDIVISION_MAX_ITERATIONS = 10, + kSplineTableSize = 11, + kSampleStepSize = 1.0 / (kSplineTableSize - 1.0), + float32ArraySupported = typeof Float32Array !== 'undefined'; + /* Must contain four arguments. */ + + if (arguments.length !== 4) { + return false; + } + /* Arguments must be numbers. */ + + + for (var i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { + if (typeof arguments[i] !== "number" || isNaN(arguments[i]) || !isFinite(arguments[i])) { + return false; + } + } + /* X values must be in the [0, 1] range. */ + + + mX1 = Math.min(mX1, 1); + mX2 = Math.min(mX2, 1); + mX1 = Math.max(mX1, 0); + mX2 = Math.max(mX2, 0); + var mSampleValues = float32ArraySupported ? new Float32Array(kSplineTableSize) : new Array(kSplineTableSize); + + function A(aA1, aA2) { + return 1.0 - 3.0 * aA2 + 3.0 * aA1; + } + + function B(aA1, aA2) { + return 3.0 * aA2 - 6.0 * aA1; + } + + function C(aA1) { + return 3.0 * aA1; + } + + function calcBezier(aT, aA1, aA2) { + return ((A(aA1, aA2) * aT + B(aA1, aA2)) * aT + C(aA1)) * aT; + } + + function getSlope(aT, aA1, aA2) { + return 3.0 * A(aA1, aA2) * aT * aT + 2.0 * B(aA1, aA2) * aT + C(aA1); + } + + function newtonRaphsonIterate(aX, aGuessT) { + for (var _i = 0; _i < NEWTON_ITERATIONS; ++_i) { + var currentSlope = getSlope(aGuessT, mX1, mX2); + + if (currentSlope === 0.0) { + return aGuessT; + } + + var currentX = calcBezier(aGuessT, mX1, mX2) - aX; + aGuessT -= currentX / currentSlope; + } + + return aGuessT; + } + + function calcSampleValues() { + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < kSplineTableSize; ++_i2) { + mSampleValues[_i2] = calcBezier(_i2 * kSampleStepSize, mX1, mX2); + } + } + + function binarySubdivide(aX, aA, aB) { + var currentX, + currentT, + i = 0; + + do { + currentT = aA + (aB - aA) / 2.0; + currentX = calcBezier(currentT, mX1, mX2) - aX; + + if (currentX > 0.0) { + aB = currentT; + } else { + aA = currentT; + } + } while (Math.abs(currentX) > SUBDIVISION_PRECISION && ++i < SUBDIVISION_MAX_ITERATIONS); + + return currentT; + } + + function getTForX(aX) { + var intervalStart = 0.0, + currentSample = 1, + lastSample = kSplineTableSize - 1; + + for (; currentSample !== lastSample && mSampleValues[currentSample] <= aX; ++currentSample) { + intervalStart += kSampleStepSize; + } + + --currentSample; + var dist = (aX - mSampleValues[currentSample]) / (mSampleValues[currentSample + 1] - mSampleValues[currentSample]), + guessForT = intervalStart + dist * kSampleStepSize, + initialSlope = getSlope(guessForT, mX1, mX2); + + if (initialSlope >= NEWTON_MIN_SLOPE) { + return newtonRaphsonIterate(aX, guessForT); + } else if (initialSlope === 0.0) { + return guessForT; + } else { + return binarySubdivide(aX, intervalStart, intervalStart + kSampleStepSize); + } + } + + var _precomputed = false; + + function precompute() { + _precomputed = true; + + if (mX1 !== mY1 || mX2 !== mY2) { + calcSampleValues(); + } + } + + var f = function f(aX) { + if (!_precomputed) { + precompute(); + } + + if (mX1 === mY1 && mX2 === mY2) { + return aX; + } + + if (aX === 0) { + return 0; + } + + if (aX === 1) { + return 1; + } + + return calcBezier(getTForX(aX), mY1, mY2); + }; + + f.getControlPoints = function () { + return [{ + x: mX1, + y: mY1 + }, { + x: mX2, + y: mY2 + }]; + }; + + var str = "generateBezier(" + [mX1, mY1, mX2, mY2] + ")"; + + f.toString = function () { + return str; + }; + + return f; +} + +/*! Runge-Kutta spring physics function generator. Adapted from Framer.js, copyright Koen Bok. MIT License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License */ + +/* Given a tension, friction, and duration, a simulation at 60FPS will first run without a defined duration in order to calculate the full path. A second pass + then adjusts the time delta -- using the relation between actual time and duration -- to calculate the path for the duration-constrained animation. */ +var generateSpringRK4 = function () { + function springAccelerationForState(state) { + return -state.tension * state.x - state.friction * state.v; + } + + function springEvaluateStateWithDerivative(initialState, dt, derivative) { + var state = { + x: initialState.x + derivative.dx * dt, + v: initialState.v + derivative.dv * dt, + tension: initialState.tension, + friction: initialState.friction + }; + return { + dx: state.v, + dv: springAccelerationForState(state) + }; + } + + function springIntegrateState(state, dt) { + var a = { + dx: state.v, + dv: springAccelerationForState(state) + }, + b = springEvaluateStateWithDerivative(state, dt * 0.5, a), + c = springEvaluateStateWithDerivative(state, dt * 0.5, b), + d = springEvaluateStateWithDerivative(state, dt, c), + dxdt = 1.0 / 6.0 * (a.dx + 2.0 * (b.dx + c.dx) + d.dx), + dvdt = 1.0 / 6.0 * (a.dv + 2.0 * (b.dv + c.dv) + d.dv); + state.x = state.x + dxdt * dt; + state.v = state.v + dvdt * dt; + return state; + } + + return function springRK4Factory(tension, friction, duration) { + var initState = { + x: -1, + v: 0, + tension: null, + friction: null + }, + path = [0], + time_lapsed = 0, + tolerance = 1 / 10000, + DT = 16 / 1000, + have_duration, + dt, + last_state; + tension = parseFloat(tension) || 500; + friction = parseFloat(friction) || 20; + duration = duration || null; + initState.tension = tension; + initState.friction = friction; + have_duration = duration !== null; + /* Calculate the actual time it takes for this animation to complete with the provided conditions. */ + + if (have_duration) { + /* Run the simulation without a duration. */ + time_lapsed = springRK4Factory(tension, friction); + /* Compute the adjusted time delta. */ + + dt = time_lapsed / duration * DT; + } else { + dt = DT; + } + + for (;;) { + /* Next/step function .*/ + last_state = springIntegrateState(last_state || initState, dt); + /* Store the position. */ + + path.push(1 + last_state.x); + time_lapsed += 16; + /* If the change threshold is reached, break. */ + + if (!(Math.abs(last_state.x) > tolerance && Math.abs(last_state.v) > tolerance)) { + break; + } + } + /* If duration is not defined, return the actual time required for completing this animation. Otherwise, return a closure that holds the + computed path and returns a snapshot of the position according to a given percentComplete. */ + + + return !have_duration ? time_lapsed : function (percentComplete) { + return path[percentComplete * (path.length - 1) | 0]; + }; + }; +}(); + +var cubicBezier = function cubicBezier(t1, p1, t2, p2) { + var bezier = generateCubicBezier(t1, p1, t2, p2); + return function (start, end, percent) { + return start + (end - start) * bezier(percent); + }; +}; + +var easings = { + 'linear': function linear(start, end, percent) { + return start + (end - start) * percent; + }, + // default easings + 'ease': cubicBezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1), + 'ease-in': cubicBezier(0.42, 0, 1, 1), + 'ease-out': cubicBezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1), + 'ease-in-out': cubicBezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1), + // sine + 'ease-in-sine': cubicBezier(0.47, 0, 0.745, 0.715), + 'ease-out-sine': cubicBezier(0.39, 0.575, 0.565, 1), + 'ease-in-out-sine': cubicBezier(0.445, 0.05, 0.55, 0.95), + // quad + 'ease-in-quad': cubicBezier(0.55, 0.085, 0.68, 0.53), + 'ease-out-quad': cubicBezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94), + 'ease-in-out-quad': cubicBezier(0.455, 0.03, 0.515, 0.955), + // cubic + 'ease-in-cubic': cubicBezier(0.55, 0.055, 0.675, 0.19), + 'ease-out-cubic': cubicBezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1), + 'ease-in-out-cubic': cubicBezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1), + // quart + 'ease-in-quart': cubicBezier(0.895, 0.03, 0.685, 0.22), + 'ease-out-quart': cubicBezier(0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1), + 'ease-in-out-quart': cubicBezier(0.77, 0, 0.175, 1), + // quint + 'ease-in-quint': cubicBezier(0.755, 0.05, 0.855, 0.06), + 'ease-out-quint': cubicBezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1), + 'ease-in-out-quint': cubicBezier(0.86, 0, 0.07, 1), + // expo + 'ease-in-expo': cubicBezier(0.95, 0.05, 0.795, 0.035), + 'ease-out-expo': cubicBezier(0.19, 1, 0.22, 1), + 'ease-in-out-expo': cubicBezier(1, 0, 0, 1), + // circ + 'ease-in-circ': cubicBezier(0.6, 0.04, 0.98, 0.335), + 'ease-out-circ': cubicBezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1), + 'ease-in-out-circ': cubicBezier(0.785, 0.135, 0.15, 0.86), + // user param easings... + 'spring': function spring(tension, friction, duration) { + if (duration === 0) { + // can't get a spring w/ duration 0 + return easings.linear; // duration 0 => jump to end so impl doesn't matter + } + + var spring = generateSpringRK4(tension, friction, duration); + return function (start, end, percent) { + return start + (end - start) * spring(percent); + }; + }, + 'cubic-bezier': cubicBezier +}; + +function getEasedValue(type, start, end, percent, easingFn) { + if (percent === 1) { + return end; + } + + if (start === end) { + return end; + } + + var val = easingFn(start, end, percent); + + if (type == null) { + return val; + } + + if (type.roundValue || type.color) { + val = Math.round(val); + } + + if (type.min !== undefined) { + val = Math.max(val, type.min); + } + + if (type.max !== undefined) { + val = Math.min(val, type.max); + } + + return val; +} + +function getValue(prop, spec) { + if (prop.pfValue != null || prop.value != null) { + if (prop.pfValue != null && (spec == null || spec.type.units !== '%')) { + return prop.pfValue; + } else { + return prop.value; + } + } else { + return prop; + } +} + +function ease(startProp, endProp, percent, easingFn, propSpec) { + var type = propSpec != null ? propSpec.type : null; + + if (percent < 0) { + percent = 0; + } else if (percent > 1) { + percent = 1; + } + + var start = getValue(startProp, propSpec); + var end = getValue(endProp, propSpec); + + if (number$1(start) && number$1(end)) { + return getEasedValue(type, start, end, percent, easingFn); + } else if (array(start) && array(end)) { + var easedArr = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < end.length; i++) { + var si = start[i]; + var ei = end[i]; + + if (si != null && ei != null) { + var val = getEasedValue(type, si, ei, percent, easingFn); + easedArr.push(val); + } else { + easedArr.push(ei); + } + } + + return easedArr; + } + + return undefined; +} + +function step$1(self, ani, now, isCore) { + var isEles = !isCore; + var _p = self._private; + var ani_p = ani._private; + var pEasing = ani_p.easing; + var startTime = ani_p.startTime; + var cy = isCore ? self : self.cy(); + var style = cy.style(); + + if (!ani_p.easingImpl) { + if (pEasing == null) { + // use default + ani_p.easingImpl = easings['linear']; + } else { + // then define w/ name + var easingVals; + + if (string(pEasing)) { + var easingProp = style.parse('transition-timing-function', pEasing); + easingVals = easingProp.value; + } else { + // then assume preparsed array + easingVals = pEasing; + } + + var name, args; + + if (string(easingVals)) { + name = easingVals; + args = []; + } else { + name = easingVals[1]; + args = easingVals.slice(2).map(function (n) { + return +n; + }); + } + + if (args.length > 0) { + // create with args + if (name === 'spring') { + args.push(ani_p.duration); // need duration to generate spring + } + + ani_p.easingImpl = easings[name].apply(null, args); + } else { + // static impl by name + ani_p.easingImpl = easings[name]; + } + } + } + + var easing = ani_p.easingImpl; + var percent; + + if (ani_p.duration === 0) { + percent = 1; + } else { + percent = (now - startTime) / ani_p.duration; + } + + if (ani_p.applying) { + percent = ani_p.progress; + } + + if (percent < 0) { + percent = 0; + } else if (percent > 1) { + percent = 1; + } + + if (ani_p.delay == null) { + // then update + var startPos = ani_p.startPosition; + var endPos = ani_p.position; + + if (endPos && isEles && !self.locked()) { + var newPos = {}; + + if (valid(startPos.x, endPos.x)) { + newPos.x = ease(startPos.x, endPos.x, percent, easing); + } + + if (valid(startPos.y, endPos.y)) { + newPos.y = ease(startPos.y, endPos.y, percent, easing); + } + + self.position(newPos); + } + + var startPan = ani_p.startPan; + var endPan = ani_p.pan; + var pan = _p.pan; + var animatingPan = endPan != null && isCore; + + if (animatingPan) { + if (valid(startPan.x, endPan.x)) { + pan.x = ease(startPan.x, endPan.x, percent, easing); + } + + if (valid(startPan.y, endPan.y)) { + pan.y = ease(startPan.y, endPan.y, percent, easing); + } + + self.emit('pan'); + } + + var startZoom = ani_p.startZoom; + var endZoom = ani_p.zoom; + var animatingZoom = endZoom != null && isCore; + + if (animatingZoom) { + if (valid(startZoom, endZoom)) { + _p.zoom = bound(_p.minZoom, ease(startZoom, endZoom, percent, easing), _p.maxZoom); + } + + self.emit('zoom'); + } + + if (animatingPan || animatingZoom) { + self.emit('viewport'); + } + + var props = ani_p.style; + + if (props && props.length > 0 && isEles) { + for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { + var prop = props[i]; + var _name = prop.name; + var end = prop; + var start = ani_p.startStyle[_name]; + var propSpec = style.properties[start.name]; + var easedVal = ease(start, end, percent, easing, propSpec); + style.overrideBypass(self, _name, easedVal); + } // for props + + + self.emit('style'); + } // if + + } + + ani_p.progress = percent; + return percent; +} + +function valid(start, end) { + if (start == null || end == null) { + return false; + } + + if (number$1(start) && number$1(end)) { + return true; + } else if (start && end) { + return true; + } + + return false; +} + +function startAnimation(self, ani, now, isCore) { + var ani_p = ani._private; + ani_p.started = true; + ani_p.startTime = now - ani_p.progress * ani_p.duration; +} + +function stepAll(now, cy) { + var eles = cy._private.aniEles; + var doneEles = []; + + function stepOne(ele, isCore) { + var _p = ele._private; + var current = _p.animation.current; + var queue = _p.animation.queue; + var ranAnis = false; // if nothing currently animating, get something from the queue + + if (current.length === 0) { + var next = queue.shift(); + + if (next) { + current.push(next); + } + } + + var callbacks = function callbacks(_callbacks) { + for (var j = _callbacks.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) { + var cb = _callbacks[j]; + cb(); + } + + _callbacks.splice(0, _callbacks.length); + }; // step and remove if done + + + for (var i = current.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var ani = current[i]; + var ani_p = ani._private; + + if (ani_p.stopped) { + current.splice(i, 1); + ani_p.hooked = false; + ani_p.playing = false; + ani_p.started = false; + callbacks(ani_p.frames); + continue; + } + + if (!ani_p.playing && !ani_p.applying) { + continue; + } // an apply() while playing shouldn't do anything + + + if (ani_p.playing && ani_p.applying) { + ani_p.applying = false; + } + + if (!ani_p.started) { + startAnimation(ele, ani, now); + } + + step$1(ele, ani, now, isCore); + + if (ani_p.applying) { + ani_p.applying = false; + } + + callbacks(ani_p.frames); + + if (ani_p.step != null) { + ani_p.step(now); + } + + if (ani.completed()) { + current.splice(i, 1); + ani_p.hooked = false; + ani_p.playing = false; + ani_p.started = false; + callbacks(ani_p.completes); + } + + ranAnis = true; + } + + if (!isCore && current.length === 0 && queue.length === 0) { + doneEles.push(ele); + } + + return ranAnis; + } // stepElement + // handle all eles + + + var ranEleAni = false; + + for (var e = 0; e < eles.length; e++) { + var ele = eles[e]; + var handledThisEle = stepOne(ele); + ranEleAni = ranEleAni || handledThisEle; + } // each element + + + var ranCoreAni = stepOne(cy, true); // notify renderer + + if (ranEleAni || ranCoreAni) { + if (eles.length > 0) { + cy.notify('draw', eles); + } else { + cy.notify('draw'); + } + } // remove elements from list of currently animating if its queues are empty + + + eles.unmerge(doneEles); + cy.emit('step'); +} // stepAll + +var corefn$8 = { + // pull in animation functions + animate: define.animate(), + animation: define.animation(), + animated: define.animated(), + clearQueue: define.clearQueue(), + delay: define.delay(), + delayAnimation: define.delayAnimation(), + stop: define.stop(), + addToAnimationPool: function addToAnimationPool(eles) { + var cy = this; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return; + } // save cycles when no style used + + + cy._private.aniEles.merge(eles); + }, + stopAnimationLoop: function stopAnimationLoop() { + this._private.animationsRunning = false; + }, + startAnimationLoop: function startAnimationLoop() { + var cy = this; + cy._private.animationsRunning = true; + + if (!cy.styleEnabled()) { + return; + } // save cycles when no style used + // NB the animation loop will exec in headless environments if style enabled + // and explicit cy.destroy() is necessary to stop the loop + + + function headlessStep() { + if (!cy._private.animationsRunning) { + return; + } + + requestAnimationFrame(function animationStep(now) { + stepAll(now, cy); + headlessStep(); + }); + } + + var renderer = cy.renderer(); + + if (renderer && renderer.beforeRender) { + // let the renderer schedule animations + renderer.beforeRender(function rendererAnimationStep(willDraw, now) { + stepAll(now, cy); + }, renderer.beforeRenderPriorities.animations); + } else { + // manage the animation loop ourselves + headlessStep(); // first call + } + } +}; + +var emitterOptions = { + qualifierCompare: function qualifierCompare(selector1, selector2) { + if (selector1 == null || selector2 == null) { + return selector1 == null && selector2 == null; + } else { + return selector1.sameText(selector2); + } + }, + eventMatches: function eventMatches(cy, listener, eventObj) { + var selector = listener.qualifier; + + if (selector != null) { + return cy !== eventObj.target && element(eventObj.target) && selector.matches(eventObj.target); + } + + return true; + }, + addEventFields: function addEventFields(cy, evt) { + evt.cy = cy; + evt.target = cy; + }, + callbackContext: function callbackContext(cy, listener, eventObj) { + return listener.qualifier != null ? eventObj.target : cy; + } +}; + +var argSelector = function argSelector(arg) { + if (string(arg)) { + return new Selector(arg); + } else { + return arg; + } +}; + +var elesfn = { + createEmitter: function createEmitter() { + var _p = this._private; + + if (!_p.emitter) { + _p.emitter = new Emitter(emitterOptions, this); + } + + return this; + }, + emitter: function emitter() { + return this._private.emitter; + }, + on: function on(events, selector, callback) { + this.emitter().on(events, argSelector(selector), callback); + return this; + }, + removeListener: function removeListener(events, selector, callback) { + this.emitter().removeListener(events, argSelector(selector), callback); + return this; + }, + removeAllListeners: function removeAllListeners() { + this.emitter().removeAllListeners(); + return this; + }, + one: function one(events, selector, callback) { + this.emitter().one(events, argSelector(selector), callback); + return this; + }, + once: function once(events, selector, callback) { + this.emitter().one(events, argSelector(selector), callback); + return this; + }, + emit: function emit(events, extraParams) { + this.emitter().emit(events, extraParams); + return this; + }, + emitAndNotify: function emitAndNotify(event, eles) { + this.emit(event); + this.notify(event, eles); + return this; + } +}; +define.eventAliasesOn(elesfn); + +var corefn$7 = { + png: function png(options) { + var renderer = this._private.renderer; + options = options || {}; + return renderer.png(options); + }, + jpg: function jpg(options) { + var renderer = this._private.renderer; + options = options || {}; + options.bg = options.bg || '#fff'; + return renderer.jpg(options); + } +}; +corefn$7.jpeg = corefn$7.jpg; + +var corefn$6 = { + layout: function layout(options) { + var cy = this; + + if (options == null) { + error('Layout options must be specified to make a layout'); + return; + } + + if (options.name == null) { + error('A `name` must be specified to make a layout'); + return; + } + + var name = options.name; + var Layout = cy.extension('layout', name); + + if (Layout == null) { + error('No such layout `' + name + '` found. Did you forget to import it and `cytoscape.use()` it?'); + return; + } + + var eles; + + if (string(options.eles)) { + eles = cy.$(options.eles); + } else { + eles = options.eles != null ? options.eles : cy.$(); + } + + var layout = new Layout(extend({}, options, { + cy: cy, + eles: eles + })); + return layout; + } +}; +corefn$6.createLayout = corefn$6.makeLayout = corefn$6.layout; + +var corefn$5 = { + notify: function notify(eventName, eventEles) { + var _p = this._private; + + if (this.batching()) { + _p.batchNotifications = _p.batchNotifications || {}; + var eles = _p.batchNotifications[eventName] = _p.batchNotifications[eventName] || this.collection(); + + if (eventEles != null) { + eles.merge(eventEles); + } + + return; // notifications are disabled during batching + } + + if (!_p.notificationsEnabled) { + return; + } // exit on disabled + + + var renderer = this.renderer(); // exit if destroy() called on core or renderer in between frames #1499 #1528 + + if (this.destroyed() || !renderer) { + return; + } + + renderer.notify(eventName, eventEles); + }, + notifications: function notifications(bool) { + var p = this._private; + + if (bool === undefined) { + return p.notificationsEnabled; + } else { + p.notificationsEnabled = bool ? true : false; + } + + return this; + }, + noNotifications: function noNotifications(callback) { + this.notifications(false); + callback(); + this.notifications(true); + }, + batching: function batching() { + return this._private.batchCount > 0; + }, + startBatch: function startBatch() { + var _p = this._private; + + if (_p.batchCount == null) { + _p.batchCount = 0; + } + + if (_p.batchCount === 0) { + _p.batchStyleEles = this.collection(); + _p.batchNotifications = {}; + } + + _p.batchCount++; + return this; + }, + endBatch: function endBatch() { + var _p = this._private; + + if (_p.batchCount === 0) { + return this; + } + + _p.batchCount--; + + if (_p.batchCount === 0) { + // update style for dirty eles + _p.batchStyleEles.updateStyle(); + + var renderer = this.renderer(); // notify the renderer of queued eles and event types + + Object.keys(_p.batchNotifications).forEach(function (eventName) { + var eles = _p.batchNotifications[eventName]; + + if (eles.empty()) { + renderer.notify(eventName); + } else { + renderer.notify(eventName, eles); + } + }); + } + + return this; + }, + batch: function batch(callback) { + this.startBatch(); + callback(); + this.endBatch(); + return this; + }, + // for backwards compatibility + batchData: function batchData(map) { + var cy = this; + return this.batch(function () { + var ids = Object.keys(map); + + for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) { + var id = ids[i]; + var data = map[id]; + var ele = cy.getElementById(id); + ele.data(data); + } + }); + } +}; + +var rendererDefaults = defaults$g({ + hideEdgesOnViewport: false, + textureOnViewport: false, + motionBlur: false, + motionBlurOpacity: 0.05, + pixelRatio: undefined, + desktopTapThreshold: 4, + touchTapThreshold: 8, + wheelSensitivity: 1, + debug: false, + showFps: false +}); +var corefn$4 = { + renderTo: function renderTo(context, zoom, pan, pxRatio) { + var r = this._private.renderer; + r.renderTo(context, zoom, pan, pxRatio); + return this; + }, + renderer: function renderer() { + return this._private.renderer; + }, + forceRender: function forceRender() { + this.notify('draw'); + return this; + }, + resize: function resize() { + this.invalidateSize(); + this.emitAndNotify('resize'); + return this; + }, + initRenderer: function initRenderer(options) { + var cy = this; + var RendererProto = cy.extension('renderer', options.name); + + if (RendererProto == null) { + error("Can not initialise: No such renderer `".concat(options.name, "` found. Did you forget to import it and `cytoscape.use()` it?")); + return; + } + + if (options.wheelSensitivity !== undefined) { + warn("You have set a custom wheel sensitivity. This will make your app zoom unnaturally when using mainstream mice. You should change this value from the default only if you can guarantee that all your users will use the same hardware and OS configuration as your current machine."); + } + + var rOpts = rendererDefaults(options); + rOpts.cy = cy; + cy._private.renderer = new RendererProto(rOpts); + this.notify('init'); + }, + destroyRenderer: function destroyRenderer() { + var cy = this; + cy.notify('destroy'); // destroy the renderer + + var domEle = cy.container(); + + if (domEle) { + domEle._cyreg = null; + + while (domEle.childNodes.length > 0) { + domEle.removeChild(domEle.childNodes[0]); + } + } + + cy._private.renderer = null; // to be extra safe, remove the ref + + cy.mutableElements().forEach(function (ele) { + var _p = ele._private; + _p.rscratch = {}; + _p.rstyle = {}; + _p.animation.current = []; + _p.animation.queue = []; + }); + }, + onRender: function onRender(fn) { + return this.on('render', fn); + }, + offRender: function offRender(fn) { + return this.off('render', fn); + } +}; +corefn$4.invalidateDimensions = corefn$4.resize; + +var corefn$3 = { + // get a collection + // - empty collection on no args + // - collection of elements in the graph on selector arg + // - guarantee a returned collection when elements or collection specified + collection: function collection(eles, opts) { + if (string(eles)) { + return this.$(eles); + } else if (elementOrCollection(eles)) { + return eles.collection(); + } else if (array(eles)) { + if (!opts) { + opts = {}; + } + + return new Collection(this, eles, opts.unique, opts.removed); + } + + return new Collection(this); + }, + nodes: function nodes(selector) { + var nodes = this.$(function (ele) { + return ele.isNode(); + }); + + if (selector) { + return nodes.filter(selector); + } + + return nodes; + }, + edges: function edges(selector) { + var edges = this.$(function (ele) { + return ele.isEdge(); + }); + + if (selector) { + return edges.filter(selector); + } + + return edges; + }, + // search the graph like jQuery + $: function $(selector) { + var eles = this._private.elements; + + if (selector) { + return eles.filter(selector); + } else { + return eles.spawnSelf(); + } + }, + mutableElements: function mutableElements() { + return this._private.elements; + } +}; // aliases + +corefn$3.elements = corefn$3.filter = corefn$3.$; + +var styfn$8 = {}; // keys for style blocks, e.g. ttfftt + +var TRUE = 't'; +var FALSE = 'f'; // (potentially expensive calculation) +// apply the style to the element based on +// - its bypass +// - what selectors match it + +styfn$8.apply = function (eles) { + var self = this; + var _p = self._private; + var cy = _p.cy; + var updatedEles = cy.collection(); + + for (var ie = 0; ie < eles.length; ie++) { + var ele = eles[ie]; + var cxtMeta = self.getContextMeta(ele); + + if (cxtMeta.empty) { + continue; + } + + var cxtStyle = self.getContextStyle(cxtMeta); + var app = self.applyContextStyle(cxtMeta, cxtStyle, ele); + + if (ele._private.appliedInitStyle) { + self.updateTransitions(ele, app.diffProps); + } else { + ele._private.appliedInitStyle = true; + } + + var hintsDiff = self.updateStyleHints(ele); + + if (hintsDiff) { + updatedEles.push(ele); + } + } // for elements + + + return updatedEles; +}; + +styfn$8.getPropertiesDiff = function (oldCxtKey, newCxtKey) { + var self = this; + var cache = self._private.propDiffs = self._private.propDiffs || {}; + var dualCxtKey = oldCxtKey + '-' + newCxtKey; + var cachedVal = cache[dualCxtKey]; + + if (cachedVal) { + return cachedVal; + } + + var diffProps = []; + var addedProp = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < self.length; i++) { + var cxt = self[i]; + var oldHasCxt = oldCxtKey[i] === TRUE; + var newHasCxt = newCxtKey[i] === TRUE; + var cxtHasDiffed = oldHasCxt !== newHasCxt; + var cxtHasMappedProps = cxt.mappedProperties.length > 0; + + if (cxtHasDiffed || newHasCxt && cxtHasMappedProps) { + var props = void 0; + + if (cxtHasDiffed && cxtHasMappedProps) { + props = cxt.properties; // suffices b/c mappedProperties is a subset of properties + } else if (cxtHasDiffed) { + props = cxt.properties; // need to check them all + } else if (cxtHasMappedProps) { + props = cxt.mappedProperties; // only need to check mapped + } + + for (var j = 0; j < props.length; j++) { + var prop = props[j]; + var name = prop.name; // if a later context overrides this property, then the fact that this context has switched/diffed doesn't matter + // (semi expensive check since it makes this function O(n^2) on context length, but worth it since overall result + // is cached) + + var laterCxtOverrides = false; + + for (var k = i + 1; k < self.length; k++) { + var laterCxt = self[k]; + var hasLaterCxt = newCxtKey[k] === TRUE; + + if (!hasLaterCxt) { + continue; + } // can't override unless the context is active + + + laterCxtOverrides = laterCxt.properties[prop.name] != null; + + if (laterCxtOverrides) { + break; + } // exit early as long as one later context overrides + + } + + if (!addedProp[name] && !laterCxtOverrides) { + addedProp[name] = true; + diffProps.push(name); + } + } // for props + + } // if + + } // for contexts + + + cache[dualCxtKey] = diffProps; + return diffProps; +}; + +styfn$8.getContextMeta = function (ele) { + var self = this; + var cxtKey = ''; + var diffProps; + var prevKey = ele._private.styleCxtKey || ''; // get the cxt key + + for (var i = 0; i < self.length; i++) { + var context = self[i]; + var contextSelectorMatches = context.selector && context.selector.matches(ele); // NB: context.selector may be null for 'core' + + if (contextSelectorMatches) { + cxtKey += TRUE; + } else { + cxtKey += FALSE; + } + } // for context + + + diffProps = self.getPropertiesDiff(prevKey, cxtKey); + ele._private.styleCxtKey = cxtKey; + return { + key: cxtKey, + diffPropNames: diffProps, + empty: diffProps.length === 0 + }; +}; // gets a computed ele style object based on matched contexts + + +styfn$8.getContextStyle = function (cxtMeta) { + var cxtKey = cxtMeta.key; + var self = this; + var cxtStyles = this._private.contextStyles = this._private.contextStyles || {}; // if already computed style, returned cached copy + + if (cxtStyles[cxtKey]) { + return cxtStyles[cxtKey]; + } + + var style = { + _private: { + key: cxtKey + } + }; + + for (var i = 0; i < self.length; i++) { + var cxt = self[i]; + var hasCxt = cxtKey[i] === TRUE; + + if (!hasCxt) { + continue; + } + + for (var j = 0; j < cxt.properties.length; j++) { + var prop = cxt.properties[j]; + style[prop.name] = prop; + } + } + + cxtStyles[cxtKey] = style; + return style; +}; + +styfn$8.applyContextStyle = function (cxtMeta, cxtStyle, ele) { + var self = this; + var diffProps = cxtMeta.diffPropNames; + var retDiffProps = {}; + var types = self.types; + + for (var i = 0; i < diffProps.length; i++) { + var diffPropName = diffProps[i]; + var cxtProp = cxtStyle[diffPropName]; + var eleProp = ele.pstyle(diffPropName); + + if (!cxtProp) { + // no context prop means delete + if (!eleProp) { + continue; // no existing prop means nothing needs to be removed + // nb affects initial application on mapped values like control-point-distances + } else if (eleProp.bypass) { + cxtProp = { + name: diffPropName, + deleteBypassed: true + }; + } else { + cxtProp = { + name: diffPropName, + "delete": true + }; + } + } // save cycles when the context prop doesn't need to be applied + + + if (eleProp === cxtProp) { + continue; + } // save cycles when a mapped context prop doesn't need to be applied + + + if (cxtProp.mapped === types.fn // context prop is function mapper + && eleProp != null // some props can be null even by default (e.g. a prop that overrides another one) + && eleProp.mapping != null // ele prop is a concrete value from from a mapper + && eleProp.mapping.value === cxtProp.value // the current prop on the ele is a flat prop value for the function mapper + ) { + // NB don't write to cxtProp, as it's shared among eles (stored in stylesheet) + var mapping = eleProp.mapping; // can write to mapping, as it's a per-ele copy + + var fnValue = mapping.fnValue = cxtProp.value(ele); // temporarily cache the value in case of a miss + + if (fnValue === mapping.prevFnValue) { + continue; + } + } + + var retDiffProp = retDiffProps[diffPropName] = { + prev: eleProp + }; + self.applyParsedProperty(ele, cxtProp); + retDiffProp.next = ele.pstyle(diffPropName); + + if (retDiffProp.next && retDiffProp.next.bypass) { + retDiffProp.next = retDiffProp.next.bypassed; + } + } + + return { + diffProps: retDiffProps + }; +}; + +styfn$8.updateStyleHints = function (ele) { + var _p = ele._private; + var self = this; + var propNames = self.propertyGroupNames; + var propGrKeys = self.propertyGroupKeys; + + var propHash = function propHash(ele, propNames, seedKey) { + return self.getPropertiesHash(ele, propNames, seedKey); + }; + + var oldStyleKey = _p.styleKey; + + if (ele.removed()) { + return false; + } + + var isNode = _p.group === 'nodes'; // get the style key hashes per prop group + // but lazily -- only use non-default prop values to reduce the number of hashes + // + + var overriddenStyles = ele._private.style; + propNames = Object.keys(overriddenStyles); + + for (var i = 0; i < propGrKeys.length; i++) { + var grKey = propGrKeys[i]; + _p.styleKeys[grKey] = [DEFAULT_HASH_SEED, DEFAULT_HASH_SEED_ALT]; + } + + var updateGrKey1 = function updateGrKey1(val, grKey) { + return _p.styleKeys[grKey][0] = hashInt(val, _p.styleKeys[grKey][0]); + }; + + var updateGrKey2 = function updateGrKey2(val, grKey) { + return _p.styleKeys[grKey][1] = hashIntAlt(val, _p.styleKeys[grKey][1]); + }; + + var updateGrKey = function updateGrKey(val, grKey) { + updateGrKey1(val, grKey); + updateGrKey2(val, grKey); + }; + + var updateGrKeyWStr = function updateGrKeyWStr(strVal, grKey) { + for (var j = 0; j < strVal.length; j++) { + var ch = strVal.charCodeAt(j); + updateGrKey1(ch, grKey); + updateGrKey2(ch, grKey); + } + }; // - hashing works on 32 bit ints b/c we use bitwise ops + // - small numbers get cut off (e.g. 0.123 is seen as 0 by the hashing function) + // - raise up small numbers so more significant digits are seen by hashing + // - make small numbers larger than a normal value to avoid collisions + // - works in practice and it's relatively cheap + + + var N = 2000000000; + + var cleanNum = function cleanNum(val) { + return -128 < val && val < 128 && Math.floor(val) !== val ? N - (val * 1024 | 0) : val; + }; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < propNames.length; _i++) { + var name = propNames[_i]; + var parsedProp = overriddenStyles[name]; + + if (parsedProp == null) { + continue; + } + + var propInfo = this.properties[name]; + var type = propInfo.type; + var _grKey = propInfo.groupKey; + var normalizedNumberVal = void 0; + + if (propInfo.hashOverride != null) { + normalizedNumberVal = propInfo.hashOverride(ele, parsedProp); + } else if (parsedProp.pfValue != null) { + normalizedNumberVal = parsedProp.pfValue; + } // might not be a number if it allows enums + + + var numberVal = propInfo.enums == null ? parsedProp.value : null; + var haveNormNum = normalizedNumberVal != null; + var haveUnitedNum = numberVal != null; + var haveNum = haveNormNum || haveUnitedNum; + var units = parsedProp.units; // numbers are cheaper to hash than strings + // 1 hash op vs n hash ops (for length n string) + + if (type.number && haveNum && !type.multiple) { + var v = haveNormNum ? normalizedNumberVal : numberVal; + updateGrKey(cleanNum(v), _grKey); + + if (!haveNormNum && units != null) { + updateGrKeyWStr(units, _grKey); + } + } else { + updateGrKeyWStr(parsedProp.strValue, _grKey); + } + } // overall style key + // + + + var hash = [DEFAULT_HASH_SEED, DEFAULT_HASH_SEED_ALT]; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < propGrKeys.length; _i2++) { + var _grKey2 = propGrKeys[_i2]; + var grHash = _p.styleKeys[_grKey2]; + hash[0] = hashInt(grHash[0], hash[0]); + hash[1] = hashIntAlt(grHash[1], hash[1]); + } + + _p.styleKey = combineHashes(hash[0], hash[1]); // label dims + // + + var sk = _p.styleKeys; + _p.labelDimsKey = combineHashesArray(sk.labelDimensions); + var labelKeys = propHash(ele, ['label'], sk.labelDimensions); + _p.labelKey = combineHashesArray(labelKeys); + _p.labelStyleKey = combineHashesArray(hashArrays(sk.commonLabel, labelKeys)); + + if (!isNode) { + var sourceLabelKeys = propHash(ele, ['source-label'], sk.labelDimensions); + _p.sourceLabelKey = combineHashesArray(sourceLabelKeys); + _p.sourceLabelStyleKey = combineHashesArray(hashArrays(sk.commonLabel, sourceLabelKeys)); + var targetLabelKeys = propHash(ele, ['target-label'], sk.labelDimensions); + _p.targetLabelKey = combineHashesArray(targetLabelKeys); + _p.targetLabelStyleKey = combineHashesArray(hashArrays(sk.commonLabel, targetLabelKeys)); + } // node + // + + + if (isNode) { + var _p$styleKeys = _p.styleKeys, + nodeBody = _p$styleKeys.nodeBody, + nodeBorder = _p$styleKeys.nodeBorder, + backgroundImage = _p$styleKeys.backgroundImage, + compound = _p$styleKeys.compound, + pie = _p$styleKeys.pie; + var nodeKeys = [nodeBody, nodeBorder, backgroundImage, compound, pie].filter(function (k) { + return k != null; + }).reduce(hashArrays, [DEFAULT_HASH_SEED, DEFAULT_HASH_SEED_ALT]); + _p.nodeKey = combineHashesArray(nodeKeys); + _p.hasPie = pie != null && pie[0] !== DEFAULT_HASH_SEED && pie[1] !== DEFAULT_HASH_SEED_ALT; + } + + return oldStyleKey !== _p.styleKey; +}; + +styfn$8.clearStyleHints = function (ele) { + var _p = ele._private; + _p.styleCxtKey = ''; + _p.styleKeys = {}; + _p.styleKey = null; + _p.labelKey = null; + _p.labelStyleKey = null; + _p.sourceLabelKey = null; + _p.sourceLabelStyleKey = null; + _p.targetLabelKey = null; + _p.targetLabelStyleKey = null; + _p.nodeKey = null; + _p.hasPie = null; +}; // apply a property to the style (for internal use) +// returns whether application was successful +// +// now, this function flattens the property, and here's how: +// +// for parsedProp:{ bypass: true, deleteBypass: true } +// no property is generated, instead the bypass property in the +// element's style is replaced by what's pointed to by the `bypassed` +// field in the bypass property (i.e. restoring the property the +// bypass was overriding) +// +// for parsedProp:{ mapped: truthy } +// the generated flattenedProp:{ mapping: prop } +// +// for parsedProp:{ bypass: true } +// the generated flattenedProp:{ bypassed: parsedProp } + + +styfn$8.applyParsedProperty = function (ele, parsedProp) { + var self = this; + var prop = parsedProp; + var style = ele._private.style; + var flatProp; + var types = self.types; + var type = self.properties[prop.name].type; + var propIsBypass = prop.bypass; + var origProp = style[prop.name]; + var origPropIsBypass = origProp && origProp.bypass; + var _p = ele._private; + var flatPropMapping = 'mapping'; + + var getVal = function getVal(p) { + if (p == null) { + return null; + } else if (p.pfValue != null) { + return p.pfValue; + } else { + return p.value; + } + }; + + var checkTriggers = function checkTriggers() { + var fromVal = getVal(origProp); + var toVal = getVal(prop); + self.checkTriggers(ele, prop.name, fromVal, toVal); + }; + + if (prop && prop.name.substr(0, 3) === 'pie') { + warn('The pie style properties are deprecated. Create charts using background images instead.'); + } // edge sanity checks to prevent the client from making serious mistakes + + + if (parsedProp.name === 'curve-style' && ele.isEdge() && ( // loops must be bundled beziers + parsedProp.value !== 'bezier' && ele.isLoop() || // edges connected to compound nodes can not be haystacks + parsedProp.value === 'haystack' && (ele.source().isParent() || ele.target().isParent()))) { + prop = parsedProp = this.parse(parsedProp.name, 'bezier', propIsBypass); + } + + if (prop["delete"]) { + // delete the property and use the default value on falsey value + style[prop.name] = undefined; + checkTriggers(); + return true; + } + + if (prop.deleteBypassed) { + // delete the property that the + if (!origProp) { + checkTriggers(); + return true; // can't delete if no prop + } else if (origProp.bypass) { + // delete bypassed + origProp.bypassed = undefined; + checkTriggers(); + return true; + } else { + return false; // we're unsuccessful deleting the bypassed + } + } // check if we need to delete the current bypass + + + if (prop.deleteBypass) { + // then this property is just here to indicate we need to delete + if (!origProp) { + checkTriggers(); + return true; // property is already not defined + } else if (origProp.bypass) { + // then replace the bypass property with the original + // because the bypassed property was already applied (and therefore parsed), we can just replace it (no reapplying necessary) + style[prop.name] = origProp.bypassed; + checkTriggers(); + return true; + } else { + return false; // we're unsuccessful deleting the bypass + } + } + + var printMappingErr = function printMappingErr() { + warn('Do not assign mappings to elements without corresponding data (i.e. ele `' + ele.id() + '` has no mapping for property `' + prop.name + '` with data field `' + prop.field + '`); try a `[' + prop.field + ']` selector to limit scope to elements with `' + prop.field + '` defined'); + }; // put the property in the style objects + + + switch (prop.mapped) { + // flatten the property if mapped + case types.mapData: + { + // flatten the field (e.g. data.foo.bar) + var fields = prop.field.split('.'); + var fieldVal = _p.data; + + for (var i = 0; i < fields.length && fieldVal; i++) { + var field = fields[i]; + fieldVal = fieldVal[field]; + } + + if (fieldVal == null) { + printMappingErr(); + return false; + } + + var percent; + + if (!number$1(fieldVal)) { + // then don't apply and fall back on the existing style + warn('Do not use continuous mappers without specifying numeric data (i.e. `' + prop.field + ': ' + fieldVal + '` for `' + ele.id() + '` is non-numeric)'); + return false; + } else { + var fieldWidth = prop.fieldMax - prop.fieldMin; + + if (fieldWidth === 0) { + // safety check -- not strictly necessary as no props of zero range should be passed here + percent = 0; + } else { + percent = (fieldVal - prop.fieldMin) / fieldWidth; + } + } // make sure to bound percent value + + + if (percent < 0) { + percent = 0; + } else if (percent > 1) { + percent = 1; + } + + if (type.color) { + var r1 = prop.valueMin[0]; + var r2 = prop.valueMax[0]; + var g1 = prop.valueMin[1]; + var g2 = prop.valueMax[1]; + var b1 = prop.valueMin[2]; + var b2 = prop.valueMax[2]; + var a1 = prop.valueMin[3] == null ? 1 : prop.valueMin[3]; + var a2 = prop.valueMax[3] == null ? 1 : prop.valueMax[3]; + var clr = [Math.round(r1 + (r2 - r1) * percent), Math.round(g1 + (g2 - g1) * percent), Math.round(b1 + (b2 - b1) * percent), Math.round(a1 + (a2 - a1) * percent)]; + flatProp = { + // colours are simple, so just create the flat property instead of expensive string parsing + bypass: prop.bypass, + // we're a bypass if the mapping property is a bypass + name: prop.name, + value: clr, + strValue: 'rgb(' + clr[0] + ', ' + clr[1] + ', ' + clr[2] + ')' + }; + } else if (type.number) { + var calcValue = prop.valueMin + (prop.valueMax - prop.valueMin) * percent; + flatProp = this.parse(prop.name, calcValue, prop.bypass, flatPropMapping); + } else { + return false; // can only map to colours and numbers + } + + if (!flatProp) { + // if we can't flatten the property, then don't apply the property and fall back on the existing style + printMappingErr(); + return false; + } + + flatProp.mapping = prop; // keep a reference to the mapping + + prop = flatProp; // the flattened (mapped) property is the one we want + + break; + } + // direct mapping + + case types.data: + { + // flatten the field (e.g. data.foo.bar) + var _fields = prop.field.split('.'); + + var _fieldVal = _p.data; + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < _fields.length && _fieldVal; _i3++) { + var _field = _fields[_i3]; + _fieldVal = _fieldVal[_field]; + } + + if (_fieldVal != null) { + flatProp = this.parse(prop.name, _fieldVal, prop.bypass, flatPropMapping); + } + + if (!flatProp) { + // if we can't flatten the property, then don't apply and fall back on the existing style + printMappingErr(); + return false; + } + + flatProp.mapping = prop; // keep a reference to the mapping + + prop = flatProp; // the flattened (mapped) property is the one we want + + break; + } + + case types.fn: + { + var fn = prop.value; + var fnRetVal = prop.fnValue != null ? prop.fnValue : fn(ele); // check for cached value before calling function + + prop.prevFnValue = fnRetVal; + + if (fnRetVal == null) { + warn('Custom function mappers may not return null (i.e. `' + prop.name + '` for ele `' + ele.id() + '` is null)'); + return false; + } + + flatProp = this.parse(prop.name, fnRetVal, prop.bypass, flatPropMapping); + + if (!flatProp) { + warn('Custom function mappers may not return invalid values for the property type (i.e. `' + prop.name + '` for ele `' + ele.id() + '` is invalid)'); + return false; + } + + flatProp.mapping = copy(prop); // keep a reference to the mapping + + prop = flatProp; // the flattened (mapped) property is the one we want + + break; + } + + case undefined: + break; + // just set the property + + default: + return false; + // not a valid mapping + } // if the property is a bypass property, then link the resultant property to the original one + + + if (propIsBypass) { + if (origPropIsBypass) { + // then this bypass overrides the existing one + prop.bypassed = origProp.bypassed; // steal bypassed prop from old bypass + } else { + // then link the orig prop to the new bypass + prop.bypassed = origProp; + } + + style[prop.name] = prop; // and set + } else { + // prop is not bypass + if (origPropIsBypass) { + // then keep the orig prop (since it's a bypass) and link to the new prop + origProp.bypassed = prop; + } else { + // then just replace the old prop with the new one + style[prop.name] = prop; + } + } + + checkTriggers(); + return true; +}; + +styfn$8.cleanElements = function (eles, keepBypasses) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + this.clearStyleHints(ele); + ele.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + ele.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); + + if (!keepBypasses) { + ele._private.style = {}; + } else { + var style = ele._private.style; + var propNames = Object.keys(style); + + for (var j = 0; j < propNames.length; j++) { + var propName = propNames[j]; + var eleProp = style[propName]; + + if (eleProp != null) { + if (eleProp.bypass) { + eleProp.bypassed = null; + } else { + style[propName] = null; + } + } + } + } + } +}; // updates the visual style for all elements (useful for manual style modification after init) + + +styfn$8.update = function () { + var cy = this._private.cy; + var eles = cy.mutableElements(); + eles.updateStyle(); +}; // diffProps : { name => { prev, next } } + + +styfn$8.updateTransitions = function (ele, diffProps) { + var self = this; + var _p = ele._private; + var props = ele.pstyle('transition-property').value; + var duration = ele.pstyle('transition-duration').pfValue; + var delay = ele.pstyle('transition-delay').pfValue; + + if (props.length > 0 && duration > 0) { + var style = {}; // build up the style to animate towards + + var anyPrev = false; + + for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { + var prop = props[i]; + var styProp = ele.pstyle(prop); + var diffProp = diffProps[prop]; + + if (!diffProp) { + continue; + } + + var prevProp = diffProp.prev; + var fromProp = prevProp; + var toProp = diffProp.next != null ? diffProp.next : styProp; + var diff = false; + var initVal = void 0; + var initDt = 0.000001; // delta time % value for initVal (allows animating out of init zero opacity) + + if (!fromProp) { + continue; + } // consider px values + + + if (number$1(fromProp.pfValue) && number$1(toProp.pfValue)) { + diff = toProp.pfValue - fromProp.pfValue; // nonzero is truthy + + initVal = fromProp.pfValue + initDt * diff; // consider numerical values + } else if (number$1(fromProp.value) && number$1(toProp.value)) { + diff = toProp.value - fromProp.value; // nonzero is truthy + + initVal = fromProp.value + initDt * diff; // consider colour values + } else if (array(fromProp.value) && array(toProp.value)) { + diff = fromProp.value[0] !== toProp.value[0] || fromProp.value[1] !== toProp.value[1] || fromProp.value[2] !== toProp.value[2]; + initVal = fromProp.strValue; + } // the previous value is good for an animation only if it's different + + + if (diff) { + style[prop] = toProp.strValue; // to val + + this.applyBypass(ele, prop, initVal); // from val + + anyPrev = true; + } + } // end if props allow ani + // can't transition if there's nothing previous to transition from + + + if (!anyPrev) { + return; + } + + _p.transitioning = true; + new Promise$1(function (resolve) { + if (delay > 0) { + ele.delayAnimation(delay).play().promise().then(resolve); + } else { + resolve(); + } + }).then(function () { + return ele.animation({ + style: style, + duration: duration, + easing: ele.pstyle('transition-timing-function').value, + queue: false + }).play().promise(); + }).then(function () { + // if( !isBypass ){ + self.removeBypasses(ele, props); + ele.emitAndNotify('style'); // } + + _p.transitioning = false; + }); + } else if (_p.transitioning) { + this.removeBypasses(ele, props); + ele.emitAndNotify('style'); + _p.transitioning = false; + } +}; + +styfn$8.checkTrigger = function (ele, name, fromValue, toValue, getTrigger, onTrigger) { + var prop = this.properties[name]; + var triggerCheck = getTrigger(prop); + + if (triggerCheck != null && triggerCheck(fromValue, toValue)) { + onTrigger(prop); + } +}; + +styfn$8.checkZOrderTrigger = function (ele, name, fromValue, toValue) { + var _this = this; + + this.checkTrigger(ele, name, fromValue, toValue, function (prop) { + return prop.triggersZOrder; + }, function () { + _this._private.cy.notify('zorder', ele); + }); +}; + +styfn$8.checkBoundsTrigger = function (ele, name, fromValue, toValue) { + this.checkTrigger(ele, name, fromValue, toValue, function (prop) { + return prop.triggersBounds; + }, function (prop) { + ele.dirtyCompoundBoundsCache(); + ele.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); // if the prop change makes the bb of pll bezier edges invalid, + // then dirty the pll edge bb cache as well + + if ( // only for beziers -- so performance of other edges isn't affected + prop.triggersBoundsOfParallelBeziers && (name === 'curve-style' && (fromValue === 'bezier' || toValue === 'bezier') || name === 'display' && (fromValue === 'none' || toValue === 'none'))) { + ele.parallelEdges().forEach(function (pllEdge) { + if (pllEdge.isBundledBezier()) { + pllEdge.dirtyBoundingBoxCache(); + } + }); + } + }); +}; + +styfn$8.checkTriggers = function (ele, name, fromValue, toValue) { + ele.dirtyStyleCache(); + this.checkZOrderTrigger(ele, name, fromValue, toValue); + this.checkBoundsTrigger(ele, name, fromValue, toValue); +}; + +var styfn$7 = {}; // bypasses are applied to an existing style on an element, and just tacked on temporarily +// returns true iff application was successful for at least 1 specified property + +styfn$7.applyBypass = function (eles, name, value, updateTransitions) { + var self = this; + var props = []; + var isBypass = true; // put all the properties (can specify one or many) in an array after parsing them + + if (name === '*' || name === '**') { + // apply to all property names + if (value !== undefined) { + for (var i = 0; i < self.properties.length; i++) { + var prop = self.properties[i]; + var _name = prop.name; + var parsedProp = this.parse(_name, value, true); + + if (parsedProp) { + props.push(parsedProp); + } + } + } + } else if (string(name)) { + // then parse the single property + var _parsedProp = this.parse(name, value, true); + + if (_parsedProp) { + props.push(_parsedProp); + } + } else if (plainObject(name)) { + // then parse each property + var specifiedProps = name; + updateTransitions = value; + var names = Object.keys(specifiedProps); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < names.length; _i++) { + var _name2 = names[_i]; + var _value = specifiedProps[_name2]; + + if (_value === undefined) { + // try camel case name too + _value = specifiedProps[dash2camel(_name2)]; + } + + if (_value !== undefined) { + var _parsedProp2 = this.parse(_name2, _value, true); + + if (_parsedProp2) { + props.push(_parsedProp2); + } + } + } + } else { + // can't do anything without well defined properties + return false; + } // we've failed if there are no valid properties + + + if (props.length === 0) { + return false; + } // now, apply the bypass properties on the elements + + + var ret = false; // return true if at least one succesful bypass applied + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < eles.length; _i2++) { + // for each ele + var ele = eles[_i2]; + var diffProps = {}; + var diffProp = void 0; + + for (var j = 0; j < props.length; j++) { + // for each prop + var _prop = props[j]; + + if (updateTransitions) { + var prevProp = ele.pstyle(_prop.name); + diffProp = diffProps[_prop.name] = { + prev: prevProp + }; + } + + ret = this.applyParsedProperty(ele, copy(_prop)) || ret; + + if (updateTransitions) { + diffProp.next = ele.pstyle(_prop.name); + } + } // for props + + + if (ret) { + this.updateStyleHints(ele); + } + + if (updateTransitions) { + this.updateTransitions(ele, diffProps, isBypass); + } + } // for eles + + + return ret; +}; // only useful in specific cases like animation + + +styfn$7.overrideBypass = function (eles, name, value) { + name = camel2dash(name); + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var prop = ele._private.style[name]; + var type = this.properties[name].type; + var isColor = type.color; + var isMulti = type.mutiple; + var oldValue = !prop ? null : prop.pfValue != null ? prop.pfValue : prop.value; + + if (!prop || !prop.bypass) { + // need a bypass if one doesn't exist + this.applyBypass(ele, name, value); + } else { + prop.value = value; + + if (prop.pfValue != null) { + prop.pfValue = value; + } + + if (isColor) { + prop.strValue = 'rgb(' + value.join(',') + ')'; + } else if (isMulti) { + prop.strValue = value.join(' '); + } else { + prop.strValue = '' + value; + } + + this.updateStyleHints(ele); + } + + this.checkTriggers(ele, name, oldValue, value); + } +}; + +styfn$7.removeAllBypasses = function (eles, updateTransitions) { + return this.removeBypasses(eles, this.propertyNames, updateTransitions); +}; + +styfn$7.removeBypasses = function (eles, props, updateTransitions) { + var isBypass = true; + + for (var j = 0; j < eles.length; j++) { + var ele = eles[j]; + var diffProps = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { + var name = props[i]; + var prop = this.properties[name]; + var prevProp = ele.pstyle(prop.name); + + if (!prevProp || !prevProp.bypass) { + // if a bypass doesn't exist for the prop, nothing needs to be removed + continue; + } + + var value = ''; // empty => remove bypass + + var parsedProp = this.parse(name, value, true); + var diffProp = diffProps[prop.name] = { + prev: prevProp + }; + this.applyParsedProperty(ele, parsedProp); + diffProp.next = ele.pstyle(prop.name); + } // for props + + + this.updateStyleHints(ele); + + if (updateTransitions) { + this.updateTransitions(ele, diffProps, isBypass); + } + } // for eles + +}; + +var styfn$6 = {}; // gets what an em size corresponds to in pixels relative to a dom element + +styfn$6.getEmSizeInPixels = function () { + var px = this.containerCss('font-size'); + + if (px != null) { + return parseFloat(px); + } else { + return 1; // for headless + } +}; // gets css property from the core container + + +styfn$6.containerCss = function (propName) { + var cy = this._private.cy; + var domElement = cy.container(); + + if (window$1 && domElement && window$1.getComputedStyle) { + return window$1.getComputedStyle(domElement).getPropertyValue(propName); + } +}; + +var styfn$5 = {}; // gets the rendered style for an element + +styfn$5.getRenderedStyle = function (ele, prop) { + if (prop) { + return this.getStylePropertyValue(ele, prop, true); + } else { + return this.getRawStyle(ele, true); + } +}; // gets the raw style for an element + + +styfn$5.getRawStyle = function (ele, isRenderedVal) { + var self = this; + ele = ele[0]; // insure it's an element + + if (ele) { + var rstyle = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < self.properties.length; i++) { + var prop = self.properties[i]; + var val = self.getStylePropertyValue(ele, prop.name, isRenderedVal); + + if (val != null) { + rstyle[prop.name] = val; + rstyle[dash2camel(prop.name)] = val; + } + } + + return rstyle; + } +}; + +styfn$5.getIndexedStyle = function (ele, property, subproperty, index) { + var pstyle = ele.pstyle(property)[subproperty][index]; + return pstyle != null ? pstyle : ele.cy().style().getDefaultProperty(property)[subproperty][0]; +}; + +styfn$5.getStylePropertyValue = function (ele, propName, isRenderedVal) { + var self = this; + ele = ele[0]; // insure it's an element + + if (ele) { + var prop = self.properties[propName]; + + if (prop.alias) { + prop = prop.pointsTo; + } + + var type = prop.type; + var styleProp = ele.pstyle(prop.name); + + if (styleProp) { + var value = styleProp.value, + units = styleProp.units, + strValue = styleProp.strValue; + + if (isRenderedVal && type.number && value != null && number$1(value)) { + var zoom = ele.cy().zoom(); + + var getRenderedValue = function getRenderedValue(val) { + return val * zoom; + }; + + var getValueStringWithUnits = function getValueStringWithUnits(val, units) { + return getRenderedValue(val) + units; + }; + + var isArrayValue = array(value); + var haveUnits = isArrayValue ? units.every(function (u) { + return u != null; + }) : units != null; + + if (haveUnits) { + if (isArrayValue) { + return value.map(function (v, i) { + return getValueStringWithUnits(v, units[i]); + }).join(' '); + } else { + return getValueStringWithUnits(value, units); + } + } else { + if (isArrayValue) { + return value.map(function (v) { + return string(v) ? v : '' + getRenderedValue(v); + }).join(' '); + } else { + return '' + getRenderedValue(value); + } + } + } else if (strValue != null) { + return strValue; + } + } + + return null; + } +}; + +styfn$5.getAnimationStartStyle = function (ele, aniProps) { + var rstyle = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < aniProps.length; i++) { + var aniProp = aniProps[i]; + var name = aniProp.name; + var styleProp = ele.pstyle(name); + + if (styleProp !== undefined) { + // then make a prop of it + if (plainObject(styleProp)) { + styleProp = this.parse(name, styleProp.strValue); + } else { + styleProp = this.parse(name, styleProp); + } + } + + if (styleProp) { + rstyle[name] = styleProp; + } + } + + return rstyle; +}; + +styfn$5.getPropsList = function (propsObj) { + var self = this; + var rstyle = []; + var style = propsObj; + var props = self.properties; + + if (style) { + var names = Object.keys(style); + + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) { + var name = names[i]; + var val = style[name]; + var prop = props[name] || props[camel2dash(name)]; + var styleProp = this.parse(prop.name, val); + + if (styleProp) { + rstyle.push(styleProp); + } + } + } + + return rstyle; +}; + +styfn$5.getNonDefaultPropertiesHash = function (ele, propNames, seed) { + var hash = seed.slice(); + var name, val, strVal, chVal; + var i, j; + + for (i = 0; i < propNames.length; i++) { + name = propNames[i]; + val = ele.pstyle(name, false); + + if (val == null) { + continue; + } else if (val.pfValue != null) { + hash[0] = hashInt(chVal, hash[0]); + hash[1] = hashIntAlt(chVal, hash[1]); + } else { + strVal = val.strValue; + + for (j = 0; j < strVal.length; j++) { + chVal = strVal.charCodeAt(j); + hash[0] = hashInt(chVal, hash[0]); + hash[1] = hashIntAlt(chVal, hash[1]); + } + } + } + + return hash; +}; + +styfn$5.getPropertiesHash = styfn$5.getNonDefaultPropertiesHash; + +var styfn$4 = {}; + +styfn$4.appendFromJson = function (json) { + var style = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < json.length; i++) { + var context = json[i]; + var selector = context.selector; + var props = context.style || context.css; + var names = Object.keys(props); + style.selector(selector); // apply selector + + for (var j = 0; j < names.length; j++) { + var name = names[j]; + var value = props[name]; + style.css(name, value); // apply property + } + } + + return style; +}; // accessible cy.style() function + + +styfn$4.fromJson = function (json) { + var style = this; + style.resetToDefault(); + style.appendFromJson(json); + return style; +}; // get json from cy.style() api + + +styfn$4.json = function () { + var json = []; + + for (var i = this.defaultLength; i < this.length; i++) { + var cxt = this[i]; + var selector = cxt.selector; + var props = cxt.properties; + var css = {}; + + for (var j = 0; j < props.length; j++) { + var prop = props[j]; + css[prop.name] = prop.strValue; + } + + json.push({ + selector: !selector ? 'core' : selector.toString(), + style: css + }); + } + + return json; +}; + +var styfn$3 = {}; + +styfn$3.appendFromString = function (string) { + var self = this; + var style = this; + var remaining = '' + string; + var selAndBlockStr; + var blockRem; + var propAndValStr; // remove comments from the style string + + remaining = remaining.replace(/[/][*](\s|.)+?[*][/]/g, ''); + + function removeSelAndBlockFromRemaining() { + // remove the parsed selector and block from the remaining text to parse + if (remaining.length > selAndBlockStr.length) { + remaining = remaining.substr(selAndBlockStr.length); + } else { + remaining = ''; + } + } + + function removePropAndValFromRem() { + // remove the parsed property and value from the remaining block text to parse + if (blockRem.length > propAndValStr.length) { + blockRem = blockRem.substr(propAndValStr.length); + } else { + blockRem = ''; + } + } + + for (;;) { + var nothingLeftToParse = remaining.match(/^\s*$/); + + if (nothingLeftToParse) { + break; + } + + var selAndBlock = remaining.match(/^\s*((?:.|\s)+?)\s*\{((?:.|\s)+?)\}/); + + if (!selAndBlock) { + warn('Halting stylesheet parsing: String stylesheet contains more to parse but no selector and block found in: ' + remaining); + break; + } + + selAndBlockStr = selAndBlock[0]; // parse the selector + + var selectorStr = selAndBlock[1]; + + if (selectorStr !== 'core') { + var selector = new Selector(selectorStr); + + if (selector.invalid) { + warn('Skipping parsing of block: Invalid selector found in string stylesheet: ' + selectorStr); // skip this selector and block + + removeSelAndBlockFromRemaining(); + continue; + } + } // parse the block of properties and values + + + var blockStr = selAndBlock[2]; + var invalidBlock = false; + blockRem = blockStr; + var props = []; + + for (;;) { + var _nothingLeftToParse = blockRem.match(/^\s*$/); + + if (_nothingLeftToParse) { + break; + } + + var propAndVal = blockRem.match(/^\s*(.+?)\s*:\s*(.+?)(?:\s*;|\s*$)/); + + if (!propAndVal) { + warn('Skipping parsing of block: Invalid formatting of style property and value definitions found in:' + blockStr); + invalidBlock = true; + break; + } + + propAndValStr = propAndVal[0]; + var propStr = propAndVal[1]; + var valStr = propAndVal[2]; + var prop = self.properties[propStr]; + + if (!prop) { + warn('Skipping property: Invalid property name in: ' + propAndValStr); // skip this property in the block + + removePropAndValFromRem(); + continue; + } + + var parsedProp = style.parse(propStr, valStr); + + if (!parsedProp) { + warn('Skipping property: Invalid property definition in: ' + propAndValStr); // skip this property in the block + + removePropAndValFromRem(); + continue; + } + + props.push({ + name: propStr, + val: valStr + }); + removePropAndValFromRem(); + } + + if (invalidBlock) { + removeSelAndBlockFromRemaining(); + break; + } // put the parsed block in the style + + + style.selector(selectorStr); + + for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { + var _prop = props[i]; + style.css(_prop.name, _prop.val); + } + + removeSelAndBlockFromRemaining(); + } + + return style; +}; + +styfn$3.fromString = function (string) { + var style = this; + style.resetToDefault(); + style.appendFromString(string); + return style; +}; + +var styfn$2 = {}; + +(function () { + var number$1 = number; + var rgba = rgbaNoBackRefs; + var hsla = hslaNoBackRefs; + var hex3$1 = hex3; + var hex6$1 = hex6; + + var data = function data(prefix) { + return '^' + prefix + '\\s*\\(\\s*([\\w\\.]+)\\s*\\)$'; + }; + + var mapData = function mapData(prefix) { + var mapArg = number$1 + '|\\w+|' + rgba + '|' + hsla + '|' + hex3$1 + '|' + hex6$1; + return '^' + prefix + '\\s*\\(([\\w\\.]+)\\s*\\,\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*\\,\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*,\\s*(' + mapArg + ')\\s*\\,\\s*(' + mapArg + ')\\)$'; + }; + + var urlRegexes = ['^url\\s*\\(\\s*[\'"]?(.+?)[\'"]?\\s*\\)$', '^(none)$', '^(.+)$']; // each visual style property has a type and needs to be validated according to it + + styfn$2.types = { + time: { + number: true, + min: 0, + units: 's|ms', + implicitUnits: 'ms' + }, + percent: { + number: true, + min: 0, + max: 100, + units: '%', + implicitUnits: '%' + }, + percentages: { + number: true, + min: 0, + max: 100, + units: '%', + implicitUnits: '%', + multiple: true + }, + zeroOneNumber: { + number: true, + min: 0, + max: 1, + unitless: true + }, + zeroOneNumbers: { + number: true, + min: 0, + max: 1, + unitless: true, + multiple: true + }, + nOneOneNumber: { + number: true, + min: -1, + max: 1, + unitless: true + }, + nonNegativeInt: { + number: true, + min: 0, + integer: true, + unitless: true + }, + position: { + enums: ['parent', 'origin'] + }, + nodeSize: { + number: true, + min: 0, + enums: ['label'] + }, + number: { + number: true, + unitless: true + }, + numbers: { + number: true, + unitless: true, + multiple: true + }, + positiveNumber: { + number: true, + unitless: true, + min: 0, + strictMin: true + }, + size: { + number: true, + min: 0 + }, + bidirectionalSize: { + number: true + }, + // allows negative + bidirectionalSizeMaybePercent: { + number: true, + allowPercent: true + }, + // allows negative + bidirectionalSizes: { + number: true, + multiple: true + }, + // allows negative + sizeMaybePercent: { + number: true, + min: 0, + allowPercent: true + }, + axisDirection: { + enums: ['horizontal', 'leftward', 'rightward', 'vertical', 'upward', 'downward', 'auto'] + }, + paddingRelativeTo: { + enums: ['width', 'height', 'average', 'min', 'max'] + }, + bgWH: { + number: true, + min: 0, + allowPercent: true, + enums: ['auto'], + multiple: true + }, + bgPos: { + number: true, + allowPercent: true, + multiple: true + }, + bgRelativeTo: { + enums: ['inner', 'include-padding'], + multiple: true + }, + bgRepeat: { + enums: ['repeat', 'repeat-x', 'repeat-y', 'no-repeat'], + multiple: true + }, + bgFit: { + enums: ['none', 'contain', 'cover'], + multiple: true + }, + bgCrossOrigin: { + enums: ['anonymous', 'use-credentials'], + multiple: true + }, + bgClip: { + enums: ['none', 'node'], + multiple: true + }, + bgContainment: { + enums: ['inside', 'over'], + multiple: true + }, + color: { + color: true + }, + colors: { + color: true, + multiple: true + }, + fill: { + enums: ['solid', 'linear-gradient', 'radial-gradient'] + }, + bool: { + enums: ['yes', 'no'] + }, + bools: { + enums: ['yes', 'no'], + multiple: true + }, + lineStyle: { + enums: ['solid', 'dotted', 'dashed'] + }, + lineCap: { + enums: ['butt', 'round', 'square'] + }, + borderStyle: { + enums: ['solid', 'dotted', 'dashed', 'double'] + }, + curveStyle: { + enums: ['bezier', 'unbundled-bezier', 'haystack', 'segments', 'straight', 'straight-triangle', 'taxi'] + }, + fontFamily: { + regex: '^([\\w- \\"]+(?:\\s*,\\s*[\\w- \\"]+)*)$' + }, + fontStyle: { + enums: ['italic', 'normal', 'oblique'] + }, + fontWeight: { + enums: ['normal', 'bold', 'bolder', 'lighter', '100', '200', '300', '400', '500', '600', '800', '900', 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900] + }, + textDecoration: { + enums: ['none', 'underline', 'overline', 'line-through'] + }, + textTransform: { + enums: ['none', 'uppercase', 'lowercase'] + }, + textWrap: { + enums: ['none', 'wrap', 'ellipsis'] + }, + textOverflowWrap: { + enums: ['whitespace', 'anywhere'] + }, + textBackgroundShape: { + enums: ['rectangle', 'roundrectangle', 'round-rectangle'] + }, + nodeShape: { + enums: ['rectangle', 'roundrectangle', 'round-rectangle', 'cutrectangle', 'cut-rectangle', 'bottomroundrectangle', 'bottom-round-rectangle', 'barrel', 'ellipse', 'triangle', 'round-triangle', 'square', 'pentagon', 'round-pentagon', 'hexagon', 'round-hexagon', 'concavehexagon', 'concave-hexagon', 'heptagon', 'round-heptagon', 'octagon', 'round-octagon', 'tag', 'round-tag', 'star', 'diamond', 'round-diamond', 'vee', 'rhomboid', 'polygon'] + }, + overlayShape: { + enums: ['roundrectangle', 'round-rectangle', 'ellipse'] + }, + compoundIncludeLabels: { + enums: ['include', 'exclude'] + }, + arrowShape: { + enums: ['tee', 'triangle', 'triangle-tee', 'circle-triangle', 'triangle-cross', 'triangle-backcurve', 'vee', 'square', 'circle', 'diamond', 'chevron', 'none'] + }, + arrowFill: { + enums: ['filled', 'hollow'] + }, + display: { + enums: ['element', 'none'] + }, + visibility: { + enums: ['hidden', 'visible'] + }, + zCompoundDepth: { + enums: ['bottom', 'orphan', 'auto', 'top'] + }, + zIndexCompare: { + enums: ['auto', 'manual'] + }, + valign: { + enums: ['top', 'center', 'bottom'] + }, + halign: { + enums: ['left', 'center', 'right'] + }, + justification: { + enums: ['left', 'center', 'right', 'auto'] + }, + text: { + string: true + }, + data: { + mapping: true, + regex: data('data') + }, + layoutData: { + mapping: true, + regex: data('layoutData') + }, + scratch: { + mapping: true, + regex: data('scratch') + }, + mapData: { + mapping: true, + regex: mapData('mapData') + }, + mapLayoutData: { + mapping: true, + regex: mapData('mapLayoutData') + }, + mapScratch: { + mapping: true, + regex: mapData('mapScratch') + }, + fn: { + mapping: true, + fn: true + }, + url: { + regexes: urlRegexes, + singleRegexMatchValue: true + }, + urls: { + regexes: urlRegexes, + singleRegexMatchValue: true, + multiple: true + }, + propList: { + propList: true + }, + angle: { + number: true, + units: 'deg|rad', + implicitUnits: 'rad' + }, + textRotation: { + number: true, + units: 'deg|rad', + implicitUnits: 'rad', + enums: ['none', 'autorotate'] + }, + polygonPointList: { + number: true, + multiple: true, + evenMultiple: true, + min: -1, + max: 1, + unitless: true + }, + edgeDistances: { + enums: ['intersection', 'node-position'] + }, + edgeEndpoint: { + number: true, + multiple: true, + units: '%|px|em|deg|rad', + implicitUnits: 'px', + enums: ['inside-to-node', 'outside-to-node', 'outside-to-node-or-label', 'outside-to-line', 'outside-to-line-or-label'], + singleEnum: true, + validate: function validate(valArr, unitsArr) { + switch (valArr.length) { + case 2: + // can be % or px only + return unitsArr[0] !== 'deg' && unitsArr[0] !== 'rad' && unitsArr[1] !== 'deg' && unitsArr[1] !== 'rad'; + + case 1: + // can be enum, deg, or rad only + return string(valArr[0]) || unitsArr[0] === 'deg' || unitsArr[0] === 'rad'; + + default: + return false; + } + } + }, + easing: { + regexes: ['^(spring)\\s*\\(\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*,\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*\\)$', '^(cubic-bezier)\\s*\\(\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*,\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*,\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*,\\s*(' + number$1 + ')\\s*\\)$'], + enums: ['linear', 'ease', 'ease-in', 'ease-out', 'ease-in-out', 'ease-in-sine', 'ease-out-sine', 'ease-in-out-sine', 'ease-in-quad', 'ease-out-quad', 'ease-in-out-quad', 'ease-in-cubic', 'ease-out-cubic', 'ease-in-out-cubic', 'ease-in-quart', 'ease-out-quart', 'ease-in-out-quart', 'ease-in-quint', 'ease-out-quint', 'ease-in-out-quint', 'ease-in-expo', 'ease-out-expo', 'ease-in-out-expo', 'ease-in-circ', 'ease-out-circ', 'ease-in-out-circ'] + }, + gradientDirection: { + enums: ['to-bottom', 'to-top', 'to-left', 'to-right', 'to-bottom-right', 'to-bottom-left', 'to-top-right', 'to-top-left', 'to-right-bottom', 'to-left-bottom', 'to-right-top', 'to-left-top' // different order + ] + }, + boundsExpansion: { + number: true, + multiple: true, + min: 0, + validate: function validate(valArr) { + var length = valArr.length; + return length === 1 || length === 2 || length === 4; + } + } + }; + var diff = { + zeroNonZero: function zeroNonZero(val1, val2) { + if ((val1 == null || val2 == null) && val1 !== val2) { + return true; // null cases could represent any value + } + + if (val1 == 0 && val2 != 0) { + return true; + } else if (val1 != 0 && val2 == 0) { + return true; + } else { + return false; + } + }, + any: function any(val1, val2) { + return val1 != val2; + }, + emptyNonEmpty: function emptyNonEmpty(str1, str2) { + var empty1 = emptyString(str1); + var empty2 = emptyString(str2); + return empty1 && !empty2 || !empty1 && empty2; + } + }; // define visual style properties + // + // - n.b. adding a new group of props may require updates to updateStyleHints() + // - adding new props to an existing group gets handled automatically + + var t = styfn$2.types; + var mainLabel = [{ + name: 'label', + type: t.text, + triggersBounds: diff.any, + triggersZOrder: diff.emptyNonEmpty + }, { + name: 'text-rotation', + type: t.textRotation, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-margin-x', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-margin-y', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var sourceLabel = [{ + name: 'source-label', + type: t.text, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'source-text-rotation', + type: t.textRotation, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'source-text-margin-x', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'source-text-margin-y', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'source-text-offset', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var targetLabel = [{ + name: 'target-label', + type: t.text, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'target-text-rotation', + type: t.textRotation, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'target-text-margin-x', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'target-text-margin-y', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'target-text-offset', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var labelDimensions = [{ + name: 'font-family', + type: t.fontFamily, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'font-style', + type: t.fontStyle, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'font-weight', + type: t.fontWeight, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'font-size', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-transform', + type: t.textTransform, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-wrap', + type: t.textWrap, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-overflow-wrap', + type: t.textOverflowWrap, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-max-width', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-outline-width', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'line-height', + type: t.positiveNumber, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var commonLabel = [{ + name: 'text-valign', + type: t.valign, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-halign', + type: t.halign, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'text-outline-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'text-outline-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'text-background-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'text-background-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'text-background-padding', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-border-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'text-border-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'text-border-width', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-border-style', + type: t.borderStyle, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-background-shape', + type: t.textBackgroundShape, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'text-justification', + type: t.justification + }]; + var behavior = [{ + name: 'events', + type: t.bool + }, { + name: 'text-events', + type: t.bool + }]; + var visibility = [{ + name: 'display', + type: t.display, + triggersZOrder: diff.any, + triggersBounds: diff.any, + triggersBoundsOfParallelBeziers: true + }, { + name: 'visibility', + type: t.visibility, + triggersZOrder: diff.any + }, { + name: 'opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber, + triggersZOrder: diff.zeroNonZero + }, { + name: 'text-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'min-zoomed-font-size', + type: t.size + }, { + name: 'z-compound-depth', + type: t.zCompoundDepth, + triggersZOrder: diff.any + }, { + name: 'z-index-compare', + type: t.zIndexCompare, + triggersZOrder: diff.any + }, { + name: 'z-index', + type: t.nonNegativeInt, + triggersZOrder: diff.any + }]; + var overlay = [{ + name: 'overlay-padding', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'overlay-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'overlay-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber, + triggersBounds: diff.zeroNonZero + }, { + name: 'overlay-shape', + type: t.overlayShape, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var underlay = [{ + name: 'underlay-padding', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'underlay-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'underlay-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber, + triggersBounds: diff.zeroNonZero + }, { + name: 'underlay-shape', + type: t.overlayShape, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var transition = [{ + name: 'transition-property', + type: t.propList + }, { + name: 'transition-duration', + type: t.time + }, { + name: 'transition-delay', + type: t.time + }, { + name: 'transition-timing-function', + type: t.easing + }]; + + var nodeSizeHashOverride = function nodeSizeHashOverride(ele, parsedProp) { + if (parsedProp.value === 'label') { + return -ele.poolIndex(); // no hash key hits is using label size (hitrate for perf probably low anyway) + } else { + return parsedProp.pfValue; + } + }; + + var nodeBody = [{ + name: 'height', + type: t.nodeSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any, + hashOverride: nodeSizeHashOverride + }, { + name: 'width', + type: t.nodeSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any, + hashOverride: nodeSizeHashOverride + }, { + name: 'shape', + type: t.nodeShape, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'shape-polygon-points', + type: t.polygonPointList, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'background-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'background-fill', + type: t.fill + }, { + name: 'background-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'background-blacken', + type: t.nOneOneNumber + }, { + name: 'background-gradient-stop-colors', + type: t.colors + }, { + name: 'background-gradient-stop-positions', + type: t.percentages + }, { + name: 'background-gradient-direction', + type: t.gradientDirection + }, { + name: 'padding', + type: t.sizeMaybePercent, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'padding-relative-to', + type: t.paddingRelativeTo, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'bounds-expansion', + type: t.boundsExpansion, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var nodeBorder = [{ + name: 'border-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'border-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'border-width', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'border-style', + type: t.borderStyle + }]; + var backgroundImage = [{ + name: 'background-image', + type: t.urls + }, { + name: 'background-image-crossorigin', + type: t.bgCrossOrigin + }, { + name: 'background-image-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumbers + }, { + name: 'background-image-containment', + type: t.bgContainment + }, { + name: 'background-image-smoothing', + type: t.bools + }, { + name: 'background-position-x', + type: t.bgPos + }, { + name: 'background-position-y', + type: t.bgPos + }, { + name: 'background-width-relative-to', + type: t.bgRelativeTo + }, { + name: 'background-height-relative-to', + type: t.bgRelativeTo + }, { + name: 'background-repeat', + type: t.bgRepeat + }, { + name: 'background-fit', + type: t.bgFit + }, { + name: 'background-clip', + type: t.bgClip + }, { + name: 'background-width', + type: t.bgWH + }, { + name: 'background-height', + type: t.bgWH + }, { + name: 'background-offset-x', + type: t.bgPos + }, { + name: 'background-offset-y', + type: t.bgPos + }]; + var compound = [{ + name: 'position', + type: t.position, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'compound-sizing-wrt-labels', + type: t.compoundIncludeLabels, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'min-width', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'min-width-bias-left', + type: t.sizeMaybePercent, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'min-width-bias-right', + type: t.sizeMaybePercent, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'min-height', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'min-height-bias-top', + type: t.sizeMaybePercent, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'min-height-bias-bottom', + type: t.sizeMaybePercent, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var edgeLine = [{ + name: 'line-style', + type: t.lineStyle + }, { + name: 'line-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'line-fill', + type: t.fill + }, { + name: 'line-cap', + type: t.lineCap + }, { + name: 'line-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'line-dash-pattern', + type: t.numbers + }, { + name: 'line-dash-offset', + type: t.number + }, { + name: 'line-gradient-stop-colors', + type: t.colors + }, { + name: 'line-gradient-stop-positions', + type: t.percentages + }, { + name: 'curve-style', + type: t.curveStyle, + triggersBounds: diff.any, + triggersBoundsOfParallelBeziers: true + }, { + name: 'haystack-radius', + type: t.zeroOneNumber, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'source-endpoint', + type: t.edgeEndpoint, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'target-endpoint', + type: t.edgeEndpoint, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'control-point-step-size', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'control-point-distances', + type: t.bidirectionalSizes, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'control-point-weights', + type: t.numbers, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'segment-distances', + type: t.bidirectionalSizes, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'segment-weights', + type: t.numbers, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'taxi-turn', + type: t.bidirectionalSizeMaybePercent, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'taxi-turn-min-distance', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'taxi-direction', + type: t.axisDirection, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'edge-distances', + type: t.edgeDistances, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'arrow-scale', + type: t.positiveNumber, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'loop-direction', + type: t.angle, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'loop-sweep', + type: t.angle, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'source-distance-from-node', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'target-distance-from-node', + type: t.size, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }]; + var ghost = [{ + name: 'ghost', + type: t.bool, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'ghost-offset-x', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'ghost-offset-y', + type: t.bidirectionalSize, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'ghost-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }]; + var core = [{ + name: 'selection-box-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'selection-box-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'selection-box-border-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'selection-box-border-width', + type: t.size + }, { + name: 'active-bg-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'active-bg-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }, { + name: 'active-bg-size', + type: t.size + }, { + name: 'outside-texture-bg-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'outside-texture-bg-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }]; // pie backgrounds for nodes + + var pie = []; + styfn$2.pieBackgroundN = 16; // because the pie properties are numbered, give access to a constant N (for renderer use) + + pie.push({ + name: 'pie-size', + type: t.sizeMaybePercent + }); + + for (var i = 1; i <= styfn$2.pieBackgroundN; i++) { + pie.push({ + name: 'pie-' + i + '-background-color', + type: t.color + }); + pie.push({ + name: 'pie-' + i + '-background-size', + type: t.percent + }); + pie.push({ + name: 'pie-' + i + '-background-opacity', + type: t.zeroOneNumber + }); + } // edge arrows + + + var edgeArrow = []; + var arrowPrefixes = styfn$2.arrowPrefixes = ['source', 'mid-source', 'target', 'mid-target']; + [{ + name: 'arrow-shape', + type: t.arrowShape, + triggersBounds: diff.any + }, { + name: 'arrow-color', + type: t.color + }, { + name: 'arrow-fill', + type: t.arrowFill + }].forEach(function (prop) { + arrowPrefixes.forEach(function (prefix) { + var name = prefix + '-' + prop.name; + var type = prop.type, + triggersBounds = prop.triggersBounds; + edgeArrow.push({ + name: name, + type: type, + triggersBounds: triggersBounds + }); + }); + }, {}); + var props = styfn$2.properties = [].concat(behavior, transition, visibility, overlay, underlay, ghost, commonLabel, labelDimensions, mainLabel, sourceLabel, targetLabel, nodeBody, nodeBorder, backgroundImage, pie, compound, edgeLine, edgeArrow, core); + var propGroups = styfn$2.propertyGroups = { + // common to all eles + behavior: behavior, + transition: transition, + visibility: visibility, + overlay: overlay, + underlay: underlay, + ghost: ghost, + // labels + commonLabel: commonLabel, + labelDimensions: labelDimensions, + mainLabel: mainLabel, + sourceLabel: sourceLabel, + targetLabel: targetLabel, + // node props + nodeBody: nodeBody, + nodeBorder: nodeBorder, + backgroundImage: backgroundImage, + pie: pie, + compound: compound, + // edge props + edgeLine: edgeLine, + edgeArrow: edgeArrow, + core: core + }; + var propGroupNames = styfn$2.propertyGroupNames = {}; + var propGroupKeys = styfn$2.propertyGroupKeys = Object.keys(propGroups); + propGroupKeys.forEach(function (key) { + propGroupNames[key] = propGroups[key].map(function (prop) { + return prop.name; + }); + propGroups[key].forEach(function (prop) { + return prop.groupKey = key; + }); + }); // define aliases + + var aliases = styfn$2.aliases = [{ + name: 'content', + pointsTo: 'label' + }, { + name: 'control-point-distance', + pointsTo: 'control-point-distances' + }, { + name: 'control-point-weight', + pointsTo: 'control-point-weights' + }, { + name: 'edge-text-rotation', + pointsTo: 'text-rotation' + }, { + name: 'padding-left', + pointsTo: 'padding' + }, { + name: 'padding-right', + pointsTo: 'padding' + }, { + name: 'padding-top', + pointsTo: 'padding' + }, { + name: 'padding-bottom', + pointsTo: 'padding' + }]; // list of property names + + styfn$2.propertyNames = props.map(function (p) { + return p.name; + }); // allow access of properties by name ( e.g. style.properties.height ) + + for (var _i = 0; _i < props.length; _i++) { + var prop = props[_i]; + props[prop.name] = prop; // allow lookup by name + } // map aliases + + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < aliases.length; _i2++) { + var alias = aliases[_i2]; + var pointsToProp = props[alias.pointsTo]; + var aliasProp = { + name: alias.name, + alias: true, + pointsTo: pointsToProp + }; // add alias prop for parsing + + props.push(aliasProp); + props[alias.name] = aliasProp; // allow lookup by name + } +})(); + +styfn$2.getDefaultProperty = function (name) { + return this.getDefaultProperties()[name]; +}; + +styfn$2.getDefaultProperties = function () { + var _p = this._private; + + if (_p.defaultProperties != null) { + return _p.defaultProperties; + } + + var rawProps = extend({ + // core props + 'selection-box-color': '#ddd', + 'selection-box-opacity': 0.65, + 'selection-box-border-color': '#aaa', + 'selection-box-border-width': 1, + 'active-bg-color': 'black', + 'active-bg-opacity': 0.15, + 'active-bg-size': 30, + 'outside-texture-bg-color': '#000', + 'outside-texture-bg-opacity': 0.125, + // common node/edge props + 'events': 'yes', + 'text-events': 'no', + 'text-valign': 'top', + 'text-halign': 'center', + 'text-justification': 'auto', + 'line-height': 1, + 'color': '#000', + 'text-outline-color': '#000', + 'text-outline-width': 0, + 'text-outline-opacity': 1, + 'text-opacity': 1, + 'text-decoration': 'none', + 'text-transform': 'none', + 'text-wrap': 'none', + 'text-overflow-wrap': 'whitespace', + 'text-max-width': 9999, + 'text-background-color': '#000', + 'text-background-opacity': 0, + 'text-background-shape': 'rectangle', + 'text-background-padding': 0, + 'text-border-opacity': 0, + 'text-border-width': 0, + 'text-border-style': 'solid', + 'text-border-color': '#000', + 'font-family': 'Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif', + 'font-style': 'normal', + 'font-weight': 'normal', + 'font-size': 16, + 'min-zoomed-font-size': 0, + 'text-rotation': 'none', + 'source-text-rotation': 'none', + 'target-text-rotation': 'none', + 'visibility': 'visible', + 'display': 'element', + 'opacity': 1, + 'z-compound-depth': 'auto', + 'z-index-compare': 'auto', + 'z-index': 0, + 'label': '', + 'text-margin-x': 0, + 'text-margin-y': 0, + 'source-label': '', + 'source-text-offset': 0, + 'source-text-margin-x': 0, + 'source-text-margin-y': 0, + 'target-label': '', + 'target-text-offset': 0, + 'target-text-margin-x': 0, + 'target-text-margin-y': 0, + 'overlay-opacity': 0, + 'overlay-color': '#000', + 'overlay-padding': 10, + 'overlay-shape': 'round-rectangle', + 'underlay-opacity': 0, + 'underlay-color': '#000', + 'underlay-padding': 10, + 'underlay-shape': 'round-rectangle', + 'transition-property': 'none', + 'transition-duration': 0, + 'transition-delay': 0, + 'transition-timing-function': 'linear', + // node props + 'background-blacken': 0, + 'background-color': '#999', + 'background-fill': 'solid', + 'background-opacity': 1, + 'background-image': 'none', + 'background-image-crossorigin': 'anonymous', + 'background-image-opacity': 1, + 'background-image-containment': 'inside', + 'background-image-smoothing': 'yes', + 'background-position-x': '50%', + 'background-position-y': '50%', + 'background-offset-x': 0, + 'background-offset-y': 0, + 'background-width-relative-to': 'include-padding', + 'background-height-relative-to': 'include-padding', + 'background-repeat': 'no-repeat', + 'background-fit': 'none', + 'background-clip': 'node', + 'background-width': 'auto', + 'background-height': 'auto', + 'border-color': '#000', + 'border-opacity': 1, + 'border-width': 0, + 'border-style': 'solid', + 'height': 30, + 'width': 30, + 'shape': 'ellipse', + 'shape-polygon-points': '-1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1', + 'bounds-expansion': 0, + // node gradient + 'background-gradient-direction': 'to-bottom', + 'background-gradient-stop-colors': '#999', + 'background-gradient-stop-positions': '0%', + // ghost props + 'ghost': 'no', + 'ghost-offset-y': 0, + 'ghost-offset-x': 0, + 'ghost-opacity': 0, + // compound props + 'padding': 0, + 'padding-relative-to': 'width', + 'position': 'origin', + 'compound-sizing-wrt-labels': 'include', + 'min-width': 0, + 'min-width-bias-left': 0, + 'min-width-bias-right': 0, + 'min-height': 0, + 'min-height-bias-top': 0, + 'min-height-bias-bottom': 0 + }, { + // node pie bg + 'pie-size': '100%' + }, [{ + name: 'pie-{{i}}-background-color', + value: 'black' + }, { + name: 'pie-{{i}}-background-size', + value: '0%' + }, { + name: 'pie-{{i}}-background-opacity', + value: 1 + }].reduce(function (css, prop) { + for (var i = 1; i <= styfn$2.pieBackgroundN; i++) { + var name = prop.name.replace('{{i}}', i); + var val = prop.value; + css[name] = val; + } + + return css; + }, {}), { + // edge props + 'line-style': 'solid', + 'line-color': '#999', + 'line-fill': 'solid', + 'line-cap': 'butt', + 'line-opacity': 1, + 'line-gradient-stop-colors': '#999', + 'line-gradient-stop-positions': '0%', + 'control-point-step-size': 40, + 'control-point-weights': 0.5, + 'segment-weights': 0.5, + 'segment-distances': 20, + 'taxi-turn': '50%', + 'taxi-turn-min-distance': 10, + 'taxi-direction': 'auto', + 'edge-distances': 'intersection', + 'curve-style': 'haystack', + 'haystack-radius': 0, + 'arrow-scale': 1, + 'loop-direction': '-45deg', + 'loop-sweep': '-90deg', + 'source-distance-from-node': 0, + 'target-distance-from-node': 0, + 'source-endpoint': 'outside-to-node', + 'target-endpoint': 'outside-to-node', + 'line-dash-pattern': [6, 3], + 'line-dash-offset': 0 + }, [{ + name: 'arrow-shape', + value: 'none' + }, { + name: 'arrow-color', + value: '#999' + }, { + name: 'arrow-fill', + value: 'filled' + }].reduce(function (css, prop) { + styfn$2.arrowPrefixes.forEach(function (prefix) { + var name = prefix + '-' + prop.name; + var val = prop.value; + css[name] = val; + }); + return css; + }, {})); + var parsedProps = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.properties.length; i++) { + var prop = this.properties[i]; + + if (prop.pointsTo) { + continue; + } + + var name = prop.name; + var val = rawProps[name]; + var parsedProp = this.parse(name, val); + parsedProps[name] = parsedProp; + } + + _p.defaultProperties = parsedProps; + return _p.defaultProperties; +}; + +styfn$2.addDefaultStylesheet = function () { + this.selector(':parent').css({ + 'shape': 'rectangle', + 'padding': 10, + 'background-color': '#eee', + 'border-color': '#ccc', + 'border-width': 1 + }).selector('edge').css({ + 'width': 3 + }).selector(':loop').css({ + 'curve-style': 'bezier' + }).selector('edge:compound').css({ + 'curve-style': 'bezier', + 'source-endpoint': 'outside-to-line', + 'target-endpoint': 'outside-to-line' + }).selector(':selected').css({ + 'background-color': '#0169D9', + 'line-color': '#0169D9', + 'source-arrow-color': '#0169D9', + 'target-arrow-color': '#0169D9', + 'mid-source-arrow-color': '#0169D9', + 'mid-target-arrow-color': '#0169D9' + }).selector(':parent:selected').css({ + 'background-color': '#CCE1F9', + 'border-color': '#aec8e5' + }).selector(':active').css({ + 'overlay-color': 'black', + 'overlay-padding': 10, + 'overlay-opacity': 0.25 + }); + this.defaultLength = this.length; +}; + +var styfn$1 = {}; // a caching layer for property parsing + +styfn$1.parse = function (name, value, propIsBypass, propIsFlat) { + var self = this; // function values can't be cached in all cases, and there isn't much benefit of caching them anyway + + if (fn$6(value)) { + return self.parseImplWarn(name, value, propIsBypass, propIsFlat); + } + + var flatKey = propIsFlat === 'mapping' || propIsFlat === true || propIsFlat === false || propIsFlat == null ? 'dontcare' : propIsFlat; + var bypassKey = propIsBypass ? 't' : 'f'; + var valueKey = '' + value; + var argHash = hashStrings(name, valueKey, bypassKey, flatKey); + var propCache = self.propCache = self.propCache || []; + var ret; + + if (!(ret = propCache[argHash])) { + ret = propCache[argHash] = self.parseImplWarn(name, value, propIsBypass, propIsFlat); + } // - bypasses can't be shared b/c the value can be changed by animations or otherwise overridden + // - mappings can't be shared b/c mappings are per-element + + + if (propIsBypass || propIsFlat === 'mapping') { + // need a copy since props are mutated later in their lifecycles + ret = copy(ret); + + if (ret) { + ret.value = copy(ret.value); // because it could be an array, e.g. colour + } + } + + return ret; +}; + +styfn$1.parseImplWarn = function (name, value, propIsBypass, propIsFlat) { + var prop = this.parseImpl(name, value, propIsBypass, propIsFlat); + + if (!prop && value != null) { + warn("The style property `".concat(name, ": ").concat(value, "` is invalid")); + } + + if (prop && (prop.name === 'width' || prop.name === 'height') && value === 'label') { + warn('The style value of `label` is deprecated for `' + prop.name + '`'); + } + + return prop; +}; // parse a property; return null on invalid; return parsed property otherwise +// fields : +// - name : the name of the property +// - value : the parsed, native-typed value of the property +// - strValue : a string value that represents the property value in valid css +// - bypass : true iff the property is a bypass property + + +styfn$1.parseImpl = function (name, value, propIsBypass, propIsFlat) { + var self = this; + name = camel2dash(name); // make sure the property name is in dash form (e.g. 'property-name' not 'propertyName') + + var property = self.properties[name]; + var passedValue = value; + var types = self.types; + + if (!property) { + return null; + } // return null on property of unknown name + + + if (value === undefined) { + return null; + } // can't assign undefined + // the property may be an alias + + + if (property.alias) { + property = property.pointsTo; + name = property.name; + } + + var valueIsString = string(value); + + if (valueIsString) { + // trim the value to make parsing easier + value = value.trim(); + } + + var type = property.type; + + if (!type) { + return null; + } // no type, no luck + // check if bypass is null or empty string (i.e. indication to delete bypass property) + + + if (propIsBypass && (value === '' || value === null)) { + return { + name: name, + value: value, + bypass: true, + deleteBypass: true + }; + } // check if value is a function used as a mapper + + + if (fn$6(value)) { + return { + name: name, + value: value, + strValue: 'fn', + mapped: types.fn, + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } // check if value is mapped + + + var data, mapData; + + if (!valueIsString || propIsFlat || value.length < 7 || value[1] !== 'a') ; else if (value.length >= 7 && value[0] === 'd' && (data = new RegExp(types.data.regex).exec(value))) { + if (propIsBypass) { + return false; + } // mappers not allowed in bypass + + + var mapped = types.data; + return { + name: name, + value: data, + strValue: '' + value, + mapped: mapped, + field: data[1], + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } else if (value.length >= 10 && value[0] === 'm' && (mapData = new RegExp(types.mapData.regex).exec(value))) { + if (propIsBypass) { + return false; + } // mappers not allowed in bypass + + + if (type.multiple) { + return false; + } // impossible to map to num + + + var _mapped = types.mapData; // we can map only if the type is a colour or a number + + if (!(type.color || type.number)) { + return false; + } + + var valueMin = this.parse(name, mapData[4]); // parse to validate + + if (!valueMin || valueMin.mapped) { + return false; + } // can't be invalid or mapped + + + var valueMax = this.parse(name, mapData[5]); // parse to validate + + if (!valueMax || valueMax.mapped) { + return false; + } // can't be invalid or mapped + // check if valueMin and valueMax are the same + + + if (valueMin.pfValue === valueMax.pfValue || valueMin.strValue === valueMax.strValue) { + warn('`' + name + ': ' + value + '` is not a valid mapper because the output range is zero; converting to `' + name + ': ' + valueMin.strValue + '`'); + return this.parse(name, valueMin.strValue); // can't make much of a mapper without a range + } else if (type.color) { + var c1 = valueMin.value; + var c2 = valueMax.value; + var same = c1[0] === c2[0] // red + && c1[1] === c2[1] // green + && c1[2] === c2[2] // blue + && ( // optional alpha + c1[3] === c2[3] // same alpha outright + || (c1[3] == null || c1[3] === 1 // full opacity for colour 1? + ) && (c2[3] == null || c2[3] === 1) // full opacity for colour 2? + ); + + if (same) { + return false; + } // can't make a mapper without a range + + } + + return { + name: name, + value: mapData, + strValue: '' + value, + mapped: _mapped, + field: mapData[1], + fieldMin: parseFloat(mapData[2]), + // min & max are numeric + fieldMax: parseFloat(mapData[3]), + valueMin: valueMin.value, + valueMax: valueMax.value, + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } + + if (type.multiple && propIsFlat !== 'multiple') { + var vals; + + if (valueIsString) { + vals = value.split(/\s+/); + } else if (array(value)) { + vals = value; + } else { + vals = [value]; + } + + if (type.evenMultiple && vals.length % 2 !== 0) { + return null; + } + + var valArr = []; + var unitsArr = []; + var pfValArr = []; + var strVal = ''; + var hasEnum = false; + + for (var i = 0; i < vals.length; i++) { + var p = self.parse(name, vals[i], propIsBypass, 'multiple'); + hasEnum = hasEnum || string(p.value); + valArr.push(p.value); + pfValArr.push(p.pfValue != null ? p.pfValue : p.value); + unitsArr.push(p.units); + strVal += (i > 0 ? ' ' : '') + p.strValue; + } + + if (type.validate && !type.validate(valArr, unitsArr)) { + return null; + } + + if (type.singleEnum && hasEnum) { + if (valArr.length === 1 && string(valArr[0])) { + return { + name: name, + value: valArr[0], + strValue: valArr[0], + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } else { + return null; + } + } + + return { + name: name, + value: valArr, + pfValue: pfValArr, + strValue: strVal, + bypass: propIsBypass, + units: unitsArr + }; + } // several types also allow enums + + + var checkEnums = function checkEnums() { + for (var _i = 0; _i < type.enums.length; _i++) { + var en = type.enums[_i]; + + if (en === value) { + return { + name: name, + value: value, + strValue: '' + value, + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } + } + + return null; + }; // check the type and return the appropriate object + + + if (type.number) { + var units; + var implicitUnits = 'px'; // not set => px + + if (type.units) { + // use specified units if set + units = type.units; + } + + if (type.implicitUnits) { + implicitUnits = type.implicitUnits; + } + + if (!type.unitless) { + if (valueIsString) { + var unitsRegex = 'px|em' + (type.allowPercent ? '|\\%' : ''); + + if (units) { + unitsRegex = units; + } // only allow explicit units if so set + + + var match = value.match('^(' + number + ')(' + unitsRegex + ')?' + '$'); + + if (match) { + value = match[1]; + units = match[2] || implicitUnits; + } + } else if (!units || type.implicitUnits) { + units = implicitUnits; // implicitly px if unspecified + } + } + + value = parseFloat(value); // if not a number and enums not allowed, then the value is invalid + + if (isNaN(value) && type.enums === undefined) { + return null; + } // check if this number type also accepts special keywords in place of numbers + // (i.e. `left`, `auto`, etc) + + + if (isNaN(value) && type.enums !== undefined) { + value = passedValue; + return checkEnums(); + } // check if value must be an integer + + + if (type.integer && !integer(value)) { + return null; + } // check value is within range + + + if (type.min !== undefined && (value < type.min || type.strictMin && value === type.min) || type.max !== undefined && (value > type.max || type.strictMax && value === type.max)) { + return null; + } + + var ret = { + name: name, + value: value, + strValue: '' + value + (units ? units : ''), + units: units, + bypass: propIsBypass + }; // normalise value in pixels + + if (type.unitless || units !== 'px' && units !== 'em') { + ret.pfValue = value; + } else { + ret.pfValue = units === 'px' || !units ? value : this.getEmSizeInPixels() * value; + } // normalise value in ms + + + if (units === 'ms' || units === 's') { + ret.pfValue = units === 'ms' ? value : 1000 * value; + } // normalise value in rad + + + if (units === 'deg' || units === 'rad') { + ret.pfValue = units === 'rad' ? value : deg2rad(value); + } // normalize value in % + + + if (units === '%') { + ret.pfValue = value / 100; + } + + return ret; + } else if (type.propList) { + var props = []; + var propsStr = '' + value; + + if (propsStr === 'none') ; else { + // go over each prop + var propsSplit = propsStr.split(/\s*,\s*|\s+/); + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < propsSplit.length; _i2++) { + var propName = propsSplit[_i2].trim(); + + if (self.properties[propName]) { + props.push(propName); + } else { + warn('`' + propName + '` is not a valid property name'); + } + } + + if (props.length === 0) { + return null; + } + } + + return { + name: name, + value: props, + strValue: props.length === 0 ? 'none' : props.join(' '), + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } else if (type.color) { + var tuple = color2tuple(value); + + if (!tuple) { + return null; + } + + return { + name: name, + value: tuple, + pfValue: tuple, + strValue: 'rgb(' + tuple[0] + ',' + tuple[1] + ',' + tuple[2] + ')', + // n.b. no spaces b/c of multiple support + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } else if (type.regex || type.regexes) { + // first check enums + if (type.enums) { + var enumProp = checkEnums(); + + if (enumProp) { + return enumProp; + } + } + + var regexes = type.regexes ? type.regexes : [type.regex]; + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < regexes.length; _i3++) { + var regex = new RegExp(regexes[_i3]); // make a regex from the type string + + var m = regex.exec(value); + + if (m) { + // regex matches + return { + name: name, + value: type.singleRegexMatchValue ? m[1] : m, + strValue: '' + value, + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } + } + + return null; // didn't match any + } else if (type.string) { + // just return + return { + name: name, + value: '' + value, + strValue: '' + value, + bypass: propIsBypass + }; + } else if (type.enums) { + // check enums last because it's a combo type in others + return checkEnums(); + } else { + return null; // not a type we can handle + } +}; + +var Style = function Style(cy) { + if (!(this instanceof Style)) { + return new Style(cy); + } + + if (!core(cy)) { + error('A style must have a core reference'); + return; + } + + this._private = { + cy: cy, + coreStyle: {} + }; + this.length = 0; + this.resetToDefault(); +}; + +var styfn = Style.prototype; + +styfn.instanceString = function () { + return 'style'; +}; // remove all contexts + + +styfn.clear = function () { + var _p = this._private; + var cy = _p.cy; + var eles = cy.elements(); + + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + this[i] = undefined; + } + + this.length = 0; + _p.contextStyles = {}; + _p.propDiffs = {}; + this.cleanElements(eles, true); + eles.forEach(function (ele) { + var ele_p = ele[0]._private; + ele_p.styleDirty = true; + ele_p.appliedInitStyle = false; + }); + return this; // chaining +}; + +styfn.resetToDefault = function () { + this.clear(); + this.addDefaultStylesheet(); + return this; +}; // builds a style object for the 'core' selector + + +styfn.core = function (propName) { + return this._private.coreStyle[propName] || this.getDefaultProperty(propName); +}; // create a new context from the specified selector string and switch to that context + + +styfn.selector = function (selectorStr) { + // 'core' is a special case and does not need a selector + var selector = selectorStr === 'core' ? null : new Selector(selectorStr); + var i = this.length++; // new context means new index + + this[i] = { + selector: selector, + properties: [], + mappedProperties: [], + index: i + }; + return this; // chaining +}; // add one or many css rules to the current context + + +styfn.css = function () { + var self = this; + var args = arguments; + + if (args.length === 1) { + var map = args[0]; + + for (var i = 0; i < self.properties.length; i++) { + var prop = self.properties[i]; + var mapVal = map[prop.name]; + + if (mapVal === undefined) { + mapVal = map[dash2camel(prop.name)]; + } + + if (mapVal !== undefined) { + this.cssRule(prop.name, mapVal); + } + } + } else if (args.length === 2) { + this.cssRule(args[0], args[1]); + } // do nothing if args are invalid + + + return this; // chaining +}; + +styfn.style = styfn.css; // add a single css rule to the current context + +styfn.cssRule = function (name, value) { + // name-value pair + var property = this.parse(name, value); // add property to current context if valid + + if (property) { + var i = this.length - 1; + this[i].properties.push(property); + this[i].properties[property.name] = property; // allow access by name as well + + if (property.name.match(/pie-(\d+)-background-size/) && property.value) { + this._private.hasPie = true; + } + + if (property.mapped) { + this[i].mappedProperties.push(property); + } // add to core style if necessary + + + var currentSelectorIsCore = !this[i].selector; + + if (currentSelectorIsCore) { + this._private.coreStyle[property.name] = property; + } + } + + return this; // chaining +}; + +styfn.append = function (style) { + if (stylesheet(style)) { + style.appendToStyle(this); + } else if (array(style)) { + this.appendFromJson(style); + } else if (string(style)) { + this.appendFromString(style); + } // you probably wouldn't want to append a Style, since you'd duplicate the default parts + + + return this; +}; // static function + + +Style.fromJson = function (cy, json) { + var style = new Style(cy); + style.fromJson(json); + return style; +}; + +Style.fromString = function (cy, string) { + return new Style(cy).fromString(string); +}; + +[styfn$8, styfn$7, styfn$6, styfn$5, styfn$4, styfn$3, styfn$2, styfn$1].forEach(function (props) { + extend(styfn, props); +}); +Style.types = styfn.types; +Style.properties = styfn.properties; +Style.propertyGroups = styfn.propertyGroups; +Style.propertyGroupNames = styfn.propertyGroupNames; +Style.propertyGroupKeys = styfn.propertyGroupKeys; + +var corefn$2 = { + style: function style(newStyle) { + if (newStyle) { + var s = this.setStyle(newStyle); + s.update(); + } + + return this._private.style; + }, + setStyle: function setStyle(style) { + var _p = this._private; + + if (stylesheet(style)) { + _p.style = style.generateStyle(this); + } else if (array(style)) { + _p.style = Style.fromJson(this, style); + } else if (string(style)) { + _p.style = Style.fromString(this, style); + } else { + _p.style = Style(this); + } + + return _p.style; + }, + // e.g. cy.data() changed => recalc ele mappers + updateStyle: function updateStyle() { + this.mutableElements().updateStyle(); // just send to all eles + } +}; + +var defaultSelectionType = 'single'; +var corefn$1 = { + autolock: function autolock(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.autolock = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.autolock; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + autoungrabify: function autoungrabify(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.autoungrabify = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.autoungrabify; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + autounselectify: function autounselectify(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.autounselectify = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.autounselectify; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + selectionType: function selectionType(selType) { + var _p = this._private; + + if (_p.selectionType == null) { + _p.selectionType = defaultSelectionType; + } + + if (selType !== undefined) { + if (selType === 'additive' || selType === 'single') { + _p.selectionType = selType; + } + } else { + return _p.selectionType; + } + + return this; + }, + panningEnabled: function panningEnabled(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.panningEnabled = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.panningEnabled; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + userPanningEnabled: function userPanningEnabled(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.userPanningEnabled = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.userPanningEnabled; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + zoomingEnabled: function zoomingEnabled(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.zoomingEnabled = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.zoomingEnabled; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + userZoomingEnabled: function userZoomingEnabled(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.userZoomingEnabled = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.userZoomingEnabled; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + boxSelectionEnabled: function boxSelectionEnabled(bool) { + if (bool !== undefined) { + this._private.boxSelectionEnabled = bool ? true : false; + } else { + return this._private.boxSelectionEnabled; + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + pan: function pan() { + var args = arguments; + var pan = this._private.pan; + var dim, val, dims, x, y; + + switch (args.length) { + case 0: + // .pan() + return pan; + + case 1: + if (string(args[0])) { + // .pan('x') + dim = args[0]; + return pan[dim]; + } else if (plainObject(args[0])) { + // .pan({ x: 0, y: 100 }) + if (!this._private.panningEnabled) { + return this; + } + + dims = args[0]; + x = dims.x; + y = dims.y; + + if (number$1(x)) { + pan.x = x; + } + + if (number$1(y)) { + pan.y = y; + } + + this.emit('pan viewport'); + } + + break; + + case 2: + // .pan('x', 100) + if (!this._private.panningEnabled) { + return this; + } + + dim = args[0]; + val = args[1]; + + if ((dim === 'x' || dim === 'y') && number$1(val)) { + pan[dim] = val; + } + + this.emit('pan viewport'); + break; + // invalid + } + + this.notify('viewport'); + return this; // chaining + }, + panBy: function panBy(arg0, arg1) { + var args = arguments; + var pan = this._private.pan; + var dim, val, dims, x, y; + + if (!this._private.panningEnabled) { + return this; + } + + switch (args.length) { + case 1: + if (plainObject(arg0)) { + // .panBy({ x: 0, y: 100 }) + dims = args[0]; + x = dims.x; + y = dims.y; + + if (number$1(x)) { + pan.x += x; + } + + if (number$1(y)) { + pan.y += y; + } + + this.emit('pan viewport'); + } + + break; + + case 2: + // .panBy('x', 100) + dim = arg0; + val = arg1; + + if ((dim === 'x' || dim === 'y') && number$1(val)) { + pan[dim] += val; + } + + this.emit('pan viewport'); + break; + // invalid + } + + this.notify('viewport'); + return this; // chaining + }, + fit: function fit(elements, padding) { + var viewportState = this.getFitViewport(elements, padding); + + if (viewportState) { + var _p = this._private; + _p.zoom = viewportState.zoom; + _p.pan = viewportState.pan; + this.emit('pan zoom viewport'); + this.notify('viewport'); + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + getFitViewport: function getFitViewport(elements, padding) { + if (number$1(elements) && padding === undefined) { + // elements is optional + padding = elements; + elements = undefined; + } + + if (!this._private.panningEnabled || !this._private.zoomingEnabled) { + return; + } + + var bb; + + if (string(elements)) { + var sel = elements; + elements = this.$(sel); + } else if (boundingBox(elements)) { + // assume bb + var bbe = elements; + bb = { + x1: bbe.x1, + y1: bbe.y1, + x2: bbe.x2, + y2: bbe.y2 + }; + bb.w = bb.x2 - bb.x1; + bb.h = bb.y2 - bb.y1; + } else if (!elementOrCollection(elements)) { + elements = this.mutableElements(); + } + + if (elementOrCollection(elements) && elements.empty()) { + return; + } // can't fit to nothing + + + bb = bb || elements.boundingBox(); + var w = this.width(); + var h = this.height(); + var zoom; + padding = number$1(padding) ? padding : 0; + + if (!isNaN(w) && !isNaN(h) && w > 0 && h > 0 && !isNaN(bb.w) && !isNaN(bb.h) && bb.w > 0 && bb.h > 0) { + zoom = Math.min((w - 2 * padding) / bb.w, (h - 2 * padding) / bb.h); // crop zoom + + zoom = zoom > this._private.maxZoom ? this._private.maxZoom : zoom; + zoom = zoom < this._private.minZoom ? this._private.minZoom : zoom; + var pan = { + // now pan to middle + x: (w - zoom * (bb.x1 + bb.x2)) / 2, + y: (h - zoom * (bb.y1 + bb.y2)) / 2 + }; + return { + zoom: zoom, + pan: pan + }; + } + + return; + }, + zoomRange: function zoomRange(min, max) { + var _p = this._private; + + if (max == null) { + var opts = min; + min = opts.min; + max = opts.max; + } + + if (number$1(min) && number$1(max) && min <= max) { + _p.minZoom = min; + _p.maxZoom = max; + } else if (number$1(min) && max === undefined && min <= _p.maxZoom) { + _p.minZoom = min; + } else if (number$1(max) && min === undefined && max >= _p.minZoom) { + _p.maxZoom = max; + } + + return this; + }, + minZoom: function minZoom(zoom) { + if (zoom === undefined) { + return this._private.minZoom; + } else { + return this.zoomRange({ + min: zoom + }); + } + }, + maxZoom: function maxZoom(zoom) { + if (zoom === undefined) { + return this._private.maxZoom; + } else { + return this.zoomRange({ + max: zoom + }); + } + }, + getZoomedViewport: function getZoomedViewport(params) { + var _p = this._private; + var currentPan = _p.pan; + var currentZoom = _p.zoom; + var pos; // in rendered px + + var zoom; + var bail = false; + + if (!_p.zoomingEnabled) { + // zooming disabled + bail = true; + } + + if (number$1(params)) { + // then set the zoom + zoom = params; + } else if (plainObject(params)) { + // then zoom about a point + zoom = params.level; + + if (params.position != null) { + pos = modelToRenderedPosition(params.position, currentZoom, currentPan); + } else if (params.renderedPosition != null) { + pos = params.renderedPosition; + } + + if (pos != null && !_p.panningEnabled) { + // panning disabled + bail = true; + } + } // crop zoom + + + zoom = zoom > _p.maxZoom ? _p.maxZoom : zoom; + zoom = zoom < _p.minZoom ? _p.minZoom : zoom; // can't zoom with invalid params + + if (bail || !number$1(zoom) || zoom === currentZoom || pos != null && (!number$1(pos.x) || !number$1(pos.y))) { + return null; + } + + if (pos != null) { + // set zoom about position + var pan1 = currentPan; + var zoom1 = currentZoom; + var zoom2 = zoom; + var pan2 = { + x: -zoom2 / zoom1 * (pos.x - pan1.x) + pos.x, + y: -zoom2 / zoom1 * (pos.y - pan1.y) + pos.y + }; + return { + zoomed: true, + panned: true, + zoom: zoom2, + pan: pan2 + }; + } else { + // just set the zoom + return { + zoomed: true, + panned: false, + zoom: zoom, + pan: currentPan + }; + } + }, + zoom: function zoom(params) { + if (params === undefined) { + // get + return this._private.zoom; + } else { + // set + var vp = this.getZoomedViewport(params); + var _p = this._private; + + if (vp == null || !vp.zoomed) { + return this; + } + + _p.zoom = vp.zoom; + + if (vp.panned) { + _p.pan.x = vp.pan.x; + _p.pan.y = vp.pan.y; + } + + this.emit('zoom' + (vp.panned ? ' pan' : '') + ' viewport'); + this.notify('viewport'); + return this; // chaining + } + }, + viewport: function viewport(opts) { + var _p = this._private; + var zoomDefd = true; + var panDefd = true; + var events = []; // to trigger + + var zoomFailed = false; + var panFailed = false; + + if (!opts) { + return this; + } + + if (!number$1(opts.zoom)) { + zoomDefd = false; + } + + if (!plainObject(opts.pan)) { + panDefd = false; + } + + if (!zoomDefd && !panDefd) { + return this; + } + + if (zoomDefd) { + var z = opts.zoom; + + if (z < _p.minZoom || z > _p.maxZoom || !_p.zoomingEnabled) { + zoomFailed = true; + } else { + _p.zoom = z; + events.push('zoom'); + } + } + + if (panDefd && (!zoomFailed || !opts.cancelOnFailedZoom) && _p.panningEnabled) { + var p = opts.pan; + + if (number$1(p.x)) { + _p.pan.x = p.x; + panFailed = false; + } + + if (number$1(p.y)) { + _p.pan.y = p.y; + panFailed = false; + } + + if (!panFailed) { + events.push('pan'); + } + } + + if (events.length > 0) { + events.push('viewport'); + this.emit(events.join(' ')); + this.notify('viewport'); + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + center: function center(elements) { + var pan = this.getCenterPan(elements); + + if (pan) { + this._private.pan = pan; + this.emit('pan viewport'); + this.notify('viewport'); + } + + return this; // chaining + }, + getCenterPan: function getCenterPan(elements, zoom) { + if (!this._private.panningEnabled) { + return; + } + + if (string(elements)) { + var selector = elements; + elements = this.mutableElements().filter(selector); + } else if (!elementOrCollection(elements)) { + elements = this.mutableElements(); + } + + if (elements.length === 0) { + return; + } // can't centre pan to nothing + + + var bb = elements.boundingBox(); + var w = this.width(); + var h = this.height(); + zoom = zoom === undefined ? this._private.zoom : zoom; + var pan = { + // middle + x: (w - zoom * (bb.x1 + bb.x2)) / 2, + y: (h - zoom * (bb.y1 + bb.y2)) / 2 + }; + return pan; + }, + reset: function reset() { + if (!this._private.panningEnabled || !this._private.zoomingEnabled) { + return this; + } + + this.viewport({ + pan: { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }, + zoom: 1 + }); + return this; // chaining + }, + invalidateSize: function invalidateSize() { + this._private.sizeCache = null; + }, + size: function size() { + var _p = this._private; + var container = _p.container; + return _p.sizeCache = _p.sizeCache || (container ? function () { + var style = window$1.getComputedStyle(container); + + var val = function val(name) { + return parseFloat(style.getPropertyValue(name)); + }; + + return { + width: container.clientWidth - val('padding-left') - val('padding-right'), + height: container.clientHeight - val('padding-top') - val('padding-bottom') + }; + }() : { + // fallback if no container (not 0 b/c can be used for dividing etc) + width: 1, + height: 1 + }); + }, + width: function width() { + return this.size().width; + }, + height: function height() { + return this.size().height; + }, + extent: function extent() { + var pan = this._private.pan; + var zoom = this._private.zoom; + var rb = this.renderedExtent(); + var b = { + x1: (rb.x1 - pan.x) / zoom, + x2: (rb.x2 - pan.x) / zoom, + y1: (rb.y1 - pan.y) / zoom, + y2: (rb.y2 - pan.y) / zoom + }; + b.w = b.x2 - b.x1; + b.h = b.y2 - b.y1; + return b; + }, + renderedExtent: function renderedExtent() { + var width = this.width(); + var height = this.height(); + return { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + x2: width, + y2: height, + w: width, + h: height + }; + }, + multiClickDebounceTime: function multiClickDebounceTime(_int) { + if (_int) this._private.multiClickDebounceTime = _int;else return this._private.multiClickDebounceTime; + return this; // chaining + } +}; // aliases + +corefn$1.centre = corefn$1.center; // backwards compatibility + +corefn$1.autolockNodes = corefn$1.autolock; +corefn$1.autoungrabifyNodes = corefn$1.autoungrabify; + +var fn = { + data: define.data({ + field: 'data', + bindingEvent: 'data', + allowBinding: true, + allowSetting: true, + settingEvent: 'data', + settingTriggersEvent: true, + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + allowGetting: true, + updateStyle: true + }), + removeData: define.removeData({ + field: 'data', + event: 'data', + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + triggerEvent: true, + updateStyle: true + }), + scratch: define.data({ + field: 'scratch', + bindingEvent: 'scratch', + allowBinding: true, + allowSetting: true, + settingEvent: 'scratch', + settingTriggersEvent: true, + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + allowGetting: true, + updateStyle: true + }), + removeScratch: define.removeData({ + field: 'scratch', + event: 'scratch', + triggerFnName: 'trigger', + triggerEvent: true, + updateStyle: true + }) +}; // aliases + +fn.attr = fn.data; +fn.removeAttr = fn.removeData; + +var Core = function Core(opts) { + var cy = this; + opts = extend({}, opts); + var container = opts.container; // allow for passing a wrapped jquery object + // e.g. cytoscape({ container: $('#cy') }) + + if (container && !htmlElement(container) && htmlElement(container[0])) { + container = container[0]; + } + + var reg = container ? container._cyreg : null; // e.g. already registered some info (e.g. readies) via jquery + + reg = reg || {}; + + if (reg && reg.cy) { + reg.cy.destroy(); + reg = {}; // old instance => replace reg completely + } + + var readies = reg.readies = reg.readies || []; + + if (container) { + container._cyreg = reg; + } // make sure container assoc'd reg points to this cy + + + reg.cy = cy; + var head = window$1 !== undefined && container !== undefined && !opts.headless; + var options = opts; + options.layout = extend({ + name: head ? 'grid' : 'null' + }, options.layout); + options.renderer = extend({ + name: head ? 'canvas' : 'null' + }, options.renderer); + + var defVal = function defVal(def, val, altVal) { + if (val !== undefined) { + return val; + } else if (altVal !== undefined) { + return altVal; + } else { + return def; + } + }; + + var _p = this._private = { + container: container, + // html dom ele container + ready: false, + // whether ready has been triggered + options: options, + // cached options + elements: new Collection(this), + // elements in the graph + listeners: [], + // list of listeners + aniEles: new Collection(this), + // elements being animated + data: options.data || {}, + // data for the core + scratch: {}, + // scratch object for core + layout: null, + renderer: null, + destroyed: false, + // whether destroy was called + notificationsEnabled: true, + // whether notifications are sent to the renderer + minZoom: 1e-50, + maxZoom: 1e50, + zoomingEnabled: defVal(true, options.zoomingEnabled), + userZoomingEnabled: defVal(true, options.userZoomingEnabled), + panningEnabled: defVal(true, options.panningEnabled), + userPanningEnabled: defVal(true, options.userPanningEnabled), + boxSelectionEnabled: defVal(true, options.boxSelectionEnabled), + autolock: defVal(false, options.autolock, options.autolockNodes), + autoungrabify: defVal(false, options.autoungrabify, options.autoungrabifyNodes), + autounselectify: defVal(false, options.autounselectify), + styleEnabled: options.styleEnabled === undefined ? head : options.styleEnabled, + zoom: number$1(options.zoom) ? options.zoom : 1, + pan: { + x: plainObject(options.pan) && number$1(options.pan.x) ? options.pan.x : 0, + y: plainObject(options.pan) && number$1(options.pan.y) ? options.pan.y : 0 + }, + animation: { + // object for currently-running animations + current: [], + queue: [] + }, + hasCompoundNodes: false, + multiClickDebounceTime: defVal(250, options.multiClickDebounceTime) + }; + + this.createEmitter(); // set selection type + + this.selectionType(options.selectionType); // init zoom bounds + + this.zoomRange({ + min: options.minZoom, + max: options.maxZoom + }); + + var loadExtData = function loadExtData(extData, next) { + var anyIsPromise = extData.some(promise); + + if (anyIsPromise) { + return Promise$1.all(extData).then(next); // load all data asynchronously, then exec rest of init + } else { + next(extData); // exec synchronously for convenience + } + }; // start with the default stylesheet so we have something before loading an external stylesheet + + + if (_p.styleEnabled) { + cy.setStyle([]); + } // create the renderer + + + var rendererOptions = extend({}, options, options.renderer); // allow rendering hints in top level options + + cy.initRenderer(rendererOptions); + + var setElesAndLayout = function setElesAndLayout(elements, onload, ondone) { + cy.notifications(false); // remove old elements + + var oldEles = cy.mutableElements(); + + if (oldEles.length > 0) { + oldEles.remove(); + } + + if (elements != null) { + if (plainObject(elements) || array(elements)) { + cy.add(elements); + } + } + + cy.one('layoutready', function (e) { + cy.notifications(true); + cy.emit(e); // we missed this event by turning notifications off, so pass it on + + cy.one('load', onload); + cy.emitAndNotify('load'); + }).one('layoutstop', function () { + cy.one('done', ondone); + cy.emit('done'); + }); + var layoutOpts = extend({}, cy._private.options.layout); + layoutOpts.eles = cy.elements(); + cy.layout(layoutOpts).run(); + }; + + loadExtData([options.style, options.elements], function (thens) { + var initStyle = thens[0]; + var initEles = thens[1]; // init style + + if (_p.styleEnabled) { + cy.style().append(initStyle); + } // initial load + + + setElesAndLayout(initEles, function () { + // onready + cy.startAnimationLoop(); + _p.ready = true; // if a ready callback is specified as an option, the bind it + + if (fn$6(options.ready)) { + cy.on('ready', options.ready); + } // bind all the ready handlers registered before creating this instance + + + for (var i = 0; i < readies.length; i++) { + var fn = readies[i]; + cy.on('ready', fn); + } + + if (reg) { + reg.readies = []; + } // clear b/c we've bound them all and don't want to keep it around in case a new core uses the same div etc + + + cy.emit('ready'); + }, options.done); + }); +}; + +var corefn = Core.prototype; // short alias + +extend(corefn, { + instanceString: function instanceString() { + return 'core'; + }, + isReady: function isReady() { + return this._private.ready; + }, + destroyed: function destroyed() { + return this._private.destroyed; + }, + ready: function ready(fn) { + if (this.isReady()) { + this.emitter().emit('ready', [], fn); // just calls fn as though triggered via ready event + } else { + this.on('ready', fn); + } + + return this; + }, + destroy: function destroy() { + var cy = this; + if (cy.destroyed()) return; + cy.stopAnimationLoop(); + cy.destroyRenderer(); + this.emit('destroy'); + cy._private.destroyed = true; + return cy; + }, + hasElementWithId: function hasElementWithId(id) { + return this._private.elements.hasElementWithId(id); + }, + getElementById: function getElementById(id) { + return this._private.elements.getElementById(id); + }, + hasCompoundNodes: function hasCompoundNodes() { + return this._private.hasCompoundNodes; + }, + headless: function headless() { + return this._private.renderer.isHeadless(); + }, + styleEnabled: function styleEnabled() { + return this._private.styleEnabled; + }, + addToPool: function addToPool(eles) { + this._private.elements.merge(eles); + + return this; // chaining + }, + removeFromPool: function removeFromPool(eles) { + this._private.elements.unmerge(eles); + + return this; + }, + container: function container() { + return this._private.container || null; + }, + mount: function mount(container) { + if (container == null) { + return; + } + + var cy = this; + var _p = cy._private; + var options = _p.options; + + if (!htmlElement(container) && htmlElement(container[0])) { + container = container[0]; + } + + cy.stopAnimationLoop(); + cy.destroyRenderer(); + _p.container = container; + _p.styleEnabled = true; + cy.invalidateSize(); + cy.initRenderer(extend({}, options, options.renderer, { + // allow custom renderer name to be re-used, otherwise use canvas + name: options.renderer.name === 'null' ? 'canvas' : options.renderer.name + })); + cy.startAnimationLoop(); + cy.style(options.style); + cy.emit('mount'); + return cy; + }, + unmount: function unmount() { + var cy = this; + cy.stopAnimationLoop(); + cy.destroyRenderer(); + cy.initRenderer({ + name: 'null' + }); + cy.emit('unmount'); + return cy; + }, + options: function options() { + return copy(this._private.options); + }, + json: function json(obj) { + var cy = this; + var _p = cy._private; + var eles = cy.mutableElements(); + + var getFreshRef = function getFreshRef(ele) { + return cy.getElementById(ele.id()); + }; + + if (plainObject(obj)) { + // set + cy.startBatch(); + + if (obj.elements) { + var idInJson = {}; + + var updateEles = function updateEles(jsons, gr) { + var toAdd = []; + var toMod = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < jsons.length; i++) { + var json = jsons[i]; + + if (!json.data.id) { + warn('cy.json() cannot handle elements without an ID attribute'); + continue; + } + + var id = '' + json.data.id; // id must be string + + var ele = cy.getElementById(id); + idInJson[id] = true; + + if (ele.length !== 0) { + // existing element should be updated + toMod.push({ + ele: ele, + json: json + }); + } else { + // otherwise should be added + if (gr) { + json.group = gr; + toAdd.push(json); + } else { + toAdd.push(json); + } + } + } + + cy.add(toAdd); + + for (var _i = 0; _i < toMod.length; _i++) { + var _toMod$_i = toMod[_i], + _ele = _toMod$_i.ele, + _json = _toMod$_i.json; + + _ele.json(_json); + } + }; + + if (array(obj.elements)) { + // elements: [] + updateEles(obj.elements); + } else { + // elements: { nodes: [], edges: [] } + var grs = ['nodes', 'edges']; + + for (var i = 0; i < grs.length; i++) { + var gr = grs[i]; + var elements = obj.elements[gr]; + + if (array(elements)) { + updateEles(elements, gr); + } + } + } + + var parentsToRemove = cy.collection(); + eles.filter(function (ele) { + return !idInJson[ele.id()]; + }).forEach(function (ele) { + if (ele.isParent()) { + parentsToRemove.merge(ele); + } else { + ele.remove(); + } + }); // so that children are not removed w/parent + + parentsToRemove.forEach(function (ele) { + return ele.children().move({ + parent: null + }); + }); // intermediate parents may be moved by prior line, so make sure we remove by fresh refs + + parentsToRemove.forEach(function (ele) { + return getFreshRef(ele).remove(); + }); + } + + if (obj.style) { + cy.style(obj.style); + } + + if (obj.zoom != null && obj.zoom !== _p.zoom) { + cy.zoom(obj.zoom); + } + + if (obj.pan) { + if (obj.pan.x !== _p.pan.x || obj.pan.y !== _p.pan.y) { + cy.pan(obj.pan); + } + } + + if (obj.data) { + cy.data(obj.data); + } + + var fields = ['minZoom', 'maxZoom', 'zoomingEnabled', 'userZoomingEnabled', 'panningEnabled', 'userPanningEnabled', 'boxSelectionEnabled', 'autolock', 'autoungrabify', 'autounselectify', 'multiClickDebounceTime']; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < fields.length; _i2++) { + var f = fields[_i2]; + + if (obj[f] != null) { + cy[f](obj[f]); + } + } + + cy.endBatch(); + return this; // chaining + } else { + // get + var flat = !!obj; + var json = {}; + + if (flat) { + json.elements = this.elements().map(function (ele) { + return ele.json(); + }); + } else { + json.elements = {}; + eles.forEach(function (ele) { + var group = ele.group(); + + if (!json.elements[group]) { + json.elements[group] = []; + } + + json.elements[group].push(ele.json()); + }); + } + + if (this._private.styleEnabled) { + json.style = cy.style().json(); + } + + json.data = copy(cy.data()); + var options = _p.options; + json.zoomingEnabled = _p.zoomingEnabled; + json.userZoomingEnabled = _p.userZoomingEnabled; + json.zoom = _p.zoom; + json.minZoom = _p.minZoom; + json.maxZoom = _p.maxZoom; + json.panningEnabled = _p.panningEnabled; + json.userPanningEnabled = _p.userPanningEnabled; + json.pan = copy(_p.pan); + json.boxSelectionEnabled = _p.boxSelectionEnabled; + json.renderer = copy(options.renderer); + json.hideEdgesOnViewport = options.hideEdgesOnViewport; + json.textureOnViewport = options.textureOnViewport; + json.wheelSensitivity = options.wheelSensitivity; + json.motionBlur = options.motionBlur; + json.multiClickDebounceTime = options.multiClickDebounceTime; + return json; + } + } +}); +corefn.$id = corefn.getElementById; +[corefn$9, corefn$8, elesfn, corefn$7, corefn$6, corefn$5, corefn$4, corefn$3, corefn$2, corefn$1, fn].forEach(function (props) { + extend(corefn, props); +}); + +/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */ + +var defaults$7 = { + fit: true, + // whether to fit the viewport to the graph + directed: false, + // whether the tree is directed downwards (or edges can point in any direction if false) + padding: 30, + // padding on fit + circle: false, + // put depths in concentric circles if true, put depths top down if false + grid: false, + // whether to create an even grid into which the DAG is placed (circle:false only) + spacingFactor: 1.75, + // positive spacing factor, larger => more space between nodes (N.B. n/a if causes overlap) + boundingBox: undefined, + // constrain layout bounds; { x1, y1, x2, y2 } or { x1, y1, w, h } + avoidOverlap: true, + // prevents node overlap, may overflow boundingBox if not enough space + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false, + // Excludes the label when calculating node bounding boxes for the layout algorithm + roots: undefined, + // the roots of the trees + maximal: false, + // whether to shift nodes down their natural BFS depths in order to avoid upwards edges (DAGS only) + depthSort: undefined, + // a sorting function to order nodes at equal depth. e.g. function(a, b){ return a.data('weight') - b.data('weight') } + animate: false, + // whether to transition the node positions + animationDuration: 500, + // duration of animation in ms if enabled + animationEasing: undefined, + // easing of animation if enabled, + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // a function that determines whether the node should be animated. All nodes animated by default on animate enabled. Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + ready: undefined, + // callback on layoutready + stop: undefined, + // callback on layoutstop + transform: function transform(node, position) { + return position; + } // transform a given node position. Useful for changing flow direction in discrete layouts + +}; +/* eslint-enable */ + +var getInfo = function getInfo(ele) { + return ele.scratch('breadthfirst'); +}; + +var setInfo = function setInfo(ele, obj) { + return ele.scratch('breadthfirst', obj); +}; + +function BreadthFirstLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$7, options); +} + +BreadthFirstLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var params = this.options; + var options = params; + var cy = params.cy; + var eles = options.eles; + var nodes = eles.nodes().filter(function (n) { + return !n.isParent(); + }); + var graph = eles; + var directed = options.directed; + var maximal = options.maximal || options.maximalAdjustments > 0; // maximalAdjustments for compat. w/ old code + + var bb = makeBoundingBox(options.boundingBox ? options.boundingBox : { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + w: cy.width(), + h: cy.height() + }); + var roots; + + if (elementOrCollection(options.roots)) { + roots = options.roots; + } else if (array(options.roots)) { + var rootsArray = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < options.roots.length; i++) { + var id = options.roots[i]; + var ele = cy.getElementById(id); + rootsArray.push(ele); + } + + roots = cy.collection(rootsArray); + } else if (string(options.roots)) { + roots = cy.$(options.roots); + } else { + if (directed) { + roots = nodes.roots(); + } else { + var components = eles.components(); + roots = cy.collection(); + + var _loop = function _loop(_i) { + var comp = components[_i]; + var maxDegree = comp.maxDegree(false); + var compRoots = comp.filter(function (ele) { + return ele.degree(false) === maxDegree; + }); + roots = roots.add(compRoots); + }; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < components.length; _i++) { + _loop(_i); + } + } + } + + var depths = []; + var foundByBfs = {}; + + var addToDepth = function addToDepth(ele, d) { + if (depths[d] == null) { + depths[d] = []; + } + + var i = depths[d].length; + depths[d].push(ele); + setInfo(ele, { + index: i, + depth: d + }); + }; + + var changeDepth = function changeDepth(ele, newDepth) { + var _getInfo = getInfo(ele), + depth = _getInfo.depth, + index = _getInfo.index; + + depths[depth][index] = null; + addToDepth(ele, newDepth); + }; // find the depths of the nodes + + + graph.bfs({ + roots: roots, + directed: options.directed, + visit: function visit(node, edge, pNode, i, depth) { + var ele = node[0]; + var id = ele.id(); + addToDepth(ele, depth); + foundByBfs[id] = true; + } + }); // check for nodes not found by bfs + + var orphanNodes = []; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < nodes.length; _i2++) { + var _ele = nodes[_i2]; + + if (foundByBfs[_ele.id()]) { + continue; + } else { + orphanNodes.push(_ele); + } + } // assign the nodes a depth and index + + + var assignDepthsAt = function assignDepthsAt(i) { + var eles = depths[i]; + + for (var j = 0; j < eles.length; j++) { + var _ele2 = eles[j]; + + if (_ele2 == null) { + eles.splice(j, 1); + j--; + continue; + } + + setInfo(_ele2, { + depth: i, + index: j + }); + } + }; + + var assignDepths = function assignDepths() { + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < depths.length; _i3++) { + assignDepthsAt(_i3); + } + }; + + var adjustMaximally = function adjustMaximally(ele, shifted) { + var eInfo = getInfo(ele); + var incomers = ele.incomers().filter(function (el) { + return el.isNode() && eles.has(el); + }); + var maxDepth = -1; + var id = ele.id(); + + for (var k = 0; k < incomers.length; k++) { + var incmr = incomers[k]; + var iInfo = getInfo(incmr); + maxDepth = Math.max(maxDepth, iInfo.depth); + } + + if (eInfo.depth <= maxDepth) { + if (shifted[id]) { + return null; + } + + changeDepth(ele, maxDepth + 1); + shifted[id] = true; + return true; + } + + return false; + }; // for the directed case, try to make the edges all go down (i.e. depth i => depth i + 1) + + + if (directed && maximal) { + var Q = []; + var shifted = {}; + + var enqueue = function enqueue(n) { + return Q.push(n); + }; + + var dequeue = function dequeue() { + return Q.shift(); + }; + + nodes.forEach(function (n) { + return Q.push(n); + }); + + while (Q.length > 0) { + var _ele3 = dequeue(); + + var didShift = adjustMaximally(_ele3, shifted); + + if (didShift) { + _ele3.outgoers().filter(function (el) { + return el.isNode() && eles.has(el); + }).forEach(enqueue); + } else if (didShift === null) { + warn('Detected double maximal shift for node `' + _ele3.id() + '`. Bailing maximal adjustment due to cycle. Use `options.maximal: true` only on DAGs.'); + break; // exit on failure + } + } + } + + assignDepths(); // clear holes + // find min distance we need to leave between nodes + + var minDistance = 0; + + if (options.avoidOverlap) { + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < nodes.length; _i4++) { + var n = nodes[_i4]; + var nbb = n.layoutDimensions(options); + var w = nbb.w; + var h = nbb.h; + minDistance = Math.max(minDistance, w, h); + } + } // get the weighted percent for an element based on its connectivity to other levels + + + var cachedWeightedPercent = {}; + + var getWeightedPercent = function getWeightedPercent(ele) { + if (cachedWeightedPercent[ele.id()]) { + return cachedWeightedPercent[ele.id()]; + } + + var eleDepth = getInfo(ele).depth; + var neighbors = ele.neighborhood(); + var percent = 0; + var samples = 0; + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < neighbors.length; _i5++) { + var neighbor = neighbors[_i5]; + + if (neighbor.isEdge() || neighbor.isParent() || !nodes.has(neighbor)) { + continue; + } + + var bf = getInfo(neighbor); + + if (bf == null) { + continue; + } + + var index = bf.index; + var depth = bf.depth; // unassigned neighbours shouldn't affect the ordering + + if (index == null || depth == null) { + continue; + } + + var nDepth = depths[depth].length; + + if (depth < eleDepth) { + // only get influenced by elements above + percent += index / nDepth; + samples++; + } + } + + samples = Math.max(1, samples); + percent = percent / samples; + + if (samples === 0) { + // put lone nodes at the start + percent = 0; + } + + cachedWeightedPercent[ele.id()] = percent; + return percent; + }; // rearrange the indices in each depth level based on connectivity + + + var sortFn = function sortFn(a, b) { + var apct = getWeightedPercent(a); + var bpct = getWeightedPercent(b); + var diff = apct - bpct; + + if (diff === 0) { + return ascending(a.id(), b.id()); // make sure sort doesn't have don't-care comparisons + } else { + return diff; + } + }; + + if (options.depthSort !== undefined) { + sortFn = options.depthSort; + } // sort each level to make connected nodes closer + + + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < depths.length; _i6++) { + depths[_i6].sort(sortFn); + + assignDepthsAt(_i6); + } // assign orphan nodes to a new top-level depth + + + var orphanDepth = []; + + for (var _i7 = 0; _i7 < orphanNodes.length; _i7++) { + orphanDepth.push(orphanNodes[_i7]); + } + + depths.unshift(orphanDepth); + assignDepths(); + var biggestDepthSize = 0; + + for (var _i8 = 0; _i8 < depths.length; _i8++) { + biggestDepthSize = Math.max(depths[_i8].length, biggestDepthSize); + } + + var center = { + x: bb.x1 + bb.w / 2, + y: bb.x1 + bb.h / 2 + }; + var maxDepthSize = depths.reduce(function (max, eles) { + return Math.max(max, eles.length); + }, 0); + + var getPosition = function getPosition(ele) { + var _getInfo2 = getInfo(ele), + depth = _getInfo2.depth, + index = _getInfo2.index; + + var depthSize = depths[depth].length; + var distanceX = Math.max(bb.w / ((options.grid ? maxDepthSize : depthSize) + 1), minDistance); + var distanceY = Math.max(bb.h / (depths.length + 1), minDistance); + var radiusStepSize = Math.min(bb.w / 2 / depths.length, bb.h / 2 / depths.length); + radiusStepSize = Math.max(radiusStepSize, minDistance); + + if (!options.circle) { + var epos = { + x: center.x + (index + 1 - (depthSize + 1) / 2) * distanceX, + y: (depth + 1) * distanceY + }; + return epos; + } else { + var radius = radiusStepSize * depth + radiusStepSize - (depths.length > 0 && depths[0].length <= 3 ? radiusStepSize / 2 : 0); + var theta = 2 * Math.PI / depths[depth].length * index; + + if (depth === 0 && depths[0].length === 1) { + radius = 1; + } + + return { + x: center.x + radius * Math.cos(theta), + y: center.y + radius * Math.sin(theta) + }; + } + }; + + eles.nodes().layoutPositions(this, options, getPosition); + return this; // chaining +}; + +var defaults$6 = { + fit: true, + // whether to fit the viewport to the graph + padding: 30, + // the padding on fit + boundingBox: undefined, + // constrain layout bounds; { x1, y1, x2, y2 } or { x1, y1, w, h } + avoidOverlap: true, + // prevents node overlap, may overflow boundingBox and radius if not enough space + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false, + // Excludes the label when calculating node bounding boxes for the layout algorithm + spacingFactor: undefined, + // Applies a multiplicative factor (>0) to expand or compress the overall area that the nodes take up + radius: undefined, + // the radius of the circle + startAngle: 3 / 2 * Math.PI, + // where nodes start in radians + sweep: undefined, + // how many radians should be between the first and last node (defaults to full circle) + clockwise: true, + // whether the layout should go clockwise (true) or counterclockwise/anticlockwise (false) + sort: undefined, + // a sorting function to order the nodes; e.g. function(a, b){ return a.data('weight') - b.data('weight') } + animate: false, + // whether to transition the node positions + animationDuration: 500, + // duration of animation in ms if enabled + animationEasing: undefined, + // easing of animation if enabled + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // a function that determines whether the node should be animated. All nodes animated by default on animate enabled. Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + ready: undefined, + // callback on layoutready + stop: undefined, + // callback on layoutstop + transform: function transform(node, position) { + return position; + } // transform a given node position. Useful for changing flow direction in discrete layouts + +}; + +function CircleLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$6, options); +} + +CircleLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var params = this.options; + var options = params; + var cy = params.cy; + var eles = options.eles; + var clockwise = options.counterclockwise !== undefined ? !options.counterclockwise : options.clockwise; + var nodes = eles.nodes().not(':parent'); + + if (options.sort) { + nodes = nodes.sort(options.sort); + } + + var bb = makeBoundingBox(options.boundingBox ? options.boundingBox : { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + w: cy.width(), + h: cy.height() + }); + var center = { + x: bb.x1 + bb.w / 2, + y: bb.y1 + bb.h / 2 + }; + var sweep = options.sweep === undefined ? 2 * Math.PI - 2 * Math.PI / nodes.length : options.sweep; + var dTheta = sweep / Math.max(1, nodes.length - 1); + var r; + var minDistance = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var n = nodes[i]; + var nbb = n.layoutDimensions(options); + var w = nbb.w; + var h = nbb.h; + minDistance = Math.max(minDistance, w, h); + } + + if (number$1(options.radius)) { + r = options.radius; + } else if (nodes.length <= 1) { + r = 0; + } else { + r = Math.min(bb.h, bb.w) / 2 - minDistance; + } // calculate the radius + + + if (nodes.length > 1 && options.avoidOverlap) { + // but only if more than one node (can't overlap) + minDistance *= 1.75; // just to have some nice spacing + + var dcos = Math.cos(dTheta) - Math.cos(0); + var dsin = Math.sin(dTheta) - Math.sin(0); + var rMin = Math.sqrt(minDistance * minDistance / (dcos * dcos + dsin * dsin)); // s.t. no nodes overlapping + + r = Math.max(rMin, r); + } + + var getPos = function getPos(ele, i) { + var theta = options.startAngle + i * dTheta * (clockwise ? 1 : -1); + var rx = r * Math.cos(theta); + var ry = r * Math.sin(theta); + var pos = { + x: center.x + rx, + y: center.y + ry + }; + return pos; + }; + + eles.nodes().layoutPositions(this, options, getPos); + return this; // chaining +}; + +var defaults$5 = { + fit: true, + // whether to fit the viewport to the graph + padding: 30, + // the padding on fit + startAngle: 3 / 2 * Math.PI, + // where nodes start in radians + sweep: undefined, + // how many radians should be between the first and last node (defaults to full circle) + clockwise: true, + // whether the layout should go clockwise (true) or counterclockwise/anticlockwise (false) + equidistant: false, + // whether levels have an equal radial distance betwen them, may cause bounding box overflow + minNodeSpacing: 10, + // min spacing between outside of nodes (used for radius adjustment) + boundingBox: undefined, + // constrain layout bounds; { x1, y1, x2, y2 } or { x1, y1, w, h } + avoidOverlap: true, + // prevents node overlap, may overflow boundingBox if not enough space + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false, + // Excludes the label when calculating node bounding boxes for the layout algorithm + height: undefined, + // height of layout area (overrides container height) + width: undefined, + // width of layout area (overrides container width) + spacingFactor: undefined, + // Applies a multiplicative factor (>0) to expand or compress the overall area that the nodes take up + concentric: function concentric(node) { + // returns numeric value for each node, placing higher nodes in levels towards the centre + return node.degree(); + }, + levelWidth: function levelWidth(nodes) { + // the variation of concentric values in each level + return nodes.maxDegree() / 4; + }, + animate: false, + // whether to transition the node positions + animationDuration: 500, + // duration of animation in ms if enabled + animationEasing: undefined, + // easing of animation if enabled + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // a function that determines whether the node should be animated. All nodes animated by default on animate enabled. Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + ready: undefined, + // callback on layoutready + stop: undefined, + // callback on layoutstop + transform: function transform(node, position) { + return position; + } // transform a given node position. Useful for changing flow direction in discrete layouts + +}; + +function ConcentricLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$5, options); +} + +ConcentricLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var params = this.options; + var options = params; + var clockwise = options.counterclockwise !== undefined ? !options.counterclockwise : options.clockwise; + var cy = params.cy; + var eles = options.eles; + var nodes = eles.nodes().not(':parent'); + var bb = makeBoundingBox(options.boundingBox ? options.boundingBox : { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + w: cy.width(), + h: cy.height() + }); + var center = { + x: bb.x1 + bb.w / 2, + y: bb.y1 + bb.h / 2 + }; + var nodeValues = []; // { node, value } + + var maxNodeSize = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + var value = void 0; // calculate the node value + + value = options.concentric(node); + nodeValues.push({ + value: value, + node: node + }); // for style mapping + + node._private.scratch.concentric = value; + } // in case we used the `concentric` in style + + + nodes.updateStyle(); // calculate max size now based on potentially updated mappers + + for (var _i = 0; _i < nodes.length; _i++) { + var _node = nodes[_i]; + + var nbb = _node.layoutDimensions(options); + + maxNodeSize = Math.max(maxNodeSize, nbb.w, nbb.h); + } // sort node values in descreasing order + + + nodeValues.sort(function (a, b) { + return b.value - a.value; + }); + var levelWidth = options.levelWidth(nodes); // put the values into levels + + var levels = [[]]; + var currentLevel = levels[0]; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < nodeValues.length; _i2++) { + var val = nodeValues[_i2]; + + if (currentLevel.length > 0) { + var diff = Math.abs(currentLevel[0].value - val.value); + + if (diff >= levelWidth) { + currentLevel = []; + levels.push(currentLevel); + } + } + + currentLevel.push(val); + } // create positions from levels + + + var minDist = maxNodeSize + options.minNodeSpacing; // min dist between nodes + + if (!options.avoidOverlap) { + // then strictly constrain to bb + var firstLvlHasMulti = levels.length > 0 && levels[0].length > 1; + var maxR = Math.min(bb.w, bb.h) / 2 - minDist; + var rStep = maxR / (levels.length + firstLvlHasMulti ? 1 : 0); + minDist = Math.min(minDist, rStep); + } // find the metrics for each level + + + var r = 0; + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < levels.length; _i3++) { + var level = levels[_i3]; + var sweep = options.sweep === undefined ? 2 * Math.PI - 2 * Math.PI / level.length : options.sweep; + var dTheta = level.dTheta = sweep / Math.max(1, level.length - 1); // calculate the radius + + if (level.length > 1 && options.avoidOverlap) { + // but only if more than one node (can't overlap) + var dcos = Math.cos(dTheta) - Math.cos(0); + var dsin = Math.sin(dTheta) - Math.sin(0); + var rMin = Math.sqrt(minDist * minDist / (dcos * dcos + dsin * dsin)); // s.t. no nodes overlapping + + r = Math.max(rMin, r); + } + + level.r = r; + r += minDist; + } + + if (options.equidistant) { + var rDeltaMax = 0; + var _r = 0; + + for (var _i4 = 0; _i4 < levels.length; _i4++) { + var _level = levels[_i4]; + var rDelta = _level.r - _r; + rDeltaMax = Math.max(rDeltaMax, rDelta); + } + + _r = 0; + + for (var _i5 = 0; _i5 < levels.length; _i5++) { + var _level2 = levels[_i5]; + + if (_i5 === 0) { + _r = _level2.r; + } + + _level2.r = _r; + _r += rDeltaMax; + } + } // calculate the node positions + + + var pos = {}; // id => position + + for (var _i6 = 0; _i6 < levels.length; _i6++) { + var _level3 = levels[_i6]; + var _dTheta = _level3.dTheta; + var _r2 = _level3.r; + + for (var j = 0; j < _level3.length; j++) { + var _val = _level3[j]; + var theta = options.startAngle + (clockwise ? 1 : -1) * _dTheta * j; + var p = { + x: center.x + _r2 * Math.cos(theta), + y: center.y + _r2 * Math.sin(theta) + }; + pos[_val.node.id()] = p; + } + } // position the nodes + + + eles.nodes().layoutPositions(this, options, function (ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + return pos[id]; + }); + return this; // chaining +}; + +/* +The CoSE layout was written by Gerardo Huck. +https://www.linkedin.com/in/gerardohuck/ + +Based on the following article: +http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1498047 + +Modifications tracked on Github. +*/ +var DEBUG; +/** + * @brief : default layout options + */ + +var defaults$4 = { + // Called on `layoutready` + ready: function ready() {}, + // Called on `layoutstop` + stop: function stop() {}, + // Whether to animate while running the layout + // true : Animate continuously as the layout is running + // false : Just show the end result + // 'end' : Animate with the end result, from the initial positions to the end positions + animate: true, + // Easing of the animation for animate:'end' + animationEasing: undefined, + // The duration of the animation for animate:'end' + animationDuration: undefined, + // A function that determines whether the node should be animated + // All nodes animated by default on animate enabled + // Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // The layout animates only after this many milliseconds for animate:true + // (prevents flashing on fast runs) + animationThreshold: 250, + // Number of iterations between consecutive screen positions update + refresh: 20, + // Whether to fit the network view after when done + fit: true, + // Padding on fit + padding: 30, + // Constrain layout bounds; { x1, y1, x2, y2 } or { x1, y1, w, h } + boundingBox: undefined, + // Excludes the label when calculating node bounding boxes for the layout algorithm + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false, + // Randomize the initial positions of the nodes (true) or use existing positions (false) + randomize: false, + // Extra spacing between components in non-compound graphs + componentSpacing: 40, + // Node repulsion (non overlapping) multiplier + nodeRepulsion: function nodeRepulsion(node) { + return 2048; + }, + // Node repulsion (overlapping) multiplier + nodeOverlap: 4, + // Ideal edge (non nested) length + idealEdgeLength: function idealEdgeLength(edge) { + return 32; + }, + // Divisor to compute edge forces + edgeElasticity: function edgeElasticity(edge) { + return 32; + }, + // Nesting factor (multiplier) to compute ideal edge length for nested edges + nestingFactor: 1.2, + // Gravity force (constant) + gravity: 1, + // Maximum number of iterations to perform + numIter: 1000, + // Initial temperature (maximum node displacement) + initialTemp: 1000, + // Cooling factor (how the temperature is reduced between consecutive iterations + coolingFactor: 0.99, + // Lower temperature threshold (below this point the layout will end) + minTemp: 1.0 +}; +/** + * @brief : constructor + * @arg options : object containing layout options + */ + +function CoseLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$4, options); + this.options.layout = this; +} +/** + * @brief : runs the layout + */ + + +CoseLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var options = this.options; + var cy = options.cy; + var layout = this; + layout.stopped = false; + + if (options.animate === true || options.animate === false) { + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutstart', + layout: layout + }); + } // Set DEBUG - Global variable + + + if (true === options.debug) { + DEBUG = true; + } else { + DEBUG = false; + } // Initialize layout info + + + var layoutInfo = createLayoutInfo(cy, layout, options); // Show LayoutInfo contents if debugging + + if (DEBUG) { + printLayoutInfo(layoutInfo); + } // If required, randomize node positions + + + if (options.randomize) { + randomizePositions(layoutInfo); + } + + var startTime = performanceNow(); + + var refresh = function refresh() { + refreshPositions(layoutInfo, cy, options); // Fit the graph if necessary + + if (true === options.fit) { + cy.fit(options.padding); + } + }; + + var mainLoop = function mainLoop(i) { + if (layout.stopped || i >= options.numIter) { + // logDebug("Layout manually stopped. Stopping computation in step " + i); + return false; + } // Do one step in the phisical simulation + + + step(layoutInfo, options); // Update temperature + + layoutInfo.temperature = layoutInfo.temperature * options.coolingFactor; // logDebug("New temperature: " + layoutInfo.temperature); + + if (layoutInfo.temperature < options.minTemp) { + // logDebug("Temperature drop below minimum threshold. Stopping computation in step " + i); + return false; + } + + return true; + }; + + var done = function done() { + if (options.animate === true || options.animate === false) { + refresh(); // Layout has finished + + layout.one('layoutstop', options.stop); + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutstop', + layout: layout + }); + } else { + var nodes = options.eles.nodes(); + var getScaledPos = getScaleInBoundsFn(layoutInfo, options, nodes); + nodes.layoutPositions(layout, options, getScaledPos); + } + }; + + var i = 0; + var loopRet = true; + + if (options.animate === true) { + var frame = function frame() { + var f = 0; + + while (loopRet && f < options.refresh) { + loopRet = mainLoop(i); + i++; + f++; + } + + if (!loopRet) { + // it's done + separateComponents(layoutInfo, options); + done(); + } else { + var now = performanceNow(); + + if (now - startTime >= options.animationThreshold) { + refresh(); + } + + requestAnimationFrame(frame); + } + }; + + frame(); + } else { + while (loopRet) { + loopRet = mainLoop(i); + i++; + } + + separateComponents(layoutInfo, options); + done(); + } + + return this; // chaining +}; +/** + * @brief : called on continuous layouts to stop them before they finish + */ + + +CoseLayout.prototype.stop = function () { + this.stopped = true; + + if (this.thread) { + this.thread.stop(); + } + + this.emit('layoutstop'); + return this; // chaining +}; + +CoseLayout.prototype.destroy = function () { + if (this.thread) { + this.thread.stop(); + } + + return this; // chaining +}; +/** + * @brief : Creates an object which is contains all the data + * used in the layout process + * @arg cy : cytoscape.js object + * @return : layoutInfo object initialized + */ + + +var createLayoutInfo = function createLayoutInfo(cy, layout, options) { + // Shortcut + var edges = options.eles.edges(); + var nodes = options.eles.nodes(); + var layoutInfo = { + isCompound: cy.hasCompoundNodes(), + layoutNodes: [], + idToIndex: {}, + nodeSize: nodes.size(), + graphSet: [], + indexToGraph: [], + layoutEdges: [], + edgeSize: edges.size(), + temperature: options.initialTemp, + clientWidth: cy.width(), + clientHeight: cy.width(), + boundingBox: makeBoundingBox(options.boundingBox ? options.boundingBox : { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + w: cy.width(), + h: cy.height() + }) + }; + var components = options.eles.components(); + var id2cmptId = {}; + + for (var i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { + var component = components[i]; + + for (var j = 0; j < component.length; j++) { + var node = component[j]; + id2cmptId[node.id()] = i; + } + } // Iterate over all nodes, creating layout nodes + + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.nodeSize; i++) { + var n = nodes[i]; + var nbb = n.layoutDimensions(options); + var tempNode = {}; + tempNode.isLocked = n.locked(); + tempNode.id = n.data('id'); + tempNode.parentId = n.data('parent'); + tempNode.cmptId = id2cmptId[n.id()]; + tempNode.children = []; + tempNode.positionX = n.position('x'); + tempNode.positionY = n.position('y'); + tempNode.offsetX = 0; + tempNode.offsetY = 0; + tempNode.height = nbb.w; + tempNode.width = nbb.h; + tempNode.maxX = tempNode.positionX + tempNode.width / 2; + tempNode.minX = tempNode.positionX - tempNode.width / 2; + tempNode.maxY = tempNode.positionY + tempNode.height / 2; + tempNode.minY = tempNode.positionY - tempNode.height / 2; + tempNode.padLeft = parseFloat(n.style('padding')); + tempNode.padRight = parseFloat(n.style('padding')); + tempNode.padTop = parseFloat(n.style('padding')); + tempNode.padBottom = parseFloat(n.style('padding')); // forces + + tempNode.nodeRepulsion = fn$6(options.nodeRepulsion) ? options.nodeRepulsion(n) : options.nodeRepulsion; // Add new node + + layoutInfo.layoutNodes.push(tempNode); // Add entry to id-index map + + layoutInfo.idToIndex[tempNode.id] = i; + } // Inline implementation of a queue, used for traversing the graph in BFS order + + + var queue = []; + var start = 0; // Points to the start the queue + + var end = -1; // Points to the end of the queue + + var tempGraph = []; // Second pass to add child information and + // initialize queue for hierarchical traversal + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.nodeSize; i++) { + var n = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[i]; + var p_id = n.parentId; // Check if node n has a parent node + + if (null != p_id) { + // Add node Id to parent's list of children + layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[p_id]].children.push(n.id); + } else { + // If a node doesn't have a parent, then it's in the root graph + queue[++end] = n.id; + tempGraph.push(n.id); + } + } // Add root graph to graphSet + + + layoutInfo.graphSet.push(tempGraph); // Traverse the graph, level by level, + + while (start <= end) { + // Get the node to visit and remove it from queue + var node_id = queue[start++]; + var node_ix = layoutInfo.idToIndex[node_id]; + var node = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[node_ix]; + var children = node.children; + + if (children.length > 0) { + // Add children nodes as a new graph to graph set + layoutInfo.graphSet.push(children); // Add children to que queue to be visited + + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + queue[++end] = children[i]; + } + } + } // Create indexToGraph map + + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.graphSet.length; i++) { + var graph = layoutInfo.graphSet[i]; + + for (var j = 0; j < graph.length; j++) { + var index = layoutInfo.idToIndex[graph[j]]; + layoutInfo.indexToGraph[index] = i; + } + } // Iterate over all edges, creating Layout Edges + + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.edgeSize; i++) { + var e = edges[i]; + var tempEdge = {}; + tempEdge.id = e.data('id'); + tempEdge.sourceId = e.data('source'); + tempEdge.targetId = e.data('target'); // Compute ideal length + + var idealLength = fn$6(options.idealEdgeLength) ? options.idealEdgeLength(e) : options.idealEdgeLength; + var elasticity = fn$6(options.edgeElasticity) ? options.edgeElasticity(e) : options.edgeElasticity; // Check if it's an inter graph edge + + var sourceIx = layoutInfo.idToIndex[tempEdge.sourceId]; + var targetIx = layoutInfo.idToIndex[tempEdge.targetId]; + var sourceGraph = layoutInfo.indexToGraph[sourceIx]; + var targetGraph = layoutInfo.indexToGraph[targetIx]; + + if (sourceGraph != targetGraph) { + // Find lowest common graph ancestor + var lca = findLCA(tempEdge.sourceId, tempEdge.targetId, layoutInfo); // Compute sum of node depths, relative to lca graph + + var lcaGraph = layoutInfo.graphSet[lca]; + var depth = 0; // Source depth + + var tempNode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[sourceIx]; + + while (-1 === lcaGraph.indexOf(tempNode.id)) { + tempNode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[tempNode.parentId]]; + depth++; + } // Target depth + + + tempNode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[targetIx]; + + while (-1 === lcaGraph.indexOf(tempNode.id)) { + tempNode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[tempNode.parentId]]; + depth++; + } // logDebug('LCA of nodes ' + tempEdge.sourceId + ' and ' + tempEdge.targetId + + // ". Index: " + lca + " Contents: " + lcaGraph.toString() + + // ". Depth: " + depth); + // Update idealLength + + + idealLength *= depth * options.nestingFactor; + } + + tempEdge.idealLength = idealLength; + tempEdge.elasticity = elasticity; + layoutInfo.layoutEdges.push(tempEdge); + } // Finally, return layoutInfo object + + + return layoutInfo; +}; +/** + * @brief : This function finds the index of the lowest common + * graph ancestor between 2 nodes in the subtree + * (from the graph hierarchy induced tree) whose + * root is graphIx + * + * @arg node1: node1's ID + * @arg node2: node2's ID + * @arg layoutInfo: layoutInfo object + * + */ + + +var findLCA = function findLCA(node1, node2, layoutInfo) { + // Find their common ancester, starting from the root graph + var res = findLCA_aux(node1, node2, 0, layoutInfo); + + if (2 > res.count) { + // If aux function couldn't find the common ancester, + // then it is the root graph + return 0; + } else { + return res.graph; + } +}; +/** + * @brief : Auxiliary function used for LCA computation + * + * @arg node1 : node1's ID + * @arg node2 : node2's ID + * @arg graphIx : subgraph index + * @arg layoutInfo : layoutInfo object + * + * @return : object of the form {count: X, graph: Y}, where: + * X is the number of ancesters (max: 2) found in + * graphIx (and it's subgraphs), + * Y is the graph index of the lowest graph containing + * all X nodes + */ + + +var findLCA_aux = function findLCA_aux(node1, node2, graphIx, layoutInfo) { + var graph = layoutInfo.graphSet[graphIx]; // If both nodes belongs to graphIx + + if (-1 < graph.indexOf(node1) && -1 < graph.indexOf(node2)) { + return { + count: 2, + graph: graphIx + }; + } // Make recursive calls for all subgraphs + + + var c = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < graph.length; i++) { + var nodeId = graph[i]; + var nodeIx = layoutInfo.idToIndex[nodeId]; + var children = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[nodeIx].children; // If the node has no child, skip it + + if (0 === children.length) { + continue; + } + + var childGraphIx = layoutInfo.indexToGraph[layoutInfo.idToIndex[children[0]]]; + var result = findLCA_aux(node1, node2, childGraphIx, layoutInfo); + + if (0 === result.count) { + // Neither node1 nor node2 are present in this subgraph + continue; + } else if (1 === result.count) { + // One of (node1, node2) is present in this subgraph + c++; + + if (2 === c) { + // We've already found both nodes, no need to keep searching + break; + } + } else { + // Both nodes are present in this subgraph + return result; + } + } + + return { + count: c, + graph: graphIx + }; +}; +/** + * @brief: printsLayoutInfo into js console + * Only used for debbuging + */ + + +var printLayoutInfo; +/** + * @brief : Randomizes the position of all nodes + */ + + +var randomizePositions = function randomizePositions(layoutInfo, cy) { + var width = layoutInfo.clientWidth; + var height = layoutInfo.clientHeight; + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.nodeSize; i++) { + var n = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[i]; // No need to randomize compound nodes or locked nodes + + if (0 === n.children.length && !n.isLocked) { + n.positionX = Math.random() * width; + n.positionY = Math.random() * height; + } + } +}; + +var getScaleInBoundsFn = function getScaleInBoundsFn(layoutInfo, options, nodes) { + var bb = layoutInfo.boundingBox; + var coseBB = { + x1: Infinity, + x2: -Infinity, + y1: Infinity, + y2: -Infinity + }; + + if (options.boundingBox) { + nodes.forEach(function (node) { + var lnode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[node.data('id')]]; + coseBB.x1 = Math.min(coseBB.x1, lnode.positionX); + coseBB.x2 = Math.max(coseBB.x2, lnode.positionX); + coseBB.y1 = Math.min(coseBB.y1, lnode.positionY); + coseBB.y2 = Math.max(coseBB.y2, lnode.positionY); + }); + coseBB.w = coseBB.x2 - coseBB.x1; + coseBB.h = coseBB.y2 - coseBB.y1; + } + + return function (ele, i) { + var lnode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[ele.data('id')]]; + + if (options.boundingBox) { + // then add extra bounding box constraint + var pctX = (lnode.positionX - coseBB.x1) / coseBB.w; + var pctY = (lnode.positionY - coseBB.y1) / coseBB.h; + return { + x: bb.x1 + pctX * bb.w, + y: bb.y1 + pctY * bb.h + }; + } else { + return { + x: lnode.positionX, + y: lnode.positionY + }; + } + }; +}; +/** + * @brief : Updates the positions of nodes in the network + * @arg layoutInfo : LayoutInfo object + * @arg cy : Cytoscape object + * @arg options : Layout options + */ + + +var refreshPositions = function refreshPositions(layoutInfo, cy, options) { + // var s = 'Refreshing positions'; + // logDebug(s); + var layout = options.layout; + var nodes = options.eles.nodes(); + var getScaledPos = getScaleInBoundsFn(layoutInfo, options, nodes); + nodes.positions(getScaledPos); // Trigger layoutReady only on first call + + if (true !== layoutInfo.ready) { + // s = 'Triggering layoutready'; + // logDebug(s); + layoutInfo.ready = true; + layout.one('layoutready', options.ready); + layout.emit({ + type: 'layoutready', + layout: this + }); + } +}; +/** + * @brief : Logs a debug message in JS console, if DEBUG is ON + */ +// var logDebug = function(text) { +// if (DEBUG) { +// console.debug(text); +// } +// }; + +/** + * @brief : Performs one iteration of the physical simulation + * @arg layoutInfo : LayoutInfo object already initialized + * @arg cy : Cytoscape object + * @arg options : Layout options + */ + + +var step = function step(layoutInfo, options, _step) { + // var s = "\n\n###############################"; + // s += "\nSTEP: " + step; + // s += "\n###############################\n"; + // logDebug(s); + // Calculate node repulsions + calculateNodeForces(layoutInfo, options); // Calculate edge forces + + calculateEdgeForces(layoutInfo); // Calculate gravity forces + + calculateGravityForces(layoutInfo, options); // Propagate forces from parent to child + + propagateForces(layoutInfo); // Update positions based on calculated forces + + updatePositions(layoutInfo); +}; +/** + * @brief : Computes the node repulsion forces + */ + + +var calculateNodeForces = function calculateNodeForces(layoutInfo, options) { + // Go through each of the graphs in graphSet + // Nodes only repel each other if they belong to the same graph + // var s = 'calculateNodeForces'; + // logDebug(s); + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.graphSet.length; i++) { + var graph = layoutInfo.graphSet[i]; + var numNodes = graph.length; // s = "Set: " + graph.toString(); + // logDebug(s); + // Now get all the pairs of nodes + // Only get each pair once, (A, B) = (B, A) + + for (var j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) { + var node1 = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[graph[j]]]; + + for (var k = j + 1; k < numNodes; k++) { + var node2 = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[graph[k]]]; + nodeRepulsion(node1, node2, layoutInfo, options); + } + } + } +}; + +var randomDistance = function randomDistance(max) { + return -max + 2 * max * Math.random(); +}; +/** + * @brief : Compute the node repulsion forces between a pair of nodes + */ + + +var nodeRepulsion = function nodeRepulsion(node1, node2, layoutInfo, options) { + // var s = "Node repulsion. Node1: " + node1.id + " Node2: " + node2.id; + var cmptId1 = node1.cmptId; + var cmptId2 = node2.cmptId; + + if (cmptId1 !== cmptId2 && !layoutInfo.isCompound) { + return; + } // Get direction of line connecting both node centers + + + var directionX = node2.positionX - node1.positionX; + var directionY = node2.positionY - node1.positionY; + var maxRandDist = 1; // s += "\ndirectionX: " + directionX + ", directionY: " + directionY; + // If both centers are the same, apply a random force + + if (0 === directionX && 0 === directionY) { + directionX = randomDistance(maxRandDist); + directionY = randomDistance(maxRandDist); + } + + var overlap = nodesOverlap(node1, node2, directionX, directionY); + + if (overlap > 0) { + // s += "\nNodes DO overlap."; + // s += "\nOverlap: " + overlap; + // If nodes overlap, repulsion force is proportional + // to the overlap + var force = options.nodeOverlap * overlap; // Compute the module and components of the force vector + + var distance = Math.sqrt(directionX * directionX + directionY * directionY); // s += "\nDistance: " + distance; + + var forceX = force * directionX / distance; + var forceY = force * directionY / distance; + } else { + // s += "\nNodes do NOT overlap."; + // If there's no overlap, force is inversely proportional + // to squared distance + // Get clipping points for both nodes + var point1 = findClippingPoint(node1, directionX, directionY); + var point2 = findClippingPoint(node2, -1 * directionX, -1 * directionY); // Use clipping points to compute distance + + var distanceX = point2.x - point1.x; + var distanceY = point2.y - point1.y; + var distanceSqr = distanceX * distanceX + distanceY * distanceY; + var distance = Math.sqrt(distanceSqr); // s += "\nDistance: " + distance; + // Compute the module and components of the force vector + + var force = (node1.nodeRepulsion + node2.nodeRepulsion) / distanceSqr; + var forceX = force * distanceX / distance; + var forceY = force * distanceY / distance; + } // Apply force + + + if (!node1.isLocked) { + node1.offsetX -= forceX; + node1.offsetY -= forceY; + } + + if (!node2.isLocked) { + node2.offsetX += forceX; + node2.offsetY += forceY; + } // s += "\nForceX: " + forceX + " ForceY: " + forceY; + // logDebug(s); + + + return; +}; +/** + * @brief : Determines whether two nodes overlap or not + * @return : Amount of overlapping (0 => no overlap) + */ + + +var nodesOverlap = function nodesOverlap(node1, node2, dX, dY) { + if (dX > 0) { + var overlapX = node1.maxX - node2.minX; + } else { + var overlapX = node2.maxX - node1.minX; + } + + if (dY > 0) { + var overlapY = node1.maxY - node2.minY; + } else { + var overlapY = node2.maxY - node1.minY; + } + + if (overlapX >= 0 && overlapY >= 0) { + return Math.sqrt(overlapX * overlapX + overlapY * overlapY); + } else { + return 0; + } +}; +/** + * @brief : Finds the point in which an edge (direction dX, dY) intersects + * the rectangular bounding box of it's source/target node + */ + + +var findClippingPoint = function findClippingPoint(node, dX, dY) { + // Shorcuts + var X = node.positionX; + var Y = node.positionY; + var H = node.height || 1; + var W = node.width || 1; + var dirSlope = dY / dX; + var nodeSlope = H / W; // var s = 'Computing clipping point of node ' + node.id + + // " . Height: " + H + ", Width: " + W + + // "\nDirection " + dX + ", " + dY; + // + // Compute intersection + + var res = {}; // Case: Vertical direction (up) + + if (0 === dX && 0 < dY) { + res.x = X; // s += "\nUp direction"; + + res.y = Y + H / 2; + return res; + } // Case: Vertical direction (down) + + + if (0 === dX && 0 > dY) { + res.x = X; + res.y = Y + H / 2; // s += "\nDown direction"; + + return res; + } // Case: Intersects the right border + + + if (0 < dX && -1 * nodeSlope <= dirSlope && dirSlope <= nodeSlope) { + res.x = X + W / 2; + res.y = Y + W * dY / 2 / dX; // s += "\nRightborder"; + + return res; + } // Case: Intersects the left border + + + if (0 > dX && -1 * nodeSlope <= dirSlope && dirSlope <= nodeSlope) { + res.x = X - W / 2; + res.y = Y - W * dY / 2 / dX; // s += "\nLeftborder"; + + return res; + } // Case: Intersects the top border + + + if (0 < dY && (dirSlope <= -1 * nodeSlope || dirSlope >= nodeSlope)) { + res.x = X + H * dX / 2 / dY; + res.y = Y + H / 2; // s += "\nTop border"; + + return res; + } // Case: Intersects the bottom border + + + if (0 > dY && (dirSlope <= -1 * nodeSlope || dirSlope >= nodeSlope)) { + res.x = X - H * dX / 2 / dY; + res.y = Y - H / 2; // s += "\nBottom border"; + + return res; + } // s += "\nClipping point found at " + res.x + ", " + res.y; + // logDebug(s); + + + return res; +}; +/** + * @brief : Calculates all edge forces + */ + + +var calculateEdgeForces = function calculateEdgeForces(layoutInfo, options) { + // Iterate over all edges + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.edgeSize; i++) { + // Get edge, source & target nodes + var edge = layoutInfo.layoutEdges[i]; + var sourceIx = layoutInfo.idToIndex[edge.sourceId]; + var source = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[sourceIx]; + var targetIx = layoutInfo.idToIndex[edge.targetId]; + var target = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[targetIx]; // Get direction of line connecting both node centers + + var directionX = target.positionX - source.positionX; + var directionY = target.positionY - source.positionY; // If both centers are the same, do nothing. + // A random force has already been applied as node repulsion + + if (0 === directionX && 0 === directionY) { + continue; + } // Get clipping points for both nodes + + + var point1 = findClippingPoint(source, directionX, directionY); + var point2 = findClippingPoint(target, -1 * directionX, -1 * directionY); + var lx = point2.x - point1.x; + var ly = point2.y - point1.y; + var l = Math.sqrt(lx * lx + ly * ly); + var force = Math.pow(edge.idealLength - l, 2) / edge.elasticity; + + if (0 !== l) { + var forceX = force * lx / l; + var forceY = force * ly / l; + } else { + var forceX = 0; + var forceY = 0; + } // Add this force to target and source nodes + + + if (!source.isLocked) { + source.offsetX += forceX; + source.offsetY += forceY; + } + + if (!target.isLocked) { + target.offsetX -= forceX; + target.offsetY -= forceY; + } // var s = 'Edge force between nodes ' + source.id + ' and ' + target.id; + // s += "\nDistance: " + l + " Force: (" + forceX + ", " + forceY + ")"; + // logDebug(s); + + } +}; +/** + * @brief : Computes gravity forces for all nodes + */ + + +var calculateGravityForces = function calculateGravityForces(layoutInfo, options) { + if (options.gravity === 0) { + return; + } + + var distThreshold = 1; // var s = 'calculateGravityForces'; + // logDebug(s); + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.graphSet.length; i++) { + var graph = layoutInfo.graphSet[i]; + var numNodes = graph.length; // s = "Set: " + graph.toString(); + // logDebug(s); + // Compute graph center + + if (0 === i) { + var centerX = layoutInfo.clientHeight / 2; + var centerY = layoutInfo.clientWidth / 2; + } else { + // Get Parent node for this graph, and use its position as center + var temp = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[graph[0]]]; + var parent = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[temp.parentId]]; + var centerX = parent.positionX; + var centerY = parent.positionY; + } // s = "Center found at: " + centerX + ", " + centerY; + // logDebug(s); + // Apply force to all nodes in graph + + + for (var j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) { + var node = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[graph[j]]]; // s = "Node: " + node.id; + + if (node.isLocked) { + continue; + } + + var dx = centerX - node.positionX; + var dy = centerY - node.positionY; + var d = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); + + if (d > distThreshold) { + var fx = options.gravity * dx / d; + var fy = options.gravity * dy / d; + node.offsetX += fx; + node.offsetY += fy; // s += ": Applied force: " + fx + ", " + fy; + } // logDebug(s); + + } + } +}; +/** + * @brief : This function propagates the existing offsets from + * parent nodes to its descendents. + * @arg layoutInfo : layoutInfo Object + * @arg cy : cytoscape Object + * @arg options : Layout options + */ + + +var propagateForces = function propagateForces(layoutInfo, options) { + // Inline implementation of a queue, used for traversing the graph in BFS order + var queue = []; + var start = 0; // Points to the start the queue + + var end = -1; // Points to the end of the queue + // logDebug('propagateForces'); + // Start by visiting the nodes in the root graph + + queue.push.apply(queue, layoutInfo.graphSet[0]); + end += layoutInfo.graphSet[0].length; // Traverse the graph, level by level, + + while (start <= end) { + // Get the node to visit and remove it from queue + var nodeId = queue[start++]; + var nodeIndex = layoutInfo.idToIndex[nodeId]; + var node = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[nodeIndex]; + var children = node.children; // We only need to process the node if it's compound + + if (0 < children.length && !node.isLocked) { + var offX = node.offsetX; + var offY = node.offsetY; // var s = "Propagating offset from parent node : " + node.id + + // ". OffsetX: " + offX + ". OffsetY: " + offY; + // s += "\n Children: " + children.toString(); + // logDebug(s); + + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + var childNode = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[children[i]]]; // Propagate offset + + childNode.offsetX += offX; + childNode.offsetY += offY; // Add children to queue to be visited + + queue[++end] = children[i]; + } // Reset parent offsets + + + node.offsetX = 0; + node.offsetY = 0; + } + } +}; +/** + * @brief : Updates the layout model positions, based on + * the accumulated forces + */ + + +var updatePositions = function updatePositions(layoutInfo, options) { + // var s = 'Updating positions'; + // logDebug(s); + // Reset boundaries for compound nodes + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.nodeSize; i++) { + var n = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[i]; + + if (0 < n.children.length) { + // logDebug("Resetting boundaries of compound node: " + n.id); + n.maxX = undefined; + n.minX = undefined; + n.maxY = undefined; + n.minY = undefined; + } + } + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.nodeSize; i++) { + var n = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[i]; + + if (0 < n.children.length || n.isLocked) { + // No need to set compound or locked node position + // logDebug("Skipping position update of node: " + n.id); + continue; + } // s = "Node: " + n.id + " Previous position: (" + + // n.positionX + ", " + n.positionY + ")."; + // Limit displacement in order to improve stability + + + var tempForce = limitForce(n.offsetX, n.offsetY, layoutInfo.temperature); + n.positionX += tempForce.x; + n.positionY += tempForce.y; + n.offsetX = 0; + n.offsetY = 0; + n.minX = n.positionX - n.width; + n.maxX = n.positionX + n.width; + n.minY = n.positionY - n.height; + n.maxY = n.positionY + n.height; // s += " New Position: (" + n.positionX + ", " + n.positionY + ")."; + // logDebug(s); + // Update ancestry boudaries + + updateAncestryBoundaries(n, layoutInfo); + } // Update size, position of compund nodes + + + for (var i = 0; i < layoutInfo.nodeSize; i++) { + var n = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[i]; + + if (0 < n.children.length && !n.isLocked) { + n.positionX = (n.maxX + n.minX) / 2; + n.positionY = (n.maxY + n.minY) / 2; + n.width = n.maxX - n.minX; + n.height = n.maxY - n.minY; // s = "Updating position, size of compound node " + n.id; + // s += "\nPositionX: " + n.positionX + ", PositionY: " + n.positionY; + // s += "\nWidth: " + n.width + ", Height: " + n.height; + // logDebug(s); + } + } +}; +/** + * @brief : Limits a force (forceX, forceY) to be not + * greater (in modulo) than max. + 8 Preserves force direction. + */ + + +var limitForce = function limitForce(forceX, forceY, max) { + // var s = "Limiting force: (" + forceX + ", " + forceY + "). Max: " + max; + var force = Math.sqrt(forceX * forceX + forceY * forceY); + + if (force > max) { + var res = { + x: max * forceX / force, + y: max * forceY / force + }; + } else { + var res = { + x: forceX, + y: forceY + }; + } // s += ".\nResult: (" + res.x + ", " + res.y + ")"; + // logDebug(s); + + + return res; +}; +/** + * @brief : Function used for keeping track of compound node + * sizes, since they should bound all their subnodes. + */ + + +var updateAncestryBoundaries = function updateAncestryBoundaries(node, layoutInfo) { + // var s = "Propagating new position/size of node " + node.id; + var parentId = node.parentId; + + if (null == parentId) { + // If there's no parent, we are done + // s += ". No parent node."; + // logDebug(s); + return; + } // Get Parent Node + + + var p = layoutInfo.layoutNodes[layoutInfo.idToIndex[parentId]]; + var flag = false; // MaxX + + if (null == p.maxX || node.maxX + p.padRight > p.maxX) { + p.maxX = node.maxX + p.padRight; + flag = true; // s += "\nNew maxX for parent node " + p.id + ": " + p.maxX; + } // MinX + + + if (null == p.minX || node.minX - p.padLeft < p.minX) { + p.minX = node.minX - p.padLeft; + flag = true; // s += "\nNew minX for parent node " + p.id + ": " + p.minX; + } // MaxY + + + if (null == p.maxY || node.maxY + p.padBottom > p.maxY) { + p.maxY = node.maxY + p.padBottom; + flag = true; // s += "\nNew maxY for parent node " + p.id + ": " + p.maxY; + } // MinY + + + if (null == p.minY || node.minY - p.padTop < p.minY) { + p.minY = node.minY - p.padTop; + flag = true; // s += "\nNew minY for parent node " + p.id + ": " + p.minY; + } // If updated boundaries, propagate changes upward + + + if (flag) { + // logDebug(s); + return updateAncestryBoundaries(p, layoutInfo); + } // s += ". No changes in boundaries/position of parent node " + p.id; + // logDebug(s); + + + return; +}; + +var separateComponents = function separateComponents(layoutInfo, options) { + var nodes = layoutInfo.layoutNodes; + var components = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + var cid = node.cmptId; + var component = components[cid] = components[cid] || []; + component.push(node); + } + + var totalA = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { + var c = components[i]; + + if (!c) { + continue; + } + + c.x1 = Infinity; + c.x2 = -Infinity; + c.y1 = Infinity; + c.y2 = -Infinity; + + for (var j = 0; j < c.length; j++) { + var n = c[j]; + c.x1 = Math.min(c.x1, n.positionX - n.width / 2); + c.x2 = Math.max(c.x2, n.positionX + n.width / 2); + c.y1 = Math.min(c.y1, n.positionY - n.height / 2); + c.y2 = Math.max(c.y2, n.positionY + n.height / 2); + } + + c.w = c.x2 - c.x1; + c.h = c.y2 - c.y1; + totalA += c.w * c.h; + } + + components.sort(function (c1, c2) { + return c2.w * c2.h - c1.w * c1.h; + }); + var x = 0; + var y = 0; + var usedW = 0; + var rowH = 0; + var maxRowW = Math.sqrt(totalA) * layoutInfo.clientWidth / layoutInfo.clientHeight; + + for (var i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { + var c = components[i]; + + if (!c) { + continue; + } + + for (var j = 0; j < c.length; j++) { + var n = c[j]; + + if (!n.isLocked) { + n.positionX += x - c.x1; + n.positionY += y - c.y1; + } + } + + x += c.w + options.componentSpacing; + usedW += c.w + options.componentSpacing; + rowH = Math.max(rowH, c.h); + + if (usedW > maxRowW) { + y += rowH + options.componentSpacing; + x = 0; + usedW = 0; + rowH = 0; + } + } +}; + +var defaults$3 = { + fit: true, + // whether to fit the viewport to the graph + padding: 30, + // padding used on fit + boundingBox: undefined, + // constrain layout bounds; { x1, y1, x2, y2 } or { x1, y1, w, h } + avoidOverlap: true, + // prevents node overlap, may overflow boundingBox if not enough space + avoidOverlapPadding: 10, + // extra spacing around nodes when avoidOverlap: true + nodeDimensionsIncludeLabels: false, + // Excludes the label when calculating node bounding boxes for the layout algorithm + spacingFactor: undefined, + // Applies a multiplicative factor (>0) to expand or compress the overall area that the nodes take up + condense: false, + // uses all available space on false, uses minimal space on true + rows: undefined, + // force num of rows in the grid + cols: undefined, + // force num of columns in the grid + position: function position(node) {}, + // returns { row, col } for element + sort: undefined, + // a sorting function to order the nodes; e.g. function(a, b){ return a.data('weight') - b.data('weight') } + animate: false, + // whether to transition the node positions + animationDuration: 500, + // duration of animation in ms if enabled + animationEasing: undefined, + // easing of animation if enabled + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // a function that determines whether the node should be animated. All nodes animated by default on animate enabled. Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + ready: undefined, + // callback on layoutready + stop: undefined, + // callback on layoutstop + transform: function transform(node, position) { + return position; + } // transform a given node position. Useful for changing flow direction in discrete layouts + +}; + +function GridLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$3, options); +} + +GridLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var params = this.options; + var options = params; + var cy = params.cy; + var eles = options.eles; + var nodes = eles.nodes().not(':parent'); + + if (options.sort) { + nodes = nodes.sort(options.sort); + } + + var bb = makeBoundingBox(options.boundingBox ? options.boundingBox : { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + w: cy.width(), + h: cy.height() + }); + + if (bb.h === 0 || bb.w === 0) { + eles.nodes().layoutPositions(this, options, function (ele) { + return { + x: bb.x1, + y: bb.y1 + }; + }); + } else { + // width/height * splits^2 = cells where splits is number of times to split width + var cells = nodes.size(); + var splits = Math.sqrt(cells * bb.h / bb.w); + var rows = Math.round(splits); + var cols = Math.round(bb.w / bb.h * splits); + + var small = function small(val) { + if (val == null) { + return Math.min(rows, cols); + } else { + var min = Math.min(rows, cols); + + if (min == rows) { + rows = val; + } else { + cols = val; + } + } + }; + + var large = function large(val) { + if (val == null) { + return Math.max(rows, cols); + } else { + var max = Math.max(rows, cols); + + if (max == rows) { + rows = val; + } else { + cols = val; + } + } + }; + + var oRows = options.rows; + var oCols = options.cols != null ? options.cols : options.columns; // if rows or columns were set in options, use those values + + if (oRows != null && oCols != null) { + rows = oRows; + cols = oCols; + } else if (oRows != null && oCols == null) { + rows = oRows; + cols = Math.ceil(cells / rows); + } else if (oRows == null && oCols != null) { + cols = oCols; + rows = Math.ceil(cells / cols); + } // otherwise use the automatic values and adjust accordingly + // if rounding was up, see if we can reduce rows or columns + else if (cols * rows > cells) { + var sm = small(); + var lg = large(); // reducing the small side takes away the most cells, so try it first + + if ((sm - 1) * lg >= cells) { + small(sm - 1); + } else if ((lg - 1) * sm >= cells) { + large(lg - 1); + } + } else { + // if rounding was too low, add rows or columns + while (cols * rows < cells) { + var _sm = small(); + + var _lg = large(); // try to add to larger side first (adds less in multiplication) + + + if ((_lg + 1) * _sm >= cells) { + large(_lg + 1); + } else { + small(_sm + 1); + } + } + } + + var cellWidth = bb.w / cols; + var cellHeight = bb.h / rows; + + if (options.condense) { + cellWidth = 0; + cellHeight = 0; + } + + if (options.avoidOverlap) { + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + var node = nodes[i]; + var pos = node._private.position; + + if (pos.x == null || pos.y == null) { + // for bb + pos.x = 0; + pos.y = 0; + } + + var nbb = node.layoutDimensions(options); + var p = options.avoidOverlapPadding; + var w = nbb.w + p; + var h = nbb.h + p; + cellWidth = Math.max(cellWidth, w); + cellHeight = Math.max(cellHeight, h); + } + } + + var cellUsed = {}; // e.g. 'c-0-2' => true + + var used = function used(row, col) { + return cellUsed['c-' + row + '-' + col] ? true : false; + }; + + var use = function use(row, col) { + cellUsed['c-' + row + '-' + col] = true; + }; // to keep track of current cell position + + + var row = 0; + var col = 0; + + var moveToNextCell = function moveToNextCell() { + col++; + + if (col >= cols) { + col = 0; + row++; + } + }; // get a cache of all the manual positions + + + var id2manPos = {}; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < nodes.length; _i++) { + var _node = nodes[_i]; + var rcPos = options.position(_node); + + if (rcPos && (rcPos.row !== undefined || rcPos.col !== undefined)) { + // must have at least row or col def'd + var _pos = { + row: rcPos.row, + col: rcPos.col + }; + + if (_pos.col === undefined) { + // find unused col + _pos.col = 0; + + while (used(_pos.row, _pos.col)) { + _pos.col++; + } + } else if (_pos.row === undefined) { + // find unused row + _pos.row = 0; + + while (used(_pos.row, _pos.col)) { + _pos.row++; + } + } + + id2manPos[_node.id()] = _pos; + use(_pos.row, _pos.col); + } + } + + var getPos = function getPos(element, i) { + var x, y; + + if (element.locked() || element.isParent()) { + return false; + } // see if we have a manual position set + + + var rcPos = id2manPos[element.id()]; + + if (rcPos) { + x = rcPos.col * cellWidth + cellWidth / 2 + bb.x1; + y = rcPos.row * cellHeight + cellHeight / 2 + bb.y1; + } else { + // otherwise set automatically + while (used(row, col)) { + moveToNextCell(); + } + + x = col * cellWidth + cellWidth / 2 + bb.x1; + y = row * cellHeight + cellHeight / 2 + bb.y1; + use(row, col); + moveToNextCell(); + } + + return { + x: x, + y: y + }; + }; + + nodes.layoutPositions(this, options, getPos); + } + + return this; // chaining +}; + +var defaults$2 = { + ready: function ready() {}, + // on layoutready + stop: function stop() {} // on layoutstop + +}; // constructor +// options : object containing layout options + +function NullLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$2, options); +} // runs the layout + + +NullLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var options = this.options; + var eles = options.eles; // elements to consider in the layout + + var layout = this; // cy is automatically populated for us in the constructor + // (disable eslint for next line as this serves as example layout code to external developers) + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars + + options.cy; + layout.emit('layoutstart'); // puts all nodes at (0, 0) + // n.b. most layouts would use layoutPositions(), instead of positions() and manual events + + eles.nodes().positions(function () { + return { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + }); // trigger layoutready when each node has had its position set at least once + + layout.one('layoutready', options.ready); + layout.emit('layoutready'); // trigger layoutstop when the layout stops (e.g. finishes) + + layout.one('layoutstop', options.stop); + layout.emit('layoutstop'); + return this; // chaining +}; // called on continuous layouts to stop them before they finish + + +NullLayout.prototype.stop = function () { + return this; // chaining +}; + +var defaults$1 = { + positions: undefined, + // map of (node id) => (position obj); or function(node){ return somPos; } + zoom: undefined, + // the zoom level to set (prob want fit = false if set) + pan: undefined, + // the pan level to set (prob want fit = false if set) + fit: true, + // whether to fit to viewport + padding: 30, + // padding on fit + animate: false, + // whether to transition the node positions + animationDuration: 500, + // duration of animation in ms if enabled + animationEasing: undefined, + // easing of animation if enabled + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // a function that determines whether the node should be animated. All nodes animated by default on animate enabled. Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + ready: undefined, + // callback on layoutready + stop: undefined, + // callback on layoutstop + transform: function transform(node, position) { + return position; + } // transform a given node position. Useful for changing flow direction in discrete layouts + +}; + +function PresetLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults$1, options); +} + +PresetLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var options = this.options; + var eles = options.eles; + var nodes = eles.nodes(); + var posIsFn = fn$6(options.positions); + + function getPosition(node) { + if (options.positions == null) { + return copyPosition(node.position()); + } + + if (posIsFn) { + return options.positions(node); + } + + var pos = options.positions[node._private.data.id]; + + if (pos == null) { + return null; + } + + return pos; + } + + nodes.layoutPositions(this, options, function (node, i) { + var position = getPosition(node); + + if (node.locked() || position == null) { + return false; + } + + return position; + }); + return this; // chaining +}; + +var defaults = { + fit: true, + // whether to fit to viewport + padding: 30, + // fit padding + boundingBox: undefined, + // constrain layout bounds; { x1, y1, x2, y2 } or { x1, y1, w, h } + animate: false, + // whether to transition the node positions + animationDuration: 500, + // duration of animation in ms if enabled + animationEasing: undefined, + // easing of animation if enabled + animateFilter: function animateFilter(node, i) { + return true; + }, + // a function that determines whether the node should be animated. All nodes animated by default on animate enabled. Non-animated nodes are positioned immediately when the layout starts + ready: undefined, + // callback on layoutready + stop: undefined, + // callback on layoutstop + transform: function transform(node, position) { + return position; + } // transform a given node position. Useful for changing flow direction in discrete layouts + +}; + +function RandomLayout(options) { + this.options = extend({}, defaults, options); +} + +RandomLayout.prototype.run = function () { + var options = this.options; + var cy = options.cy; + var eles = options.eles; + var bb = makeBoundingBox(options.boundingBox ? options.boundingBox : { + x1: 0, + y1: 0, + w: cy.width(), + h: cy.height() + }); + + var getPos = function getPos(node, i) { + return { + x: bb.x1 + Math.round(Math.random() * bb.w), + y: bb.y1 + Math.round(Math.random() * bb.h) + }; + }; + + eles.nodes().layoutPositions(this, options, getPos); + return this; // chaining +}; + +var layout = [{ + name: 'breadthfirst', + impl: BreadthFirstLayout +}, { + name: 'circle', + impl: CircleLayout +}, { + name: 'concentric', + impl: ConcentricLayout +}, { + name: 'cose', + impl: CoseLayout +}, { + name: 'grid', + impl: GridLayout +}, { + name: 'null', + impl: NullLayout +}, { + name: 'preset', + impl: PresetLayout +}, { + name: 'random', + impl: RandomLayout +}]; + +function NullRenderer(options) { + this.options = options; + this.notifications = 0; // for testing +} + +var noop = function noop() {}; + +var throwImgErr = function throwImgErr() { + throw new Error('A headless instance can not render images'); +}; + +NullRenderer.prototype = { + recalculateRenderedStyle: noop, + notify: function notify() { + this.notifications++; + }, + init: noop, + isHeadless: function isHeadless() { + return true; + }, + png: throwImgErr, + jpg: throwImgErr +}; + +var BRp$f = {}; +BRp$f.arrowShapeWidth = 0.3; + +BRp$f.registerArrowShapes = function () { + var arrowShapes = this.arrowShapes = {}; + var renderer = this; // Contract for arrow shapes: + // 0, 0 is arrow tip + // (0, 1) is direction towards node + // (1, 0) is right + // + // functional api: + // collide: check x, y in shape + // roughCollide: called before collide, no false negatives + // draw: draw + // spacing: dist(arrowTip, nodeBoundary) + // gap: dist(edgeTip, nodeBoundary), edgeTip may != arrowTip + + var bbCollide = function bbCollide(x, y, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth, padding) { + var x1 = translation.x - size / 2 - padding; + var x2 = translation.x + size / 2 + padding; + var y1 = translation.y - size / 2 - padding; + var y2 = translation.y + size / 2 + padding; + var inside = x1 <= x && x <= x2 && y1 <= y && y <= y2; + return inside; + }; + + var transform = function transform(x, y, size, angle, translation) { + var xRotated = x * Math.cos(angle) - y * Math.sin(angle); + var yRotated = x * Math.sin(angle) + y * Math.cos(angle); + var xScaled = xRotated * size; + var yScaled = yRotated * size; + var xTranslated = xScaled + translation.x; + var yTranslated = yScaled + translation.y; + return { + x: xTranslated, + y: yTranslated + }; + }; + + var transformPoints = function transformPoints(pts, size, angle, translation) { + var retPts = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < pts.length; i += 2) { + var x = pts[i]; + var y = pts[i + 1]; + retPts.push(transform(x, y, size, angle, translation)); + } + + return retPts; + }; + + var pointsToArr = function pointsToArr(pts) { + var ret = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) { + var p = pts[i]; + ret.push(p.x, p.y); + } + + return ret; + }; + + var standardGap = function standardGap(edge) { + return edge.pstyle('width').pfValue * edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').pfValue * 2; + }; + + var defineArrowShape = function defineArrowShape(name, defn) { + if (string(defn)) { + defn = arrowShapes[defn]; + } + + arrowShapes[name] = extend({ + name: name, + points: [-0.15, -0.3, 0.15, -0.3, 0.15, 0.3, -0.15, 0.3], + collide: function collide(x, y, size, angle, translation, padding) { + var points = pointsToArr(transformPoints(this.points, size + 2 * padding, angle, translation)); + var inside = pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, points); + return inside; + }, + roughCollide: bbCollide, + draw: function draw(context, size, angle, translation) { + var points = transformPoints(this.points, size, angle, translation); + renderer.arrowShapeImpl('polygon')(context, points); + }, + spacing: function spacing(edge) { + return 0; + }, + gap: standardGap + }, defn); + }; + + defineArrowShape('none', { + collide: falsify, + roughCollide: falsify, + draw: noop$1, + spacing: zeroify, + gap: zeroify + }); + defineArrowShape('triangle', { + points: [-0.15, -0.3, 0, 0, 0.15, -0.3] + }); + defineArrowShape('arrow', 'triangle'); + defineArrowShape('triangle-backcurve', { + points: arrowShapes['triangle'].points, + controlPoint: [0, -0.15], + roughCollide: bbCollide, + draw: function draw(context, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth) { + var ptsTrans = transformPoints(this.points, size, angle, translation); + var ctrlPt = this.controlPoint; + var ctrlPtTrans = transform(ctrlPt[0], ctrlPt[1], size, angle, translation); + renderer.arrowShapeImpl(this.name)(context, ptsTrans, ctrlPtTrans); + }, + gap: function gap(edge) { + return standardGap(edge) * 0.8; + } + }); + defineArrowShape('triangle-tee', { + points: [0, 0, 0.15, -0.3, -0.15, -0.3, 0, 0], + pointsTee: [-0.15, -0.4, -0.15, -0.5, 0.15, -0.5, 0.15, -0.4], + collide: function collide(x, y, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth, padding) { + var triPts = pointsToArr(transformPoints(this.points, size + 2 * padding, angle, translation)); + var teePts = pointsToArr(transformPoints(this.pointsTee, size + 2 * padding, angle, translation)); + var inside = pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, triPts) || pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, teePts); + return inside; + }, + draw: function draw(context, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth) { + var triPts = transformPoints(this.points, size, angle, translation); + var teePts = transformPoints(this.pointsTee, size, angle, translation); + renderer.arrowShapeImpl(this.name)(context, triPts, teePts); + } + }); + defineArrowShape('circle-triangle', { + radius: 0.15, + pointsTr: [0, -0.15, 0.15, -0.45, -0.15, -0.45, 0, -0.15], + collide: function collide(x, y, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth, padding) { + var t = translation; + var circleInside = Math.pow(t.x - x, 2) + Math.pow(t.y - y, 2) <= Math.pow((size + 2 * padding) * this.radius, 2); + var triPts = pointsToArr(transformPoints(this.points, size + 2 * padding, angle, translation)); + return pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, triPts) || circleInside; + }, + draw: function draw(context, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth) { + var triPts = transformPoints(this.pointsTr, size, angle, translation); + renderer.arrowShapeImpl(this.name)(context, triPts, translation.x, translation.y, this.radius * size); + }, + spacing: function spacing(edge) { + return renderer.getArrowWidth(edge.pstyle('width').pfValue, edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value) * this.radius; + } + }); + defineArrowShape('triangle-cross', { + points: [0, 0, 0.15, -0.3, -0.15, -0.3, 0, 0], + baseCrossLinePts: [-0.15, -0.4, // first half of the rectangle + -0.15, -0.4, 0.15, -0.4, // second half of the rectangle + 0.15, -0.4], + crossLinePts: function crossLinePts(size, edgeWidth) { + // shift points so that the distance between the cross points matches edge width + var p = this.baseCrossLinePts.slice(); + var shiftFactor = edgeWidth / size; + var y0 = 3; + var y1 = 5; + p[y0] = p[y0] - shiftFactor; + p[y1] = p[y1] - shiftFactor; + return p; + }, + collide: function collide(x, y, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth, padding) { + var triPts = pointsToArr(transformPoints(this.points, size + 2 * padding, angle, translation)); + var teePts = pointsToArr(transformPoints(this.crossLinePts(size, edgeWidth), size + 2 * padding, angle, translation)); + var inside = pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, triPts) || pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, teePts); + return inside; + }, + draw: function draw(context, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth) { + var triPts = transformPoints(this.points, size, angle, translation); + var crossLinePts = transformPoints(this.crossLinePts(size, edgeWidth), size, angle, translation); + renderer.arrowShapeImpl(this.name)(context, triPts, crossLinePts); + } + }); + defineArrowShape('vee', { + points: [-0.15, -0.3, 0, 0, 0.15, -0.3, 0, -0.15], + gap: function gap(edge) { + return standardGap(edge) * 0.525; + } + }); + defineArrowShape('circle', { + radius: 0.15, + collide: function collide(x, y, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth, padding) { + var t = translation; + var inside = Math.pow(t.x - x, 2) + Math.pow(t.y - y, 2) <= Math.pow((size + 2 * padding) * this.radius, 2); + return inside; + }, + draw: function draw(context, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth) { + renderer.arrowShapeImpl(this.name)(context, translation.x, translation.y, this.radius * size); + }, + spacing: function spacing(edge) { + return renderer.getArrowWidth(edge.pstyle('width').pfValue, edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value) * this.radius; + } + }); + defineArrowShape('tee', { + points: [-0.15, 0, -0.15, -0.1, 0.15, -0.1, 0.15, 0], + spacing: function spacing(edge) { + return 1; + }, + gap: function gap(edge) { + return 1; + } + }); + defineArrowShape('square', { + points: [-0.15, 0.00, 0.15, 0.00, 0.15, -0.3, -0.15, -0.3] + }); + defineArrowShape('diamond', { + points: [-0.15, -0.15, 0, -0.3, 0.15, -0.15, 0, 0], + gap: function gap(edge) { + return edge.pstyle('width').pfValue * edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value; + } + }); + defineArrowShape('chevron', { + points: [0, 0, -0.15, -0.15, -0.1, -0.2, 0, -0.1, 0.1, -0.2, 0.15, -0.15], + gap: function gap(edge) { + return 0.95 * edge.pstyle('width').pfValue * edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value; + } + }); +}; + +var BRp$e = {}; // Project mouse + +BRp$e.projectIntoViewport = function (clientX, clientY) { + var cy = this.cy; + var offsets = this.findContainerClientCoords(); + var offsetLeft = offsets[0]; + var offsetTop = offsets[1]; + var scale = offsets[4]; + var pan = cy.pan(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var x = ((clientX - offsetLeft) / scale - pan.x) / zoom; + var y = ((clientY - offsetTop) / scale - pan.y) / zoom; + return [x, y]; +}; + +BRp$e.findContainerClientCoords = function () { + if (this.containerBB) { + return this.containerBB; + } + + var container = this.container; + var rect = container.getBoundingClientRect(); + var style = window$1.getComputedStyle(container); + + var styleValue = function styleValue(name) { + return parseFloat(style.getPropertyValue(name)); + }; + + var padding = { + left: styleValue('padding-left'), + right: styleValue('padding-right'), + top: styleValue('padding-top'), + bottom: styleValue('padding-bottom') + }; + var border = { + left: styleValue('border-left-width'), + right: styleValue('border-right-width'), + top: styleValue('border-top-width'), + bottom: styleValue('border-bottom-width') + }; + var clientWidth = container.clientWidth; + var clientHeight = container.clientHeight; + var paddingHor = padding.left + padding.right; + var paddingVer = padding.top + padding.bottom; + var borderHor = border.left + border.right; + var scale = rect.width / (clientWidth + borderHor); + var unscaledW = clientWidth - paddingHor; + var unscaledH = clientHeight - paddingVer; + var left = rect.left + padding.left + border.left; + var top = rect.top + padding.top + border.top; + return this.containerBB = [left, top, unscaledW, unscaledH, scale]; +}; + +BRp$e.invalidateContainerClientCoordsCache = function () { + this.containerBB = null; +}; + +BRp$e.findNearestElement = function (x, y, interactiveElementsOnly, isTouch) { + return this.findNearestElements(x, y, interactiveElementsOnly, isTouch)[0]; +}; + +BRp$e.findNearestElements = function (x, y, interactiveElementsOnly, isTouch) { + var self = this; + var r = this; + var eles = r.getCachedZSortedEles(); + var near = []; // 1 node max, 1 edge max + + var zoom = r.cy.zoom(); + var hasCompounds = r.cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + var edgeThreshold = (isTouch ? 24 : 8) / zoom; + var nodeThreshold = (isTouch ? 8 : 2) / zoom; + var labelThreshold = (isTouch ? 8 : 2) / zoom; + var minSqDist = Infinity; + var nearEdge; + var nearNode; + + if (interactiveElementsOnly) { + eles = eles.interactive; + } + + function addEle(ele, sqDist) { + if (ele.isNode()) { + if (nearNode) { + return; // can't replace node + } else { + nearNode = ele; + near.push(ele); + } + } + + if (ele.isEdge() && (sqDist == null || sqDist < minSqDist)) { + if (nearEdge) { + // then replace existing edge + // can replace only if same z-index + if (nearEdge.pstyle('z-compound-depth').value === ele.pstyle('z-compound-depth').value && nearEdge.pstyle('z-compound-depth').value === ele.pstyle('z-compound-depth').value) { + for (var i = 0; i < near.length; i++) { + if (near[i].isEdge()) { + near[i] = ele; + nearEdge = ele; + minSqDist = sqDist != null ? sqDist : minSqDist; + break; + } + } + } + } else { + near.push(ele); + nearEdge = ele; + minSqDist = sqDist != null ? sqDist : minSqDist; + } + } + } + + function checkNode(node) { + var width = node.outerWidth() + 2 * nodeThreshold; + var height = node.outerHeight() + 2 * nodeThreshold; + var hw = width / 2; + var hh = height / 2; + var pos = node.position(); + + if (pos.x - hw <= x && x <= pos.x + hw // bb check x + && pos.y - hh <= y && y <= pos.y + hh // bb check y + ) { + var shape = r.nodeShapes[self.getNodeShape(node)]; + + if (shape.checkPoint(x, y, 0, width, height, pos.x, pos.y)) { + addEle(node, 0); + return true; + } + } + } + + function checkEdge(edge) { + var _p = edge._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + var styleWidth = edge.pstyle('width').pfValue; + var scale = edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value; + var width = styleWidth / 2 + edgeThreshold; // more like a distance radius from centre + + var widthSq = width * width; + var width2 = width * 2; + var src = _p.source; + var tgt = _p.target; + var sqDist; + + if (rs.edgeType === 'segments' || rs.edgeType === 'straight' || rs.edgeType === 'haystack') { + var pts = rs.allpts; + + for (var i = 0; i + 3 < pts.length; i += 2) { + if (inLineVicinity(x, y, pts[i], pts[i + 1], pts[i + 2], pts[i + 3], width2) && widthSq > (sqDist = sqdistToFiniteLine(x, y, pts[i], pts[i + 1], pts[i + 2], pts[i + 3]))) { + addEle(edge, sqDist); + return true; + } + } + } else if (rs.edgeType === 'bezier' || rs.edgeType === 'multibezier' || rs.edgeType === 'self' || rs.edgeType === 'compound') { + var pts = rs.allpts; + + for (var i = 0; i + 5 < rs.allpts.length; i += 4) { + if (inBezierVicinity(x, y, pts[i], pts[i + 1], pts[i + 2], pts[i + 3], pts[i + 4], pts[i + 5], width2) && widthSq > (sqDist = sqdistToQuadraticBezier(x, y, pts[i], pts[i + 1], pts[i + 2], pts[i + 3], pts[i + 4], pts[i + 5]))) { + addEle(edge, sqDist); + return true; + } + } + } // if we're close to the edge but didn't hit it, maybe we hit its arrows + + + var src = src || _p.source; + var tgt = tgt || _p.target; + var arSize = self.getArrowWidth(styleWidth, scale); + var arrows = [{ + name: 'source', + x: rs.arrowStartX, + y: rs.arrowStartY, + angle: rs.srcArrowAngle + }, { + name: 'target', + x: rs.arrowEndX, + y: rs.arrowEndY, + angle: rs.tgtArrowAngle + }, { + name: 'mid-source', + x: rs.midX, + y: rs.midY, + angle: rs.midsrcArrowAngle + }, { + name: 'mid-target', + x: rs.midX, + y: rs.midY, + angle: rs.midtgtArrowAngle + }]; + + for (var i = 0; i < arrows.length; i++) { + var ar = arrows[i]; + var shape = r.arrowShapes[edge.pstyle(ar.name + '-arrow-shape').value]; + var edgeWidth = edge.pstyle('width').pfValue; + + if (shape.roughCollide(x, y, arSize, ar.angle, { + x: ar.x, + y: ar.y + }, edgeWidth, edgeThreshold) && shape.collide(x, y, arSize, ar.angle, { + x: ar.x, + y: ar.y + }, edgeWidth, edgeThreshold)) { + addEle(edge); + return true; + } + } // for compound graphs, hitting edge may actually want a connected node instead (b/c edge may have greater z-index precedence) + + + if (hasCompounds && near.length > 0) { + checkNode(src); + checkNode(tgt); + } + } + + function preprop(obj, name, pre) { + return getPrefixedProperty(obj, name, pre); + } + + function checkLabel(ele, prefix) { + var _p = ele._private; + var th = labelThreshold; + var prefixDash; + + if (prefix) { + prefixDash = prefix + '-'; + } else { + prefixDash = ''; + } + + ele.boundingBox(); + var bb = _p.labelBounds[prefix || 'main']; + var text = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'label').value; + var eventsEnabled = ele.pstyle('text-events').strValue === 'yes'; + + if (!eventsEnabled || !text) { + return; + } + + var lx = preprop(_p.rscratch, 'labelX', prefix); + var ly = preprop(_p.rscratch, 'labelY', prefix); + var theta = preprop(_p.rscratch, 'labelAngle', prefix); + var ox = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'text-margin-x').pfValue; + var oy = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'text-margin-y').pfValue; + var lx1 = bb.x1 - th - ox; // (-ox, -oy) as bb already includes margin + + var lx2 = bb.x2 + th - ox; // and rotation is about (lx, ly) + + var ly1 = bb.y1 - th - oy; + var ly2 = bb.y2 + th - oy; + + if (theta) { + var cos = Math.cos(theta); + var sin = Math.sin(theta); + + var rotate = function rotate(x, y) { + x = x - lx; + y = y - ly; + return { + x: x * cos - y * sin + lx, + y: x * sin + y * cos + ly + }; + }; + + var px1y1 = rotate(lx1, ly1); + var px1y2 = rotate(lx1, ly2); + var px2y1 = rotate(lx2, ly1); + var px2y2 = rotate(lx2, ly2); + var points = [// with the margin added after the rotation is applied + px1y1.x + ox, px1y1.y + oy, px2y1.x + ox, px2y1.y + oy, px2y2.x + ox, px2y2.y + oy, px1y2.x + ox, px1y2.y + oy]; + + if (pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, points)) { + addEle(ele); + return true; + } + } else { + // do a cheaper bb check + if (inBoundingBox(bb, x, y)) { + addEle(ele); + return true; + } + } + } + + for (var i = eles.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + // reverse order for precedence + var ele = eles[i]; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + checkNode(ele) || checkLabel(ele); + } else { + // then edge + checkEdge(ele) || checkLabel(ele) || checkLabel(ele, 'source') || checkLabel(ele, 'target'); + } + } + + return near; +}; // 'Give me everything from this box' + + +BRp$e.getAllInBox = function (x1, y1, x2, y2) { + var eles = this.getCachedZSortedEles().interactive; + var box = []; + var x1c = Math.min(x1, x2); + var x2c = Math.max(x1, x2); + var y1c = Math.min(y1, y2); + var y2c = Math.max(y1, y2); + x1 = x1c; + x2 = x2c; + y1 = y1c; + y2 = y2c; + var boxBb = makeBoundingBox({ + x1: x1, + y1: y1, + x2: x2, + y2: y2 + }); + + for (var e = 0; e < eles.length; e++) { + var ele = eles[e]; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + var node = ele; + var nodeBb = node.boundingBox({ + includeNodes: true, + includeEdges: false, + includeLabels: false + }); + + if (boundingBoxesIntersect(boxBb, nodeBb) && !boundingBoxInBoundingBox(nodeBb, boxBb)) { + box.push(node); + } + } else { + var edge = ele; + var _p = edge._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + + if (rs.startX != null && rs.startY != null && !inBoundingBox(boxBb, rs.startX, rs.startY)) { + continue; + } + + if (rs.endX != null && rs.endY != null && !inBoundingBox(boxBb, rs.endX, rs.endY)) { + continue; + } + + if (rs.edgeType === 'bezier' || rs.edgeType === 'multibezier' || rs.edgeType === 'self' || rs.edgeType === 'compound' || rs.edgeType === 'segments' || rs.edgeType === 'haystack') { + var pts = _p.rstyle.bezierPts || _p.rstyle.linePts || _p.rstyle.haystackPts; + var allInside = true; + + for (var i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) { + if (!pointInBoundingBox(boxBb, pts[i])) { + allInside = false; + break; + } + } + + if (allInside) { + box.push(edge); + } + } else if (rs.edgeType === 'haystack' || rs.edgeType === 'straight') { + box.push(edge); + } + } + } + + return box; +}; + +var BRp$d = {}; + +BRp$d.calculateArrowAngles = function (edge) { + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var isHaystack = rs.edgeType === 'haystack'; + var isBezier = rs.edgeType === 'bezier'; + var isMultibezier = rs.edgeType === 'multibezier'; + var isSegments = rs.edgeType === 'segments'; + var isCompound = rs.edgeType === 'compound'; + var isSelf = rs.edgeType === 'self'; // Displacement gives direction for arrowhead orientation + + var dispX, dispY; + var startX, startY, endX, endY, midX, midY; + + if (isHaystack) { + startX = rs.haystackPts[0]; + startY = rs.haystackPts[1]; + endX = rs.haystackPts[2]; + endY = rs.haystackPts[3]; + } else { + startX = rs.arrowStartX; + startY = rs.arrowStartY; + endX = rs.arrowEndX; + endY = rs.arrowEndY; + } + + midX = rs.midX; + midY = rs.midY; // source + // + + if (isSegments) { + dispX = startX - rs.segpts[0]; + dispY = startY - rs.segpts[1]; + } else if (isMultibezier || isCompound || isSelf || isBezier) { + var pts = rs.allpts; + var bX = qbezierAt(pts[0], pts[2], pts[4], 0.1); + var bY = qbezierAt(pts[1], pts[3], pts[5], 0.1); + dispX = startX - bX; + dispY = startY - bY; + } else { + dispX = startX - midX; + dispY = startY - midY; + } + + rs.srcArrowAngle = getAngleFromDisp(dispX, dispY); // mid target + // + + var midX = rs.midX; + var midY = rs.midY; + + if (isHaystack) { + midX = (startX + endX) / 2; + midY = (startY + endY) / 2; + } + + dispX = endX - startX; + dispY = endY - startY; + + if (isSegments) { + var pts = rs.allpts; + + if (pts.length / 2 % 2 === 0) { + var i2 = pts.length / 2; + var i1 = i2 - 2; + dispX = pts[i2] - pts[i1]; + dispY = pts[i2 + 1] - pts[i1 + 1]; + } else { + var i2 = pts.length / 2 - 1; + var i1 = i2 - 2; + var i3 = i2 + 2; + dispX = pts[i2] - pts[i1]; + dispY = pts[i2 + 1] - pts[i1 + 1]; + } + } else if (isMultibezier || isCompound || isSelf) { + var pts = rs.allpts; + var cpts = rs.ctrlpts; + var bp0x, bp0y; + var bp1x, bp1y; + + if (cpts.length / 2 % 2 === 0) { + var p0 = pts.length / 2 - 1; // startpt + + var ic = p0 + 2; + var p1 = ic + 2; + bp0x = qbezierAt(pts[p0], pts[ic], pts[p1], 0.0); + bp0y = qbezierAt(pts[p0 + 1], pts[ic + 1], pts[p1 + 1], 0.0); + bp1x = qbezierAt(pts[p0], pts[ic], pts[p1], 0.0001); + bp1y = qbezierAt(pts[p0 + 1], pts[ic + 1], pts[p1 + 1], 0.0001); + } else { + var ic = pts.length / 2 - 1; // ctrpt + + var p0 = ic - 2; // startpt + + var p1 = ic + 2; // endpt + + bp0x = qbezierAt(pts[p0], pts[ic], pts[p1], 0.4999); + bp0y = qbezierAt(pts[p0 + 1], pts[ic + 1], pts[p1 + 1], 0.4999); + bp1x = qbezierAt(pts[p0], pts[ic], pts[p1], 0.5); + bp1y = qbezierAt(pts[p0 + 1], pts[ic + 1], pts[p1 + 1], 0.5); + } + + dispX = bp1x - bp0x; + dispY = bp1y - bp0y; + } + + rs.midtgtArrowAngle = getAngleFromDisp(dispX, dispY); + rs.midDispX = dispX; + rs.midDispY = dispY; // mid source + // + + dispX *= -1; + dispY *= -1; + + if (isSegments) { + var pts = rs.allpts; + + if (pts.length / 2 % 2 === 0) ; else { + var i2 = pts.length / 2 - 1; + var i3 = i2 + 2; + dispX = -(pts[i3] - pts[i2]); + dispY = -(pts[i3 + 1] - pts[i2 + 1]); + } + } + + rs.midsrcArrowAngle = getAngleFromDisp(dispX, dispY); // target + // + + if (isSegments) { + dispX = endX - rs.segpts[rs.segpts.length - 2]; + dispY = endY - rs.segpts[rs.segpts.length - 1]; + } else if (isMultibezier || isCompound || isSelf || isBezier) { + var pts = rs.allpts; + var l = pts.length; + var bX = qbezierAt(pts[l - 6], pts[l - 4], pts[l - 2], 0.9); + var bY = qbezierAt(pts[l - 5], pts[l - 3], pts[l - 1], 0.9); + dispX = endX - bX; + dispY = endY - bY; + } else { + dispX = endX - midX; + dispY = endY - midY; + } + + rs.tgtArrowAngle = getAngleFromDisp(dispX, dispY); +}; + +BRp$d.getArrowWidth = BRp$d.getArrowHeight = function (edgeWidth, scale) { + var cache = this.arrowWidthCache = this.arrowWidthCache || {}; + var cachedVal = cache[edgeWidth + ', ' + scale]; + + if (cachedVal) { + return cachedVal; + } + + cachedVal = Math.max(Math.pow(edgeWidth * 13.37, 0.9), 29) * scale; + cache[edgeWidth + ', ' + scale] = cachedVal; + return cachedVal; +}; + +var BRp$c = {}; + +BRp$c.findHaystackPoints = function (edges) { + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge = edges[i]; + var _p = edge._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + + if (!rs.haystack) { + var angle = Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI; + rs.source = { + x: Math.cos(angle), + y: Math.sin(angle) + }; + angle = Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI; + rs.target = { + x: Math.cos(angle), + y: Math.sin(angle) + }; + } + + var src = _p.source; + var tgt = _p.target; + var srcPos = src.position(); + var tgtPos = tgt.position(); + var srcW = src.width(); + var tgtW = tgt.width(); + var srcH = src.height(); + var tgtH = tgt.height(); + var radius = edge.pstyle('haystack-radius').value; + var halfRadius = radius / 2; // b/c have to half width/height + + rs.haystackPts = rs.allpts = [rs.source.x * srcW * halfRadius + srcPos.x, rs.source.y * srcH * halfRadius + srcPos.y, rs.target.x * tgtW * halfRadius + tgtPos.x, rs.target.y * tgtH * halfRadius + tgtPos.y]; + rs.midX = (rs.allpts[0] + rs.allpts[2]) / 2; + rs.midY = (rs.allpts[1] + rs.allpts[3]) / 2; // always override as haystack in case set to different type previously + + rs.edgeType = 'haystack'; + rs.haystack = true; + this.storeEdgeProjections(edge); + this.calculateArrowAngles(edge); + this.recalculateEdgeLabelProjections(edge); + this.calculateLabelAngles(edge); + } +}; + +BRp$c.findSegmentsPoints = function (edge, pairInfo) { + // Segments (multiple straight lines) + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var posPts = pairInfo.posPts, + intersectionPts = pairInfo.intersectionPts, + vectorNormInverse = pairInfo.vectorNormInverse; + var edgeDistances = edge.pstyle('edge-distances').value; + var segmentWs = edge.pstyle('segment-weights'); + var segmentDs = edge.pstyle('segment-distances'); + var segmentsN = Math.min(segmentWs.pfValue.length, segmentDs.pfValue.length); + rs.edgeType = 'segments'; + rs.segpts = []; + + for (var s = 0; s < segmentsN; s++) { + var w = segmentWs.pfValue[s]; + var d = segmentDs.pfValue[s]; + var w1 = 1 - w; + var w2 = w; + var midptPts = edgeDistances === 'node-position' ? posPts : intersectionPts; + var adjustedMidpt = { + x: midptPts.x1 * w1 + midptPts.x2 * w2, + y: midptPts.y1 * w1 + midptPts.y2 * w2 + }; + rs.segpts.push(adjustedMidpt.x + vectorNormInverse.x * d, adjustedMidpt.y + vectorNormInverse.y * d); + } +}; + +BRp$c.findLoopPoints = function (edge, pairInfo, i, edgeIsUnbundled) { + // Self-edge + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var dirCounts = pairInfo.dirCounts, + srcPos = pairInfo.srcPos; + var ctrlptDists = edge.pstyle('control-point-distances'); + var ctrlptDist = ctrlptDists ? ctrlptDists.pfValue[0] : undefined; + var loopDir = edge.pstyle('loop-direction').pfValue; + var loopSwp = edge.pstyle('loop-sweep').pfValue; + var stepSize = edge.pstyle('control-point-step-size').pfValue; + rs.edgeType = 'self'; + var j = i; + var loopDist = stepSize; + + if (edgeIsUnbundled) { + j = 0; + loopDist = ctrlptDist; + } + + var loopAngle = loopDir - Math.PI / 2; + var outAngle = loopAngle - loopSwp / 2; + var inAngle = loopAngle + loopSwp / 2; // increase by step size for overlapping loops, keyed on direction and sweep values + + var dc = String(loopDir + '_' + loopSwp); + j = dirCounts[dc] === undefined ? dirCounts[dc] = 0 : ++dirCounts[dc]; + rs.ctrlpts = [srcPos.x + Math.cos(outAngle) * 1.4 * loopDist * (j / 3 + 1), srcPos.y + Math.sin(outAngle) * 1.4 * loopDist * (j / 3 + 1), srcPos.x + Math.cos(inAngle) * 1.4 * loopDist * (j / 3 + 1), srcPos.y + Math.sin(inAngle) * 1.4 * loopDist * (j / 3 + 1)]; +}; + +BRp$c.findCompoundLoopPoints = function (edge, pairInfo, i, edgeIsUnbundled) { + // Compound edge + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + rs.edgeType = 'compound'; + var srcPos = pairInfo.srcPos, + tgtPos = pairInfo.tgtPos, + srcW = pairInfo.srcW, + srcH = pairInfo.srcH, + tgtW = pairInfo.tgtW, + tgtH = pairInfo.tgtH; + var stepSize = edge.pstyle('control-point-step-size').pfValue; + var ctrlptDists = edge.pstyle('control-point-distances'); + var ctrlptDist = ctrlptDists ? ctrlptDists.pfValue[0] : undefined; + var j = i; + var loopDist = stepSize; + + if (edgeIsUnbundled) { + j = 0; + loopDist = ctrlptDist; + } + + var loopW = 50; + var loopaPos = { + x: srcPos.x - srcW / 2, + y: srcPos.y - srcH / 2 + }; + var loopbPos = { + x: tgtPos.x - tgtW / 2, + y: tgtPos.y - tgtH / 2 + }; + var loopPos = { + x: Math.min(loopaPos.x, loopbPos.x), + y: Math.min(loopaPos.y, loopbPos.y) + }; // avoids cases with impossible beziers + + var minCompoundStretch = 0.5; + var compoundStretchA = Math.max(minCompoundStretch, Math.log(srcW * 0.01)); + var compoundStretchB = Math.max(minCompoundStretch, Math.log(tgtW * 0.01)); + rs.ctrlpts = [loopPos.x, loopPos.y - (1 + Math.pow(loopW, 1.12) / 100) * loopDist * (j / 3 + 1) * compoundStretchA, loopPos.x - (1 + Math.pow(loopW, 1.12) / 100) * loopDist * (j / 3 + 1) * compoundStretchB, loopPos.y]; +}; + +BRp$c.findStraightEdgePoints = function (edge) { + // Straight edge within bundle + edge._private.rscratch.edgeType = 'straight'; +}; + +BRp$c.findBezierPoints = function (edge, pairInfo, i, edgeIsUnbundled, edgeIsSwapped) { + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var vectorNormInverse = pairInfo.vectorNormInverse, + posPts = pairInfo.posPts, + intersectionPts = pairInfo.intersectionPts; + var edgeDistances = edge.pstyle('edge-distances').value; + var stepSize = edge.pstyle('control-point-step-size').pfValue; + var ctrlptDists = edge.pstyle('control-point-distances'); + var ctrlptWs = edge.pstyle('control-point-weights'); + var bezierN = ctrlptDists && ctrlptWs ? Math.min(ctrlptDists.value.length, ctrlptWs.value.length) : 1; + var ctrlptDist = ctrlptDists ? ctrlptDists.pfValue[0] : undefined; + var ctrlptWeight = ctrlptWs.value[0]; // (Multi)bezier + + var multi = edgeIsUnbundled; + rs.edgeType = multi ? 'multibezier' : 'bezier'; + rs.ctrlpts = []; + + for (var b = 0; b < bezierN; b++) { + var normctrlptDist = (0.5 - pairInfo.eles.length / 2 + i) * stepSize * (edgeIsSwapped ? -1 : 1); + var manctrlptDist = void 0; + var sign = signum(normctrlptDist); + + if (multi) { + ctrlptDist = ctrlptDists ? ctrlptDists.pfValue[b] : stepSize; // fall back on step size + + ctrlptWeight = ctrlptWs.value[b]; + } + + if (edgeIsUnbundled) { + // multi or single unbundled + manctrlptDist = ctrlptDist; + } else { + manctrlptDist = ctrlptDist !== undefined ? sign * ctrlptDist : undefined; + } + + var distanceFromMidpoint = manctrlptDist !== undefined ? manctrlptDist : normctrlptDist; + var w1 = 1 - ctrlptWeight; + var w2 = ctrlptWeight; + var midptPts = edgeDistances === 'node-position' ? posPts : intersectionPts; + var adjustedMidpt = { + x: midptPts.x1 * w1 + midptPts.x2 * w2, + y: midptPts.y1 * w1 + midptPts.y2 * w2 + }; + rs.ctrlpts.push(adjustedMidpt.x + vectorNormInverse.x * distanceFromMidpoint, adjustedMidpt.y + vectorNormInverse.y * distanceFromMidpoint); + } +}; + +BRp$c.findTaxiPoints = function (edge, pairInfo) { + // Taxicab geometry with two turns maximum + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + rs.edgeType = 'segments'; + var VERTICAL = 'vertical'; + var HORIZONTAL = 'horizontal'; + var LEFTWARD = 'leftward'; + var RIGHTWARD = 'rightward'; + var DOWNWARD = 'downward'; + var UPWARD = 'upward'; + var AUTO = 'auto'; + var posPts = pairInfo.posPts, + srcW = pairInfo.srcW, + srcH = pairInfo.srcH, + tgtW = pairInfo.tgtW, + tgtH = pairInfo.tgtH; + var edgeDistances = edge.pstyle('edge-distances').value; + var dIncludesNodeBody = edgeDistances !== 'node-position'; + var taxiDir = edge.pstyle('taxi-direction').value; + var rawTaxiDir = taxiDir; // unprocessed value + + var taxiTurn = edge.pstyle('taxi-turn'); + var turnIsPercent = taxiTurn.units === '%'; + var taxiTurnPfVal = taxiTurn.pfValue; + var turnIsNegative = taxiTurnPfVal < 0; // i.e. from target side + + var minD = edge.pstyle('taxi-turn-min-distance').pfValue; + var dw = dIncludesNodeBody ? (srcW + tgtW) / 2 : 0; + var dh = dIncludesNodeBody ? (srcH + tgtH) / 2 : 0; + var pdx = posPts.x2 - posPts.x1; + var pdy = posPts.y2 - posPts.y1; // take away the effective w/h from the magnitude of the delta value + + var subDWH = function subDWH(dxy, dwh) { + if (dxy > 0) { + return Math.max(dxy - dwh, 0); + } else { + return Math.min(dxy + dwh, 0); + } + }; + + var dx = subDWH(pdx, dw); + var dy = subDWH(pdy, dh); + var isExplicitDir = false; + + if (rawTaxiDir === AUTO) { + taxiDir = Math.abs(dx) > Math.abs(dy) ? HORIZONTAL : VERTICAL; + } else if (rawTaxiDir === UPWARD || rawTaxiDir === DOWNWARD) { + taxiDir = VERTICAL; + isExplicitDir = true; + } else if (rawTaxiDir === LEFTWARD || rawTaxiDir === RIGHTWARD) { + taxiDir = HORIZONTAL; + isExplicitDir = true; + } + + var isVert = taxiDir === VERTICAL; + var l = isVert ? dy : dx; + var pl = isVert ? pdy : pdx; + var sgnL = signum(pl); + var forcedDir = false; + + if (!(isExplicitDir && (turnIsPercent || turnIsNegative)) // forcing in this case would cause weird growing in the opposite direction + && (rawTaxiDir === DOWNWARD && pl < 0 || rawTaxiDir === UPWARD && pl > 0 || rawTaxiDir === LEFTWARD && pl > 0 || rawTaxiDir === RIGHTWARD && pl < 0)) { + sgnL *= -1; + l = sgnL * Math.abs(l); + forcedDir = true; + } + + var d; + + if (turnIsPercent) { + var p = taxiTurnPfVal < 0 ? 1 + taxiTurnPfVal : taxiTurnPfVal; + d = p * l; + } else { + var k = taxiTurnPfVal < 0 ? l : 0; + d = k + taxiTurnPfVal * sgnL; + } + + var getIsTooClose = function getIsTooClose(d) { + return Math.abs(d) < minD || Math.abs(d) >= Math.abs(l); + }; + + var isTooCloseSrc = getIsTooClose(d); + var isTooCloseTgt = getIsTooClose(Math.abs(l) - Math.abs(d)); + var isTooClose = isTooCloseSrc || isTooCloseTgt; + + if (isTooClose && !forcedDir) { + // non-ideal routing + if (isVert) { + // vertical fallbacks + var lShapeInsideSrc = Math.abs(pl) <= srcH / 2; + var lShapeInsideTgt = Math.abs(pdx) <= tgtW / 2; + + if (lShapeInsideSrc) { + // horizontal Z-shape (direction not respected) + var x = (posPts.x1 + posPts.x2) / 2; + var y1 = posPts.y1, + y2 = posPts.y2; + rs.segpts = [x, y1, x, y2]; + } else if (lShapeInsideTgt) { + // vertical Z-shape (distance not respected) + var y = (posPts.y1 + posPts.y2) / 2; + var x1 = posPts.x1, + x2 = posPts.x2; + rs.segpts = [x1, y, x2, y]; + } else { + // L-shape fallback (turn distance not respected, but works well with tree siblings) + rs.segpts = [posPts.x1, posPts.y2]; + } + } else { + // horizontal fallbacks + var _lShapeInsideSrc = Math.abs(pl) <= srcW / 2; + + var _lShapeInsideTgt = Math.abs(pdy) <= tgtH / 2; + + if (_lShapeInsideSrc) { + // vertical Z-shape (direction not respected) + var _y = (posPts.y1 + posPts.y2) / 2; + + var _x = posPts.x1, + _x2 = posPts.x2; + rs.segpts = [_x, _y, _x2, _y]; + } else if (_lShapeInsideTgt) { + // horizontal Z-shape (turn distance not respected) + var _x3 = (posPts.x1 + posPts.x2) / 2; + + var _y2 = posPts.y1, + _y3 = posPts.y2; + rs.segpts = [_x3, _y2, _x3, _y3]; + } else { + // L-shape (turn distance not respected, but works well for tree siblings) + rs.segpts = [posPts.x2, posPts.y1]; + } + } + } else { + // ideal routing + if (isVert) { + var _y4 = posPts.y1 + d + (dIncludesNodeBody ? srcH / 2 * sgnL : 0); + + var _x4 = posPts.x1, + _x5 = posPts.x2; + rs.segpts = [_x4, _y4, _x5, _y4]; + } else { + // horizontal + var _x6 = posPts.x1 + d + (dIncludesNodeBody ? srcW / 2 * sgnL : 0); + + var _y5 = posPts.y1, + _y6 = posPts.y2; + rs.segpts = [_x6, _y5, _x6, _y6]; + } + } +}; + +BRp$c.tryToCorrectInvalidPoints = function (edge, pairInfo) { + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; // can only correct beziers for now... + + if (rs.edgeType === 'bezier') { + var srcPos = pairInfo.srcPos, + tgtPos = pairInfo.tgtPos, + srcW = pairInfo.srcW, + srcH = pairInfo.srcH, + tgtW = pairInfo.tgtW, + tgtH = pairInfo.tgtH, + srcShape = pairInfo.srcShape, + tgtShape = pairInfo.tgtShape; + var badStart = !number$1(rs.startX) || !number$1(rs.startY); + var badAStart = !number$1(rs.arrowStartX) || !number$1(rs.arrowStartY); + var badEnd = !number$1(rs.endX) || !number$1(rs.endY); + var badAEnd = !number$1(rs.arrowEndX) || !number$1(rs.arrowEndY); + var minCpADistFactor = 3; + var arrowW = this.getArrowWidth(edge.pstyle('width').pfValue, edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value) * this.arrowShapeWidth; + var minCpADist = minCpADistFactor * arrowW; + var startACpDist = dist({ + x: rs.ctrlpts[0], + y: rs.ctrlpts[1] + }, { + x: rs.startX, + y: rs.startY + }); + var closeStartACp = startACpDist < minCpADist; + var endACpDist = dist({ + x: rs.ctrlpts[0], + y: rs.ctrlpts[1] + }, { + x: rs.endX, + y: rs.endY + }); + var closeEndACp = endACpDist < minCpADist; + var overlapping = false; + + if (badStart || badAStart || closeStartACp) { + overlapping = true; // project control point along line from src centre to outside the src shape + // (otherwise intersection will yield nothing) + + var cpD = { + // delta + x: rs.ctrlpts[0] - srcPos.x, + y: rs.ctrlpts[1] - srcPos.y + }; + var cpL = Math.sqrt(cpD.x * cpD.x + cpD.y * cpD.y); // length of line + + var cpM = { + // normalised delta + x: cpD.x / cpL, + y: cpD.y / cpL + }; + var radius = Math.max(srcW, srcH); + var cpProj = { + // *2 radius guarantees outside shape + x: rs.ctrlpts[0] + cpM.x * 2 * radius, + y: rs.ctrlpts[1] + cpM.y * 2 * radius + }; + var srcCtrlPtIntn = srcShape.intersectLine(srcPos.x, srcPos.y, srcW, srcH, cpProj.x, cpProj.y, 0); + + if (closeStartACp) { + rs.ctrlpts[0] = rs.ctrlpts[0] + cpM.x * (minCpADist - startACpDist); + rs.ctrlpts[1] = rs.ctrlpts[1] + cpM.y * (minCpADist - startACpDist); + } else { + rs.ctrlpts[0] = srcCtrlPtIntn[0] + cpM.x * minCpADist; + rs.ctrlpts[1] = srcCtrlPtIntn[1] + cpM.y * minCpADist; + } + } + + if (badEnd || badAEnd || closeEndACp) { + overlapping = true; // project control point along line from tgt centre to outside the tgt shape + // (otherwise intersection will yield nothing) + + var _cpD = { + // delta + x: rs.ctrlpts[0] - tgtPos.x, + y: rs.ctrlpts[1] - tgtPos.y + }; + + var _cpL = Math.sqrt(_cpD.x * _cpD.x + _cpD.y * _cpD.y); // length of line + + + var _cpM = { + // normalised delta + x: _cpD.x / _cpL, + y: _cpD.y / _cpL + }; + + var _radius = Math.max(srcW, srcH); + + var _cpProj = { + // *2 radius guarantees outside shape + x: rs.ctrlpts[0] + _cpM.x * 2 * _radius, + y: rs.ctrlpts[1] + _cpM.y * 2 * _radius + }; + var tgtCtrlPtIntn = tgtShape.intersectLine(tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y, tgtW, tgtH, _cpProj.x, _cpProj.y, 0); + + if (closeEndACp) { + rs.ctrlpts[0] = rs.ctrlpts[0] + _cpM.x * (minCpADist - endACpDist); + rs.ctrlpts[1] = rs.ctrlpts[1] + _cpM.y * (minCpADist - endACpDist); + } else { + rs.ctrlpts[0] = tgtCtrlPtIntn[0] + _cpM.x * minCpADist; + rs.ctrlpts[1] = tgtCtrlPtIntn[1] + _cpM.y * minCpADist; + } + } + + if (overlapping) { + // recalc endpts + this.findEndpoints(edge); + } + } +}; + +BRp$c.storeAllpts = function (edge) { + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + + if (rs.edgeType === 'multibezier' || rs.edgeType === 'bezier' || rs.edgeType === 'self' || rs.edgeType === 'compound') { + rs.allpts = []; + rs.allpts.push(rs.startX, rs.startY); + + for (var b = 0; b + 1 < rs.ctrlpts.length; b += 2) { + // ctrl pt itself + rs.allpts.push(rs.ctrlpts[b], rs.ctrlpts[b + 1]); // the midpt between ctrlpts as intermediate destination pts + + if (b + 3 < rs.ctrlpts.length) { + rs.allpts.push((rs.ctrlpts[b] + rs.ctrlpts[b + 2]) / 2, (rs.ctrlpts[b + 1] + rs.ctrlpts[b + 3]) / 2); + } + } + + rs.allpts.push(rs.endX, rs.endY); + var m, mt; + + if (rs.ctrlpts.length / 2 % 2 === 0) { + m = rs.allpts.length / 2 - 1; + rs.midX = rs.allpts[m]; + rs.midY = rs.allpts[m + 1]; + } else { + m = rs.allpts.length / 2 - 3; + mt = 0.5; + rs.midX = qbezierAt(rs.allpts[m], rs.allpts[m + 2], rs.allpts[m + 4], mt); + rs.midY = qbezierAt(rs.allpts[m + 1], rs.allpts[m + 3], rs.allpts[m + 5], mt); + } + } else if (rs.edgeType === 'straight') { + // need to calc these after endpts + rs.allpts = [rs.startX, rs.startY, rs.endX, rs.endY]; // default midpt for labels etc + + rs.midX = (rs.startX + rs.endX + rs.arrowStartX + rs.arrowEndX) / 4; + rs.midY = (rs.startY + rs.endY + rs.arrowStartY + rs.arrowEndY) / 4; + } else if (rs.edgeType === 'segments') { + rs.allpts = []; + rs.allpts.push(rs.startX, rs.startY); + rs.allpts.push.apply(rs.allpts, rs.segpts); + rs.allpts.push(rs.endX, rs.endY); + + if (rs.segpts.length % 4 === 0) { + var i2 = rs.segpts.length / 2; + var i1 = i2 - 2; + rs.midX = (rs.segpts[i1] + rs.segpts[i2]) / 2; + rs.midY = (rs.segpts[i1 + 1] + rs.segpts[i2 + 1]) / 2; + } else { + var _i = rs.segpts.length / 2 - 1; + + rs.midX = rs.segpts[_i]; + rs.midY = rs.segpts[_i + 1]; + } + } +}; + +BRp$c.checkForInvalidEdgeWarning = function (edge) { + var rs = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + + if (rs.nodesOverlap || number$1(rs.startX) && number$1(rs.startY) && number$1(rs.endX) && number$1(rs.endY)) { + rs.loggedErr = false; + } else { + if (!rs.loggedErr) { + rs.loggedErr = true; + warn('Edge `' + edge.id() + '` has invalid endpoints and so it is impossible to draw. Adjust your edge style (e.g. control points) accordingly or use an alternative edge type. This is expected behaviour when the source node and the target node overlap.'); + } + } +}; + +BRp$c.findEdgeControlPoints = function (edges) { + var _this = this; + + if (!edges || edges.length === 0) { + return; + } + + var r = this; + var cy = r.cy; + var hasCompounds = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + var hashTable = { + map: new Map$1(), + get: function get(pairId) { + var map2 = this.map.get(pairId[0]); + + if (map2 != null) { + return map2.get(pairId[1]); + } else { + return null; + } + }, + set: function set(pairId, val) { + var map2 = this.map.get(pairId[0]); + + if (map2 == null) { + map2 = new Map$1(); + this.map.set(pairId[0], map2); + } + + map2.set(pairId[1], val); + } + }; + var pairIds = []; + var haystackEdges = []; // create a table of edge (src, tgt) => list of edges between them + + for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) { + var edge = edges[i]; + var _p = edge._private; + var curveStyle = edge.pstyle('curve-style').value; // ignore edges who are not to be displayed + // they shouldn't take up space + + if (edge.removed() || !edge.takesUpSpace()) { + continue; + } + + if (curveStyle === 'haystack') { + haystackEdges.push(edge); + continue; + } + + var edgeIsUnbundled = curveStyle === 'unbundled-bezier' || curveStyle === 'segments' || curveStyle === 'straight' || curveStyle === 'straight-triangle' || curveStyle === 'taxi'; + var edgeIsBezier = curveStyle === 'unbundled-bezier' || curveStyle === 'bezier'; + var src = _p.source; + var tgt = _p.target; + var srcIndex = src.poolIndex(); + var tgtIndex = tgt.poolIndex(); + var pairId = [srcIndex, tgtIndex].sort(); + var tableEntry = hashTable.get(pairId); + + if (tableEntry == null) { + tableEntry = { + eles: [] + }; + hashTable.set(pairId, tableEntry); + pairIds.push(pairId); + } + + tableEntry.eles.push(edge); + + if (edgeIsUnbundled) { + tableEntry.hasUnbundled = true; + } + + if (edgeIsBezier) { + tableEntry.hasBezier = true; + } + } // for each pair (src, tgt), create the ctrl pts + // Nested for loop is OK; total number of iterations for both loops = edgeCount + + + var _loop = function _loop(p) { + var pairId = pairIds[p]; + var pairInfo = hashTable.get(pairId); + var swappedpairInfo = void 0; + + if (!pairInfo.hasUnbundled) { + var pllEdges = pairInfo.eles[0].parallelEdges().filter(function (e) { + return e.isBundledBezier(); + }); + clearArray(pairInfo.eles); + pllEdges.forEach(function (edge) { + return pairInfo.eles.push(edge); + }); // for each pair id, the edges should be sorted by index + + pairInfo.eles.sort(function (edge1, edge2) { + return edge1.poolIndex() - edge2.poolIndex(); + }); + } + + var firstEdge = pairInfo.eles[0]; + var src = firstEdge.source(); + var tgt = firstEdge.target(); // make sure src/tgt distinction is consistent w.r.t. pairId + + if (src.poolIndex() > tgt.poolIndex()) { + var temp = src; + src = tgt; + tgt = temp; + } + + var srcPos = pairInfo.srcPos = src.position(); + var tgtPos = pairInfo.tgtPos = tgt.position(); + var srcW = pairInfo.srcW = src.outerWidth(); + var srcH = pairInfo.srcH = src.outerHeight(); + var tgtW = pairInfo.tgtW = tgt.outerWidth(); + var tgtH = pairInfo.tgtH = tgt.outerHeight(); + + var srcShape = pairInfo.srcShape = r.nodeShapes[_this.getNodeShape(src)]; + + var tgtShape = pairInfo.tgtShape = r.nodeShapes[_this.getNodeShape(tgt)]; + + pairInfo.dirCounts = { + 'north': 0, + 'west': 0, + 'south': 0, + 'east': 0, + 'northwest': 0, + 'southwest': 0, + 'northeast': 0, + 'southeast': 0 + }; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < pairInfo.eles.length; _i2++) { + var _edge = pairInfo.eles[_i2]; + var rs = _edge[0]._private.rscratch; + + var _curveStyle = _edge.pstyle('curve-style').value; + + var _edgeIsUnbundled = _curveStyle === 'unbundled-bezier' || _curveStyle === 'segments' || _curveStyle === 'taxi'; // whether the normalised pair order is the reverse of the edge's src-tgt order + + + var edgeIsSwapped = !src.same(_edge.source()); + + if (!pairInfo.calculatedIntersection && src !== tgt && (pairInfo.hasBezier || pairInfo.hasUnbundled)) { + pairInfo.calculatedIntersection = true; // pt outside src shape to calc distance/displacement from src to tgt + + var srcOutside = srcShape.intersectLine(srcPos.x, srcPos.y, srcW, srcH, tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y, 0); + var srcIntn = pairInfo.srcIntn = srcOutside; // pt outside tgt shape to calc distance/displacement from src to tgt + + var tgtOutside = tgtShape.intersectLine(tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y, tgtW, tgtH, srcPos.x, srcPos.y, 0); + var tgtIntn = pairInfo.tgtIntn = tgtOutside; + var intersectionPts = pairInfo.intersectionPts = { + x1: srcOutside[0], + x2: tgtOutside[0], + y1: srcOutside[1], + y2: tgtOutside[1] + }; + var posPts = pairInfo.posPts = { + x1: srcPos.x, + x2: tgtPos.x, + y1: srcPos.y, + y2: tgtPos.y + }; + var dy = tgtOutside[1] - srcOutside[1]; + var dx = tgtOutside[0] - srcOutside[0]; + var l = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); + var vector = pairInfo.vector = { + x: dx, + y: dy + }; + var vectorNorm = pairInfo.vectorNorm = { + x: vector.x / l, + y: vector.y / l + }; + var vectorNormInverse = { + x: -vectorNorm.y, + y: vectorNorm.x + }; // if node shapes overlap, then no ctrl pts to draw + + pairInfo.nodesOverlap = !number$1(l) || tgtShape.checkPoint(srcOutside[0], srcOutside[1], 0, tgtW, tgtH, tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y) || srcShape.checkPoint(tgtOutside[0], tgtOutside[1], 0, srcW, srcH, srcPos.x, srcPos.y); + pairInfo.vectorNormInverse = vectorNormInverse; + swappedpairInfo = { + nodesOverlap: pairInfo.nodesOverlap, + dirCounts: pairInfo.dirCounts, + calculatedIntersection: true, + hasBezier: pairInfo.hasBezier, + hasUnbundled: pairInfo.hasUnbundled, + eles: pairInfo.eles, + srcPos: tgtPos, + tgtPos: srcPos, + srcW: tgtW, + srcH: tgtH, + tgtW: srcW, + tgtH: srcH, + srcIntn: tgtIntn, + tgtIntn: srcIntn, + srcShape: tgtShape, + tgtShape: srcShape, + posPts: { + x1: posPts.x2, + y1: posPts.y2, + x2: posPts.x1, + y2: posPts.y1 + }, + intersectionPts: { + x1: intersectionPts.x2, + y1: intersectionPts.y2, + x2: intersectionPts.x1, + y2: intersectionPts.y1 + }, + vector: { + x: -vector.x, + y: -vector.y + }, + vectorNorm: { + x: -vectorNorm.x, + y: -vectorNorm.y + }, + vectorNormInverse: { + x: -vectorNormInverse.x, + y: -vectorNormInverse.y + } + }; + } + + var passedPairInfo = edgeIsSwapped ? swappedpairInfo : pairInfo; + rs.nodesOverlap = passedPairInfo.nodesOverlap; + rs.srcIntn = passedPairInfo.srcIntn; + rs.tgtIntn = passedPairInfo.tgtIntn; + + if (hasCompounds && (src.isParent() || src.isChild() || tgt.isParent() || tgt.isChild()) && (src.parents().anySame(tgt) || tgt.parents().anySame(src) || src.same(tgt) && src.isParent())) { + _this.findCompoundLoopPoints(_edge, passedPairInfo, _i2, _edgeIsUnbundled); + } else if (src === tgt) { + _this.findLoopPoints(_edge, passedPairInfo, _i2, _edgeIsUnbundled); + } else if (_curveStyle === 'segments') { + _this.findSegmentsPoints(_edge, passedPairInfo); + } else if (_curveStyle === 'taxi') { + _this.findTaxiPoints(_edge, passedPairInfo); + } else if (_curveStyle === 'straight' || !_edgeIsUnbundled && pairInfo.eles.length % 2 === 1 && _i2 === Math.floor(pairInfo.eles.length / 2)) { + _this.findStraightEdgePoints(_edge); + } else { + _this.findBezierPoints(_edge, passedPairInfo, _i2, _edgeIsUnbundled, edgeIsSwapped); + } + + _this.findEndpoints(_edge); + + _this.tryToCorrectInvalidPoints(_edge, passedPairInfo); + + _this.checkForInvalidEdgeWarning(_edge); + + _this.storeAllpts(_edge); + + _this.storeEdgeProjections(_edge); + + _this.calculateArrowAngles(_edge); + + _this.recalculateEdgeLabelProjections(_edge); + + _this.calculateLabelAngles(_edge); + } // for pair edges + + }; + + for (var p = 0; p < pairIds.length; p++) { + _loop(p); + } // for pair ids + // haystacks avoid the expense of pairInfo stuff (intersections etc.) + + + this.findHaystackPoints(haystackEdges); +}; + +function getPts(pts) { + var retPts = []; + + if (pts == null) { + return; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < pts.length; i += 2) { + var x = pts[i]; + var y = pts[i + 1]; + retPts.push({ + x: x, + y: y + }); + } + + return retPts; +} + +BRp$c.getSegmentPoints = function (edge) { + var rs = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + var type = rs.edgeType; + + if (type === 'segments') { + this.recalculateRenderedStyle(edge); + return getPts(rs.segpts); + } +}; + +BRp$c.getControlPoints = function (edge) { + var rs = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + var type = rs.edgeType; + + if (type === 'bezier' || type === 'multibezier' || type === 'self' || type === 'compound') { + this.recalculateRenderedStyle(edge); + return getPts(rs.ctrlpts); + } +}; + +BRp$c.getEdgeMidpoint = function (edge) { + var rs = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + this.recalculateRenderedStyle(edge); + return { + x: rs.midX, + y: rs.midY + }; +}; + +var BRp$b = {}; + +BRp$b.manualEndptToPx = function (node, prop) { + var r = this; + var npos = node.position(); + var w = node.outerWidth(); + var h = node.outerHeight(); + + if (prop.value.length === 2) { + var p = [prop.pfValue[0], prop.pfValue[1]]; + + if (prop.units[0] === '%') { + p[0] = p[0] * w; + } + + if (prop.units[1] === '%') { + p[1] = p[1] * h; + } + + p[0] += npos.x; + p[1] += npos.y; + return p; + } else { + var angle = prop.pfValue[0]; + angle = -Math.PI / 2 + angle; // start at 12 o'clock + + var l = 2 * Math.max(w, h); + var _p = [npos.x + Math.cos(angle) * l, npos.y + Math.sin(angle) * l]; + return r.nodeShapes[this.getNodeShape(node)].intersectLine(npos.x, npos.y, w, h, _p[0], _p[1], 0); + } +}; + +BRp$b.findEndpoints = function (edge) { + var r = this; + var intersect; + var source = edge.source()[0]; + var target = edge.target()[0]; + var srcPos = source.position(); + var tgtPos = target.position(); + var tgtArShape = edge.pstyle('target-arrow-shape').value; + var srcArShape = edge.pstyle('source-arrow-shape').value; + var tgtDist = edge.pstyle('target-distance-from-node').pfValue; + var srcDist = edge.pstyle('source-distance-from-node').pfValue; + var curveStyle = edge.pstyle('curve-style').value; + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var et = rs.edgeType; + var taxi = curveStyle === 'taxi'; + var self = et === 'self' || et === 'compound'; + var bezier = et === 'bezier' || et === 'multibezier' || self; + var multi = et !== 'bezier'; + var lines = et === 'straight' || et === 'segments'; + var segments = et === 'segments'; + var hasEndpts = bezier || multi || lines; + var overrideEndpts = self || taxi; + var srcManEndpt = edge.pstyle('source-endpoint'); + var srcManEndptVal = overrideEndpts ? 'outside-to-node' : srcManEndpt.value; + var tgtManEndpt = edge.pstyle('target-endpoint'); + var tgtManEndptVal = overrideEndpts ? 'outside-to-node' : tgtManEndpt.value; + rs.srcManEndpt = srcManEndpt; + rs.tgtManEndpt = tgtManEndpt; + var p1; // last known point of edge on target side + + var p2; // last known point of edge on source side + + var p1_i; // point to intersect with target shape + + var p2_i; // point to intersect with source shape + + if (bezier) { + var cpStart = [rs.ctrlpts[0], rs.ctrlpts[1]]; + var cpEnd = multi ? [rs.ctrlpts[rs.ctrlpts.length - 2], rs.ctrlpts[rs.ctrlpts.length - 1]] : cpStart; + p1 = cpEnd; + p2 = cpStart; + } else if (lines) { + var srcArrowFromPt = !segments ? [tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y] : rs.segpts.slice(0, 2); + var tgtArrowFromPt = !segments ? [srcPos.x, srcPos.y] : rs.segpts.slice(rs.segpts.length - 2); + p1 = tgtArrowFromPt; + p2 = srcArrowFromPt; + } + + if (tgtManEndptVal === 'inside-to-node') { + intersect = [tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y]; + } else if (tgtManEndpt.units) { + intersect = this.manualEndptToPx(target, tgtManEndpt); + } else if (tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line') { + intersect = rs.tgtIntn; // use cached value from ctrlpt calc + } else { + if (tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-node' || tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-node-or-label') { + p1_i = p1; + } else if (tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line' || tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line-or-label') { + p1_i = [srcPos.x, srcPos.y]; + } + + intersect = r.nodeShapes[this.getNodeShape(target)].intersectLine(tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y, target.outerWidth(), target.outerHeight(), p1_i[0], p1_i[1], 0); + + if (tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-node-or-label' || tgtManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line-or-label') { + var trs = target._private.rscratch; + var lw = trs.labelWidth; + var lh = trs.labelHeight; + var lx = trs.labelX; + var ly = trs.labelY; + var lw2 = lw / 2; + var lh2 = lh / 2; + var va = target.pstyle('text-valign').value; + + if (va === 'top') { + ly -= lh2; + } else if (va === 'bottom') { + ly += lh2; + } + + var ha = target.pstyle('text-halign').value; + + if (ha === 'left') { + lx -= lw2; + } else if (ha === 'right') { + lx += lw2; + } + + var labelIntersect = polygonIntersectLine(p1_i[0], p1_i[1], [lx - lw2, ly - lh2, lx + lw2, ly - lh2, lx + lw2, ly + lh2, lx - lw2, ly + lh2], tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y); + + if (labelIntersect.length > 0) { + var refPt = srcPos; + var intSqdist = sqdist(refPt, array2point(intersect)); + var labIntSqdist = sqdist(refPt, array2point(labelIntersect)); + var minSqDist = intSqdist; + + if (labIntSqdist < intSqdist) { + intersect = labelIntersect; + minSqDist = labIntSqdist; + } + + if (labelIntersect.length > 2) { + var labInt2SqDist = sqdist(refPt, { + x: labelIntersect[2], + y: labelIntersect[3] + }); + + if (labInt2SqDist < minSqDist) { + intersect = [labelIntersect[2], labelIntersect[3]]; + } + } + } + } + } + + var arrowEnd = shortenIntersection(intersect, p1, r.arrowShapes[tgtArShape].spacing(edge) + tgtDist); + var edgeEnd = shortenIntersection(intersect, p1, r.arrowShapes[tgtArShape].gap(edge) + tgtDist); + rs.endX = edgeEnd[0]; + rs.endY = edgeEnd[1]; + rs.arrowEndX = arrowEnd[0]; + rs.arrowEndY = arrowEnd[1]; + + if (srcManEndptVal === 'inside-to-node') { + intersect = [srcPos.x, srcPos.y]; + } else if (srcManEndpt.units) { + intersect = this.manualEndptToPx(source, srcManEndpt); + } else if (srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line') { + intersect = rs.srcIntn; // use cached value from ctrlpt calc + } else { + if (srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-node' || srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-node-or-label') { + p2_i = p2; + } else if (srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line' || srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line-or-label') { + p2_i = [tgtPos.x, tgtPos.y]; + } + + intersect = r.nodeShapes[this.getNodeShape(source)].intersectLine(srcPos.x, srcPos.y, source.outerWidth(), source.outerHeight(), p2_i[0], p2_i[1], 0); + + if (srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-node-or-label' || srcManEndptVal === 'outside-to-line-or-label') { + var srs = source._private.rscratch; + var _lw = srs.labelWidth; + var _lh = srs.labelHeight; + var _lx = srs.labelX; + var _ly = srs.labelY; + + var _lw2 = _lw / 2; + + var _lh2 = _lh / 2; + + var _va = source.pstyle('text-valign').value; + + if (_va === 'top') { + _ly -= _lh2; + } else if (_va === 'bottom') { + _ly += _lh2; + } + + var _ha = source.pstyle('text-halign').value; + + if (_ha === 'left') { + _lx -= _lw2; + } else if (_ha === 'right') { + _lx += _lw2; + } + + var _labelIntersect = polygonIntersectLine(p2_i[0], p2_i[1], [_lx - _lw2, _ly - _lh2, _lx + _lw2, _ly - _lh2, _lx + _lw2, _ly + _lh2, _lx - _lw2, _ly + _lh2], srcPos.x, srcPos.y); + + if (_labelIntersect.length > 0) { + var _refPt = tgtPos; + + var _intSqdist = sqdist(_refPt, array2point(intersect)); + + var _labIntSqdist = sqdist(_refPt, array2point(_labelIntersect)); + + var _minSqDist = _intSqdist; + + if (_labIntSqdist < _intSqdist) { + intersect = [_labelIntersect[0], _labelIntersect[1]]; + _minSqDist = _labIntSqdist; + } + + if (_labelIntersect.length > 2) { + var _labInt2SqDist = sqdist(_refPt, { + x: _labelIntersect[2], + y: _labelIntersect[3] + }); + + if (_labInt2SqDist < _minSqDist) { + intersect = [_labelIntersect[2], _labelIntersect[3]]; + } + } + } + } + } + + var arrowStart = shortenIntersection(intersect, p2, r.arrowShapes[srcArShape].spacing(edge) + srcDist); + var edgeStart = shortenIntersection(intersect, p2, r.arrowShapes[srcArShape].gap(edge) + srcDist); + rs.startX = edgeStart[0]; + rs.startY = edgeStart[1]; + rs.arrowStartX = arrowStart[0]; + rs.arrowStartY = arrowStart[1]; + + if (hasEndpts) { + if (!number$1(rs.startX) || !number$1(rs.startY) || !number$1(rs.endX) || !number$1(rs.endY)) { + rs.badLine = true; + } else { + rs.badLine = false; + } + } +}; + +BRp$b.getSourceEndpoint = function (edge) { + var rs = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + this.recalculateRenderedStyle(edge); + + switch (rs.edgeType) { + case 'haystack': + return { + x: rs.haystackPts[0], + y: rs.haystackPts[1] + }; + + default: + return { + x: rs.arrowStartX, + y: rs.arrowStartY + }; + } +}; + +BRp$b.getTargetEndpoint = function (edge) { + var rs = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + this.recalculateRenderedStyle(edge); + + switch (rs.edgeType) { + case 'haystack': + return { + x: rs.haystackPts[2], + y: rs.haystackPts[3] + }; + + default: + return { + x: rs.arrowEndX, + y: rs.arrowEndY + }; + } +}; + +var BRp$a = {}; + +function pushBezierPts(r, edge, pts) { + var qbezierAt$1 = function qbezierAt$1(p1, p2, p3, t) { + return qbezierAt(p1, p2, p3, t); + }; + + var _p = edge._private; + var bpts = _p.rstyle.bezierPts; + + for (var i = 0; i < r.bezierProjPcts.length; i++) { + var p = r.bezierProjPcts[i]; + bpts.push({ + x: qbezierAt$1(pts[0], pts[2], pts[4], p), + y: qbezierAt$1(pts[1], pts[3], pts[5], p) + }); + } +} + +BRp$a.storeEdgeProjections = function (edge) { + var _p = edge._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + var et = rs.edgeType; // clear the cached points state + + _p.rstyle.bezierPts = null; + _p.rstyle.linePts = null; + _p.rstyle.haystackPts = null; + + if (et === 'multibezier' || et === 'bezier' || et === 'self' || et === 'compound') { + _p.rstyle.bezierPts = []; + + for (var i = 0; i + 5 < rs.allpts.length; i += 4) { + pushBezierPts(this, edge, rs.allpts.slice(i, i + 6)); + } + } else if (et === 'segments') { + var lpts = _p.rstyle.linePts = []; + + for (var i = 0; i + 1 < rs.allpts.length; i += 2) { + lpts.push({ + x: rs.allpts[i], + y: rs.allpts[i + 1] + }); + } + } else if (et === 'haystack') { + var hpts = rs.haystackPts; + _p.rstyle.haystackPts = [{ + x: hpts[0], + y: hpts[1] + }, { + x: hpts[2], + y: hpts[3] + }]; + } + + _p.rstyle.arrowWidth = this.getArrowWidth(edge.pstyle('width').pfValue, edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value) * this.arrowShapeWidth; +}; + +BRp$a.recalculateEdgeProjections = function (edges) { + this.findEdgeControlPoints(edges); +}; + +/* global document */ + +var BRp$9 = {}; + +BRp$9.recalculateNodeLabelProjection = function (node) { + var content = node.pstyle('label').strValue; + + if (emptyString(content)) { + return; + } + + var textX, textY; + var _p = node._private; + var nodeWidth = node.width(); + var nodeHeight = node.height(); + var padding = node.padding(); + var nodePos = node.position(); + var textHalign = node.pstyle('text-halign').strValue; + var textValign = node.pstyle('text-valign').strValue; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + var rstyle = _p.rstyle; + + switch (textHalign) { + case 'left': + textX = nodePos.x - nodeWidth / 2 - padding; + break; + + case 'right': + textX = nodePos.x + nodeWidth / 2 + padding; + break; + + default: + // e.g. center + textX = nodePos.x; + } + + switch (textValign) { + case 'top': + textY = nodePos.y - nodeHeight / 2 - padding; + break; + + case 'bottom': + textY = nodePos.y + nodeHeight / 2 + padding; + break; + + default: + // e.g. middle + textY = nodePos.y; + } + + rs.labelX = textX; + rs.labelY = textY; + rstyle.labelX = textX; + rstyle.labelY = textY; + this.calculateLabelAngles(node); + this.applyLabelDimensions(node); +}; + +var lineAngleFromDelta = function lineAngleFromDelta(dx, dy) { + var angle = Math.atan(dy / dx); + + if (dx === 0 && angle < 0) { + angle = angle * -1; + } + + return angle; +}; + +var lineAngle = function lineAngle(p0, p1) { + var dx = p1.x - p0.x; + var dy = p1.y - p0.y; + return lineAngleFromDelta(dx, dy); +}; + +var bezierAngle = function bezierAngle(p0, p1, p2, t) { + var t0 = bound(0, t - 0.001, 1); + var t1 = bound(0, t + 0.001, 1); + var lp0 = qbezierPtAt(p0, p1, p2, t0); + var lp1 = qbezierPtAt(p0, p1, p2, t1); + return lineAngle(lp0, lp1); +}; + +BRp$9.recalculateEdgeLabelProjections = function (edge) { + var p; + var _p = edge._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + var r = this; + var content = { + mid: edge.pstyle('label').strValue, + source: edge.pstyle('source-label').strValue, + target: edge.pstyle('target-label').strValue + }; + + if (content.mid || content.source || content.target) ; else { + return; // no labels => no calcs + } // add center point to style so bounding box calculations can use it + // + + + p = { + x: rs.midX, + y: rs.midY + }; + + var setRs = function setRs(propName, prefix, value) { + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, propName, prefix, value); + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rstyle, propName, prefix, value); + }; + + setRs('labelX', null, p.x); + setRs('labelY', null, p.y); + var midAngle = lineAngleFromDelta(rs.midDispX, rs.midDispY); + setRs('labelAutoAngle', null, midAngle); + + var createControlPointInfo = function createControlPointInfo() { + if (createControlPointInfo.cache) { + return createControlPointInfo.cache; + } // use cache so only 1x per edge + + + var ctrlpts = []; // store each ctrlpt info init + + for (var i = 0; i + 5 < rs.allpts.length; i += 4) { + var p0 = { + x: rs.allpts[i], + y: rs.allpts[i + 1] + }; + var p1 = { + x: rs.allpts[i + 2], + y: rs.allpts[i + 3] + }; // ctrlpt + + var p2 = { + x: rs.allpts[i + 4], + y: rs.allpts[i + 5] + }; + ctrlpts.push({ + p0: p0, + p1: p1, + p2: p2, + startDist: 0, + length: 0, + segments: [] + }); + } + + var bpts = _p.rstyle.bezierPts; + var nProjs = r.bezierProjPcts.length; + + function addSegment(cp, p0, p1, t0, t1) { + var length = dist(p0, p1); + var prevSegment = cp.segments[cp.segments.length - 1]; + var segment = { + p0: p0, + p1: p1, + t0: t0, + t1: t1, + startDist: prevSegment ? prevSegment.startDist + prevSegment.length : 0, + length: length + }; + cp.segments.push(segment); + cp.length += length; + } // update each ctrlpt with segment info + + + for (var _i = 0; _i < ctrlpts.length; _i++) { + var cp = ctrlpts[_i]; + var prevCp = ctrlpts[_i - 1]; + + if (prevCp) { + cp.startDist = prevCp.startDist + prevCp.length; + } + + addSegment(cp, cp.p0, bpts[_i * nProjs], 0, r.bezierProjPcts[0]); // first + + for (var j = 0; j < nProjs - 1; j++) { + addSegment(cp, bpts[_i * nProjs + j], bpts[_i * nProjs + j + 1], r.bezierProjPcts[j], r.bezierProjPcts[j + 1]); + } + + addSegment(cp, bpts[_i * nProjs + nProjs - 1], cp.p2, r.bezierProjPcts[nProjs - 1], 1); // last + } + + return createControlPointInfo.cache = ctrlpts; + }; + + var calculateEndProjection = function calculateEndProjection(prefix) { + var angle; + var isSrc = prefix === 'source'; + + if (!content[prefix]) { + return; + } + + var offset = edge.pstyle(prefix + '-text-offset').pfValue; + + switch (rs.edgeType) { + case 'self': + case 'compound': + case 'bezier': + case 'multibezier': + { + var cps = createControlPointInfo(); + var selected; + var startDist = 0; + var totalDist = 0; // find the segment we're on + + for (var i = 0; i < cps.length; i++) { + var _cp = cps[isSrc ? i : cps.length - 1 - i]; + + for (var j = 0; j < _cp.segments.length; j++) { + var _seg = _cp.segments[isSrc ? j : _cp.segments.length - 1 - j]; + var lastSeg = i === cps.length - 1 && j === _cp.segments.length - 1; + startDist = totalDist; + totalDist += _seg.length; + + if (totalDist >= offset || lastSeg) { + selected = { + cp: _cp, + segment: _seg + }; + break; + } + } + + if (selected) { + break; + } + } + + var cp = selected.cp; + var seg = selected.segment; + var tSegment = (offset - startDist) / seg.length; + var segDt = seg.t1 - seg.t0; + var t = isSrc ? seg.t0 + segDt * tSegment : seg.t1 - segDt * tSegment; + t = bound(0, t, 1); + p = qbezierPtAt(cp.p0, cp.p1, cp.p2, t); + angle = bezierAngle(cp.p0, cp.p1, cp.p2, t); + break; + } + + case 'straight': + case 'segments': + case 'haystack': + { + var d = 0, + di, + d0; + var p0, p1; + var l = rs.allpts.length; + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 + 3 < l; _i2 += 2) { + if (isSrc) { + p0 = { + x: rs.allpts[_i2], + y: rs.allpts[_i2 + 1] + }; + p1 = { + x: rs.allpts[_i2 + 2], + y: rs.allpts[_i2 + 3] + }; + } else { + p0 = { + x: rs.allpts[l - 2 - _i2], + y: rs.allpts[l - 1 - _i2] + }; + p1 = { + x: rs.allpts[l - 4 - _i2], + y: rs.allpts[l - 3 - _i2] + }; + } + + di = dist(p0, p1); + d0 = d; + d += di; + + if (d >= offset) { + break; + } + } + + var pD = offset - d0; + + var _t = pD / di; + + _t = bound(0, _t, 1); + p = lineAt(p0, p1, _t); + angle = lineAngle(p0, p1); + break; + } + } + + setRs('labelX', prefix, p.x); + setRs('labelY', prefix, p.y); + setRs('labelAutoAngle', prefix, angle); + }; + + calculateEndProjection('source'); + calculateEndProjection('target'); + this.applyLabelDimensions(edge); +}; + +BRp$9.applyLabelDimensions = function (ele) { + this.applyPrefixedLabelDimensions(ele); + + if (ele.isEdge()) { + this.applyPrefixedLabelDimensions(ele, 'source'); + this.applyPrefixedLabelDimensions(ele, 'target'); + } +}; + +BRp$9.applyPrefixedLabelDimensions = function (ele, prefix) { + var _p = ele._private; + var text = this.getLabelText(ele, prefix); + var labelDims = this.calculateLabelDimensions(ele, text); + var lineHeight = ele.pstyle('line-height').pfValue; + var textWrap = ele.pstyle('text-wrap').strValue; + var lines = getPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, 'labelWrapCachedLines', prefix) || []; + var numLines = textWrap !== 'wrap' ? 1 : Math.max(lines.length, 1); + var normPerLineHeight = labelDims.height / numLines; + var labelLineHeight = normPerLineHeight * lineHeight; + var width = labelDims.width; + var height = labelDims.height + (numLines - 1) * (lineHeight - 1) * normPerLineHeight; + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rstyle, 'labelWidth', prefix, width); + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, 'labelWidth', prefix, width); + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rstyle, 'labelHeight', prefix, height); + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, 'labelHeight', prefix, height); + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, 'labelLineHeight', prefix, labelLineHeight); +}; + +BRp$9.getLabelText = function (ele, prefix) { + var _p = ele._private; + var pfd = prefix ? prefix + '-' : ''; + var text = ele.pstyle(pfd + 'label').strValue; + var textTransform = ele.pstyle('text-transform').value; + + var rscratch = function rscratch(propName, value) { + if (value) { + setPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, propName, prefix, value); + return value; + } else { + return getPrefixedProperty(_p.rscratch, propName, prefix); + } + }; // for empty text, skip all processing + + + if (!text) { + return ''; + } + + if (textTransform == 'none') ; else if (textTransform == 'uppercase') { + text = text.toUpperCase(); + } else if (textTransform == 'lowercase') { + text = text.toLowerCase(); + } + + var wrapStyle = ele.pstyle('text-wrap').value; + + if (wrapStyle === 'wrap') { + var labelKey = rscratch('labelKey'); // save recalc if the label is the same as before + + if (labelKey != null && rscratch('labelWrapKey') === labelKey) { + return rscratch('labelWrapCachedText'); + } + + var zwsp = "\u200B"; + var lines = text.split('\n'); + var maxW = ele.pstyle('text-max-width').pfValue; + var overflow = ele.pstyle('text-overflow-wrap').value; + var overflowAny = overflow === 'anywhere'; + var wrappedLines = []; + var wordsRegex = /[\s\u200b]+/; + var wordSeparator = overflowAny ? '' : ' '; + + for (var l = 0; l < lines.length; l++) { + var line = lines[l]; + var lineDims = this.calculateLabelDimensions(ele, line); + var lineW = lineDims.width; + + if (overflowAny) { + var processedLine = line.split('').join(zwsp); + line = processedLine; + } + + if (lineW > maxW) { + // line is too long + var words = line.split(wordsRegex); + var subline = ''; + + for (var w = 0; w < words.length; w++) { + var word = words[w]; + var testLine = subline.length === 0 ? word : subline + wordSeparator + word; + var testDims = this.calculateLabelDimensions(ele, testLine); + var testW = testDims.width; + + if (testW <= maxW) { + // word fits on current line + subline += word + wordSeparator; + } else { + // word starts new line + if (subline) { + wrappedLines.push(subline); + } + + subline = word + wordSeparator; + } + } // if there's remaining text, put it in a wrapped line + + + if (!subline.match(/^[\s\u200b]+$/)) { + wrappedLines.push(subline); + } + } else { + // line is already short enough + wrappedLines.push(line); + } + } // for + + + rscratch('labelWrapCachedLines', wrappedLines); + text = rscratch('labelWrapCachedText', wrappedLines.join('\n')); + rscratch('labelWrapKey', labelKey); + } else if (wrapStyle === 'ellipsis') { + var _maxW = ele.pstyle('text-max-width').pfValue; + var ellipsized = ''; + var ellipsis = "\u2026"; + var incLastCh = false; + + if (this.calculateLabelDimensions(ele, text).width < _maxW) { + // the label already fits + return text; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) { + var widthWithNextCh = this.calculateLabelDimensions(ele, ellipsized + text[i] + ellipsis).width; + + if (widthWithNextCh > _maxW) { + break; + } + + ellipsized += text[i]; + + if (i === text.length - 1) { + incLastCh = true; + } + } + + if (!incLastCh) { + ellipsized += ellipsis; + } + + return ellipsized; + } // if ellipsize + + + return text; +}; + +BRp$9.getLabelJustification = function (ele) { + var justification = ele.pstyle('text-justification').strValue; + var textHalign = ele.pstyle('text-halign').strValue; + + if (justification === 'auto') { + if (ele.isNode()) { + switch (textHalign) { + case 'left': + return 'right'; + + case 'right': + return 'left'; + + default: + return 'center'; + } + } else { + return 'center'; + } + } else { + return justification; + } +}; + +BRp$9.calculateLabelDimensions = function (ele, text) { + var r = this; + var cacheKey = hashString(text, ele._private.labelDimsKey); + var cache = r.labelDimCache || (r.labelDimCache = []); + var existingVal = cache[cacheKey]; + + if (existingVal != null) { + return existingVal; + } + + var padding = 0; // add padding around text dims, as the measurement isn't that accurate + + var fStyle = ele.pstyle('font-style').strValue; + var size = ele.pstyle('font-size').pfValue; + var family = ele.pstyle('font-family').strValue; + var weight = ele.pstyle('font-weight').strValue; + var canvas = this.labelCalcCanvas; + var c2d = this.labelCalcCanvasContext; + + if (!canvas) { + canvas = this.labelCalcCanvas = document.createElement('canvas'); + c2d = this.labelCalcCanvasContext = canvas.getContext('2d'); + var ds = canvas.style; + ds.position = 'absolute'; + ds.left = '-9999px'; + ds.top = '-9999px'; + ds.zIndex = '-1'; + ds.visibility = 'hidden'; + ds.pointerEvents = 'none'; + } + + c2d.font = "".concat(fStyle, " ").concat(weight, " ").concat(size, "px ").concat(family); + var width = 0; + var height = 0; + var lines = text.split('\n'); + + for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) { + var line = lines[i]; + var metrics = c2d.measureText(line); + var w = Math.ceil(metrics.width); + var h = size; + width = Math.max(w, width); + height += h; + } + + width += padding; + height += padding; + return cache[cacheKey] = { + width: width, + height: height + }; +}; + +BRp$9.calculateLabelAngle = function (ele, prefix) { + var _p = ele._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + var prefixDash = prefix ? prefix + '-' : ''; + var rot = ele.pstyle(prefixDash + 'text-rotation'); + var rotStr = rot.strValue; + + if (rotStr === 'none') { + return 0; + } else if (isEdge && rotStr === 'autorotate') { + return rs.labelAutoAngle; + } else if (rotStr === 'autorotate') { + return 0; + } else { + return rot.pfValue; + } +}; + +BRp$9.calculateLabelAngles = function (ele) { + var r = this; + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + var _p = ele._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + rs.labelAngle = r.calculateLabelAngle(ele); + + if (isEdge) { + rs.sourceLabelAngle = r.calculateLabelAngle(ele, 'source'); + rs.targetLabelAngle = r.calculateLabelAngle(ele, 'target'); + } +}; + +var BRp$8 = {}; +var TOO_SMALL_CUT_RECT = 28; +var warnedCutRect = false; + +BRp$8.getNodeShape = function (node) { + var r = this; + var shape = node.pstyle('shape').value; + + if (shape === 'cutrectangle' && (node.width() < TOO_SMALL_CUT_RECT || node.height() < TOO_SMALL_CUT_RECT)) { + if (!warnedCutRect) { + warn('The `cutrectangle` node shape can not be used at small sizes so `rectangle` is used instead'); + warnedCutRect = true; + } + + return 'rectangle'; + } + + if (node.isParent()) { + if (shape === 'rectangle' || shape === 'roundrectangle' || shape === 'round-rectangle' || shape === 'cutrectangle' || shape === 'cut-rectangle' || shape === 'barrel') { + return shape; + } else { + return 'rectangle'; + } + } + + if (shape === 'polygon') { + var points = node.pstyle('shape-polygon-points').value; + return r.nodeShapes.makePolygon(points).name; + } + + return shape; +}; + +var BRp$7 = {}; + +BRp$7.registerCalculationListeners = function () { + var cy = this.cy; + var elesToUpdate = cy.collection(); + var r = this; + + var enqueue = function enqueue(eles) { + var dirtyStyleCaches = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + elesToUpdate.merge(eles); + + if (dirtyStyleCaches) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var _p = ele._private; + var rstyle = _p.rstyle; + rstyle.clean = false; + rstyle.cleanConnected = false; + } + } + }; + + r.binder(cy).on('bounds.* dirty.*', function onDirtyBounds(e) { + var ele = e.target; + enqueue(ele); + }).on('style.* background.*', function onDirtyStyle(e) { + var ele = e.target; + enqueue(ele, false); + }); + + var updateEleCalcs = function updateEleCalcs(willDraw) { + if (willDraw) { + var fns = r.onUpdateEleCalcsFns; // because we need to have up-to-date style (e.g. stylesheet mappers) + // before calculating rendered style (and pstyle might not be called yet) + + elesToUpdate.cleanStyle(); + + for (var i = 0; i < elesToUpdate.length; i++) { + var ele = elesToUpdate[i]; + var rstyle = ele._private.rstyle; + + if (ele.isNode() && !rstyle.cleanConnected) { + enqueue(ele.connectedEdges()); + rstyle.cleanConnected = true; + } + } + + if (fns) { + for (var _i = 0; _i < fns.length; _i++) { + var fn = fns[_i]; + fn(willDraw, elesToUpdate); + } + } + + r.recalculateRenderedStyle(elesToUpdate); + elesToUpdate = cy.collection(); + } + }; + + r.flushRenderedStyleQueue = function () { + updateEleCalcs(true); + }; + + r.beforeRender(updateEleCalcs, r.beforeRenderPriorities.eleCalcs); +}; + +BRp$7.onUpdateEleCalcs = function (fn) { + var fns = this.onUpdateEleCalcsFns = this.onUpdateEleCalcsFns || []; + fns.push(fn); +}; + +BRp$7.recalculateRenderedStyle = function (eles, useCache) { + var isCleanConnected = function isCleanConnected(ele) { + return ele._private.rstyle.cleanConnected; + }; + + var edges = []; + var nodes = []; // the renderer can't be used for calcs when destroyed, e.g. ele.boundingBox() + + if (this.destroyed) { + return; + } // use cache by default for perf + + + if (useCache === undefined) { + useCache = true; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var _p = ele._private; + var rstyle = _p.rstyle; // an edge may be implicitly dirty b/c of one of its connected nodes + // (and a request for recalc may come in between frames) + + if (ele.isEdge() && (!isCleanConnected(ele.source()) || !isCleanConnected(ele.target()))) { + rstyle.clean = false; + } // only update if dirty and in graph + + + if (useCache && rstyle.clean || ele.removed()) { + continue; + } // only update if not display: none + + + if (ele.pstyle('display').value === 'none') { + continue; + } + + if (_p.group === 'nodes') { + nodes.push(ele); + } else { + // edges + edges.push(ele); + } + + rstyle.clean = true; + } // update node data from projections + + + for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < nodes.length; _i2++) { + var _ele = nodes[_i2]; + var _p2 = _ele._private; + var _rstyle = _p2.rstyle; + + var pos = _ele.position(); + + this.recalculateNodeLabelProjection(_ele); + _rstyle.nodeX = pos.x; + _rstyle.nodeY = pos.y; + _rstyle.nodeW = _ele.pstyle('width').pfValue; + _rstyle.nodeH = _ele.pstyle('height').pfValue; + } + + this.recalculateEdgeProjections(edges); // update edge data from projections + + for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < edges.length; _i3++) { + var _ele2 = edges[_i3]; + var _p3 = _ele2._private; + var _rstyle2 = _p3.rstyle; + var rs = _p3.rscratch; // update rstyle positions + + _rstyle2.srcX = rs.arrowStartX; + _rstyle2.srcY = rs.arrowStartY; + _rstyle2.tgtX = rs.arrowEndX; + _rstyle2.tgtY = rs.arrowEndY; + _rstyle2.midX = rs.midX; + _rstyle2.midY = rs.midY; + _rstyle2.labelAngle = rs.labelAngle; + _rstyle2.sourceLabelAngle = rs.sourceLabelAngle; + _rstyle2.targetLabelAngle = rs.targetLabelAngle; + } +}; + +var BRp$6 = {}; + +BRp$6.updateCachedGrabbedEles = function () { + var eles = this.cachedZSortedEles; + + if (!eles) { + // just let this be recalculated on the next z sort tick + return; + } + + eles.drag = []; + eles.nondrag = []; + var grabTargets = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var rs = ele._private.rscratch; + + if (ele.grabbed() && !ele.isParent()) { + grabTargets.push(ele); + } else if (rs.inDragLayer) { + eles.drag.push(ele); + } else { + eles.nondrag.push(ele); + } + } // put the grab target nodes last so it's on top of its neighbourhood + + + for (var i = 0; i < grabTargets.length; i++) { + var ele = grabTargets[i]; + eles.drag.push(ele); + } +}; + +BRp$6.invalidateCachedZSortedEles = function () { + this.cachedZSortedEles = null; +}; + +BRp$6.getCachedZSortedEles = function (forceRecalc) { + if (forceRecalc || !this.cachedZSortedEles) { + var eles = this.cy.mutableElements().toArray(); + eles.sort(zIndexSort); + eles.interactive = eles.filter(function (ele) { + return ele.interactive(); + }); + this.cachedZSortedEles = eles; + this.updateCachedGrabbedEles(); + } else { + eles = this.cachedZSortedEles; + } + + return eles; +}; + +var BRp$5 = {}; +[BRp$e, BRp$d, BRp$c, BRp$b, BRp$a, BRp$9, BRp$8, BRp$7, BRp$6].forEach(function (props) { + extend(BRp$5, props); +}); + +var BRp$4 = {}; + +BRp$4.getCachedImage = function (url, crossOrigin, onLoad) { + var r = this; + var imageCache = r.imageCache = r.imageCache || {}; + var cache = imageCache[url]; + + if (cache) { + if (!cache.image.complete) { + cache.image.addEventListener('load', onLoad); + } + + return cache.image; + } else { + cache = imageCache[url] = imageCache[url] || {}; + var image = cache.image = new Image(); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + image.addEventListener('load', onLoad); + image.addEventListener('error', function () { + image.error = true; + }); // #1582 safari doesn't load data uris with crossOrigin properly + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=123978 + + var dataUriPrefix = 'data:'; + var isDataUri = url.substring(0, dataUriPrefix.length).toLowerCase() === dataUriPrefix; + + if (!isDataUri) { + image.crossOrigin = crossOrigin; // prevent tainted canvas + } + + image.src = url; + return image; + } +}; + +var BRp$3 = {}; +/* global document, window, ResizeObserver, MutationObserver */ + +BRp$3.registerBinding = function (target, event, handler, useCapture) { + // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars + var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments, [1]); // copy + + var b = this.binder(target); + return b.on.apply(b, args); +}; + +BRp$3.binder = function (tgt) { + var r = this; + var tgtIsDom = tgt === window || tgt === document || tgt === document.body || domElement(tgt); + + if (r.supportsPassiveEvents == null) { + // from https://github.com/WICG/EventListenerOptions/blob/gh-pages/explainer.md#feature-detection + var supportsPassive = false; + + try { + var opts = Object.defineProperty({}, 'passive', { + get: function get() { + supportsPassive = true; + return true; + } + }); + window.addEventListener('test', null, opts); + } catch (err) {// not supported + } + + r.supportsPassiveEvents = supportsPassive; + } + + var on = function on(event, handler, useCapture) { + var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); + + if (tgtIsDom && r.supportsPassiveEvents) { + // replace useCapture w/ opts obj + args[2] = { + capture: useCapture != null ? useCapture : false, + passive: false, + once: false + }; + } + + r.bindings.push({ + target: tgt, + args: args + }); + (tgt.addEventListener || tgt.on).apply(tgt, args); + return this; + }; + + return { + on: on, + addEventListener: on, + addListener: on, + bind: on + }; +}; + +BRp$3.nodeIsDraggable = function (node) { + return node && node.isNode() && !node.locked() && node.grabbable(); +}; + +BRp$3.nodeIsGrabbable = function (node) { + return this.nodeIsDraggable(node) && node.interactive(); +}; + +BRp$3.load = function () { + var r = this; + + var isSelected = function isSelected(ele) { + return ele.selected(); + }; + + var triggerEvents = function triggerEvents(target, names, e, position) { + if (target == null) { + target = r.cy; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) { + var name = names[i]; + target.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: name, + position: position + }); + } + }; + + var isMultSelKeyDown = function isMultSelKeyDown(e) { + return e.shiftKey || e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey; // maybe e.altKey + }; + + var allowPanningPassthrough = function allowPanningPassthrough(down, downs) { + var allowPassthrough = true; + + if (r.cy.hasCompoundNodes() && down && down.pannable()) { + // a grabbable compound node below the ele => no passthrough panning + for (var i = 0; downs && i < downs.length; i++) { + var down = downs[i]; //if any parent node in event hierarchy isn't pannable, reject passthrough + + if (down.isNode() && down.isParent() && !down.pannable()) { + allowPassthrough = false; + break; + } + } + } else { + allowPassthrough = true; + } + + return allowPassthrough; + }; + + var setGrabbed = function setGrabbed(ele) { + ele[0]._private.grabbed = true; + }; + + var setFreed = function setFreed(ele) { + ele[0]._private.grabbed = false; + }; + + var setInDragLayer = function setInDragLayer(ele) { + ele[0]._private.rscratch.inDragLayer = true; + }; + + var setOutDragLayer = function setOutDragLayer(ele) { + ele[0]._private.rscratch.inDragLayer = false; + }; + + var setGrabTarget = function setGrabTarget(ele) { + ele[0]._private.rscratch.isGrabTarget = true; + }; + + var removeGrabTarget = function removeGrabTarget(ele) { + ele[0]._private.rscratch.isGrabTarget = false; + }; + + var addToDragList = function addToDragList(ele, opts) { + var list = opts.addToList; + var listHasEle = list.has(ele); + + if (!listHasEle && ele.grabbable() && !ele.locked()) { + list.merge(ele); + setGrabbed(ele); + } + }; // helper function to determine which child nodes and inner edges + // of a compound node to be dragged as well as the grabbed and selected nodes + + + var addDescendantsToDrag = function addDescendantsToDrag(node, opts) { + if (!node.cy().hasCompoundNodes()) { + return; + } + + if (opts.inDragLayer == null && opts.addToList == null) { + return; + } // nothing to do + + + var innerNodes = node.descendants(); + + if (opts.inDragLayer) { + innerNodes.forEach(setInDragLayer); + innerNodes.connectedEdges().forEach(setInDragLayer); + } + + if (opts.addToList) { + addToDragList(innerNodes, opts); + } + }; // adds the given nodes and its neighbourhood to the drag layer + + + var addNodesToDrag = function addNodesToDrag(nodes, opts) { + opts = opts || {}; + var hasCompoundNodes = nodes.cy().hasCompoundNodes(); + + if (opts.inDragLayer) { + nodes.forEach(setInDragLayer); + nodes.neighborhood().stdFilter(function (ele) { + return !hasCompoundNodes || ele.isEdge(); + }).forEach(setInDragLayer); + } + + if (opts.addToList) { + nodes.forEach(function (ele) { + addToDragList(ele, opts); + }); + } + + addDescendantsToDrag(nodes, opts); // always add to drag + // also add nodes and edges related to the topmost ancestor + + updateAncestorsInDragLayer(nodes, { + inDragLayer: opts.inDragLayer + }); + r.updateCachedGrabbedEles(); + }; + + var addNodeToDrag = addNodesToDrag; + + var freeDraggedElements = function freeDraggedElements(grabbedEles) { + if (!grabbedEles) { + return; + } // just go over all elements rather than doing a bunch of (possibly expensive) traversals + + + r.getCachedZSortedEles().forEach(function (ele) { + setFreed(ele); + setOutDragLayer(ele); + removeGrabTarget(ele); + }); + r.updateCachedGrabbedEles(); + }; // helper function to determine which ancestor nodes and edges should go + // to the drag layer (or should be removed from drag layer). + + + var updateAncestorsInDragLayer = function updateAncestorsInDragLayer(node, opts) { + if (opts.inDragLayer == null && opts.addToList == null) { + return; + } // nothing to do + + + if (!node.cy().hasCompoundNodes()) { + return; + } // find top-level parent + + + var parent = node.ancestors().orphans(); // no parent node: no nodes to add to the drag layer + + if (parent.same(node)) { + return; + } + + var nodes = parent.descendants().spawnSelf().merge(parent).unmerge(node).unmerge(node.descendants()); + var edges = nodes.connectedEdges(); + + if (opts.inDragLayer) { + edges.forEach(setInDragLayer); + nodes.forEach(setInDragLayer); + } + + if (opts.addToList) { + nodes.forEach(function (ele) { + addToDragList(ele, opts); + }); + } + }; + + var blurActiveDomElement = function blurActiveDomElement() { + if (document.activeElement != null && document.activeElement.blur != null) { + document.activeElement.blur(); + } + }; + + var haveMutationsApi = typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined'; + var haveResizeObserverApi = typeof ResizeObserver !== 'undefined'; // watch for when the cy container is removed from the dom + + if (haveMutationsApi) { + r.removeObserver = new MutationObserver(function (mutns) { + // eslint-disable-line no-undef + for (var i = 0; i < mutns.length; i++) { + var mutn = mutns[i]; + var rNodes = mutn.removedNodes; + + if (rNodes) { + for (var j = 0; j < rNodes.length; j++) { + var rNode = rNodes[j]; + + if (rNode === r.container) { + r.destroy(); + break; + } + } + } + } + }); + + if (r.container.parentNode) { + r.removeObserver.observe(r.container.parentNode, { + childList: true + }); + } + } else { + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'DOMNodeRemoved', function (e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars + r.destroy(); + }); + } + + var onResize = debounce__default["default"](function () { + r.cy.resize(); + }, 100); + + if (haveMutationsApi) { + r.styleObserver = new MutationObserver(onResize); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + r.styleObserver.observe(r.container, { + attributes: true + }); + } // auto resize + + + r.registerBinding(window, 'resize', onResize); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + if (haveResizeObserverApi) { + r.resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(onResize); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + r.resizeObserver.observe(r.container); + } + + var forEachUp = function forEachUp(domEle, fn) { + while (domEle != null) { + fn(domEle); + domEle = domEle.parentNode; + } + }; + + var invalidateCoords = function invalidateCoords() { + r.invalidateContainerClientCoordsCache(); + }; + + forEachUp(r.container, function (domEle) { + r.registerBinding(domEle, 'transitionend', invalidateCoords); + r.registerBinding(domEle, 'animationend', invalidateCoords); + r.registerBinding(domEle, 'scroll', invalidateCoords); + }); // stop right click menu from appearing on cy + + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'contextmenu', function (e) { + e.preventDefault(); + }); + + var inBoxSelection = function inBoxSelection() { + return r.selection[4] !== 0; + }; + + var eventInContainer = function eventInContainer(e) { + // save cycles if mouse events aren't to be captured + var containerPageCoords = r.findContainerClientCoords(); + var x = containerPageCoords[0]; + var y = containerPageCoords[1]; + var width = containerPageCoords[2]; + var height = containerPageCoords[3]; + var positions = e.touches ? e.touches : [e]; + var atLeastOnePosInside = false; + + for (var i = 0; i < positions.length; i++) { + var p = positions[i]; + + if (x <= p.clientX && p.clientX <= x + width && y <= p.clientY && p.clientY <= y + height) { + atLeastOnePosInside = true; + break; + } + } + + if (!atLeastOnePosInside) { + return false; + } + + var container = r.container; + var target = e.target; + var tParent = target.parentNode; + var containerIsTarget = false; + + while (tParent) { + if (tParent === container) { + containerIsTarget = true; + break; + } + + tParent = tParent.parentNode; + } + + if (!containerIsTarget) { + return false; + } // if target is outisde cy container, then this event is not for us + + + return true; + }; // Primary key + + + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'mousedown', function mousedownHandler(e) { + if (!eventInContainer(e)) { + return; + } + + e.preventDefault(); + blurActiveDomElement(); + r.hoverData.capture = true; + r.hoverData.which = e.which; + var cy = r.cy; + var gpos = [e.clientX, e.clientY]; + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(gpos[0], gpos[1]); + var select = r.selection; + var nears = r.findNearestElements(pos[0], pos[1], true, false); + var near = nears[0]; + var draggedElements = r.dragData.possibleDragElements; + r.hoverData.mdownPos = pos; + r.hoverData.mdownGPos = gpos; + + var checkForTaphold = function checkForTaphold() { + r.hoverData.tapholdCancelled = false; + clearTimeout(r.hoverData.tapholdTimeout); + r.hoverData.tapholdTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + if (r.hoverData.tapholdCancelled) { + return; + } else { + var ele = r.hoverData.down; + + if (ele) { + ele.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'taphold', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + } else { + cy.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'taphold', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + } + } + }, r.tapholdDuration); + }; // Right click button + + + if (e.which == 3) { + r.hoverData.cxtStarted = true; + var cxtEvt = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapstart', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }; + + if (near) { + near.activate(); + near.emit(cxtEvt); + r.hoverData.down = near; + } else { + cy.emit(cxtEvt); + } + + r.hoverData.downTime = new Date().getTime(); + r.hoverData.cxtDragged = false; // Primary button + } else if (e.which == 1) { + if (near) { + near.activate(); + } // Element dragging + + + { + // If something is under the cursor and it is draggable, prepare to grab it + if (near != null) { + if (r.nodeIsGrabbable(near)) { + var makeEvent = function makeEvent(type) { + return { + originalEvent: e, + type: type, + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }; + }; + + var triggerGrab = function triggerGrab(ele) { + ele.emit(makeEvent('grab')); + }; + + setGrabTarget(near); + + if (!near.selected()) { + draggedElements = r.dragData.possibleDragElements = cy.collection(); + addNodeToDrag(near, { + addToList: draggedElements + }); + near.emit(makeEvent('grabon')).emit(makeEvent('grab')); + } else { + draggedElements = r.dragData.possibleDragElements = cy.collection(); + var selectedNodes = cy.$(function (ele) { + return ele.isNode() && ele.selected() && r.nodeIsGrabbable(ele); + }); + addNodesToDrag(selectedNodes, { + addToList: draggedElements + }); + near.emit(makeEvent('grabon')); + selectedNodes.forEach(triggerGrab); + } + + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + } + } + + r.hoverData.down = near; + r.hoverData.downs = nears; + r.hoverData.downTime = new Date().getTime(); + } + triggerEvents(near, ['mousedown', 'tapstart', 'vmousedown'], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + + if (near == null) { + select[4] = 1; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); + } else if (near.pannable()) { + select[4] = 1; // for future pan + } + + checkForTaphold(); + } // Initialize selection box coordinates + + + select[0] = select[2] = pos[0]; + select[1] = select[3] = pos[1]; + }, false); + r.registerBinding(window, 'mousemove', function mousemoveHandler(e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-undef + var capture = r.hoverData.capture; + + if (!capture && !eventInContainer(e)) { + return; + } + + var preventDefault = false; + var cy = r.cy; + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var gpos = [e.clientX, e.clientY]; + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(gpos[0], gpos[1]); + var mdownPos = r.hoverData.mdownPos; + var mdownGPos = r.hoverData.mdownGPos; + var select = r.selection; + var near = null; + + if (!r.hoverData.draggingEles && !r.hoverData.dragging && !r.hoverData.selecting) { + near = r.findNearestElement(pos[0], pos[1], true, false); + } + + var last = r.hoverData.last; + var down = r.hoverData.down; + var disp = [pos[0] - select[2], pos[1] - select[3]]; + var draggedElements = r.dragData.possibleDragElements; + var isOverThresholdDrag; + + if (mdownGPos) { + var dx = gpos[0] - mdownGPos[0]; + var dx2 = dx * dx; + var dy = gpos[1] - mdownGPos[1]; + var dy2 = dy * dy; + var dist2 = dx2 + dy2; + r.hoverData.isOverThresholdDrag = isOverThresholdDrag = dist2 >= r.desktopTapThreshold2; + } + + var multSelKeyDown = isMultSelKeyDown(e); + + if (isOverThresholdDrag) { + r.hoverData.tapholdCancelled = true; + } + + var updateDragDelta = function updateDragDelta() { + var dragDelta = r.hoverData.dragDelta = r.hoverData.dragDelta || []; + + if (dragDelta.length === 0) { + dragDelta.push(disp[0]); + dragDelta.push(disp[1]); + } else { + dragDelta[0] += disp[0]; + dragDelta[1] += disp[1]; + } + }; + + preventDefault = true; + triggerEvents(near, ['mousemove', 'vmousemove', 'tapdrag'], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + + var goIntoBoxMode = function goIntoBoxMode() { + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + + if (!r.hoverData.selecting) { + cy.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'boxstart', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + } + + select[4] = 1; + r.hoverData.selecting = true; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); + }; // trigger context drag if rmouse down + + + if (r.hoverData.which === 3) { + // but only if over threshold + if (isOverThresholdDrag) { + var cxtEvt = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxtdrag', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }; + + if (down) { + down.emit(cxtEvt); + } else { + cy.emit(cxtEvt); + } + + r.hoverData.cxtDragged = true; + + if (!r.hoverData.cxtOver || near !== r.hoverData.cxtOver) { + if (r.hoverData.cxtOver) { + r.hoverData.cxtOver.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxtdragout', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + } + + r.hoverData.cxtOver = near; + + if (near) { + near.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxtdragover', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + } + } + } // Check if we are drag panning the entire graph + + } else if (r.hoverData.dragging) { + preventDefault = true; + + if (cy.panningEnabled() && cy.userPanningEnabled()) { + var deltaP; + + if (r.hoverData.justStartedPan) { + var mdPos = r.hoverData.mdownPos; + deltaP = { + x: (pos[0] - mdPos[0]) * zoom, + y: (pos[1] - mdPos[1]) * zoom + }; + r.hoverData.justStartedPan = false; + } else { + deltaP = { + x: disp[0] * zoom, + y: disp[1] * zoom + }; + } + + cy.panBy(deltaP); + cy.emit('dragpan'); + r.hoverData.dragged = true; + } // Needs reproject due to pan changing viewport + + + pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.clientX, e.clientY); // Checks primary button down & out of time & mouse not moved much + } else if (select[4] == 1 && (down == null || down.pannable())) { + if (isOverThresholdDrag) { + if (!r.hoverData.dragging && cy.boxSelectionEnabled() && (multSelKeyDown || !cy.panningEnabled() || !cy.userPanningEnabled())) { + goIntoBoxMode(); + } else if (!r.hoverData.selecting && cy.panningEnabled() && cy.userPanningEnabled()) { + var allowPassthrough = allowPanningPassthrough(down, r.hoverData.downs); + + if (allowPassthrough) { + r.hoverData.dragging = true; + r.hoverData.justStartedPan = true; + select[4] = 0; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = array2point(mdownPos); + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); + } + } + + if (down && down.pannable() && down.active()) { + down.unactivate(); + } + } + } else { + if (down && down.pannable() && down.active()) { + down.unactivate(); + } + + if ((!down || !down.grabbed()) && near != last) { + if (last) { + triggerEvents(last, ['mouseout', 'tapdragout'], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + } + + if (near) { + triggerEvents(near, ['mouseover', 'tapdragover'], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + } + + r.hoverData.last = near; + } + + if (down) { + if (isOverThresholdDrag) { + // then we can take action + if (cy.boxSelectionEnabled() && multSelKeyDown) { + // then selection overrides + if (down && down.grabbed()) { + freeDraggedElements(draggedElements); + down.emit('freeon'); + draggedElements.emit('free'); + + if (r.dragData.didDrag) { + down.emit('dragfreeon'); + draggedElements.emit('dragfree'); + } + } + + goIntoBoxMode(); + } else if (down && down.grabbed() && r.nodeIsDraggable(down)) { + // drag node + var justStartedDrag = !r.dragData.didDrag; + + if (justStartedDrag) { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + + r.dragData.didDrag = true; // indicate that we actually did drag the node + // now, add the elements to the drag layer if not done already + + if (!r.hoverData.draggingEles) { + addNodesToDrag(draggedElements, { + inDragLayer: true + }); + } + + var totalShift = { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + + if (number$1(disp[0]) && number$1(disp[1])) { + totalShift.x += disp[0]; + totalShift.y += disp[1]; + + if (justStartedDrag) { + var dragDelta = r.hoverData.dragDelta; + + if (dragDelta && number$1(dragDelta[0]) && number$1(dragDelta[1])) { + totalShift.x += dragDelta[0]; + totalShift.y += dragDelta[1]; + } + } + } + + r.hoverData.draggingEles = true; + draggedElements.silentShift(totalShift).emit('position drag'); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + r.redraw(); + } + } else { + // otherwise save drag delta for when we actually start dragging so the relative grab pos is constant + updateDragDelta(); + } + } // prevent the dragging from triggering text selection on the page + + + preventDefault = true; + } + + select[2] = pos[0]; + select[3] = pos[1]; + + if (preventDefault) { + if (e.stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation(); + if (e.preventDefault) e.preventDefault(); + return false; + } + }, false); + var clickTimeout, didDoubleClick, prevClickTimeStamp; + r.registerBinding(window, 'mouseup', function mouseupHandler(e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-undef + var capture = r.hoverData.capture; + + if (!capture) { + return; + } + + r.hoverData.capture = false; + var cy = r.cy; + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.clientX, e.clientY); + var select = r.selection; + var near = r.findNearestElement(pos[0], pos[1], true, false); + var draggedElements = r.dragData.possibleDragElements; + var down = r.hoverData.down; + var multSelKeyDown = isMultSelKeyDown(e); + + if (r.data.bgActivePosistion) { + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); + } + + r.hoverData.tapholdCancelled = true; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; // not active bg now + + if (down) { + down.unactivate(); + } + + if (r.hoverData.which === 3) { + var cxtEvt = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapend', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }; + + if (down) { + down.emit(cxtEvt); + } else { + cy.emit(cxtEvt); + } + + if (!r.hoverData.cxtDragged) { + var cxtTap = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttap', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }; + + if (down) { + down.emit(cxtTap); + } else { + cy.emit(cxtTap); + } + } + + r.hoverData.cxtDragged = false; + r.hoverData.which = null; + } else if (r.hoverData.which === 1) { + triggerEvents(near, ['mouseup', 'tapend', 'vmouseup'], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + + if (!r.dragData.didDrag && // didn't move a node around + !r.hoverData.dragged && // didn't pan + !r.hoverData.selecting && // not box selection + !r.hoverData.isOverThresholdDrag // didn't move too much + ) { + triggerEvents(down, ["click", "tap", "vclick"], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + didDoubleClick = false; + + if (e.timeStamp - prevClickTimeStamp <= cy.multiClickDebounceTime()) { + clickTimeout && clearTimeout(clickTimeout); + didDoubleClick = true; + prevClickTimeStamp = null; + triggerEvents(down, ["dblclick", "dbltap", "vdblclick"], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + } else { + clickTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + if (didDoubleClick) return; + triggerEvents(down, ["oneclick", "onetap", "voneclick"], e, { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }); + }, cy.multiClickDebounceTime()); + prevClickTimeStamp = e.timeStamp; + } + } // Deselect all elements if nothing is currently under the mouse cursor and we aren't dragging something + + + if (down == null // not mousedown on node + && !r.dragData.didDrag // didn't move the node around + && !r.hoverData.selecting // not box selection + && !r.hoverData.dragged // didn't pan + && !isMultSelKeyDown(e)) { + cy.$(isSelected).unselect(['tapunselect']); + + if (draggedElements.length > 0) { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + + r.dragData.possibleDragElements = draggedElements = cy.collection(); + } // Single selection + + + if (near == down && !r.dragData.didDrag && !r.hoverData.selecting) { + if (near != null && near._private.selectable) { + if (r.hoverData.dragging) ; else if (cy.selectionType() === 'additive' || multSelKeyDown) { + if (near.selected()) { + near.unselect(['tapunselect']); + } else { + near.select(['tapselect']); + } + } else { + if (!multSelKeyDown) { + cy.$(isSelected).unmerge(near).unselect(['tapunselect']); + near.select(['tapselect']); + } + } + + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + } + + if (r.hoverData.selecting) { + var box = cy.collection(r.getAllInBox(select[0], select[1], select[2], select[3])); + r.redrawHint('select', true); + + if (box.length > 0) { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + + cy.emit({ + type: 'boxend', + originalEvent: e, + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + + var eleWouldBeSelected = function eleWouldBeSelected(ele) { + return ele.selectable() && !ele.selected(); + }; + + if (cy.selectionType() === 'additive') { + box.emit('box').stdFilter(eleWouldBeSelected).select().emit('boxselect'); + } else { + if (!multSelKeyDown) { + cy.$(isSelected).unmerge(box).unselect(); + } + + box.emit('box').stdFilter(eleWouldBeSelected).select().emit('boxselect'); + } // always need redraw in case eles unselectable + + + r.redraw(); + } // Cancel drag pan + + + if (r.hoverData.dragging) { + r.hoverData.dragging = false; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redraw(); + } + + if (!select[4]) { + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + var downWasGrabbed = down && down.grabbed(); + freeDraggedElements(draggedElements); + + if (downWasGrabbed) { + down.emit('freeon'); + draggedElements.emit('free'); + + if (r.dragData.didDrag) { + down.emit('dragfreeon'); + draggedElements.emit('dragfree'); + } + } + } + } // else not right mouse + + + select[4] = 0; + r.hoverData.down = null; + r.hoverData.cxtStarted = false; + r.hoverData.draggingEles = false; + r.hoverData.selecting = false; + r.hoverData.isOverThresholdDrag = false; + r.dragData.didDrag = false; + r.hoverData.dragged = false; + r.hoverData.dragDelta = []; + r.hoverData.mdownPos = null; + r.hoverData.mdownGPos = null; + }, false); + + var wheelHandler = function wheelHandler(e) { + if (r.scrollingPage) { + return; + } // while scrolling, ignore wheel-to-zoom + + + var cy = r.cy; + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var pan = cy.pan(); + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.clientX, e.clientY); + var rpos = [pos[0] * zoom + pan.x, pos[1] * zoom + pan.y]; + + if (r.hoverData.draggingEles || r.hoverData.dragging || r.hoverData.cxtStarted || inBoxSelection()) { + // if pan dragging or cxt dragging, wheel movements make no zoom + e.preventDefault(); + return; + } + + if (cy.panningEnabled() && cy.userPanningEnabled() && cy.zoomingEnabled() && cy.userZoomingEnabled()) { + e.preventDefault(); + r.data.wheelZooming = true; + clearTimeout(r.data.wheelTimeout); + r.data.wheelTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + r.data.wheelZooming = false; + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redraw(); + }, 150); + var diff; + + if (e.deltaY != null) { + diff = e.deltaY / -250; + } else if (e.wheelDeltaY != null) { + diff = e.wheelDeltaY / 1000; + } else { + diff = e.wheelDelta / 1000; + } + + diff = diff * r.wheelSensitivity; + var needsWheelFix = e.deltaMode === 1; + + if (needsWheelFix) { + // fixes slow wheel events on ff/linux and ff/windows + diff *= 33; + } + + var newZoom = cy.zoom() * Math.pow(10, diff); + + if (e.type === 'gesturechange') { + newZoom = r.gestureStartZoom * e.scale; + } + + cy.zoom({ + level: newZoom, + renderedPosition: { + x: rpos[0], + y: rpos[1] + } + }); + cy.emit(e.type === 'gesturechange' ? 'pinchzoom' : 'scrollzoom'); + } + }; // Functions to help with whether mouse wheel should trigger zooming + // -- + + + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'wheel', wheelHandler, true); // disable nonstandard wheel events + // r.registerBinding(r.container, 'mousewheel', wheelHandler, true); + // r.registerBinding(r.container, 'DOMMouseScroll', wheelHandler, true); + // r.registerBinding(r.container, 'MozMousePixelScroll', wheelHandler, true); // older firefox + + r.registerBinding(window, 'scroll', function scrollHandler(e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars + r.scrollingPage = true; + clearTimeout(r.scrollingPageTimeout); + r.scrollingPageTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + r.scrollingPage = false; + }, 250); + }, true); // desktop safari pinch to zoom start + + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'gesturestart', function gestureStartHandler(e) { + r.gestureStartZoom = r.cy.zoom(); + + if (!r.hasTouchStarted) { + // don't affect touch devices like iphone + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, true); + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'gesturechange', function (e) { + if (!r.hasTouchStarted) { + // don't affect touch devices like iphone + wheelHandler(e); + } + }, true); // Functions to help with handling mouseout/mouseover on the Cytoscape container + // Handle mouseout on Cytoscape container + + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'mouseout', function mouseOutHandler(e) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.clientX, e.clientY); + r.cy.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'mouseout', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + }, false); + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'mouseover', function mouseOverHandler(e) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.clientX, e.clientY); + r.cy.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'mouseover', + position: { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + } + }); + }, false); + var f1x1, f1y1, f2x1, f2y1; // starting points for pinch-to-zoom + + var distance1, distance1Sq; // initial distance between finger 1 and finger 2 for pinch-to-zoom + + var center1, modelCenter1; // center point on start pinch to zoom + + var offsetLeft, offsetTop; + var containerWidth, containerHeight; + var twoFingersStartInside; + + var distance = function distance(x1, y1, x2, y2) { + return Math.sqrt((x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1)); + }; + + var distanceSq = function distanceSq(x1, y1, x2, y2) { + return (x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1); + }; + + var touchstartHandler; + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'touchstart', touchstartHandler = function touchstartHandler(e) { + r.hasTouchStarted = true; + + if (!eventInContainer(e)) { + return; + } + + blurActiveDomElement(); + r.touchData.capture = true; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + var cy = r.cy; + var now = r.touchData.now; + var earlier = r.touchData.earlier; + + if (e.touches[0]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[0].clientX, e.touches[0].clientY); + now[0] = pos[0]; + now[1] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[1]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[1].clientX, e.touches[1].clientY); + now[2] = pos[0]; + now[3] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[2]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[2].clientX, e.touches[2].clientY); + now[4] = pos[0]; + now[5] = pos[1]; + } // record starting points for pinch-to-zoom + + + if (e.touches[1]) { + r.touchData.singleTouchMoved = true; + freeDraggedElements(r.dragData.touchDragEles); + var offsets = r.findContainerClientCoords(); + offsetLeft = offsets[0]; + offsetTop = offsets[1]; + containerWidth = offsets[2]; + containerHeight = offsets[3]; + f1x1 = e.touches[0].clientX - offsetLeft; + f1y1 = e.touches[0].clientY - offsetTop; + f2x1 = e.touches[1].clientX - offsetLeft; + f2y1 = e.touches[1].clientY - offsetTop; + twoFingersStartInside = 0 <= f1x1 && f1x1 <= containerWidth && 0 <= f2x1 && f2x1 <= containerWidth && 0 <= f1y1 && f1y1 <= containerHeight && 0 <= f2y1 && f2y1 <= containerHeight; + var pan = cy.pan(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + distance1 = distance(f1x1, f1y1, f2x1, f2y1); + distance1Sq = distanceSq(f1x1, f1y1, f2x1, f2y1); + center1 = [(f1x1 + f2x1) / 2, (f1y1 + f2y1) / 2]; + modelCenter1 = [(center1[0] - pan.x) / zoom, (center1[1] - pan.y) / zoom]; // consider context tap + + var cxtDistThreshold = 200; + var cxtDistThresholdSq = cxtDistThreshold * cxtDistThreshold; + + if (distance1Sq < cxtDistThresholdSq && !e.touches[2]) { + var near1 = r.findNearestElement(now[0], now[1], true, true); + var near2 = r.findNearestElement(now[2], now[3], true, true); + + if (near1 && near1.isNode()) { + near1.activate().emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapstart', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + r.touchData.start = near1; + } else if (near2 && near2.isNode()) { + near2.activate().emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapstart', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + r.touchData.start = near2; + } else { + cy.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapstart', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + } + + if (r.touchData.start) { + r.touchData.start._private.grabbed = false; + } + + r.touchData.cxt = true; + r.touchData.cxtDragged = false; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redraw(); + return; + } + } + + if (e.touches[2]) { + // ignore + // safari on ios pans the page otherwise (normally you should be able to preventdefault on touchmove...) + if (cy.boxSelectionEnabled()) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + } else if (e.touches[1]) ; else if (e.touches[0]) { + var nears = r.findNearestElements(now[0], now[1], true, true); + var near = nears[0]; + + if (near != null) { + near.activate(); + r.touchData.start = near; + r.touchData.starts = nears; + + if (r.nodeIsGrabbable(near)) { + var draggedEles = r.dragData.touchDragEles = cy.collection(); + var selectedNodes = null; + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + + if (near.selected()) { + // reset drag elements, since near will be added again + selectedNodes = cy.$(function (ele) { + return ele.selected() && r.nodeIsGrabbable(ele); + }); + addNodesToDrag(selectedNodes, { + addToList: draggedEles + }); + } else { + addNodeToDrag(near, { + addToList: draggedEles + }); + } + + setGrabTarget(near); + + var makeEvent = function makeEvent(type) { + return { + originalEvent: e, + type: type, + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }; + }; + + near.emit(makeEvent('grabon')); + + if (selectedNodes) { + selectedNodes.forEach(function (n) { + n.emit(makeEvent('grab')); + }); + } else { + near.emit(makeEvent('grab')); + } + } + } + + triggerEvents(near, ['touchstart', 'tapstart', 'vmousedown'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + + if (near == null) { + r.data.bgActivePosistion = { + x: pos[0], + y: pos[1] + }; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); + } // Tap, taphold + // ----- + + + r.touchData.singleTouchMoved = false; + r.touchData.singleTouchStartTime = +new Date(); + clearTimeout(r.touchData.tapholdTimeout); + r.touchData.tapholdTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + if (r.touchData.singleTouchMoved === false && !r.pinching // if pinching, then taphold unselect shouldn't take effect + && !r.touchData.selecting // box selection shouldn't allow taphold through + ) { + triggerEvents(r.touchData.start, ['taphold'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + } + }, r.tapholdDuration); + } + + if (e.touches.length >= 1) { + var sPos = r.touchData.startPosition = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < now.length; i++) { + sPos[i] = earlier[i] = now[i]; + } + + var touch0 = e.touches[0]; + r.touchData.startGPosition = [touch0.clientX, touch0.clientY]; + } + }, false); + var touchmoveHandler; + r.registerBinding(window, 'touchmove', touchmoveHandler = function touchmoveHandler(e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-undef + var capture = r.touchData.capture; + + if (!capture && !eventInContainer(e)) { + return; + } + + var select = r.selection; + var cy = r.cy; + var now = r.touchData.now; + var earlier = r.touchData.earlier; + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + + if (e.touches[0]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[0].clientX, e.touches[0].clientY); + now[0] = pos[0]; + now[1] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[1]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[1].clientX, e.touches[1].clientY); + now[2] = pos[0]; + now[3] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[2]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[2].clientX, e.touches[2].clientY); + now[4] = pos[0]; + now[5] = pos[1]; + } + + var startGPos = r.touchData.startGPosition; + var isOverThresholdDrag; + + if (capture && e.touches[0] && startGPos) { + var disp = []; + + for (var j = 0; j < now.length; j++) { + disp[j] = now[j] - earlier[j]; + } + + var dx = e.touches[0].clientX - startGPos[0]; + var dx2 = dx * dx; + var dy = e.touches[0].clientY - startGPos[1]; + var dy2 = dy * dy; + var dist2 = dx2 + dy2; + isOverThresholdDrag = dist2 >= r.touchTapThreshold2; + } // context swipe cancelling + + + if (capture && r.touchData.cxt) { + e.preventDefault(); + var f1x2 = e.touches[0].clientX - offsetLeft, + f1y2 = e.touches[0].clientY - offsetTop; + var f2x2 = e.touches[1].clientX - offsetLeft, + f2y2 = e.touches[1].clientY - offsetTop; // var distance2 = distance( f1x2, f1y2, f2x2, f2y2 ); + + var distance2Sq = distanceSq(f1x2, f1y2, f2x2, f2y2); + var factorSq = distance2Sq / distance1Sq; + var distThreshold = 150; + var distThresholdSq = distThreshold * distThreshold; + var factorThreshold = 1.5; + var factorThresholdSq = factorThreshold * factorThreshold; // cancel ctx gestures if the distance b/t the fingers increases + + if (factorSq >= factorThresholdSq || distance2Sq >= distThresholdSq) { + r.touchData.cxt = false; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + var cxtEvt = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapend', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }; + + if (r.touchData.start) { + r.touchData.start.unactivate().emit(cxtEvt); + r.touchData.start = null; + } else { + cy.emit(cxtEvt); + } + } + } // context swipe + + + if (capture && r.touchData.cxt) { + var cxtEvt = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxtdrag', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }; + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + + if (r.touchData.start) { + r.touchData.start.emit(cxtEvt); + } else { + cy.emit(cxtEvt); + } + + if (r.touchData.start) { + r.touchData.start._private.grabbed = false; + } + + r.touchData.cxtDragged = true; + var near = r.findNearestElement(now[0], now[1], true, true); + + if (!r.touchData.cxtOver || near !== r.touchData.cxtOver) { + if (r.touchData.cxtOver) { + r.touchData.cxtOver.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxtdragout', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + } + + r.touchData.cxtOver = near; + + if (near) { + near.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxtdragover', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + } + } // box selection + + } else if (capture && e.touches[2] && cy.boxSelectionEnabled()) { + e.preventDefault(); + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + this.lastThreeTouch = +new Date(); + + if (!r.touchData.selecting) { + cy.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'boxstart', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + } + + r.touchData.selecting = true; + r.touchData.didSelect = true; + select[4] = 1; + + if (!select || select.length === 0 || select[0] === undefined) { + select[0] = (now[0] + now[2] + now[4]) / 3; + select[1] = (now[1] + now[3] + now[5]) / 3; + select[2] = (now[0] + now[2] + now[4]) / 3 + 1; + select[3] = (now[1] + now[3] + now[5]) / 3 + 1; + } else { + select[2] = (now[0] + now[2] + now[4]) / 3; + select[3] = (now[1] + now[3] + now[5]) / 3; + } + + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); // pinch to zoom + } else if (capture && e.touches[1] && !r.touchData.didSelect // don't allow box selection to degrade to pinch-to-zoom + && cy.zoomingEnabled() && cy.panningEnabled() && cy.userZoomingEnabled() && cy.userPanningEnabled()) { + // two fingers => pinch to zoom + e.preventDefault(); + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + var draggedEles = r.dragData.touchDragEles; + + if (draggedEles) { + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + + for (var i = 0; i < draggedEles.length; i++) { + var de_p = draggedEles[i]._private; + de_p.grabbed = false; + de_p.rscratch.inDragLayer = false; + } + } + + var _start = r.touchData.start; // (x2, y2) for fingers 1 and 2 + + var f1x2 = e.touches[0].clientX - offsetLeft, + f1y2 = e.touches[0].clientY - offsetTop; + var f2x2 = e.touches[1].clientX - offsetLeft, + f2y2 = e.touches[1].clientY - offsetTop; + var distance2 = distance(f1x2, f1y2, f2x2, f2y2); // var distance2Sq = distanceSq( f1x2, f1y2, f2x2, f2y2 ); + // var factor = Math.sqrt( distance2Sq ) / Math.sqrt( distance1Sq ); + + var factor = distance2 / distance1; + + if (twoFingersStartInside) { + // delta finger1 + var df1x = f1x2 - f1x1; + var df1y = f1y2 - f1y1; // delta finger 2 + + var df2x = f2x2 - f2x1; + var df2y = f2y2 - f2y1; // translation is the normalised vector of the two fingers movement + // i.e. so pinching cancels out and moving together pans + + var tx = (df1x + df2x) / 2; + var ty = (df1y + df2y) / 2; // now calculate the zoom + + var zoom1 = cy.zoom(); + var zoom2 = zoom1 * factor; + var pan1 = cy.pan(); // the model center point converted to the current rendered pos + + var ctrx = modelCenter1[0] * zoom1 + pan1.x; + var ctry = modelCenter1[1] * zoom1 + pan1.y; + var pan2 = { + x: -zoom2 / zoom1 * (ctrx - pan1.x - tx) + ctrx, + y: -zoom2 / zoom1 * (ctry - pan1.y - ty) + ctry + }; // remove dragged eles + + if (_start && _start.active()) { + var draggedEles = r.dragData.touchDragEles; + freeDraggedElements(draggedEles); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + + _start.unactivate().emit('freeon'); + + draggedEles.emit('free'); + + if (r.dragData.didDrag) { + _start.emit('dragfreeon'); + + draggedEles.emit('dragfree'); + } + } + + cy.viewport({ + zoom: zoom2, + pan: pan2, + cancelOnFailedZoom: true + }); + cy.emit('pinchzoom'); + distance1 = distance2; + f1x1 = f1x2; + f1y1 = f1y2; + f2x1 = f2x2; + f2y1 = f2y2; + r.pinching = true; + } // Re-project + + + if (e.touches[0]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[0].clientX, e.touches[0].clientY); + now[0] = pos[0]; + now[1] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[1]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[1].clientX, e.touches[1].clientY); + now[2] = pos[0]; + now[3] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[2]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[2].clientX, e.touches[2].clientY); + now[4] = pos[0]; + now[5] = pos[1]; + } + } else if (e.touches[0] && !r.touchData.didSelect // don't allow box selection to degrade to single finger events like panning + ) { + var start = r.touchData.start; + var last = r.touchData.last; + var near; + + if (!r.hoverData.draggingEles && !r.swipePanning) { + near = r.findNearestElement(now[0], now[1], true, true); + } + + if (capture && start != null) { + e.preventDefault(); + } // dragging nodes + + + if (capture && start != null && r.nodeIsDraggable(start)) { + if (isOverThresholdDrag) { + // then dragging can happen + var draggedEles = r.dragData.touchDragEles; + var justStartedDrag = !r.dragData.didDrag; + + if (justStartedDrag) { + addNodesToDrag(draggedEles, { + inDragLayer: true + }); + } + + r.dragData.didDrag = true; + var totalShift = { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + + if (number$1(disp[0]) && number$1(disp[1])) { + totalShift.x += disp[0]; + totalShift.y += disp[1]; + + if (justStartedDrag) { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + var dragDelta = r.touchData.dragDelta; + + if (dragDelta && number$1(dragDelta[0]) && number$1(dragDelta[1])) { + totalShift.x += dragDelta[0]; + totalShift.y += dragDelta[1]; + } + } + } + + r.hoverData.draggingEles = true; + draggedEles.silentShift(totalShift).emit('position drag'); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + + if (r.touchData.startPosition[0] == earlier[0] && r.touchData.startPosition[1] == earlier[1]) { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + + r.redraw(); + } else { + // otherise keep track of drag delta for later + var dragDelta = r.touchData.dragDelta = r.touchData.dragDelta || []; + + if (dragDelta.length === 0) { + dragDelta.push(disp[0]); + dragDelta.push(disp[1]); + } else { + dragDelta[0] += disp[0]; + dragDelta[1] += disp[1]; + } + } + } // touchmove + + + { + triggerEvents(start || near, ['touchmove', 'tapdrag', 'vmousemove'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + + if ((!start || !start.grabbed()) && near != last) { + if (last) { + last.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'tapdragout', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + } + + if (near) { + near.emit({ + originalEvent: e, + type: 'tapdragover', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + } + } + + r.touchData.last = near; + } // check to cancel taphold + + if (capture) { + for (var i = 0; i < now.length; i++) { + if (now[i] && r.touchData.startPosition[i] && isOverThresholdDrag) { + r.touchData.singleTouchMoved = true; + } + } + } // panning + + + if (capture && (start == null || start.pannable()) && cy.panningEnabled() && cy.userPanningEnabled()) { + var allowPassthrough = allowPanningPassthrough(start, r.touchData.starts); + + if (allowPassthrough) { + e.preventDefault(); + + if (!r.data.bgActivePosistion) { + r.data.bgActivePosistion = array2point(r.touchData.startPosition); + } + + if (r.swipePanning) { + cy.panBy({ + x: disp[0] * zoom, + y: disp[1] * zoom + }); + cy.emit('dragpan'); + } else if (isOverThresholdDrag) { + r.swipePanning = true; + cy.panBy({ + x: dx * zoom, + y: dy * zoom + }); + cy.emit('dragpan'); + + if (start) { + start.unactivate(); + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.touchData.start = null; + } + } + } // Re-project + + + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[0].clientX, e.touches[0].clientY); + now[0] = pos[0]; + now[1] = pos[1]; + } + } + + for (var j = 0; j < now.length; j++) { + earlier[j] = now[j]; + } // the active bg indicator should be removed when making a swipe that is neither for dragging nodes or panning + + + if (capture && e.touches.length > 0 && !r.hoverData.draggingEles && !r.swipePanning && r.data.bgActivePosistion != null) { + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + r.redraw(); + } + }, false); + var touchcancelHandler; + r.registerBinding(window, 'touchcancel', touchcancelHandler = function touchcancelHandler(e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars + var start = r.touchData.start; + r.touchData.capture = false; + + if (start) { + start.unactivate(); + } + }); + var touchendHandler, didDoubleTouch, touchTimeout, prevTouchTimeStamp; + r.registerBinding(window, 'touchend', touchendHandler = function touchendHandler(e) { + // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars + var start = r.touchData.start; + var capture = r.touchData.capture; + + if (capture) { + if (e.touches.length === 0) { + r.touchData.capture = false; + } + + e.preventDefault(); + } else { + return; + } + + var select = r.selection; + r.swipePanning = false; + r.hoverData.draggingEles = false; + var cy = r.cy; + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var now = r.touchData.now; + var earlier = r.touchData.earlier; + + if (e.touches[0]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[0].clientX, e.touches[0].clientY); + now[0] = pos[0]; + now[1] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[1]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[1].clientX, e.touches[1].clientY); + now[2] = pos[0]; + now[3] = pos[1]; + } + + if (e.touches[2]) { + var pos = r.projectIntoViewport(e.touches[2].clientX, e.touches[2].clientY); + now[4] = pos[0]; + now[5] = pos[1]; + } + + if (start) { + start.unactivate(); + } + + var ctxTapend; + + if (r.touchData.cxt) { + ctxTapend = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttapend', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }; + + if (start) { + start.emit(ctxTapend); + } else { + cy.emit(ctxTapend); + } + + if (!r.touchData.cxtDragged) { + var ctxTap = { + originalEvent: e, + type: 'cxttap', + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }; + + if (start) { + start.emit(ctxTap); + } else { + cy.emit(ctxTap); + } + } + + if (r.touchData.start) { + r.touchData.start._private.grabbed = false; + } + + r.touchData.cxt = false; + r.touchData.start = null; + r.redraw(); + return; + } // no more box selection if we don't have three fingers + + + if (!e.touches[2] && cy.boxSelectionEnabled() && r.touchData.selecting) { + r.touchData.selecting = false; + var box = cy.collection(r.getAllInBox(select[0], select[1], select[2], select[3])); + select[0] = undefined; + select[1] = undefined; + select[2] = undefined; + select[3] = undefined; + select[4] = 0; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + cy.emit({ + type: 'boxend', + originalEvent: e, + position: { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + } + }); + + var eleWouldBeSelected = function eleWouldBeSelected(ele) { + return ele.selectable() && !ele.selected(); + }; + + box.emit('box').stdFilter(eleWouldBeSelected).select().emit('boxselect'); + + if (box.nonempty()) { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + + r.redraw(); + } + + if (start != null) { + start.unactivate(); + } + + if (e.touches[2]) { + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + } else if (e.touches[1]) ; else if (e.touches[0]) ; else if (!e.touches[0]) { + r.data.bgActivePosistion = undefined; + r.redrawHint('select', true); + var draggedEles = r.dragData.touchDragEles; + + if (start != null) { + var startWasGrabbed = start._private.grabbed; + freeDraggedElements(draggedEles); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + + if (startWasGrabbed) { + start.emit('freeon'); + draggedEles.emit('free'); + + if (r.dragData.didDrag) { + start.emit('dragfreeon'); + draggedEles.emit('dragfree'); + } + } + + triggerEvents(start, ['touchend', 'tapend', 'vmouseup', 'tapdragout'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + start.unactivate(); + r.touchData.start = null; + } else { + var near = r.findNearestElement(now[0], now[1], true, true); + triggerEvents(near, ['touchend', 'tapend', 'vmouseup', 'tapdragout'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + } + + var dx = r.touchData.startPosition[0] - now[0]; + var dx2 = dx * dx; + var dy = r.touchData.startPosition[1] - now[1]; + var dy2 = dy * dy; + var dist2 = dx2 + dy2; + var rdist2 = dist2 * zoom * zoom; // Tap event, roughly same as mouse click event for touch + + if (!r.touchData.singleTouchMoved) { + if (!start) { + cy.$(':selected').unselect(['tapunselect']); + } + + triggerEvents(start, ['tap', 'vclick'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + didDoubleTouch = false; + + if (e.timeStamp - prevTouchTimeStamp <= cy.multiClickDebounceTime()) { + touchTimeout && clearTimeout(touchTimeout); + didDoubleTouch = true; + prevTouchTimeStamp = null; + triggerEvents(start, ['dbltap', 'vdblclick'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + } else { + touchTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + if (didDoubleTouch) return; + triggerEvents(start, ['onetap', 'voneclick'], e, { + x: now[0], + y: now[1] + }); + }, cy.multiClickDebounceTime()); + prevTouchTimeStamp = e.timeStamp; + } + } // Prepare to select the currently touched node, only if it hasn't been dragged past a certain distance + + + if (start != null && !r.dragData.didDrag // didn't drag nodes around + && start._private.selectable && rdist2 < r.touchTapThreshold2 && !r.pinching // pinch to zoom should not affect selection + ) { + if (cy.selectionType() === 'single') { + cy.$(isSelected).unmerge(start).unselect(['tapunselect']); + start.select(['tapselect']); + } else { + if (start.selected()) { + start.unselect(['tapunselect']); + } else { + start.select(['tapselect']); + } + } + + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + } + + r.touchData.singleTouchMoved = true; + } + + for (var j = 0; j < now.length; j++) { + earlier[j] = now[j]; + } + + r.dragData.didDrag = false; // reset for next touchstart + + if (e.touches.length === 0) { + r.touchData.dragDelta = []; + r.touchData.startPosition = null; + r.touchData.startGPosition = null; + r.touchData.didSelect = false; + } + + if (e.touches.length < 2) { + if (e.touches.length === 1) { + // the old start global pos'n may not be the same finger that remains + r.touchData.startGPosition = [e.touches[0].clientX, e.touches[0].clientY]; + } + + r.pinching = false; + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redraw(); + } //r.redraw(); + + }, false); // fallback compatibility layer for ms pointer events + + if (typeof TouchEvent === 'undefined') { + var pointers = []; + + var makeTouch = function makeTouch(e) { + return { + clientX: e.clientX, + clientY: e.clientY, + force: 1, + identifier: e.pointerId, + pageX: e.pageX, + pageY: e.pageY, + radiusX: e.width / 2, + radiusY: e.height / 2, + screenX: e.screenX, + screenY: e.screenY, + target: e.target + }; + }; + + var makePointer = function makePointer(e) { + return { + event: e, + touch: makeTouch(e) + }; + }; + + var addPointer = function addPointer(e) { + pointers.push(makePointer(e)); + }; + + var removePointer = function removePointer(e) { + for (var i = 0; i < pointers.length; i++) { + var p = pointers[i]; + + if (p.event.pointerId === e.pointerId) { + pointers.splice(i, 1); + return; + } + } + }; + + var updatePointer = function updatePointer(e) { + var p = pointers.filter(function (p) { + return p.event.pointerId === e.pointerId; + })[0]; + p.event = e; + p.touch = makeTouch(e); + }; + + var addTouchesToEvent = function addTouchesToEvent(e) { + e.touches = pointers.map(function (p) { + return p.touch; + }); + }; + + var pointerIsMouse = function pointerIsMouse(e) { + return e.pointerType === 'mouse' || e.pointerType === 4; + }; + + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'pointerdown', function (e) { + if (pointerIsMouse(e)) { + return; + } // mouse already handled + + + e.preventDefault(); + addPointer(e); + addTouchesToEvent(e); + touchstartHandler(e); + }); + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'pointerup', function (e) { + if (pointerIsMouse(e)) { + return; + } // mouse already handled + + + removePointer(e); + addTouchesToEvent(e); + touchendHandler(e); + }); + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'pointercancel', function (e) { + if (pointerIsMouse(e)) { + return; + } // mouse already handled + + + removePointer(e); + addTouchesToEvent(e); + touchcancelHandler(e); + }); + r.registerBinding(r.container, 'pointermove', function (e) { + if (pointerIsMouse(e)) { + return; + } // mouse already handled + + + e.preventDefault(); + updatePointer(e); + addTouchesToEvent(e); + touchmoveHandler(e); + }); + } +}; + +var BRp$2 = {}; + +BRp$2.generatePolygon = function (name, points) { + return this.nodeShapes[name] = { + renderer: this, + name: name, + points: points, + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl('polygon', context, centerX, centerY, width, height, this.points); + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + return polygonIntersectLine(x, y, this.points, nodeX, nodeY, width / 2, height / 2, padding); + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + return pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width, height, [0, -1], padding); + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.generateEllipse = function () { + return this.nodeShapes['ellipse'] = { + renderer: this, + name: 'ellipse', + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl(this.name, context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + return intersectLineEllipse(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, width / 2 + padding, height / 2 + padding); + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + return checkInEllipse(x, y, width, height, centerX, centerY, padding); + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.generateRoundPolygon = function (name, points) { + // Pre-compute control points + // Since these points depend on the radius length (which in turns depend on the width/height of the node) we will only pre-compute + // the unit vectors. + // For simplicity the layout will be: + // [ p0, UnitVectorP0P1, p1, UniVectorP1P2, ..., pn, UnitVectorPnP0 ] + var allPoints = new Array(points.length * 2); + + for (var i = 0; i < points.length / 2; i++) { + var sourceIndex = i * 2; + var destIndex = void 0; + + if (i < points.length / 2 - 1) { + destIndex = (i + 1) * 2; + } else { + destIndex = 0; + } + + allPoints[i * 4] = points[sourceIndex]; + allPoints[i * 4 + 1] = points[sourceIndex + 1]; + var xDest = points[destIndex] - points[sourceIndex]; + var yDest = points[destIndex + 1] - points[sourceIndex + 1]; + var norm = Math.sqrt(xDest * xDest + yDest * yDest); + allPoints[i * 4 + 2] = xDest / norm; + allPoints[i * 4 + 3] = yDest / norm; + } + + return this.nodeShapes[name] = { + renderer: this, + name: name, + points: allPoints, + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl('round-polygon', context, centerX, centerY, width, height, this.points); + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + return roundPolygonIntersectLine(x, y, this.points, nodeX, nodeY, width, height); + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + return pointInsideRoundPolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width, height); + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.generateRoundRectangle = function () { + return this.nodeShapes['round-rectangle'] = this.nodeShapes['roundrectangle'] = { + renderer: this, + name: 'round-rectangle', + points: generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(4, 0), + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl(this.name, context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + return roundRectangleIntersectLine(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, width, height, padding); + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + var cornerRadius = getRoundRectangleRadius(width, height); + var diam = cornerRadius * 2; // Check hBox + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width, height - diam, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } // Check vBox + + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width - diam, height, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } // Check top left quarter circle + + + if (checkInEllipse(x, y, diam, diam, centerX - width / 2 + cornerRadius, centerY - height / 2 + cornerRadius, padding)) { + return true; + } // Check top right quarter circle + + + if (checkInEllipse(x, y, diam, diam, centerX + width / 2 - cornerRadius, centerY - height / 2 + cornerRadius, padding)) { + return true; + } // Check bottom right quarter circle + + + if (checkInEllipse(x, y, diam, diam, centerX + width / 2 - cornerRadius, centerY + height / 2 - cornerRadius, padding)) { + return true; + } // Check bottom left quarter circle + + + if (checkInEllipse(x, y, diam, diam, centerX - width / 2 + cornerRadius, centerY + height / 2 - cornerRadius, padding)) { + return true; + } + + return false; + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.generateCutRectangle = function () { + return this.nodeShapes['cut-rectangle'] = this.nodeShapes['cutrectangle'] = { + renderer: this, + name: 'cut-rectangle', + cornerLength: getCutRectangleCornerLength(), + points: generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(4, 0), + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl(this.name, context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + }, + generateCutTrianglePts: function generateCutTrianglePts(width, height, centerX, centerY) { + var cl = this.cornerLength; + var hh = height / 2; + var hw = width / 2; + var xBegin = centerX - hw; + var xEnd = centerX + hw; + var yBegin = centerY - hh; + var yEnd = centerY + hh; // points are in clockwise order, inner (imaginary) triangle pt on [4, 5] + + return { + topLeft: [xBegin, yBegin + cl, xBegin + cl, yBegin, xBegin + cl, yBegin + cl], + topRight: [xEnd - cl, yBegin, xEnd, yBegin + cl, xEnd - cl, yBegin + cl], + bottomRight: [xEnd, yEnd - cl, xEnd - cl, yEnd, xEnd - cl, yEnd - cl], + bottomLeft: [xBegin + cl, yEnd, xBegin, yEnd - cl, xBegin + cl, yEnd - cl] + }; + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + var cPts = this.generateCutTrianglePts(width + 2 * padding, height + 2 * padding, nodeX, nodeY); + var pts = [].concat.apply([], [cPts.topLeft.splice(0, 4), cPts.topRight.splice(0, 4), cPts.bottomRight.splice(0, 4), cPts.bottomLeft.splice(0, 4)]); + return polygonIntersectLine(x, y, pts, nodeX, nodeY); + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + // Check hBox + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width, height - 2 * this.cornerLength, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } // Check vBox + + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width - 2 * this.cornerLength, height, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } + + var cutTrianglePts = this.generateCutTrianglePts(width, height, centerX, centerY); + return pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, cutTrianglePts.topLeft) || pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, cutTrianglePts.topRight) || pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, cutTrianglePts.bottomRight) || pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, cutTrianglePts.bottomLeft); + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.generateBarrel = function () { + return this.nodeShapes['barrel'] = { + renderer: this, + name: 'barrel', + points: generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(4, 0), + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl(this.name, context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + // use two fixed t values for the bezier curve approximation + var t0 = 0.15; + var t1 = 0.5; + var t2 = 0.85; + var bPts = this.generateBarrelBezierPts(width + 2 * padding, height + 2 * padding, nodeX, nodeY); + + var approximateBarrelCurvePts = function approximateBarrelCurvePts(pts) { + // approximate curve pts based on the two t values + var m0 = qbezierPtAt({ + x: pts[0], + y: pts[1] + }, { + x: pts[2], + y: pts[3] + }, { + x: pts[4], + y: pts[5] + }, t0); + var m1 = qbezierPtAt({ + x: pts[0], + y: pts[1] + }, { + x: pts[2], + y: pts[3] + }, { + x: pts[4], + y: pts[5] + }, t1); + var m2 = qbezierPtAt({ + x: pts[0], + y: pts[1] + }, { + x: pts[2], + y: pts[3] + }, { + x: pts[4], + y: pts[5] + }, t2); + return [pts[0], pts[1], m0.x, m0.y, m1.x, m1.y, m2.x, m2.y, pts[4], pts[5]]; + }; + + var pts = [].concat(approximateBarrelCurvePts(bPts.topLeft), approximateBarrelCurvePts(bPts.topRight), approximateBarrelCurvePts(bPts.bottomRight), approximateBarrelCurvePts(bPts.bottomLeft)); + return polygonIntersectLine(x, y, pts, nodeX, nodeY); + }, + generateBarrelBezierPts: function generateBarrelBezierPts(width, height, centerX, centerY) { + var hh = height / 2; + var hw = width / 2; + var xBegin = centerX - hw; + var xEnd = centerX + hw; + var yBegin = centerY - hh; + var yEnd = centerY + hh; + var curveConstants = getBarrelCurveConstants(width, height); + var hOffset = curveConstants.heightOffset; + var wOffset = curveConstants.widthOffset; + var ctrlPtXOffset = curveConstants.ctrlPtOffsetPct * width; // points are in clockwise order, inner (imaginary) control pt on [4, 5] + + var pts = { + topLeft: [xBegin, yBegin + hOffset, xBegin + ctrlPtXOffset, yBegin, xBegin + wOffset, yBegin], + topRight: [xEnd - wOffset, yBegin, xEnd - ctrlPtXOffset, yBegin, xEnd, yBegin + hOffset], + bottomRight: [xEnd, yEnd - hOffset, xEnd - ctrlPtXOffset, yEnd, xEnd - wOffset, yEnd], + bottomLeft: [xBegin + wOffset, yEnd, xBegin + ctrlPtXOffset, yEnd, xBegin, yEnd - hOffset] + }; + pts.topLeft.isTop = true; + pts.topRight.isTop = true; + pts.bottomLeft.isBottom = true; + pts.bottomRight.isBottom = true; + return pts; + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + var curveConstants = getBarrelCurveConstants(width, height); + var hOffset = curveConstants.heightOffset; + var wOffset = curveConstants.widthOffset; // Check hBox + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width, height - 2 * hOffset, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } // Check vBox + + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width - 2 * wOffset, height, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } + + var barrelCurvePts = this.generateBarrelBezierPts(width, height, centerX, centerY); + + var getCurveT = function getCurveT(x, y, curvePts) { + var x0 = curvePts[4]; + var x1 = curvePts[2]; + var x2 = curvePts[0]; + var y0 = curvePts[5]; // var y1 = curvePts[ 3 ]; + + var y2 = curvePts[1]; + var xMin = Math.min(x0, x2); + var xMax = Math.max(x0, x2); + var yMin = Math.min(y0, y2); + var yMax = Math.max(y0, y2); + + if (xMin <= x && x <= xMax && yMin <= y && y <= yMax) { + var coeff = bezierPtsToQuadCoeff(x0, x1, x2); + var roots = solveQuadratic(coeff[0], coeff[1], coeff[2], x); + var validRoots = roots.filter(function (r) { + return 0 <= r && r <= 1; + }); + + if (validRoots.length > 0) { + return validRoots[0]; + } + } + + return null; + }; + + var curveRegions = Object.keys(barrelCurvePts); + + for (var i = 0; i < curveRegions.length; i++) { + var corner = curveRegions[i]; + var cornerPts = barrelCurvePts[corner]; + var t = getCurveT(x, y, cornerPts); + + if (t == null) { + continue; + } + + var y0 = cornerPts[5]; + var y1 = cornerPts[3]; + var y2 = cornerPts[1]; + var bezY = qbezierAt(y0, y1, y2, t); + + if (cornerPts.isTop && bezY <= y) { + return true; + } + + if (cornerPts.isBottom && y <= bezY) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.generateBottomRoundrectangle = function () { + return this.nodeShapes['bottom-round-rectangle'] = this.nodeShapes['bottomroundrectangle'] = { + renderer: this, + name: 'bottom-round-rectangle', + points: generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(4, 0), + draw: function draw(context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + this.renderer.nodeShapeImpl(this.name, context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + }, + intersectLine: function intersectLine(nodeX, nodeY, width, height, x, y, padding) { + var topStartX = nodeX - (width / 2 + padding); + var topStartY = nodeY - (height / 2 + padding); + var topEndY = topStartY; + var topEndX = nodeX + (width / 2 + padding); + var topIntersections = finiteLinesIntersect(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, topStartX, topStartY, topEndX, topEndY, false); + + if (topIntersections.length > 0) { + return topIntersections; + } + + return roundRectangleIntersectLine(x, y, nodeX, nodeY, width, height, padding); + }, + checkPoint: function checkPoint(x, y, padding, width, height, centerX, centerY) { + var cornerRadius = getRoundRectangleRadius(width, height); + var diam = 2 * cornerRadius; // Check hBox + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width, height - diam, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } // Check vBox + + + if (pointInsidePolygon(x, y, this.points, centerX, centerY, width - diam, height, [0, -1], padding)) { + return true; + } // check non-rounded top side + + + var outerWidth = width / 2 + 2 * padding; + var outerHeight = height / 2 + 2 * padding; + var points = [centerX - outerWidth, centerY - outerHeight, centerX - outerWidth, centerY, centerX + outerWidth, centerY, centerX + outerWidth, centerY - outerHeight]; + + if (pointInsidePolygonPoints(x, y, points)) { + return true; + } // Check bottom right quarter circle + + + if (checkInEllipse(x, y, diam, diam, centerX + width / 2 - cornerRadius, centerY + height / 2 - cornerRadius, padding)) { + return true; + } // Check bottom left quarter circle + + + if (checkInEllipse(x, y, diam, diam, centerX - width / 2 + cornerRadius, centerY + height / 2 - cornerRadius, padding)) { + return true; + } + + return false; + } + }; +}; + +BRp$2.registerNodeShapes = function () { + var nodeShapes = this.nodeShapes = {}; + var renderer = this; + this.generateEllipse(); + this.generatePolygon('triangle', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(3, 0)); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-triangle', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(3, 0)); + this.generatePolygon('rectangle', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(4, 0)); + nodeShapes['square'] = nodeShapes['rectangle']; + this.generateRoundRectangle(); + this.generateCutRectangle(); + this.generateBarrel(); + this.generateBottomRoundrectangle(); + { + var diamondPoints = [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0]; + this.generatePolygon('diamond', diamondPoints); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-diamond', diamondPoints); + } + this.generatePolygon('pentagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(5, 0)); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-pentagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(5, 0)); + this.generatePolygon('hexagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(6, 0)); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-hexagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(6, 0)); + this.generatePolygon('heptagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(7, 0)); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-heptagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(7, 0)); + this.generatePolygon('octagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(8, 0)); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-octagon', generateUnitNgonPointsFitToSquare(8, 0)); + var star5Points = new Array(20); + { + var outerPoints = generateUnitNgonPoints(5, 0); + var innerPoints = generateUnitNgonPoints(5, Math.PI / 5); // Outer radius is 1; inner radius of star is smaller + + var innerRadius = 0.5 * (3 - Math.sqrt(5)); + innerRadius *= 1.57; + + for (var i = 0; i < innerPoints.length / 2; i++) { + innerPoints[i * 2] *= innerRadius; + innerPoints[i * 2 + 1] *= innerRadius; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < 20 / 4; i++) { + star5Points[i * 4] = outerPoints[i * 2]; + star5Points[i * 4 + 1] = outerPoints[i * 2 + 1]; + star5Points[i * 4 + 2] = innerPoints[i * 2]; + star5Points[i * 4 + 3] = innerPoints[i * 2 + 1]; + } + } + star5Points = fitPolygonToSquare(star5Points); + this.generatePolygon('star', star5Points); + this.generatePolygon('vee', [-1, -1, 0, -0.333, 1, -1, 0, 1]); + this.generatePolygon('rhomboid', [-1, -1, 0.333, -1, 1, 1, -0.333, 1]); + this.nodeShapes['concavehexagon'] = this.generatePolygon('concave-hexagon', [-1, -0.95, -0.75, 0, -1, 0.95, 1, 0.95, 0.75, 0, 1, -0.95]); + { + var tagPoints = [-1, -1, 0.25, -1, 1, 0, 0.25, 1, -1, 1]; + this.generatePolygon('tag', tagPoints); + this.generateRoundPolygon('round-tag', tagPoints); + } + + nodeShapes.makePolygon = function (points) { + // use caching on user-specified polygons so they are as fast as native shapes + var key = points.join('$'); + var name = 'polygon-' + key; + var shape; + + if (shape = this[name]) { + // got cached shape + return shape; + } // create and cache new shape + + + return renderer.generatePolygon(name, points); + }; +}; + +var BRp$1 = {}; + +BRp$1.timeToRender = function () { + return this.redrawTotalTime / this.redrawCount; +}; + +BRp$1.redraw = function (options) { + options = options || staticEmptyObject(); + var r = this; + + if (r.averageRedrawTime === undefined) { + r.averageRedrawTime = 0; + } + + if (r.lastRedrawTime === undefined) { + r.lastRedrawTime = 0; + } + + if (r.lastDrawTime === undefined) { + r.lastDrawTime = 0; + } + + r.requestedFrame = true; + r.renderOptions = options; +}; + +BRp$1.beforeRender = function (fn, priority) { + // the renderer can't add tick callbacks when destroyed + if (this.destroyed) { + return; + } + + if (priority == null) { + error('Priority is not optional for beforeRender'); + } + + var cbs = this.beforeRenderCallbacks; + cbs.push({ + fn: fn, + priority: priority + }); // higher priority callbacks executed first + + cbs.sort(function (a, b) { + return b.priority - a.priority; + }); +}; + +var beforeRenderCallbacks = function beforeRenderCallbacks(r, willDraw, startTime) { + var cbs = r.beforeRenderCallbacks; + + for (var i = 0; i < cbs.length; i++) { + cbs[i].fn(willDraw, startTime); + } +}; + +BRp$1.startRenderLoop = function () { + var r = this; + var cy = r.cy; + + if (r.renderLoopStarted) { + return; + } else { + r.renderLoopStarted = true; + } + + var renderFn = function renderFn(requestTime) { + if (r.destroyed) { + return; + } + + if (cy.batching()) ; else if (r.requestedFrame && !r.skipFrame) { + beforeRenderCallbacks(r, true, requestTime); + var startTime = performanceNow(); + r.render(r.renderOptions); + var endTime = r.lastDrawTime = performanceNow(); + + if (r.averageRedrawTime === undefined) { + r.averageRedrawTime = endTime - startTime; + } + + if (r.redrawCount === undefined) { + r.redrawCount = 0; + } + + r.redrawCount++; + + if (r.redrawTotalTime === undefined) { + r.redrawTotalTime = 0; + } + + var duration = endTime - startTime; + r.redrawTotalTime += duration; + r.lastRedrawTime = duration; // use a weighted average with a bias from the previous average so we don't spike so easily + + r.averageRedrawTime = r.averageRedrawTime / 2 + duration / 2; + r.requestedFrame = false; + } else { + beforeRenderCallbacks(r, false, requestTime); + } + + r.skipFrame = false; + requestAnimationFrame(renderFn); + }; + + requestAnimationFrame(renderFn); +}; + +var BaseRenderer = function BaseRenderer(options) { + this.init(options); +}; + +var BR = BaseRenderer; +var BRp = BR.prototype; +BRp.clientFunctions = ['redrawHint', 'render', 'renderTo', 'matchCanvasSize', 'nodeShapeImpl', 'arrowShapeImpl']; + +BRp.init = function (options) { + var r = this; + r.options = options; + r.cy = options.cy; + var ctr = r.container = options.cy.container(); // prepend a stylesheet in the head such that + + if (window$1) { + var document = window$1.document; + var head = document.head; + var stylesheetId = '__________cytoscape_stylesheet'; + var className = '__________cytoscape_container'; + var stylesheetAlreadyExists = document.getElementById(stylesheetId) != null; + + if (ctr.className.indexOf(className) < 0) { + ctr.className = (ctr.className || '') + ' ' + className; + } + + if (!stylesheetAlreadyExists) { + var stylesheet = document.createElement('style'); + stylesheet.id = stylesheetId; + stylesheet.innerHTML = '.' + className + ' { position: relative; }'; + head.insertBefore(stylesheet, head.children[0]); // first so lowest priority + } + + var computedStyle = window$1.getComputedStyle(ctr); + var position = computedStyle.getPropertyValue('position'); + + if (position === 'static') { + warn('A Cytoscape container has style position:static and so can not use UI extensions properly'); + } + } + + r.selection = [undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, 0]; // Coordinates for selection box, plus enabled flag + + r.bezierProjPcts = [0.05, 0.225, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.775, 0.95]; //--Pointer-related data + + r.hoverData = { + down: null, + last: null, + downTime: null, + triggerMode: null, + dragging: false, + initialPan: [null, null], + capture: false + }; + r.dragData = { + possibleDragElements: [] + }; + r.touchData = { + start: null, + capture: false, + // These 3 fields related to tap, taphold events + startPosition: [null, null, null, null, null, null], + singleTouchStartTime: null, + singleTouchMoved: true, + now: [null, null, null, null, null, null], + earlier: [null, null, null, null, null, null] + }; + r.redraws = 0; + r.showFps = options.showFps; + r.debug = options.debug; + r.hideEdgesOnViewport = options.hideEdgesOnViewport; + r.textureOnViewport = options.textureOnViewport; + r.wheelSensitivity = options.wheelSensitivity; + r.motionBlurEnabled = options.motionBlur; // on by default + + r.forcedPixelRatio = number$1(options.pixelRatio) ? options.pixelRatio : null; + r.motionBlur = options.motionBlur; // for initial kick off + + r.motionBlurOpacity = options.motionBlurOpacity; + r.motionBlurTransparency = 1 - r.motionBlurOpacity; + r.motionBlurPxRatio = 1; + r.mbPxRBlurry = 1; //0.8; + + r.minMbLowQualFrames = 4; + r.fullQualityMb = false; + r.clearedForMotionBlur = []; + r.desktopTapThreshold = options.desktopTapThreshold; + r.desktopTapThreshold2 = options.desktopTapThreshold * options.desktopTapThreshold; + r.touchTapThreshold = options.touchTapThreshold; + r.touchTapThreshold2 = options.touchTapThreshold * options.touchTapThreshold; + r.tapholdDuration = 500; + r.bindings = []; + r.beforeRenderCallbacks = []; + r.beforeRenderPriorities = { + // higher priority execs before lower one + animations: 400, + eleCalcs: 300, + eleTxrDeq: 200, + lyrTxrDeq: 150, + lyrTxrSkip: 100 + }; + r.registerNodeShapes(); + r.registerArrowShapes(); + r.registerCalculationListeners(); +}; + +BRp.notify = function (eventName, eles) { + var r = this; + var cy = r.cy; // the renderer can't be notified after it's destroyed + + if (this.destroyed) { + return; + } + + if (eventName === 'init') { + r.load(); + return; + } + + if (eventName === 'destroy') { + r.destroy(); + return; + } + + if (eventName === 'add' || eventName === 'remove' || eventName === 'move' && cy.hasCompoundNodes() || eventName === 'load' || eventName === 'zorder' || eventName === 'mount') { + r.invalidateCachedZSortedEles(); + } + + if (eventName === 'viewport') { + r.redrawHint('select', true); + } + + if (eventName === 'load' || eventName === 'resize' || eventName === 'mount') { + r.invalidateContainerClientCoordsCache(); + r.matchCanvasSize(r.container); + } + + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + this.startRenderLoop(); + this.redraw(); +}; + +BRp.destroy = function () { + var r = this; + r.destroyed = true; + r.cy.stopAnimationLoop(); + + for (var i = 0; i < r.bindings.length; i++) { + var binding = r.bindings[i]; + var b = binding; + var tgt = b.target; + (tgt.off || tgt.removeEventListener).apply(tgt, b.args); + } + + r.bindings = []; + r.beforeRenderCallbacks = []; + r.onUpdateEleCalcsFns = []; + + if (r.removeObserver) { + r.removeObserver.disconnect(); + } + + if (r.styleObserver) { + r.styleObserver.disconnect(); + } + + if (r.resizeObserver) { + r.resizeObserver.disconnect(); + } + + if (r.labelCalcDiv) { + try { + document.body.removeChild(r.labelCalcDiv); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + } catch (e) {// ie10 issue #1014 + } + } +}; + +BRp.isHeadless = function () { + return false; +}; + +[BRp$f, BRp$5, BRp$4, BRp$3, BRp$2, BRp$1].forEach(function (props) { + extend(BRp, props); +}); + +var fullFpsTime = 1000 / 60; // assume 60 frames per second + +var defs = { + setupDequeueing: function setupDequeueing(opts) { + return function setupDequeueingImpl() { + var self = this; + var r = this.renderer; + + if (self.dequeueingSetup) { + return; + } else { + self.dequeueingSetup = true; + } + + var queueRedraw = debounce__default["default"](function () { + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + r.redraw(); + }, opts.deqRedrawThreshold); + + var dequeue = function dequeue(willDraw, frameStartTime) { + var startTime = performanceNow(); + var avgRenderTime = r.averageRedrawTime; + var renderTime = r.lastRedrawTime; + var deqd = []; + var extent = r.cy.extent(); + var pixelRatio = r.getPixelRatio(); // if we aren't in a tick that causes a draw, then the rendered style + // queue won't automatically be flushed before dequeueing starts + + if (!willDraw) { + r.flushRenderedStyleQueue(); + } + + while (true) { + // eslint-disable-line no-constant-condition + var now = performanceNow(); + var duration = now - startTime; + var frameDuration = now - frameStartTime; + + if (renderTime < fullFpsTime) { + // if we're rendering faster than the ideal fps, then do dequeueing + // during all of the remaining frame time + var timeAvailable = fullFpsTime - (willDraw ? avgRenderTime : 0); + + if (frameDuration >= opts.deqFastCost * timeAvailable) { + break; + } + } else { + if (willDraw) { + if (duration >= opts.deqCost * renderTime || duration >= opts.deqAvgCost * avgRenderTime) { + break; + } + } else if (frameDuration >= opts.deqNoDrawCost * fullFpsTime) { + break; + } + } + + var thisDeqd = opts.deq(self, pixelRatio, extent); + + if (thisDeqd.length > 0) { + for (var i = 0; i < thisDeqd.length; i++) { + deqd.push(thisDeqd[i]); + } + } else { + break; + } + } // callbacks on dequeue + + + if (deqd.length > 0) { + opts.onDeqd(self, deqd); + + if (!willDraw && opts.shouldRedraw(self, deqd, pixelRatio, extent)) { + queueRedraw(); + } + } + }; + + var priority = opts.priority || noop$1; + r.beforeRender(dequeue, priority(self)); + }; + } +}; + +// Uses keys so elements may share the same cache. + +var ElementTextureCacheLookup = /*#__PURE__*/function () { + function ElementTextureCacheLookup(getKey) { + var doesEleInvalidateKey = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : falsify; + + _classCallCheck(this, ElementTextureCacheLookup); + + this.idsByKey = new Map$1(); + this.keyForId = new Map$1(); + this.cachesByLvl = new Map$1(); + this.lvls = []; + this.getKey = getKey; + this.doesEleInvalidateKey = doesEleInvalidateKey; + } + + _createClass(ElementTextureCacheLookup, [{ + key: "getIdsFor", + value: function getIdsFor(key) { + if (key == null) { + error("Can not get id list for null key"); + } + + var idsByKey = this.idsByKey; + var ids = this.idsByKey.get(key); + + if (!ids) { + ids = new Set$1(); + idsByKey.set(key, ids); + } + + return ids; + } + }, { + key: "addIdForKey", + value: function addIdForKey(key, id) { + if (key != null) { + this.getIdsFor(key).add(id); + } + } + }, { + key: "deleteIdForKey", + value: function deleteIdForKey(key, id) { + if (key != null) { + this.getIdsFor(key)["delete"](id); + } + } + }, { + key: "getNumberOfIdsForKey", + value: function getNumberOfIdsForKey(key) { + if (key == null) { + return 0; + } else { + return this.getIdsFor(key).size; + } + } + }, { + key: "updateKeyMappingFor", + value: function updateKeyMappingFor(ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + var prevKey = this.keyForId.get(id); + var currKey = this.getKey(ele); + this.deleteIdForKey(prevKey, id); + this.addIdForKey(currKey, id); + this.keyForId.set(id, currKey); + } + }, { + key: "deleteKeyMappingFor", + value: function deleteKeyMappingFor(ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + var prevKey = this.keyForId.get(id); + this.deleteIdForKey(prevKey, id); + this.keyForId["delete"](id); + } + }, { + key: "keyHasChangedFor", + value: function keyHasChangedFor(ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + var prevKey = this.keyForId.get(id); + var newKey = this.getKey(ele); + return prevKey !== newKey; + } + }, { + key: "isInvalid", + value: function isInvalid(ele) { + return this.keyHasChangedFor(ele) || this.doesEleInvalidateKey(ele); + } + }, { + key: "getCachesAt", + value: function getCachesAt(lvl) { + var cachesByLvl = this.cachesByLvl, + lvls = this.lvls; + var caches = cachesByLvl.get(lvl); + + if (!caches) { + caches = new Map$1(); + cachesByLvl.set(lvl, caches); + lvls.push(lvl); + } + + return caches; + } + }, { + key: "getCache", + value: function getCache(key, lvl) { + return this.getCachesAt(lvl).get(key); + } + }, { + key: "get", + value: function get(ele, lvl) { + var key = this.getKey(ele); + var cache = this.getCache(key, lvl); // getting for an element may need to add to the id list b/c eles can share keys + + if (cache != null) { + this.updateKeyMappingFor(ele); + } + + return cache; + } + }, { + key: "getForCachedKey", + value: function getForCachedKey(ele, lvl) { + var key = this.keyForId.get(ele.id()); // n.b. use cached key, not newly computed key + + var cache = this.getCache(key, lvl); + return cache; + } + }, { + key: "hasCache", + value: function hasCache(key, lvl) { + return this.getCachesAt(lvl).has(key); + } + }, { + key: "has", + value: function has(ele, lvl) { + var key = this.getKey(ele); + return this.hasCache(key, lvl); + } + }, { + key: "setCache", + value: function setCache(key, lvl, cache) { + cache.key = key; + this.getCachesAt(lvl).set(key, cache); + } + }, { + key: "set", + value: function set(ele, lvl, cache) { + var key = this.getKey(ele); + this.setCache(key, lvl, cache); + this.updateKeyMappingFor(ele); + } + }, { + key: "deleteCache", + value: function deleteCache(key, lvl) { + this.getCachesAt(lvl)["delete"](key); + } + }, { + key: "delete", + value: function _delete(ele, lvl) { + var key = this.getKey(ele); + this.deleteCache(key, lvl); + } + }, { + key: "invalidateKey", + value: function invalidateKey(key) { + var _this = this; + + this.lvls.forEach(function (lvl) { + return _this.deleteCache(key, lvl); + }); + } // returns true if no other eles reference the invalidated cache (n.b. other eles may need the cache with the same key) + + }, { + key: "invalidate", + value: function invalidate(ele) { + var id = ele.id(); + var key = this.keyForId.get(id); // n.b. use stored key rather than current (potential key) + + this.deleteKeyMappingFor(ele); + var entireKeyInvalidated = this.doesEleInvalidateKey(ele); + + if (entireKeyInvalidated) { + // clear mapping for current key + this.invalidateKey(key); + } + + return entireKeyInvalidated || this.getNumberOfIdsForKey(key) === 0; + } + }]); + + return ElementTextureCacheLookup; +}(); + +var minTxrH = 25; // the size of the texture cache for small height eles (special case) + +var txrStepH = 50; // the min size of the regular cache, and the size it increases with each step up + +var minLvl$1 = -4; // when scaling smaller than that we don't need to re-render + +var maxLvl$1 = 3; // when larger than this scale just render directly (caching is not helpful) + +var maxZoom$1 = 7.99; // beyond this zoom level, layered textures are not used + +var eleTxrSpacing = 8; // spacing between elements on textures to avoid blitting overlaps + +var defTxrWidth = 1024; // default/minimum texture width + +var maxTxrW = 1024; // the maximum width of a texture + +var maxTxrH = 1024; // the maximum height of a texture + +var minUtility = 0.2; // if usage of texture is less than this, it is retired + +var maxFullness = 0.8; // fullness of texture after which queue removal is checked + +var maxFullnessChecks = 10; // dequeued after this many checks + +var deqCost$1 = 0.15; // % of add'l rendering cost allowed for dequeuing ele caches each frame + +var deqAvgCost$1 = 0.1; // % of add'l rendering cost compared to average overall redraw time + +var deqNoDrawCost$1 = 0.9; // % of avg frame time that can be used for dequeueing when not drawing + +var deqFastCost$1 = 0.9; // % of frame time to be used when >60fps + +var deqRedrawThreshold$1 = 100; // time to batch redraws together from dequeueing to allow more dequeueing calcs to happen in the meanwhile + +var maxDeqSize$1 = 1; // number of eles to dequeue and render at higher texture in each batch + +var getTxrReasons = { + dequeue: 'dequeue', + downscale: 'downscale', + highQuality: 'highQuality' +}; +var initDefaults = defaults$g({ + getKey: null, + doesEleInvalidateKey: falsify, + drawElement: null, + getBoundingBox: null, + getRotationPoint: null, + getRotationOffset: null, + isVisible: trueify, + allowEdgeTxrCaching: true, + allowParentTxrCaching: true +}); + +var ElementTextureCache = function ElementTextureCache(renderer, initOptions) { + var self = this; + self.renderer = renderer; + self.onDequeues = []; + var opts = initDefaults(initOptions); + extend(self, opts); + self.lookup = new ElementTextureCacheLookup(opts.getKey, opts.doesEleInvalidateKey); + self.setupDequeueing(); +}; + +var ETCp = ElementTextureCache.prototype; +ETCp.reasons = getTxrReasons; // the list of textures in which new subtextures for elements can be placed + +ETCp.getTextureQueue = function (txrH) { + var self = this; + self.eleImgCaches = self.eleImgCaches || {}; + return self.eleImgCaches[txrH] = self.eleImgCaches[txrH] || []; +}; // the list of usused textures which can be recycled (in use in texture queue) + + +ETCp.getRetiredTextureQueue = function (txrH) { + var self = this; + var rtxtrQs = self.eleImgCaches.retired = self.eleImgCaches.retired || {}; + var rtxtrQ = rtxtrQs[txrH] = rtxtrQs[txrH] || []; + return rtxtrQ; +}; // queue of element draw requests at different scale levels + + +ETCp.getElementQueue = function () { + var self = this; + var q = self.eleCacheQueue = self.eleCacheQueue || new Heap__default["default"](function (a, b) { + return b.reqs - a.reqs; + }); + return q; +}; // queue of element draw requests at different scale levels (element id lookup) + + +ETCp.getElementKeyToQueue = function () { + var self = this; + var k2q = self.eleKeyToCacheQueue = self.eleKeyToCacheQueue || {}; + return k2q; +}; + +ETCp.getElement = function (ele, bb, pxRatio, lvl, reason) { + var self = this; + var r = this.renderer; + var zoom = r.cy.zoom(); + var lookup = this.lookup; + + if (!bb || bb.w === 0 || bb.h === 0 || isNaN(bb.w) || isNaN(bb.h) || !ele.visible() || ele.removed()) { + return null; + } + + if (!self.allowEdgeTxrCaching && ele.isEdge() || !self.allowParentTxrCaching && ele.isParent()) { + return null; + } + + if (lvl == null) { + lvl = Math.ceil(log2(zoom * pxRatio)); + } + + if (lvl < minLvl$1) { + lvl = minLvl$1; + } else if (zoom >= maxZoom$1 || lvl > maxLvl$1) { + return null; + } + + var scale = Math.pow(2, lvl); + var eleScaledH = bb.h * scale; + var eleScaledW = bb.w * scale; + var scaledLabelShown = r.eleTextBiggerThanMin(ele, scale); + + if (!this.isVisible(ele, scaledLabelShown)) { + return null; + } + + var eleCache = lookup.get(ele, lvl); // if this get was on an unused/invalidated cache, then restore the texture usage metric + + if (eleCache && eleCache.invalidated) { + eleCache.invalidated = false; + eleCache.texture.invalidatedWidth -= eleCache.width; + } + + if (eleCache) { + return eleCache; + } + + var txrH; // which texture height this ele belongs to + + if (eleScaledH <= minTxrH) { + txrH = minTxrH; + } else if (eleScaledH <= txrStepH) { + txrH = txrStepH; + } else { + txrH = Math.ceil(eleScaledH / txrStepH) * txrStepH; + } + + if (eleScaledH > maxTxrH || eleScaledW > maxTxrW) { + return null; // caching large elements is not efficient + } + + var txrQ = self.getTextureQueue(txrH); // first try the second last one in case it has space at the end + + var txr = txrQ[txrQ.length - 2]; + + var addNewTxr = function addNewTxr() { + return self.recycleTexture(txrH, eleScaledW) || self.addTexture(txrH, eleScaledW); + }; // try the last one if there is no second last one + + + if (!txr) { + txr = txrQ[txrQ.length - 1]; + } // if the last one doesn't exist, we need a first one + + + if (!txr) { + txr = addNewTxr(); + } // if there's no room in the current texture, we need a new one + + + if (txr.width - txr.usedWidth < eleScaledW) { + txr = addNewTxr(); + } + + var scalableFrom = function scalableFrom(otherCache) { + return otherCache && otherCache.scaledLabelShown === scaledLabelShown; + }; + + var deqing = reason && reason === getTxrReasons.dequeue; + var highQualityReq = reason && reason === getTxrReasons.highQuality; + var downscaleReq = reason && reason === getTxrReasons.downscale; + var higherCache; // the nearest cache with a higher level + + for (var l = lvl + 1; l <= maxLvl$1; l++) { + var c = lookup.get(ele, l); + + if (c) { + higherCache = c; + break; + } + } + + var oneUpCache = higherCache && higherCache.level === lvl + 1 ? higherCache : null; + + var downscale = function downscale() { + txr.context.drawImage(oneUpCache.texture.canvas, oneUpCache.x, 0, oneUpCache.width, oneUpCache.height, txr.usedWidth, 0, eleScaledW, eleScaledH); + }; // reset ele area in texture + + + txr.context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + txr.context.clearRect(txr.usedWidth, 0, eleScaledW, txrH); + + if (scalableFrom(oneUpCache)) { + // then we can relatively cheaply rescale the existing image w/o rerendering + downscale(); + } else if (scalableFrom(higherCache)) { + // then use the higher cache for now and queue the next level down + // to cheaply scale towards the smaller level + if (highQualityReq) { + for (var _l = higherCache.level; _l > lvl; _l--) { + oneUpCache = self.getElement(ele, bb, pxRatio, _l, getTxrReasons.downscale); + } + + downscale(); + } else { + self.queueElement(ele, higherCache.level - 1); + return higherCache; + } + } else { + var lowerCache; // the nearest cache with a lower level + + if (!deqing && !highQualityReq && !downscaleReq) { + for (var _l2 = lvl - 1; _l2 >= minLvl$1; _l2--) { + var _c = lookup.get(ele, _l2); + + if (_c) { + lowerCache = _c; + break; + } + } + } + + if (scalableFrom(lowerCache)) { + // then use the lower quality cache for now and queue the better one for later + self.queueElement(ele, lvl); + return lowerCache; + } + + txr.context.translate(txr.usedWidth, 0); + txr.context.scale(scale, scale); + this.drawElement(txr.context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, false); + txr.context.scale(1 / scale, 1 / scale); + txr.context.translate(-txr.usedWidth, 0); + } + + eleCache = { + x: txr.usedWidth, + texture: txr, + level: lvl, + scale: scale, + width: eleScaledW, + height: eleScaledH, + scaledLabelShown: scaledLabelShown + }; + txr.usedWidth += Math.ceil(eleScaledW + eleTxrSpacing); + txr.eleCaches.push(eleCache); + lookup.set(ele, lvl, eleCache); + self.checkTextureFullness(txr); + return eleCache; +}; + +ETCp.invalidateElements = function (eles) { + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + this.invalidateElement(eles[i]); + } +}; + +ETCp.invalidateElement = function (ele) { + var self = this; + var lookup = self.lookup; + var caches = []; + var invalid = lookup.isInvalid(ele); + + if (!invalid) { + return; // override the invalidation request if the element key has not changed + } + + for (var lvl = minLvl$1; lvl <= maxLvl$1; lvl++) { + var cache = lookup.getForCachedKey(ele, lvl); + + if (cache) { + caches.push(cache); + } + } + + var noOtherElesUseCache = lookup.invalidate(ele); + + if (noOtherElesUseCache) { + for (var i = 0; i < caches.length; i++) { + var _cache = caches[i]; + var txr = _cache.texture; // remove space from the texture it belongs to + + txr.invalidatedWidth += _cache.width; // mark the cache as invalidated + + _cache.invalidated = true; // retire the texture if its utility is low + + self.checkTextureUtility(txr); + } + } // remove from queue since the old req was for the old state + + + self.removeFromQueue(ele); +}; + +ETCp.checkTextureUtility = function (txr) { + // invalidate all entries in the cache if the cache size is small + if (txr.invalidatedWidth >= minUtility * txr.width) { + this.retireTexture(txr); + } +}; + +ETCp.checkTextureFullness = function (txr) { + // if texture has been mostly filled and passed over several times, remove + // it from the queue so we don't need to waste time looking at it to put new things + var self = this; + var txrQ = self.getTextureQueue(txr.height); + + if (txr.usedWidth / txr.width > maxFullness && txr.fullnessChecks >= maxFullnessChecks) { + removeFromArray(txrQ, txr); + } else { + txr.fullnessChecks++; + } +}; + +ETCp.retireTexture = function (txr) { + var self = this; + var txrH = txr.height; + var txrQ = self.getTextureQueue(txrH); + var lookup = this.lookup; // retire the texture from the active / searchable queue: + + removeFromArray(txrQ, txr); + txr.retired = true; // remove the refs from the eles to the caches: + + var eleCaches = txr.eleCaches; + + for (var i = 0; i < eleCaches.length; i++) { + var eleCache = eleCaches[i]; + lookup.deleteCache(eleCache.key, eleCache.level); + } + + clearArray(eleCaches); // add the texture to a retired queue so it can be recycled in future: + + var rtxtrQ = self.getRetiredTextureQueue(txrH); + rtxtrQ.push(txr); +}; + +ETCp.addTexture = function (txrH, minW) { + var self = this; + var txrQ = self.getTextureQueue(txrH); + var txr = {}; + txrQ.push(txr); + txr.eleCaches = []; + txr.height = txrH; + txr.width = Math.max(defTxrWidth, minW); + txr.usedWidth = 0; + txr.invalidatedWidth = 0; + txr.fullnessChecks = 0; + txr.canvas = self.renderer.makeOffscreenCanvas(txr.width, txr.height); + txr.context = txr.canvas.getContext('2d'); + return txr; +}; + +ETCp.recycleTexture = function (txrH, minW) { + var self = this; + var txrQ = self.getTextureQueue(txrH); + var rtxtrQ = self.getRetiredTextureQueue(txrH); + + for (var i = 0; i < rtxtrQ.length; i++) { + var txr = rtxtrQ[i]; + + if (txr.width >= minW) { + txr.retired = false; + txr.usedWidth = 0; + txr.invalidatedWidth = 0; + txr.fullnessChecks = 0; + clearArray(txr.eleCaches); + txr.context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + txr.context.clearRect(0, 0, txr.width, txr.height); + removeFromArray(rtxtrQ, txr); + txrQ.push(txr); + return txr; + } + } +}; + +ETCp.queueElement = function (ele, lvl) { + var self = this; + var q = self.getElementQueue(); + var k2q = self.getElementKeyToQueue(); + var key = this.getKey(ele); + var existingReq = k2q[key]; + + if (existingReq) { + // use the max lvl b/c in between lvls are cheap to make + existingReq.level = Math.max(existingReq.level, lvl); + existingReq.eles.merge(ele); + existingReq.reqs++; + q.updateItem(existingReq); + } else { + var req = { + eles: ele.spawn().merge(ele), + level: lvl, + reqs: 1, + key: key + }; + q.push(req); + k2q[key] = req; + } +}; + +ETCp.dequeue = function (pxRatio +/*, extent*/ +) { + var self = this; + var q = self.getElementQueue(); + var k2q = self.getElementKeyToQueue(); + var dequeued = []; + var lookup = self.lookup; + + for (var i = 0; i < maxDeqSize$1; i++) { + if (q.size() > 0) { + var req = q.pop(); + var key = req.key; + var ele = req.eles[0]; // all eles have the same key + + var cacheExists = lookup.hasCache(ele, req.level); // clear out the key to req lookup + + k2q[key] = null; // dequeueing isn't necessary with an existing cache + + if (cacheExists) { + continue; + } + + dequeued.push(req); + var bb = self.getBoundingBox(ele); + self.getElement(ele, bb, pxRatio, req.level, getTxrReasons.dequeue); + } else { + break; + } + } + + return dequeued; +}; + +ETCp.removeFromQueue = function (ele) { + var self = this; + var q = self.getElementQueue(); + var k2q = self.getElementKeyToQueue(); + var key = this.getKey(ele); + var req = k2q[key]; + + if (req != null) { + if (req.eles.length === 1) { + // remove if last ele in the req + // bring to front of queue + req.reqs = MAX_INT$1; + q.updateItem(req); + q.pop(); // remove from queue + + k2q[key] = null; // remove from lookup map + } else { + // otherwise just remove ele from req + req.eles.unmerge(ele); + } + } +}; + +ETCp.onDequeue = function (fn) { + this.onDequeues.push(fn); +}; + +ETCp.offDequeue = function (fn) { + removeFromArray(this.onDequeues, fn); +}; + +ETCp.setupDequeueing = defs.setupDequeueing({ + deqRedrawThreshold: deqRedrawThreshold$1, + deqCost: deqCost$1, + deqAvgCost: deqAvgCost$1, + deqNoDrawCost: deqNoDrawCost$1, + deqFastCost: deqFastCost$1, + deq: function deq(self, pxRatio, extent) { + return self.dequeue(pxRatio, extent); + }, + onDeqd: function onDeqd(self, deqd) { + for (var i = 0; i < self.onDequeues.length; i++) { + var fn = self.onDequeues[i]; + fn(deqd); + } + }, + shouldRedraw: function shouldRedraw(self, deqd, pxRatio, extent) { + for (var i = 0; i < deqd.length; i++) { + var eles = deqd[i].eles; + + for (var j = 0; j < eles.length; j++) { + var bb = eles[j].boundingBox(); + + if (boundingBoxesIntersect(bb, extent)) { + return true; + } + } + } + + return false; + }, + priority: function priority(self) { + return self.renderer.beforeRenderPriorities.eleTxrDeq; + } +}); + +var defNumLayers = 1; // default number of layers to use + +var minLvl = -4; // when scaling smaller than that we don't need to re-render + +var maxLvl = 2; // when larger than this scale just render directly (caching is not helpful) + +var maxZoom = 3.99; // beyond this zoom level, layered textures are not used + +var deqRedrawThreshold = 50; // time to batch redraws together from dequeueing to allow more dequeueing calcs to happen in the meanwhile + +var refineEleDebounceTime = 50; // time to debounce sharper ele texture updates + +var deqCost = 0.15; // % of add'l rendering cost allowed for dequeuing ele caches each frame + +var deqAvgCost = 0.1; // % of add'l rendering cost compared to average overall redraw time + +var deqNoDrawCost = 0.9; // % of avg frame time that can be used for dequeueing when not drawing + +var deqFastCost = 0.9; // % of frame time to be used when >60fps + +var maxDeqSize = 1; // number of eles to dequeue and render at higher texture in each batch + +var invalidThreshold = 250; // time threshold for disabling b/c of invalidations + +var maxLayerArea = 4000 * 4000; // layers can't be bigger than this + +var useHighQualityEleTxrReqs = true; // whether to use high quality ele txr requests (generally faster and cheaper in the longterm) +// var log = function(){ console.log.apply( console, arguments ); }; + +var LayeredTextureCache = function LayeredTextureCache(renderer) { + var self = this; + var r = self.renderer = renderer; + var cy = r.cy; + self.layersByLevel = {}; // e.g. 2 => [ layer1, layer2, ..., layerN ] + + self.firstGet = true; + self.lastInvalidationTime = performanceNow() - 2 * invalidThreshold; + self.skipping = false; + self.eleTxrDeqs = cy.collection(); + self.scheduleElementRefinement = debounce__default["default"](function () { + self.refineElementTextures(self.eleTxrDeqs); + self.eleTxrDeqs.unmerge(self.eleTxrDeqs); + }, refineEleDebounceTime); + r.beforeRender(function (willDraw, now) { + if (now - self.lastInvalidationTime <= invalidThreshold) { + self.skipping = true; + } else { + self.skipping = false; + } + }, r.beforeRenderPriorities.lyrTxrSkip); + + var qSort = function qSort(a, b) { + return b.reqs - a.reqs; + }; + + self.layersQueue = new Heap__default["default"](qSort); + self.setupDequeueing(); +}; + +var LTCp = LayeredTextureCache.prototype; +var layerIdPool = 0; +var MAX_INT = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1; + +LTCp.makeLayer = function (bb, lvl) { + var scale = Math.pow(2, lvl); + var w = Math.ceil(bb.w * scale); + var h = Math.ceil(bb.h * scale); + var canvas = this.renderer.makeOffscreenCanvas(w, h); + var layer = { + id: layerIdPool = ++layerIdPool % MAX_INT, + bb: bb, + level: lvl, + width: w, + height: h, + canvas: canvas, + context: canvas.getContext('2d'), + eles: [], + elesQueue: [], + reqs: 0 + }; // log('make layer %s with w %s and h %s and lvl %s', layer.id, layer.width, layer.height, layer.level); + + var cxt = layer.context; + var dx = -layer.bb.x1; + var dy = -layer.bb.y1; // do the transform on creation to save cycles (it's the same for all eles) + + cxt.scale(scale, scale); + cxt.translate(dx, dy); + return layer; +}; + +LTCp.getLayers = function (eles, pxRatio, lvl) { + var self = this; + var r = self.renderer; + var cy = r.cy; + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var firstGet = self.firstGet; + self.firstGet = false; // log('--\nget layers with %s eles', eles.length); + //log eles.map(function(ele){ return ele.id() }) ); + + if (lvl == null) { + lvl = Math.ceil(log2(zoom * pxRatio)); + + if (lvl < minLvl) { + lvl = minLvl; + } else if (zoom >= maxZoom || lvl > maxLvl) { + return null; + } + } + + self.validateLayersElesOrdering(lvl, eles); + var layersByLvl = self.layersByLevel; + var scale = Math.pow(2, lvl); + var layers = layersByLvl[lvl] = layersByLvl[lvl] || []; + var bb; + var lvlComplete = self.levelIsComplete(lvl, eles); + var tmpLayers; + + var checkTempLevels = function checkTempLevels() { + var canUseAsTmpLvl = function canUseAsTmpLvl(l) { + self.validateLayersElesOrdering(l, eles); + + if (self.levelIsComplete(l, eles)) { + tmpLayers = layersByLvl[l]; + return true; + } + }; + + var checkLvls = function checkLvls(dir) { + if (tmpLayers) { + return; + } + + for (var l = lvl + dir; minLvl <= l && l <= maxLvl; l += dir) { + if (canUseAsTmpLvl(l)) { + break; + } + } + }; + + checkLvls(+1); + checkLvls(-1); // remove the invalid layers; they will be replaced as needed later in this function + + for (var i = layers.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var layer = layers[i]; + + if (layer.invalid) { + removeFromArray(layers, layer); + } + } + }; + + if (!lvlComplete) { + // if the current level is incomplete, then use the closest, best quality layerset temporarily + // and later queue the current layerset so we can get the proper quality level soon + checkTempLevels(); + } else { + // log('level complete, using existing layers\n--'); + return layers; + } + + var getBb = function getBb() { + if (!bb) { + bb = makeBoundingBox(); + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + updateBoundingBox(bb, eles[i].boundingBox()); + } + } + + return bb; + }; + + var makeLayer = function makeLayer(opts) { + opts = opts || {}; + var after = opts.after; + getBb(); + var area = bb.w * scale * (bb.h * scale); + + if (area > maxLayerArea) { + return null; + } + + var layer = self.makeLayer(bb, lvl); + + if (after != null) { + var index = layers.indexOf(after) + 1; + layers.splice(index, 0, layer); + } else if (opts.insert === undefined || opts.insert) { + // no after specified => first layer made so put at start + layers.unshift(layer); + } // if( tmpLayers ){ + //self.queueLayer( layer ); + // } + + + return layer; + }; + + if (self.skipping && !firstGet) { + // log('skip layers'); + return null; + } // log('do layers'); + + + var layer = null; + var maxElesPerLayer = eles.length / defNumLayers; + var allowLazyQueueing = !firstGet; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + var rs = ele._private.rscratch; + var caches = rs.imgLayerCaches = rs.imgLayerCaches || {}; // log('look at ele', ele.id()); + + var existingLayer = caches[lvl]; + + if (existingLayer) { + // reuse layer for later eles + // log('reuse layer for', ele.id()); + layer = existingLayer; + continue; + } + + if (!layer || layer.eles.length >= maxElesPerLayer || !boundingBoxInBoundingBox(layer.bb, ele.boundingBox())) { + // log('make new layer for ele %s', ele.id()); + layer = makeLayer({ + insert: true, + after: layer + }); // if now layer can be built then we can't use layers at this level + + if (!layer) { + return null; + } // log('new layer with id %s', layer.id); + + } + + if (tmpLayers || allowLazyQueueing) { + // log('queue ele %s in layer %s', ele.id(), layer.id); + self.queueLayer(layer, ele); + } else { + // log('draw ele %s in layer %s', ele.id(), layer.id); + self.drawEleInLayer(layer, ele, lvl, pxRatio); + } + + layer.eles.push(ele); + caches[lvl] = layer; + } // log('--'); + + + if (tmpLayers) { + // then we only queued the current layerset and can't draw it yet + return tmpLayers; + } + + if (allowLazyQueueing) { + // log('lazy queue level', lvl); + return null; + } + + return layers; +}; // a layer may want to use an ele cache of a higher level to avoid blurriness +// so the layer level might not equal the ele level + + +LTCp.getEleLevelForLayerLevel = function (lvl, pxRatio) { + return lvl; +}; + +LTCp.drawEleInLayer = function (layer, ele, lvl, pxRatio) { + var self = this; + var r = this.renderer; + var context = layer.context; + var bb = ele.boundingBox(); + + if (bb.w === 0 || bb.h === 0 || !ele.visible()) { + return; + } + + lvl = self.getEleLevelForLayerLevel(lvl, pxRatio); + + { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, false); + } + + { + r.drawCachedElement(context, ele, null, null, lvl, useHighQualityEleTxrReqs); + } + + { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, true); + } +}; + +LTCp.levelIsComplete = function (lvl, eles) { + var self = this; + var layers = self.layersByLevel[lvl]; + + if (!layers || layers.length === 0) { + return false; + } + + var numElesInLayers = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < layers.length; i++) { + var layer = layers[i]; // if there are any eles needed to be drawn yet, the level is not complete + + if (layer.reqs > 0) { + return false; + } // if the layer is invalid, the level is not complete + + + if (layer.invalid) { + return false; + } + + numElesInLayers += layer.eles.length; + } // we should have exactly the number of eles passed in to be complete + + + if (numElesInLayers !== eles.length) { + return false; + } + + return true; +}; + +LTCp.validateLayersElesOrdering = function (lvl, eles) { + var layers = this.layersByLevel[lvl]; + + if (!layers) { + return; + } // if in a layer the eles are not in the same order, then the layer is invalid + // (i.e. there is an ele in between the eles in the layer) + + + for (var i = 0; i < layers.length; i++) { + var layer = layers[i]; + var offset = -1; // find the offset + + for (var j = 0; j < eles.length; j++) { + if (layer.eles[0] === eles[j]) { + offset = j; + break; + } + } + + if (offset < 0) { + // then the layer has nonexistant elements and is invalid + this.invalidateLayer(layer); + continue; + } // the eles in the layer must be in the same continuous order, else the layer is invalid + + + var o = offset; + + for (var j = 0; j < layer.eles.length; j++) { + if (layer.eles[j] !== eles[o + j]) { + // log('invalidate based on ordering', layer.id); + this.invalidateLayer(layer); + break; + } + } + } +}; + +LTCp.updateElementsInLayers = function (eles, update) { + var self = this; + var isEles = element(eles[0]); // collect udpated elements (cascaded from the layers) and update each + // layer itself along the way + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var req = isEles ? null : eles[i]; + var ele = isEles ? eles[i] : eles[i].ele; + var rs = ele._private.rscratch; + var caches = rs.imgLayerCaches = rs.imgLayerCaches || {}; + + for (var l = minLvl; l <= maxLvl; l++) { + var layer = caches[l]; + + if (!layer) { + continue; + } // if update is a request from the ele cache, then it affects only + // the matching level + + + if (req && self.getEleLevelForLayerLevel(layer.level) !== req.level) { + continue; + } + + update(layer, ele, req); + } + } +}; + +LTCp.haveLayers = function () { + var self = this; + var haveLayers = false; + + for (var l = minLvl; l <= maxLvl; l++) { + var layers = self.layersByLevel[l]; + + if (layers && layers.length > 0) { + haveLayers = true; + break; + } + } + + return haveLayers; +}; + +LTCp.invalidateElements = function (eles) { + var self = this; + + if (eles.length === 0) { + return; + } + + self.lastInvalidationTime = performanceNow(); // log('update invalidate layer time from eles'); + + if (eles.length === 0 || !self.haveLayers()) { + return; + } + + self.updateElementsInLayers(eles, function invalAssocLayers(layer, ele, req) { + self.invalidateLayer(layer); + }); +}; + +LTCp.invalidateLayer = function (layer) { + // log('update invalidate layer time'); + this.lastInvalidationTime = performanceNow(); + + if (layer.invalid) { + return; + } // save cycles + + + var lvl = layer.level; + var eles = layer.eles; + var layers = this.layersByLevel[lvl]; // log('invalidate layer', layer.id ); + + removeFromArray(layers, layer); // layer.eles = []; + + layer.elesQueue = []; + layer.invalid = true; + + if (layer.replacement) { + layer.replacement.invalid = true; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var caches = eles[i]._private.rscratch.imgLayerCaches; + + if (caches) { + caches[lvl] = null; + } + } +}; + +LTCp.refineElementTextures = function (eles) { + var self = this; // log('refine', eles.length); + + self.updateElementsInLayers(eles, function refineEachEle(layer, ele, req) { + var rLyr = layer.replacement; + + if (!rLyr) { + rLyr = layer.replacement = self.makeLayer(layer.bb, layer.level); + rLyr.replaces = layer; + rLyr.eles = layer.eles; // log('make replacement layer %s for %s with level %s', rLyr.id, layer.id, rLyr.level); + } + + if (!rLyr.reqs) { + for (var i = 0; i < rLyr.eles.length; i++) { + self.queueLayer(rLyr, rLyr.eles[i]); + } // log('queue replacement layer refinement', rLyr.id); + + } + }); +}; + +LTCp.enqueueElementRefinement = function (ele) { + + this.eleTxrDeqs.merge(ele); + this.scheduleElementRefinement(); +}; + +LTCp.queueLayer = function (layer, ele) { + var self = this; + var q = self.layersQueue; + var elesQ = layer.elesQueue; + var hasId = elesQ.hasId = elesQ.hasId || {}; // if a layer is going to be replaced, queuing is a waste of time + + if (layer.replacement) { + return; + } + + if (ele) { + if (hasId[ele.id()]) { + return; + } + + elesQ.push(ele); + hasId[ele.id()] = true; + } + + if (layer.reqs) { + layer.reqs++; + q.updateItem(layer); + } else { + layer.reqs = 1; + q.push(layer); + } +}; + +LTCp.dequeue = function (pxRatio) { + var self = this; + var q = self.layersQueue; + var deqd = []; + var eleDeqs = 0; + + while (eleDeqs < maxDeqSize) { + if (q.size() === 0) { + break; + } + + var layer = q.peek(); // if a layer has been or will be replaced, then don't waste time with it + + if (layer.replacement) { + // log('layer %s in queue skipped b/c it already has a replacement', layer.id); + q.pop(); + continue; + } // if this is a replacement layer that has been superceded, then forget it + + + if (layer.replaces && layer !== layer.replaces.replacement) { + // log('layer is no longer the most uptodate replacement; dequeued', layer.id) + q.pop(); + continue; + } + + if (layer.invalid) { + // log('replacement layer %s is invalid; dequeued', layer.id); + q.pop(); + continue; + } + + var ele = layer.elesQueue.shift(); + + if (ele) { + // log('dequeue layer %s', layer.id); + self.drawEleInLayer(layer, ele, layer.level, pxRatio); + eleDeqs++; + } + + if (deqd.length === 0) { + // we need only one entry in deqd to queue redrawing etc + deqd.push(true); + } // if the layer has all its eles done, then remove from the queue + + + if (layer.elesQueue.length === 0) { + q.pop(); + layer.reqs = 0; // log('dequeue of layer %s complete', layer.id); + // when a replacement layer is dequeued, it replaces the old layer in the level + + if (layer.replaces) { + self.applyLayerReplacement(layer); + } + + self.requestRedraw(); + } + } + + return deqd; +}; + +LTCp.applyLayerReplacement = function (layer) { + var self = this; + var layersInLevel = self.layersByLevel[layer.level]; + var replaced = layer.replaces; + var index = layersInLevel.indexOf(replaced); // if the replaced layer is not in the active list for the level, then replacing + // refs would be a mistake (i.e. overwriting the true active layer) + + if (index < 0 || replaced.invalid) { + // log('replacement layer would have no effect', layer.id); + return; + } + + layersInLevel[index] = layer; // replace level ref + // replace refs in eles + + for (var i = 0; i < layer.eles.length; i++) { + var _p = layer.eles[i]._private; + var cache = _p.imgLayerCaches = _p.imgLayerCaches || {}; + + if (cache) { + cache[layer.level] = layer; + } + } // log('apply replacement layer %s over %s', layer.id, replaced.id); + + + self.requestRedraw(); +}; + +LTCp.requestRedraw = debounce__default["default"](function () { + var r = this.renderer; + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + r.redraw(); +}, 100); +LTCp.setupDequeueing = defs.setupDequeueing({ + deqRedrawThreshold: deqRedrawThreshold, + deqCost: deqCost, + deqAvgCost: deqAvgCost, + deqNoDrawCost: deqNoDrawCost, + deqFastCost: deqFastCost, + deq: function deq(self, pxRatio) { + return self.dequeue(pxRatio); + }, + onDeqd: noop$1, + shouldRedraw: trueify, + priority: function priority(self) { + return self.renderer.beforeRenderPriorities.lyrTxrDeq; + } +}); + +var CRp$a = {}; +var impl; + +function polygon(context, points) { + for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) { + var pt = points[i]; + context.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y); + } +} + +function triangleBackcurve(context, points, controlPoint) { + var firstPt; + + for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) { + var pt = points[i]; + + if (i === 0) { + firstPt = pt; + } + + context.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y); + } + + context.quadraticCurveTo(controlPoint.x, controlPoint.y, firstPt.x, firstPt.y); +} + +function triangleTee(context, trianglePoints, teePoints) { + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + var triPts = trianglePoints; + + for (var i = 0; i < triPts.length; i++) { + var pt = triPts[i]; + context.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y); + } + + var teePts = teePoints; + var firstTeePt = teePoints[0]; + context.moveTo(firstTeePt.x, firstTeePt.y); + + for (var i = 1; i < teePts.length; i++) { + var pt = teePts[i]; + context.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y); + } + + if (context.closePath) { + context.closePath(); + } +} + +function circleTriangle(context, trianglePoints, rx, ry, r) { + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + context.arc(rx, ry, r, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); + var triPts = trianglePoints; + var firstTrPt = triPts[0]; + context.moveTo(firstTrPt.x, firstTrPt.y); + + for (var i = 0; i < triPts.length; i++) { + var pt = triPts[i]; + context.lineTo(pt.x, pt.y); + } + + if (context.closePath) { + context.closePath(); + } +} + +function circle(context, rx, ry, r) { + context.arc(rx, ry, r, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); +} + +CRp$a.arrowShapeImpl = function (name) { + return (impl || (impl = { + 'polygon': polygon, + 'triangle-backcurve': triangleBackcurve, + 'triangle-tee': triangleTee, + 'circle-triangle': circleTriangle, + 'triangle-cross': triangleTee, + 'circle': circle + }))[name]; +}; + +var CRp$9 = {}; + +CRp$9.drawElement = function (context, ele, shiftToOriginWithBb, showLabel, showOverlay, showOpacity) { + var r = this; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + r.drawNode(context, ele, shiftToOriginWithBb, showLabel, showOverlay, showOpacity); + } else { + r.drawEdge(context, ele, shiftToOriginWithBb, showLabel, showOverlay, showOpacity); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawElementOverlay = function (context, ele) { + var r = this; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + r.drawNodeOverlay(context, ele); + } else { + r.drawEdgeOverlay(context, ele); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawElementUnderlay = function (context, ele) { + var r = this; + + if (ele.isNode()) { + r.drawNodeUnderlay(context, ele); + } else { + r.drawEdgeUnderlay(context, ele); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawCachedElementPortion = function (context, ele, eleTxrCache, pxRatio, lvl, reason, getRotation, getOpacity) { + var r = this; + var bb = eleTxrCache.getBoundingBox(ele); + + if (bb.w === 0 || bb.h === 0) { + return; + } // ignore zero size case + + + var eleCache = eleTxrCache.getElement(ele, bb, pxRatio, lvl, reason); + + if (eleCache != null) { + var opacity = getOpacity(r, ele); + + if (opacity === 0) { + return; + } + + var theta = getRotation(r, ele); + var x1 = bb.x1, + y1 = bb.y1, + w = bb.w, + h = bb.h; + var x, y, sx, sy, smooth; + + if (theta !== 0) { + var rotPt = eleTxrCache.getRotationPoint(ele); + sx = rotPt.x; + sy = rotPt.y; + context.translate(sx, sy); + context.rotate(theta); + smooth = r.getImgSmoothing(context); + + if (!smooth) { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, true); + } + + var off = eleTxrCache.getRotationOffset(ele); + x = off.x; + y = off.y; + } else { + x = x1; + y = y1; + } + + var oldGlobalAlpha; + + if (opacity !== 1) { + oldGlobalAlpha = context.globalAlpha; + context.globalAlpha = oldGlobalAlpha * opacity; + } + + context.drawImage(eleCache.texture.canvas, eleCache.x, 0, eleCache.width, eleCache.height, x, y, w, h); + + if (opacity !== 1) { + context.globalAlpha = oldGlobalAlpha; + } + + if (theta !== 0) { + context.rotate(-theta); + context.translate(-sx, -sy); + + if (!smooth) { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, false); + } + } + } else { + eleTxrCache.drawElement(context, ele); // direct draw fallback + } +}; + +var getZeroRotation = function getZeroRotation() { + return 0; +}; + +var getLabelRotation = function getLabelRotation(r, ele) { + return r.getTextAngle(ele, null); +}; + +var getSourceLabelRotation = function getSourceLabelRotation(r, ele) { + return r.getTextAngle(ele, 'source'); +}; + +var getTargetLabelRotation = function getTargetLabelRotation(r, ele) { + return r.getTextAngle(ele, 'target'); +}; + +var getOpacity = function getOpacity(r, ele) { + return ele.effectiveOpacity(); +}; + +var getTextOpacity = function getTextOpacity(e, ele) { + return ele.pstyle('text-opacity').pfValue * ele.effectiveOpacity(); +}; + +CRp$9.drawCachedElement = function (context, ele, pxRatio, extent, lvl, requestHighQuality) { + var r = this; + var _r$data = r.data, + eleTxrCache = _r$data.eleTxrCache, + lblTxrCache = _r$data.lblTxrCache, + slbTxrCache = _r$data.slbTxrCache, + tlbTxrCache = _r$data.tlbTxrCache; + var bb = ele.boundingBox(); + var reason = requestHighQuality === true ? eleTxrCache.reasons.highQuality : null; + + if (bb.w === 0 || bb.h === 0 || !ele.visible()) { + return; + } + + if (!extent || boundingBoxesIntersect(bb, extent)) { + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + + var badLine = ele.element()._private.rscratch.badLine; + + r.drawElementUnderlay(context, ele); + r.drawCachedElementPortion(context, ele, eleTxrCache, pxRatio, lvl, reason, getZeroRotation, getOpacity); + + if (!isEdge || !badLine) { + r.drawCachedElementPortion(context, ele, lblTxrCache, pxRatio, lvl, reason, getLabelRotation, getTextOpacity); + } + + if (isEdge && !badLine) { + r.drawCachedElementPortion(context, ele, slbTxrCache, pxRatio, lvl, reason, getSourceLabelRotation, getTextOpacity); + r.drawCachedElementPortion(context, ele, tlbTxrCache, pxRatio, lvl, reason, getTargetLabelRotation, getTextOpacity); + } + + r.drawElementOverlay(context, ele); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawElements = function (context, eles) { + var r = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + r.drawElement(context, ele); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawCachedElements = function (context, eles, pxRatio, extent) { + var r = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + r.drawCachedElement(context, ele, pxRatio, extent); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawCachedNodes = function (context, eles, pxRatio, extent) { + var r = this; + + for (var i = 0; i < eles.length; i++) { + var ele = eles[i]; + + if (!ele.isNode()) { + continue; + } + + r.drawCachedElement(context, ele, pxRatio, extent); + } +}; + +CRp$9.drawLayeredElements = function (context, eles, pxRatio, extent) { + var r = this; + var layers = r.data.lyrTxrCache.getLayers(eles, pxRatio); + + if (layers) { + for (var i = 0; i < layers.length; i++) { + var layer = layers[i]; + var bb = layer.bb; + + if (bb.w === 0 || bb.h === 0) { + continue; + } + + context.drawImage(layer.canvas, bb.x1, bb.y1, bb.w, bb.h); + } + } else { + // fall back on plain caching if no layers + r.drawCachedElements(context, eles, pxRatio, extent); + } +}; + +/* global Path2D */ +var CRp$8 = {}; + +CRp$8.drawEdge = function (context, edge, shiftToOriginWithBb) { + var drawLabel = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : true; + var shouldDrawOverlay = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : true; + var shouldDrawOpacity = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : true; + var r = this; + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + + if (shouldDrawOpacity && !edge.visible()) { + return; + } // if bezier ctrl pts can not be calculated, then die + + + if (rs.badLine || rs.allpts == null || isNaN(rs.allpts[0])) { + // isNaN in case edge is impossible and browser bugs (e.g. safari) + return; + } + + var bb; + + if (shiftToOriginWithBb) { + bb = shiftToOriginWithBb; + context.translate(-bb.x1, -bb.y1); + } + + var opacity = shouldDrawOpacity ? edge.pstyle('opacity').value : 1; + var lineOpacity = shouldDrawOpacity ? edge.pstyle('line-opacity').value : 1; + var curveStyle = edge.pstyle('curve-style').value; + var lineStyle = edge.pstyle('line-style').value; + var edgeWidth = edge.pstyle('width').pfValue; + var lineCap = edge.pstyle('line-cap').value; + var effectiveLineOpacity = opacity * lineOpacity; // separate arrow opacity would require arrow-opacity property + + var effectiveArrowOpacity = opacity * lineOpacity; + + var drawLine = function drawLine() { + var strokeOpacity = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : effectiveLineOpacity; + + if (curveStyle === 'straight-triangle') { + r.eleStrokeStyle(context, edge, strokeOpacity); + r.drawEdgeTrianglePath(edge, context, rs.allpts); + } else { + context.lineWidth = edgeWidth; + context.lineCap = lineCap; + r.eleStrokeStyle(context, edge, strokeOpacity); + r.drawEdgePath(edge, context, rs.allpts, lineStyle); + context.lineCap = 'butt'; // reset for other drawing functions + } + }; + + var drawOverlay = function drawOverlay() { + if (!shouldDrawOverlay) { + return; + } + + r.drawEdgeOverlay(context, edge); + }; + + var drawUnderlay = function drawUnderlay() { + if (!shouldDrawOverlay) { + return; + } + + r.drawEdgeUnderlay(context, edge); + }; + + var drawArrows = function drawArrows() { + var arrowOpacity = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : effectiveArrowOpacity; + r.drawArrowheads(context, edge, arrowOpacity); + }; + + var drawText = function drawText() { + r.drawElementText(context, edge, null, drawLabel); + }; + + context.lineJoin = 'round'; + var ghost = edge.pstyle('ghost').value === 'yes'; + + if (ghost) { + var gx = edge.pstyle('ghost-offset-x').pfValue; + var gy = edge.pstyle('ghost-offset-y').pfValue; + var ghostOpacity = edge.pstyle('ghost-opacity').value; + var effectiveGhostOpacity = effectiveLineOpacity * ghostOpacity; + context.translate(gx, gy); + drawLine(effectiveGhostOpacity); + drawArrows(effectiveGhostOpacity); + context.translate(-gx, -gy); + } + + drawUnderlay(); + drawLine(); + drawArrows(); + drawOverlay(); + drawText(); + + if (shiftToOriginWithBb) { + context.translate(bb.x1, bb.y1); + } +}; + +var drawEdgeOverlayUnderlay = function drawEdgeOverlayUnderlay(overlayOrUnderlay) { + if (!['overlay', 'underlay'].includes(overlayOrUnderlay)) { + throw new Error('Invalid state'); + } + + return function (context, edge) { + if (!edge.visible()) { + return; + } + + var opacity = edge.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-opacity")).value; + + if (opacity === 0) { + return; + } + + var r = this; + var usePaths = r.usePaths(); + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var padding = edge.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-padding")).pfValue; + var width = 2 * padding; + var color = edge.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-color")).value; + context.lineWidth = width; + + if (rs.edgeType === 'self' && !usePaths) { + context.lineCap = 'butt'; + } else { + context.lineCap = 'round'; + } + + r.colorStrokeStyle(context, color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity); + r.drawEdgePath(edge, context, rs.allpts, 'solid'); + }; +}; + +CRp$8.drawEdgeOverlay = drawEdgeOverlayUnderlay('overlay'); +CRp$8.drawEdgeUnderlay = drawEdgeOverlayUnderlay('underlay'); + +CRp$8.drawEdgePath = function (edge, context, pts, type) { + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var canvasCxt = context; + var path; + var pathCacheHit = false; + var usePaths = this.usePaths(); + var lineDashPattern = edge.pstyle('line-dash-pattern').pfValue; + var lineDashOffset = edge.pstyle('line-dash-offset').pfValue; + + if (usePaths) { + var pathCacheKey = pts.join('$'); + var keyMatches = rs.pathCacheKey && rs.pathCacheKey === pathCacheKey; + + if (keyMatches) { + path = context = rs.pathCache; + pathCacheHit = true; + } else { + path = context = new Path2D(); + rs.pathCacheKey = pathCacheKey; + rs.pathCache = path; + } + } + + if (canvasCxt.setLineDash) { + // for very outofdate browsers + switch (type) { + case 'dotted': + canvasCxt.setLineDash([1, 1]); + break; + + case 'dashed': + canvasCxt.setLineDash(lineDashPattern); + canvasCxt.lineDashOffset = lineDashOffset; + break; + + case 'solid': + canvasCxt.setLineDash([]); + break; + } + } + + if (!pathCacheHit && !rs.badLine) { + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + context.moveTo(pts[0], pts[1]); + + switch (rs.edgeType) { + case 'bezier': + case 'self': + case 'compound': + case 'multibezier': + for (var i = 2; i + 3 < pts.length; i += 4) { + context.quadraticCurveTo(pts[i], pts[i + 1], pts[i + 2], pts[i + 3]); + } + + break; + + case 'straight': + case 'segments': + case 'haystack': + for (var _i = 2; _i + 1 < pts.length; _i += 2) { + context.lineTo(pts[_i], pts[_i + 1]); + } + + break; + } + } + + context = canvasCxt; + + if (usePaths) { + context.stroke(path); + } else { + context.stroke(); + } // reset any line dashes + + + if (context.setLineDash) { + // for very outofdate browsers + context.setLineDash([]); + } +}; + +CRp$8.drawEdgeTrianglePath = function (edge, context, pts) { + // use line stroke style for triangle fill style + context.fillStyle = context.strokeStyle; + var edgeWidth = edge.pstyle('width').pfValue; + + for (var i = 0; i + 1 < pts.length; i += 2) { + var vector = [pts[i + 2] - pts[i], pts[i + 3] - pts[i + 1]]; + var length = Math.sqrt(vector[0] * vector[0] + vector[1] * vector[1]); + var normal = [vector[1] / length, -vector[0] / length]; + var triangleHead = [normal[0] * edgeWidth / 2, normal[1] * edgeWidth / 2]; + context.beginPath(); + context.moveTo(pts[i] - triangleHead[0], pts[i + 1] - triangleHead[1]); + context.lineTo(pts[i] + triangleHead[0], pts[i + 1] + triangleHead[1]); + context.lineTo(pts[i + 2], pts[i + 3]); + context.closePath(); + context.fill(); + } +}; + +CRp$8.drawArrowheads = function (context, edge, opacity) { + var rs = edge._private.rscratch; + var isHaystack = rs.edgeType === 'haystack'; + + if (!isHaystack) { + this.drawArrowhead(context, edge, 'source', rs.arrowStartX, rs.arrowStartY, rs.srcArrowAngle, opacity); + } + + this.drawArrowhead(context, edge, 'mid-target', rs.midX, rs.midY, rs.midtgtArrowAngle, opacity); + this.drawArrowhead(context, edge, 'mid-source', rs.midX, rs.midY, rs.midsrcArrowAngle, opacity); + + if (!isHaystack) { + this.drawArrowhead(context, edge, 'target', rs.arrowEndX, rs.arrowEndY, rs.tgtArrowAngle, opacity); + } +}; + +CRp$8.drawArrowhead = function (context, edge, prefix, x, y, angle, opacity) { + if (isNaN(x) || x == null || isNaN(y) || y == null || isNaN(angle) || angle == null) { + return; + } + + var self = this; + var arrowShape = edge.pstyle(prefix + '-arrow-shape').value; + + if (arrowShape === 'none') { + return; + } + + var arrowClearFill = edge.pstyle(prefix + '-arrow-fill').value === 'hollow' ? 'both' : 'filled'; + var arrowFill = edge.pstyle(prefix + '-arrow-fill').value; + var edgeWidth = edge.pstyle('width').pfValue; + var edgeOpacity = edge.pstyle('opacity').value; + + if (opacity === undefined) { + opacity = edgeOpacity; + } + + var gco = context.globalCompositeOperation; + + if (opacity !== 1 || arrowFill === 'hollow') { + // then extra clear is needed + context.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out'; + self.colorFillStyle(context, 255, 255, 255, 1); + self.colorStrokeStyle(context, 255, 255, 255, 1); + self.drawArrowShape(edge, context, arrowClearFill, edgeWidth, arrowShape, x, y, angle); + context.globalCompositeOperation = gco; + } // otherwise, the opaque arrow clears it for free :) + + + var color = edge.pstyle(prefix + '-arrow-color').value; + self.colorFillStyle(context, color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity); + self.colorStrokeStyle(context, color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity); + self.drawArrowShape(edge, context, arrowFill, edgeWidth, arrowShape, x, y, angle); +}; + +CRp$8.drawArrowShape = function (edge, context, fill, edgeWidth, shape, x, y, angle) { + var r = this; + var usePaths = this.usePaths() && shape !== 'triangle-cross'; + var pathCacheHit = false; + var path; + var canvasContext = context; + var translation = { + x: x, + y: y + }; + var scale = edge.pstyle('arrow-scale').value; + var size = this.getArrowWidth(edgeWidth, scale); + var shapeImpl = r.arrowShapes[shape]; + + if (usePaths) { + var cache = r.arrowPathCache = r.arrowPathCache || []; + var key = hashString(shape); + var cachedPath = cache[key]; + + if (cachedPath != null) { + path = context = cachedPath; + pathCacheHit = true; + } else { + path = context = new Path2D(); + cache[key] = path; + } + } + + if (!pathCacheHit) { + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + if (usePaths) { + // store in the path cache with values easily manipulated later + shapeImpl.draw(context, 1, 0, { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }, 1); + } else { + shapeImpl.draw(context, size, angle, translation, edgeWidth); + } + + if (context.closePath) { + context.closePath(); + } + } + + context = canvasContext; + + if (usePaths) { + // set transform to arrow position/orientation + context.translate(x, y); + context.rotate(angle); + context.scale(size, size); + } + + if (fill === 'filled' || fill === 'both') { + if (usePaths) { + context.fill(path); + } else { + context.fill(); + } + } + + if (fill === 'hollow' || fill === 'both') { + context.lineWidth = (shapeImpl.matchEdgeWidth ? edgeWidth : 1) / (usePaths ? size : 1); + context.lineJoin = 'miter'; + + if (usePaths) { + context.stroke(path); + } else { + context.stroke(); + } + } + + if (usePaths) { + // reset transform by applying inverse + context.scale(1 / size, 1 / size); + context.rotate(-angle); + context.translate(-x, -y); + } +}; + +var CRp$7 = {}; + +CRp$7.safeDrawImage = function (context, img, ix, iy, iw, ih, x, y, w, h) { + // detect problematic cases for old browsers with bad images (cheaper than try-catch) + if (iw <= 0 || ih <= 0 || w <= 0 || h <= 0) { + return; + } + + try { + context.drawImage(img, ix, iy, iw, ih, x, y, w, h); + } catch (e) { + warn(e); + } +}; + +CRp$7.drawInscribedImage = function (context, img, node, index, nodeOpacity) { + var r = this; + var pos = node.position(); + var nodeX = pos.x; + var nodeY = pos.y; + var styleObj = node.cy().style(); + var getIndexedStyle = styleObj.getIndexedStyle.bind(styleObj); + var fit = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-fit', 'value', index); + var repeat = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-repeat', 'value', index); + var nodeW = node.width(); + var nodeH = node.height(); + var paddingX2 = node.padding() * 2; + var nodeTW = nodeW + (getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-width-relative-to', 'value', index) === 'inner' ? 0 : paddingX2); + var nodeTH = nodeH + (getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-height-relative-to', 'value', index) === 'inner' ? 0 : paddingX2); + var rs = node._private.rscratch; + var clip = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-clip', 'value', index); + var shouldClip = clip === 'node'; + var imgOpacity = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-image-opacity', 'value', index) * nodeOpacity; + var smooth = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-image-smoothing', 'value', index); + var imgW = img.width || img.cachedW; + var imgH = img.height || img.cachedH; // workaround for broken browsers like ie + + if (null == imgW || null == imgH) { + document.body.appendChild(img); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + imgW = img.cachedW = img.width || img.offsetWidth; + imgH = img.cachedH = img.height || img.offsetHeight; + document.body.removeChild(img); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + } + + var w = imgW; + var h = imgH; + + if (getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-width', 'value', index) !== 'auto') { + if (getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-width', 'units', index) === '%') { + w = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-width', 'pfValue', index) * nodeTW; + } else { + w = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-width', 'pfValue', index); + } + } + + if (getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-height', 'value', index) !== 'auto') { + if (getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-height', 'units', index) === '%') { + h = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-height', 'pfValue', index) * nodeTH; + } else { + h = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-height', 'pfValue', index); + } + } + + if (w === 0 || h === 0) { + return; // no point in drawing empty image (and chrome is broken in this case) + } + + if (fit === 'contain') { + var scale = Math.min(nodeTW / w, nodeTH / h); + w *= scale; + h *= scale; + } else if (fit === 'cover') { + var scale = Math.max(nodeTW / w, nodeTH / h); + w *= scale; + h *= scale; + } + + var x = nodeX - nodeTW / 2; // left + + var posXUnits = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-position-x', 'units', index); + var posXPfVal = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-position-x', 'pfValue', index); + + if (posXUnits === '%') { + x += (nodeTW - w) * posXPfVal; + } else { + x += posXPfVal; + } + + var offXUnits = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-offset-x', 'units', index); + var offXPfVal = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-offset-x', 'pfValue', index); + + if (offXUnits === '%') { + x += (nodeTW - w) * offXPfVal; + } else { + x += offXPfVal; + } + + var y = nodeY - nodeTH / 2; // top + + var posYUnits = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-position-y', 'units', index); + var posYPfVal = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-position-y', 'pfValue', index); + + if (posYUnits === '%') { + y += (nodeTH - h) * posYPfVal; + } else { + y += posYPfVal; + } + + var offYUnits = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-offset-y', 'units', index); + var offYPfVal = getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-offset-y', 'pfValue', index); + + if (offYUnits === '%') { + y += (nodeTH - h) * offYPfVal; + } else { + y += offYPfVal; + } + + if (rs.pathCache) { + x -= nodeX; + y -= nodeY; + nodeX = 0; + nodeY = 0; + } + + var gAlpha = context.globalAlpha; + context.globalAlpha = imgOpacity; + var smoothingEnabled = r.getImgSmoothing(context); + var isSmoothingSwitched = false; + + if (smooth === 'no' && smoothingEnabled) { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, false); + isSmoothingSwitched = true; + } else if (smooth === 'yes' && !smoothingEnabled) { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, true); + isSmoothingSwitched = true; + } + + if (repeat === 'no-repeat') { + if (shouldClip) { + context.save(); + + if (rs.pathCache) { + context.clip(rs.pathCache); + } else { + r.nodeShapes[r.getNodeShape(node)].draw(context, nodeX, nodeY, nodeTW, nodeTH); + context.clip(); + } + } + + r.safeDrawImage(context, img, 0, 0, imgW, imgH, x, y, w, h); + + if (shouldClip) { + context.restore(); + } + } else { + var pattern = context.createPattern(img, repeat); + context.fillStyle = pattern; + r.nodeShapes[r.getNodeShape(node)].draw(context, nodeX, nodeY, nodeTW, nodeTH); + context.translate(x, y); + context.fill(); + context.translate(-x, -y); + } + + context.globalAlpha = gAlpha; + + if (isSmoothingSwitched) { + r.setImgSmoothing(context, smoothingEnabled); + } +}; + +var CRp$6 = {}; + +CRp$6.eleTextBiggerThanMin = function (ele, scale) { + if (!scale) { + var zoom = ele.cy().zoom(); + var pxRatio = this.getPixelRatio(); + var lvl = Math.ceil(log2(zoom * pxRatio)); // the effective texture level + + scale = Math.pow(2, lvl); + } + + var computedSize = ele.pstyle('font-size').pfValue * scale; + var minSize = ele.pstyle('min-zoomed-font-size').pfValue; + + if (computedSize < minSize) { + return false; + } + + return true; +}; + +CRp$6.drawElementText = function (context, ele, shiftToOriginWithBb, force, prefix) { + var useEleOpacity = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : true; + var r = this; + + if (force == null) { + if (useEleOpacity && !r.eleTextBiggerThanMin(ele)) { + return; + } + } else if (force === false) { + return; + } + + if (ele.isNode()) { + var label = ele.pstyle('label'); + + if (!label || !label.value) { + return; + } + + var justification = r.getLabelJustification(ele); + context.textAlign = justification; + context.textBaseline = 'bottom'; + } else { + var badLine = ele.element()._private.rscratch.badLine; + + var _label = ele.pstyle('label'); + + var srcLabel = ele.pstyle('source-label'); + var tgtLabel = ele.pstyle('target-label'); + + if (badLine || (!_label || !_label.value) && (!srcLabel || !srcLabel.value) && (!tgtLabel || !tgtLabel.value)) { + return; + } + + context.textAlign = 'center'; + context.textBaseline = 'bottom'; + } + + var applyRotation = !shiftToOriginWithBb; + var bb; + + if (shiftToOriginWithBb) { + bb = shiftToOriginWithBb; + context.translate(-bb.x1, -bb.y1); + } + + if (prefix == null) { + r.drawText(context, ele, null, applyRotation, useEleOpacity); + + if (ele.isEdge()) { + r.drawText(context, ele, 'source', applyRotation, useEleOpacity); + r.drawText(context, ele, 'target', applyRotation, useEleOpacity); + } + } else { + r.drawText(context, ele, prefix, applyRotation, useEleOpacity); + } + + if (shiftToOriginWithBb) { + context.translate(bb.x1, bb.y1); + } +}; + +CRp$6.getFontCache = function (context) { + var cache; + this.fontCaches = this.fontCaches || []; + + for (var i = 0; i < this.fontCaches.length; i++) { + cache = this.fontCaches[i]; + + if (cache.context === context) { + return cache; + } + } + + cache = { + context: context + }; + this.fontCaches.push(cache); + return cache; +}; // set up canvas context with font +// returns transformed text string + + +CRp$6.setupTextStyle = function (context, ele) { + var useEleOpacity = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true; + // Font style + var labelStyle = ele.pstyle('font-style').strValue; + var labelSize = ele.pstyle('font-size').pfValue + 'px'; + var labelFamily = ele.pstyle('font-family').strValue; + var labelWeight = ele.pstyle('font-weight').strValue; + var opacity = useEleOpacity ? ele.effectiveOpacity() * ele.pstyle('text-opacity').value : 1; + var outlineOpacity = ele.pstyle('text-outline-opacity').value * opacity; + var color = ele.pstyle('color').value; + var outlineColor = ele.pstyle('text-outline-color').value; + context.font = labelStyle + ' ' + labelWeight + ' ' + labelSize + ' ' + labelFamily; + context.lineJoin = 'round'; // so text outlines aren't jagged + + this.colorFillStyle(context, color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity); + this.colorStrokeStyle(context, outlineColor[0], outlineColor[1], outlineColor[2], outlineOpacity); +}; // TODO ensure re-used + + +function roundRect(ctx, x, y, width, height) { + var radius = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : 5; + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.moveTo(x + radius, y); + ctx.lineTo(x + width - radius, y); + ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x + width, y, x + width, y + radius); + ctx.lineTo(x + width, y + height - radius); + ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x + width, y + height, x + width - radius, y + height); + ctx.lineTo(x + radius, y + height); + ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y + height, x, y + height - radius); + ctx.lineTo(x, y + radius); + ctx.quadraticCurveTo(x, y, x + radius, y); + ctx.closePath(); + ctx.fill(); +} + +CRp$6.getTextAngle = function (ele, prefix) { + var theta; + var _p = ele._private; + var rscratch = _p.rscratch; + var pdash = prefix ? prefix + '-' : ''; + var rotation = ele.pstyle(pdash + 'text-rotation'); + var textAngle = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelAngle', prefix); + + if (rotation.strValue === 'autorotate') { + theta = ele.isEdge() ? textAngle : 0; + } else if (rotation.strValue === 'none') { + theta = 0; + } else { + theta = rotation.pfValue; + } + + return theta; +}; + +CRp$6.drawText = function (context, ele, prefix) { + var applyRotation = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : true; + var useEleOpacity = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : true; + var _p = ele._private; + var rscratch = _p.rscratch; + var parentOpacity = useEleOpacity ? ele.effectiveOpacity() : 1; + + if (useEleOpacity && (parentOpacity === 0 || ele.pstyle('text-opacity').value === 0)) { + return; + } // use 'main' as an alias for the main label (i.e. null prefix) + + + if (prefix === 'main') { + prefix = null; + } + + var textX = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelX', prefix); + var textY = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelY', prefix); + var orgTextX, orgTextY; // used for rotation + + var text = this.getLabelText(ele, prefix); + + if (text != null && text !== '' && !isNaN(textX) && !isNaN(textY)) { + this.setupTextStyle(context, ele, useEleOpacity); + var pdash = prefix ? prefix + '-' : ''; + var textW = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelWidth', prefix); + var textH = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelHeight', prefix); + var marginX = ele.pstyle(pdash + 'text-margin-x').pfValue; + var marginY = ele.pstyle(pdash + 'text-margin-y').pfValue; + var isEdge = ele.isEdge(); + var halign = ele.pstyle('text-halign').value; + var valign = ele.pstyle('text-valign').value; + + if (isEdge) { + halign = 'center'; + valign = 'center'; + } + + textX += marginX; + textY += marginY; + var theta; + + if (!applyRotation) { + theta = 0; + } else { + theta = this.getTextAngle(ele, prefix); + } + + if (theta !== 0) { + orgTextX = textX; + orgTextY = textY; + context.translate(orgTextX, orgTextY); + context.rotate(theta); + textX = 0; + textY = 0; + } + + switch (valign) { + case 'top': + break; + + case 'center': + textY += textH / 2; + break; + + case 'bottom': + textY += textH; + break; + } + + var backgroundOpacity = ele.pstyle('text-background-opacity').value; + var borderOpacity = ele.pstyle('text-border-opacity').value; + var textBorderWidth = ele.pstyle('text-border-width').pfValue; + var backgroundPadding = ele.pstyle('text-background-padding').pfValue; + + if (backgroundOpacity > 0 || textBorderWidth > 0 && borderOpacity > 0) { + var bgX = textX - backgroundPadding; + + switch (halign) { + case 'left': + bgX -= textW; + break; + + case 'center': + bgX -= textW / 2; + break; + } + + var bgY = textY - textH - backgroundPadding; + var bgW = textW + 2 * backgroundPadding; + var bgH = textH + 2 * backgroundPadding; + + if (backgroundOpacity > 0) { + var textFill = context.fillStyle; + var textBackgroundColor = ele.pstyle('text-background-color').value; + context.fillStyle = 'rgba(' + textBackgroundColor[0] + ',' + textBackgroundColor[1] + ',' + textBackgroundColor[2] + ',' + backgroundOpacity * parentOpacity + ')'; + var styleShape = ele.pstyle('text-background-shape').strValue; + + if (styleShape.indexOf('round') === 0) { + roundRect(context, bgX, bgY, bgW, bgH, 2); + } else { + context.fillRect(bgX, bgY, bgW, bgH); + } + + context.fillStyle = textFill; + } + + if (textBorderWidth > 0 && borderOpacity > 0) { + var textStroke = context.strokeStyle; + var textLineWidth = context.lineWidth; + var textBorderColor = ele.pstyle('text-border-color').value; + var textBorderStyle = ele.pstyle('text-border-style').value; + context.strokeStyle = 'rgba(' + textBorderColor[0] + ',' + textBorderColor[1] + ',' + textBorderColor[2] + ',' + borderOpacity * parentOpacity + ')'; + context.lineWidth = textBorderWidth; + + if (context.setLineDash) { + // for very outofdate browsers + switch (textBorderStyle) { + case 'dotted': + context.setLineDash([1, 1]); + break; + + case 'dashed': + context.setLineDash([4, 2]); + break; + + case 'double': + context.lineWidth = textBorderWidth / 4; // 50% reserved for white between the two borders + + context.setLineDash([]); + break; + + case 'solid': + context.setLineDash([]); + break; + } + } + + context.strokeRect(bgX, bgY, bgW, bgH); + + if (textBorderStyle === 'double') { + var whiteWidth = textBorderWidth / 2; + context.strokeRect(bgX + whiteWidth, bgY + whiteWidth, bgW - whiteWidth * 2, bgH - whiteWidth * 2); + } + + if (context.setLineDash) { + // for very outofdate browsers + context.setLineDash([]); + } + + context.lineWidth = textLineWidth; + context.strokeStyle = textStroke; + } + } + + var lineWidth = 2 * ele.pstyle('text-outline-width').pfValue; // *2 b/c the stroke is drawn centred on the middle + + if (lineWidth > 0) { + context.lineWidth = lineWidth; + } + + if (ele.pstyle('text-wrap').value === 'wrap') { + var lines = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelWrapCachedLines', prefix); + var lineHeight = getPrefixedProperty(rscratch, 'labelLineHeight', prefix); + var halfTextW = textW / 2; + var justification = this.getLabelJustification(ele); + + if (justification === 'auto') ; else if (halign === 'left') { + // auto justification : right + if (justification === 'left') { + textX += -textW; + } else if (justification === 'center') { + textX += -halfTextW; + } // else same as auto + + } else if (halign === 'center') { + // auto justfication : center + if (justification === 'left') { + textX += -halfTextW; + } else if (justification === 'right') { + textX += halfTextW; + } // else same as auto + + } else if (halign === 'right') { + // auto justification : left + if (justification === 'center') { + textX += halfTextW; + } else if (justification === 'right') { + textX += textW; + } // else same as auto + + } + + switch (valign) { + case 'top': + textY -= (lines.length - 1) * lineHeight; + break; + + case 'center': + case 'bottom': + textY -= (lines.length - 1) * lineHeight; + break; + } + + for (var l = 0; l < lines.length; l++) { + if (lineWidth > 0) { + context.strokeText(lines[l], textX, textY); + } + + context.fillText(lines[l], textX, textY); + textY += lineHeight; + } + } else { + if (lineWidth > 0) { + context.strokeText(text, textX, textY); + } + + context.fillText(text, textX, textY); + } + + if (theta !== 0) { + context.rotate(-theta); + context.translate(-orgTextX, -orgTextY); + } + } +}; + +/* global Path2D */ +var CRp$5 = {}; + +CRp$5.drawNode = function (context, node, shiftToOriginWithBb) { + var drawLabel = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : true; + var shouldDrawOverlay = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : true; + var shouldDrawOpacity = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : true; + var r = this; + var nodeWidth, nodeHeight; + var _p = node._private; + var rs = _p.rscratch; + var pos = node.position(); + + if (!number$1(pos.x) || !number$1(pos.y)) { + return; // can't draw node with undefined position + } + + if (shouldDrawOpacity && !node.visible()) { + return; + } + + var eleOpacity = shouldDrawOpacity ? node.effectiveOpacity() : 1; + var usePaths = r.usePaths(); + var path; + var pathCacheHit = false; + var padding = node.padding(); + nodeWidth = node.width() + 2 * padding; + nodeHeight = node.height() + 2 * padding; // + // setup shift + + var bb; + + if (shiftToOriginWithBb) { + bb = shiftToOriginWithBb; + context.translate(-bb.x1, -bb.y1); + } // + // load bg image + + + var bgImgProp = node.pstyle('background-image'); + var urls = bgImgProp.value; + var urlDefined = new Array(urls.length); + var image = new Array(urls.length); + var numImages = 0; + + for (var i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) { + var url = urls[i]; + var defd = urlDefined[i] = url != null && url !== 'none'; + + if (defd) { + var bgImgCrossOrigin = node.cy().style().getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-image-crossorigin', 'value', i); + numImages++; // get image, and if not loaded then ask to redraw when later loaded + + image[i] = r.getCachedImage(url, bgImgCrossOrigin, function () { + _p.backgroundTimestamp = Date.now(); + node.emitAndNotify('background'); + }); + } + } // + // setup styles + + + var darkness = node.pstyle('background-blacken').value; + var borderWidth = node.pstyle('border-width').pfValue; + var bgOpacity = node.pstyle('background-opacity').value * eleOpacity; + var borderColor = node.pstyle('border-color').value; + var borderStyle = node.pstyle('border-style').value; + var borderOpacity = node.pstyle('border-opacity').value * eleOpacity; + context.lineJoin = 'miter'; // so borders are square with the node shape + + var setupShapeColor = function setupShapeColor() { + var bgOpy = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : bgOpacity; + r.eleFillStyle(context, node, bgOpy); + }; + + var setupBorderColor = function setupBorderColor() { + var bdrOpy = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : borderOpacity; + r.colorStrokeStyle(context, borderColor[0], borderColor[1], borderColor[2], bdrOpy); + }; // + // setup shape + + + var styleShape = node.pstyle('shape').strValue; + var shapePts = node.pstyle('shape-polygon-points').pfValue; + + if (usePaths) { + context.translate(pos.x, pos.y); + var pathCache = r.nodePathCache = r.nodePathCache || []; + var key = hashStrings(styleShape === 'polygon' ? styleShape + ',' + shapePts.join(',') : styleShape, '' + nodeHeight, '' + nodeWidth); + var cachedPath = pathCache[key]; + + if (cachedPath != null) { + path = cachedPath; + pathCacheHit = true; + rs.pathCache = path; + } else { + path = new Path2D(); + pathCache[key] = rs.pathCache = path; + } + } + + var drawShape = function drawShape() { + if (!pathCacheHit) { + var npos = pos; + + if (usePaths) { + npos = { + x: 0, + y: 0 + }; + } + + r.nodeShapes[r.getNodeShape(node)].draw(path || context, npos.x, npos.y, nodeWidth, nodeHeight); + } + + if (usePaths) { + context.fill(path); + } else { + context.fill(); + } + }; + + var drawImages = function drawImages() { + var nodeOpacity = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : eleOpacity; + var inside = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true; + var prevBging = _p.backgrounding; + var totalCompleted = 0; + + for (var _i = 0; _i < image.length; _i++) { + var bgContainment = node.cy().style().getIndexedStyle(node, 'background-image-containment', 'value', _i); + + if (inside && bgContainment === 'over' || !inside && bgContainment === 'inside') { + totalCompleted++; + continue; + } + + if (urlDefined[_i] && image[_i].complete && !image[_i].error) { + totalCompleted++; + r.drawInscribedImage(context, image[_i], node, _i, nodeOpacity); + } + } + + _p.backgrounding = !(totalCompleted === numImages); + + if (prevBging !== _p.backgrounding) { + // update style b/c :backgrounding state changed + node.updateStyle(false); + } + }; + + var drawPie = function drawPie() { + var redrawShape = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : false; + var pieOpacity = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : eleOpacity; + + if (r.hasPie(node)) { + r.drawPie(context, node, pieOpacity); // redraw/restore path if steps after pie need it + + if (redrawShape) { + if (!usePaths) { + r.nodeShapes[r.getNodeShape(node)].draw(context, pos.x, pos.y, nodeWidth, nodeHeight); + } + } + } + }; + + var darken = function darken() { + var darkenOpacity = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : eleOpacity; + var opacity = (darkness > 0 ? darkness : -darkness) * darkenOpacity; + var c = darkness > 0 ? 0 : 255; + + if (darkness !== 0) { + r.colorFillStyle(context, c, c, c, opacity); + + if (usePaths) { + context.fill(path); + } else { + context.fill(); + } + } + }; + + var drawBorder = function drawBorder() { + if (borderWidth > 0) { + context.lineWidth = borderWidth; + context.lineCap = 'butt'; + + if (context.setLineDash) { + // for very outofdate browsers + switch (borderStyle) { + case 'dotted': + context.setLineDash([1, 1]); + break; + + case 'dashed': + context.setLineDash([4, 2]); + break; + + case 'solid': + case 'double': + context.setLineDash([]); + break; + } + } + + if (usePaths) { + context.stroke(path); + } else { + context.stroke(); + } + + if (borderStyle === 'double') { + context.lineWidth = borderWidth / 3; + var gco = context.globalCompositeOperation; + context.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out'; + + if (usePaths) { + context.stroke(path); + } else { + context.stroke(); + } + + context.globalCompositeOperation = gco; + } // reset in case we changed the border style + + + if (context.setLineDash) { + // for very outofdate browsers + context.setLineDash([]); + } + } + }; + + var drawOverlay = function drawOverlay() { + if (shouldDrawOverlay) { + r.drawNodeOverlay(context, node, pos, nodeWidth, nodeHeight); + } + }; + + var drawUnderlay = function drawUnderlay() { + if (shouldDrawOverlay) { + r.drawNodeUnderlay(context, node, pos, nodeWidth, nodeHeight); + } + }; + + var drawText = function drawText() { + r.drawElementText(context, node, null, drawLabel); + }; + + var ghost = node.pstyle('ghost').value === 'yes'; + + if (ghost) { + var gx = node.pstyle('ghost-offset-x').pfValue; + var gy = node.pstyle('ghost-offset-y').pfValue; + var ghostOpacity = node.pstyle('ghost-opacity').value; + var effGhostOpacity = ghostOpacity * eleOpacity; + context.translate(gx, gy); + setupShapeColor(ghostOpacity * bgOpacity); + drawShape(); + drawImages(effGhostOpacity, true); + setupBorderColor(ghostOpacity * borderOpacity); + drawBorder(); + drawPie(darkness !== 0 || borderWidth !== 0); + drawImages(effGhostOpacity, false); + darken(effGhostOpacity); + context.translate(-gx, -gy); + } + + if (usePaths) { + context.translate(-pos.x, -pos.y); + } + + drawUnderlay(); + + if (usePaths) { + context.translate(pos.x, pos.y); + } + + setupShapeColor(); + drawShape(); + drawImages(eleOpacity, true); + setupBorderColor(); + drawBorder(); + drawPie(darkness !== 0 || borderWidth !== 0); + drawImages(eleOpacity, false); + darken(); + + if (usePaths) { + context.translate(-pos.x, -pos.y); + } + + drawText(); + drawOverlay(); // + // clean up shift + + if (shiftToOriginWithBb) { + context.translate(bb.x1, bb.y1); + } +}; + +var drawNodeOverlayUnderlay = function drawNodeOverlayUnderlay(overlayOrUnderlay) { + if (!['overlay', 'underlay'].includes(overlayOrUnderlay)) { + throw new Error('Invalid state'); + } + + return function (context, node, pos, nodeWidth, nodeHeight) { + var r = this; + + if (!node.visible()) { + return; + } + + var padding = node.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-padding")).pfValue; + var opacity = node.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-opacity")).value; + var color = node.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-color")).value; + var shape = node.pstyle("".concat(overlayOrUnderlay, "-shape")).value; + + if (opacity > 0) { + pos = pos || node.position(); + + if (nodeWidth == null || nodeHeight == null) { + var _padding = node.padding(); + + nodeWidth = node.width() + 2 * _padding; + nodeHeight = node.height() + 2 * _padding; + } + + r.colorFillStyle(context, color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity); + r.nodeShapes[shape].draw(context, pos.x, pos.y, nodeWidth + padding * 2, nodeHeight + padding * 2); + context.fill(); + } + }; +}; + +CRp$5.drawNodeOverlay = drawNodeOverlayUnderlay('overlay'); +CRp$5.drawNodeUnderlay = drawNodeOverlayUnderlay('underlay'); // does the node have at least one pie piece? + +CRp$5.hasPie = function (node) { + node = node[0]; // ensure ele ref + + return node._private.hasPie; +}; + +CRp$5.drawPie = function (context, node, nodeOpacity, pos) { + node = node[0]; // ensure ele ref + + pos = pos || node.position(); + var cyStyle = node.cy().style(); + var pieSize = node.pstyle('pie-size'); + var x = pos.x; + var y = pos.y; + var nodeW = node.width(); + var nodeH = node.height(); + var radius = Math.min(nodeW, nodeH) / 2; // must fit in node + + var lastPercent = 0; // what % to continue drawing pie slices from on [0, 1] + + var usePaths = this.usePaths(); + + if (usePaths) { + x = 0; + y = 0; + } + + if (pieSize.units === '%') { + radius = radius * pieSize.pfValue; + } else if (pieSize.pfValue !== undefined) { + radius = pieSize.pfValue / 2; + } + + for (var i = 1; i <= cyStyle.pieBackgroundN; i++) { + // 1..N + var size = node.pstyle('pie-' + i + '-background-size').value; + var color = node.pstyle('pie-' + i + '-background-color').value; + var opacity = node.pstyle('pie-' + i + '-background-opacity').value * nodeOpacity; + var percent = size / 100; // map integer range [0, 100] to [0, 1] + // percent can't push beyond 1 + + if (percent + lastPercent > 1) { + percent = 1 - lastPercent; + } + + var angleStart = 1.5 * Math.PI + 2 * Math.PI * lastPercent; // start at 12 o'clock and go clockwise + + var angleDelta = 2 * Math.PI * percent; + var angleEnd = angleStart + angleDelta; // ignore if + // - zero size + // - we're already beyond the full circle + // - adding the current slice would go beyond the full circle + + if (size === 0 || lastPercent >= 1 || lastPercent + percent > 1) { + continue; + } + + context.beginPath(); + context.moveTo(x, y); + context.arc(x, y, radius, angleStart, angleEnd); + context.closePath(); + this.colorFillStyle(context, color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity); + context.fill(); + lastPercent += percent; + } +}; + +var CRp$4 = {}; +var motionBlurDelay = 100; // var isFirefox = typeof InstallTrigger !== 'undefined'; + +CRp$4.getPixelRatio = function () { + var context = this.data.contexts[0]; + + if (this.forcedPixelRatio != null) { + return this.forcedPixelRatio; + } + + var backingStore = context.backingStorePixelRatio || context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio || context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio || context.msBackingStorePixelRatio || context.oBackingStorePixelRatio || context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1; + return (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore; // eslint-disable-line no-undef +}; + +CRp$4.paintCache = function (context) { + var caches = this.paintCaches = this.paintCaches || []; + var needToCreateCache = true; + var cache; + + for (var i = 0; i < caches.length; i++) { + cache = caches[i]; + + if (cache.context === context) { + needToCreateCache = false; + break; + } + } + + if (needToCreateCache) { + cache = { + context: context + }; + caches.push(cache); + } + + return cache; +}; + +CRp$4.createGradientStyleFor = function (context, shapeStyleName, ele, fill, opacity) { + var gradientStyle; + var usePaths = this.usePaths(); + var colors = ele.pstyle(shapeStyleName + '-gradient-stop-colors').value, + positions = ele.pstyle(shapeStyleName + '-gradient-stop-positions').pfValue; + + if (fill === 'radial-gradient') { + if (ele.isEdge()) { + var start = ele.sourceEndpoint(), + end = ele.targetEndpoint(), + mid = ele.midpoint(); + var d1 = dist(start, mid); + var d2 = dist(end, mid); + gradientStyle = context.createRadialGradient(mid.x, mid.y, 0, mid.x, mid.y, Math.max(d1, d2)); + } else { + var pos = usePaths ? { + x: 0, + y: 0 + } : ele.position(), + width = ele.paddedWidth(), + height = ele.paddedHeight(); + gradientStyle = context.createRadialGradient(pos.x, pos.y, 0, pos.x, pos.y, Math.max(width, height)); + } + } else { + if (ele.isEdge()) { + var _start = ele.sourceEndpoint(), + _end = ele.targetEndpoint(); + + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_start.x, _start.y, _end.x, _end.y); + } else { + var _pos = usePaths ? { + x: 0, + y: 0 + } : ele.position(), + _width = ele.paddedWidth(), + _height = ele.paddedHeight(), + halfWidth = _width / 2, + halfHeight = _height / 2; + + var direction = ele.pstyle('background-gradient-direction').value; + + switch (direction) { + case 'to-bottom': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x, _pos.y - halfHeight, _pos.x, _pos.y + halfHeight); + break; + + case 'to-top': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x, _pos.y + halfHeight, _pos.x, _pos.y - halfHeight); + break; + + case 'to-left': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x + halfWidth, _pos.y, _pos.x - halfWidth, _pos.y); + break; + + case 'to-right': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x - halfWidth, _pos.y, _pos.x + halfWidth, _pos.y); + break; + + case 'to-bottom-right': + case 'to-right-bottom': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x - halfWidth, _pos.y - halfHeight, _pos.x + halfWidth, _pos.y + halfHeight); + break; + + case 'to-top-right': + case 'to-right-top': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x - halfWidth, _pos.y + halfHeight, _pos.x + halfWidth, _pos.y - halfHeight); + break; + + case 'to-bottom-left': + case 'to-left-bottom': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x + halfWidth, _pos.y - halfHeight, _pos.x - halfWidth, _pos.y + halfHeight); + break; + + case 'to-top-left': + case 'to-left-top': + gradientStyle = context.createLinearGradient(_pos.x + halfWidth, _pos.y + halfHeight, _pos.x - halfWidth, _pos.y - halfHeight); + break; + } + } + } + + if (!gradientStyle) return null; // invalid gradient style + + var hasPositions = positions.length === colors.length; + var length = colors.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + gradientStyle.addColorStop(hasPositions ? positions[i] : i / (length - 1), 'rgba(' + colors[i][0] + ',' + colors[i][1] + ',' + colors[i][2] + ',' + opacity + ')'); + } + + return gradientStyle; +}; + +CRp$4.gradientFillStyle = function (context, ele, fill, opacity) { + var gradientStyle = this.createGradientStyleFor(context, 'background', ele, fill, opacity); + if (!gradientStyle) return null; // error + + context.fillStyle = gradientStyle; +}; + +CRp$4.colorFillStyle = function (context, r, g, b, a) { + context.fillStyle = 'rgba(' + r + ',' + g + ',' + b + ',' + a + ')'; // turn off for now, seems context does its own caching + // var cache = this.paintCache(context); + // var fillStyle = 'rgba(' + r + ',' + g + ',' + b + ',' + a + ')'; + // if( cache.fillStyle !== fillStyle ){ + // context.fillStyle = cache.fillStyle = fillStyle; + // } +}; + +CRp$4.eleFillStyle = function (context, ele, opacity) { + var backgroundFill = ele.pstyle('background-fill').value; + + if (backgroundFill === 'linear-gradient' || backgroundFill === 'radial-gradient') { + this.gradientFillStyle(context, ele, backgroundFill, opacity); + } else { + var backgroundColor = ele.pstyle('background-color').value; + this.colorFillStyle(context, backgroundColor[0], backgroundColor[1], backgroundColor[2], opacity); + } +}; + +CRp$4.gradientStrokeStyle = function (context, ele, fill, opacity) { + var gradientStyle = this.createGradientStyleFor(context, 'line', ele, fill, opacity); + if (!gradientStyle) return null; // error + + context.strokeStyle = gradientStyle; +}; + +CRp$4.colorStrokeStyle = function (context, r, g, b, a) { + context.strokeStyle = 'rgba(' + r + ',' + g + ',' + b + ',' + a + ')'; // turn off for now, seems context does its own caching + // var cache = this.paintCache(context); + // var strokeStyle = 'rgba(' + r + ',' + g + ',' + b + ',' + a + ')'; + // if( cache.strokeStyle !== strokeStyle ){ + // context.strokeStyle = cache.strokeStyle = strokeStyle; + // } +}; + +CRp$4.eleStrokeStyle = function (context, ele, opacity) { + var lineFill = ele.pstyle('line-fill').value; + + if (lineFill === 'linear-gradient' || lineFill === 'radial-gradient') { + this.gradientStrokeStyle(context, ele, lineFill, opacity); + } else { + var lineColor = ele.pstyle('line-color').value; + this.colorStrokeStyle(context, lineColor[0], lineColor[1], lineColor[2], opacity); + } +}; // Resize canvas + + +CRp$4.matchCanvasSize = function (container) { + var r = this; + var data = r.data; + var bb = r.findContainerClientCoords(); + var width = bb[2]; + var height = bb[3]; + var pixelRatio = r.getPixelRatio(); + var mbPxRatio = r.motionBlurPxRatio; + + if (container === r.data.bufferCanvases[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE] || container === r.data.bufferCanvases[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG]) { + pixelRatio = mbPxRatio; + } + + var canvasWidth = width * pixelRatio; + var canvasHeight = height * pixelRatio; + var canvas; + + if (canvasWidth === r.canvasWidth && canvasHeight === r.canvasHeight) { + return; // save cycles if same + } + + r.fontCaches = null; // resizing resets the style + + var canvasContainer = data.canvasContainer; + canvasContainer.style.width = width + 'px'; + canvasContainer.style.height = height + 'px'; + + for (var i = 0; i < r.CANVAS_LAYERS; i++) { + canvas = data.canvases[i]; + canvas.width = canvasWidth; + canvas.height = canvasHeight; + canvas.style.width = width + 'px'; + canvas.style.height = height + 'px'; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < r.BUFFER_COUNT; i++) { + canvas = data.bufferCanvases[i]; + canvas.width = canvasWidth; + canvas.height = canvasHeight; + canvas.style.width = width + 'px'; + canvas.style.height = height + 'px'; + } + + r.textureMult = 1; + + if (pixelRatio <= 1) { + canvas = data.bufferCanvases[r.TEXTURE_BUFFER]; + r.textureMult = 2; + canvas.width = canvasWidth * r.textureMult; + canvas.height = canvasHeight * r.textureMult; + } + + r.canvasWidth = canvasWidth; + r.canvasHeight = canvasHeight; +}; + +CRp$4.renderTo = function (cxt, zoom, pan, pxRatio) { + this.render({ + forcedContext: cxt, + forcedZoom: zoom, + forcedPan: pan, + drawAllLayers: true, + forcedPxRatio: pxRatio + }); +}; + +CRp$4.render = function (options) { + options = options || staticEmptyObject(); + var forcedContext = options.forcedContext; + var drawAllLayers = options.drawAllLayers; + var drawOnlyNodeLayer = options.drawOnlyNodeLayer; + var forcedZoom = options.forcedZoom; + var forcedPan = options.forcedPan; + var r = this; + var pixelRatio = options.forcedPxRatio === undefined ? this.getPixelRatio() : options.forcedPxRatio; + var cy = r.cy; + var data = r.data; + var needDraw = data.canvasNeedsRedraw; + var textureDraw = r.textureOnViewport && !forcedContext && (r.pinching || r.hoverData.dragging || r.swipePanning || r.data.wheelZooming); + var motionBlur = options.motionBlur !== undefined ? options.motionBlur : r.motionBlur; + var mbPxRatio = r.motionBlurPxRatio; + var hasCompoundNodes = cy.hasCompoundNodes(); + var inNodeDragGesture = r.hoverData.draggingEles; + var inBoxSelection = r.hoverData.selecting || r.touchData.selecting ? true : false; + motionBlur = motionBlur && !forcedContext && r.motionBlurEnabled && !inBoxSelection; + var motionBlurFadeEffect = motionBlur; + + if (!forcedContext) { + if (r.prevPxRatio !== pixelRatio) { + r.invalidateContainerClientCoordsCache(); + r.matchCanvasSize(r.container); + r.redrawHint('eles', true); + r.redrawHint('drag', true); + } + + r.prevPxRatio = pixelRatio; + } + + if (!forcedContext && r.motionBlurTimeout) { + clearTimeout(r.motionBlurTimeout); + } + + if (motionBlur) { + if (r.mbFrames == null) { + r.mbFrames = 0; + } + + r.mbFrames++; + + if (r.mbFrames < 3) { + // need several frames before even high quality motionblur + motionBlurFadeEffect = false; + } // go to lower quality blurry frames when several m/b frames have been rendered (avoids flashing) + + + if (r.mbFrames > r.minMbLowQualFrames) { + //r.fullQualityMb = false; + r.motionBlurPxRatio = r.mbPxRBlurry; + } + } + + if (r.clearingMotionBlur) { + r.motionBlurPxRatio = 1; + } // b/c drawToContext() may be async w.r.t. redraw(), keep track of last texture frame + // because a rogue async texture frame would clear needDraw + + + if (r.textureDrawLastFrame && !textureDraw) { + needDraw[r.NODE] = true; + needDraw[r.SELECT_BOX] = true; + } + + var style = cy.style(); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + var effectiveZoom = forcedZoom !== undefined ? forcedZoom : zoom; + var pan = cy.pan(); + var effectivePan = { + x: pan.x, + y: pan.y + }; + var vp = { + zoom: zoom, + pan: { + x: pan.x, + y: pan.y + } + }; + var prevVp = r.prevViewport; + var viewportIsDiff = prevVp === undefined || vp.zoom !== prevVp.zoom || vp.pan.x !== prevVp.pan.x || vp.pan.y !== prevVp.pan.y; // we want the low quality motionblur only when the viewport is being manipulated etc (where it's not noticed) + + if (!viewportIsDiff && !(inNodeDragGesture && !hasCompoundNodes)) { + r.motionBlurPxRatio = 1; + } + + if (forcedPan) { + effectivePan = forcedPan; + } // apply pixel ratio + + + effectiveZoom *= pixelRatio; + effectivePan.x *= pixelRatio; + effectivePan.y *= pixelRatio; + var eles = r.getCachedZSortedEles(); + + function mbclear(context, x, y, w, h) { + var gco = context.globalCompositeOperation; + context.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out'; + r.colorFillStyle(context, 255, 255, 255, r.motionBlurTransparency); + context.fillRect(x, y, w, h); + context.globalCompositeOperation = gco; + } + + function setContextTransform(context, clear) { + var ePan, eZoom, w, h; + + if (!r.clearingMotionBlur && (context === data.bufferContexts[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE] || context === data.bufferContexts[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG])) { + ePan = { + x: pan.x * mbPxRatio, + y: pan.y * mbPxRatio + }; + eZoom = zoom * mbPxRatio; + w = r.canvasWidth * mbPxRatio; + h = r.canvasHeight * mbPxRatio; + } else { + ePan = effectivePan; + eZoom = effectiveZoom; + w = r.canvasWidth; + h = r.canvasHeight; + } + + context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + + if (clear === 'motionBlur') { + mbclear(context, 0, 0, w, h); + } else if (!forcedContext && (clear === undefined || clear)) { + context.clearRect(0, 0, w, h); + } + + if (!drawAllLayers) { + context.translate(ePan.x, ePan.y); + context.scale(eZoom, eZoom); + } + + if (forcedPan) { + context.translate(forcedPan.x, forcedPan.y); + } + + if (forcedZoom) { + context.scale(forcedZoom, forcedZoom); + } + } + + if (!textureDraw) { + r.textureDrawLastFrame = false; + } + + if (textureDraw) { + r.textureDrawLastFrame = true; + + if (!r.textureCache) { + r.textureCache = {}; + r.textureCache.bb = cy.mutableElements().boundingBox(); + r.textureCache.texture = r.data.bufferCanvases[r.TEXTURE_BUFFER]; + var cxt = r.data.bufferContexts[r.TEXTURE_BUFFER]; + cxt.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + cxt.clearRect(0, 0, r.canvasWidth * r.textureMult, r.canvasHeight * r.textureMult); + r.render({ + forcedContext: cxt, + drawOnlyNodeLayer: true, + forcedPxRatio: pixelRatio * r.textureMult + }); + var vp = r.textureCache.viewport = { + zoom: cy.zoom(), + pan: cy.pan(), + width: r.canvasWidth, + height: r.canvasHeight + }; + vp.mpan = { + x: (0 - vp.pan.x) / vp.zoom, + y: (0 - vp.pan.y) / vp.zoom + }; + } + + needDraw[r.DRAG] = false; + needDraw[r.NODE] = false; + var context = data.contexts[r.NODE]; + var texture = r.textureCache.texture; + var vp = r.textureCache.viewport; + context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + + if (motionBlur) { + mbclear(context, 0, 0, vp.width, vp.height); + } else { + context.clearRect(0, 0, vp.width, vp.height); + } + + var outsideBgColor = style.core('outside-texture-bg-color').value; + var outsideBgOpacity = style.core('outside-texture-bg-opacity').value; + r.colorFillStyle(context, outsideBgColor[0], outsideBgColor[1], outsideBgColor[2], outsideBgOpacity); + context.fillRect(0, 0, vp.width, vp.height); + var zoom = cy.zoom(); + setContextTransform(context, false); + context.clearRect(vp.mpan.x, vp.mpan.y, vp.width / vp.zoom / pixelRatio, vp.height / vp.zoom / pixelRatio); + context.drawImage(texture, vp.mpan.x, vp.mpan.y, vp.width / vp.zoom / pixelRatio, vp.height / vp.zoom / pixelRatio); + } else if (r.textureOnViewport && !forcedContext) { + // clear the cache since we don't need it + r.textureCache = null; + } + + var extent = cy.extent(); + var vpManip = r.pinching || r.hoverData.dragging || r.swipePanning || r.data.wheelZooming || r.hoverData.draggingEles || r.cy.animated(); + var hideEdges = r.hideEdgesOnViewport && vpManip; + var needMbClear = []; + needMbClear[r.NODE] = !needDraw[r.NODE] && motionBlur && !r.clearedForMotionBlur[r.NODE] || r.clearingMotionBlur; + + if (needMbClear[r.NODE]) { + r.clearedForMotionBlur[r.NODE] = true; + } + + needMbClear[r.DRAG] = !needDraw[r.DRAG] && motionBlur && !r.clearedForMotionBlur[r.DRAG] || r.clearingMotionBlur; + + if (needMbClear[r.DRAG]) { + r.clearedForMotionBlur[r.DRAG] = true; + } + + if (needDraw[r.NODE] || drawAllLayers || drawOnlyNodeLayer || needMbClear[r.NODE]) { + var useBuffer = motionBlur && !needMbClear[r.NODE] && mbPxRatio !== 1; + var context = forcedContext || (useBuffer ? r.data.bufferContexts[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE] : data.contexts[r.NODE]); + var clear = motionBlur && !useBuffer ? 'motionBlur' : undefined; + setContextTransform(context, clear); + + if (hideEdges) { + r.drawCachedNodes(context, eles.nondrag, pixelRatio, extent); + } else { + r.drawLayeredElements(context, eles.nondrag, pixelRatio, extent); + } + + if (r.debug) { + r.drawDebugPoints(context, eles.nondrag); + } + + if (!drawAllLayers && !motionBlur) { + needDraw[r.NODE] = false; + } + } + + if (!drawOnlyNodeLayer && (needDraw[r.DRAG] || drawAllLayers || needMbClear[r.DRAG])) { + var useBuffer = motionBlur && !needMbClear[r.DRAG] && mbPxRatio !== 1; + var context = forcedContext || (useBuffer ? r.data.bufferContexts[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG] : data.contexts[r.DRAG]); + setContextTransform(context, motionBlur && !useBuffer ? 'motionBlur' : undefined); + + if (hideEdges) { + r.drawCachedNodes(context, eles.drag, pixelRatio, extent); + } else { + r.drawCachedElements(context, eles.drag, pixelRatio, extent); + } + + if (r.debug) { + r.drawDebugPoints(context, eles.drag); + } + + if (!drawAllLayers && !motionBlur) { + needDraw[r.DRAG] = false; + } + } + + if (r.showFps || !drawOnlyNodeLayer && needDraw[r.SELECT_BOX] && !drawAllLayers) { + var context = forcedContext || data.contexts[r.SELECT_BOX]; + setContextTransform(context); + + if (r.selection[4] == 1 && (r.hoverData.selecting || r.touchData.selecting)) { + var zoom = r.cy.zoom(); + var borderWidth = style.core('selection-box-border-width').value / zoom; + context.lineWidth = borderWidth; + context.fillStyle = 'rgba(' + style.core('selection-box-color').value[0] + ',' + style.core('selection-box-color').value[1] + ',' + style.core('selection-box-color').value[2] + ',' + style.core('selection-box-opacity').value + ')'; + context.fillRect(r.selection[0], r.selection[1], r.selection[2] - r.selection[0], r.selection[3] - r.selection[1]); + + if (borderWidth > 0) { + context.strokeStyle = 'rgba(' + style.core('selection-box-border-color').value[0] + ',' + style.core('selection-box-border-color').value[1] + ',' + style.core('selection-box-border-color').value[2] + ',' + style.core('selection-box-opacity').value + ')'; + context.strokeRect(r.selection[0], r.selection[1], r.selection[2] - r.selection[0], r.selection[3] - r.selection[1]); + } + } + + if (data.bgActivePosistion && !r.hoverData.selecting) { + var zoom = r.cy.zoom(); + var pos = data.bgActivePosistion; + context.fillStyle = 'rgba(' + style.core('active-bg-color').value[0] + ',' + style.core('active-bg-color').value[1] + ',' + style.core('active-bg-color').value[2] + ',' + style.core('active-bg-opacity').value + ')'; + context.beginPath(); + context.arc(pos.x, pos.y, style.core('active-bg-size').pfValue / zoom, 0, 2 * Math.PI); + context.fill(); + } + + var timeToRender = r.lastRedrawTime; + + if (r.showFps && timeToRender) { + timeToRender = Math.round(timeToRender); + var fps = Math.round(1000 / timeToRender); + context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + context.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75)'; + context.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75)'; + context.lineWidth = 1; + context.fillText('1 frame = ' + timeToRender + ' ms = ' + fps + ' fps', 0, 20); + var maxFps = 60; + context.strokeRect(0, 30, 250, 20); + context.fillRect(0, 30, 250 * Math.min(fps / maxFps, 1), 20); + } + + if (!drawAllLayers) { + needDraw[r.SELECT_BOX] = false; + } + } // motionblur: blit rendered blurry frames + + + if (motionBlur && mbPxRatio !== 1) { + var cxtNode = data.contexts[r.NODE]; + var txtNode = r.data.bufferCanvases[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE]; + var cxtDrag = data.contexts[r.DRAG]; + var txtDrag = r.data.bufferCanvases[r.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG]; + + var drawMotionBlur = function drawMotionBlur(cxt, txt, needClear) { + cxt.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); + + if (needClear || !motionBlurFadeEffect) { + cxt.clearRect(0, 0, r.canvasWidth, r.canvasHeight); + } else { + mbclear(cxt, 0, 0, r.canvasWidth, r.canvasHeight); + } + + var pxr = mbPxRatio; + cxt.drawImage(txt, // img + 0, 0, // sx, sy + r.canvasWidth * pxr, r.canvasHeight * pxr, // sw, sh + 0, 0, // x, y + r.canvasWidth, r.canvasHeight // w, h + ); + }; + + if (needDraw[r.NODE] || needMbClear[r.NODE]) { + drawMotionBlur(cxtNode, txtNode, needMbClear[r.NODE]); + needDraw[r.NODE] = false; + } + + if (needDraw[r.DRAG] || needMbClear[r.DRAG]) { + drawMotionBlur(cxtDrag, txtDrag, needMbClear[r.DRAG]); + needDraw[r.DRAG] = false; + } + } + + r.prevViewport = vp; + + if (r.clearingMotionBlur) { + r.clearingMotionBlur = false; + r.motionBlurCleared = true; + r.motionBlur = true; + } + + if (motionBlur) { + r.motionBlurTimeout = setTimeout(function () { + r.motionBlurTimeout = null; + r.clearedForMotionBlur[r.NODE] = false; + r.clearedForMotionBlur[r.DRAG] = false; + r.motionBlur = false; + r.clearingMotionBlur = !textureDraw; + r.mbFrames = 0; + needDraw[r.NODE] = true; + needDraw[r.DRAG] = true; + r.redraw(); + }, motionBlurDelay); + } + + if (!forcedContext) { + cy.emit('render'); + } +}; + +var CRp$3 = {}; // @O Polygon drawing + +CRp$3.drawPolygonPath = function (context, x, y, width, height, points) { + var halfW = width / 2; + var halfH = height / 2; + + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + context.moveTo(x + halfW * points[0], y + halfH * points[1]); + + for (var i = 1; i < points.length / 2; i++) { + context.lineTo(x + halfW * points[i * 2], y + halfH * points[i * 2 + 1]); + } + + context.closePath(); +}; + +CRp$3.drawRoundPolygonPath = function (context, x, y, width, height, points) { + var halfW = width / 2; + var halfH = height / 2; + var cornerRadius = getRoundPolygonRadius(width, height); + + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + for (var _i = 0; _i < points.length / 4; _i++) { + var sourceUv = void 0, + destUv = void 0; + + if (_i === 0) { + sourceUv = points.length - 2; + } else { + sourceUv = _i * 4 - 2; + } + + destUv = _i * 4 + 2; + var px = x + halfW * points[_i * 4]; + var py = y + halfH * points[_i * 4 + 1]; + var cosTheta = -points[sourceUv] * points[destUv] - points[sourceUv + 1] * points[destUv + 1]; + var offset = cornerRadius / Math.tan(Math.acos(cosTheta) / 2); + var cp0x = px - offset * points[sourceUv]; + var cp0y = py - offset * points[sourceUv + 1]; + var cp1x = px + offset * points[destUv]; + var cp1y = py + offset * points[destUv + 1]; + + if (_i === 0) { + context.moveTo(cp0x, cp0y); + } else { + context.lineTo(cp0x, cp0y); + } + + context.arcTo(px, py, cp1x, cp1y, cornerRadius); + } + + context.closePath(); +}; // Round rectangle drawing + + +CRp$3.drawRoundRectanglePath = function (context, x, y, width, height) { + var halfWidth = width / 2; + var halfHeight = height / 2; + var cornerRadius = getRoundRectangleRadius(width, height); + + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } // Start at top middle + + + context.moveTo(x, y - halfHeight); // Arc from middle top to right side + + context.arcTo(x + halfWidth, y - halfHeight, x + halfWidth, y, cornerRadius); // Arc from right side to bottom + + context.arcTo(x + halfWidth, y + halfHeight, x, y + halfHeight, cornerRadius); // Arc from bottom to left side + + context.arcTo(x - halfWidth, y + halfHeight, x - halfWidth, y, cornerRadius); // Arc from left side to topBorder + + context.arcTo(x - halfWidth, y - halfHeight, x, y - halfHeight, cornerRadius); // Join line + + context.lineTo(x, y - halfHeight); + context.closePath(); +}; + +CRp$3.drawBottomRoundRectanglePath = function (context, x, y, width, height) { + var halfWidth = width / 2; + var halfHeight = height / 2; + var cornerRadius = getRoundRectangleRadius(width, height); + + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } // Start at top middle + + + context.moveTo(x, y - halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x + halfWidth, y - halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x + halfWidth, y); + context.arcTo(x + halfWidth, y + halfHeight, x, y + halfHeight, cornerRadius); + context.arcTo(x - halfWidth, y + halfHeight, x - halfWidth, y, cornerRadius); + context.lineTo(x - halfWidth, y - halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x, y - halfHeight); + context.closePath(); +}; + +CRp$3.drawCutRectanglePath = function (context, x, y, width, height) { + var halfWidth = width / 2; + var halfHeight = height / 2; + var cornerLength = getCutRectangleCornerLength(); + + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + context.moveTo(x - halfWidth + cornerLength, y - halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x + halfWidth - cornerLength, y - halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x + halfWidth, y - halfHeight + cornerLength); + context.lineTo(x + halfWidth, y + halfHeight - cornerLength); + context.lineTo(x + halfWidth - cornerLength, y + halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x - halfWidth + cornerLength, y + halfHeight); + context.lineTo(x - halfWidth, y + halfHeight - cornerLength); + context.lineTo(x - halfWidth, y - halfHeight + cornerLength); + context.closePath(); +}; + +CRp$3.drawBarrelPath = function (context, x, y, width, height) { + var halfWidth = width / 2; + var halfHeight = height / 2; + var xBegin = x - halfWidth; + var xEnd = x + halfWidth; + var yBegin = y - halfHeight; + var yEnd = y + halfHeight; + var barrelCurveConstants = getBarrelCurveConstants(width, height); + var wOffset = barrelCurveConstants.widthOffset; + var hOffset = barrelCurveConstants.heightOffset; + var ctrlPtXOffset = barrelCurveConstants.ctrlPtOffsetPct * wOffset; + + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + context.moveTo(xBegin, yBegin + hOffset); + context.lineTo(xBegin, yEnd - hOffset); + context.quadraticCurveTo(xBegin + ctrlPtXOffset, yEnd, xBegin + wOffset, yEnd); + context.lineTo(xEnd - wOffset, yEnd); + context.quadraticCurveTo(xEnd - ctrlPtXOffset, yEnd, xEnd, yEnd - hOffset); + context.lineTo(xEnd, yBegin + hOffset); + context.quadraticCurveTo(xEnd - ctrlPtXOffset, yBegin, xEnd - wOffset, yBegin); + context.lineTo(xBegin + wOffset, yBegin); + context.quadraticCurveTo(xBegin + ctrlPtXOffset, yBegin, xBegin, yBegin + hOffset); + context.closePath(); +}; + +var sin0 = Math.sin(0); +var cos0 = Math.cos(0); +var sin = {}; +var cos = {}; +var ellipseStepSize = Math.PI / 40; + +for (var i = 0 * Math.PI; i < 2 * Math.PI; i += ellipseStepSize) { + sin[i] = Math.sin(i); + cos[i] = Math.cos(i); +} + +CRp$3.drawEllipsePath = function (context, centerX, centerY, width, height) { + if (context.beginPath) { + context.beginPath(); + } + + if (context.ellipse) { + context.ellipse(centerX, centerY, width / 2, height / 2, 0, 0, 2 * Math.PI); + } else { + var xPos, yPos; + var rw = width / 2; + var rh = height / 2; + + for (var i = 0 * Math.PI; i < 2 * Math.PI; i += ellipseStepSize) { + xPos = centerX - rw * sin[i] * sin0 + rw * cos[i] * cos0; + yPos = centerY + rh * cos[i] * sin0 + rh * sin[i] * cos0; + + if (i === 0) { + context.moveTo(xPos, yPos); + } else { + context.lineTo(xPos, yPos); + } + } + } + + context.closePath(); +}; + +/* global atob, ArrayBuffer, Uint8Array, Blob */ +var CRp$2 = {}; + +CRp$2.createBuffer = function (w, h) { + var buffer = document.createElement('canvas'); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + buffer.width = w; + buffer.height = h; + return [buffer, buffer.getContext('2d')]; +}; + +CRp$2.bufferCanvasImage = function (options) { + var cy = this.cy; + var eles = cy.mutableElements(); + var bb = eles.boundingBox(); + var ctrRect = this.findContainerClientCoords(); + var width = options.full ? Math.ceil(bb.w) : ctrRect[2]; + var height = options.full ? Math.ceil(bb.h) : ctrRect[3]; + var specdMaxDims = number$1(options.maxWidth) || number$1(options.maxHeight); + var pxRatio = this.getPixelRatio(); + var scale = 1; + + if (options.scale !== undefined) { + width *= options.scale; + height *= options.scale; + scale = options.scale; + } else if (specdMaxDims) { + var maxScaleW = Infinity; + var maxScaleH = Infinity; + + if (number$1(options.maxWidth)) { + maxScaleW = scale * options.maxWidth / width; + } + + if (number$1(options.maxHeight)) { + maxScaleH = scale * options.maxHeight / height; + } + + scale = Math.min(maxScaleW, maxScaleH); + width *= scale; + height *= scale; + } + + if (!specdMaxDims) { + width *= pxRatio; + height *= pxRatio; + scale *= pxRatio; + } + + var buffCanvas = document.createElement('canvas'); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + buffCanvas.width = width; + buffCanvas.height = height; + buffCanvas.style.width = width + 'px'; + buffCanvas.style.height = height + 'px'; + var buffCxt = buffCanvas.getContext('2d'); // Rasterize the layers, but only if container has nonzero size + + if (width > 0 && height > 0) { + buffCxt.clearRect(0, 0, width, height); + buffCxt.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-over'; + var zsortedEles = this.getCachedZSortedEles(); + + if (options.full) { + // draw the full bounds of the graph + buffCxt.translate(-bb.x1 * scale, -bb.y1 * scale); + buffCxt.scale(scale, scale); + this.drawElements(buffCxt, zsortedEles); + buffCxt.scale(1 / scale, 1 / scale); + buffCxt.translate(bb.x1 * scale, bb.y1 * scale); + } else { + // draw the current view + var pan = cy.pan(); + var translation = { + x: pan.x * scale, + y: pan.y * scale + }; + scale *= cy.zoom(); + buffCxt.translate(translation.x, translation.y); + buffCxt.scale(scale, scale); + this.drawElements(buffCxt, zsortedEles); + buffCxt.scale(1 / scale, 1 / scale); + buffCxt.translate(-translation.x, -translation.y); + } // need to fill bg at end like this in order to fill cleared transparent pixels in jpgs + + + if (options.bg) { + buffCxt.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-over'; + buffCxt.fillStyle = options.bg; + buffCxt.rect(0, 0, width, height); + buffCxt.fill(); + } + } + + return buffCanvas; +}; + +function b64ToBlob(b64, mimeType) { + var bytes = atob(b64); + var buff = new ArrayBuffer(bytes.length); + var buffUint8 = new Uint8Array(buff); + + for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { + buffUint8[i] = bytes.charCodeAt(i); + } + + return new Blob([buff], { + type: mimeType + }); +} + +function b64UriToB64(b64uri) { + var i = b64uri.indexOf(','); + return b64uri.substr(i + 1); +} + +function output(options, canvas, mimeType) { + var getB64Uri = function getB64Uri() { + return canvas.toDataURL(mimeType, options.quality); + }; + + switch (options.output) { + case 'blob-promise': + return new Promise$1(function (resolve, reject) { + try { + canvas.toBlob(function (blob) { + if (blob != null) { + resolve(blob); + } else { + reject(new Error('`canvas.toBlob()` sent a null value in its callback')); + } + }, mimeType, options.quality); + } catch (err) { + reject(err); + } + }); + + case 'blob': + return b64ToBlob(b64UriToB64(getB64Uri()), mimeType); + + case 'base64': + return b64UriToB64(getB64Uri()); + + case 'base64uri': + default: + return getB64Uri(); + } +} + +CRp$2.png = function (options) { + return output(options, this.bufferCanvasImage(options), 'image/png'); +}; + +CRp$2.jpg = function (options) { + return output(options, this.bufferCanvasImage(options), 'image/jpeg'); +}; + +var CRp$1 = {}; + +CRp$1.nodeShapeImpl = function (name, context, centerX, centerY, width, height, points) { + switch (name) { + case 'ellipse': + return this.drawEllipsePath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + + case 'polygon': + return this.drawPolygonPath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height, points); + + case 'round-polygon': + return this.drawRoundPolygonPath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height, points); + + case 'roundrectangle': + case 'round-rectangle': + return this.drawRoundRectanglePath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + + case 'cutrectangle': + case 'cut-rectangle': + return this.drawCutRectanglePath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + + case 'bottomroundrectangle': + case 'bottom-round-rectangle': + return this.drawBottomRoundRectanglePath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + + case 'barrel': + return this.drawBarrelPath(context, centerX, centerY, width, height); + } +}; + +var CR = CanvasRenderer; +var CRp = CanvasRenderer.prototype; +CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS = 3; // + +CRp.SELECT_BOX = 0; +CRp.DRAG = 1; +CRp.NODE = 2; +CRp.BUFFER_COUNT = 3; // + +CRp.TEXTURE_BUFFER = 0; +CRp.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_NODE = 1; +CRp.MOTIONBLUR_BUFFER_DRAG = 2; + +function CanvasRenderer(options) { + var r = this; + r.data = { + canvases: new Array(CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS), + contexts: new Array(CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS), + canvasNeedsRedraw: new Array(CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS), + bufferCanvases: new Array(CRp.BUFFER_COUNT), + bufferContexts: new Array(CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS) + }; + var tapHlOffAttr = '-webkit-tap-highlight-color'; + var tapHlOffStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0)'; + r.data.canvasContainer = document.createElement('div'); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + var containerStyle = r.data.canvasContainer.style; + r.data.canvasContainer.style[tapHlOffAttr] = tapHlOffStyle; + containerStyle.position = 'relative'; + containerStyle.zIndex = '0'; + containerStyle.overflow = 'hidden'; + var container = options.cy.container(); + container.appendChild(r.data.canvasContainer); + container.style[tapHlOffAttr] = tapHlOffStyle; + var styleMap = { + '-webkit-user-select': 'none', + '-moz-user-select': '-moz-none', + 'user-select': 'none', + '-webkit-tap-highlight-color': 'rgba(0,0,0,0)', + 'outline-style': 'none' + }; + + if (ms()) { + styleMap['-ms-touch-action'] = 'none'; + styleMap['touch-action'] = 'none'; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS; i++) { + var canvas = r.data.canvases[i] = document.createElement('canvas'); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + r.data.contexts[i] = canvas.getContext('2d'); + Object.keys(styleMap).forEach(function (k) { + canvas.style[k] = styleMap[k]; + }); + canvas.style.position = 'absolute'; + canvas.setAttribute('data-id', 'layer' + i); + canvas.style.zIndex = String(CRp.CANVAS_LAYERS - i); + r.data.canvasContainer.appendChild(canvas); + r.data.canvasNeedsRedraw[i] = false; + } + + r.data.topCanvas = r.data.canvases[0]; + r.data.canvases[CRp.NODE].setAttribute('data-id', 'layer' + CRp.NODE + '-node'); + r.data.canvases[CRp.SELECT_BOX].setAttribute('data-id', 'layer' + CRp.SELECT_BOX + '-selectbox'); + r.data.canvases[CRp.DRAG].setAttribute('data-id', 'layer' + CRp.DRAG + '-drag'); + + for (var i = 0; i < CRp.BUFFER_COUNT; i++) { + r.data.bufferCanvases[i] = document.createElement('canvas'); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + r.data.bufferContexts[i] = r.data.bufferCanvases[i].getContext('2d'); + r.data.bufferCanvases[i].style.position = 'absolute'; + r.data.bufferCanvases[i].setAttribute('data-id', 'buffer' + i); + r.data.bufferCanvases[i].style.zIndex = String(-i - 1); + r.data.bufferCanvases[i].style.visibility = 'hidden'; //r.data.canvasContainer.appendChild(r.data.bufferCanvases[i]); + } + + r.pathsEnabled = true; + var emptyBb = makeBoundingBox(); + + var getBoxCenter = function getBoxCenter(bb) { + return { + x: (bb.x1 + bb.x2) / 2, + y: (bb.y1 + bb.y2) / 2 + }; + }; + + var getCenterOffset = function getCenterOffset(bb) { + return { + x: -bb.w / 2, + y: -bb.h / 2 + }; + }; + + var backgroundTimestampHasChanged = function backgroundTimestampHasChanged(ele) { + var _p = ele[0]._private; + var same = _p.oldBackgroundTimestamp === _p.backgroundTimestamp; + return !same; + }; + + var getStyleKey = function getStyleKey(ele) { + return ele[0]._private.nodeKey; + }; + + var getLabelKey = function getLabelKey(ele) { + return ele[0]._private.labelStyleKey; + }; + + var getSourceLabelKey = function getSourceLabelKey(ele) { + return ele[0]._private.sourceLabelStyleKey; + }; + + var getTargetLabelKey = function getTargetLabelKey(ele) { + return ele[0]._private.targetLabelStyleKey; + }; + + var drawElement = function drawElement(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, useEleOpacity) { + return r.drawElement(context, ele, bb, false, false, useEleOpacity); + }; + + var drawLabel = function drawLabel(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, useEleOpacity) { + return r.drawElementText(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, 'main', useEleOpacity); + }; + + var drawSourceLabel = function drawSourceLabel(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, useEleOpacity) { + return r.drawElementText(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, 'source', useEleOpacity); + }; + + var drawTargetLabel = function drawTargetLabel(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, useEleOpacity) { + return r.drawElementText(context, ele, bb, scaledLabelShown, 'target', useEleOpacity); + }; + + var getElementBox = function getElementBox(ele) { + ele.boundingBox(); + return ele[0]._private.bodyBounds; + }; + + var getLabelBox = function getLabelBox(ele) { + ele.boundingBox(); + return ele[0]._private.labelBounds.main || emptyBb; + }; + + var getSourceLabelBox = function getSourceLabelBox(ele) { + ele.boundingBox(); + return ele[0]._private.labelBounds.source || emptyBb; + }; + + var getTargetLabelBox = function getTargetLabelBox(ele) { + ele.boundingBox(); + return ele[0]._private.labelBounds.target || emptyBb; + }; + + var isLabelVisibleAtScale = function isLabelVisibleAtScale(ele, scaledLabelShown) { + return scaledLabelShown; + }; + + var getElementRotationPoint = function getElementRotationPoint(ele) { + return getBoxCenter(getElementBox(ele)); + }; + + var addTextMargin = function addTextMargin(prefix, pt, ele) { + var pre = prefix ? prefix + '-' : ''; + return { + x: pt.x + ele.pstyle(pre + 'text-margin-x').pfValue, + y: pt.y + ele.pstyle(pre + 'text-margin-y').pfValue + }; + }; + + var getRsPt = function getRsPt(ele, x, y) { + var rs = ele[0]._private.rscratch; + return { + x: rs[x], + y: rs[y] + }; + }; + + var getLabelRotationPoint = function getLabelRotationPoint(ele) { + return addTextMargin('', getRsPt(ele, 'labelX', 'labelY'), ele); + }; + + var getSourceLabelRotationPoint = function getSourceLabelRotationPoint(ele) { + return addTextMargin('source', getRsPt(ele, 'sourceLabelX', 'sourceLabelY'), ele); + }; + + var getTargetLabelRotationPoint = function getTargetLabelRotationPoint(ele) { + return addTextMargin('target', getRsPt(ele, 'targetLabelX', 'targetLabelY'), ele); + }; + + var getElementRotationOffset = function getElementRotationOffset(ele) { + return getCenterOffset(getElementBox(ele)); + }; + + var getSourceLabelRotationOffset = function getSourceLabelRotationOffset(ele) { + return getCenterOffset(getSourceLabelBox(ele)); + }; + + var getTargetLabelRotationOffset = function getTargetLabelRotationOffset(ele) { + return getCenterOffset(getTargetLabelBox(ele)); + }; + + var getLabelRotationOffset = function getLabelRotationOffset(ele) { + var bb = getLabelBox(ele); + var p = getCenterOffset(getLabelBox(ele)); + + if (ele.isNode()) { + switch (ele.pstyle('text-halign').value) { + case 'left': + p.x = -bb.w; + break; + + case 'right': + p.x = 0; + break; + } + + switch (ele.pstyle('text-valign').value) { + case 'top': + p.y = -bb.h; + break; + + case 'bottom': + p.y = 0; + break; + } + } + + return p; + }; + + var eleTxrCache = r.data.eleTxrCache = new ElementTextureCache(r, { + getKey: getStyleKey, + doesEleInvalidateKey: backgroundTimestampHasChanged, + drawElement: drawElement, + getBoundingBox: getElementBox, + getRotationPoint: getElementRotationPoint, + getRotationOffset: getElementRotationOffset, + allowEdgeTxrCaching: false, + allowParentTxrCaching: false + }); + var lblTxrCache = r.data.lblTxrCache = new ElementTextureCache(r, { + getKey: getLabelKey, + drawElement: drawLabel, + getBoundingBox: getLabelBox, + getRotationPoint: getLabelRotationPoint, + getRotationOffset: getLabelRotationOffset, + isVisible: isLabelVisibleAtScale + }); + var slbTxrCache = r.data.slbTxrCache = new ElementTextureCache(r, { + getKey: getSourceLabelKey, + drawElement: drawSourceLabel, + getBoundingBox: getSourceLabelBox, + getRotationPoint: getSourceLabelRotationPoint, + getRotationOffset: getSourceLabelRotationOffset, + isVisible: isLabelVisibleAtScale + }); + var tlbTxrCache = r.data.tlbTxrCache = new ElementTextureCache(r, { + getKey: getTargetLabelKey, + drawElement: drawTargetLabel, + getBoundingBox: getTargetLabelBox, + getRotationPoint: getTargetLabelRotationPoint, + getRotationOffset: getTargetLabelRotationOffset, + isVisible: isLabelVisibleAtScale + }); + var lyrTxrCache = r.data.lyrTxrCache = new LayeredTextureCache(r); + r.onUpdateEleCalcs(function invalidateTextureCaches(willDraw, eles) { + // each cache should check for sub-key diff to see that the update affects that cache particularly + eleTxrCache.invalidateElements(eles); + lblTxrCache.invalidateElements(eles); + slbTxrCache.invalidateElements(eles); + tlbTxrCache.invalidateElements(eles); // any change invalidates the layers + + lyrTxrCache.invalidateElements(eles); // update the old bg timestamp so diffs can be done in the ele txr caches + + for (var _i = 0; _i < eles.length; _i++) { + var _p = eles[_i]._private; + _p.oldBackgroundTimestamp = _p.backgroundTimestamp; + } + }); + + var refineInLayers = function refineInLayers(reqs) { + for (var i = 0; i < reqs.length; i++) { + lyrTxrCache.enqueueElementRefinement(reqs[i].ele); + } + }; + + eleTxrCache.onDequeue(refineInLayers); + lblTxrCache.onDequeue(refineInLayers); + slbTxrCache.onDequeue(refineInLayers); + tlbTxrCache.onDequeue(refineInLayers); +} + +CRp.redrawHint = function (group, bool) { + var r = this; + + switch (group) { + case 'eles': + r.data.canvasNeedsRedraw[CRp.NODE] = bool; + break; + + case 'drag': + r.data.canvasNeedsRedraw[CRp.DRAG] = bool; + break; + + case 'select': + r.data.canvasNeedsRedraw[CRp.SELECT_BOX] = bool; + break; + } +}; // whether to use Path2D caching for drawing + + +var pathsImpld = typeof Path2D !== 'undefined'; + +CRp.path2dEnabled = function (on) { + if (on === undefined) { + return this.pathsEnabled; + } + + this.pathsEnabled = on ? true : false; +}; + +CRp.usePaths = function () { + return pathsImpld && this.pathsEnabled; +}; + +CRp.setImgSmoothing = function (context, bool) { + if (context.imageSmoothingEnabled != null) { + context.imageSmoothingEnabled = bool; + } else { + context.webkitImageSmoothingEnabled = bool; + context.mozImageSmoothingEnabled = bool; + context.msImageSmoothingEnabled = bool; + } +}; + +CRp.getImgSmoothing = function (context) { + if (context.imageSmoothingEnabled != null) { + return context.imageSmoothingEnabled; + } else { + return context.webkitImageSmoothingEnabled || context.mozImageSmoothingEnabled || context.msImageSmoothingEnabled; + } +}; + +CRp.makeOffscreenCanvas = function (width, height) { + var canvas; + + if ((typeof OffscreenCanvas === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(OffscreenCanvas)) !== ("undefined" )) { + canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(width, height); + } else { + canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); // eslint-disable-line no-undef + + canvas.width = width; + canvas.height = height; + } + + return canvas; +}; + +[CRp$a, CRp$9, CRp$8, CRp$7, CRp$6, CRp$5, CRp$4, CRp$3, CRp$2, CRp$1].forEach(function (props) { + extend(CRp, props); +}); + +var renderer = [{ + name: 'null', + impl: NullRenderer +}, { + name: 'base', + impl: BR +}, { + name: 'canvas', + impl: CR +}]; + +var incExts = [{ + type: 'layout', + extensions: layout +}, { + type: 'renderer', + extensions: renderer +}]; + +var extensions = {}; // registered modules for extensions, indexed by name + +var modules = {}; + +function setExtension(type, name, registrant) { + var ext = registrant; + + var overrideErr = function overrideErr(field) { + warn('Can not register `' + name + '` for `' + type + '` since `' + field + '` already exists in the prototype and can not be overridden'); + }; + + if (type === 'core') { + if (Core.prototype[name]) { + return overrideErr(name); + } else { + Core.prototype[name] = registrant; + } + } else if (type === 'collection') { + if (Collection.prototype[name]) { + return overrideErr(name); + } else { + Collection.prototype[name] = registrant; + } + } else if (type === 'layout') { + // fill in missing layout functions in the prototype + var Layout = function Layout(options) { + this.options = options; + registrant.call(this, options); // make sure layout has _private for use w/ std apis like .on() + + if (!plainObject(this._private)) { + this._private = {}; + } + + this._private.cy = options.cy; + this._private.listeners = []; + this.createEmitter(); + }; + + var layoutProto = Layout.prototype = Object.create(registrant.prototype); + var optLayoutFns = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < optLayoutFns.length; i++) { + var fnName = optLayoutFns[i]; + + layoutProto[fnName] = layoutProto[fnName] || function () { + return this; + }; + } // either .start() or .run() is defined, so autogen the other + + + if (layoutProto.start && !layoutProto.run) { + layoutProto.run = function () { + this.start(); + return this; + }; + } else if (!layoutProto.start && layoutProto.run) { + layoutProto.start = function () { + this.run(); + return this; + }; + } + + var regStop = registrant.prototype.stop; + + layoutProto.stop = function () { + var opts = this.options; + + if (opts && opts.animate) { + var anis = this.animations; + + if (anis) { + for (var _i = 0; _i < anis.length; _i++) { + anis[_i].stop(); + } + } + } + + if (regStop) { + regStop.call(this); + } else { + this.emit('layoutstop'); + } + + return this; + }; + + if (!layoutProto.destroy) { + layoutProto.destroy = function () { + return this; + }; + } + + layoutProto.cy = function () { + return this._private.cy; + }; + + var getCy = function getCy(layout) { + return layout._private.cy; + }; + + var emitterOpts = { + addEventFields: function addEventFields(layout, evt) { + evt.layout = layout; + evt.cy = getCy(layout); + evt.target = layout; + }, + bubble: function bubble() { + return true; + }, + parent: function parent(layout) { + return getCy(layout); + } + }; + extend(layoutProto, { + createEmitter: function createEmitter() { + this._private.emitter = new Emitter(emitterOpts, this); + return this; + }, + emitter: function emitter() { + return this._private.emitter; + }, + on: function on(evt, cb) { + this.emitter().on(evt, cb); + return this; + }, + one: function one(evt, cb) { + this.emitter().one(evt, cb); + return this; + }, + once: function once(evt, cb) { + this.emitter().one(evt, cb); + return this; + }, + removeListener: function removeListener(evt, cb) { + this.emitter().removeListener(evt, cb); + return this; + }, + removeAllListeners: function removeAllListeners() { + this.emitter().removeAllListeners(); + return this; + }, + emit: function emit(evt, params) { + this.emitter().emit(evt, params); + return this; + } + }); + define.eventAliasesOn(layoutProto); + ext = Layout; // replace with our wrapped layout + } else if (type === 'renderer' && name !== 'null' && name !== 'base') { + // user registered renderers inherit from base + var BaseRenderer = getExtension('renderer', 'base'); + var bProto = BaseRenderer.prototype; + var RegistrantRenderer = registrant; + var rProto = registrant.prototype; + + var Renderer = function Renderer() { + BaseRenderer.apply(this, arguments); + RegistrantRenderer.apply(this, arguments); + }; + + var proto = Renderer.prototype; + + for (var pName in bProto) { + var pVal = bProto[pName]; + var existsInR = rProto[pName] != null; + + if (existsInR) { + return overrideErr(pName); + } + + proto[pName] = pVal; // take impl from base + } + + for (var _pName in rProto) { + proto[_pName] = rProto[_pName]; // take impl from registrant + } + + bProto.clientFunctions.forEach(function (name) { + proto[name] = proto[name] || function () { + error('Renderer does not implement `renderer.' + name + '()` on its prototype'); + }; + }); + ext = Renderer; + } else if (type === '__proto__' || type === 'constructor' || type === 'prototype') { + // to avoid potential prototype pollution + return error(type + ' is an illegal type to be registered, possibly lead to prototype pollutions'); + } + + return setMap({ + map: extensions, + keys: [type, name], + value: ext + }); +} + +function getExtension(type, name) { + return getMap({ + map: extensions, + keys: [type, name] + }); +} + +function setModule(type, name, moduleType, moduleName, registrant) { + return setMap({ + map: modules, + keys: [type, name, moduleType, moduleName], + value: registrant + }); +} + +function getModule(type, name, moduleType, moduleName) { + return getMap({ + map: modules, + keys: [type, name, moduleType, moduleName] + }); +} + +var extension = function extension() { + // e.g. extension('renderer', 'svg') + if (arguments.length === 2) { + return getExtension.apply(null, arguments); + } // e.g. extension('renderer', 'svg', { ... }) + else if (arguments.length === 3) { + return setExtension.apply(null, arguments); + } // e.g. extension('renderer', 'svg', 'nodeShape', 'ellipse') + else if (arguments.length === 4) { + return getModule.apply(null, arguments); + } // e.g. extension('renderer', 'svg', 'nodeShape', 'ellipse', { ... }) + else if (arguments.length === 5) { + return setModule.apply(null, arguments); + } else { + error('Invalid extension access syntax'); + } +}; // allows a core instance to access extensions internally + + +Core.prototype.extension = extension; // included extensions + +incExts.forEach(function (group) { + group.extensions.forEach(function (ext) { + setExtension(group.type, ext.name, ext.impl); + }); +}); + +// (useful for init) + +var Stylesheet = function Stylesheet() { + if (!(this instanceof Stylesheet)) { + return new Stylesheet(); + } + + this.length = 0; +}; + +var sheetfn = Stylesheet.prototype; + +sheetfn.instanceString = function () { + return 'stylesheet'; +}; // just store the selector to be parsed later + + +sheetfn.selector = function (selector) { + var i = this.length++; + this[i] = { + selector: selector, + properties: [] + }; + return this; // chaining +}; // just store the property to be parsed later + + +sheetfn.css = function (name, value) { + var i = this.length - 1; + + if (string(name)) { + this[i].properties.push({ + name: name, + value: value + }); + } else if (plainObject(name)) { + var map = name; + var propNames = Object.keys(map); + + for (var j = 0; j < propNames.length; j++) { + var key = propNames[j]; + var mapVal = map[key]; + + if (mapVal == null) { + continue; + } + + var prop = Style.properties[key] || Style.properties[dash2camel(key)]; + + if (prop == null) { + continue; + } + + var _name = prop.name; + var _value = mapVal; + this[i].properties.push({ + name: _name, + value: _value + }); + } + } + + return this; // chaining +}; + +sheetfn.style = sheetfn.css; // generate a real style object from the dummy stylesheet + +sheetfn.generateStyle = function (cy) { + var style = new Style(cy); + return this.appendToStyle(style); +}; // append a dummy stylesheet object on a real style object + + +sheetfn.appendToStyle = function (style) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) { + var context = this[i]; + var selector = context.selector; + var props = context.properties; + style.selector(selector); // apply selector + + for (var j = 0; j < props.length; j++) { + var prop = props[j]; + style.css(prop.name, prop.value); // apply property + } + } + + return style; +}; + +var version = "3.23.0"; + +var cytoscape = function cytoscape(options) { + // if no options specified, use default + if (options === undefined) { + options = {}; + } // create instance + + + if (plainObject(options)) { + return new Core(options); + } // allow for registration of extensions + else if (string(options)) { + return extension.apply(extension, arguments); + } +}; // e.g. cytoscape.use( require('cytoscape-foo'), bar ) + + +cytoscape.use = function (ext) { + var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1); // args to pass to ext + + args.unshift(cytoscape); // cytoscape is first arg to ext + + ext.apply(null, args); + return this; +}; + +cytoscape.warnings = function (bool) { + return warnings(bool); +}; // replaced by build system + + +cytoscape.version = version; // expose public apis (mostly for extensions) + +cytoscape.stylesheet = cytoscape.Stylesheet = Stylesheet; + +module.exports = cytoscape; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 54485: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +module.exports = __webpack_require__(22894); + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 22894: +/***/ (function(module, exports) { + +var __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_FACTORY__, __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_ARRAY__, __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_RESULT__;// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.8.0 +(function() { + var Heap, defaultCmp, floor, heapify, heappop, heappush, heappushpop, heapreplace, insort, min, nlargest, nsmallest, updateItem, _siftdown, _siftup; + + floor = Math.floor, min = Math.min; + + + /* + Default comparison function to be used + */ + + defaultCmp = function(x, y) { + if (x < y) { + return -1; + } + if (x > y) { + return 1; + } + return 0; + }; + + + /* + Insert item x in list a, and keep it sorted assuming a is sorted. + + If x is already in a, insert it to the right of the rightmost x. + + Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default a.length) bound the slice + of a to be searched. + */ + + insort = function(a, x, lo, hi, cmp) { + var mid; + if (lo == null) { + lo = 0; + } + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + if (lo < 0) { + throw new Error('lo must be non-negative'); + } + if (hi == null) { + hi = a.length; + } + while (lo < hi) { + mid = floor((lo + hi) / 2); + if (cmp(x, a[mid]) < 0) { + hi = mid; + } else { + lo = mid + 1; + } + } + return ([].splice.apply(a, [lo, lo - lo].concat(x)), x); + }; + + + /* + Push item onto heap, maintaining the heap invariant. + */ + + heappush = function(array, item, cmp) { + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + array.push(item); + return _siftdown(array, 0, array.length - 1, cmp); + }; + + + /* + Pop the smallest item off the heap, maintaining the heap invariant. + */ + + heappop = function(array, cmp) { + var lastelt, returnitem; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + lastelt = array.pop(); + if (array.length) { + returnitem = array[0]; + array[0] = lastelt; + _siftup(array, 0, cmp); + } else { + returnitem = lastelt; + } + return returnitem; + }; + + + /* + Pop and return the current smallest value, and add the new item. + + This is more efficient than heappop() followed by heappush(), and can be + more appropriate when using a fixed size heap. Note that the value + returned may be larger than item! That constrains reasonable use of + this routine unless written as part of a conditional replacement: + if item > array[0] + item = heapreplace(array, item) + */ + + heapreplace = function(array, item, cmp) { + var returnitem; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + returnitem = array[0]; + array[0] = item; + _siftup(array, 0, cmp); + return returnitem; + }; + + + /* + Fast version of a heappush followed by a heappop. + */ + + heappushpop = function(array, item, cmp) { + var _ref; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + if (array.length && cmp(array[0], item) < 0) { + _ref = [array[0], item], item = _ref[0], array[0] = _ref[1]; + _siftup(array, 0, cmp); + } + return item; + }; + + + /* + Transform list into a heap, in-place, in O(array.length) time. + */ + + heapify = function(array, cmp) { + var i, _i, _j, _len, _ref, _ref1, _results, _results1; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + _ref1 = (function() { + _results1 = []; + for (var _j = 0, _ref = floor(array.length / 2); 0 <= _ref ? _j < _ref : _j > _ref; 0 <= _ref ? _j++ : _j--){ _results1.push(_j); } + return _results1; + }).apply(this).reverse(); + _results = []; + for (_i = 0, _len = _ref1.length; _i < _len; _i++) { + i = _ref1[_i]; + _results.push(_siftup(array, i, cmp)); + } + return _results; + }; + + + /* + Update the position of the given item in the heap. + This function should be called every time the item is being modified. + */ + + updateItem = function(array, item, cmp) { + var pos; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + pos = array.indexOf(item); + if (pos === -1) { + return; + } + _siftdown(array, 0, pos, cmp); + return _siftup(array, pos, cmp); + }; + + + /* + Find the n largest elements in a dataset. + */ + + nlargest = function(array, n, cmp) { + var elem, result, _i, _len, _ref; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + result = array.slice(0, n); + if (!result.length) { + return result; + } + heapify(result, cmp); + _ref = array.slice(n); + for (_i = 0, _len = _ref.length; _i < _len; _i++) { + elem = _ref[_i]; + heappushpop(result, elem, cmp); + } + return result.sort(cmp).reverse(); + }; + + + /* + Find the n smallest elements in a dataset. + */ + + nsmallest = function(array, n, cmp) { + var elem, i, los, result, _i, _j, _len, _ref, _ref1, _results; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + if (n * 10 <= array.length) { + result = array.slice(0, n).sort(cmp); + if (!result.length) { + return result; + } + los = result[result.length - 1]; + _ref = array.slice(n); + for (_i = 0, _len = _ref.length; _i < _len; _i++) { + elem = _ref[_i]; + if (cmp(elem, los) < 0) { + insort(result, elem, 0, null, cmp); + result.pop(); + los = result[result.length - 1]; + } + } + return result; + } + heapify(array, cmp); + _results = []; + for (i = _j = 0, _ref1 = min(n, array.length); 0 <= _ref1 ? _j < _ref1 : _j > _ref1; i = 0 <= _ref1 ? ++_j : --_j) { + _results.push(heappop(array, cmp)); + } + return _results; + }; + + _siftdown = function(array, startpos, pos, cmp) { + var newitem, parent, parentpos; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + newitem = array[pos]; + while (pos > startpos) { + parentpos = (pos - 1) >> 1; + parent = array[parentpos]; + if (cmp(newitem, parent) < 0) { + array[pos] = parent; + pos = parentpos; + continue; + } + break; + } + return array[pos] = newitem; + }; + + _siftup = function(array, pos, cmp) { + var childpos, endpos, newitem, rightpos, startpos; + if (cmp == null) { + cmp = defaultCmp; + } + endpos = array.length; + startpos = pos; + newitem = array[pos]; + childpos = 2 * pos + 1; + while (childpos < endpos) { + rightpos = childpos + 1; + if (rightpos < endpos && !(cmp(array[childpos], array[rightpos]) < 0)) { + childpos = rightpos; + } + array[pos] = array[childpos]; + pos = childpos; + childpos = 2 * pos + 1; + } + array[pos] = newitem; + return _siftdown(array, startpos, pos, cmp); + }; + + Heap = (function() { + Heap.push = heappush; + + Heap.pop = heappop; + + Heap.replace = heapreplace; + + Heap.pushpop = heappushpop; + + Heap.heapify = heapify; + + Heap.updateItem = updateItem; + + Heap.nlargest = nlargest; + + Heap.nsmallest = nsmallest; + + function Heap(cmp) { + this.cmp = cmp != null ? cmp : defaultCmp; + this.nodes = []; + } + + Heap.prototype.push = function(x) { + return heappush(this.nodes, x, this.cmp); + }; + + Heap.prototype.pop = function() { + return heappop(this.nodes, this.cmp); + }; + + Heap.prototype.peek = function() { + return this.nodes[0]; + }; + + Heap.prototype.contains = function(x) { + return this.nodes.indexOf(x) !== -1; + }; + + Heap.prototype.replace = function(x) { + return heapreplace(this.nodes, x, this.cmp); + }; + + Heap.prototype.pushpop = function(x) { + return heappushpop(this.nodes, x, this.cmp); + }; + + Heap.prototype.heapify = function() { + return heapify(this.nodes, this.cmp); + }; + + Heap.prototype.updateItem = function(x) { + return updateItem(this.nodes, x, this.cmp); + }; + + Heap.prototype.clear = function() { + return this.nodes = []; + }; + + Heap.prototype.empty = function() { + return this.nodes.length === 0; + }; + + Heap.prototype.size = function() { + return this.nodes.length; + }; + + Heap.prototype.clone = function() { + var heap; + heap = new Heap(); + heap.nodes = this.nodes.slice(0); + return heap; + }; + + Heap.prototype.toArray = function() { + return this.nodes.slice(0); + }; + + Heap.prototype.insert = Heap.prototype.push; + + Heap.prototype.top = Heap.prototype.peek; + + Heap.prototype.front = Heap.prototype.peek; + + Heap.prototype.has = Heap.prototype.contains; + + Heap.prototype.copy = Heap.prototype.clone; + + return Heap; + + })(); + + (function(root, factory) { + if (true) { + return !(__WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_ARRAY__ = [], __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_FACTORY__ = (factory), + __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_RESULT__ = (typeof __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_FACTORY__ === 'function' ? + (__WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_FACTORY__.apply(exports, __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_ARRAY__)) : __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_FACTORY__), + __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_RESULT__ !== undefined && (module.exports = __WEBPACK_AMD_DEFINE_RESULT__)); + } else {} + })(this, function() { + return Heap; + }); + +}).call(this); + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 82241: +/***/ (function(module) { + +(function webpackUniversalModuleDefinition(root, factory) { + if(true) + module.exports = factory(); + else {} +})(this, function() { +return /******/ (function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap +/******/ // The module cache +/******/ var installedModules = {}; +/******/ +/******/ // The require function +/******/ function __nested_webpack_require_543__(moduleId) { +/******/ +/******/ // Check if module is in cache +/******/ if(installedModules[moduleId]) { +/******/ return installedModules[moduleId].exports; +/******/ } +/******/ // Create a new module (and put it into the cache) +/******/ var module = installedModules[moduleId] = { +/******/ i: moduleId, +/******/ l: false, +/******/ exports: {} +/******/ }; +/******/ +/******/ // Execute the module function +/******/ modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __nested_webpack_require_543__); +/******/ +/******/ // Flag the module as loaded +/******/ module.l = true; +/******/ +/******/ // Return the exports of the module +/******/ return module.exports; +/******/ } +/******/ +/******/ +/******/ // expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__) +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.m = modules; +/******/ +/******/ // expose the module cache +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.c = installedModules; +/******/ +/******/ // identity function for calling harmony imports with the correct context +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.i = function(value) { return value; }; +/******/ +/******/ // define getter function for harmony exports +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.d = function(exports, name, getter) { +/******/ if(!__nested_webpack_require_543__.o(exports, name)) { +/******/ Object.defineProperty(exports, name, { +/******/ configurable: false, +/******/ enumerable: true, +/******/ get: getter +/******/ }); +/******/ } +/******/ }; +/******/ +/******/ // getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.n = function(module) { +/******/ var getter = module && module.__esModule ? +/******/ function getDefault() { return module['default']; } : +/******/ function getModuleExports() { return module; }; +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.d(getter, 'a', getter); +/******/ return getter; +/******/ }; +/******/ +/******/ // Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.o = function(object, property) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property); }; +/******/ +/******/ // __webpack_public_path__ +/******/ __nested_webpack_require_543__.p = ""; +/******/ +/******/ // Load entry module and return exports +/******/ return __nested_webpack_require_543__(__nested_webpack_require_543__.s = 26); +/******/ }) +/************************************************************************/ +/******/ ([ +/* 0 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function LayoutConstants() {} + +/** + * Layout Quality: 0:draft, 1:default, 2:proof + */ +LayoutConstants.QUALITY = 1; + +/** + * Default parameters + */ +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_CREATE_BENDS_AS_NEEDED = false; +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL = false; +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_ON_LAYOUT = true; +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_DURING_LAYOUT = false; +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_PERIOD = 50; +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_UNIFORM_LEAF_NODE_SIZES = false; + +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Section: General other constants +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/* + * Margins of a graph to be applied on bouding rectangle of its contents. We + * assume margins on all four sides to be uniform. + */ +LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAPH_MARGIN = 15; + +/* + * Whether to consider labels in node dimensions or not + */ +LayoutConstants.NODE_DIMENSIONS_INCLUDE_LABELS = false; + +/* + * Default dimension of a non-compound node. + */ +LayoutConstants.SIMPLE_NODE_SIZE = 40; + +/* + * Default dimension of a non-compound node. + */ +LayoutConstants.SIMPLE_NODE_HALF_SIZE = LayoutConstants.SIMPLE_NODE_SIZE / 2; + +/* + * Empty compound node size. When a compound node is empty, its both + * dimensions should be of this value. + */ +LayoutConstants.EMPTY_COMPOUND_NODE_SIZE = 40; + +/* + * Minimum length that an edge should take during layout + */ +LayoutConstants.MIN_EDGE_LENGTH = 1; + +/* + * World boundaries that layout operates on + */ +LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY = 1000000; + +/* + * World boundaries that random positioning can be performed with + */ +LayoutConstants.INITIAL_WORLD_BOUNDARY = LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY / 1000; + +/* + * Coordinates of the world center + */ +LayoutConstants.WORLD_CENTER_X = 1200; +LayoutConstants.WORLD_CENTER_Y = 900; + +module.exports = LayoutConstants; + +/***/ }), +/* 1 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_4947__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LGraphObject = __nested_webpack_require_4947__(2); +var IGeometry = __nested_webpack_require_4947__(8); +var IMath = __nested_webpack_require_4947__(9); + +function LEdge(source, target, vEdge) { + LGraphObject.call(this, vEdge); + + this.isOverlapingSourceAndTarget = false; + this.vGraphObject = vEdge; + this.bendpoints = []; + this.source = source; + this.target = target; +} + +LEdge.prototype = Object.create(LGraphObject.prototype); + +for (var prop in LGraphObject) { + LEdge[prop] = LGraphObject[prop]; +} + +LEdge.prototype.getSource = function () { + return this.source; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getTarget = function () { + return this.target; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.isInterGraph = function () { + return this.isInterGraph; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getLength = function () { + return this.length; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.isOverlapingSourceAndTarget = function () { + return this.isOverlapingSourceAndTarget; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getBendpoints = function () { + return this.bendpoints; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getLca = function () { + return this.lca; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getSourceInLca = function () { + return this.sourceInLca; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getTargetInLca = function () { + return this.targetInLca; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getOtherEnd = function (node) { + if (this.source === node) { + return this.target; + } else if (this.target === node) { + return this.source; + } else { + throw "Node is not incident with this edge"; + } +}; + +LEdge.prototype.getOtherEndInGraph = function (node, graph) { + var otherEnd = this.getOtherEnd(node); + var root = graph.getGraphManager().getRoot(); + + while (true) { + if (otherEnd.getOwner() == graph) { + return otherEnd; + } + + if (otherEnd.getOwner() == root) { + break; + } + + otherEnd = otherEnd.getOwner().getParent(); + } + + return null; +}; + +LEdge.prototype.updateLength = function () { + var clipPointCoordinates = new Array(4); + + this.isOverlapingSourceAndTarget = IGeometry.getIntersection(this.target.getRect(), this.source.getRect(), clipPointCoordinates); + + if (!this.isOverlapingSourceAndTarget) { + this.lengthX = clipPointCoordinates[0] - clipPointCoordinates[2]; + this.lengthY = clipPointCoordinates[1] - clipPointCoordinates[3]; + + if (Math.abs(this.lengthX) < 1.0) { + this.lengthX = IMath.sign(this.lengthX); + } + + if (Math.abs(this.lengthY) < 1.0) { + this.lengthY = IMath.sign(this.lengthY); + } + + this.length = Math.sqrt(this.lengthX * this.lengthX + this.lengthY * this.lengthY); + } +}; + +LEdge.prototype.updateLengthSimple = function () { + this.lengthX = this.target.getCenterX() - this.source.getCenterX(); + this.lengthY = this.target.getCenterY() - this.source.getCenterY(); + + if (Math.abs(this.lengthX) < 1.0) { + this.lengthX = IMath.sign(this.lengthX); + } + + if (Math.abs(this.lengthY) < 1.0) { + this.lengthY = IMath.sign(this.lengthY); + } + + this.length = Math.sqrt(this.lengthX * this.lengthX + this.lengthY * this.lengthY); +}; + +module.exports = LEdge; + +/***/ }), +/* 2 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function LGraphObject(vGraphObject) { + this.vGraphObject = vGraphObject; +} + +module.exports = LGraphObject; + +/***/ }), +/* 3 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_8167__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LGraphObject = __nested_webpack_require_8167__(2); +var Integer = __nested_webpack_require_8167__(10); +var RectangleD = __nested_webpack_require_8167__(13); +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_8167__(0); +var RandomSeed = __nested_webpack_require_8167__(16); +var PointD = __nested_webpack_require_8167__(4); + +function LNode(gm, loc, size, vNode) { + //Alternative constructor 1 : LNode(LGraphManager gm, Point loc, Dimension size, Object vNode) + if (size == null && vNode == null) { + vNode = loc; + } + + LGraphObject.call(this, vNode); + + //Alternative constructor 2 : LNode(Layout layout, Object vNode) + if (gm.graphManager != null) gm = gm.graphManager; + + this.estimatedSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE; + this.inclusionTreeDepth = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + this.vGraphObject = vNode; + this.edges = []; + this.graphManager = gm; + + if (size != null && loc != null) this.rect = new RectangleD(loc.x, loc.y, size.width, size.height);else this.rect = new RectangleD(); +} + +LNode.prototype = Object.create(LGraphObject.prototype); +for (var prop in LGraphObject) { + LNode[prop] = LGraphObject[prop]; +} + +LNode.prototype.getEdges = function () { + return this.edges; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getChild = function () { + return this.child; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getOwner = function () { + // if (this.owner != null) { + // if (!(this.owner == null || this.owner.getNodes().indexOf(this) > -1)) { + // throw "assert failed"; + // } + // } + + return this.owner; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getWidth = function () { + return this.rect.width; +}; + +LNode.prototype.setWidth = function (width) { + this.rect.width = width; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getHeight = function () { + return this.rect.height; +}; + +LNode.prototype.setHeight = function (height) { + this.rect.height = height; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getCenterX = function () { + return this.rect.x + this.rect.width / 2; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getCenterY = function () { + return this.rect.y + this.rect.height / 2; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getCenter = function () { + return new PointD(this.rect.x + this.rect.width / 2, this.rect.y + this.rect.height / 2); +}; + +LNode.prototype.getLocation = function () { + return new PointD(this.rect.x, this.rect.y); +}; + +LNode.prototype.getRect = function () { + return this.rect; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getDiagonal = function () { + return Math.sqrt(this.rect.width * this.rect.width + this.rect.height * this.rect.height); +}; + +/** + * This method returns half the diagonal length of this node. + */ +LNode.prototype.getHalfTheDiagonal = function () { + return Math.sqrt(this.rect.height * this.rect.height + this.rect.width * this.rect.width) / 2; +}; + +LNode.prototype.setRect = function (upperLeft, dimension) { + this.rect.x = upperLeft.x; + this.rect.y = upperLeft.y; + this.rect.width = dimension.width; + this.rect.height = dimension.height; +}; + +LNode.prototype.setCenter = function (cx, cy) { + this.rect.x = cx - this.rect.width / 2; + this.rect.y = cy - this.rect.height / 2; +}; + +LNode.prototype.setLocation = function (x, y) { + this.rect.x = x; + this.rect.y = y; +}; + +LNode.prototype.moveBy = function (dx, dy) { + this.rect.x += dx; + this.rect.y += dy; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getEdgeListToNode = function (to) { + var edgeList = []; + var edge; + var self = this; + + self.edges.forEach(function (edge) { + + if (edge.target == to) { + if (edge.source != self) throw "Incorrect edge source!"; + + edgeList.push(edge); + } + }); + + return edgeList; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getEdgesBetween = function (other) { + var edgeList = []; + var edge; + + var self = this; + self.edges.forEach(function (edge) { + + if (!(edge.source == self || edge.target == self)) throw "Incorrect edge source and/or target"; + + if (edge.target == other || edge.source == other) { + edgeList.push(edge); + } + }); + + return edgeList; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getNeighborsList = function () { + var neighbors = new Set(); + + var self = this; + self.edges.forEach(function (edge) { + + if (edge.source == self) { + neighbors.add(edge.target); + } else { + if (edge.target != self) { + throw "Incorrect incidency!"; + } + + neighbors.add(edge.source); + } + }); + + return neighbors; +}; + +LNode.prototype.withChildren = function () { + var withNeighborsList = new Set(); + var childNode; + var children; + + withNeighborsList.add(this); + + if (this.child != null) { + var nodes = this.child.getNodes(); + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + childNode = nodes[i]; + children = childNode.withChildren(); + children.forEach(function (node) { + withNeighborsList.add(node); + }); + } + } + + return withNeighborsList; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getNoOfChildren = function () { + var noOfChildren = 0; + var childNode; + + if (this.child == null) { + noOfChildren = 1; + } else { + var nodes = this.child.getNodes(); + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + childNode = nodes[i]; + + noOfChildren += childNode.getNoOfChildren(); + } + } + + if (noOfChildren == 0) { + noOfChildren = 1; + } + return noOfChildren; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getEstimatedSize = function () { + if (this.estimatedSize == Integer.MIN_VALUE) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + return this.estimatedSize; +}; + +LNode.prototype.calcEstimatedSize = function () { + if (this.child == null) { + return this.estimatedSize = (this.rect.width + this.rect.height) / 2; + } else { + this.estimatedSize = this.child.calcEstimatedSize(); + this.rect.width = this.estimatedSize; + this.rect.height = this.estimatedSize; + + return this.estimatedSize; + } +}; + +LNode.prototype.scatter = function () { + var randomCenterX; + var randomCenterY; + + var minX = -LayoutConstants.INITIAL_WORLD_BOUNDARY; + var maxX = LayoutConstants.INITIAL_WORLD_BOUNDARY; + randomCenterX = LayoutConstants.WORLD_CENTER_X + RandomSeed.nextDouble() * (maxX - minX) + minX; + + var minY = -LayoutConstants.INITIAL_WORLD_BOUNDARY; + var maxY = LayoutConstants.INITIAL_WORLD_BOUNDARY; + randomCenterY = LayoutConstants.WORLD_CENTER_Y + RandomSeed.nextDouble() * (maxY - minY) + minY; + + this.rect.x = randomCenterX; + this.rect.y = randomCenterY; +}; + +LNode.prototype.updateBounds = function () { + if (this.getChild() == null) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + if (this.getChild().getNodes().length != 0) { + // wrap the children nodes by re-arranging the boundaries + var childGraph = this.getChild(); + childGraph.updateBounds(true); + + this.rect.x = childGraph.getLeft(); + this.rect.y = childGraph.getTop(); + + this.setWidth(childGraph.getRight() - childGraph.getLeft()); + this.setHeight(childGraph.getBottom() - childGraph.getTop()); + + // Update compound bounds considering its label properties + if (LayoutConstants.NODE_DIMENSIONS_INCLUDE_LABELS) { + + var width = childGraph.getRight() - childGraph.getLeft(); + var height = childGraph.getBottom() - childGraph.getTop(); + + if (this.labelWidth > width) { + this.rect.x -= (this.labelWidth - width) / 2; + this.setWidth(this.labelWidth); + } + + if (this.labelHeight > height) { + if (this.labelPos == "center") { + this.rect.y -= (this.labelHeight - height) / 2; + } else if (this.labelPos == "top") { + this.rect.y -= this.labelHeight - height; + } + this.setHeight(this.labelHeight); + } + } + } +}; + +LNode.prototype.getInclusionTreeDepth = function () { + if (this.inclusionTreeDepth == Integer.MAX_VALUE) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + return this.inclusionTreeDepth; +}; + +LNode.prototype.transform = function (trans) { + var left = this.rect.x; + + if (left > LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY) { + left = LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY; + } else if (left < -LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY) { + left = -LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY; + } + + var top = this.rect.y; + + if (top > LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY) { + top = LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY; + } else if (top < -LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY) { + top = -LayoutConstants.WORLD_BOUNDARY; + } + + var leftTop = new PointD(left, top); + var vLeftTop = trans.inverseTransformPoint(leftTop); + + this.setLocation(vLeftTop.x, vLeftTop.y); +}; + +LNode.prototype.getLeft = function () { + return this.rect.x; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getRight = function () { + return this.rect.x + this.rect.width; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getTop = function () { + return this.rect.y; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getBottom = function () { + return this.rect.y + this.rect.height; +}; + +LNode.prototype.getParent = function () { + if (this.owner == null) { + return null; + } + + return this.owner.getParent(); +}; + +module.exports = LNode; + +/***/ }), +/* 4 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function PointD(x, y) { + if (x == null && y == null) { + this.x = 0; + this.y = 0; + } else { + this.x = x; + this.y = y; + } +} + +PointD.prototype.getX = function () { + return this.x; +}; + +PointD.prototype.getY = function () { + return this.y; +}; + +PointD.prototype.setX = function (x) { + this.x = x; +}; + +PointD.prototype.setY = function (y) { + this.y = y; +}; + +PointD.prototype.getDifference = function (pt) { + return new DimensionD(this.x - pt.x, this.y - pt.y); +}; + +PointD.prototype.getCopy = function () { + return new PointD(this.x, this.y); +}; + +PointD.prototype.translate = function (dim) { + this.x += dim.width; + this.y += dim.height; + return this; +}; + +module.exports = PointD; + +/***/ }), +/* 5 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_17549__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LGraphObject = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(2); +var Integer = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(10); +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(0); +var LGraphManager = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(6); +var LNode = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(3); +var LEdge = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(1); +var RectangleD = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(13); +var Point = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(12); +var LinkedList = __nested_webpack_require_17549__(11); + +function LGraph(parent, obj2, vGraph) { + LGraphObject.call(this, vGraph); + this.estimatedSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE; + this.margin = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAPH_MARGIN; + this.edges = []; + this.nodes = []; + this.isConnected = false; + this.parent = parent; + + if (obj2 != null && obj2 instanceof LGraphManager) { + this.graphManager = obj2; + } else if (obj2 != null && obj2 instanceof Layout) { + this.graphManager = obj2.graphManager; + } +} + +LGraph.prototype = Object.create(LGraphObject.prototype); +for (var prop in LGraphObject) { + LGraph[prop] = LGraphObject[prop]; +} + +LGraph.prototype.getNodes = function () { + return this.nodes; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getEdges = function () { + return this.edges; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getGraphManager = function () { + return this.graphManager; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getParent = function () { + return this.parent; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getLeft = function () { + return this.left; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getRight = function () { + return this.right; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getTop = function () { + return this.top; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getBottom = function () { + return this.bottom; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.isConnected = function () { + return this.isConnected; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.add = function (obj1, sourceNode, targetNode) { + if (sourceNode == null && targetNode == null) { + var newNode = obj1; + if (this.graphManager == null) { + throw "Graph has no graph mgr!"; + } + if (this.getNodes().indexOf(newNode) > -1) { + throw "Node already in graph!"; + } + newNode.owner = this; + this.getNodes().push(newNode); + + return newNode; + } else { + var newEdge = obj1; + if (!(this.getNodes().indexOf(sourceNode) > -1 && this.getNodes().indexOf(targetNode) > -1)) { + throw "Source or target not in graph!"; + } + + if (!(sourceNode.owner == targetNode.owner && sourceNode.owner == this)) { + throw "Both owners must be this graph!"; + } + + if (sourceNode.owner != targetNode.owner) { + return null; + } + + // set source and target + newEdge.source = sourceNode; + newEdge.target = targetNode; + + // set as intra-graph edge + newEdge.isInterGraph = false; + + // add to graph edge list + this.getEdges().push(newEdge); + + // add to incidency lists + sourceNode.edges.push(newEdge); + + if (targetNode != sourceNode) { + targetNode.edges.push(newEdge); + } + + return newEdge; + } +}; + +LGraph.prototype.remove = function (obj) { + var node = obj; + if (obj instanceof LNode) { + if (node == null) { + throw "Node is null!"; + } + if (!(node.owner != null && node.owner == this)) { + throw "Owner graph is invalid!"; + } + if (this.graphManager == null) { + throw "Owner graph manager is invalid!"; + } + // remove incident edges first (make a copy to do it safely) + var edgesToBeRemoved = node.edges.slice(); + var edge; + var s = edgesToBeRemoved.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + edge = edgesToBeRemoved[i]; + + if (edge.isInterGraph) { + this.graphManager.remove(edge); + } else { + edge.source.owner.remove(edge); + } + } + + // now the node itself + var index = this.nodes.indexOf(node); + if (index == -1) { + throw "Node not in owner node list!"; + } + + this.nodes.splice(index, 1); + } else if (obj instanceof LEdge) { + var edge = obj; + if (edge == null) { + throw "Edge is null!"; + } + if (!(edge.source != null && edge.target != null)) { + throw "Source and/or target is null!"; + } + if (!(edge.source.owner != null && edge.target.owner != null && edge.source.owner == this && edge.target.owner == this)) { + throw "Source and/or target owner is invalid!"; + } + + var sourceIndex = edge.source.edges.indexOf(edge); + var targetIndex = edge.target.edges.indexOf(edge); + if (!(sourceIndex > -1 && targetIndex > -1)) { + throw "Source and/or target doesn't know this edge!"; + } + + edge.source.edges.splice(sourceIndex, 1); + + if (edge.target != edge.source) { + edge.target.edges.splice(targetIndex, 1); + } + + var index = edge.source.owner.getEdges().indexOf(edge); + if (index == -1) { + throw "Not in owner's edge list!"; + } + + edge.source.owner.getEdges().splice(index, 1); + } +}; + +LGraph.prototype.updateLeftTop = function () { + var top = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var left = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var nodeTop; + var nodeLeft; + var margin; + + var nodes = this.getNodes(); + var s = nodes.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + var lNode = nodes[i]; + nodeTop = lNode.getTop(); + nodeLeft = lNode.getLeft(); + + if (top > nodeTop) { + top = nodeTop; + } + + if (left > nodeLeft) { + left = nodeLeft; + } + } + + // Do we have any nodes in this graph? + if (top == Integer.MAX_VALUE) { + return null; + } + + if (nodes[0].getParent().paddingLeft != undefined) { + margin = nodes[0].getParent().paddingLeft; + } else { + margin = this.margin; + } + + this.left = left - margin; + this.top = top - margin; + + // Apply the margins and return the result + return new Point(this.left, this.top); +}; + +LGraph.prototype.updateBounds = function (recursive) { + // calculate bounds + var left = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var right = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var top = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var bottom = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var nodeLeft; + var nodeRight; + var nodeTop; + var nodeBottom; + var margin; + + var nodes = this.nodes; + var s = nodes.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + var lNode = nodes[i]; + + if (recursive && lNode.child != null) { + lNode.updateBounds(); + } + nodeLeft = lNode.getLeft(); + nodeRight = lNode.getRight(); + nodeTop = lNode.getTop(); + nodeBottom = lNode.getBottom(); + + if (left > nodeLeft) { + left = nodeLeft; + } + + if (right < nodeRight) { + right = nodeRight; + } + + if (top > nodeTop) { + top = nodeTop; + } + + if (bottom < nodeBottom) { + bottom = nodeBottom; + } + } + + var boundingRect = new RectangleD(left, top, right - left, bottom - top); + if (left == Integer.MAX_VALUE) { + this.left = this.parent.getLeft(); + this.right = this.parent.getRight(); + this.top = this.parent.getTop(); + this.bottom = this.parent.getBottom(); + } + + if (nodes[0].getParent().paddingLeft != undefined) { + margin = nodes[0].getParent().paddingLeft; + } else { + margin = this.margin; + } + + this.left = boundingRect.x - margin; + this.right = boundingRect.x + boundingRect.width + margin; + this.top = boundingRect.y - margin; + this.bottom = boundingRect.y + boundingRect.height + margin; +}; + +LGraph.calculateBounds = function (nodes) { + var left = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var right = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var top = Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var bottom = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; + var nodeLeft; + var nodeRight; + var nodeTop; + var nodeBottom; + + var s = nodes.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + var lNode = nodes[i]; + nodeLeft = lNode.getLeft(); + nodeRight = lNode.getRight(); + nodeTop = lNode.getTop(); + nodeBottom = lNode.getBottom(); + + if (left > nodeLeft) { + left = nodeLeft; + } + + if (right < nodeRight) { + right = nodeRight; + } + + if (top > nodeTop) { + top = nodeTop; + } + + if (bottom < nodeBottom) { + bottom = nodeBottom; + } + } + + var boundingRect = new RectangleD(left, top, right - left, bottom - top); + + return boundingRect; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getInclusionTreeDepth = function () { + if (this == this.graphManager.getRoot()) { + return 1; + } else { + return this.parent.getInclusionTreeDepth(); + } +}; + +LGraph.prototype.getEstimatedSize = function () { + if (this.estimatedSize == Integer.MIN_VALUE) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + return this.estimatedSize; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.calcEstimatedSize = function () { + var size = 0; + var nodes = this.nodes; + var s = nodes.length; + + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + var lNode = nodes[i]; + size += lNode.calcEstimatedSize(); + } + + if (size == 0) { + this.estimatedSize = LayoutConstants.EMPTY_COMPOUND_NODE_SIZE; + } else { + this.estimatedSize = size / Math.sqrt(this.nodes.length); + } + + return this.estimatedSize; +}; + +LGraph.prototype.updateConnected = function () { + var self = this; + if (this.nodes.length == 0) { + this.isConnected = true; + return; + } + + var queue = new LinkedList(); + var visited = new Set(); + var currentNode = this.nodes[0]; + var neighborEdges; + var currentNeighbor; + var childrenOfNode = currentNode.withChildren(); + childrenOfNode.forEach(function (node) { + queue.push(node); + visited.add(node); + }); + + while (queue.length !== 0) { + currentNode = queue.shift(); + + // Traverse all neighbors of this node + neighborEdges = currentNode.getEdges(); + var size = neighborEdges.length; + for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) { + var neighborEdge = neighborEdges[i]; + currentNeighbor = neighborEdge.getOtherEndInGraph(currentNode, this); + + // Add unvisited neighbors to the list to visit + if (currentNeighbor != null && !visited.has(currentNeighbor)) { + var childrenOfNeighbor = currentNeighbor.withChildren(); + + childrenOfNeighbor.forEach(function (node) { + queue.push(node); + visited.add(node); + }); + } + } + } + + this.isConnected = false; + + if (visited.size >= this.nodes.length) { + var noOfVisitedInThisGraph = 0; + + visited.forEach(function (visitedNode) { + if (visitedNode.owner == self) { + noOfVisitedInThisGraph++; + } + }); + + if (noOfVisitedInThisGraph == this.nodes.length) { + this.isConnected = true; + } + } +}; + +module.exports = LGraph; + +/***/ }), +/* 6 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_27617__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LGraph; +var LEdge = __nested_webpack_require_27617__(1); + +function LGraphManager(layout) { + LGraph = __nested_webpack_require_27617__(5); // It may be better to initilize this out of this function but it gives an error (Right-hand side of 'instanceof' is not callable) now. + this.layout = layout; + + this.graphs = []; + this.edges = []; +} + +LGraphManager.prototype.addRoot = function () { + var ngraph = this.layout.newGraph(); + var nnode = this.layout.newNode(null); + var root = this.add(ngraph, nnode); + this.setRootGraph(root); + return this.rootGraph; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.add = function (newGraph, parentNode, newEdge, sourceNode, targetNode) { + //there are just 2 parameters are passed then it adds an LGraph else it adds an LEdge + if (newEdge == null && sourceNode == null && targetNode == null) { + if (newGraph == null) { + throw "Graph is null!"; + } + if (parentNode == null) { + throw "Parent node is null!"; + } + if (this.graphs.indexOf(newGraph) > -1) { + throw "Graph already in this graph mgr!"; + } + + this.graphs.push(newGraph); + + if (newGraph.parent != null) { + throw "Already has a parent!"; + } + if (parentNode.child != null) { + throw "Already has a child!"; + } + + newGraph.parent = parentNode; + parentNode.child = newGraph; + + return newGraph; + } else { + //change the order of the parameters + targetNode = newEdge; + sourceNode = parentNode; + newEdge = newGraph; + var sourceGraph = sourceNode.getOwner(); + var targetGraph = targetNode.getOwner(); + + if (!(sourceGraph != null && sourceGraph.getGraphManager() == this)) { + throw "Source not in this graph mgr!"; + } + if (!(targetGraph != null && targetGraph.getGraphManager() == this)) { + throw "Target not in this graph mgr!"; + } + + if (sourceGraph == targetGraph) { + newEdge.isInterGraph = false; + return sourceGraph.add(newEdge, sourceNode, targetNode); + } else { + newEdge.isInterGraph = true; + + // set source and target + newEdge.source = sourceNode; + newEdge.target = targetNode; + + // add edge to inter-graph edge list + if (this.edges.indexOf(newEdge) > -1) { + throw "Edge already in inter-graph edge list!"; + } + + this.edges.push(newEdge); + + // add edge to source and target incidency lists + if (!(newEdge.source != null && newEdge.target != null)) { + throw "Edge source and/or target is null!"; + } + + if (!(newEdge.source.edges.indexOf(newEdge) == -1 && newEdge.target.edges.indexOf(newEdge) == -1)) { + throw "Edge already in source and/or target incidency list!"; + } + + newEdge.source.edges.push(newEdge); + newEdge.target.edges.push(newEdge); + + return newEdge; + } + } +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.remove = function (lObj) { + if (lObj instanceof LGraph) { + var graph = lObj; + if (graph.getGraphManager() != this) { + throw "Graph not in this graph mgr"; + } + if (!(graph == this.rootGraph || graph.parent != null && graph.parent.graphManager == this)) { + throw "Invalid parent node!"; + } + + // first the edges (make a copy to do it safely) + var edgesToBeRemoved = []; + + edgesToBeRemoved = edgesToBeRemoved.concat(graph.getEdges()); + + var edge; + var s = edgesToBeRemoved.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + edge = edgesToBeRemoved[i]; + graph.remove(edge); + } + + // then the nodes (make a copy to do it safely) + var nodesToBeRemoved = []; + + nodesToBeRemoved = nodesToBeRemoved.concat(graph.getNodes()); + + var node; + s = nodesToBeRemoved.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + node = nodesToBeRemoved[i]; + graph.remove(node); + } + + // check if graph is the root + if (graph == this.rootGraph) { + this.setRootGraph(null); + } + + // now remove the graph itself + var index = this.graphs.indexOf(graph); + this.graphs.splice(index, 1); + + // also reset the parent of the graph + graph.parent = null; + } else if (lObj instanceof LEdge) { + edge = lObj; + if (edge == null) { + throw "Edge is null!"; + } + if (!edge.isInterGraph) { + throw "Not an inter-graph edge!"; + } + if (!(edge.source != null && edge.target != null)) { + throw "Source and/or target is null!"; + } + + // remove edge from source and target nodes' incidency lists + + if (!(edge.source.edges.indexOf(edge) != -1 && edge.target.edges.indexOf(edge) != -1)) { + throw "Source and/or target doesn't know this edge!"; + } + + var index = edge.source.edges.indexOf(edge); + edge.source.edges.splice(index, 1); + index = edge.target.edges.indexOf(edge); + edge.target.edges.splice(index, 1); + + // remove edge from owner graph manager's inter-graph edge list + + if (!(edge.source.owner != null && edge.source.owner.getGraphManager() != null)) { + throw "Edge owner graph or owner graph manager is null!"; + } + if (edge.source.owner.getGraphManager().edges.indexOf(edge) == -1) { + throw "Not in owner graph manager's edge list!"; + } + + var index = edge.source.owner.getGraphManager().edges.indexOf(edge); + edge.source.owner.getGraphManager().edges.splice(index, 1); + } +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.updateBounds = function () { + this.rootGraph.updateBounds(true); +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.getGraphs = function () { + return this.graphs; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.getAllNodes = function () { + if (this.allNodes == null) { + var nodeList = []; + var graphs = this.getGraphs(); + var s = graphs.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + nodeList = nodeList.concat(graphs[i].getNodes()); + } + this.allNodes = nodeList; + } + return this.allNodes; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.resetAllNodes = function () { + this.allNodes = null; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.resetAllEdges = function () { + this.allEdges = null; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.resetAllNodesToApplyGravitation = function () { + this.allNodesToApplyGravitation = null; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.getAllEdges = function () { + if (this.allEdges == null) { + var edgeList = []; + var graphs = this.getGraphs(); + var s = graphs.length; + for (var i = 0; i < graphs.length; i++) { + edgeList = edgeList.concat(graphs[i].getEdges()); + } + + edgeList = edgeList.concat(this.edges); + + this.allEdges = edgeList; + } + return this.allEdges; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.getAllNodesToApplyGravitation = function () { + return this.allNodesToApplyGravitation; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.setAllNodesToApplyGravitation = function (nodeList) { + if (this.allNodesToApplyGravitation != null) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + + this.allNodesToApplyGravitation = nodeList; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.getRoot = function () { + return this.rootGraph; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.setRootGraph = function (graph) { + if (graph.getGraphManager() != this) { + throw "Root not in this graph mgr!"; + } + + this.rootGraph = graph; + // root graph must have a root node associated with it for convenience + if (graph.parent == null) { + graph.parent = this.layout.newNode("Root node"); + } +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.getLayout = function () { + return this.layout; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.isOneAncestorOfOther = function (firstNode, secondNode) { + if (!(firstNode != null && secondNode != null)) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + + if (firstNode == secondNode) { + return true; + } + // Is second node an ancestor of the first one? + var ownerGraph = firstNode.getOwner(); + var parentNode; + + do { + parentNode = ownerGraph.getParent(); + + if (parentNode == null) { + break; + } + + if (parentNode == secondNode) { + return true; + } + + ownerGraph = parentNode.getOwner(); + if (ownerGraph == null) { + break; + } + } while (true); + // Is first node an ancestor of the second one? + ownerGraph = secondNode.getOwner(); + + do { + parentNode = ownerGraph.getParent(); + + if (parentNode == null) { + break; + } + + if (parentNode == firstNode) { + return true; + } + + ownerGraph = parentNode.getOwner(); + if (ownerGraph == null) { + break; + } + } while (true); + + return false; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.calcLowestCommonAncestors = function () { + var edge; + var sourceNode; + var targetNode; + var sourceAncestorGraph; + var targetAncestorGraph; + + var edges = this.getAllEdges(); + var s = edges.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + edge = edges[i]; + + sourceNode = edge.source; + targetNode = edge.target; + edge.lca = null; + edge.sourceInLca = sourceNode; + edge.targetInLca = targetNode; + + if (sourceNode == targetNode) { + edge.lca = sourceNode.getOwner(); + continue; + } + + sourceAncestorGraph = sourceNode.getOwner(); + + while (edge.lca == null) { + edge.targetInLca = targetNode; + targetAncestorGraph = targetNode.getOwner(); + + while (edge.lca == null) { + if (targetAncestorGraph == sourceAncestorGraph) { + edge.lca = targetAncestorGraph; + break; + } + + if (targetAncestorGraph == this.rootGraph) { + break; + } + + if (edge.lca != null) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + edge.targetInLca = targetAncestorGraph.getParent(); + targetAncestorGraph = edge.targetInLca.getOwner(); + } + + if (sourceAncestorGraph == this.rootGraph) { + break; + } + + if (edge.lca == null) { + edge.sourceInLca = sourceAncestorGraph.getParent(); + sourceAncestorGraph = edge.sourceInLca.getOwner(); + } + } + + if (edge.lca == null) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + } +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.calcLowestCommonAncestor = function (firstNode, secondNode) { + if (firstNode == secondNode) { + return firstNode.getOwner(); + } + var firstOwnerGraph = firstNode.getOwner(); + + do { + if (firstOwnerGraph == null) { + break; + } + var secondOwnerGraph = secondNode.getOwner(); + + do { + if (secondOwnerGraph == null) { + break; + } + + if (secondOwnerGraph == firstOwnerGraph) { + return secondOwnerGraph; + } + secondOwnerGraph = secondOwnerGraph.getParent().getOwner(); + } while (true); + + firstOwnerGraph = firstOwnerGraph.getParent().getOwner(); + } while (true); + + return firstOwnerGraph; +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.calcInclusionTreeDepths = function (graph, depth) { + if (graph == null && depth == null) { + graph = this.rootGraph; + depth = 1; + } + var node; + + var nodes = graph.getNodes(); + var s = nodes.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + node = nodes[i]; + node.inclusionTreeDepth = depth; + + if (node.child != null) { + this.calcInclusionTreeDepths(node.child, depth + 1); + } + } +}; + +LGraphManager.prototype.includesInvalidEdge = function () { + var edge; + + var s = this.edges.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + edge = this.edges[i]; + + if (this.isOneAncestorOfOther(edge.source, edge.target)) { + return true; + } + } + return false; +}; + +module.exports = LGraphManager; + +/***/ }), +/* 7 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_38707__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_38707__(0); + +function FDLayoutConstants() {} + +//FDLayoutConstants inherits static props in LayoutConstants +for (var prop in LayoutConstants) { + FDLayoutConstants[prop] = LayoutConstants[prop]; +} + +FDLayoutConstants.MAX_ITERATIONS = 2500; + +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH = 50; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_SPRING_STRENGTH = 0.45; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_REPULSION_STRENGTH = 4500.0; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_STRENGTH = 0.4; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_STRENGTH = 1.0; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR = 3.8; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR = 1.5; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_USE_SMART_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_CALCULATION = true; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_USE_SMART_REPULSION_RANGE_CALCULATION = true; +FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL = 0.3; +FDLayoutConstants.COOLING_ADAPTATION_FACTOR = 0.33; +FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT = 1000; +FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_UPPER_NODE_LIMIT = 5000; +FDLayoutConstants.MAX_NODE_DISPLACEMENT_INCREMENTAL = 100.0; +FDLayoutConstants.MAX_NODE_DISPLACEMENT = FDLayoutConstants.MAX_NODE_DISPLACEMENT_INCREMENTAL * 3; +FDLayoutConstants.MIN_REPULSION_DIST = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH / 10.0; +FDLayoutConstants.CONVERGENCE_CHECK_PERIOD = 100; +FDLayoutConstants.PER_LEVEL_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_FACTOR = 0.1; +FDLayoutConstants.MIN_EDGE_LENGTH = 1; +FDLayoutConstants.GRID_CALCULATION_CHECK_PERIOD = 10; + +module.exports = FDLayoutConstants; + +/***/ }), +/* 8 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_40298__) { + +"use strict"; + + +/** + * This class maintains a list of static geometry related utility methods. + * + * + * Copyright: i-Vis Research Group, Bilkent University, 2007 - present + */ + +var Point = __nested_webpack_require_40298__(12); + +function IGeometry() {} + +/** + * This method calculates *half* the amount in x and y directions of the two + * input rectangles needed to separate them keeping their respective + * positioning, and returns the result in the input array. An input + * separation buffer added to the amount in both directions. We assume that + * the two rectangles do intersect. + */ +IGeometry.calcSeparationAmount = function (rectA, rectB, overlapAmount, separationBuffer) { + if (!rectA.intersects(rectB)) { + throw "assert failed"; + } + + var directions = new Array(2); + + this.decideDirectionsForOverlappingNodes(rectA, rectB, directions); + + overlapAmount[0] = Math.min(rectA.getRight(), rectB.getRight()) - Math.max(rectA.x, rectB.x); + overlapAmount[1] = Math.min(rectA.getBottom(), rectB.getBottom()) - Math.max(rectA.y, rectB.y); + + // update the overlapping amounts for the following cases: + if (rectA.getX() <= rectB.getX() && rectA.getRight() >= rectB.getRight()) { + /* Case x.1: + * + * rectA + * | | + * | _________ | + * | | | | + * |________|_______|______| + * | | + * | | + * rectB + */ + overlapAmount[0] += Math.min(rectB.getX() - rectA.getX(), rectA.getRight() - rectB.getRight()); + } else if (rectB.getX() <= rectA.getX() && rectB.getRight() >= rectA.getRight()) { + /* Case x.2: + * + * rectB + * | | + * | _________ | + * | | | | + * |________|_______|______| + * | | + * | | + * rectA + */ + overlapAmount[0] += Math.min(rectA.getX() - rectB.getX(), rectB.getRight() - rectA.getRight()); + } + if (rectA.getY() <= rectB.getY() && rectA.getBottom() >= rectB.getBottom()) { + /* Case y.1: + * ________ rectA + * | + * | + * ______|____ rectB + * | | + * | | + * ______|____| + * | + * | + * |________ + * + */ + overlapAmount[1] += Math.min(rectB.getY() - rectA.getY(), rectA.getBottom() - rectB.getBottom()); + } else if (rectB.getY() <= rectA.getY() && rectB.getBottom() >= rectA.getBottom()) { + /* Case y.2: + * ________ rectB + * | + * | + * ______|____ rectA + * | | + * | | + * ______|____| + * | + * | + * |________ + * + */ + overlapAmount[1] += Math.min(rectA.getY() - rectB.getY(), rectB.getBottom() - rectA.getBottom()); + } + + // find slope of the line passes two centers + var slope = Math.abs((rectB.getCenterY() - rectA.getCenterY()) / (rectB.getCenterX() - rectA.getCenterX())); + // if centers are overlapped + if (rectB.getCenterY() === rectA.getCenterY() && rectB.getCenterX() === rectA.getCenterX()) { + // assume the slope is 1 (45 degree) + slope = 1.0; + } + + var moveByY = slope * overlapAmount[0]; + var moveByX = overlapAmount[1] / slope; + if (overlapAmount[0] < moveByX) { + moveByX = overlapAmount[0]; + } else { + moveByY = overlapAmount[1]; + } + // return half the amount so that if each rectangle is moved by these + // amounts in opposite directions, overlap will be resolved + overlapAmount[0] = -1 * directions[0] * (moveByX / 2 + separationBuffer); + overlapAmount[1] = -1 * directions[1] * (moveByY / 2 + separationBuffer); +}; + +/** + * This method decides the separation direction of overlapping nodes + * + * if directions[0] = -1, then rectA goes left + * if directions[0] = 1, then rectA goes right + * if directions[1] = -1, then rectA goes up + * if directions[1] = 1, then rectA goes down + */ +IGeometry.decideDirectionsForOverlappingNodes = function (rectA, rectB, directions) { + if (rectA.getCenterX() < rectB.getCenterX()) { + directions[0] = -1; + } else { + directions[0] = 1; + } + + if (rectA.getCenterY() < rectB.getCenterY()) { + directions[1] = -1; + } else { + directions[1] = 1; + } +}; + +/** + * This method calculates the intersection (clipping) points of the two + * input rectangles with line segment defined by the centers of these two + * rectangles. The clipping points are saved in the input double array and + * whether or not the two rectangles overlap is returned. + */ +IGeometry.getIntersection2 = function (rectA, rectB, result) { + //result[0-1] will contain clipPoint of rectA, result[2-3] will contain clipPoint of rectB + var p1x = rectA.getCenterX(); + var p1y = rectA.getCenterY(); + var p2x = rectB.getCenterX(); + var p2y = rectB.getCenterY(); + + //if two rectangles intersect, then clipping points are centers + if (rectA.intersects(rectB)) { + result[0] = p1x; + result[1] = p1y; + result[2] = p2x; + result[3] = p2y; + return true; + } + //variables for rectA + var topLeftAx = rectA.getX(); + var topLeftAy = rectA.getY(); + var topRightAx = rectA.getRight(); + var bottomLeftAx = rectA.getX(); + var bottomLeftAy = rectA.getBottom(); + var bottomRightAx = rectA.getRight(); + var halfWidthA = rectA.getWidthHalf(); + var halfHeightA = rectA.getHeightHalf(); + //variables for rectB + var topLeftBx = rectB.getX(); + var topLeftBy = rectB.getY(); + var topRightBx = rectB.getRight(); + var bottomLeftBx = rectB.getX(); + var bottomLeftBy = rectB.getBottom(); + var bottomRightBx = rectB.getRight(); + var halfWidthB = rectB.getWidthHalf(); + var halfHeightB = rectB.getHeightHalf(); + + //flag whether clipping points are found + var clipPointAFound = false; + var clipPointBFound = false; + + // line is vertical + if (p1x === p2x) { + if (p1y > p2y) { + result[0] = p1x; + result[1] = topLeftAy; + result[2] = p2x; + result[3] = bottomLeftBy; + return false; + } else if (p1y < p2y) { + result[0] = p1x; + result[1] = bottomLeftAy; + result[2] = p2x; + result[3] = topLeftBy; + return false; + } else { + //not line, return null; + } + } + // line is horizontal + else if (p1y === p2y) { + if (p1x > p2x) { + result[0] = topLeftAx; + result[1] = p1y; + result[2] = topRightBx; + result[3] = p2y; + return false; + } else if (p1x < p2x) { + result[0] = topRightAx; + result[1] = p1y; + result[2] = topLeftBx; + result[3] = p2y; + return false; + } else { + //not valid line, return null; + } + } else { + //slopes of rectA's and rectB's diagonals + var slopeA = rectA.height / rectA.width; + var slopeB = rectB.height / rectB.width; + + //slope of line between center of rectA and center of rectB + var slopePrime = (p2y - p1y) / (p2x - p1x); + var cardinalDirectionA = void 0; + var cardinalDirectionB = void 0; + var tempPointAx = void 0; + var tempPointAy = void 0; + var tempPointBx = void 0; + var tempPointBy = void 0; + + //determine whether clipping point is the corner of nodeA + if (-slopeA === slopePrime) { + if (p1x > p2x) { + result[0] = bottomLeftAx; + result[1] = bottomLeftAy; + clipPointAFound = true; + } else { + result[0] = topRightAx; + result[1] = topLeftAy; + clipPointAFound = true; + } + } else if (slopeA === slopePrime) { + if (p1x > p2x) { + result[0] = topLeftAx; + result[1] = topLeftAy; + clipPointAFound = true; + } else { + result[0] = bottomRightAx; + result[1] = bottomLeftAy; + clipPointAFound = true; + } + } + + //determine whether clipping point is the corner of nodeB + if (-slopeB === slopePrime) { + if (p2x > p1x) { + result[2] = bottomLeftBx; + result[3] = bottomLeftBy; + clipPointBFound = true; + } else { + result[2] = topRightBx; + result[3] = topLeftBy; + clipPointBFound = true; + } + } else if (slopeB === slopePrime) { + if (p2x > p1x) { + result[2] = topLeftBx; + result[3] = topLeftBy; + clipPointBFound = true; + } else { + result[2] = bottomRightBx; + result[3] = bottomLeftBy; + clipPointBFound = true; + } + } + + //if both clipping points are corners + if (clipPointAFound && clipPointBFound) { + return false; + } + + //determine Cardinal Direction of rectangles + if (p1x > p2x) { + if (p1y > p2y) { + cardinalDirectionA = this.getCardinalDirection(slopeA, slopePrime, 4); + cardinalDirectionB = this.getCardinalDirection(slopeB, slopePrime, 2); + } else { + cardinalDirectionA = this.getCardinalDirection(-slopeA, slopePrime, 3); + cardinalDirectionB = this.getCardinalDirection(-slopeB, slopePrime, 1); + } + } else { + if (p1y > p2y) { + cardinalDirectionA = this.getCardinalDirection(-slopeA, slopePrime, 1); + cardinalDirectionB = this.getCardinalDirection(-slopeB, slopePrime, 3); + } else { + cardinalDirectionA = this.getCardinalDirection(slopeA, slopePrime, 2); + cardinalDirectionB = this.getCardinalDirection(slopeB, slopePrime, 4); + } + } + //calculate clipping Point if it is not found before + if (!clipPointAFound) { + switch (cardinalDirectionA) { + case 1: + tempPointAy = topLeftAy; + tempPointAx = p1x + -halfHeightA / slopePrime; + result[0] = tempPointAx; + result[1] = tempPointAy; + break; + case 2: + tempPointAx = bottomRightAx; + tempPointAy = p1y + halfWidthA * slopePrime; + result[0] = tempPointAx; + result[1] = tempPointAy; + break; + case 3: + tempPointAy = bottomLeftAy; + tempPointAx = p1x + halfHeightA / slopePrime; + result[0] = tempPointAx; + result[1] = tempPointAy; + break; + case 4: + tempPointAx = bottomLeftAx; + tempPointAy = p1y + -halfWidthA * slopePrime; + result[0] = tempPointAx; + result[1] = tempPointAy; + break; + } + } + if (!clipPointBFound) { + switch (cardinalDirectionB) { + case 1: + tempPointBy = topLeftBy; + tempPointBx = p2x + -halfHeightB / slopePrime; + result[2] = tempPointBx; + result[3] = tempPointBy; + break; + case 2: + tempPointBx = bottomRightBx; + tempPointBy = p2y + halfWidthB * slopePrime; + result[2] = tempPointBx; + result[3] = tempPointBy; + break; + case 3: + tempPointBy = bottomLeftBy; + tempPointBx = p2x + halfHeightB / slopePrime; + result[2] = tempPointBx; + result[3] = tempPointBy; + break; + case 4: + tempPointBx = bottomLeftBx; + tempPointBy = p2y + -halfWidthB * slopePrime; + result[2] = tempPointBx; + result[3] = tempPointBy; + break; + } + } + } + return false; +}; + +/** + * This method returns in which cardinal direction does input point stays + * 1: North + * 2: East + * 3: South + * 4: West + */ +IGeometry.getCardinalDirection = function (slope, slopePrime, line) { + if (slope > slopePrime) { + return line; + } else { + return 1 + line % 4; + } +}; + +/** + * This method calculates the intersection of the two lines defined by + * point pairs (s1,s2) and (f1,f2). + */ +IGeometry.getIntersection = function (s1, s2, f1, f2) { + if (f2 == null) { + return this.getIntersection2(s1, s2, f1); + } + + var x1 = s1.x; + var y1 = s1.y; + var x2 = s2.x; + var y2 = s2.y; + var x3 = f1.x; + var y3 = f1.y; + var x4 = f2.x; + var y4 = f2.y; + var x = void 0, + y = void 0; // intersection point + var a1 = void 0, + a2 = void 0, + b1 = void 0, + b2 = void 0, + c1 = void 0, + c2 = void 0; // coefficients of line eqns. + var denom = void 0; + + a1 = y2 - y1; + b1 = x1 - x2; + c1 = x2 * y1 - x1 * y2; // { a1*x + b1*y + c1 = 0 is line 1 } + + a2 = y4 - y3; + b2 = x3 - x4; + c2 = x4 * y3 - x3 * y4; // { a2*x + b2*y + c2 = 0 is line 2 } + + denom = a1 * b2 - a2 * b1; + + if (denom === 0) { + return null; + } + + x = (b1 * c2 - b2 * c1) / denom; + y = (a2 * c1 - a1 * c2) / denom; + + return new Point(x, y); +}; + +/** + * This method finds and returns the angle of the vector from the + x-axis + * in clockwise direction (compatible w/ Java coordinate system!). + */ +IGeometry.angleOfVector = function (Cx, Cy, Nx, Ny) { + var C_angle = void 0; + + if (Cx !== Nx) { + C_angle = Math.atan((Ny - Cy) / (Nx - Cx)); + + if (Nx < Cx) { + C_angle += Math.PI; + } else if (Ny < Cy) { + C_angle += this.TWO_PI; + } + } else if (Ny < Cy) { + C_angle = this.ONE_AND_HALF_PI; // 270 degrees + } else { + C_angle = this.HALF_PI; // 90 degrees + } + + return C_angle; +}; + +/** + * This method checks whether the given two line segments (one with point + * p1 and p2, the other with point p3 and p4) intersect at a point other + * than these points. + */ +IGeometry.doIntersect = function (p1, p2, p3, p4) { + var a = p1.x; + var b = p1.y; + var c = p2.x; + var d = p2.y; + var p = p3.x; + var q = p3.y; + var r = p4.x; + var s = p4.y; + var det = (c - a) * (s - q) - (r - p) * (d - b); + + if (det === 0) { + return false; + } else { + var lambda = ((s - q) * (r - a) + (p - r) * (s - b)) / det; + var gamma = ((b - d) * (r - a) + (c - a) * (s - b)) / det; + return 0 < lambda && lambda < 1 && 0 < gamma && gamma < 1; + } +}; + +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Section: Class Constants +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/** + * Some useful pre-calculated constants + */ +IGeometry.HALF_PI = 0.5 * Math.PI; +IGeometry.ONE_AND_HALF_PI = 1.5 * Math.PI; +IGeometry.TWO_PI = 2.0 * Math.PI; +IGeometry.THREE_PI = 3.0 * Math.PI; + +module.exports = IGeometry; + +/***/ }), +/* 9 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function IMath() {} + +/** + * This method returns the sign of the input value. + */ +IMath.sign = function (value) { + if (value > 0) { + return 1; + } else if (value < 0) { + return -1; + } else { + return 0; + } +}; + +IMath.floor = function (value) { + return value < 0 ? Math.ceil(value) : Math.floor(value); +}; + +IMath.ceil = function (value) { + return value < 0 ? Math.floor(value) : Math.ceil(value); +}; + +module.exports = IMath; + +/***/ }), +/* 10 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function Integer() {} + +Integer.MAX_VALUE = 2147483647; +Integer.MIN_VALUE = -2147483648; + +module.exports = Integer; + +/***/ }), +/* 11 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }(); + +function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } } + +var nodeFrom = function nodeFrom(value) { + return { value: value, next: null, prev: null }; +}; + +var add = function add(prev, node, next, list) { + if (prev !== null) { + prev.next = node; + } else { + list.head = node; + } + + if (next !== null) { + next.prev = node; + } else { + list.tail = node; + } + + node.prev = prev; + node.next = next; + + list.length++; + + return node; +}; + +var _remove = function _remove(node, list) { + var prev = node.prev, + next = node.next; + + + if (prev !== null) { + prev.next = next; + } else { + list.head = next; + } + + if (next !== null) { + next.prev = prev; + } else { + list.tail = prev; + } + + node.prev = node.next = null; + + list.length--; + + return node; +}; + +var LinkedList = function () { + function LinkedList(vals) { + var _this = this; + + _classCallCheck(this, LinkedList); + + this.length = 0; + this.head = null; + this.tail = null; + + if (vals != null) { + vals.forEach(function (v) { + return _this.push(v); + }); + } + } + + _createClass(LinkedList, [{ + key: "size", + value: function size() { + return this.length; + } + }, { + key: "insertBefore", + value: function insertBefore(val, otherNode) { + return add(otherNode.prev, nodeFrom(val), otherNode, this); + } + }, { + key: "insertAfter", + value: function insertAfter(val, otherNode) { + return add(otherNode, nodeFrom(val), otherNode.next, this); + } + }, { + key: "insertNodeBefore", + value: function insertNodeBefore(newNode, otherNode) { + return add(otherNode.prev, newNode, otherNode, this); + } + }, { + key: "insertNodeAfter", + value: function insertNodeAfter(newNode, otherNode) { + return add(otherNode, newNode, otherNode.next, this); + } + }, { + key: "push", + value: function push(val) { + return add(this.tail, nodeFrom(val), null, this); + } + }, { + key: "unshift", + value: function unshift(val) { + return add(null, nodeFrom(val), this.head, this); + } + }, { + key: "remove", + value: function remove(node) { + return _remove(node, this); + } + }, { + key: "pop", + value: function pop() { + return _remove(this.tail, this).value; + } + }, { + key: "popNode", + value: function popNode() { + return _remove(this.tail, this); + } + }, { + key: "shift", + value: function shift() { + return _remove(this.head, this).value; + } + }, { + key: "shiftNode", + value: function shiftNode() { + return _remove(this.head, this); + } + }, { + key: "get_object_at", + value: function get_object_at(index) { + if (index <= this.length()) { + var i = 1; + var current = this.head; + while (i < index) { + current = current.next; + i++; + } + return current.value; + } + } + }, { + key: "set_object_at", + value: function set_object_at(index, value) { + if (index <= this.length()) { + var i = 1; + var current = this.head; + while (i < index) { + current = current.next; + i++; + } + current.value = value; + } + } + }]); + + return LinkedList; +}(); + +module.exports = LinkedList; + +/***/ }), +/* 12 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +/* + *This class is the javascript implementation of the Point.java class in jdk + */ +function Point(x, y, p) { + this.x = null; + this.y = null; + if (x == null && y == null && p == null) { + this.x = 0; + this.y = 0; + } else if (typeof x == 'number' && typeof y == 'number' && p == null) { + this.x = x; + this.y = y; + } else if (x.constructor.name == 'Point' && y == null && p == null) { + p = x; + this.x = p.x; + this.y = p.y; + } +} + +Point.prototype.getX = function () { + return this.x; +}; + +Point.prototype.getY = function () { + return this.y; +}; + +Point.prototype.getLocation = function () { + return new Point(this.x, this.y); +}; + +Point.prototype.setLocation = function (x, y, p) { + if (x.constructor.name == 'Point' && y == null && p == null) { + p = x; + this.setLocation(p.x, p.y); + } else if (typeof x == 'number' && typeof y == 'number' && p == null) { + //if both parameters are integer just move (x,y) location + if (parseInt(x) == x && parseInt(y) == y) { + this.move(x, y); + } else { + this.x = Math.floor(x + 0.5); + this.y = Math.floor(y + 0.5); + } + } +}; + +Point.prototype.move = function (x, y) { + this.x = x; + this.y = y; +}; + +Point.prototype.translate = function (dx, dy) { + this.x += dx; + this.y += dy; +}; + +Point.prototype.equals = function (obj) { + if (obj.constructor.name == "Point") { + var pt = obj; + return this.x == pt.x && this.y == pt.y; + } + return this == obj; +}; + +Point.prototype.toString = function () { + return new Point().constructor.name + "[x=" + this.x + ",y=" + this.y + "]"; +}; + +module.exports = Point; + +/***/ }), +/* 13 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function RectangleD(x, y, width, height) { + this.x = 0; + this.y = 0; + this.width = 0; + this.height = 0; + + if (x != null && y != null && width != null && height != null) { + this.x = x; + this.y = y; + this.width = width; + this.height = height; + } +} + +RectangleD.prototype.getX = function () { + return this.x; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.setX = function (x) { + this.x = x; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getY = function () { + return this.y; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.setY = function (y) { + this.y = y; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getWidth = function () { + return this.width; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.setWidth = function (width) { + this.width = width; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getHeight = function () { + return this.height; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.setHeight = function (height) { + this.height = height; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getRight = function () { + return this.x + this.width; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getBottom = function () { + return this.y + this.height; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.intersects = function (a) { + if (this.getRight() < a.x) { + return false; + } + + if (this.getBottom() < a.y) { + return false; + } + + if (a.getRight() < this.x) { + return false; + } + + if (a.getBottom() < this.y) { + return false; + } + + return true; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getCenterX = function () { + return this.x + this.width / 2; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getMinX = function () { + return this.getX(); +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getMaxX = function () { + return this.getX() + this.width; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getCenterY = function () { + return this.y + this.height / 2; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getMinY = function () { + return this.getY(); +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getMaxY = function () { + return this.getY() + this.height; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getWidthHalf = function () { + return this.width / 2; +}; + +RectangleD.prototype.getHeightHalf = function () { + return this.height / 2; +}; + +module.exports = RectangleD; + +/***/ }), +/* 14 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var _typeof = typeof Symbol === "function" && typeof Symbol.iterator === "symbol" ? function (obj) { return typeof obj; } : function (obj) { return obj && typeof Symbol === "function" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof obj; }; + +function UniqueIDGeneretor() {} + +UniqueIDGeneretor.lastID = 0; + +UniqueIDGeneretor.createID = function (obj) { + if (UniqueIDGeneretor.isPrimitive(obj)) { + return obj; + } + if (obj.uniqueID != null) { + return obj.uniqueID; + } + obj.uniqueID = UniqueIDGeneretor.getString(); + UniqueIDGeneretor.lastID++; + return obj.uniqueID; +}; + +UniqueIDGeneretor.getString = function (id) { + if (id == null) id = UniqueIDGeneretor.lastID; + return "Object#" + id + ""; +}; + +UniqueIDGeneretor.isPrimitive = function (arg) { + var type = typeof arg === "undefined" ? "undefined" : _typeof(arg); + return arg == null || type != "object" && type != "function"; +}; + +module.exports = UniqueIDGeneretor; + +/***/ }), +/* 15 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_64072__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function _toConsumableArray(arr) { if (Array.isArray(arr)) { for (var i = 0, arr2 = Array(arr.length); i < arr.length; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; } else { return Array.from(arr); } } + +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(0); +var LGraphManager = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(6); +var LNode = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(3); +var LEdge = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(1); +var LGraph = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(5); +var PointD = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(4); +var Transform = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(17); +var Emitter = __nested_webpack_require_64072__(27); + +function Layout(isRemoteUse) { + Emitter.call(this); + + //Layout Quality: 0:draft, 1:default, 2:proof + this.layoutQuality = LayoutConstants.QUALITY; + //Whether layout should create bendpoints as needed or not + this.createBendsAsNeeded = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_CREATE_BENDS_AS_NEEDED; + //Whether layout should be incremental or not + this.incremental = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL; + //Whether we animate from before to after layout node positions + this.animationOnLayout = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_ON_LAYOUT; + //Whether we animate the layout process or not + this.animationDuringLayout = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_DURING_LAYOUT; + //Number iterations that should be done between two successive animations + this.animationPeriod = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_PERIOD; + /** + * Whether or not leaf nodes (non-compound nodes) are of uniform sizes. When + * they are, both spring and repulsion forces between two leaf nodes can be + * calculated without the expensive clipping point calculations, resulting + * in major speed-up. + */ + this.uniformLeafNodeSizes = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_UNIFORM_LEAF_NODE_SIZES; + /** + * This is used for creation of bendpoints by using dummy nodes and edges. + * Maps an LEdge to its dummy bendpoint path. + */ + this.edgeToDummyNodes = new Map(); + this.graphManager = new LGraphManager(this); + this.isLayoutFinished = false; + this.isSubLayout = false; + this.isRemoteUse = false; + + if (isRemoteUse != null) { + this.isRemoteUse = isRemoteUse; + } +} + +Layout.RANDOM_SEED = 1; + +Layout.prototype = Object.create(Emitter.prototype); + +Layout.prototype.getGraphManager = function () { + return this.graphManager; +}; + +Layout.prototype.getAllNodes = function () { + return this.graphManager.getAllNodes(); +}; + +Layout.prototype.getAllEdges = function () { + return this.graphManager.getAllEdges(); +}; + +Layout.prototype.getAllNodesToApplyGravitation = function () { + return this.graphManager.getAllNodesToApplyGravitation(); +}; + +Layout.prototype.newGraphManager = function () { + var gm = new LGraphManager(this); + this.graphManager = gm; + return gm; +}; + +Layout.prototype.newGraph = function (vGraph) { + return new LGraph(null, this.graphManager, vGraph); +}; + +Layout.prototype.newNode = function (vNode) { + return new LNode(this.graphManager, vNode); +}; + +Layout.prototype.newEdge = function (vEdge) { + return new LEdge(null, null, vEdge); +}; + +Layout.prototype.checkLayoutSuccess = function () { + return this.graphManager.getRoot() == null || this.graphManager.getRoot().getNodes().length == 0 || this.graphManager.includesInvalidEdge(); +}; + +Layout.prototype.runLayout = function () { + this.isLayoutFinished = false; + + if (this.tilingPreLayout) { + this.tilingPreLayout(); + } + + this.initParameters(); + var isLayoutSuccessfull; + + if (this.checkLayoutSuccess()) { + isLayoutSuccessfull = false; + } else { + isLayoutSuccessfull = this.layout(); + } + + if (LayoutConstants.ANIMATE === 'during') { + // If this is a 'during' layout animation. Layout is not finished yet. + // We need to perform these in index.js when layout is really finished. + return false; + } + + if (isLayoutSuccessfull) { + if (!this.isSubLayout) { + this.doPostLayout(); + } + } + + if (this.tilingPostLayout) { + this.tilingPostLayout(); + } + + this.isLayoutFinished = true; + + return isLayoutSuccessfull; +}; + +/** + * This method performs the operations required after layout. + */ +Layout.prototype.doPostLayout = function () { + //assert !isSubLayout : "Should not be called on sub-layout!"; + // Propagate geometric changes to v-level objects + if (!this.incremental) { + this.transform(); + } + this.update(); +}; + +/** + * This method updates the geometry of the target graph according to + * calculated layout. + */ +Layout.prototype.update2 = function () { + // update bend points + if (this.createBendsAsNeeded) { + this.createBendpointsFromDummyNodes(); + + // reset all edges, since the topology has changed + this.graphManager.resetAllEdges(); + } + + // perform edge, node and root updates if layout is not called + // remotely + if (!this.isRemoteUse) { + // update all edges + var edge; + var allEdges = this.graphManager.getAllEdges(); + for (var i = 0; i < allEdges.length; i++) { + edge = allEdges[i]; + // this.update(edge); + } + + // recursively update nodes + var node; + var nodes = this.graphManager.getRoot().getNodes(); + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + node = nodes[i]; + // this.update(node); + } + + // update root graph + this.update(this.graphManager.getRoot()); + } +}; + +Layout.prototype.update = function (obj) { + if (obj == null) { + this.update2(); + } else if (obj instanceof LNode) { + var node = obj; + if (node.getChild() != null) { + // since node is compound, recursively update child nodes + var nodes = node.getChild().getNodes(); + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + update(nodes[i]); + } + } + + // if the l-level node is associated with a v-level graph object, + // then it is assumed that the v-level node implements the + // interface Updatable. + if (node.vGraphObject != null) { + // cast to Updatable without any type check + var vNode = node.vGraphObject; + + // call the update method of the interface + vNode.update(node); + } + } else if (obj instanceof LEdge) { + var edge = obj; + // if the l-level edge is associated with a v-level graph object, + // then it is assumed that the v-level edge implements the + // interface Updatable. + + if (edge.vGraphObject != null) { + // cast to Updatable without any type check + var vEdge = edge.vGraphObject; + + // call the update method of the interface + vEdge.update(edge); + } + } else if (obj instanceof LGraph) { + var graph = obj; + // if the l-level graph is associated with a v-level graph object, + // then it is assumed that the v-level object implements the + // interface Updatable. + + if (graph.vGraphObject != null) { + // cast to Updatable without any type check + var vGraph = graph.vGraphObject; + + // call the update method of the interface + vGraph.update(graph); + } + } +}; + +/** + * This method is used to set all layout parameters to default values + * determined at compile time. + */ +Layout.prototype.initParameters = function () { + if (!this.isSubLayout) { + this.layoutQuality = LayoutConstants.QUALITY; + this.animationDuringLayout = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_DURING_LAYOUT; + this.animationPeriod = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_PERIOD; + this.animationOnLayout = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_ANIMATION_ON_LAYOUT; + this.incremental = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL; + this.createBendsAsNeeded = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_CREATE_BENDS_AS_NEEDED; + this.uniformLeafNodeSizes = LayoutConstants.DEFAULT_UNIFORM_LEAF_NODE_SIZES; + } + + if (this.animationDuringLayout) { + this.animationOnLayout = false; + } +}; + +Layout.prototype.transform = function (newLeftTop) { + if (newLeftTop == undefined) { + this.transform(new PointD(0, 0)); + } else { + // create a transformation object (from Eclipse to layout). When an + // inverse transform is applied, we get upper-left coordinate of the + // drawing or the root graph at given input coordinate (some margins + // already included in calculation of left-top). + + var trans = new Transform(); + var leftTop = this.graphManager.getRoot().updateLeftTop(); + + if (leftTop != null) { + trans.setWorldOrgX(newLeftTop.x); + trans.setWorldOrgY(newLeftTop.y); + + trans.setDeviceOrgX(leftTop.x); + trans.setDeviceOrgY(leftTop.y); + + var nodes = this.getAllNodes(); + var node; + + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + node = nodes[i]; + node.transform(trans); + } + } + } +}; + +Layout.prototype.positionNodesRandomly = function (graph) { + + if (graph == undefined) { + //assert !this.incremental; + this.positionNodesRandomly(this.getGraphManager().getRoot()); + this.getGraphManager().getRoot().updateBounds(true); + } else { + var lNode; + var childGraph; + + var nodes = graph.getNodes(); + for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { + lNode = nodes[i]; + childGraph = lNode.getChild(); + + if (childGraph == null) { + lNode.scatter(); + } else if (childGraph.getNodes().length == 0) { + lNode.scatter(); + } else { + this.positionNodesRandomly(childGraph); + lNode.updateBounds(); + } + } + } +}; + +/** + * This method returns a list of trees where each tree is represented as a + * list of l-nodes. The method returns a list of size 0 when: + * - The graph is not flat or + * - One of the component(s) of the graph is not a tree. + */ +Layout.prototype.getFlatForest = function () { + var flatForest = []; + var isForest = true; + + // Quick reference for all nodes in the graph manager associated with + // this layout. The list should not be changed. + var allNodes = this.graphManager.getRoot().getNodes(); + + // First be sure that the graph is flat + var isFlat = true; + + for (var i = 0; i < allNodes.length; i++) { + if (allNodes[i].getChild() != null) { + isFlat = false; + } + } + + // Return empty forest if the graph is not flat. + if (!isFlat) { + return flatForest; + } + + // Run BFS for each component of the graph. + + var visited = new Set(); + var toBeVisited = []; + var parents = new Map(); + var unProcessedNodes = []; + + unProcessedNodes = unProcessedNodes.concat(allNodes); + + // Each iteration of this loop finds a component of the graph and + // decides whether it is a tree or not. If it is a tree, adds it to the + // forest and continued with the next component. + + while (unProcessedNodes.length > 0 && isForest) { + toBeVisited.push(unProcessedNodes[0]); + + // Start the BFS. Each iteration of this loop visits a node in a + // BFS manner. + while (toBeVisited.length > 0 && isForest) { + //pool operation + var currentNode = toBeVisited[0]; + toBeVisited.splice(0, 1); + visited.add(currentNode); + + // Traverse all neighbors of this node + var neighborEdges = currentNode.getEdges(); + + for (var i = 0; i < neighborEdges.length; i++) { + var currentNeighbor = neighborEdges[i].getOtherEnd(currentNode); + + // If BFS is not growing from this neighbor. + if (parents.get(currentNode) != currentNeighbor) { + // We haven't previously visited this neighbor. + if (!visited.has(currentNeighbor)) { + toBeVisited.push(currentNeighbor); + parents.set(currentNeighbor, currentNode); + } + // Since we have previously visited this neighbor and + // this neighbor is not parent of currentNode, given + // graph contains a component that is not tree, hence + // it is not a forest. + else { + isForest = false; + break; + } + } + } + } + + // The graph contains a component that is not a tree. Empty + // previously found trees. The method will end. + if (!isForest) { + flatForest = []; + } + // Save currently visited nodes as a tree in our forest. Reset + // visited and parents lists. Continue with the next component of + // the graph, if any. + else { + var temp = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(visited)); + flatForest.push(temp); + //flatForest = flatForest.concat(temp); + //unProcessedNodes.removeAll(visited); + for (var i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) { + var value = temp[i]; + var index = unProcessedNodes.indexOf(value); + if (index > -1) { + unProcessedNodes.splice(index, 1); + } + } + visited = new Set(); + parents = new Map(); + } + } + + return flatForest; +}; + +/** + * This method creates dummy nodes (an l-level node with minimal dimensions) + * for the given edge (one per bendpoint). The existing l-level structure + * is updated accordingly. + */ +Layout.prototype.createDummyNodesForBendpoints = function (edge) { + var dummyNodes = []; + var prev = edge.source; + + var graph = this.graphManager.calcLowestCommonAncestor(edge.source, edge.target); + + for (var i = 0; i < edge.bendpoints.length; i++) { + // create new dummy node + var dummyNode = this.newNode(null); + dummyNode.setRect(new Point(0, 0), new Dimension(1, 1)); + + graph.add(dummyNode); + + // create new dummy edge between prev and dummy node + var dummyEdge = this.newEdge(null); + this.graphManager.add(dummyEdge, prev, dummyNode); + + dummyNodes.add(dummyNode); + prev = dummyNode; + } + + var dummyEdge = this.newEdge(null); + this.graphManager.add(dummyEdge, prev, edge.target); + + this.edgeToDummyNodes.set(edge, dummyNodes); + + // remove real edge from graph manager if it is inter-graph + if (edge.isInterGraph()) { + this.graphManager.remove(edge); + } + // else, remove the edge from the current graph + else { + graph.remove(edge); + } + + return dummyNodes; +}; + +/** + * This method creates bendpoints for edges from the dummy nodes + * at l-level. + */ +Layout.prototype.createBendpointsFromDummyNodes = function () { + var edges = []; + edges = edges.concat(this.graphManager.getAllEdges()); + edges = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(this.edgeToDummyNodes.keys())).concat(edges); + + for (var k = 0; k < edges.length; k++) { + var lEdge = edges[k]; + + if (lEdge.bendpoints.length > 0) { + var path = this.edgeToDummyNodes.get(lEdge); + + for (var i = 0; i < path.length; i++) { + var dummyNode = path[i]; + var p = new PointD(dummyNode.getCenterX(), dummyNode.getCenterY()); + + // update bendpoint's location according to dummy node + var ebp = lEdge.bendpoints.get(i); + ebp.x = p.x; + ebp.y = p.y; + + // remove the dummy node, dummy edges incident with this + // dummy node is also removed (within the remove method) + dummyNode.getOwner().remove(dummyNode); + } + + // add the real edge to graph + this.graphManager.add(lEdge, lEdge.source, lEdge.target); + } + } +}; + +Layout.transform = function (sliderValue, defaultValue, minDiv, maxMul) { + if (minDiv != undefined && maxMul != undefined) { + var value = defaultValue; + + if (sliderValue <= 50) { + var minValue = defaultValue / minDiv; + value -= (defaultValue - minValue) / 50 * (50 - sliderValue); + } else { + var maxValue = defaultValue * maxMul; + value += (maxValue - defaultValue) / 50 * (sliderValue - 50); + } + + return value; + } else { + var a, b; + + if (sliderValue <= 50) { + a = 9.0 * defaultValue / 500.0; + b = defaultValue / 10.0; + } else { + a = 9.0 * defaultValue / 50.0; + b = -8 * defaultValue; + } + + return a * sliderValue + b; + } +}; + +/** + * This method finds and returns the center of the given nodes, assuming + * that the given nodes form a tree in themselves. + */ +Layout.findCenterOfTree = function (nodes) { + var list = []; + list = list.concat(nodes); + + var removedNodes = []; + var remainingDegrees = new Map(); + var foundCenter = false; + var centerNode = null; + + if (list.length == 1 || list.length == 2) { + foundCenter = true; + centerNode = list[0]; + } + + for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { + var node = list[i]; + var degree = node.getNeighborsList().size; + remainingDegrees.set(node, node.getNeighborsList().size); + + if (degree == 1) { + removedNodes.push(node); + } + } + + var tempList = []; + tempList = tempList.concat(removedNodes); + + while (!foundCenter) { + var tempList2 = []; + tempList2 = tempList2.concat(tempList); + tempList = []; + + for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { + var node = list[i]; + + var index = list.indexOf(node); + if (index >= 0) { + list.splice(index, 1); + } + + var neighbours = node.getNeighborsList(); + + neighbours.forEach(function (neighbour) { + if (removedNodes.indexOf(neighbour) < 0) { + var otherDegree = remainingDegrees.get(neighbour); + var newDegree = otherDegree - 1; + + if (newDegree == 1) { + tempList.push(neighbour); + } + + remainingDegrees.set(neighbour, newDegree); + } + }); + } + + removedNodes = removedNodes.concat(tempList); + + if (list.length == 1 || list.length == 2) { + foundCenter = true; + centerNode = list[0]; + } + } + + return centerNode; +}; + +/** + * During the coarsening process, this layout may be referenced by two graph managers + * this setter function grants access to change the currently being used graph manager + */ +Layout.prototype.setGraphManager = function (gm) { + this.graphManager = gm; +}; + +module.exports = Layout; + +/***/ }), +/* 16 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function RandomSeed() {} +// adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/19303725 +RandomSeed.seed = 1; +RandomSeed.x = 0; + +RandomSeed.nextDouble = function () { + RandomSeed.x = Math.sin(RandomSeed.seed++) * 10000; + return RandomSeed.x - Math.floor(RandomSeed.x); +}; + +module.exports = RandomSeed; + +/***/ }), +/* 17 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_81860__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var PointD = __nested_webpack_require_81860__(4); + +function Transform(x, y) { + this.lworldOrgX = 0.0; + this.lworldOrgY = 0.0; + this.ldeviceOrgX = 0.0; + this.ldeviceOrgY = 0.0; + this.lworldExtX = 1.0; + this.lworldExtY = 1.0; + this.ldeviceExtX = 1.0; + this.ldeviceExtY = 1.0; +} + +Transform.prototype.getWorldOrgX = function () { + return this.lworldOrgX; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setWorldOrgX = function (wox) { + this.lworldOrgX = wox; +}; + +Transform.prototype.getWorldOrgY = function () { + return this.lworldOrgY; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setWorldOrgY = function (woy) { + this.lworldOrgY = woy; +}; + +Transform.prototype.getWorldExtX = function () { + return this.lworldExtX; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setWorldExtX = function (wex) { + this.lworldExtX = wex; +}; + +Transform.prototype.getWorldExtY = function () { + return this.lworldExtY; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setWorldExtY = function (wey) { + this.lworldExtY = wey; +}; + +/* Device related */ + +Transform.prototype.getDeviceOrgX = function () { + return this.ldeviceOrgX; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setDeviceOrgX = function (dox) { + this.ldeviceOrgX = dox; +}; + +Transform.prototype.getDeviceOrgY = function () { + return this.ldeviceOrgY; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setDeviceOrgY = function (doy) { + this.ldeviceOrgY = doy; +}; + +Transform.prototype.getDeviceExtX = function () { + return this.ldeviceExtX; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setDeviceExtX = function (dex) { + this.ldeviceExtX = dex; +}; + +Transform.prototype.getDeviceExtY = function () { + return this.ldeviceExtY; +}; + +Transform.prototype.setDeviceExtY = function (dey) { + this.ldeviceExtY = dey; +}; + +Transform.prototype.transformX = function (x) { + var xDevice = 0.0; + var worldExtX = this.lworldExtX; + if (worldExtX != 0.0) { + xDevice = this.ldeviceOrgX + (x - this.lworldOrgX) * this.ldeviceExtX / worldExtX; + } + + return xDevice; +}; + +Transform.prototype.transformY = function (y) { + var yDevice = 0.0; + var worldExtY = this.lworldExtY; + if (worldExtY != 0.0) { + yDevice = this.ldeviceOrgY + (y - this.lworldOrgY) * this.ldeviceExtY / worldExtY; + } + + return yDevice; +}; + +Transform.prototype.inverseTransformX = function (x) { + var xWorld = 0.0; + var deviceExtX = this.ldeviceExtX; + if (deviceExtX != 0.0) { + xWorld = this.lworldOrgX + (x - this.ldeviceOrgX) * this.lworldExtX / deviceExtX; + } + + return xWorld; +}; + +Transform.prototype.inverseTransformY = function (y) { + var yWorld = 0.0; + var deviceExtY = this.ldeviceExtY; + if (deviceExtY != 0.0) { + yWorld = this.lworldOrgY + (y - this.ldeviceOrgY) * this.lworldExtY / deviceExtY; + } + return yWorld; +}; + +Transform.prototype.inverseTransformPoint = function (inPoint) { + var outPoint = new PointD(this.inverseTransformX(inPoint.x), this.inverseTransformY(inPoint.y)); + return outPoint; +}; + +module.exports = Transform; + +/***/ }), +/* 18 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_84747__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function _toConsumableArray(arr) { if (Array.isArray(arr)) { for (var i = 0, arr2 = Array(arr.length); i < arr.length; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; } else { return Array.from(arr); } } + +var Layout = __nested_webpack_require_84747__(15); +var FDLayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_84747__(7); +var LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_84747__(0); +var IGeometry = __nested_webpack_require_84747__(8); +var IMath = __nested_webpack_require_84747__(9); + +function FDLayout() { + Layout.call(this); + + this.useSmartIdealEdgeLengthCalculation = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_USE_SMART_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_CALCULATION; + this.idealEdgeLength = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH; + this.springConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_SPRING_STRENGTH; + this.repulsionConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_REPULSION_STRENGTH; + this.gravityConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_STRENGTH; + this.compoundGravityConstant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_STRENGTH; + this.gravityRangeFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR; + this.compoundGravityRangeFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COMPOUND_GRAVITY_RANGE_FACTOR; + this.displacementThresholdPerNode = 3.0 * FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH / 100; + this.coolingFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL; + this.initialCoolingFactor = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_COOLING_FACTOR_INCREMENTAL; + this.totalDisplacement = 0.0; + this.oldTotalDisplacement = 0.0; + this.maxIterations = FDLayoutConstants.MAX_ITERATIONS; +} + +FDLayout.prototype = Object.create(Layout.prototype); + +for (var prop in Layout) { + FDLayout[prop] = Layout[prop]; +} + +FDLayout.prototype.initParameters = function () { + Layout.prototype.initParameters.call(this, arguments); + + this.totalIterations = 0; + this.notAnimatedIterations = 0; + + this.useFRGridVariant = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_USE_SMART_REPULSION_RANGE_CALCULATION; + + this.grid = []; +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcIdealEdgeLengths = function () { + var edge; + var lcaDepth; + var source; + var target; + var sizeOfSourceInLca; + var sizeOfTargetInLca; + + var allEdges = this.getGraphManager().getAllEdges(); + for (var i = 0; i < allEdges.length; i++) { + edge = allEdges[i]; + + edge.idealLength = this.idealEdgeLength; + + if (edge.isInterGraph) { + source = edge.getSource(); + target = edge.getTarget(); + + sizeOfSourceInLca = edge.getSourceInLca().getEstimatedSize(); + sizeOfTargetInLca = edge.getTargetInLca().getEstimatedSize(); + + if (this.useSmartIdealEdgeLengthCalculation) { + edge.idealLength += sizeOfSourceInLca + sizeOfTargetInLca - 2 * LayoutConstants.SIMPLE_NODE_SIZE; + } + + lcaDepth = edge.getLca().getInclusionTreeDepth(); + + edge.idealLength += FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH * FDLayoutConstants.PER_LEVEL_IDEAL_EDGE_LENGTH_FACTOR * (source.getInclusionTreeDepth() + target.getInclusionTreeDepth() - 2 * lcaDepth); + } + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.initSpringEmbedder = function () { + + var s = this.getAllNodes().length; + if (this.incremental) { + if (s > FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT) { + this.coolingFactor = Math.max(this.coolingFactor * FDLayoutConstants.COOLING_ADAPTATION_FACTOR, this.coolingFactor - (s - FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT) / (FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_UPPER_NODE_LIMIT - FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT) * this.coolingFactor * (1 - FDLayoutConstants.COOLING_ADAPTATION_FACTOR)); + } + this.maxNodeDisplacement = FDLayoutConstants.MAX_NODE_DISPLACEMENT_INCREMENTAL; + } else { + if (s > FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT) { + this.coolingFactor = Math.max(FDLayoutConstants.COOLING_ADAPTATION_FACTOR, 1.0 - (s - FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT) / (FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_UPPER_NODE_LIMIT - FDLayoutConstants.ADAPTATION_LOWER_NODE_LIMIT) * (1 - FDLayoutConstants.COOLING_ADAPTATION_FACTOR)); + } else { + this.coolingFactor = 1.0; + } + this.initialCoolingFactor = this.coolingFactor; + this.maxNodeDisplacement = FDLayoutConstants.MAX_NODE_DISPLACEMENT; + } + + this.maxIterations = Math.max(this.getAllNodes().length * 5, this.maxIterations); + + this.totalDisplacementThreshold = this.displacementThresholdPerNode * this.getAllNodes().length; + + this.repulsionRange = this.calcRepulsionRange(); +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcSpringForces = function () { + var lEdges = this.getAllEdges(); + var edge; + + for (var i = 0; i < lEdges.length; i++) { + edge = lEdges[i]; + + this.calcSpringForce(edge, edge.idealLength); + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcRepulsionForces = function () { + var gridUpdateAllowed = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true; + var forceToNodeSurroundingUpdate = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : false; + + var i, j; + var nodeA, nodeB; + var lNodes = this.getAllNodes(); + var processedNodeSet; + + if (this.useFRGridVariant) { + if (this.totalIterations % FDLayoutConstants.GRID_CALCULATION_CHECK_PERIOD == 1 && gridUpdateAllowed) { + this.updateGrid(); + } + + processedNodeSet = new Set(); + + // calculate repulsion forces between each nodes and its surrounding + for (i = 0; i < lNodes.length; i++) { + nodeA = lNodes[i]; + this.calculateRepulsionForceOfANode(nodeA, processedNodeSet, gridUpdateAllowed, forceToNodeSurroundingUpdate); + processedNodeSet.add(nodeA); + } + } else { + for (i = 0; i < lNodes.length; i++) { + nodeA = lNodes[i]; + + for (j = i + 1; j < lNodes.length; j++) { + nodeB = lNodes[j]; + + // If both nodes are not members of the same graph, skip. + if (nodeA.getOwner() != nodeB.getOwner()) { + continue; + } + + this.calcRepulsionForce(nodeA, nodeB); + } + } + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcGravitationalForces = function () { + var node; + var lNodes = this.getAllNodesToApplyGravitation(); + + for (var i = 0; i < lNodes.length; i++) { + node = lNodes[i]; + this.calcGravitationalForce(node); + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.moveNodes = function () { + var lNodes = this.getAllNodes(); + var node; + + for (var i = 0; i < lNodes.length; i++) { + node = lNodes[i]; + node.move(); + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcSpringForce = function (edge, idealLength) { + var sourceNode = edge.getSource(); + var targetNode = edge.getTarget(); + + var length; + var springForce; + var springForceX; + var springForceY; + + // Update edge length + if (this.uniformLeafNodeSizes && sourceNode.getChild() == null && targetNode.getChild() == null) { + edge.updateLengthSimple(); + } else { + edge.updateLength(); + + if (edge.isOverlapingSourceAndTarget) { + return; + } + } + + length = edge.getLength(); + + if (length == 0) return; + + // Calculate spring forces + springForce = this.springConstant * (length - idealLength); + + // Project force onto x and y axes + springForceX = springForce * (edge.lengthX / length); + springForceY = springForce * (edge.lengthY / length); + + // Apply forces on the end nodes + sourceNode.springForceX += springForceX; + sourceNode.springForceY += springForceY; + targetNode.springForceX -= springForceX; + targetNode.springForceY -= springForceY; +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcRepulsionForce = function (nodeA, nodeB) { + var rectA = nodeA.getRect(); + var rectB = nodeB.getRect(); + var overlapAmount = new Array(2); + var clipPoints = new Array(4); + var distanceX; + var distanceY; + var distanceSquared; + var distance; + var repulsionForce; + var repulsionForceX; + var repulsionForceY; + + if (rectA.intersects(rectB)) // two nodes overlap + { + // calculate separation amount in x and y directions + IGeometry.calcSeparationAmount(rectA, rectB, overlapAmount, FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH / 2.0); + + repulsionForceX = 2 * overlapAmount[0]; + repulsionForceY = 2 * overlapAmount[1]; + + var childrenConstant = nodeA.noOfChildren * nodeB.noOfChildren / (nodeA.noOfChildren + nodeB.noOfChildren); + + // Apply forces on the two nodes + nodeA.repulsionForceX -= childrenConstant * repulsionForceX; + nodeA.repulsionForceY -= childrenConstant * repulsionForceY; + nodeB.repulsionForceX += childrenConstant * repulsionForceX; + nodeB.repulsionForceY += childrenConstant * repulsionForceY; + } else // no overlap + { + // calculate distance + + if (this.uniformLeafNodeSizes && nodeA.getChild() == null && nodeB.getChild() == null) // simply base repulsion on distance of node centers + { + distanceX = rectB.getCenterX() - rectA.getCenterX(); + distanceY = rectB.getCenterY() - rectA.getCenterY(); + } else // use clipping points + { + IGeometry.getIntersection(rectA, rectB, clipPoints); + + distanceX = clipPoints[2] - clipPoints[0]; + distanceY = clipPoints[3] - clipPoints[1]; + } + + // No repulsion range. FR grid variant should take care of this. + if (Math.abs(distanceX) < FDLayoutConstants.MIN_REPULSION_DIST) { + distanceX = IMath.sign(distanceX) * FDLayoutConstants.MIN_REPULSION_DIST; + } + + if (Math.abs(distanceY) < FDLayoutConstants.MIN_REPULSION_DIST) { + distanceY = IMath.sign(distanceY) * FDLayoutConstants.MIN_REPULSION_DIST; + } + + distanceSquared = distanceX * distanceX + distanceY * distanceY; + distance = Math.sqrt(distanceSquared); + + repulsionForce = this.repulsionConstant * nodeA.noOfChildren * nodeB.noOfChildren / distanceSquared; + + // Project force onto x and y axes + repulsionForceX = repulsionForce * distanceX / distance; + repulsionForceY = repulsionForce * distanceY / distance; + + // Apply forces on the two nodes + nodeA.repulsionForceX -= repulsionForceX; + nodeA.repulsionForceY -= repulsionForceY; + nodeB.repulsionForceX += repulsionForceX; + nodeB.repulsionForceY += repulsionForceY; + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcGravitationalForce = function (node) { + var ownerGraph; + var ownerCenterX; + var ownerCenterY; + var distanceX; + var distanceY; + var absDistanceX; + var absDistanceY; + var estimatedSize; + ownerGraph = node.getOwner(); + + ownerCenterX = (ownerGraph.getRight() + ownerGraph.getLeft()) / 2; + ownerCenterY = (ownerGraph.getTop() + ownerGraph.getBottom()) / 2; + distanceX = node.getCenterX() - ownerCenterX; + distanceY = node.getCenterY() - ownerCenterY; + absDistanceX = Math.abs(distanceX) + node.getWidth() / 2; + absDistanceY = Math.abs(distanceY) + node.getHeight() / 2; + + if (node.getOwner() == this.graphManager.getRoot()) // in the root graph + { + estimatedSize = ownerGraph.getEstimatedSize() * this.gravityRangeFactor; + + if (absDistanceX > estimatedSize || absDistanceY > estimatedSize) { + node.gravitationForceX = -this.gravityConstant * distanceX; + node.gravitationForceY = -this.gravityConstant * distanceY; + } + } else // inside a compound + { + estimatedSize = ownerGraph.getEstimatedSize() * this.compoundGravityRangeFactor; + + if (absDistanceX > estimatedSize || absDistanceY > estimatedSize) { + node.gravitationForceX = -this.gravityConstant * distanceX * this.compoundGravityConstant; + node.gravitationForceY = -this.gravityConstant * distanceY * this.compoundGravityConstant; + } + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.isConverged = function () { + var converged; + var oscilating = false; + + if (this.totalIterations > this.maxIterations / 3) { + oscilating = Math.abs(this.totalDisplacement - this.oldTotalDisplacement) < 2; + } + + converged = this.totalDisplacement < this.totalDisplacementThreshold; + + this.oldTotalDisplacement = this.totalDisplacement; + + return converged || oscilating; +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.animate = function () { + if (this.animationDuringLayout && !this.isSubLayout) { + if (this.notAnimatedIterations == this.animationPeriod) { + this.update(); + this.notAnimatedIterations = 0; + } else { + this.notAnimatedIterations++; + } + } +}; + +//This method calculates the number of children (weight) for all nodes +FDLayout.prototype.calcNoOfChildrenForAllNodes = function () { + var node; + var allNodes = this.graphManager.getAllNodes(); + + for (var i = 0; i < allNodes.length; i++) { + node = allNodes[i]; + node.noOfChildren = node.getNoOfChildren(); + } +}; + +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Section: FR-Grid Variant Repulsion Force Calculation +// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +FDLayout.prototype.calcGrid = function (graph) { + + var sizeX = 0; + var sizeY = 0; + + sizeX = parseInt(Math.ceil((graph.getRight() - graph.getLeft()) / this.repulsionRange)); + sizeY = parseInt(Math.ceil((graph.getBottom() - graph.getTop()) / this.repulsionRange)); + + var grid = new Array(sizeX); + + for (var i = 0; i < sizeX; i++) { + grid[i] = new Array(sizeY); + } + + for (var i = 0; i < sizeX; i++) { + for (var j = 0; j < sizeY; j++) { + grid[i][j] = new Array(); + } + } + + return grid; +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.addNodeToGrid = function (v, left, top) { + + var startX = 0; + var finishX = 0; + var startY = 0; + var finishY = 0; + + startX = parseInt(Math.floor((v.getRect().x - left) / this.repulsionRange)); + finishX = parseInt(Math.floor((v.getRect().width + v.getRect().x - left) / this.repulsionRange)); + startY = parseInt(Math.floor((v.getRect().y - top) / this.repulsionRange)); + finishY = parseInt(Math.floor((v.getRect().height + v.getRect().y - top) / this.repulsionRange)); + + for (var i = startX; i <= finishX; i++) { + for (var j = startY; j <= finishY; j++) { + this.grid[i][j].push(v); + v.setGridCoordinates(startX, finishX, startY, finishY); + } + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.updateGrid = function () { + var i; + var nodeA; + var lNodes = this.getAllNodes(); + + this.grid = this.calcGrid(this.graphManager.getRoot()); + + // put all nodes to proper grid cells + for (i = 0; i < lNodes.length; i++) { + nodeA = lNodes[i]; + this.addNodeToGrid(nodeA, this.graphManager.getRoot().getLeft(), this.graphManager.getRoot().getTop()); + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calculateRepulsionForceOfANode = function (nodeA, processedNodeSet, gridUpdateAllowed, forceToNodeSurroundingUpdate) { + + if (this.totalIterations % FDLayoutConstants.GRID_CALCULATION_CHECK_PERIOD == 1 && gridUpdateAllowed || forceToNodeSurroundingUpdate) { + var surrounding = new Set(); + nodeA.surrounding = new Array(); + var nodeB; + var grid = this.grid; + + for (var i = nodeA.startX - 1; i < nodeA.finishX + 2; i++) { + for (var j = nodeA.startY - 1; j < nodeA.finishY + 2; j++) { + if (!(i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= grid.length || j >= grid[0].length)) { + for (var k = 0; k < grid[i][j].length; k++) { + nodeB = grid[i][j][k]; + + // If both nodes are not members of the same graph, + // or both nodes are the same, skip. + if (nodeA.getOwner() != nodeB.getOwner() || nodeA == nodeB) { + continue; + } + + // check if the repulsion force between + // nodeA and nodeB has already been calculated + if (!processedNodeSet.has(nodeB) && !surrounding.has(nodeB)) { + var distanceX = Math.abs(nodeA.getCenterX() - nodeB.getCenterX()) - (nodeA.getWidth() / 2 + nodeB.getWidth() / 2); + var distanceY = Math.abs(nodeA.getCenterY() - nodeB.getCenterY()) - (nodeA.getHeight() / 2 + nodeB.getHeight() / 2); + + // if the distance between nodeA and nodeB + // is less then calculation range + if (distanceX <= this.repulsionRange && distanceY <= this.repulsionRange) { + //then add nodeB to surrounding of nodeA + surrounding.add(nodeB); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + nodeA.surrounding = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(surrounding)); + } + for (i = 0; i < nodeA.surrounding.length; i++) { + this.calcRepulsionForce(nodeA, nodeA.surrounding[i]); + } +}; + +FDLayout.prototype.calcRepulsionRange = function () { + return 0.0; +}; + +module.exports = FDLayout; + +/***/ }), +/* 19 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_100902__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LEdge = __nested_webpack_require_100902__(1); +var FDLayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_100902__(7); + +function FDLayoutEdge(source, target, vEdge) { + LEdge.call(this, source, target, vEdge); + this.idealLength = FDLayoutConstants.DEFAULT_EDGE_LENGTH; +} + +FDLayoutEdge.prototype = Object.create(LEdge.prototype); + +for (var prop in LEdge) { + FDLayoutEdge[prop] = LEdge[prop]; +} + +module.exports = FDLayoutEdge; + +/***/ }), +/* 20 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_101387__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var LNode = __nested_webpack_require_101387__(3); + +function FDLayoutNode(gm, loc, size, vNode) { + // alternative constructor is handled inside LNode + LNode.call(this, gm, loc, size, vNode); + //Spring, repulsion and gravitational forces acting on this node + this.springForceX = 0; + this.springForceY = 0; + this.repulsionForceX = 0; + this.repulsionForceY = 0; + this.gravitationForceX = 0; + this.gravitationForceY = 0; + //Amount by which this node is to be moved in this iteration + this.displacementX = 0; + this.displacementY = 0; + + //Start and finish grid coordinates that this node is fallen into + this.startX = 0; + this.finishX = 0; + this.startY = 0; + this.finishY = 0; + + //Geometric neighbors of this node + this.surrounding = []; +} + +FDLayoutNode.prototype = Object.create(LNode.prototype); + +for (var prop in LNode) { + FDLayoutNode[prop] = LNode[prop]; +} + +FDLayoutNode.prototype.setGridCoordinates = function (_startX, _finishX, _startY, _finishY) { + this.startX = _startX; + this.finishX = _finishX; + this.startY = _startY; + this.finishY = _finishY; +}; + +module.exports = FDLayoutNode; + +/***/ }), +/* 21 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function DimensionD(width, height) { + this.width = 0; + this.height = 0; + if (width !== null && height !== null) { + this.height = height; + this.width = width; + } +} + +DimensionD.prototype.getWidth = function () { + return this.width; +}; + +DimensionD.prototype.setWidth = function (width) { + this.width = width; +}; + +DimensionD.prototype.getHeight = function () { + return this.height; +}; + +DimensionD.prototype.setHeight = function (height) { + this.height = height; +}; + +module.exports = DimensionD; + +/***/ }), +/* 22 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_103173__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var UniqueIDGeneretor = __nested_webpack_require_103173__(14); + +function HashMap() { + this.map = {}; + this.keys = []; +} + +HashMap.prototype.put = function (key, value) { + var theId = UniqueIDGeneretor.createID(key); + if (!this.contains(theId)) { + this.map[theId] = value; + this.keys.push(key); + } +}; + +HashMap.prototype.contains = function (key) { + var theId = UniqueIDGeneretor.createID(key); + return this.map[key] != null; +}; + +HashMap.prototype.get = function (key) { + var theId = UniqueIDGeneretor.createID(key); + return this.map[theId]; +}; + +HashMap.prototype.keySet = function () { + return this.keys; +}; + +module.exports = HashMap; + +/***/ }), +/* 23 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_103901__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var UniqueIDGeneretor = __nested_webpack_require_103901__(14); + +function HashSet() { + this.set = {}; +} +; + +HashSet.prototype.add = function (obj) { + var theId = UniqueIDGeneretor.createID(obj); + if (!this.contains(theId)) this.set[theId] = obj; +}; + +HashSet.prototype.remove = function (obj) { + delete this.set[UniqueIDGeneretor.createID(obj)]; +}; + +HashSet.prototype.clear = function () { + this.set = {}; +}; + +HashSet.prototype.contains = function (obj) { + return this.set[UniqueIDGeneretor.createID(obj)] == obj; +}; + +HashSet.prototype.isEmpty = function () { + return this.size() === 0; +}; + +HashSet.prototype.size = function () { + return Object.keys(this.set).length; +}; + +//concats this.set to the given list +HashSet.prototype.addAllTo = function (list) { + var keys = Object.keys(this.set); + var length = keys.length; + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + list.push(this.set[keys[i]]); + } +}; + +HashSet.prototype.size = function () { + return Object.keys(this.set).length; +}; + +HashSet.prototype.addAll = function (list) { + var s = list.length; + for (var i = 0; i < s; i++) { + var v = list[i]; + this.add(v); + } +}; + +module.exports = HashSet; + +/***/ }), +/* 24 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_105138__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }(); + +function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } } + +/** + * A classic Quicksort algorithm with Hoare's partition + * - Works also on LinkedList objects + * + * Copyright: i-Vis Research Group, Bilkent University, 2007 - present + */ + +var LinkedList = __nested_webpack_require_105138__(11); + +var Quicksort = function () { + function Quicksort(A, compareFunction) { + _classCallCheck(this, Quicksort); + + if (compareFunction !== null || compareFunction !== undefined) this.compareFunction = this._defaultCompareFunction; + + var length = void 0; + if (A instanceof LinkedList) length = A.size();else length = A.length; + + this._quicksort(A, 0, length - 1); + } + + _createClass(Quicksort, [{ + key: '_quicksort', + value: function _quicksort(A, p, r) { + if (p < r) { + var q = this._partition(A, p, r); + this._quicksort(A, p, q); + this._quicksort(A, q + 1, r); + } + } + }, { + key: '_partition', + value: function _partition(A, p, r) { + var x = this._get(A, p); + var i = p; + var j = r; + while (true) { + while (this.compareFunction(x, this._get(A, j))) { + j--; + }while (this.compareFunction(this._get(A, i), x)) { + i++; + }if (i < j) { + this._swap(A, i, j); + i++; + j--; + } else return j; + } + } + }, { + key: '_get', + value: function _get(object, index) { + if (object instanceof LinkedList) return object.get_object_at(index);else return object[index]; + } + }, { + key: '_set', + value: function _set(object, index, value) { + if (object instanceof LinkedList) object.set_object_at(index, value);else object[index] = value; + } + }, { + key: '_swap', + value: function _swap(A, i, j) { + var temp = this._get(A, i); + this._set(A, i, this._get(A, j)); + this._set(A, j, temp); + } + }, { + key: '_defaultCompareFunction', + value: function _defaultCompareFunction(a, b) { + return b > a; + } + }]); + + return Quicksort; +}(); + +module.exports = Quicksort; + +/***/ }), +/* 25 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }(); + +function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } } + +/** + * Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is an procedure to compute the optimal global alignment of two string + * sequences by S.B.Needleman and C.D.Wunsch (1970). + * + * Aside from the inputs, you can assign the scores for, + * - Match: The two characters at the current index are same. + * - Mismatch: The two characters at the current index are different. + * - Insertion/Deletion(gaps): The best alignment involves one letter aligning to a gap in the other string. + */ + +var NeedlemanWunsch = function () { + function NeedlemanWunsch(sequence1, sequence2) { + var match_score = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 1; + var mismatch_penalty = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : -1; + var gap_penalty = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : -1; + + _classCallCheck(this, NeedlemanWunsch); + + this.sequence1 = sequence1; + this.sequence2 = sequence2; + this.match_score = match_score; + this.mismatch_penalty = mismatch_penalty; + this.gap_penalty = gap_penalty; + + // Just the remove redundancy + this.iMax = sequence1.length + 1; + this.jMax = sequence2.length + 1; + + // Grid matrix of scores + this.grid = new Array(this.iMax); + for (var i = 0; i < this.iMax; i++) { + this.grid[i] = new Array(this.jMax); + + for (var j = 0; j < this.jMax; j++) { + this.grid[i][j] = 0; + } + } + + // Traceback matrix (2D array, each cell is an array of boolean values for [`Diag`, `Up`, `Left`] positions) + this.tracebackGrid = new Array(this.iMax); + for (var _i = 0; _i < this.iMax; _i++) { + this.tracebackGrid[_i] = new Array(this.jMax); + + for (var _j = 0; _j < this.jMax; _j++) { + this.tracebackGrid[_i][_j] = [null, null, null]; + } + } + + // The aligned sequences (return multiple possibilities) + this.alignments = []; + + // Final alignment score + this.score = -1; + + // Calculate scores and tracebacks + this.computeGrids(); + } + + _createClass(NeedlemanWunsch, [{ + key: "getScore", + value: function getScore() { + return this.score; + } + }, { + key: "getAlignments", + value: function getAlignments() { + return this.alignments; + } + + // Main dynamic programming procedure + + }, { + key: "computeGrids", + value: function computeGrids() { + // Fill in the first row + for (var j = 1; j < this.jMax; j++) { + this.grid[0][j] = this.grid[0][j - 1] + this.gap_penalty; + this.tracebackGrid[0][j] = [false, false, true]; + } + + // Fill in the first column + for (var i = 1; i < this.iMax; i++) { + this.grid[i][0] = this.grid[i - 1][0] + this.gap_penalty; + this.tracebackGrid[i][0] = [false, true, false]; + } + + // Fill the rest of the grid + for (var _i2 = 1; _i2 < this.iMax; _i2++) { + for (var _j2 = 1; _j2 < this.jMax; _j2++) { + // Find the max score(s) among [`Diag`, `Up`, `Left`] + var diag = void 0; + if (this.sequence1[_i2 - 1] === this.sequence2[_j2 - 1]) diag = this.grid[_i2 - 1][_j2 - 1] + this.match_score;else diag = this.grid[_i2 - 1][_j2 - 1] + this.mismatch_penalty; + + var up = this.grid[_i2 - 1][_j2] + this.gap_penalty; + var left = this.grid[_i2][_j2 - 1] + this.gap_penalty; + + // If there exists multiple max values, capture them for multiple paths + var maxOf = [diag, up, left]; + var indices = this.arrayAllMaxIndexes(maxOf); + + // Update Grids + this.grid[_i2][_j2] = maxOf[indices[0]]; + this.tracebackGrid[_i2][_j2] = [indices.includes(0), indices.includes(1), indices.includes(2)]; + } + } + + // Update alignment score + this.score = this.grid[this.iMax - 1][this.jMax - 1]; + } + + // Gets all possible valid sequence combinations + + }, { + key: "alignmentTraceback", + value: function alignmentTraceback() { + var inProcessAlignments = []; + + inProcessAlignments.push({ pos: [this.sequence1.length, this.sequence2.length], + seq1: "", + seq2: "" + }); + + while (inProcessAlignments[0]) { + var current = inProcessAlignments[0]; + var directions = this.tracebackGrid[current.pos[0]][current.pos[1]]; + + if (directions[0]) { + inProcessAlignments.push({ pos: [current.pos[0] - 1, current.pos[1] - 1], + seq1: this.sequence1[current.pos[0] - 1] + current.seq1, + seq2: this.sequence2[current.pos[1] - 1] + current.seq2 + }); + } + if (directions[1]) { + inProcessAlignments.push({ pos: [current.pos[0] - 1, current.pos[1]], + seq1: this.sequence1[current.pos[0] - 1] + current.seq1, + seq2: '-' + current.seq2 + }); + } + if (directions[2]) { + inProcessAlignments.push({ pos: [current.pos[0], current.pos[1] - 1], + seq1: '-' + current.seq1, + seq2: this.sequence2[current.pos[1] - 1] + current.seq2 + }); + } + + if (current.pos[0] === 0 && current.pos[1] === 0) this.alignments.push({ sequence1: current.seq1, + sequence2: current.seq2 + }); + + inProcessAlignments.shift(); + } + + return this.alignments; + } + + // Helper Functions + + }, { + key: "getAllIndexes", + value: function getAllIndexes(arr, val) { + var indexes = [], + i = -1; + while ((i = arr.indexOf(val, i + 1)) !== -1) { + indexes.push(i); + } + return indexes; + } + }, { + key: "arrayAllMaxIndexes", + value: function arrayAllMaxIndexes(array) { + return this.getAllIndexes(array, Math.max.apply(null, array)); + } + }]); + + return NeedlemanWunsch; +}(); + +module.exports = NeedlemanWunsch; + +/***/ }), +/* 26 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __nested_webpack_require_115611__) { + +"use strict"; + + +var layoutBase = function layoutBase() { + return; +}; + +layoutBase.FDLayout = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(18); +layoutBase.FDLayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(7); +layoutBase.FDLayoutEdge = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(19); +layoutBase.FDLayoutNode = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(20); +layoutBase.DimensionD = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(21); +layoutBase.HashMap = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(22); +layoutBase.HashSet = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(23); +layoutBase.IGeometry = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(8); +layoutBase.IMath = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(9); +layoutBase.Integer = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(10); +layoutBase.Point = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(12); +layoutBase.PointD = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(4); +layoutBase.RandomSeed = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(16); +layoutBase.RectangleD = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(13); +layoutBase.Transform = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(17); +layoutBase.UniqueIDGeneretor = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(14); +layoutBase.Quicksort = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(24); +layoutBase.LinkedList = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(11); +layoutBase.LGraphObject = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(2); +layoutBase.LGraph = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(5); +layoutBase.LEdge = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(1); +layoutBase.LGraphManager = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(6); +layoutBase.LNode = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(3); +layoutBase.Layout = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(15); +layoutBase.LayoutConstants = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(0); +layoutBase.NeedlemanWunsch = __nested_webpack_require_115611__(25); + +module.exports = layoutBase; + +/***/ }), +/* 27 */ +/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { + +"use strict"; + + +function Emitter() { + this.listeners = []; +} + +var p = Emitter.prototype; + +p.addListener = function (event, callback) { + this.listeners.push({ + event: event, + callback: callback + }); +}; + +p.removeListener = function (event, callback) { + for (var i = this.listeners.length; i >= 0; i--) { + var l = this.listeners[i]; + + if (l.event === event && l.callback === callback) { + this.listeners.splice(i, 1); + } + } +}; + +p.emit = function (event, data) { + for (var i = 0; i < this.listeners.length; i++) { + var l = this.listeners[i]; + + if (event === l.event) { + l.callback(data); + } + } +}; + +module.exports = Emitter; + +/***/ }) +/******/ ]); +}); + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 1989: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var hashClear = __webpack_require__(51789), + hashDelete = __webpack_require__(80401), + hashGet = __webpack_require__(57667), + hashHas = __webpack_require__(21327), + hashSet = __webpack_require__(81866); + +/** + * Creates a hash object. + * + * @private + * @constructor + * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache. + */ +function Hash(entries) { + var index = -1, + length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length; + + this.clear(); + while (++index < length) { + var entry = entries[index]; + this.set(entry[0], entry[1]); + } +} + +// Add methods to `Hash`. +Hash.prototype.clear = hashClear; +Hash.prototype['delete'] = hashDelete; +Hash.prototype.get = hashGet; +Hash.prototype.has = hashHas; +Hash.prototype.set = hashSet; + +module.exports = Hash; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 38407: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var listCacheClear = __webpack_require__(27040), + listCacheDelete = __webpack_require__(14125), + listCacheGet = __webpack_require__(82117), + listCacheHas = __webpack_require__(67518), + listCacheSet = __webpack_require__(54705); + +/** + * Creates an list cache object. + * + * @private + * @constructor + * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache. + */ +function ListCache(entries) { + var index = -1, + length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length; + + this.clear(); + while (++index < length) { + var entry = entries[index]; + this.set(entry[0], entry[1]); + } +} + +// Add methods to `ListCache`. +ListCache.prototype.clear = listCacheClear; +ListCache.prototype['delete'] = listCacheDelete; +ListCache.prototype.get = listCacheGet; +ListCache.prototype.has = listCacheHas; +ListCache.prototype.set = listCacheSet; + +module.exports = ListCache; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 57071: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getNative = __webpack_require__(10852), + root = __webpack_require__(55639); + +/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */ +var Map = getNative(root, 'Map'); + +module.exports = Map; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 83369: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var mapCacheClear = __webpack_require__(24785), + mapCacheDelete = __webpack_require__(11285), + mapCacheGet = __webpack_require__(96000), + mapCacheHas = __webpack_require__(49916), + mapCacheSet = __webpack_require__(95265); + +/** + * Creates a map cache object to store key-value pairs. + * + * @private + * @constructor + * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache. + */ +function MapCache(entries) { + var index = -1, + length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length; + + this.clear(); + while (++index < length) { + var entry = entries[index]; + this.set(entry[0], entry[1]); + } +} + +// Add methods to `MapCache`. +MapCache.prototype.clear = mapCacheClear; +MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapCacheDelete; +MapCache.prototype.get = mapCacheGet; +MapCache.prototype.has = mapCacheHas; +MapCache.prototype.set = mapCacheSet; + +module.exports = MapCache; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 62705: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var root = __webpack_require__(55639); + +/** Built-in value references. */ +var Symbol = root.Symbol; + +module.exports = Symbol; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 29932: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee + * shorthands. + * + * @private + * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over. + * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration. + * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array. + */ +function arrayMap(array, iteratee) { + var index = -1, + length = array == null ? 0 : array.length, + result = Array(length); + + while (++index < length) { + result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array); + } + return result; +} + +module.exports = arrayMap; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 34865: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseAssignValue = __webpack_require__(89465), + eq = __webpack_require__(77813); + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var objectProto = Object.prototype; + +/** Used to check objects for own properties. */ +var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty; + +/** + * Assigns `value` to `key` of `object` if the existing value is not equivalent + * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-samevaluezero) + * for equality comparisons. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} object The object to modify. + * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign. + * @param {*} value The value to assign. + */ +function assignValue(object, key, value) { + var objValue = object[key]; + if (!(hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && eq(objValue, value)) || + (value === undefined && !(key in object))) { + baseAssignValue(object, key, value); + } +} + +module.exports = assignValue; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 18470: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var eq = __webpack_require__(77813); + +/** + * Gets the index at which the `key` is found in `array` of key-value pairs. + * + * @private + * @param {Array} array The array to inspect. + * @param {*} key The key to search for. + * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`. + */ +function assocIndexOf(array, key) { + var length = array.length; + while (length--) { + if (eq(array[length][0], key)) { + return length; + } + } + return -1; +} + +module.exports = assocIndexOf; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 89465: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var defineProperty = __webpack_require__(38777); + +/** + * The base implementation of `assignValue` and `assignMergeValue` without + * value checks. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} object The object to modify. + * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign. + * @param {*} value The value to assign. + */ +function baseAssignValue(object, key, value) { + if (key == '__proto__' && defineProperty) { + defineProperty(object, key, { + 'configurable': true, + 'enumerable': true, + 'value': value, + 'writable': true + }); + } else { + object[key] = value; + } +} + +module.exports = baseAssignValue; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 97786: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var castPath = __webpack_require__(71811), + toKey = __webpack_require__(40327); + +/** + * The base implementation of `_.get` without support for default values. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} object The object to query. + * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get. + * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value. + */ +function baseGet(object, path) { + path = castPath(path, object); + + var index = 0, + length = path.length; + + while (object != null && index < length) { + object = object[toKey(path[index++])]; + } + return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined; +} + +module.exports = baseGet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 44239: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var Symbol = __webpack_require__(62705), + getRawTag = __webpack_require__(89607), + objectToString = __webpack_require__(2333); + +/** `Object#toString` result references. */ +var nullTag = '[object Null]', + undefinedTag = '[object Undefined]'; + +/** Built-in value references. */ +var symToStringTag = Symbol ? Symbol.toStringTag : undefined; + +/** + * The base implementation of `getTag` without fallbacks for buggy environments. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to query. + * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`. + */ +function baseGetTag(value) { + if (value == null) { + return value === undefined ? undefinedTag : nullTag; + } + return (symToStringTag && symToStringTag in Object(value)) + ? getRawTag(value) + : objectToString(value); +} + +module.exports = baseGetTag; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 28458: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var isFunction = __webpack_require__(23560), + isMasked = __webpack_require__(15346), + isObject = __webpack_require__(13218), + toSource = __webpack_require__(80346); + +/** + * Used to match `RegExp` + * [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-patterns). + */ +var reRegExpChar = /[\\^$.*+?()[\]{}|]/g; + +/** Used to detect host constructors (Safari). */ +var reIsHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/; + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var funcProto = Function.prototype, + objectProto = Object.prototype; + +/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */ +var funcToString = funcProto.toString; + +/** Used to check objects for own properties. */ +var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty; + +/** Used to detect if a method is native. */ +var reIsNative = RegExp('^' + + funcToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(reRegExpChar, '\\$&') + .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$' +); + +/** + * The base implementation of `_.isNative` without bad shim checks. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function, + * else `false`. + */ +function baseIsNative(value) { + if (!isObject(value) || isMasked(value)) { + return false; + } + var pattern = isFunction(value) ? reIsNative : reIsHostCtor; + return pattern.test(toSource(value)); +} + +module.exports = baseIsNative; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 10611: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var assignValue = __webpack_require__(34865), + castPath = __webpack_require__(71811), + isIndex = __webpack_require__(65776), + isObject = __webpack_require__(13218), + toKey = __webpack_require__(40327); + +/** + * The base implementation of `_.set`. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} object The object to modify. + * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set. + * @param {*} value The value to set. + * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize path creation. + * @returns {Object} Returns `object`. + */ +function baseSet(object, path, value, customizer) { + if (!isObject(object)) { + return object; + } + path = castPath(path, object); + + var index = -1, + length = path.length, + lastIndex = length - 1, + nested = object; + + while (nested != null && ++index < length) { + var key = toKey(path[index]), + newValue = value; + + if (key === '__proto__' || key === 'constructor' || key === 'prototype') { + return object; + } + + if (index != lastIndex) { + var objValue = nested[key]; + newValue = customizer ? customizer(objValue, key, nested) : undefined; + if (newValue === undefined) { + newValue = isObject(objValue) + ? objValue + : (isIndex(path[index + 1]) ? [] : {}); + } + } + assignValue(nested, key, newValue); + nested = nested[key]; + } + return object; +} + +module.exports = baseSet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 80531: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var Symbol = __webpack_require__(62705), + arrayMap = __webpack_require__(29932), + isArray = __webpack_require__(1469), + isSymbol = __webpack_require__(33448); + +/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */ +var INFINITY = 1 / 0; + +/** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */ +var symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined, + symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined; + +/** + * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish + * values to empty strings. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to process. + * @returns {string} Returns the string. + */ +function baseToString(value) { + // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments. + if (typeof value == 'string') { + return value; + } + if (isArray(value)) { + // Recursively convert values (susceptible to call stack limits). + return arrayMap(value, baseToString) + ''; + } + if (isSymbol(value)) { + return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : ''; + } + var result = (value + ''); + return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result; +} + +module.exports = baseToString; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 27561: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var trimmedEndIndex = __webpack_require__(67990); + +/** Used to match leading whitespace. */ +var reTrimStart = /^\s+/; + +/** + * The base implementation of `_.trim`. + * + * @private + * @param {string} string The string to trim. + * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string. + */ +function baseTrim(string) { + return string + ? string.slice(0, trimmedEndIndex(string) + 1).replace(reTrimStart, '') + : string; +} + +module.exports = baseTrim; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 71811: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var isArray = __webpack_require__(1469), + isKey = __webpack_require__(15403), + stringToPath = __webpack_require__(55514), + toString = __webpack_require__(79833); + +/** + * Casts `value` to a path array if it's not one. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to inspect. + * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on. + * @returns {Array} Returns the cast property path array. + */ +function castPath(value, object) { + if (isArray(value)) { + return value; + } + return isKey(value, object) ? [value] : stringToPath(toString(value)); +} + +module.exports = castPath; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 278: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Copies the values of `source` to `array`. + * + * @private + * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from. + * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to. + * @returns {Array} Returns `array`. + */ +function copyArray(source, array) { + var index = -1, + length = source.length; + + array || (array = Array(length)); + while (++index < length) { + array[index] = source[index]; + } + return array; +} + +module.exports = copyArray; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 14429: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var root = __webpack_require__(55639); + +/** Used to detect overreaching core-js shims. */ +var coreJsData = root['__core-js_shared__']; + +module.exports = coreJsData; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 38777: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getNative = __webpack_require__(10852); + +var defineProperty = (function() { + try { + var func = getNative(Object, 'defineProperty'); + func({}, '', {}); + return func; + } catch (e) {} +}()); + +module.exports = defineProperty; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 31957: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */ +var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object === Object && global; + +module.exports = freeGlobal; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 45050: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var isKeyable = __webpack_require__(37019); + +/** + * Gets the data for `map`. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} map The map to query. + * @param {string} key The reference key. + * @returns {*} Returns the map data. + */ +function getMapData(map, key) { + var data = map.__data__; + return isKeyable(key) + ? data[typeof key == 'string' ? 'string' : 'hash'] + : data.map; +} + +module.exports = getMapData; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 10852: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseIsNative = __webpack_require__(28458), + getValue = __webpack_require__(47801); + +/** + * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} object The object to query. + * @param {string} key The key of the method to get. + * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`. + */ +function getNative(object, key) { + var value = getValue(object, key); + return baseIsNative(value) ? value : undefined; +} + +module.exports = getNative; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 89607: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var Symbol = __webpack_require__(62705); + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var objectProto = Object.prototype; + +/** Used to check objects for own properties. */ +var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty; + +/** + * Used to resolve the + * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring) + * of values. + */ +var nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString; + +/** Built-in value references. */ +var symToStringTag = Symbol ? Symbol.toStringTag : undefined; + +/** + * A specialized version of `baseGetTag` which ignores `Symbol.toStringTag` values. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to query. + * @returns {string} Returns the raw `toStringTag`. + */ +function getRawTag(value) { + var isOwn = hasOwnProperty.call(value, symToStringTag), + tag = value[symToStringTag]; + + try { + value[symToStringTag] = undefined; + var unmasked = true; + } catch (e) {} + + var result = nativeObjectToString.call(value); + if (unmasked) { + if (isOwn) { + value[symToStringTag] = tag; + } else { + delete value[symToStringTag]; + } + } + return result; +} + +module.exports = getRawTag; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 47801: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Gets the value at `key` of `object`. + * + * @private + * @param {Object} [object] The object to query. + * @param {string} key The key of the property to get. + * @returns {*} Returns the property value. + */ +function getValue(object, key) { + return object == null ? undefined : object[key]; +} + +module.exports = getValue; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 51789: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var nativeCreate = __webpack_require__(94536); + +/** + * Removes all key-value entries from the hash. + * + * @private + * @name clear + * @memberOf Hash + */ +function hashClear() { + this.__data__ = nativeCreate ? nativeCreate(null) : {}; + this.size = 0; +} + +module.exports = hashClear; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 80401: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Removes `key` and its value from the hash. + * + * @private + * @name delete + * @memberOf Hash + * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify. + * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`. + */ +function hashDelete(key) { + var result = this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key]; + this.size -= result ? 1 : 0; + return result; +} + +module.exports = hashDelete; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 57667: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var nativeCreate = __webpack_require__(94536); + +/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */ +var HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__'; + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var objectProto = Object.prototype; + +/** Used to check objects for own properties. */ +var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty; + +/** + * Gets the hash value for `key`. + * + * @private + * @name get + * @memberOf Hash + * @param {string} key The key of the value to get. + * @returns {*} Returns the entry value. + */ +function hashGet(key) { + var data = this.__data__; + if (nativeCreate) { + var result = data[key]; + return result === HASH_UNDEFINED ? undefined : result; + } + return hasOwnProperty.call(data, key) ? data[key] : undefined; +} + +module.exports = hashGet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 21327: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var nativeCreate = __webpack_require__(94536); + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var objectProto = Object.prototype; + +/** Used to check objects for own properties. */ +var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty; + +/** + * Checks if a hash value for `key` exists. + * + * @private + * @name has + * @memberOf Hash + * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`. + */ +function hashHas(key) { + var data = this.__data__; + return nativeCreate ? (data[key] !== undefined) : hasOwnProperty.call(data, key); +} + +module.exports = hashHas; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 81866: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var nativeCreate = __webpack_require__(94536); + +/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */ +var HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__'; + +/** + * Sets the hash `key` to `value`. + * + * @private + * @name set + * @memberOf Hash + * @param {string} key The key of the value to set. + * @param {*} value The value to set. + * @returns {Object} Returns the hash instance. + */ +function hashSet(key, value) { + var data = this.__data__; + this.size += this.has(key) ? 0 : 1; + data[key] = (nativeCreate && value === undefined) ? HASH_UNDEFINED : value; + return this; +} + +module.exports = hashSet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 65776: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */ +var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991; + +/** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */ +var reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/; + +/** + * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`. + */ +function isIndex(value, length) { + var type = typeof value; + length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length; + + return !!length && + (type == 'number' || + (type != 'symbol' && reIsUint.test(value))) && + (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length); +} + +module.exports = isIndex; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 15403: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var isArray = __webpack_require__(1469), + isSymbol = __webpack_require__(33448); + +/** Used to match property names within property paths. */ +var reIsDeepProp = /\.|\[(?:[^[\]]*|(["'])(?:(?!\1)[^\\]|\\.)*?\1)\]/, + reIsPlainProp = /^\w*$/; + +/** + * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`. + */ +function isKey(value, object) { + if (isArray(value)) { + return false; + } + var type = typeof value; + if (type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean' || + value == null || isSymbol(value)) { + return true; + } + return reIsPlainProp.test(value) || !reIsDeepProp.test(value) || + (object != null && value in Object(object)); +} + +module.exports = isKey; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 37019: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Checks if `value` is suitable for use as unique object key. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is suitable, else `false`. + */ +function isKeyable(value) { + var type = typeof value; + return (type == 'string' || type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean') + ? (value !== '__proto__') + : (value === null); +} + +module.exports = isKeyable; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 15346: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var coreJsData = __webpack_require__(14429); + +/** Used to detect methods masquerading as native. */ +var maskSrcKey = (function() { + var uid = /[^.]+$/.exec(coreJsData && coreJsData.keys && coreJsData.keys.IE_PROTO || ''); + return uid ? ('Symbol(src)_1.' + uid) : ''; +}()); + +/** + * Checks if `func` has its source masked. + * + * @private + * @param {Function} func The function to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` is masked, else `false`. + */ +function isMasked(func) { + return !!maskSrcKey && (maskSrcKey in func); +} + +module.exports = isMasked; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 27040: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Removes all key-value entries from the list cache. + * + * @private + * @name clear + * @memberOf ListCache + */ +function listCacheClear() { + this.__data__ = []; + this.size = 0; +} + +module.exports = listCacheClear; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 14125: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var assocIndexOf = __webpack_require__(18470); + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var arrayProto = Array.prototype; + +/** Built-in value references. */ +var splice = arrayProto.splice; + +/** + * Removes `key` and its value from the list cache. + * + * @private + * @name delete + * @memberOf ListCache + * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`. + */ +function listCacheDelete(key) { + var data = this.__data__, + index = assocIndexOf(data, key); + + if (index < 0) { + return false; + } + var lastIndex = data.length - 1; + if (index == lastIndex) { + data.pop(); + } else { + splice.call(data, index, 1); + } + --this.size; + return true; +} + +module.exports = listCacheDelete; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 82117: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var assocIndexOf = __webpack_require__(18470); + +/** + * Gets the list cache value for `key`. + * + * @private + * @name get + * @memberOf ListCache + * @param {string} key The key of the value to get. + * @returns {*} Returns the entry value. + */ +function listCacheGet(key) { + var data = this.__data__, + index = assocIndexOf(data, key); + + return index < 0 ? undefined : data[index][1]; +} + +module.exports = listCacheGet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 67518: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var assocIndexOf = __webpack_require__(18470); + +/** + * Checks if a list cache value for `key` exists. + * + * @private + * @name has + * @memberOf ListCache + * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`. + */ +function listCacheHas(key) { + return assocIndexOf(this.__data__, key) > -1; +} + +module.exports = listCacheHas; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 54705: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var assocIndexOf = __webpack_require__(18470); + +/** + * Sets the list cache `key` to `value`. + * + * @private + * @name set + * @memberOf ListCache + * @param {string} key The key of the value to set. + * @param {*} value The value to set. + * @returns {Object} Returns the list cache instance. + */ +function listCacheSet(key, value) { + var data = this.__data__, + index = assocIndexOf(data, key); + + if (index < 0) { + ++this.size; + data.push([key, value]); + } else { + data[index][1] = value; + } + return this; +} + +module.exports = listCacheSet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 24785: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var Hash = __webpack_require__(1989), + ListCache = __webpack_require__(38407), + Map = __webpack_require__(57071); + +/** + * Removes all key-value entries from the map. + * + * @private + * @name clear + * @memberOf MapCache + */ +function mapCacheClear() { + this.size = 0; + this.__data__ = { + 'hash': new Hash, + 'map': new (Map || ListCache), + 'string': new Hash + }; +} + +module.exports = mapCacheClear; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 11285: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getMapData = __webpack_require__(45050); + +/** + * Removes `key` and its value from the map. + * + * @private + * @name delete + * @memberOf MapCache + * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`. + */ +function mapCacheDelete(key) { + var result = getMapData(this, key)['delete'](key); + this.size -= result ? 1 : 0; + return result; +} + +module.exports = mapCacheDelete; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 96000: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getMapData = __webpack_require__(45050); + +/** + * Gets the map value for `key`. + * + * @private + * @name get + * @memberOf MapCache + * @param {string} key The key of the value to get. + * @returns {*} Returns the entry value. + */ +function mapCacheGet(key) { + return getMapData(this, key).get(key); +} + +module.exports = mapCacheGet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 49916: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getMapData = __webpack_require__(45050); + +/** + * Checks if a map value for `key` exists. + * + * @private + * @name has + * @memberOf MapCache + * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`. + */ +function mapCacheHas(key) { + return getMapData(this, key).has(key); +} + +module.exports = mapCacheHas; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 95265: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getMapData = __webpack_require__(45050); + +/** + * Sets the map `key` to `value`. + * + * @private + * @name set + * @memberOf MapCache + * @param {string} key The key of the value to set. + * @param {*} value The value to set. + * @returns {Object} Returns the map cache instance. + */ +function mapCacheSet(key, value) { + var data = getMapData(this, key), + size = data.size; + + data.set(key, value); + this.size += data.size == size ? 0 : 1; + return this; +} + +module.exports = mapCacheSet; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 24523: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var memoize = __webpack_require__(88306); + +/** Used as the maximum memoize cache size. */ +var MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE = 500; + +/** + * A specialized version of `_.memoize` which clears the memoized function's + * cache when it exceeds `MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE`. + * + * @private + * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized. + * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function. + */ +function memoizeCapped(func) { + var result = memoize(func, function(key) { + if (cache.size === MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE) { + cache.clear(); + } + return key; + }); + + var cache = result.cache; + return result; +} + +module.exports = memoizeCapped; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 94536: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var getNative = __webpack_require__(10852); + +/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */ +var nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create'); + +module.exports = nativeCreate; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 2333: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var objectProto = Object.prototype; + +/** + * Used to resolve the + * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring) + * of values. + */ +var nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString; + +/** + * Converts `value` to a string using `Object.prototype.toString`. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to convert. + * @returns {string} Returns the converted string. + */ +function objectToString(value) { + return nativeObjectToString.call(value); +} + +module.exports = objectToString; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 55639: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var freeGlobal = __webpack_require__(31957); + +/** Detect free variable `self`. */ +var freeSelf = typeof self == 'object' && self && self.Object === Object && self; + +/** Used as a reference to the global object. */ +var root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || Function('return this')(); + +module.exports = root; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 55514: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var memoizeCapped = __webpack_require__(24523); + +/** Used to match property names within property paths. */ +var rePropName = /[^.[\]]+|\[(?:(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)|(["'])((?:(?!\2)[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\]|(?=(?:\.|\[\])(?:\.|\[\]|$))/g; + +/** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */ +var reEscapeChar = /\\(\\)?/g; + +/** + * Converts `string` to a property path array. + * + * @private + * @param {string} string The string to convert. + * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array. + */ +var stringToPath = memoizeCapped(function(string) { + var result = []; + if (string.charCodeAt(0) === 46 /* . */) { + result.push(''); + } + string.replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, subString) { + result.push(quote ? subString.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match)); + }); + return result; +}); + +module.exports = stringToPath; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 40327: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var isSymbol = __webpack_require__(33448); + +/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */ +var INFINITY = 1 / 0; + +/** + * Converts `value` to a string key if it's not a string or symbol. + * + * @private + * @param {*} value The value to inspect. + * @returns {string|symbol} Returns the key. + */ +function toKey(value) { + if (typeof value == 'string' || isSymbol(value)) { + return value; + } + var result = (value + ''); + return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result; +} + +module.exports = toKey; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 80346: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** Used for built-in method references. */ +var funcProto = Function.prototype; + +/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */ +var funcToString = funcProto.toString; + +/** + * Converts `func` to its source code. + * + * @private + * @param {Function} func The function to convert. + * @returns {string} Returns the source code. + */ +function toSource(func) { + if (func != null) { + try { + return funcToString.call(func); + } catch (e) {} + try { + return (func + ''); + } catch (e) {} + } + return ''; +} + +module.exports = toSource; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 67990: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** Used to match a single whitespace character. */ +var reWhitespace = /\s/; + +/** + * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last non-whitespace + * character of `string`. + * + * @private + * @param {string} string The string to inspect. + * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character. + */ +function trimmedEndIndex(string) { + var index = string.length; + + while (index-- && reWhitespace.test(string.charAt(index))) {} + return index; +} + +module.exports = trimmedEndIndex; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 23279: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var isObject = __webpack_require__(13218), + now = __webpack_require__(7771), + toNumber = __webpack_require__(14841); + +/** Error message constants. */ +var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function'; + +/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */ +var nativeMax = Math.max, + nativeMin = Math.min; + +/** + * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait` + * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was + * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel + * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them. + * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the + * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked + * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent + * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func` + * invocation. + * + * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is + * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function + * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout. + * + * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred + * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`. + * + * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/) + * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 0.1.0 + * @category Function + * @param {Function} func The function to debounce. + * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay. + * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object. + * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] + * Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout. + * @param {number} [options.maxWait] + * The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked. + * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] + * Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout. + * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function. + * @example + * + * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux. + * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150)); + * + * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls. + * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, { + * 'leading': true, + * 'trailing': false + * })); + * + * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls. + * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 }); + * var source = new EventSource('/stream'); + * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced); + * + * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation. + * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel); + */ +function debounce(func, wait, options) { + var lastArgs, + lastThis, + maxWait, + result, + timerId, + lastCallTime, + lastInvokeTime = 0, + leading = false, + maxing = false, + trailing = true; + + if (typeof func != 'function') { + throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT); + } + wait = toNumber(wait) || 0; + if (isObject(options)) { + leading = !!options.leading; + maxing = 'maxWait' in options; + maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait; + trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing; + } + + function invokeFunc(time) { + var args = lastArgs, + thisArg = lastThis; + + lastArgs = lastThis = undefined; + lastInvokeTime = time; + result = func.apply(thisArg, args); + return result; + } + + function leadingEdge(time) { + // Reset any `maxWait` timer. + lastInvokeTime = time; + // Start the timer for the trailing edge. + timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait); + // Invoke the leading edge. + return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result; + } + + function remainingWait(time) { + var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime, + timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime, + timeWaiting = wait - timeSinceLastCall; + + return maxing + ? nativeMin(timeWaiting, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke) + : timeWaiting; + } + + function shouldInvoke(time) { + var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime, + timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime; + + // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the + // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating + // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit. + return (lastCallTime === undefined || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) || + (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait)); + } + + function timerExpired() { + var time = now(); + if (shouldInvoke(time)) { + return trailingEdge(time); + } + // Restart the timer. + timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time)); + } + + function trailingEdge(time) { + timerId = undefined; + + // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been + // debounced at least once. + if (trailing && lastArgs) { + return invokeFunc(time); + } + lastArgs = lastThis = undefined; + return result; + } + + function cancel() { + if (timerId !== undefined) { + clearTimeout(timerId); + } + lastInvokeTime = 0; + lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined; + } + + function flush() { + return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now()); + } + + function debounced() { + var time = now(), + isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time); + + lastArgs = arguments; + lastThis = this; + lastCallTime = time; + + if (isInvoking) { + if (timerId === undefined) { + return leadingEdge(lastCallTime); + } + if (maxing) { + // Handle invocations in a tight loop. + clearTimeout(timerId); + timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait); + return invokeFunc(lastCallTime); + } + } + if (timerId === undefined) { + timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait); + } + return result; + } + debounced.cancel = cancel; + debounced.flush = flush; + return debounced; +} + +module.exports = debounce; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 77813: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Performs a + * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-samevaluezero) + * comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 4.0.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to compare. + * @param {*} other The other value to compare. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`. + * @example + * + * var object = { 'a': 1 }; + * var other = { 'a': 1 }; + * + * _.eq(object, object); + * // => true + * + * _.eq(object, other); + * // => false + * + * _.eq('a', 'a'); + * // => true + * + * _.eq('a', Object('a')); + * // => false + * + * _.eq(NaN, NaN); + * // => true + */ +function eq(value, other) { + return value === other || (value !== value && other !== other); +} + +module.exports = eq; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 27361: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseGet = __webpack_require__(97786); + +/** + * Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is + * `undefined`, the `defaultValue` is returned in its place. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 3.7.0 + * @category Object + * @param {Object} object The object to query. + * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get. + * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned for `undefined` resolved values. + * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value. + * @example + * + * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] }; + * + * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c'); + * // => 3 + * + * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']); + * // => 3 + * + * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default'); + * // => 'default' + */ +function get(object, path, defaultValue) { + var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path); + return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result; +} + +module.exports = get; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 1469: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 0.1.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`. + * @example + * + * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]); + * // => true + * + * _.isArray(document.body.children); + * // => false + * + * _.isArray('abc'); + * // => false + * + * _.isArray(_.noop); + * // => false + */ +var isArray = Array.isArray; + +module.exports = isArray; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 23560: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseGetTag = __webpack_require__(44239), + isObject = __webpack_require__(13218); + +/** `Object#toString` result references. */ +var asyncTag = '[object AsyncFunction]', + funcTag = '[object Function]', + genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]', + proxyTag = '[object Proxy]'; + +/** + * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 0.1.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a function, else `false`. + * @example + * + * _.isFunction(_); + * // => true + * + * _.isFunction(/abc/); + * // => false + */ +function isFunction(value) { + if (!isObject(value)) { + return false; + } + // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator + // in Safari 9 which returns 'object' for typed arrays and other constructors. + var tag = baseGetTag(value); + return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag || tag == asyncTag || tag == proxyTag; +} + +module.exports = isFunction; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 13218: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Checks if `value` is the + * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types) + * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`) + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 0.1.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`. + * @example + * + * _.isObject({}); + * // => true + * + * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]); + * // => true + * + * _.isObject(_.noop); + * // => true + * + * _.isObject(null); + * // => false + */ +function isObject(value) { + var type = typeof value; + return value != null && (type == 'object' || type == 'function'); +} + +module.exports = isObject; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 37005: +/***/ ((module) => { + +/** + * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null` + * and has a `typeof` result of "object". + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 4.0.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`. + * @example + * + * _.isObjectLike({}); + * // => true + * + * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]); + * // => true + * + * _.isObjectLike(_.noop); + * // => false + * + * _.isObjectLike(null); + * // => false + */ +function isObjectLike(value) { + return value != null && typeof value == 'object'; +} + +module.exports = isObjectLike; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 33448: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseGetTag = __webpack_require__(44239), + isObjectLike = __webpack_require__(37005); + +/** `Object#toString` result references. */ +var symbolTag = '[object Symbol]'; + +/** + * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 4.0.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to check. + * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`. + * @example + * + * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator); + * // => true + * + * _.isSymbol('abc'); + * // => false + */ +function isSymbol(value) { + return typeof value == 'symbol' || + (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == symbolTag); +} + +module.exports = isSymbol; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 88306: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var MapCache = __webpack_require__(83369); + +/** Error message constants. */ +var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function'; + +/** + * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is + * provided, it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the + * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument + * provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The `func` + * is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized function. + * + * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized + * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache` + * constructor with one whose instances implement the + * [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object) + * method interface of `clear`, `delete`, `get`, `has`, and `set`. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 0.1.0 + * @category Function + * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized. + * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key. + * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function. + * @example + * + * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }; + * var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 }; + * + * var values = _.memoize(_.values); + * values(object); + * // => [1, 2] + * + * values(other); + * // => [3, 4] + * + * object.a = 2; + * values(object); + * // => [1, 2] + * + * // Modify the result cache. + * values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']); + * values(object); + * // => ['a', 'b'] + * + * // Replace `_.memoize.Cache`. + * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap; + */ +function memoize(func, resolver) { + if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver != null && typeof resolver != 'function')) { + throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT); + } + var memoized = function() { + var args = arguments, + key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0], + cache = memoized.cache; + + if (cache.has(key)) { + return cache.get(key); + } + var result = func.apply(this, args); + memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result) || cache; + return result; + }; + memoized.cache = new (memoize.Cache || MapCache); + return memoized; +} + +// Expose `MapCache`. +memoize.Cache = MapCache; + +module.exports = memoize; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 7771: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var root = __webpack_require__(55639); + +/** + * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since + * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC). + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 2.4.0 + * @category Date + * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp. + * @example + * + * _.defer(function(stamp) { + * console.log(_.now() - stamp); + * }, _.now()); + * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred invocation. + */ +var now = function() { + return root.Date.now(); +}; + +module.exports = now; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 36968: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseSet = __webpack_require__(10611); + +/** + * Sets the value at `path` of `object`. If a portion of `path` doesn't exist, + * it's created. Arrays are created for missing index properties while objects + * are created for all other missing properties. Use `_.setWith` to customize + * `path` creation. + * + * **Note:** This method mutates `object`. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 3.7.0 + * @category Object + * @param {Object} object The object to modify. + * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to set. + * @param {*} value The value to set. + * @returns {Object} Returns `object`. + * @example + * + * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] }; + * + * _.set(object, 'a[0].b.c', 4); + * console.log(object.a[0].b.c); + * // => 4 + * + * _.set(object, ['x', '0', 'y', 'z'], 5); + * console.log(object.x[0].y.z); + * // => 5 + */ +function set(object, path, value) { + return object == null ? object : baseSet(object, path, value); +} + +module.exports = set; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 14841: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseTrim = __webpack_require__(27561), + isObject = __webpack_require__(13218), + isSymbol = __webpack_require__(33448); + +/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */ +var NAN = 0 / 0; + +/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */ +var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i; + +/** Used to detect binary string values. */ +var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i; + +/** Used to detect octal string values. */ +var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i; + +/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */ +var freeParseInt = parseInt; + +/** + * Converts `value` to a number. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 4.0.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to process. + * @returns {number} Returns the number. + * @example + * + * _.toNumber(3.2); + * // => 3.2 + * + * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE); + * // => 5e-324 + * + * _.toNumber(Infinity); + * // => Infinity + * + * _.toNumber('3.2'); + * // => 3.2 + */ +function toNumber(value) { + if (typeof value == 'number') { + return value; + } + if (isSymbol(value)) { + return NAN; + } + if (isObject(value)) { + var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value; + value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other; + } + if (typeof value != 'string') { + return value === 0 ? value : +value; + } + value = baseTrim(value); + var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value); + return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value)) + ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8) + : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value); +} + +module.exports = toNumber; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 30084: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var arrayMap = __webpack_require__(29932), + copyArray = __webpack_require__(278), + isArray = __webpack_require__(1469), + isSymbol = __webpack_require__(33448), + stringToPath = __webpack_require__(55514), + toKey = __webpack_require__(40327), + toString = __webpack_require__(79833); + +/** + * Converts `value` to a property path array. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 4.0.0 + * @category Util + * @param {*} value The value to convert. + * @returns {Array} Returns the new property path array. + * @example + * + * _.toPath('a.b.c'); + * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] + * + * _.toPath('a[0].b.c'); + * // => ['a', '0', 'b', 'c'] + */ +function toPath(value) { + if (isArray(value)) { + return arrayMap(value, toKey); + } + return isSymbol(value) ? [value] : copyArray(stringToPath(toString(value))); +} + +module.exports = toPath; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 79833: +/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => { + +var baseToString = __webpack_require__(80531); + +/** + * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null` + * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved. + * + * @static + * @memberOf _ + * @since 4.0.0 + * @category Lang + * @param {*} value The value to convert. + * @returns {string} Returns the converted string. + * @example + * + * _.toString(null); + * // => '' + * + * _.toString(-0); + * // => '-0' + * + * _.toString([1, 2, 3]); + * // => '1,2,3' + */ +function toString(value) { + return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value); +} + +module.exports = toString; + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 12366: +/***/ ((__unused_webpack_module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => { + +"use strict"; +__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__); +/* harmony export */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, { +/* harmony export */ "diagram": () => (/* binding */ diagram) +/* harmony export */ }); +/* harmony import */ var _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__ = __webpack_require__(99794); +/* harmony import */ var d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(59373); +/* harmony import */ var cytoscape__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(59058); +/* harmony import */ var cytoscape__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(cytoscape__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__); +/* harmony import */ var cytoscape_cose_bilkent__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__ = __webpack_require__(14607); +/* harmony import */ var cytoscape_cose_bilkent__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(cytoscape_cose_bilkent__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__); +/* harmony import */ var khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_11__ = __webpack_require__(91619); +/* harmony import */ var khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_12__ = __webpack_require__(12281); +/* harmony import */ var khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_13__ = __webpack_require__(7201); +/* harmony import */ var moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__ = __webpack_require__(30381); +/* harmony import */ var moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__); +/* harmony import */ var _braintree_sanitize_url__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__ = __webpack_require__(17967); +/* harmony import */ var dompurify__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__ = __webpack_require__(20683); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_dagre_index_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__ = __webpack_require__(70277); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_graphlib_index_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_7__ = __webpack_require__(45625); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_graphlib_json_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__ = __webpack_require__(39354); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__ = __webpack_require__(91518); + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +var parser = function() { + var o = function(k, v, o2, l) { + for (o2 = o2 || {}, l = k.length; l--; o2[k[l]] = v) + ; + return o2; + }, $V0 = [1, 4], $V1 = [1, 13], $V2 = [1, 12], $V3 = [1, 15], $V4 = [1, 16], $V5 = [1, 20], $V6 = [1, 19], $V7 = [6, 7, 8], $V8 = [1, 26], $V9 = [1, 24], $Va = [1, 25], $Vb = [6, 7, 11], $Vc = [1, 6, 13, 15, 16, 19, 22], $Vd = [1, 33], $Ve = [1, 34], $Vf = [1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 22]; + var parser2 = { + trace: function trace() { + }, + yy: {}, + symbols_: { "error": 2, "start": 3, "mindMap": 4, "spaceLines": 5, "SPACELINE": 6, "NL": 7, "MINDMAP": 8, "document": 9, "stop": 10, "EOF": 11, "statement": 12, "SPACELIST": 13, "node": 14, "ICON": 15, "CLASS": 16, "nodeWithId": 17, "nodeWithoutId": 18, "NODE_DSTART": 19, "NODE_DESCR": 20, "NODE_DEND": 21, "NODE_ID": 22, "$accept": 0, "$end": 1 }, + terminals_: { 2: "error", 6: "SPACELINE", 7: "NL", 8: "MINDMAP", 11: "EOF", 13: "SPACELIST", 15: "ICON", 16: "CLASS", 19: "NODE_DSTART", 20: "NODE_DESCR", 21: "NODE_DEND", 22: "NODE_ID" }, + productions_: [0, [3, 1], [3, 2], [5, 1], [5, 2], [5, 2], [4, 2], [4, 3], [10, 1], [10, 1], [10, 1], [10, 2], [10, 2], [9, 3], [9, 2], [12, 2], [12, 2], [12, 2], [12, 1], [12, 1], [12, 1], [12, 1], [12, 1], [14, 1], [14, 1], [18, 3], [17, 1], [17, 4]], + performAction: function anonymous(yytext, yyleng, yylineno, yy, yystate, $$, _$) { + var $0 = $$.length - 1; + switch (yystate) { + case 6: + case 7: + return yy; + case 8: + yy.getLogger().trace("Stop NL "); + break; + case 9: + yy.getLogger().trace("Stop EOF "); + break; + case 11: + yy.getLogger().trace("Stop NL2 "); + break; + case 12: + yy.getLogger().trace("Stop EOF2 "); + break; + case 15: + yy.getLogger().info("Node: ", $$[$0].id); + yy.addNode($$[$0 - 1].length, $$[$0].id, $$[$0].descr, $$[$0].type); + break; + case 16: + yy.getLogger().trace("Icon: ", $$[$0]); + yy.decorateNode({ icon: $$[$0] }); + break; + case 17: + case 21: + yy.decorateNode({ class: $$[$0] }); + break; + case 18: + yy.getLogger().trace("SPACELIST"); + break; + case 19: + yy.getLogger().trace("Node: ", $$[$0].id); + yy.addNode(0, $$[$0].id, $$[$0].descr, $$[$0].type); + break; + case 20: + yy.decorateNode({ icon: $$[$0] }); + break; + case 25: + yy.getLogger().trace("node found ..", $$[$0 - 2]); + this.$ = { id: $$[$0 - 1], descr: $$[$0 - 1], type: yy.getType($$[$0 - 2], $$[$0]) }; + break; + case 26: + this.$ = { id: $$[$0], descr: $$[$0], type: yy.nodeType.DEFAULT }; + break; + case 27: + yy.getLogger().trace("node found ..", $$[$0 - 3]); + this.$ = { id: $$[$0 - 3], descr: $$[$0 - 1], type: yy.getType($$[$0 - 2], $$[$0]) }; + break; + } + }, + table: [{ 3: 1, 4: 2, 5: 3, 6: [1, 5], 8: $V0 }, { 1: [3] }, { 1: [2, 1] }, { 4: 6, 6: [1, 7], 7: [1, 8], 8: $V0 }, { 6: $V1, 7: [1, 10], 9: 9, 12: 11, 13: $V2, 14: 14, 15: $V3, 16: $V4, 17: 17, 18: 18, 19: $V5, 22: $V6 }, o($V7, [2, 3]), { 1: [2, 2] }, o($V7, [2, 4]), o($V7, [2, 5]), { 1: [2, 6], 6: $V1, 12: 21, 13: $V2, 14: 14, 15: $V3, 16: $V4, 17: 17, 18: 18, 19: $V5, 22: $V6 }, { 6: $V1, 9: 22, 12: 11, 13: $V2, 14: 14, 15: $V3, 16: $V4, 17: 17, 18: 18, 19: $V5, 22: $V6 }, { 6: $V8, 7: $V9, 10: 23, 11: $Va }, o($Vb, [2, 22], { 17: 17, 18: 18, 14: 27, 15: [1, 28], 16: [1, 29], 19: $V5, 22: $V6 }), o($Vb, [2, 18]), o($Vb, [2, 19]), o($Vb, [2, 20]), o($Vb, [2, 21]), o($Vb, [2, 23]), o($Vb, [2, 24]), o($Vb, [2, 26], { 19: [1, 30] }), { 20: [1, 31] }, { 6: $V8, 7: $V9, 10: 32, 11: $Va }, { 1: [2, 7], 6: $V1, 12: 21, 13: $V2, 14: 14, 15: $V3, 16: $V4, 17: 17, 18: 18, 19: $V5, 22: $V6 }, o($Vc, [2, 14], { 7: $Vd, 11: $Ve }), o($Vf, [2, 8]), o($Vf, [2, 9]), o($Vf, [2, 10]), o($Vb, [2, 15]), o($Vb, [2, 16]), o($Vb, [2, 17]), { 20: [1, 35] }, { 21: [1, 36] }, o($Vc, [2, 13], { 7: $Vd, 11: $Ve }), o($Vf, [2, 11]), o($Vf, [2, 12]), { 21: [1, 37] }, o($Vb, [2, 25]), o($Vb, [2, 27])], + defaultActions: { 2: [2, 1], 6: [2, 2] }, + parseError: function parseError2(str, hash) { + if (hash.recoverable) { + this.trace(str); + } else { + var error = new Error(str); + error.hash = hash; + throw error; + } + }, + parse: function parse(input) { + var self = this, stack = [0], tstack = [], vstack = [null], lstack = [], table = this.table, yytext = "", yylineno = 0, yyleng = 0, TERROR = 2, EOF = 1; + var args = lstack.slice.call(arguments, 1); + var lexer2 = Object.create(this.lexer); + var sharedState = { yy: {} }; + for (var k in this.yy) { + if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy, k)) { + sharedState.yy[k] = this.yy[k]; + } + } + lexer2.setInput(input, sharedState.yy); + sharedState.yy.lexer = lexer2; + sharedState.yy.parser = this; + if (typeof lexer2.yylloc == "undefined") { + lexer2.yylloc = {}; + } + var yyloc = lexer2.yylloc; + lstack.push(yyloc); + var ranges = lexer2.options && lexer2.options.ranges; + if (typeof sharedState.yy.parseError === "function") { + this.parseError = sharedState.yy.parseError; + } else { + this.parseError = Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError; + } + function lex() { + var token; + token = tstack.pop() || lexer2.lex() || EOF; + if (typeof token !== "number") { + if (token instanceof Array) { + tstack = token; + token = tstack.pop(); + } + token = self.symbols_[token] || token; + } + return token; + } + var symbol, state, action, r, yyval = {}, p, len, newState, expected; + while (true) { + state = stack[stack.length - 1]; + if (this.defaultActions[state]) { + action = this.defaultActions[state]; + } else { + if (symbol === null || typeof symbol == "undefined") { + symbol = lex(); + } + action = table[state] && table[state][symbol]; + } + if (typeof action === "undefined" || !action.length || !action[0]) { + var errStr = ""; + expected = []; + for (p in table[state]) { + if (this.terminals_[p] && p > TERROR) { + expected.push("'" + this.terminals_[p] + "'"); + } + } + if (lexer2.showPosition) { + errStr = "Parse error on line " + (yylineno + 1) + ":\n" + lexer2.showPosition() + "\nExpecting " + expected.join(", ") + ", got '" + (this.terminals_[symbol] || symbol) + "'"; + } else { + errStr = "Parse error on line " + (yylineno + 1) + ": Unexpected " + (symbol == EOF ? "end of input" : "'" + (this.terminals_[symbol] || symbol) + "'"); + } + this.parseError(errStr, { + text: lexer2.match, + token: this.terminals_[symbol] || symbol, + line: lexer2.yylineno, + loc: yyloc, + expected + }); + } + if (action[0] instanceof Array && action.length > 1) { + throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: " + state + ", token: " + symbol); + } + switch (action[0]) { + case 1: + stack.push(symbol); + vstack.push(lexer2.yytext); + lstack.push(lexer2.yylloc); + stack.push(action[1]); + symbol = null; + { + yyleng = lexer2.yyleng; + yytext = lexer2.yytext; + yylineno = lexer2.yylineno; + yyloc = lexer2.yylloc; + } + break; + case 2: + len = this.productions_[action[1]][1]; + yyval.$ = vstack[vstack.length - len]; + yyval._$ = { + first_line: lstack[lstack.length - (len || 1)].first_line, + last_line: lstack[lstack.length - 1].last_line, + first_column: lstack[lstack.length - (len || 1)].first_column, + last_column: lstack[lstack.length - 1].last_column + }; + if (ranges) { + yyval._$.range = [ + lstack[lstack.length - (len || 1)].range[0], + lstack[lstack.length - 1].range[1] + ]; + } + r = this.performAction.apply(yyval, [ + yytext, + yyleng, + yylineno, + sharedState.yy, + action[1], + vstack, + lstack + ].concat(args)); + if (typeof r !== "undefined") { + return r; + } + if (len) { + stack = stack.slice(0, -1 * len * 2); + vstack = vstack.slice(0, -1 * len); + lstack = lstack.slice(0, -1 * len); + } + stack.push(this.productions_[action[1]][0]); + vstack.push(yyval.$); + lstack.push(yyval._$); + newState = table[stack[stack.length - 2]][stack[stack.length - 1]]; + stack.push(newState); + break; + case 3: + return true; + } + } + return true; + } + }; + var lexer = function() { + var lexer2 = { + EOF: 1, + parseError: function parseError2(str, hash) { + if (this.yy.parser) { + this.yy.parser.parseError(str, hash); + } else { + throw new Error(str); + } + }, + setInput: function(input, yy) { + this.yy = yy || this.yy || {}; + this._input = input; + this._more = this._backtrack = this.done = false; + this.yylineno = this.yyleng = 0; + this.yytext = this.matched = this.match = ""; + this.conditionStack = ["INITIAL"]; + this.yylloc = { + first_line: 1, + first_column: 0, + last_line: 1, + last_column: 0 + }; + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range = [0, 0]; + } + this.offset = 0; + return this; + }, + input: function() { + var ch = this._input[0]; + this.yytext += ch; + this.yyleng++; + this.offset++; + this.match += ch; + this.matched += ch; + var lines = ch.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g); + if (lines) { + this.yylineno++; + this.yylloc.last_line++; + } else { + this.yylloc.last_column++; + } + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range[1]++; + } + this._input = this._input.slice(1); + return ch; + }, + unput: function(ch) { + var len = ch.length; + var lines = ch.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g); + this._input = ch + this._input; + this.yytext = this.yytext.substr(0, this.yytext.length - len); + this.offset -= len; + var oldLines = this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g); + this.match = this.match.substr(0, this.match.length - 1); + this.matched = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - 1); + if (lines.length - 1) { + this.yylineno -= lines.length - 1; + } + var r = this.yylloc.range; + this.yylloc = { + first_line: this.yylloc.first_line, + last_line: this.yylineno + 1, + first_column: this.yylloc.first_column, + last_column: lines ? (lines.length === oldLines.length ? this.yylloc.first_column : 0) + oldLines[oldLines.length - lines.length].length - lines[0].length : this.yylloc.first_column - len + }; + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range = [r[0], r[0] + this.yyleng - len]; + } + this.yyleng = this.yytext.length; + return this; + }, + more: function() { + this._more = true; + return this; + }, + reject: function() { + if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) { + this._backtrack = true; + } else { + return this.parseError("Lexical error on line " + (this.yylineno + 1) + ". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n" + this.showPosition(), { + text: "", + token: null, + line: this.yylineno + }); + } + return this; + }, + less: function(n) { + this.unput(this.match.slice(n)); + }, + pastInput: function() { + var past = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - this.match.length); + return (past.length > 20 ? "..." : "") + past.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g, ""); + }, + upcomingInput: function() { + var next = this.match; + if (next.length < 20) { + next += this._input.substr(0, 20 - next.length); + } + return (next.substr(0, 20) + (next.length > 20 ? "..." : "")).replace(/\n/g, ""); + }, + showPosition: function() { + var pre = this.pastInput(); + var c = new Array(pre.length + 1).join("-"); + return pre + this.upcomingInput() + "\n" + c + "^"; + }, + test_match: function(match, indexed_rule) { + var token, lines, backup; + if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) { + backup = { + yylineno: this.yylineno, + yylloc: { + first_line: this.yylloc.first_line, + last_line: this.last_line, + first_column: this.yylloc.first_column, + last_column: this.yylloc.last_column + }, + yytext: this.yytext, + match: this.match, + matches: this.matches, + matched: this.matched, + yyleng: this.yyleng, + offset: this.offset, + _more: this._more, + _input: this._input, + yy: this.yy, + conditionStack: this.conditionStack.slice(0), + done: this.done + }; + if (this.options.ranges) { + backup.yylloc.range = this.yylloc.range.slice(0); + } + } + lines = match[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g); + if (lines) { + this.yylineno += lines.length; + } + this.yylloc = { + first_line: this.yylloc.last_line, + last_line: this.yylineno + 1, + first_column: this.yylloc.last_column, + last_column: lines ? lines[lines.length - 1].length - lines[lines.length - 1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length : this.yylloc.last_column + match[0].length + }; + this.yytext += match[0]; + this.match += match[0]; + this.matches = match; + this.yyleng = this.yytext.length; + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range = [this.offset, this.offset += this.yyleng]; + } + this._more = false; + this._backtrack = false; + this._input = this._input.slice(match[0].length); + this.matched += match[0]; + token = this.performAction.call(this, this.yy, this, indexed_rule, this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]); + if (this.done && this._input) { + this.done = false; + } + if (token) { + return token; + } else if (this._backtrack) { + for (var k in backup) { + this[k] = backup[k]; + } + return false; + } + return false; + }, + next: function() { + if (this.done) { + return this.EOF; + } + if (!this._input) { + this.done = true; + } + var token, match, tempMatch, index; + if (!this._more) { + this.yytext = ""; + this.match = ""; + } + var rules = this._currentRules(); + for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) { + tempMatch = this._input.match(this.rules[rules[i]]); + if (tempMatch && (!match || tempMatch[0].length > match[0].length)) { + match = tempMatch; + index = i; + if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) { + token = this.test_match(tempMatch, rules[i]); + if (token !== false) { + return token; + } else if (this._backtrack) { + match = false; + continue; + } else { + return false; + } + } else if (!this.options.flex) { + break; + } + } + } + if (match) { + token = this.test_match(match, rules[index]); + if (token !== false) { + return token; + } + return false; + } + if (this._input === "") { + return this.EOF; + } else { + return this.parseError("Lexical error on line " + (this.yylineno + 1) + ". Unrecognized text.\n" + this.showPosition(), { + text: "", + token: null, + line: this.yylineno + }); + } + }, + lex: function lex() { + var r = this.next(); + if (r) { + return r; + } else { + return this.lex(); + } + }, + begin: function begin(condition) { + this.conditionStack.push(condition); + }, + popState: function popState() { + var n = this.conditionStack.length - 1; + if (n > 0) { + return this.conditionStack.pop(); + } else { + return this.conditionStack[0]; + } + }, + _currentRules: function _currentRules() { + if (this.conditionStack.length && this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]) { + return this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]].rules; + } else { + return this.conditions["INITIAL"].rules; + } + }, + topState: function topState(n) { + n = this.conditionStack.length - 1 - Math.abs(n || 0); + if (n >= 0) { + return this.conditionStack[n]; + } else { + return "INITIAL"; + } + }, + pushState: function pushState(condition) { + this.begin(condition); + }, + stateStackSize: function stateStackSize() { + return this.conditionStack.length; + }, + options: { "case-insensitive": true }, + performAction: function anonymous(yy, yy_, $avoiding_name_collisions, YY_START) { + switch ($avoiding_name_collisions) { + case 0: + yy.getLogger().trace("Found comment", yy_.yytext); + break; + case 1: + return 8; + case 2: + this.begin("CLASS"); + break; + case 3: + this.popState(); + return 16; + case 4: + this.popState(); + break; + case 5: + yy.getLogger().trace("Begin icon"); + this.begin("ICON"); + break; + case 6: + yy.getLogger().trace("SPACELINE"); + return 6; + case 7: + return 7; + case 8: + return 15; + case 9: + yy.getLogger().trace("end icon"); + this.popState(); + break; + case 10: + yy.getLogger().trace("Exploding node"); + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 11: + yy.getLogger().trace("Cloud"); + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 12: + yy.getLogger().trace("Explosion Bang"); + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 13: + yy.getLogger().trace("Cloud Bang"); + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 14: + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 15: + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 16: + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 17: + this.begin("NODE"); + return 19; + case 18: + return 13; + case 19: + return 22; + case 20: + return 11; + case 21: + yy.getLogger().trace("Starting NSTR"); + this.begin("NSTR"); + break; + case 22: + yy.getLogger().trace("description:", yy_.yytext); + return "NODE_DESCR"; + case 23: + this.popState(); + break; + case 24: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end ))"); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 25: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end )"); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 26: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end ...", yy_.yytext); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 27: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end (("); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 28: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end (-"); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 29: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end (-"); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 30: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end (("); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 31: + this.popState(); + yy.getLogger().trace("node end (("); + return "NODE_DEND"; + case 32: + yy.getLogger().trace("Long description:", yy_.yytext); + return 20; + case 33: + yy.getLogger().trace("Long description:", yy_.yytext); + return 20; + } + }, + rules: [/^(?:\s*%%.*)/i, /^(?:mindmap\b)/i, /^(?::::)/i, /^(?:.+)/i, /^(?:\n)/i, /^(?:::icon\()/i, /^(?:[\s]+[\n])/i, /^(?:[\n]+)/i, /^(?:[^\)]+)/i, /^(?:\))/i, /^(?:-\))/i, /^(?:\(-)/i, /^(?:\)\))/i, /^(?:\))/i, /^(?:\(\()/i, /^(?:\{\{)/i, /^(?:\()/i, /^(?:\[)/i, /^(?:[\s]+)/i, /^(?:[^\(\[\n\-\)\{\}]+)/i, /^(?:$)/i, /^(?:["])/i, /^(?:[^"]+)/i, /^(?:["])/i, /^(?:[\)]\))/i, /^(?:[\)])/i, /^(?:[\]])/i, /^(?:\}\})/i, /^(?:\(-)/i, /^(?:-\))/i, /^(?:\(\()/i, /^(?:\()/i, /^(?:[^\)\]\(\}]+)/i, /^(?:.+(?!\(\())/i], + conditions: { "CLASS": { "rules": [3, 4], "inclusive": false }, "ICON": { "rules": [8, 9], "inclusive": false }, "NSTR": { "rules": [22, 23], "inclusive": false }, "NODE": { "rules": [21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33], "inclusive": false }, "INITIAL": { "rules": [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], "inclusive": true } } + }; + return lexer2; + }(); + parser2.lexer = lexer; + function Parser() { + this.yy = {}; + } + Parser.prototype = parser2; + parser2.Parser = Parser; + return new Parser(); +}(); +parser.parser = parser; +const mindmapParser = parser; +const sanitizeText = (text) => (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.n)(text, (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.g)()); +let nodes = []; +let cnt = 0; +let elements = {}; +const clear = () => { + nodes = []; + cnt = 0; + elements = {}; +}; +const getParent = function(level) { + for (let i = nodes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + if (nodes[i].level < level) { + return nodes[i]; + } + } + return null; +}; +const getMindmap = () => { + return nodes.length > 0 ? nodes[0] : null; +}; +const addNode = (level, id, descr, type) => { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l.info("addNode", level, id, descr, type); + const conf = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.g)(); + const node = { + id: cnt++, + nodeId: sanitizeText(id), + level, + descr: sanitizeText(descr), + type, + children: [], + width: (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.g)().mindmap.maxNodeWidth + }; + switch (node.type) { + case nodeType.ROUNDED_RECT: + node.padding = 2 * conf.mindmap.padding; + break; + case nodeType.RECT: + node.padding = 2 * conf.mindmap.padding; + break; + case nodeType.HEXAGON: + node.padding = 2 * conf.mindmap.padding; + break; + default: + node.padding = conf.mindmap.padding; + } + const parent = getParent(level); + if (parent) { + parent.children.push(node); + nodes.push(node); + } else { + if (nodes.length === 0) { + nodes.push(node); + } else { + let error = new Error( + 'There can be only one root. No parent could be found for ("' + node.descr + '")' + ); + error.hash = { + text: "branch " + name, + token: "branch " + name, + line: "1", + loc: { first_line: 1, last_line: 1, first_column: 1, last_column: 1 }, + expected: ['"checkout ' + name + '"'] + }; + throw error; + } + } +}; +const nodeType = { + DEFAULT: 0, + NO_BORDER: 0, + ROUNDED_RECT: 1, + RECT: 2, + CIRCLE: 3, + CLOUD: 4, + BANG: 5, + HEXAGON: 6 +}; +const getType = (startStr, endStr) => { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l.debug("In get type", startStr, endStr); + switch (startStr) { + case "[": + return nodeType.RECT; + case "(": + return endStr === ")" ? nodeType.ROUNDED_RECT : nodeType.CLOUD; + case "((": + return nodeType.CIRCLE; + case ")": + return nodeType.CLOUD; + case "))": + return nodeType.BANG; + case "{{": + return nodeType.HEXAGON; + default: + return nodeType.DEFAULT; + } +}; +const setElementForId = (id, element) => { + elements[id] = element; +}; +const decorateNode = (decoration) => { + const node = nodes[nodes.length - 1]; + if (decoration && decoration.icon) { + node.icon = sanitizeText(decoration.icon); + } + if (decoration && decoration.class) { + node.class = sanitizeText(decoration.class); + } +}; +const type2Str = (type) => { + switch (type) { + case nodeType.DEFAULT: + return "no-border"; + case nodeType.RECT: + return "rect"; + case nodeType.ROUNDED_RECT: + return "rounded-rect"; + case nodeType.CIRCLE: + return "circle"; + case nodeType.CLOUD: + return "cloud"; + case nodeType.BANG: + return "bang"; + case nodeType.HEXAGON: + return "hexgon"; + default: + return "no-border"; + } +}; +let parseError; +const setErrorHandler = (handler) => { + parseError = handler; +}; +const getLogger = () => _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l; +const getNodeById = (id) => nodes[id]; +const getElementById = (id) => elements[id]; +const mindmapDb = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze(/* @__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty({ + __proto__: null, + sanitizeText, + clear, + getMindmap, + addNode, + nodeType, + getType, + setElementForId, + decorateNode, + type2Str, + get parseError() { + return parseError; + }, + setErrorHandler, + getLogger, + getNodeById, + getElementById +}, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: "Module" })); +const MAX_SECTIONS = 12; +function wrap(text, width) { + text.each(function() { + var text2 = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)(this), words = text2.text().split(/(\s+|
)/).reverse(), word, line = [], lineHeight = 1.1, y = text2.attr("y"), dy = parseFloat(text2.attr("dy")), tspan = text2.text(null).append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", dy + "em"); + for (let j = 0; j < words.length; j++) { + word = words[words.length - 1 - j]; + line.push(word); + tspan.text(line.join(" ").trim()); + if (tspan.node().getComputedTextLength() > width || word === "
") { + line.pop(); + tspan.text(line.join(" ").trim()); + if (word === "
") { + line = [""]; + } else { + line = [word]; + } + tspan = text2.append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", lineHeight + "em").text(word); + } + } + }); +} +const defaultBkg = function(elem, node, section) { + const rd = 5; + elem.append("path").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + type2Str(node.type)).attr( + "d", + `M0 ${node.height - rd} v${-node.height + 2 * rd} q0,-5 5,-5 h${node.width - 2 * rd} q5,0 5,5 v${node.height - rd} H0 Z` + ); + elem.append("line").attr("class", "node-line-" + section).attr("x1", 0).attr("y1", node.height).attr("x2", node.width).attr("y2", node.height); +}; +const rectBkg = function(elem, node) { + elem.append("rect").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + type2Str(node.type)).attr("height", node.height).attr("width", node.width); +}; +const cloudBkg = function(elem, node) { + const w = node.width; + const h = node.height; + const r1 = 0.15 * w; + const r2 = 0.25 * w; + const r3 = 0.35 * w; + const r4 = 0.2 * w; + elem.append("path").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + type2Str(node.type)).attr( + "d", + `M0 0 a${r1},${r1} 0 0,1 ${w * 0.25},${-1 * w * 0.1} + a${r3},${r3} 1 0,1 ${w * 0.4},${-1 * w * 0.1} + a${r2},${r2} 1 0,1 ${w * 0.35},${1 * w * 0.2} + + a${r1},${r1} 1 0,1 ${w * 0.15},${1 * h * 0.35} + a${r4},${r4} 1 0,1 ${-1 * w * 0.15},${1 * h * 0.65} + + a${r2},${r1} 1 0,1 ${-1 * w * 0.25},${w * 0.15} + a${r3},${r3} 1 0,1 ${-1 * w * 0.5},${0} + a${r1},${r1} 1 0,1 ${-1 * w * 0.25},${-1 * w * 0.15} + + a${r1},${r1} 1 0,1 ${-1 * w * 0.1},${-1 * h * 0.35} + a${r4},${r4} 1 0,1 ${w * 0.1},${-1 * h * 0.65} + + H0 V0 Z` + ); +}; +const bangBkg = function(elem, node) { + const w = node.width; + const h = node.height; + const r = 0.15 * w; + elem.append("path").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + type2Str(node.type)).attr( + "d", + `M0 0 a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${w * 0.25},${-1 * h * 0.1} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${w * 0.25},${0} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${w * 0.25},${0} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${w * 0.25},${1 * h * 0.1} + + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${w * 0.15},${1 * h * 0.33} + a${r * 0.8},${r * 0.8} 1 0,0 ${0},${1 * h * 0.34} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${-1 * w * 0.15},${1 * h * 0.33} + + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${-1 * w * 0.25},${h * 0.15} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${-1 * w * 0.25},${0} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${-1 * w * 0.25},${0} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${-1 * w * 0.25},${-1 * h * 0.15} + + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${-1 * w * 0.1},${-1 * h * 0.33} + a${r * 0.8},${r * 0.8} 1 0,0 ${0},${-1 * h * 0.34} + a${r},${r} 1 0,0 ${w * 0.1},${-1 * h * 0.33} + + H0 V0 Z` + ); +}; +const circleBkg = function(elem, node) { + elem.append("circle").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + type2Str(node.type)).attr("r", node.width / 2); +}; +function insertPolygonShape(parent, w, h, points, node) { + return parent.insert("polygon", ":first-child").attr( + "points", + points.map(function(d) { + return d.x + "," + d.y; + }).join(" ") + ).attr("transform", "translate(" + (node.width - w) / 2 + ", " + h + ")"); +} +const hexagonBkg = function(elem, node) { + const h = node.height; + const f = 4; + const m = h / f; + const w = node.width - node.padding + 2 * m; + const points = [ + { x: m, y: 0 }, + { x: w - m, y: 0 }, + { x: w, y: -h / 2 }, + { x: w - m, y: -h }, + { x: m, y: -h }, + { x: 0, y: -h / 2 } + ]; + insertPolygonShape(elem, w, h, points, node); +}; +const roundedRectBkg = function(elem, node) { + elem.append("rect").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + type2Str(node.type)).attr("height", node.height).attr("rx", node.padding).attr("ry", node.padding).attr("width", node.width); +}; +const drawNode = function(elem, node, fullSection, conf) { + const section = fullSection % (MAX_SECTIONS - 1); + const nodeElem = elem.append("g"); + node.section = section; + let sectionClass = "section-" + section; + if (section < 0) { + sectionClass += " section-root"; + } + nodeElem.attr("class", (node.class ? node.class + " " : "") + "mindmap-node " + sectionClass); + const bkgElem = nodeElem.append("g"); + const textElem = nodeElem.append("g"); + const txt = textElem.append("text").text(node.descr).attr("dy", "1em").attr("alignment-baseline", "middle").attr("dominant-baseline", "middle").attr("text-anchor", "middle").call(wrap, node.width); + const bbox = txt.node().getBBox(); + const fontSize = conf.fontSize.replace ? conf.fontSize.replace("px", "") : conf.fontSize; + node.height = bbox.height + fontSize * 1.1 * 0.5 + node.padding; + node.width = bbox.width + 2 * node.padding; + if (node.icon) { + if (node.type === nodeType.CIRCLE) { + node.height += 50; + node.width += 50; + const icon = nodeElem.append("foreignObject").attr("height", "50px").attr("width", node.width).attr("style", "text-align: center;"); + icon.append("div").attr("class", "icon-container").append("i").attr("class", "node-icon-" + section + " " + node.icon); + textElem.attr( + "transform", + "translate(" + node.width / 2 + ", " + (node.height / 2 - 1.5 * node.padding) + ")" + ); + } else { + node.width += 50; + const orgHeight = node.height; + node.height = Math.max(orgHeight, 60); + const heightDiff = Math.abs(node.height - orgHeight); + const icon = nodeElem.append("foreignObject").attr("width", "60px").attr("height", node.height).attr("style", "text-align: center;margin-top:" + heightDiff / 2 + "px;"); + icon.append("div").attr("class", "icon-container").append("i").attr("class", "node-icon-" + section + " " + node.icon); + textElem.attr( + "transform", + "translate(" + (25 + node.width / 2) + ", " + (heightDiff / 2 + node.padding / 2) + ")" + ); + } + } else { + textElem.attr("transform", "translate(" + node.width / 2 + ", " + node.padding / 2 + ")"); + } + switch (node.type) { + case nodeType.DEFAULT: + defaultBkg(bkgElem, node, section); + break; + case nodeType.ROUNDED_RECT: + roundedRectBkg(bkgElem, node); + break; + case nodeType.RECT: + rectBkg(bkgElem, node); + break; + case nodeType.CIRCLE: + bkgElem.attr("transform", "translate(" + node.width / 2 + ", " + +node.height / 2 + ")"); + circleBkg(bkgElem, node); + break; + case nodeType.CLOUD: + cloudBkg(bkgElem, node); + break; + case nodeType.BANG: + bangBkg(bkgElem, node); + break; + case nodeType.HEXAGON: + hexagonBkg(bkgElem, node); + break; + } + setElementForId(node.id, nodeElem); + return node.height; +}; +const drawEdge = function drawEdge2(edgesElem, mindmap, parent, depth, fullSection) { + const section = fullSection % (MAX_SECTIONS - 1); + const sx = parent.x + parent.width / 2; + const sy = parent.y + parent.height / 2; + const ex = mindmap.x + mindmap.width / 2; + const ey = mindmap.y + mindmap.height / 2; + const mx = ex > sx ? sx + Math.abs(sx - ex) / 2 : sx - Math.abs(sx - ex) / 2; + const my = ey > sy ? sy + Math.abs(sy - ey) / 2 : sy - Math.abs(sy - ey) / 2; + const qx = ex > sx ? Math.abs(sx - mx) / 2 + sx : -Math.abs(sx - mx) / 2 + sx; + const qy = ey > sy ? Math.abs(sy - my) / 2 + sy : -Math.abs(sy - my) / 2 + sy; + edgesElem.append("path").attr( + "d", + parent.direction === "TB" || parent.direction === "BT" ? `M${sx},${sy} Q${sx},${qy} ${mx},${my} T${ex},${ey}` : `M${sx},${sy} Q${qx},${sy} ${mx},${my} T${ex},${ey}` + ).attr("class", "edge section-edge-" + section + " edge-depth-" + depth); +}; +const positionNode = function(node) { + const nodeElem = getElementById(node.id); + const x = node.x || 0; + const y = node.y || 0; + nodeElem.attr("transform", "translate(" + x + "," + y + ")"); +}; +const svgDraw = { drawNode, positionNode, drawEdge }; +cytoscape__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default().use((cytoscape_cose_bilkent__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default())); +function drawNodes(svg, mindmap, section, conf) { + svgDraw.drawNode(svg, mindmap, section, conf); + if (mindmap.children) { + mindmap.children.forEach((child, index) => { + drawNodes(svg, child, section < 0 ? index : section, conf); + }); + } +} +function drawEdges(edgesEl, cy) { + cy.edges().map((edge, id) => { + const data = edge.data(); + if (edge[0]._private.bodyBounds) { + const bounds = edge[0]._private.rscratch; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l.trace("Edge: ", id, data); + edgesEl.insert("path").attr( + "d", + `M ${bounds.startX},${bounds.startY} L ${bounds.midX},${bounds.midY} L${bounds.endX},${bounds.endY} ` + ).attr("class", "edge section-edge-" + data.section + " edge-depth-" + data.depth); + } + }); +} +function addNodes(mindmap, cy, conf, level) { + cy.add({ + group: "nodes", + data: { + id: mindmap.id, + labelText: mindmap.descr, + height: mindmap.height, + width: mindmap.width, + level, + nodeId: mindmap.id, + padding: mindmap.padding, + type: mindmap.type + }, + position: { + x: mindmap.x, + y: mindmap.y + } + }); + if (mindmap.children) { + mindmap.children.forEach((child) => { + addNodes(child, cy, conf, level + 1); + cy.add({ + group: "edges", + data: { + id: `${mindmap.id}_${child.id}`, + source: mindmap.id, + target: child.id, + depth: level, + section: child.section + } + }); + }); + } +} +function layoutMindmap(node, conf) { + return new Promise((resolve) => { + const renderEl = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("body").append("div").attr("id", "cy").attr("style", "display:none"); + const cy = cytoscape__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default()({ + container: document.getElementById("cy"), + style: [ + { + selector: "edge", + style: { + "curve-style": "bezier" + } + } + ] + }); + renderEl.remove(); + addNodes(node, cy, conf, 0); + cy.nodes().forEach(function(n) { + n.layoutDimensions = () => { + const data = n.data(); + return { w: data.width, h: data.height }; + }; + }); + cy.layout({ + name: "cose-bilkent", + quality: "proof", + styleEnabled: false, + animate: false + }).run(); + cy.ready((e) => { + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l.info("Ready", e); + resolve(cy); + }); + }); +} +function positionNodes(cy) { + cy.nodes().map((node, id) => { + const data = node.data(); + data.x = node.position().x; + data.y = node.position().y; + svgDraw.positionNode(data); + const el = getElementById(data.nodeId); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l.info("Id:", id, "Position: (", node.position().x, ", ", node.position().y, ")", data); + el.attr( + "transform", + `translate(${node.position().x - data.width / 2}, ${node.position().y - data.height / 2})` + ); + el.attr("attr", `apa-${id})`); + }); +} +const draw = async (text, id, version, diagObj) => { + const conf = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.g)(); + diagObj.db.clear(); + diagObj.parser.parse(text); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.l.debug("Renering info diagram\n" + text); + const securityLevel = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.g)().securityLevel; + let sandboxElement; + if (securityLevel === "sandbox") { + sandboxElement = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("#i" + id); + } + const root = securityLevel === "sandbox" ? (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)(sandboxElement.nodes()[0].contentDocument.body) : (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("body"); + const svg = root.select("#" + id); + svg.append("g"); + const mm = diagObj.db.getMindmap(); + const edgesElem = svg.append("g"); + edgesElem.attr("class", "mindmap-edges"); + const nodesElem = svg.append("g"); + nodesElem.attr("class", "mindmap-nodes"); + drawNodes(nodesElem, mm, -1, conf); + const cy = await layoutMindmap(mm, conf); + drawEdges(edgesElem, cy); + positionNodes(cy); + (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__.s)(void 0, svg, conf.mindmap.padding, conf.mindmap.useMaxWidth); +}; +const mindmapRenderer = { + draw +}; +const genSections = (options) => { + let sections = ""; + for (let i = 0; i < options.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT; i++) { + options["lineColor" + i] = options["lineColor" + i] || options["cScaleInv" + i]; + if ((0,khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_11__/* ["default"] */ .Z)(options["lineColor" + i])) { + options["lineColor" + i] = (0,khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_12__/* ["default"] */ .Z)(options["lineColor" + i], 20); + } else { + options["lineColor" + i] = (0,khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_13__/* ["default"] */ .Z)(options["lineColor" + i], 20); + } + } + for (let i = 0; i < options.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT; i++) { + const sw = "" + (17 - 3 * i); + sections += ` + .section-${i - 1} rect, .section-${i - 1} path, .section-${i - 1} circle, .section-${i - 1} polygon, .section-${i - 1} path { + fill: ${options["cScale" + i]}; + } + .section-${i - 1} text { + fill: ${options["cScaleLabel" + i]}; + } + .node-icon-${i - 1} { + font-size: 40px; + color: ${options["cScaleLabel" + i]}; + } + .section-edge-${i - 1}{ + stroke: ${options["cScale" + i]}; + } + .edge-depth-${i - 1}{ + stroke-width: ${sw}; + } + .section-${i - 1} line { + stroke: ${options["cScaleInv" + i]} ; + stroke-width: 3; + } + + .disabled, .disabled circle, .disabled text { + fill: lightgray; + } + .disabled text { + fill: #efefef; + } + `; + } + return sections; +}; +const getStyles = (options) => ` + .edge { + stroke-width: 3; + } + ${genSections(options)} + .section-root rect, .section-root path, .section-root circle, .section-root polygon { + fill: ${options.git0}; + } + .section-root text { + fill: ${options.gitBranchLabel0}; + } + .icon-container { + height:100%; + display: flex; + justify-content: center; + align-items: center; + } + .edge { + fill: none; + } +`; +const mindmapStyles = getStyles; +const diagram = { + db: mindmapDb, + renderer: mindmapRenderer, + parser: mindmapParser, + styles: mindmapStyles +}; + +//# sourceMappingURL=diagram-definition.2c0ce47b.js.map + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 91619: +/***/ ((__unused_webpack___webpack_module__, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => { + +"use strict"; + +// EXPORTS +__webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, { + "Z": () => (/* binding */ is_dark) +}); + +// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/utils/index.js + 3 modules +var utils = __webpack_require__(61691); +// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/color/index.js + 4 modules +var dist_color = __webpack_require__(71610); +;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/methods/luminance.js +/* IMPORT */ + + +/* MAIN */ +//SOURCE: https://planetcalc.com/7779 +const luminance = (color) => { + const { r, g, b } = dist_color/* default.parse */.Z.parse(color); + const luminance = .2126 * utils/* default.channel.toLinear */.Z.channel.toLinear(r) + .7152 * utils/* default.channel.toLinear */.Z.channel.toLinear(g) + .0722 * utils/* default.channel.toLinear */.Z.channel.toLinear(b); + return utils/* default.lang.round */.Z.lang.round(luminance); +}; +/* EXPORT */ +/* harmony default export */ const methods_luminance = (luminance); + +;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/methods/is_light.js +/* IMPORT */ + +/* MAIN */ +const isLight = (color) => { + return methods_luminance(color) >= .5; +}; +/* EXPORT */ +/* harmony default export */ const is_light = (isLight); + +;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/methods/is_dark.js +/* IMPORT */ + +/* MAIN */ +const isDark = (color) => { + return !is_light(color); +}; +/* EXPORT */ +/* harmony default export */ const is_dark = (isDark); + + +/***/ }) + +}; +; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/367de8e8.2223341e.js b/docs/assets/js/367de8e8.2223341e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16e30eeb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/367de8e8.2223341e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[56527],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},f=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),f=p(n),d=a,m=f["".concat(s,".").concat(d)]||f[d]||u[d]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=f;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.6.0/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/getting-started/flipper.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/flipper",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Installation",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation"},next:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/basics"}},s={},p=[{value:"Let's flip",id:"lets-flip",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-example"},"Flipper example"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial, you should have this file already at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For further explanation of how this code works, see ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"lets-flip"},"Let's flip"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs" showLineNumbers',title:'"flipper.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Variable;\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function we want to use."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use odra::types::Address;\n use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());\n\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address() -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3721b008.43d60be0.js b/docs/assets/js/3721b008.43d60be0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0901b03a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3721b008.43d60be0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25151],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),c=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},u=function(e){var r=c(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),m=a,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},u),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},u))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/events"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},u,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::types::Address;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Variable,\n owner: Variable
,\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet => 1,\n NotAnOwner => 2,\n }\n}\n\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_exception"),". This is how you will\nuse it:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};\nuse super::Error;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_owner_error() {\n let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {\n owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());\n })\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, because we are calling the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),' method as an address which is not an "owner",\nwe are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.'),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractRef::at()")," and passing to it\nits Address. Note that ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractDeployer::init()")," returns the same type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/372918e4.75d6668d.js b/docs/assets/js/372918e4.75d6668d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14186e8dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/372918e4.75d6668d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59132],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},h=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=c(n),u=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(u)]||h[u]||p[u]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function u(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,i=new Array(r);i[0]=h;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:3},i="Livenet",l={unversionedId:"backends/livenet",id:"version-0.9.0/backends/livenet",title:"Livenet",description:"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/backends/04-livenet.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/casper"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/examples"}},s={},c=[{value:"Setup",id:"setup",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"How Livenet backend works",id:"how-livenet-backend-works",level:2},{value:"Multiple environments",id:"multiple-environments",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"livenet"},"Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local\ntest node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend\nto handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM,\nhowever, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state.\nThis lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but\non the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to\npay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"faucet"),"\nto get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed\nfor each action."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state -\nwe can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"advance_block_time")," function\nis implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running\nthe regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will\nuse a slightly different workflow to test the contracts."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"setup"},"Setup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private\nkey and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use\nmore than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env\nfile to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/examples/.env.sample"},".env.sample")," file from\nexamples folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env"},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used\n# to deploy the contracts.\n# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit\n# the secret key to the repository.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network. Known values:\n# - integration-test\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test\n\n# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.\n# Main secret key will be 0th account.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find\na simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"},"erc20_on_livenet.rs")," file.\nLet's go through the code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'fn main() {\n // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize\n // the environment:\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the\n // OdraVM backend.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,\n // so we need to provide them\n // if we did not import their secret keys.\n let recipient = \n "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Arguments for the contract init method.\n let name = String::from("Plascoin");\n let symbol = String::from("PLS");\n let decimals = 10u8;\n let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);\n \n // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify\n // the gas limit for each action.\n // The limit will be used for every consecutive action\n // until we change it.\n env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);\n \n // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.\n let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)\n };\n let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);\n \n // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Uncomment to load existing contract.\n // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract\n // that is already deployed.\n // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);\n\n // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.\n println!("Token name: {}", token.name());\n\n // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,\n // so we change the amount of gas\n env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);\n token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));\n\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));\n println!("Recipient\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[bin]\nname = "erc20_on_livenet"\npath = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n'))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," feature enabled:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A part of a sample output should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'...\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.\nOwner\'s balance: 4004\nRecipient\'s balance: 4000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing.\nEach deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute.\nWe can see that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer")," call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," was nearly instant\nand cost us nothing. How it is possible?"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can see the deployment on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://cspr.live/"},"http://cspr.live/")," - the transfer from the example\ncan be seen ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://integration.cspr.live/deploy/65b1a5d21174a62c675f89683aba995c453b942c705b404a1f8bbf6f0f6de32a"},"here"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"how-livenet-backend-works"},"How Livenet backend works"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state.\nIt is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the\nnode is the current state. This is why the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," call was almost instant and free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract\n(see ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross Calls"),"), it is executed offline and\nnode is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts\nand the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"multiple-environments"},"Multiple environments"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts,\nmultiple nodes or even multiple chains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To do this, simply create a new ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with a different prefix - for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet.env"),".\nThen, pass the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV")," variable with value either ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet")," to select which file\nhas to be used first. If your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file has a value that IS present in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file, it will\noverride the value from the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To sum up - this command will firstly load the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file and then load the missing values from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/377695c3.014b13fe.js b/docs/assets/js/377695c3.014b13fe.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf7217e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/377695c3.014b13fe.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[60915],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=d(n),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return n?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.9.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining a constructor,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Var>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4")," - Firstly, we need to create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]")," attribute to it. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," is a type that will be defined later."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(Some(owner));\n \n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an Odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-L20")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L6")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::revert()")," function with an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized")," argument. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L26")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - Finally, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::emit_event()")," passing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));\n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n });\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get_or_default() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n NotOwner = 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7,L31")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also, we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum by adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::caller()")," function. Then we update the state and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L21,L33")," - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," function returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"owner")," is of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option
")," the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," would return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option>"),", we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get_or_default()")," instead.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};\n\n fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {\n let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {\n owner: env.get_account(0)\n };\n (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n \n env.set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n\n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n assert_eq!(\n ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), \n Err(Error::NotOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()"),", which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7-L11")," - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),". Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute implements a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableInitArgs")," that we pass as the second argument of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-17")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-25")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". To get the env, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env()")," on the contract, then call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::emitted_event"),". As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::try_change_ownership()")," instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::change_ownership()"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"try")," functions return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraResult")," (an alias for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Result"),") instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::NotOwner")," error. To compare the error, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::into()")," function, which converts the error into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," type.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/383c9ad7.444afe3d.js b/docs/assets/js/383c9ad7.444afe3d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1be38d998 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/383c9ad7.444afe3d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46491],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function l(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var l=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,l=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||l;return t?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var l=t.length,o=new Array(l);o[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>l,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const l={},o="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/docs/advanced/01-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/next/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256,\n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256, \n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule,\n exchange: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3849c38e.c5398bdb.js b/docs/assets/js/3849c38e.c5398bdb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84d9647d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3849c38e.c5398bdb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[58050],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},u=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},u),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},u))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events"}},l={},p=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},u,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, OdraError, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Var,\n owner: Var
\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet = 1,\n NotAnOwner = 2\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An error should be a field-less enum. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The enum must derive from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Avoid implicit discriminants.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};\n use odra::host::Deployer;\n use odra::prelude::*;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_owner_error() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let owner = test_env.get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);\n\n test_env.set_caller(owner);\n let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {\n name: "OwnedContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);\n assert_eq!(\n owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),\n Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," has ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_{{entry_point_name}}")," functions that return an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult")),".\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractHostRef")," implements regular entrypoints: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),", and\nand safe its safe version: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we are calling ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name")," and expecting an error to be thrown.\nFor assertions, we are using a standard ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro. As the contract call returns an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError"),",\nwe need to convert our custom error to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Into::into()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/386627d1.9f970544.js b/docs/assets/js/386627d1.9f970544.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad28d403e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/386627d1.9f970544.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25633],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(l),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||i;return t?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=p;var s={};for(var l in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,l)&&(s[l]=n[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var u=2;u{t.d(n,{Z:()=>o});var a=t(67294),r=t(86010);const i="tabItem_Ymn6";function o(e){let{children:n,hidden:t,className:o}=e;return a.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,r.Z)(i,o),hidden:t},n)}},74866:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>x});var a=t(87462),r=t(67294),i=t(86010),o=t(12466),s=t(16550),l=t(91980),u=t(67392),d=t(50012);function c(e){return function(e){return r.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,r.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:n,label:t,attributes:a,default:r}}=e;return{value:n,label:t,attributes:a,default:r}}))}function p(e){const{values:n,children:t}=e;return(0,r.useMemo)((()=>{const e=n??c(t);return function(e){const n=(0,u.l)(e,((e,n)=>e.value===n.value));if(n.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${n.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To follow this guide, you should have:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Knowledge of Solidity."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hello-world"},"Hello World"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Let\'s start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message.'),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HelloWorld {\n greet: Var,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HelloWorld {\n pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) {\n self.greet.set(message);\n }\n\n pub fn get(&self) -> String {\n self.greet.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract HelloWorld {\n string public greet = "Hello World!";\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HelloWorld")," struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the greeting message and get to retrieve it.\nTwo key differences are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"To initialize values, you must do it in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable-storage-and-state-management"},"Variable Storage and State Management"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"data-types"},"Data Types"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use core::str::FromStr;\nuse odra::{\n casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256},\n module::Module,\n prelude::*,\n Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Primitives {\n boo: Var,\n u: Var, // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type\n u2: Var, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type\n i: Var, // i32 is the smallest signed integer type\n i2: Var, // i64 is the biggest signed integer type\n address: Var
,\n bytes: Var,\n default_boo: Var,\n default_uint: Var,\n default_int: Var,\n default_addr: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Primitives {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.boo.set(true);\n self.u.set(1);\n self.u2.set(U256::from(456));\n self.i.set(-1);\n self.i2.set(456);\n self.address.set(\n Address::from_str(\n "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb",\n )\n .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()),\n );\n self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5]));\n\n let _min_int = U256::zero();\n let _max_int = U256::MAX;\n }\n\n // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method\n pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool {\n self.default_boo.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 {\n self.default_uint.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 {\n self.default_int.get_or_default()\n }\n\n // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value\n pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address {\n self.default_addr.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/primitives/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/primitives/"'},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Primitives {\n bool public boo = true;\n\n uint8 public u8 = 1;\n uint256 public u256 = 456;\n\n int8 public i8 = -1;\n int256 public i256 = 456;\n\n int256 public minInt = type(int256).min;\n int256 public maxInt = type(int256).max;\n\n address public addr = 0xCA35b7d915458EF540aDe6068dFe2F44E8fa733c;\n bytes1 a = 0xb5; // [10110101]\n\n // Default values\n // Unassigned variables have a default value\n bool public defaultBoo; // false\n uint256 public defaultUint; // 0\n int256 public defaultInt; // 0\n address public defaultAddr; // 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u8"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u16"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u32"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u64"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U128"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," for unsigned integers, and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"i32")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"i64")," for signed integers."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," type; the workaround is to use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Option
"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," type is used to store byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Values are stored in units called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Named Keys")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Dictionaries"),". Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"constants-and-immutability"},"Constants and Immutability"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Constants;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Constants {\n pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]);\n pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account(\n AccountHash([0u8; 32])\n );\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/constants/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/constants/"'},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Constants {\n // coding convention to uppercase constant variables\n address public constant MY_ADDRESS =\n 0x777788889999AaAAbBbbCcccddDdeeeEfFFfCcCc;\n uint256 public constant MY_UINT = 123;\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you can define constants using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"const")," keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"immutable")," keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"immutable")," keyword."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"variables"},"Variables"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Variables {\n text: Var,\n my_uint: Var,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Variables {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.text.set("Hello".to_string());\n self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123));\n }\n\n pub fn do_something(&self) {\n // Local variables\n let i = 456;\n // Env variables\n let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time();\n let sender = self.env().caller();\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/variables/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/variables/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Variables {\n // State variables are stored on the blockchain.\n string public text = "Hello";\n uint256 public num = 123;\n\n function doSomething() public {\n // Local variables are not saved to the blockchain.\n uint256 i = 456;\n\n // Here are some global variables\n uint256 timestamp = block.timestamp; // Current block timestamp\n address sender = msg.sender; // address of the caller\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv")," retrieved using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"env()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"arrays-and-mappings"},"Arrays and Mappings"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MappingContract {\n my_map: Mapping> \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MappingContract {\n pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 {\n // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option>\n // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option\n self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {\n self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i));\n }\n\n pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) {\n self.my_map.set(&addr, None);\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option> \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool {\n self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) {\n self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo));\n }\n\n pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {\n self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None);\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Mapping {\n mapping(address => uint256) public myMap;\n\n function get(address _addr) public view returns (uint256) {\n return myMap[_addr];\n }\n\n function set(address _addr, uint256 _i) public {\n myMap[_addr] = _i;\n }\n\n function remove(address _addr) public {\n delete myMap[_addr];\n }\n}\n\ncontract NestedMapping {\n mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => bool)) public nested;\n\n function get(address _addr1, uint256 _i) public view returns (bool) {\n return nested[_addr1][_i];\n }\n\n function set(address _addr1, uint256 _i, bool _boo) public {\n nested[_addr1][_i] = _boo;\n }\n\n function remove(address _addr1, uint256 _i) public {\n delete nested[_addr1][_i];\n }\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Array {\n // the size of the array must be known at compile time\n arr: Var<[u8; 10]>,\n vec: Var>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Array {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);\n self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);\n }\n\n pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] {\n self.arr.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) {\n let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();\n vec.push(value);\n self.vec.set(vec);\n }\n\n pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) {\n let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();\n vec.pop();\n self.vec.set(vec);\n }\n\n pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) {\n let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();\n arr[index as usize] = value;\n self.arr.set(arr);\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Array {\n // Several ways to initialize an array\n uint256[] public arr;\n uint256[] public arr2 = [1, 2, 3];\n // Fixed sized array, all elements initialize to 0\n uint256[10] public myFixedSizeArr;\n\n function get(uint256 i) public view returns (uint256) {\n return arr[i];\n }\n\n // Solidity can return the entire array.\n // But this function should be avoided for\n // arrays that can grow indefinitely in length.\n function getArr() public view returns (uint256[] memory) {\n return arr;\n }\n\n function push(uint256 i) public {\n // Append to array\n // This will increase the array length by 1.\n arr.push(i);\n }\n\n function pop() public {\n // Remove last element from array\n // This will decrease the array length by 1\n arr.pop();\n }\n\n function getLength() public view returns (uint256) {\n return arr.length;\n }\n\n function remove(uint256 index) public {\n // Delete does not change the array length.\n // It resets the value at index to it's default value,\n // in this case 0\n delete arr[index];\n }\n\n function examples() external {\n // create array in memory, only fixed size can be created\n uint256[] memory a = new uint256[](5);\n }\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," instead of an array or vector to store data."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom types"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\n#[derive(Default)]\npub enum Status {\n #[default]\n Pending,\n Shipped,\n Accepted,\n Rejected,\n Canceled,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Enum {\n status: Var,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Enum {\n pub fn get(&self) -> Status {\n self.status.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) {\n self.status.set(status);\n }\n\n pub fn cancel(&mut self) {\n self.status.set(Status::Canceled);\n }\n\n pub fn reset(&mut self) {\n self.status.set(Default::default());\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/enum/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/enum/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Enum {\n // Enum representing shipping status\n enum Status {\n Pending,\n Shipped,\n Accepted,\n Rejected,\n Canceled\n }\n\n // Default value is the first element listed in\n // definition of the type, in this case "Pending"\n Status public status;\n\n // Returns uint\n // Pending - 0\n // Shipped - 1\n // Accepted - 2\n // Rejected - 3\n // Canceled - 4\n function get() public view returns (Status) {\n return status;\n }\n\n function set(Status _status) public {\n status = _status;\n }\n\n function cancel() public {\n status = Status.Canceled;\n }\n\n // delete resets the enum to its first value, 0\n function reset() public {\n delete status;\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, custom types are defined using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[default]")," attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Default::default()")," function."),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, List};\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Todo {\n text: String,\n completed: bool,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Enum {\n // You could also use Var> instead of List,\n // but List is more efficient for large arrays,\n // it loads items lazily.\n todos: List,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Enum {\n pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) {\n self.todos.push(Todo {\n text,\n completed: false,\n });\n }\n\n pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) {\n if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {\n todo.text = text;\n self.todos.replace(index, todo);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) {\n if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {\n todo.completed = !todo.completed;\n self.todos.replace(index, todo);\n }\n }\n\n // Odra does not create getters by default\n pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option {\n self.todos.get(index)\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/structs/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/structs/"'},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Todos {\n struct Todo {\n string text;\n bool completed;\n }\n\n Todo[] public todos;\n\n function create(string calldata _text) public {\n todos.push(Todo(_text, false));\n }\n\n // Solidity automatically created a getter for 'todos' so\n // you don't actually need this function.\n function get(uint256 _index)\n public\n view\n returns (string memory text, bool completed)\n {\n Todo storage todo = todos[_index];\n return (todo.text, todo.completed);\n }\n\n function updateText(uint256 _index, string calldata _text) public {\n Todo storage todo = todos[_index];\n todo.text = _text;\n }\n\n function toggleCompleted(uint256 _index) public {\n Todo storage todo = todos[_index];\n todo.completed = !todo.completed;\n }\n}\n\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"data-location"},"Data Location"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"memory"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"calldata"),". In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),"), the data is stored in the contract's storage."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"functions"},"Functions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"impl Erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount);\n // Transfer logic goes here\n }\n\n fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n // Internal transfer logic goes here\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," function."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"view-and-pure"},"View and Pure"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ViewAndPure {\n x: Var \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ViewAndPure {\n pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 {\n self.x.get_or_default() + y\n }\n}\n\npub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 {\n i + j\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract ViewAndPure {\n uint256 public x = 1;\n\n // Promise not to modify the state.\n function addToX(uint256 y) public view returns (uint256) {\n return x + y;\n }\n\n // Promise not to modify or read from the state.\n function add(uint256 i, uint256 j) public pure returns (uint256) {\n return i + j;\n }\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you don't need to specify ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"view")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pure")," functions explicitly. All functions are considered ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"view")," functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&mut self"),". If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"modifiers"},"Modifiers"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct FunctionModifier {\n x: Var,\n locked: Var, \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl FunctionModifier {\n pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 {\n self.lock();\n self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i);\n\n if i > 1 {\n self.decrement(i - 1);\n }\n self.unlock();\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn lock(&mut self) {\n if self.locked.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert("No reentrancy");\n }\n\n self.locked.set(true);\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn unlock(&mut self) {\n self.locked.set(false);\n }\n}\n\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract FunctionModifier {\n uint256 public x = 10;\n bool public locked;\n\n modifier noReentrancy() {\n require(!locked, "No reentrancy");\n\n locked = true;\n _;\n locked = false;\n }\n\n function decrement(uint256 i) public noReentrancy {\n x -= i;\n\n if (i > 1) {\n decrement(i - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lock")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unlock")," functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[inline]")," attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"visibility"},"Visibility"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Functions can be declared as:"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"`pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call.\n`pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call.\n`default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function.\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"`public` - any contract and account can call.\n`private` - only inside the contract that defines the function.\n`internal` - only inside contract that inherits an internal function.\n`external` - only other contracts and accounts can call\n\nState variables can be declared as public, private, or internal but not external.\n")))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Payable {\n owner: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Payable {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller());\n }\n\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&self) {\n }\n\n pub fn not_payable(&self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&self) {\n let amount = self.env().self_balance();\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount);\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Payable {\n // Payable address can send Ether via transfer or send\n address payable public owner;\n\n // Payable constructor can receive Ether\n constructor() payable {\n owner = payable(msg.sender);\n }\n\n // Function to deposit Ether into this contract.\n // Call this function along with some Ether.\n // The balance of this contract will be automatically updated.\n function deposit() public payable {}\n\n // Call this function along with some Ether.\n // The function will throw an error since this function is not payable.\n function notPayable() public {}\n\n // Function to withdraw all Ether from this contract.\n function withdraw() public {\n // get the amount of Ether stored in this contract\n uint256 amount = address(this).balance;\n\n // send all Ether to owner\n (bool success,) = owner.call{value: amount}("");\n require(success, "Failed to send Ether");\n }\n\n // Function to transfer Ether from this contract to address from input\n function transfer(address payable _to, uint256 _amount) public {\n // Note that "to" is declared as payable\n (bool success,) = _to.call{value: _amount}("");\n require(success, "Failed to send Ether");\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you can define a function with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"selectors"},"Selectors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'contract_addr.call(\n abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234)\n)\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"events-and-logging"},"Events and Logging"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::{prelude::*, Address};\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Log {\n sender: Address,\n message: String,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct AnotherLog {}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Event;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Event {\n pub fn test(&self) {\n let env = self.env();\n env.emit_event(Log {\n sender: env.caller(),\n message: "Hello World!".to_string(),\n });\n env.emit_event(Log {\n sender: env.caller(),\n message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(),\n });\n env.emit_event(AnotherLog {});\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/events/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/events/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Event {\n // Event declaration\n // Up to 3 parameters can be indexed.\n // Indexed parameters helps you filter the logs by the indexed parameter\n event Log(address indexed sender, string message);\n event AnotherLog();\n\n function test() public {\n emit Log(msg.sender, "Hello World!");\n emit Log(msg.sender, "Hello EVM!");\n emit AnotherLog();\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event()")," function, passing the event struct as an argument."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/events"},"Basics")," section.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"error-handling"},"Error Handling"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}};\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum CustomError {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InputLowerThanTen = 2,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Error;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Error {\n pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) {\n if i <= 10.into() {\n self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) {\n let balance = self.env().self_balance();\n if balance < withdraw_amount {\n self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/error/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/error/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Error {\n function testRequire(uint256 _i) public pure {\n // Require should be used to validate conditions such as:\n // - inputs\n // - conditions before execution\n // - return values from calls to other functions\n require(_i > 10, "Input must be greater than 10");\n }\n\n function testRevert(uint256 _i) public pure {\n // Revert is useful when the condition to check is complex.\n // This code does the exact same thing as the example above\n if (_i <= 10) {\n revert("Input must be greater than 10");\n }\n }\n\n uint256 public num;\n\n function testAssert() public view {\n // Assert should only be used to test for internal errors,\n // and to check invariants.\n\n // Here we assert that num is always equal to 0\n // since it is impossible to update the value of num\n assert(num == 0);\n }\n\n // custom error\n error InsufficientBalance(uint256 balance, uint256 withdrawAmount);\n\n function testCustomError(uint256 _withdrawAmount) public view {\n uint256 bal = address(this).balance;\n if (bal < _withdrawAmount) {\n revert InsufficientBalance({\n balance: bal,\n withdrawAmount: _withdrawAmount\n });\n }\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"require"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert"),", and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"env().revert()")," function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"composition-vs-inheritance"},"Composition vs. Inheritance"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra."),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct A;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl A {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n "A".to_string()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct B {\n a: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl B {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n "B".to_string()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct C {\n a: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl C {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n "C".to_string()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct D {\n b: SubModule,\n c: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl D {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n self.c.foo()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct E {\n b: SubModule,\n c: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl E {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n self.b.foo()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct F {\n a: SubModule,\n b: SubModule,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl F {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n self.a.foo()\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/inheritance/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/inheritance/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\n/* Graph of inheritance\n A\n / \\\n B C\n / \\ /\nF D,E\n*/\n\ncontract A {\n function foo() public pure virtual returns (string memory) {\n return "A";\n }\n}\n\n// Contracts inherit other contracts by using the keyword \'is\'.\ncontract B is A {\n // Override A.foo()\n function foo() public pure virtual override returns (string memory) {\n return "B";\n }\n}\n\ncontract C is A {\n // Override A.foo()\n function foo() public pure virtual override returns (string memory) {\n return "C";\n }\n}\n\n// Contracts can inherit from multiple parent contracts.\n// When a function is called that is defined multiple times in\n// different contracts, parent contracts are searched from\n// right to left, and in depth-first manner.\ncontract D is B, C {\n // D.foo() returns "C"\n // since C is the right most parent contract with function foo()\n function foo() public pure override(B, C) returns (string memory) {\n return super.foo();\n }\n}\n\ncontract E is C, B {\n // E.foo() returns "B"\n // since B is the right most parent contract with function foo()\n function foo() public pure override(C, B) returns (string memory) {\n return super.foo();\n }\n}\n\n// Inheritance must be ordered from \u201cmost base-like\u201d to \u201cmost derived\u201d.\n// Swapping the order of A and B will throw a compilation error.\ncontract F is A, B {\n function foo() public pure override(A, B) returns (string memory) {\n return super.foo();\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"libraries-and-utility"},"Libraries and Utility"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\nmod math {\n use odra::casper_types::U256;\n\n pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 {\n let mut z = y;\n if y > 3.into() {\n let mut x = y / 2 + 1;\n while x < z {\n z = x;\n x = (y / x + x) / 2;\n }\n } else if y != U256::zero() {\n z = U256::one();\n }\n z\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct TestMath;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TestMath {\n pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 {\n math::sqrt(x)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\nenum Error {\n EmptyArray = 100,\n}\n\ntrait Removable {\n fn remove(&mut self, index: usize);\n}\n\nimpl Removable for Var> {\n fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) {\n let env = self.env();\n let mut vec = self.get_or_default();\n if vec.is_empty() {\n env.revert(Error::EmptyArray);\n }\n vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env);\n self.set(vec);\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct TestArray {\n arr: Var>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TestArray {\n pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) {\n let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();\n for i in 0..3 {\n arr.push(i.into());\n }\n self.arr.set(arr);\n\n self.arr.remove(1);\n\n let arr = self.arr.get_or_default();\n assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2);\n assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into());\n assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into());\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/library/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/library/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\nlibrary Math {\n function sqrt(uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {\n if (y > 3) {\n z = y;\n uint256 x = y / 2 + 1;\n while (x < z) {\n z = x;\n x = (y / x + x) / 2;\n }\n } else if (y != 0) {\n z = 1;\n }\n // else z = 0 (default value)\n }\n}\n\ncontract TestMath {\n function testSquareRoot(uint256 x) public pure returns (uint256) {\n return Math.sqrt(x);\n }\n}\n\nlibrary Array {\n function remove(uint256[] storage arr, uint256 index) public {\n require(arr.length > 0, "Can\'t remove from empty array");\n arr[index] = arr[arr.length - 1];\n arr.pop();\n }\n}\n\ncontract TestArray {\n using Array for uint256[];\n\n uint256[] public arr;\n\n function testArrayRemove() public {\n for (uint256 i = 0; i < 3; i++) {\n arr.push(i);\n }\n\n arr.remove(1);\n\n assert(arr.length == 2);\n assert(arr[0] == 0);\n assert(arr[1] == 2);\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Math")," library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestMath")," contract calls the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sqrt")," function directly, while the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestArray")," contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"uint256[]")," by adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," function."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Removable")," trait for the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var>")," type allows the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," values."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"fallback-and-receive-functions"},"Fallback and Receive Functions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"receive()")," and/or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fallback()")," function. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"receive()")," function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fallback()")," function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"receive()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fallback()")," functions. Instead, you can define a function with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"miscellaneous"},"Miscellaneous"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"hashing"},"Hashing"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256},\n prelude::*,\n Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HashFunction;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HashFunction {\n pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] {\n let env = self.env();\n let mut data = Vec::new();\n data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n env.hash(data)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct GuessTheMagicWord {\n answer: Var<[u8; 32]>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl GuessTheMagicWord {\n /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.answer.set([\n 0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84,\n 0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55,\n 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08,\n ]);\n }\n\n /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word.\n pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool {\n let env = self.env();\n let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n hash == self.answer.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract HashFunction {\n function hash(string memory _text, uint256 _num, address _addr)\n public\n pure\n returns (bytes32)\n {\n return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_text, _num, _addr));\n }\n}\n\ncontract GuessTheMagicWord {\n bytes32 public answer =\n 0x60298f78cc0b47170ba79c10aa3851d7648bd96f2f8e46a19dbc777c36fb0c00;\n\n // Magic word is "Solidity"\n function guess(string memory _word) public view returns (bool) {\n return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_word)) == answer;\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"keccak256")," function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"env.hash()")," function is used, which implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blake2b")," algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"try-catch"},"Try-catch"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Example {\n other_contract: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Example {\n pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) {\n self.other_contract.set(other_contract);\n }\n\n pub fn execute_external_call(&self) {\n if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() {\n let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function();\n match result {\n Ok(success) => {\n // Code to execute if the external call was successful\n }\n Err(reason) => {\n // Code to execute if the external call failed\n }\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OtherContract;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OtherContract {\n pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result {\n Ok(true)\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Example {\n OtherContract otherContract;\n\n constructor(address _otherContractAddress) public {\n otherContract = OtherContract(_otherContractAddress);\n }\n\n function executeExternalCall() public {\n try otherContract.someFunction() returns (bool success) {\n // Code to execute if the external call was successful\n require(success, "Call failed");\n } catch Error(string memory reason) {\n // Code to execute if the external call failed with a revert reason\n // Optionally handle specific revert reasons\n emit LogErrorString(reason);\n } catch (bytes memory lowLevelData) {\n // Code to execute if the external call failed without a revert reason\n emit LogErrorBytes(lowLevelData);\n }\n }\n\n event LogErrorString(string reason);\n event LogErrorBytes(bytes lowLevelData);\n}\n\ncontract OtherContract {\n function someFunction() public returns (bool) {\n // Function logic\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try/catch")," is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try/catch")," statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try/catch")," statement in Solidity. However, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Result")," type to handle errors in a similar way. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Result")," type is an enum that represents either success (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ok"),") or failure (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Err"),"). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about the Odra Framework in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/basics"},"Basics")," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/advanced/"},"Advanced")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Learn by example with our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials"},"Tutorial")," series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20"},"Erc20")," standard implementation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3879932b.fed9f072.js b/docs/assets/js/3879932b.fed9f072.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3718b5fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3879932b.fed9f072.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[36578],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var c=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(c),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},l=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(r),f=o,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||d[f]||a;return r?n.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},l),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(m,i({ref:t},l))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>p});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},i="Odra framework",s={unversionedId:"intro",id:"version-0.9.0/intro",title:"Odra framework",description:"Odra Docs",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/intro.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:0,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",next:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/getting-started"}},c={image:r(57938).Z},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],l={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},l,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra framework"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network"},"Casper Network"),". Odra encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It's free and open source!"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example")," to find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},57938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/39d2189a.571d697d.js b/docs/assets/js/39d2189a.571d697d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16f252f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/39d2189a.571d697d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[76262],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,h=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},o="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperDeployer")," - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros.\nThe contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3ac77d2e.890d3613.js b/docs/assets/js/3ac77d2e.890d3613.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d11a7daa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3ac77d2e.890d3613.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[34627],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where\nthe contract is defined."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nname = "counter"\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3b67cac2.a2ccd153.js b/docs/assets/js/3b67cac2.a2ccd153.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81450162e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3b67cac2.a2ccd153.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[68800],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(n),m=r,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=c;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"version-0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control"},next:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read"}},i={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Event, OdraError};\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n PausedRequired = 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired = 1_001,\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n...\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Paused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausableCounter"),". The contract consists of a Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," and a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::SubModule;\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Var,\n pauseable: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n contract.increment();\n contract.pause();\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),\n Error::UnpausedRequired.into()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3bb5653d.b216ea79.js b/docs/assets/js/3bb5653d.b216ea79.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3b83b766 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3bb5653d.b216ea79.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[89167],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable,\n weight: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n walks: Variable>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Variable\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3c817d4f.360b4190.js b/docs/assets/js/3c817d4f.360b4190.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..524f7f86a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3c817d4f.360b4190.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62801],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var p=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(p),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},l=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(p.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(r),f=o,d=u["".concat(p,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||m[f]||a;return r?n.createElement(d,i(i({ref:t},l),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(d,i({ref:t},l))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var p in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,p)&&(s[p]=t[p]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var c=2;c{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={slug:"odra-cosmwasm",title:"Odra + CosmWasm",authors:["kpob"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},i=void 0,s={permalink:"/blog/odra-cosmwasm",source:"@site/blog/2023-02-15-odra-cosmos.md",title:"Odra + CosmWasm",description:"In November 2022 we released the first version of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.",date:"2023-02-15T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"February 15, 2023",tags:[],readingTime:5.96,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn",title:"Lead Developer",url:"https://github.com/kpob",key:"kpob"}],frontMatter:{slug:"odra-cosmwasm",title:"Odra + CosmWasm",authors:["kpob"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},prevItem:{title:"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra",permalink:"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra"},nextItem:{title:"EVM at Risc0",permalink:"/blog/evm-at-risc0"}},p={authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},c=[],l={toc:c};function m(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},l,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In November 2022 we released ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/blog/release-020"},"the first version")," of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. 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For testing purposes, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-test")," is also\nadded as a dev dependency."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"bin"},"bin/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live.\nYou don't need to modify those files, they are generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command and\nare used by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra schema")," commands."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3cbbe945.33998820.js b/docs/assets/js/3cbbe945.33998820.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3525429a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3cbbe945.33998820.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11961],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>h});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},l=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,l=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=d(n),h=a,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(h)]||u[h]||p[h]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},l),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,i({ref:t},l))}));function h(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=c;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>d});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},i="OdraVM",c={unversionedId:"backends/odra-vm",id:"version-0.9.1/backends/odra-vm",title:"OdraVM",description:"The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/backends/02-odra-vm.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/odra-vm",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"What is a backend?",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend"},next:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper"}},s={},d=[{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Architecture",id:"architecture",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],l={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},l,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odravm"},"OdraVM"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing\nthe code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the\nblockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time -\nsimply use your IDE's debug functionality."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," of the OdraVM."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain,\nthe OdraVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the OdraVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nOdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute is responsible for converting\nyour ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Container"),".\nWhen the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address.\nDuring the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code."),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[Contract Container];\n id2[Contract Container]--\x3eid3((Contract Registry))\n id3((Contract Registry))--\x3eid4[(OdraVM Execution)]"}))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3cdf4a35.cbdd8579.js b/docs/assets/js/3cdf4a35.cbdd8579.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7f10596f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3cdf4a35.cbdd8579.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63050],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=r,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=p;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var u=2;u{n.d(t,{Z:()=>i});var a=n(67294),r=n(86010);const s="tabItem_Ymn6";function i(e){let{children:t,hidden:n,className:i}=e;return a.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,r.Z)(s,i),hidden:n},t)}},74866:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>w});var a=n(87462),r=n(67294),s=n(86010),i=n(12466),o=n(16550),l=n(91980),u=n(67392),c=n(50012);function d(e){return function(e){return r.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,r.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}=e;return{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}))}function p(e){const{values:t,children:n}=e;return(0,r.useMemo)((()=>{const e=t??d(n);return function(e){const t=(0,u.l)(e,((e,t)=>e.value===t.value));if(t.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${t.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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r.createElement("div",{className:"margin-top--md"},n.map(((e,t)=>(0,r.cloneElement)(e,{key:t,hidden:e.props.value!==a}))))}function v(e){const t=y(e);return r.createElement("div",{className:(0,s.Z)("tabs-container",g)},r.createElement(_,(0,a.Z)({},e,t)),r.createElement(k,(0,a.Z)({},e,t)))}function w(e){const t=(0,b.Z)();return r.createElement(v,(0,a.Z)({key:String(t)},e))}},30127:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>u,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905)),s=n(74866),i=n(85162);const o={sidebar_position:7},l="Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",u={unversionedId:"tutorials/build-deploy-read",id:"version-1.0.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read",title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",description:"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/build-deploy-read",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ticketing System",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/nft"},next:{title:"Using Proxy Caller",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller"}},c={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:3},{value:"Deploying the contract",id:"deploying-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Storage Layout",id:"storage-layout",level:3},{value:"Reading the state",id:"reading-the-state",level:3}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"build-deploy-and-read-the-state-of-a-contract"},"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"../category/getting-started"},"Getting Started")," guide"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Get familiar with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.casper.network/developers/dapps/setup-nctl/"},"NCTL tutorial")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},"NCTL docker")," image"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/casper-client-rs"},"casper-client"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will expose two methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The constructor ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," which sets the metadata and the version of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The method ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_data")," which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=custom_item.rs showLineNumbers",title:"custom_item.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};\n\n// A custom type with a vector of another custom type\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\n// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CustomItem {\n version: Var,\n meta: Var,\n data: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CustomItem {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {\n let meta = Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices: vec![\n Price { value: price_1 },\n Price { value: price_2 }\n ]\n };\n self.meta.set(meta);\n self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);\n }\n\n pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {\n self.data.value.set(value);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);\n }\n}\n\n// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Data {\n value: Var,\n inner: SubModule,\n}\n\n// A submodule with a mapping\n#[odra::module]\nstruct InnerData {\n named_values: Mapping,\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"deploying-the-contract"},"Deploying the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra build -c custom_item \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Then, we can deploy the contract using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\\n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ \n --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\\n --payment-amount 100000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='My Name'\" \\\n --session-arg \"description:string='My Description'\" \\ \n --session-arg \"price_1:u256='101'\" \\\n --session-arg \"price_2:u256='202'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_data")," method to set the values of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ \n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ \n --payment-amount 2000000000 \\\n --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\\n --session-entry-point "set_data" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:\'666\'" \\\n --session-arg "name:string=\'alice\'" \\ \n --session-arg "name2:string=\'bob\'"\n')),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Storage Layout\n\nCustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1\n meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2\n data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011 3\n value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0011_0001 (3 << 4) + 1\n inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010 (3 << 4) + 2\n named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0011_0010_0001 ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The actual key is obtained as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Convert the index to a big-endian byte array."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Concatenate the index with the mapping data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In more detail, the storage layout is described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout article"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"reading-the-state"},"Reading the state"),(0,r.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=main.rs showLineNumbers",title:"main.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};\nuse casper_types::{\n bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},\n U256,\n};\n\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";\nconst NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";\nconst RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";\nconst DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\nasync fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec {\n let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n None,\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .state_root_hash\n .unwrap();\n\n // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.\n let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n state_root_hash,\n DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {\n key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),\n dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),\n dictionary_item_key: key,\n },\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .stored_value;\n\n // We expect the value to be a CLValue\n if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.\n cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()\n } else {\n vec![]\n }\n}\n\nasync fn metadata() -> Metadata {\n // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(2, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n\n let mut prices = vec![];\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for _ in 0..size {\n // Read the value and store the remaining bytes\n let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n bytes = rem;\n prices.push(Price { value });\n }\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices\n }\n}\n\nasync fn value() -> u32 {\n // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nasync fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {\n // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();\n let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {\n let mut key = Vec::new();\n key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());\n key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);\n let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);\n\n hex::encode(&hashed_key)\n}\n\nfn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {\n let mut result = [0u8; 32];\n let mut hasher = ::new(32)\n .expect("should create hasher");\n let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);\n blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)\n .expect("should copy hash to the result array");\n result\n}\n\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'cargo run\n[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {\n name: "My Contract",\n description: "My Description",\n prices: [\n Price {\n value: 123,\n },\n Price {\n value: 321,\n },\n ],\n}\n[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666\n[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20\n[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10\n'))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'\nimport { blake2bHex } from "blakejs";\nimport {\n CLList,\n CLListBytesParser,\n CLStringBytesParser,\n CLU256BytesParser,\n CLU32BytesParser,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n CasperServiceByJsonRPC,\n Contracts,\n ToBytes,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH = "hash-...";\nconst STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME = "state";\nconst U32_SIZE = 4;\n\nclass Price {\n value: bigint;\n\n constructor(value: bigint) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n}\n\nclass Metadata {\n name: string;\n description: string;\n prices: Price[];\n\n constructor(name: string, description: string, prices: Price[]) {\n this.name = name;\n this.description = description;\n this.prices = prices;\n }\n}\n\nexport class Contract {\n client: CasperClient;\n service: CasperServiceByJsonRPC;\n contract: Contracts.Contract;\n\n private constructor() {\n this.client = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.service = new CasperServiceByJsonRPC(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.contract = new Contracts.Contract(this.client);\n this.contract.setContractHash(CONTRACT_HASH);\n }\n\n static async load() {\n return new Contract();\n }\n\n async read_state(key: string) {\n const response = await this.contract.queryContractDictionary(STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME, key);\n let data: CLList = CLValueBuilder.list(response.value());\n let bytes = new CLListBytesParser().toBytes(data).unwrap();\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType\n return bytes.slice(4);\n }\n\n async metadata() {\n // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(key(2));\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let name = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = name.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let description = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = description.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n let prices: Price[] = [];\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let size = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = size.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for (let i = 0; i < size.result.unwrap().data.toNumber(); i++) {\n let price = new CLU256BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = price.remainder as Uint8Array;\n prices.push(new Price(price.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt()));\n }\n\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n return new Metadata(\n name.result.unwrap().data,\n description.result.unwrap().data,\n prices\n );\n }\n \n async value() {\n // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data\n const bytes = await this.read_state(key((3 << 4) + 1));\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n\n async named_value(name: string) {\n // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = new CLStringBytesParser()\n .toBytes(CLValueBuilder.string(name))\n .unwrap();\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(\n key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, mapping_data)\n );\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfunction key(idx: number, mapping_data: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([])) {\n let key = new Uint8Array(U32_SIZE + mapping_data.length);\n new DataView(key.buffer).setUint32(0, idx, false); // false for big-endian\n key.set(mapping_data, U32_SIZE);\n\n return blake2bHex(key, undefined, 32);\n}\n\nconst contract = Contract.load();\ncontract.then(async (c) => {\n console.log(await c.value());\n console.log(await c.metadata());\n console.log(await c.named_value("alice"));\n console.log(await c.named_value("bob"));\n});\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \nMetadata {\n name: 'My Contract',\n description: 'My Description',\n prices: [ Price { value: 123n }, Price { value: 321n } ]\n}\n666n\n20n\n10n\n")))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3ce92bbb.dc5e4bfc.js b/docs/assets/js/3ce92bbb.dc5e4bfc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b09944e89 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3ce92bbb.dc5e4bfc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[36323],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=a,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,s({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:13,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:13,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:13,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new attribute used here: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv::transfer_tokens()"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a function -\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::PublicWalletHostRef;\n use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3e0ea7e3.f809c5a5.js b/docs/assets/js/3e0ea7e3.f809c5a5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e9a998de --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3e0ea7e3.f809c5a5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[58406],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function i(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):i(i({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(t),m=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},i="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.8.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/advanced/02-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711379330,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 25, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/attributes"}},c={},l=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),": A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value.\nIn previous examples, the value of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type derived from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::OdraType"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Mappings {\n strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,\n tokens: Mapping\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Mappings {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {\n self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));\n opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Firstly, within a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you don't encapsulate the module with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Submodule"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Secondly, rather than utilizing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::module()"),", which returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n counter: Sequence,\n tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {\n let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.balance_of(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {\n let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.mint(amount, to);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3e663e98.6b0cdb10.js b/docs/assets/js/3e663e98.6b0cdb10.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2057e7cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3e663e98.6b0cdb10.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[29831],{3905:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(t,e,n){return e in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function o(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(a=a.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(t){for(var e=1;e=0||(r[n]=t[n]);return r}(t,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(t,n)&&(r[n]=t[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(t){var e=a.useContext(l),n=e;return t&&(n="function"==typeof t?t(e):s(s({},e),t)),n},p=function(t){var e=c(t.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},t.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(t){var e=t.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},e)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(t,e){var n=t.components,r=t.mdxType,o=t.originalType,l=t.parentName,p=i(t,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:e},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:e},p))}));function m(t,e){var n=arguments,r=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof t||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(i[l]=e[l]);i.originalType=t,i.mdxType="string"==typeof t?t:r,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"HostEnv",id:"hostenv",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(t){let{components:e,...n}=t;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{List, Var};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {\n name: "DogContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\nuse odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"super")," to import the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," from the parent module.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," are types that was generated for us by Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints)\nand implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.HostRef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostRef"))," trait. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait.\nConsidering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),".\nAll of those structs implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::InitArgs")," trait, required to conform to the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Deployer::deploy")," method signature. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other import is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::host::Deployer"),". This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract?\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer"))," trait, which provides the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"deploy")," method:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute are available to us:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn env() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract2".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert_ne!(creator, creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," instance using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_test::env()"),".\nNext, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::ContractEnv::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(&self, address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512")," - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64)")," - increases the current value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block_time")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address")," - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0-th account"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emitted_event(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool")," - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full list of functions can be found in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3e885f31.1bfb0a3a.js b/docs/assets/js/3e885f31.1bfb0a3a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2a44ddab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3e885f31.1bfb0a3a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[50568],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Casper Contract Schema",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n pub fn init(&self) {\n self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[odra::event]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To emit an event, we use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event")," function from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),", passing the event as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n});\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},'use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n test_env.emitted_event(\n party_contract.address(),\n &PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env.get_account(0),\n block_time: 0\n }\n );\n // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function\n test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");\n // You can also check how many events were emitted.\n assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To explore more event testing functions, check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3ec01721.3d462533.js b/docs/assets/js/3ec01721.3d462533.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c534c7147 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3ec01721.3d462533.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54938],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:12,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),' attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"important"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," type. This is a special type\nthat crates a keyspace (read more in ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),") and provide access to its public methods.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/examples/src/contracts/owned_token.rs"},"OwnedToken example")," in the main Odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::ModulesContractHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3edee900.6fc3a2e1.js b/docs/assets/js/3edee900.6fc3a2e1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..576813f4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3edee900.6fc3a2e1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[56010],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable,\n weight: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n walks: Variable>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Variable\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3eed3f1a.756bd337.js b/docs/assets/js/3eed3f1a.756bd337.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4b896252 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3eed3f1a.756bd337.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73362],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=a,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"Test env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Deployer",id:"deployer",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{Variable, List};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::DogContract3Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(module)]")," macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the\nVM:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test env"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::TestingContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_env() {\n let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert!(creator != creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::test_env::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/3f00e816.4afdd87b.js b/docs/assets/js/3f00e816.4afdd87b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..657c24d20 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/3f00e816.4afdd87b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[53227],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=o,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.6.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],u={toc:d};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow minting tokens but only the module owner."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::types::{Address, Balance}\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L11")," - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-L16")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L52")," - The same we do with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L61")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/40692c03.21673b4f.js b/docs/assets/js/40692c03.21673b4f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74974b637 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/40692c03.21673b4f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[86116],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:12,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),' attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"important"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," type. This is a special type\nthat crates a keyspace (read more in ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),") and provide access to its public methods.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/examples/src/contracts/owned_token.rs"},"OwnedToken example")," in the main Odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::ModulesContractHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/40b2cc78.3e3097c4.js b/docs/assets/js/40b2cc78.3e3097c4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a050ac17c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/40b2cc78.3e3097c4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99706],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,g=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.9.0/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},p=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-unknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --locked\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new folder called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src")," directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/41445f6c.a2ba707a.js b/docs/assets/js/41445f6c.a2ba707a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1aff09f63 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/41445f6c.a2ba707a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[78784],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Variable
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. 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If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To follow this guide, you should have:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Knowledge of Solidity."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hello-world"},"Hello World"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Let\'s start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message.'),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HelloWorld {\n greet: Var,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HelloWorld {\n pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) {\n self.greet.set(message);\n }\n\n pub fn get(&self) -> String {\n self.greet.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract HelloWorld {\n string public greet = "Hello World!";\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HelloWorld")," struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the greeting message and get to retrieve it.\nTwo key differences are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"To initialize values, you must do it in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable-storage-and-state-management"},"Variable Storage and State Management"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"data-types"},"Data Types"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use core::str::FromStr;\nuse odra::{\n casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256},\n module::Module,\n prelude::*,\n Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Primitives {\n boo: Var,\n u: Var, // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type\n u2: Var, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type\n i: Var, // i32 is the smallest signed integer type\n i2: Var, // i64 is the biggest signed integer type\n address: Var
,\n bytes: Var,\n default_boo: Var,\n default_uint: Var,\n default_int: Var,\n default_addr: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Primitives {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.boo.set(true);\n self.u.set(1);\n self.u2.set(U256::from(456));\n self.i.set(-1);\n self.i2.set(456);\n self.address.set(\n Address::from_str(\n "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb",\n )\n .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()),\n );\n self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5]));\n\n let _min_int = U256::zero();\n let _max_int = U256::MAX;\n }\n\n // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method\n pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool {\n self.default_boo.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 {\n self.default_uint.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 {\n self.default_int.get_or_default()\n }\n\n // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value\n pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address {\n self.default_addr.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/primitives/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/primitives/"'},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Primitives {\n bool public boo = true;\n\n uint8 public u8 = 1;\n uint256 public u256 = 456;\n\n int8 public i8 = -1;\n int256 public i256 = 456;\n\n int256 public minInt = type(int256).min;\n int256 public maxInt = type(int256).max;\n\n address public addr = 0xCA35b7d915458EF540aDe6068dFe2F44E8fa733c;\n bytes1 a = 0xb5; // [10110101]\n\n // Default values\n // Unassigned variables have a default value\n bool public defaultBoo; // false\n uint256 public defaultUint; // 0\n int256 public defaultInt; // 0\n address public defaultAddr; // 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u8"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u16"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u32"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"u64"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U128"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," for unsigned integers, and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"i32")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"i64")," for signed integers."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," type; the workaround is to use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Option
"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," type is used to store byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Values are stored in units called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Named Keys")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Dictionaries"),". Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"constants-and-immutability"},"Constants and Immutability"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Constants;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Constants {\n pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]);\n pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account(\n AccountHash([0u8; 32])\n );\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/constants/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/constants/"'},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Constants {\n // coding convention to uppercase constant variables\n address public constant MY_ADDRESS =\n 0x777788889999AaAAbBbbCcccddDdeeeEfFFfCcCc;\n uint256 public constant MY_UINT = 123;\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you can define constants using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"const")," keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"immutable")," keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"immutable")," keyword."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"variables"},"Variables"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Variables {\n text: Var,\n my_uint: Var,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Variables {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.text.set("Hello".to_string());\n self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123));\n }\n\n pub fn do_something(&self) {\n // Local variables\n let i = 456;\n // Env variables\n let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time();\n let sender = self.env().caller();\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/variables/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/variables/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Variables {\n // State variables are stored on the blockchain.\n string public text = "Hello";\n uint256 public num = 123;\n\n function doSomething() public {\n // Local variables are not saved to the blockchain.\n uint256 i = 456;\n\n // Here are some global variables\n uint256 timestamp = block.timestamp; // Current block timestamp\n address sender = msg.sender; // address of the caller\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv")," retrieved using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"env()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"arrays-and-mappings"},"Arrays and Mappings"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MappingContract {\n my_map: Mapping> \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MappingContract {\n pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 {\n // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option>\n // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option\n self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {\n self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i));\n }\n\n pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) {\n self.my_map.set(&addr, None);\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option> \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool {\n self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) {\n self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo));\n }\n\n pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {\n self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None);\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Mapping {\n mapping(address => uint256) public myMap;\n\n function get(address _addr) public view returns (uint256) {\n return myMap[_addr];\n }\n\n function set(address _addr, uint256 _i) public {\n myMap[_addr] = _i;\n }\n\n function remove(address _addr) public {\n delete myMap[_addr];\n }\n}\n\ncontract NestedMapping {\n mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => bool)) public nested;\n\n function get(address _addr1, uint256 _i) public view returns (bool) {\n return nested[_addr1][_i];\n }\n\n function set(address _addr1, uint256 _i, bool _boo) public {\n nested[_addr1][_i] = _boo;\n }\n\n function remove(address _addr1, uint256 _i) public {\n delete nested[_addr1][_i];\n }\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Array {\n // the size of the array must be known at compile time\n arr: Var<[u8; 10]>,\n vec: Var>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Array {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);\n self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);\n }\n\n pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] {\n self.arr.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) {\n let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();\n vec.push(value);\n self.vec.set(vec);\n }\n\n pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) {\n let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();\n vec.pop();\n self.vec.set(vec);\n }\n\n pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) {\n let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();\n arr[index as usize] = value;\n self.arr.set(arr);\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Array {\n // Several ways to initialize an array\n uint256[] public arr;\n uint256[] public arr2 = [1, 2, 3];\n // Fixed sized array, all elements initialize to 0\n uint256[10] public myFixedSizeArr;\n\n function get(uint256 i) public view returns (uint256) {\n return arr[i];\n }\n\n // Solidity can return the entire array.\n // But this function should be avoided for\n // arrays that can grow indefinitely in length.\n function getArr() public view returns (uint256[] memory) {\n return arr;\n }\n\n function push(uint256 i) public {\n // Append to array\n // This will increase the array length by 1.\n arr.push(i);\n }\n\n function pop() public {\n // Remove last element from array\n // This will decrease the array length by 1\n arr.pop();\n }\n\n function getLength() public view returns (uint256) {\n return arr.length;\n }\n\n function remove(uint256 index) public {\n // Delete does not change the array length.\n // It resets the value at index to it's default value,\n // in this case 0\n delete arr[index];\n }\n\n function examples() external {\n // create array in memory, only fixed size can be created\n uint256[] memory a = new uint256[](5);\n }\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," instead of an array or vector to store data."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom types"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, Var};\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\n#[derive(Default)]\npub enum Status {\n #[default]\n Pending,\n Shipped,\n Accepted,\n Rejected,\n Canceled,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Enum {\n status: Var,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Enum {\n pub fn get(&self) -> Status {\n self.status.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) {\n self.status.set(status);\n }\n\n pub fn cancel(&mut self) {\n self.status.set(Status::Canceled);\n }\n\n pub fn reset(&mut self) {\n self.status.set(Default::default());\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/enum/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/enum/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Enum {\n // Enum representing shipping status\n enum Status {\n Pending,\n Shipped,\n Accepted,\n Rejected,\n Canceled\n }\n\n // Default value is the first element listed in\n // definition of the type, in this case "Pending"\n Status public status;\n\n // Returns uint\n // Pending - 0\n // Shipped - 1\n // Accepted - 2\n // Rejected - 3\n // Canceled - 4\n function get() public view returns (Status) {\n return status;\n }\n\n function set(Status _status) public {\n status = _status;\n }\n\n function cancel() public {\n status = Status.Canceled;\n }\n\n // delete resets the enum to its first value, 0\n function reset() public {\n delete status;\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, custom types are defined using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[default]")," attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Default::default()")," function."),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, List};\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Todo {\n text: String,\n completed: bool,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Enum {\n // You could also use Var> instead of List,\n // but List is more efficient for large arrays,\n // it loads items lazily.\n todos: List,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Enum {\n pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) {\n self.todos.push(Todo {\n text,\n completed: false,\n });\n }\n\n pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) {\n if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {\n todo.text = text;\n self.todos.replace(index, todo);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) {\n if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {\n todo.completed = !todo.completed;\n self.todos.replace(index, todo);\n }\n }\n\n // Odra does not create getters by default\n pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option {\n self.todos.get(index)\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/structs/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/structs/"'},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Todos {\n struct Todo {\n string text;\n bool completed;\n }\n\n Todo[] public todos;\n\n function create(string calldata _text) public {\n todos.push(Todo(_text, false));\n }\n\n // Solidity automatically created a getter for 'todos' so\n // you don't actually need this function.\n function get(uint256 _index)\n public\n view\n returns (string memory text, bool completed)\n {\n Todo storage todo = todos[_index];\n return (todo.text, todo.completed);\n }\n\n function updateText(uint256 _index, string calldata _text) public {\n Todo storage todo = todos[_index];\n todo.text = _text;\n }\n\n function toggleCompleted(uint256 _index) public {\n Todo storage todo = todos[_index];\n todo.completed = !todo.completed;\n }\n}\n\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"data-location"},"Data Location"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"memory"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"calldata"),". In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),"), the data is stored in the contract's storage."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"functions"},"Functions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"impl Erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount);\n // Transfer logic goes here\n }\n\n fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n // Internal transfer logic goes here\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," function."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"view-and-pure"},"View and Pure"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ViewAndPure {\n x: Var \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ViewAndPure {\n pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 {\n self.x.get_or_default() + y\n }\n}\n\npub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 {\n i + j\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract ViewAndPure {\n uint256 public x = 1;\n\n // Promise not to modify the state.\n function addToX(uint256 y) public view returns (uint256) {\n return x + y;\n }\n\n // Promise not to modify or read from the state.\n function add(uint256 i, uint256 j) public pure returns (uint256) {\n return i + j;\n }\n}\n")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you don't need to specify ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"view")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pure")," functions explicitly. All functions are considered ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"view")," functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&mut self"),". If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"modifiers"},"Modifiers"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct FunctionModifier {\n x: Var,\n locked: Var, \n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl FunctionModifier {\n pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 {\n self.lock();\n self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i);\n\n if i > 1 {\n self.decrement(i - 1);\n }\n self.unlock();\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn lock(&mut self) {\n if self.locked.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert("No reentrancy");\n }\n\n self.locked.set(true);\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn unlock(&mut self) {\n self.locked.set(false);\n }\n}\n\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract FunctionModifier {\n uint256 public x = 10;\n bool public locked;\n\n modifier noReentrancy() {\n require(!locked, "No reentrancy");\n\n locked = true;\n _;\n locked = false;\n }\n\n function decrement(uint256 i) public noReentrancy {\n x -= i;\n\n if (i > 1) {\n decrement(i - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lock")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unlock")," functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[inline]")," attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"visibility"},"Visibility"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Functions can be declared as:"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"`pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call.\n`pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call.\n`default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function.\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"`public` - any contract and account can call.\n`private` - only inside the contract that defines the function.\n`internal` - only inside contract that inherits an internal function.\n`external` - only other contracts and accounts can call\n\nState variables can be declared as public, private, or internal but not external.\n")))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Payable {\n owner: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Payable {\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller());\n }\n\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&self) {\n }\n\n pub fn not_payable(&self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&self) {\n let amount = self.env().self_balance();\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount);\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Payable {\n // Payable address can send Ether via transfer or send\n address payable public owner;\n\n // Payable constructor can receive Ether\n constructor() payable {\n owner = payable(msg.sender);\n }\n\n // Function to deposit Ether into this contract.\n // Call this function along with some Ether.\n // The balance of this contract will be automatically updated.\n function deposit() public payable {}\n\n // Call this function along with some Ether.\n // The function will throw an error since this function is not payable.\n function notPayable() public {}\n\n // Function to withdraw all Ether from this contract.\n function withdraw() public {\n // get the amount of Ether stored in this contract\n uint256 amount = address(this).balance;\n\n // send all Ether to owner\n (bool success,) = owner.call{value: amount}("");\n require(success, "Failed to send Ether");\n }\n\n // Function to transfer Ether from this contract to address from input\n function transfer(address payable _to, uint256 _amount) public {\n // Note that "to" is declared as payable\n (bool success,) = _to.call{value: _amount}("");\n require(success, "Failed to send Ether");\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you can define a function with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"selectors"},"Selectors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'contract_addr.call(\n abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234)\n)\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"events-and-logging"},"Events and Logging"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::{prelude::*, Address};\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Log {\n sender: Address,\n message: String,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct AnotherLog {}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Event;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Event {\n pub fn test(&self) {\n let env = self.env();\n env.emit_event(Log {\n sender: env.caller(),\n message: "Hello World!".to_string(),\n });\n env.emit_event(Log {\n sender: env.caller(),\n message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(),\n });\n env.emit_event(AnotherLog {});\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/events/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/events/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Event {\n // Event declaration\n // Up to 3 parameters can be indexed.\n // Indexed parameters helps you filter the logs by the indexed parameter\n event Log(address indexed sender, string message);\n event AnotherLog();\n\n function test() public {\n emit Log(msg.sender, "Hello World!");\n emit Log(msg.sender, "Hello EVM!");\n emit AnotherLog();\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event()")," function, passing the event struct as an argument."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/events"},"Basics")," section.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"error-handling"},"Error Handling"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}};\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum CustomError {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InputLowerThanTen = 2,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Error;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Error {\n pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) {\n if i <= 10.into() {\n self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) {\n let balance = self.env().self_balance();\n if balance < withdraw_amount {\n self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/error/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/error/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Error {\n function testRequire(uint256 _i) public pure {\n // Require should be used to validate conditions such as:\n // - inputs\n // - conditions before execution\n // - return values from calls to other functions\n require(_i > 10, "Input must be greater than 10");\n }\n\n function testRevert(uint256 _i) public pure {\n // Revert is useful when the condition to check is complex.\n // This code does the exact same thing as the example above\n if (_i <= 10) {\n revert("Input must be greater than 10");\n }\n }\n\n uint256 public num;\n\n function testAssert() public view {\n // Assert should only be used to test for internal errors,\n // and to check invariants.\n\n // Here we assert that num is always equal to 0\n // since it is impossible to update the value of num\n assert(num == 0);\n }\n\n // custom error\n error InsufficientBalance(uint256 balance, uint256 withdrawAmount);\n\n function testCustomError(uint256 _withdrawAmount) public view {\n uint256 bal = address(this).balance;\n if (bal < _withdrawAmount) {\n revert InsufficientBalance({\n balance: bal,\n withdrawAmount: _withdrawAmount\n });\n }\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"require"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert"),", and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"env().revert()")," function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"composition-vs-inheritance"},"Composition vs. Inheritance"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra."),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},'use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct A;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl A {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n "A".to_string()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct B {\n a: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl B {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n "B".to_string()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct C {\n a: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl C {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n "C".to_string()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct D {\n b: SubModule,\n c: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl D {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n self.c.foo()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct E {\n b: SubModule,\n c: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl E {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n self.b.foo()\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct F {\n a: SubModule,\n b: SubModule,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl F {\n pub fn foo(&self) -> String {\n self.a.foo()\n }\n}\n'))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/inheritance/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/inheritance/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\n/* Graph of inheritance\n A\n / \\\n B C\n / \\ /\nF D,E\n*/\n\ncontract A {\n function foo() public pure virtual returns (string memory) {\n return "A";\n }\n}\n\n// Contracts inherit other contracts by using the keyword \'is\'.\ncontract B is A {\n // Override A.foo()\n function foo() public pure virtual override returns (string memory) {\n return "B";\n }\n}\n\ncontract C is A {\n // Override A.foo()\n function foo() public pure virtual override returns (string memory) {\n return "C";\n }\n}\n\n// Contracts can inherit from multiple parent contracts.\n// When a function is called that is defined multiple times in\n// different contracts, parent contracts are searched from\n// right to left, and in depth-first manner.\ncontract D is B, C {\n // D.foo() returns "C"\n // since C is the right most parent contract with function foo()\n function foo() public pure override(B, C) returns (string memory) {\n return super.foo();\n }\n}\n\ncontract E is C, B {\n // E.foo() returns "B"\n // since B is the right most parent contract with function foo()\n function foo() public pure override(C, B) returns (string memory) {\n return super.foo();\n }\n}\n\n// Inheritance must be ordered from \u201cmost base-like\u201d to \u201cmost derived\u201d.\n// Swapping the order of A and B will throw a compilation error.\ncontract F is A, B {\n function foo() public pure override(A, B) returns (string memory) {\n return super.foo();\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"libraries-and-utility"},"Libraries and Utility"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\nmod math {\n use odra::casper_types::U256;\n\n pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 {\n let mut z = y;\n if y > 3.into() {\n let mut x = y / 2 + 1;\n while x < z {\n z = x;\n x = (y / x + x) / 2;\n }\n } else if y != U256::zero() {\n z = U256::one();\n }\n z\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct TestMath;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TestMath {\n pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 {\n math::sqrt(x)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\nenum Error {\n EmptyArray = 100,\n}\n\ntrait Removable {\n fn remove(&mut self, index: usize);\n}\n\nimpl Removable for Var> {\n fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) {\n let env = self.env();\n let mut vec = self.get_or_default();\n if vec.is_empty() {\n env.revert(Error::EmptyArray);\n }\n vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env);\n self.set(vec);\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct TestArray {\n arr: Var>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TestArray {\n pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) {\n let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();\n for i in 0..3 {\n arr.push(i.into());\n }\n self.arr.set(arr);\n\n self.arr.remove(1);\n\n let arr = self.arr.get_or_default();\n assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2);\n assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into());\n assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into());\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/library/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/library/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\nlibrary Math {\n function sqrt(uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {\n if (y > 3) {\n z = y;\n uint256 x = y / 2 + 1;\n while (x < z) {\n z = x;\n x = (y / x + x) / 2;\n }\n } else if (y != 0) {\n z = 1;\n }\n // else z = 0 (default value)\n }\n}\n\ncontract TestMath {\n function testSquareRoot(uint256 x) public pure returns (uint256) {\n return Math.sqrt(x);\n }\n}\n\nlibrary Array {\n function remove(uint256[] storage arr, uint256 index) public {\n require(arr.length > 0, "Can\'t remove from empty array");\n arr[index] = arr[arr.length - 1];\n arr.pop();\n }\n}\n\ncontract TestArray {\n using Array for uint256[];\n\n uint256[] public arr;\n\n function testArrayRemove() public {\n for (uint256 i = 0; i < 3; i++) {\n arr.push(i);\n }\n\n arr.remove(1);\n\n assert(arr.length == 2);\n assert(arr[0] == 0);\n assert(arr[1] == 2);\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Math")," library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestMath")," contract calls the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sqrt")," function directly, while the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestArray")," contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"uint256[]")," by adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," function."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Removable")," trait for the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var>")," type allows the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," values."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"fallback-and-receive-functions"},"Fallback and Receive Functions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"receive()")," and/or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fallback()")," function. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"receive()")," function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fallback()")," function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"receive()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fallback()")," functions. Instead, you can define a function with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"miscellaneous"},"Miscellaneous"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"hashing"},"Hashing"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256},\n prelude::*,\n Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HashFunction;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HashFunction {\n pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] {\n let env = self.env();\n let mut data = Vec::new();\n data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n env.hash(data)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct GuessTheMagicWord {\n answer: Var<[u8; 32]>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl GuessTheMagicWord {\n /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.answer.set([\n 0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84,\n 0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55,\n 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08,\n ]);\n }\n\n /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word.\n pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool {\n let env = self.env();\n let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));\n hash == self.answer.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract HashFunction {\n function hash(string memory _text, uint256 _num, address _addr)\n public\n pure\n returns (bytes32)\n {\n return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_text, _num, _addr));\n }\n}\n\ncontract GuessTheMagicWord {\n bytes32 public answer =\n 0x60298f78cc0b47170ba79c10aa3851d7648bd96f2f8e46a19dbc777c36fb0c00;\n\n // Magic word is "Solidity"\n function guess(string memory _word) public view returns (bool) {\n return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_word)) == answer;\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"keccak256")," function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"env.hash()")," function is used, which implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blake2b")," algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"try-catch"},"Try-catch"),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Odra",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Example {\n other_contract: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Example {\n pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) {\n self.other_contract.set(other_contract);\n }\n\n pub fn execute_external_call(&self) {\n if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() {\n let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function();\n match result {\n Ok(success) => {\n // Code to execute if the external call was successful\n }\n Err(reason) => {\n // Code to execute if the external call failed\n }\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OtherContract;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OtherContract {\n pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result {\n Ok(true)\n }\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{value:"sol",label:"Solidity",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sol",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"https://solidity-by-example.org/hashing/"'},'// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.24;\n\ncontract Example {\n OtherContract otherContract;\n\n constructor(address _otherContractAddress) public {\n otherContract = OtherContract(_otherContractAddress);\n }\n\n function executeExternalCall() public {\n try otherContract.someFunction() returns (bool success) {\n // Code to execute if the external call was successful\n require(success, "Call failed");\n } catch Error(string memory reason) {\n // Code to execute if the external call failed with a revert reason\n // Optionally handle specific revert reasons\n emit LogErrorString(reason);\n } catch (bytes memory lowLevelData) {\n // Code to execute if the external call failed without a revert reason\n emit LogErrorBytes(lowLevelData);\n }\n }\n\n event LogErrorString(string reason);\n event LogErrorBytes(bytes lowLevelData);\n}\n\ncontract OtherContract {\n function someFunction() public returns (bool) {\n // Function logic\n }\n}\n')))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Solidity, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try/catch")," is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try/catch")," statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try/catch")," statement in Solidity. However, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Result")," type to handle errors in a similar way. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Result")," type is an enum that represents either success (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ok"),") or failure (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Err"),"). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about the Odra Framework in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/basics"},"Basics")," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/advanced/"},"Advanced")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Learn by example with our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials"},"Tutorial")," series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/tutorials/erc20"},"Erc20")," standard implementation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/42407bf6.db5ee144.js b/docs/assets/js/42407bf6.db5ee144.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2af83ed58 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/42407bf6.db5ee144.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[65185],{46064:a=>{a.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Building contracts manually","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4279e616.278554fc.js b/docs/assets/js/4279e616.278554fc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81246a8e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4279e616.278554fc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[12890],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var c=n.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=n.useContext(c),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return n.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(r),f=o,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||a;return r?n.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},i="Odra framework",s={unversionedId:"intro",id:"version-0.5.0/intro",title:"Odra framework",description:"Odra Docs",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/intro.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:0,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",next:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/getting-started"}},c={image:r(76054).Z},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra framework"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open\nsource."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it\nby abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system,\nstorage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization\nto the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this\necosystem."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),"\nto find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},76054:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/42eeae87.4940915b.js b/docs/assets/js/42eeae87.4940915b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d98101e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/42eeae87.4940915b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95866],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var l=n.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},p=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||a;return r?n.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:u};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to a macro ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),'. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: MathEngine,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use super::ModulesContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/42fe661b.d2261711.js b/docs/assets/js/42fe661b.d2261711.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..259b15379 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/42fe661b.d2261711.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[30800],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where\nthe contract is defined."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nname = "counter"\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/43e47b8e.4d3a14c0.js b/docs/assets/js/43e47b8e.4d3a14c0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3055b835a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/43e47b8e.4d3a14c0.js @@ -0,0 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testing",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/backends/02-mock-vm.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/mock-vm",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"What is a backend?",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"},next:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper"}},s={},l=[{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Architecture",id:"architecture",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"mockvm"},"MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing\nthe code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the\nblockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"MockVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),".\nEach time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," of the MockVM."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain,\nthe MockVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the MockVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nMockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the MockVM backend is enabled, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro is responsible for converting\nyour ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container.\nWhen the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address.\nDuring the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code."),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[Contract Container];\n id2[Contract Container]--\x3eid3((Contract Registry))\n id3((Contract Registry))--\x3eid4[(MockVM Execution)]"}))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/443d45d4.a66dbfe2.js b/docs/assets/js/443d45d4.a66dbfe2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..325773ff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/443d45d4.a66dbfe2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[88932],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return 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s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=c;var l={};for(var u in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,u)&&(l[u]=t[u]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var i=2;i{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>i});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"version-0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/access-control"},next:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read"}},u={},i=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],d={toc:i};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n PausedRequired = 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired = 1_001,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n...\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Paused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausableCounter"),". The contract consists of a Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," and a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::SubModule;\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Var,\n pauseable: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n contract.increment();\n contract.pause();\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),\n Error::UnpausedRequired.into()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/448060b1.f426f77e.js b/docs/assets/js/448060b1.f426f77e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60230371d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/448060b1.f426f77e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62081],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},f=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),f=p(n),d=a,m=f["".concat(s,".").concat(d)]||f[d]||u[d]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=f;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.4.0/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/getting-started/flipper.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/flipper",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Installation",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation"},next:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/basics"}},s={},p=[{value:"Let's flip",id:"lets-flip",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-example"},"Flipper example"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial, you should have this file already at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For further explanation of how this code works, see ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"lets-flip"},"Let's flip"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs" showLineNumbers',title:'"flipper.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Variable;\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/452b335c.ec234700.js b/docs/assets/js/452b335c.ec234700.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e035cfcf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/452b335c.ec234700.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[91802],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),d=o,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||p[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Var,\n created_at: Var,\n created_by: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()"),". It is an implementation of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/module/trait.Module.html#tymehtod.env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Module::env()")),", autogenerated\nby ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The function returns a reference to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/struct.ContractEnv.html"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," (you can read more in\nthe ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Backend section")),"). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we use two of them:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_block_time()")," - returns the current block time as u64. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller()")," - returns an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/45990ab7.bc27b658.js b/docs/assets/js/45990ab7.bc27b658.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7cf60ae4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/45990ab7.bc27b658.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[18088],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.3.1/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/backends/mock-vm"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/examples"}},l={},c=[{value:"Types",id:"types",level:2},{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Constructors",id:"constructors",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"types"},"Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be written into the storage must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait OdraType: \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other exposed types are:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CallArgs")," - wraps around casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"RuntimeArgs")),";"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - U512 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - u64 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," - an enum that encapsulates casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/account/struct.AccountHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"AccountHash"))," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractPackageHash")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"constructors"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\nstruct Counter {\n value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about constructors ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes#init"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"constructor")," argument with a value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"initialize")," - this represents the name of the constructor function. Additionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "constructor:string:\'initialize\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/46da96af.e337d27c.js b/docs/assets/js/46da96af.e337d27c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f4d9741d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/46da96af.e337d27c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[41563],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract.\nThe last segment of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will\nbe in the above case named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/46ef55c5.cd37fe24.js b/docs/assets/js/46ef55c5.cd37fe24.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7990fdb3f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/46ef55c5.cd37fe24.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[89561],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.9.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.9.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "0.9.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = "0.9.0"\nodra-modules = "0.9.0"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra repository"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/473b33d6.586ce226.js b/docs/assets/js/473b33d6.586ce226.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d587c29ef --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/473b33d6.586ce226.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[34050],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>h});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),h=a,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(h)]||u[h]||p[h]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function h(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},i="MockVM",c={unversionedId:"backends/mock-vm",id:"version-0.6.0/backends/mock-vm",title:"MockVM",description:"The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/backends/02-mock-vm.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/mock-vm",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"What is a backend?",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"},next:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper"}},s={},l=[{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Architecture",id:"architecture",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"mockvm"},"MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing\nthe code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the\nblockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"MockVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),".\nEach time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," of the MockVM."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain,\nthe MockVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the MockVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nMockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the MockVM backend is enabled, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro is responsible for converting\nyour ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container.\nWhen the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address.\nDuring the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code."),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[Contract Container];\n id2[Contract Container]--\x3eid3((Contract Registry))\n id3((Contract Registry))--\x3eid4[(MockVM Execution)]"}))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4760a525.da688a97.js b/docs/assets/js/4760a525.da688a97.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8477b267 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4760a525.da688a97.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[84062],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Loading the contract",id:"loading-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\n MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To perform a cross-contact call, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostRef")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article - a host side reference to already deployed contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the module context we use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractRef")," instead, to call other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," is generated automatically,\nby the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc, address: Address)"),", as shown above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address()")," function, which returns the address of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderContractRef")," struct (and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderHostRef")," to be used in tests, but do not implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer")," trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"loading-the-contract"},"Loading the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test\nour contracts in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet"},"Livenet")," backend. We can load the contract using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"load")," method on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"',title:'"examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"'},'fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {\n let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n ::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_cross_calls() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let init_args = CrossContractInitArgs {\n math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()\n };\n let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that we intend to utilize."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);\n *contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/481896f1.fda457f3.js b/docs/assets/js/481896f1.fda457f3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db06f167b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/481896f1.fda457f3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[40906],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),' attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"important"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," type. This is a special type\nthat crates a keyspace (read more in ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),") and provide access to its public methods.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.1/examples/src/contracts/owned_token.rs"},"OwnedToken example")," in the main Odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::ModulesContractHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/48d43fc1.7508dbb8.js b/docs/assets/js/48d43fc1.7508dbb8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd52f4673 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/48d43fc1.7508dbb8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[96611],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},i="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/docs/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The function named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function is optional,\nif your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html#tymethod.deploy"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer::deploy"))," function called on ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperHostRef")," - a piece of code generated\nby the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),". Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments,\nas the second argument of the deploy function, we pass ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"NoArgs")," - one of the implementations of\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait provided with the framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4913a3b5.3ce4fa7d.js b/docs/assets/js/4913a3b5.3ce4fa7d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9da8dfe0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4913a3b5.3ce4fa7d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[36653],{11837:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"pluginId":"default","version":"0.9.1","label":"0.9.1","banner":"unmaintained","badge":true,"noIndex":false,"className":"docs-version-0.9.1","isLast":false,"docsSidebars":{"tutorialSidebar":[{"type":"link","label":"Odra 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This is a special type\nthat crates a keyspace (read more in ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),") and provide access to its public methods.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/examples/src/contracts/owned_token.rs"},"OwnedToken example")," in the main Odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::ModulesContractHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4cd738bd.ccbc4af1.js b/docs/assets/js/4cd738bd.ccbc4af1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d32015174 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4cd738bd.ccbc4af1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[78322],{84876:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. 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Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4da81bc4.a67502da.js b/docs/assets/js/4da81bc4.a67502da.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef394e5a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4da81bc4.a67502da.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[30663],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(t),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.6.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}\n};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(*owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: *owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(*new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4da873a0.a57433e3.js b/docs/assets/js/4da873a0.a57433e3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9eafc0f7d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4da873a0.a57433e3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[19431],{3905:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(t,e,n){return e in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function o(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(a=a.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(t){for(var e=1;e=0||(r[n]=t[n]);return r}(t,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(t,n)&&(r[n]=t[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(t){var e=a.useContext(l),n=e;return t&&(n="function"==typeof t?t(e):s(s({},e),t)),n},p=function(t){var e=c(t.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},t.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(t){var e=t.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},e)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(t,e){var n=t.components,r=t.mdxType,o=t.originalType,l=t.parentName,p=i(t,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:e},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:e},p))}));function m(t,e){var n=arguments,r=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof t||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(i[l]=e[l]);i.originalType=t,i.mdxType="string"==typeof t?t:r,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"HostEnv",id:"hostenv",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(t){let{components:e,...n}=t;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{List, Var};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {\n name: "DogContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\nuse odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"super")," to import the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," from the parent module.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," are types that was generated for us by Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints)\nand implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.HostRef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostRef"))," trait. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait.\nConsidering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),".\nAll of those structs implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::InitArgs")," trait, required to conform to the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Deployer::deploy")," method signature. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other import is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::host::Deployer"),". This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract?\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer"))," trait, which provides the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"deploy")," method:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute are available to us:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn env() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract2".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert_ne!(creator, creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," instance using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_test::env()"),".\nNext, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::ContractEnv::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(&self, address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512")," - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64)")," - increases the current value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block_time")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address")," - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0-th account"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emitted_event(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool")," - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full list of functions can be found in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4dd99f24.d76438ac.js b/docs/assets/js/4dd99f24.d76438ac.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..241db58cc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4dd99f24.d76438ac.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62082],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=r,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=p;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var u=2;u{n.d(t,{Z:()=>i});var a=n(67294),r=n(86010);const s="tabItem_Ymn6";function i(e){let{children:t,hidden:n,className:i}=e;return a.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,r.Z)(s,i),hidden:n},t)}},74866:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>w});var a=n(87462),r=n(67294),s=n(86010),i=n(12466),o=n(16550),l=n(91980),u=n(67392),c=n(50012);function d(e){return function(e){return r.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,r.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}=e;return{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}))}function p(e){const{values:t,children:n}=e;return(0,r.useMemo)((()=>{const e=t??d(n);return function(e){const t=(0,u.l)(e,((e,t)=>e.value===t.value));if(t.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${t.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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state.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/build-deploy-read",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable"},next:{title:"Migrations",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/migrations"}},c={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:3},{value:"Deploying the contract",id:"deploying-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Storage Layout",id:"storage-layout",level:3},{value:"Reading the state",id:"reading-the-state",level:3}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"build-deploy-and-read-the-state-of-a-contract"},"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"../category/getting-started"},"Getting Started")," guide"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Get familiar with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.casper.network/developers/dapps/setup-nctl/"},"NCTL tutorial")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},"NCTL docker")," image"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/casper-client-rs"},"casper-client"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will expose two methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The constructor ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," which sets the metadata and the version of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The method ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_data")," which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=custom_item.rs showLineNumbers",title:"custom_item.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, OdraType, SubModule, Var};\n\n// A custom type with a vector of another custom type\n#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\n// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CustomItem {\n version: Var,\n meta: Var,\n data: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CustomItem {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {\n let meta = Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices: vec![\n Price { value: price_1 },\n Price { value: price_2 }\n ]\n };\n self.meta.set(meta);\n self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);\n }\n\n pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {\n self.data.value.set(value);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);\n }\n}\n\n// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Data {\n value: Var,\n inner: SubModule,\n}\n\n// A submodule with a mapping\n#[odra::module]\nstruct InnerData {\n named_values: Mapping,\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"deploying-the-contract"},"Deploying the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra build -c custom_item \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Then, we can deploy the contract using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\\n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ \n --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\\n --payment-amount 100000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='My Name'\" \\\n --session-arg \"description:string='My Description'\" \\ \n --session-arg \"price_1:u256='101'\" \\\n --session-arg \"price_2:u256='202'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_data")," method to set the values of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ \n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ \n --payment-amount 2000000000 \\\n --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\\n --session-entry-point "set_data" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:\'666\'" \\\n --session-arg "name:string=\'alice\'" \\ \n --session-arg "name2:string=\'bob\'"\n')),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Storage Layout\n\nCustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1\n data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4)\n value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) + 0\n inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4\n named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The actual key is obtained as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Convert the index to a big-endian byte array."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Concatenate the index with the mapping data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In more detail, the storage layout is described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout article"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"reading-the-state"},"Reading the state"),(0,r.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=main.rs showLineNumbers",title:"main.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};\nuse casper_types::{\n bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},\n U256,\n};\n\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";\nconst NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";\nconst RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";\nconst DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\nasync fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec {\n let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n None,\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .state_root_hash\n .unwrap();\n\n // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.\n let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n state_root_hash,\n DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {\n key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),\n dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),\n dictionary_item_key: key,\n },\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .stored_value;\n\n // We expect the value to be a CLValue\n if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.\n cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()\n } else {\n vec![]\n }\n}\n\nasync fn metadata() -> Metadata {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(1, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n\n let mut prices = vec![];\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for _ in 0..size {\n // Read the value and store the remaining bytes\n let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n bytes = rem;\n prices.push(Price { value });\n }\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices\n }\n}\n\nasync fn value() -> u32 {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nasync fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();\n let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {\n let mut key = Vec::new();\n key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());\n key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);\n let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);\n\n hex::encode(&hashed_key)\n}\n\nfn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {\n let mut result = [0u8; 32];\n let mut hasher = ::new(32)\n .expect("should create hasher");\n let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);\n blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)\n .expect("should copy hash to the result array");\n result\n}\n\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'cargo run\n[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {\n name: "My Contract",\n description: "My Description",\n prices: [\n Price {\n value: 123,\n },\n Price {\n value: 321,\n },\n ],\n}\n[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666\n[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20\n[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10\n'))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'\nimport { blake2bHex } from "blakejs";\nimport {\n CLList,\n CLListBytesParser,\n CLStringBytesParser,\n CLU256BytesParser,\n CLU32BytesParser,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n CasperServiceByJsonRPC,\n Contracts,\n ToBytes,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH = "hash-...";\nconst STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME = "state";\nconst U32_SIZE = 4;\n\nclass Price {\n value: bigint;\n\n constructor(value: bigint) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n}\n\nclass Metadata {\n name: string;\n description: string;\n prices: Price[];\n\n constructor(name: string, description: string, prices: Price[]) {\n this.name = name;\n this.description = description;\n this.prices = prices;\n }\n}\n\nexport class Contract {\n client: CasperClient;\n service: CasperServiceByJsonRPC;\n contract: Contracts.Contract;\n\n private constructor() {\n this.client = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.service = new CasperServiceByJsonRPC(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.contract = new Contracts.Contract(this.client);\n this.contract.setContractHash(CONTRACT_HASH);\n }\n\n static async load() {\n return new Contract();\n }\n\n async read_state(key: string) {\n const response = await this.contract.queryContractDictionary(STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME, key);\n let data: CLList = CLValueBuilder.list(response.value());\n let bytes = new CLListBytesParser().toBytes(data).unwrap();\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType\n return bytes.slice(4);\n }\n\n async metadata() {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(key(1));\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let name = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = name.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let description = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = description.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n let prices: Price[] = [];\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let size = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = size.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for (let i = 0; i < size.result.unwrap().data.toNumber(); i++) {\n let price = new CLU256BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = price.remainder as Uint8Array;\n prices.push(new Price(price.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt()));\n }\n\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n return new Metadata(\n name.result.unwrap().data,\n description.result.unwrap().data,\n prices\n );\n }\n \n async value() {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n const bytes = await this.read_state(key((2 << 4) + 0));\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n\n async named_value(name: string) {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = new CLStringBytesParser()\n .toBytes(CLValueBuilder.string(name))\n .unwrap();\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(\n key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, mapping_data)\n );\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfunction key(idx: number, mapping_data: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([])) {\n let key = new Uint8Array(U32_SIZE + mapping_data.length);\n new DataView(key.buffer).setUint32(0, idx, false); // false for big-endian\n key.set(mapping_data, U32_SIZE);\n\n return blake2bHex(key, undefined, 32);\n}\n\nconst contract = Contract.load();\ncontract.then(async (c) => {\n console.log(await c.value());\n console.log(await c.metadata());\n console.log(await c.named_value("alice"));\n console.log(await c.named_value("bob"));\n});\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \nMetadata {\n name: 'My Contract',\n description: 'My Description',\n prices: [ Price { value: 123n }, Price { value: 321n } ]\n}\n666n\n20n\n10n\n")))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4e50b37d.caab9145.js b/docs/assets/js/4e50b37d.caab9145.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..603be1a85 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4e50b37d.caab9145.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[71588],{64570:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4e69c95d.6f130810.js b/docs/assets/js/4e69c95d.6f130810.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c6e7cedb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4e69c95d.6f130810.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[60],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),d=o,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||p[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, module::Module, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Var,\n created_at: Var,\n created_by: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()"),". It is an implementation of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/module/trait.Module.html#tymehtod.env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Module::env()")),", autogenerated\nby ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. The function returns a reference to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/struct.ContractEnv.html"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," (you can read more in\nthe ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Backend section")),"). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we use two of them:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_block_time()")," - returns the current block time as u64. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller()")," - returns an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/4f40819b.7895a349.js b/docs/assets/js/4f40819b.7895a349.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01e1aa7b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/4f40819b.7895a349.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[20874],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing\nOdra Events. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::{Event, contract_env};\nuse odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract {\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&self) {\n PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n }.emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, we derive an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Event")," macro like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Among other things, it adds an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit()")," function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply\nas that:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n}.emit();\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a handy macro ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\nuse crate::features::events::PartyStarted;\nuse super::PartyContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();\n assert_events!(\n party_contract,\n PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env::get_account(0),\n block_time: 0,\n }\n );\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/509c4227.d8458b40.js b/docs/assets/js/509c4227.d8458b40.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4758eeb60 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/509c4227.d8458b40.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[50723],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),d=o,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/host.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/host.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable,\n created_at: Variable,\n created_by: Variable
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_block_time()")," will return\nthe current block time wrapped in Odra type ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"BlockTime"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()")," will return an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," of\na caller (this can be an external caller or another contract)."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/51652154.1dd53f3b.js b/docs/assets/js/51652154.1dd53f3b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c673d96b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/51652154.1dd53f3b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[16952],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(t),m=o,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-1.0.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow only the module owner to mint tokens."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L10")," - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13-L15")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-L51")," - The same is done with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L57-L60")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is indeed the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/51bf83ad.a7f729c4.js b/docs/assets/js/51bf83ad.a7f729c4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2231511e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/51bf83ad.a7f729c4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[87127],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(t),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.4.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}\n};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(*owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: *owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(*new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5326f0ca.9b6d5c53.js b/docs/assets/js/5326f0ca.9b6d5c53.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c1e3a8ff --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5326f0ca.9b6d5c53.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[1378],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return 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o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.9.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.9.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "0.9.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = "0.9.0"\nodra-modules = "0.9.0"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra repository"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/53726ad7.78d3fcb6.js b/docs/assets/js/53726ad7.78d3fcb6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c56735b7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/53726ad7.78d3fcb6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[82288],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function a(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var i=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):a(a({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(f,a(a({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,a({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var s=n.length,a=new Array(s);a[0]=p;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,a[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},a="Modules",l={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/native-token"}},i={},c=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to a macro ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),'. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/modules.rs"'},"use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: MathEngine,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/modules.rs"'},"use super::ModulesContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/54d8e0e1.12ac30d3.js b/docs/assets/js/54d8e0e1.12ac30d3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a67d4908 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/54d8e0e1.12ac30d3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[18914],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},u=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},c),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/events"}},l={},p=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error)]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Var,\n owner: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet = 1,\n NotAnOwner = 2\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To register errors, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"errors")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An error should be a field-less enum. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The enum must be annotated with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Avoid implicit discriminants.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};\n use odra::host::Deployer;\n use odra::prelude::*;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_owner_error() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let owner = test_env.get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);\n\n test_env.set_caller(owner);\n let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {\n name: "OwnedContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);\n assert_eq!(\n owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),\n Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," has ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_{{entry_point_name}}")," functions that return an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult")),".\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractHostRef")," implements regular entrypoints: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),", and\nand safe its safe version: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we are calling ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name")," and expecting an error to be thrown.\nFor assertions, we are using a standard ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro. As the contract call returns an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError"),",\nwe need to convert our custom error to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Into::into()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/54dbc4b0.35d4cae9.js b/docs/assets/js/54dbc4b0.35d4cae9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..865b52f7d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/54dbc4b0.35d4cae9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99186],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var c=n.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=n.useContext(c),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return n.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(r),f=o,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||a;return r?n.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},i="Odra framework",s={unversionedId:"intro",id:"version-0.6.0/intro",title:"Odra framework",description:"Odra Docs",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/intro.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:0,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",next:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/getting-started"}},c={image:r(20764).Z},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra framework"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open\nsource."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it\nby abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system,\nstorage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization\nto the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this\necosystem."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),"\nto find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},20764:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/54f44165.222c4c99.js b/docs/assets/js/54f44165.222c4c99.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7dcc33263 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/54f44165.222c4c99.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[40152],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,g=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/docs/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/next/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1707130258,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 5, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/next/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},p=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-unknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --locked\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new folder called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src")," directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/55362a87.b8f3b75c.js b/docs/assets/js/55362a87.b8f3b75c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d1b8c93f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/55362a87.b8f3b75c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59616],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(t),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.3.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}\n};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(*owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: *owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(*new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/558ac3fc.f85ab1c2.js b/docs/assets/js/558ac3fc.f85ab1c2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbcff0e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/558ac3fc.f85ab1c2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59654],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>g});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=l(n),g=a,f=d["".concat(c,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||p[g]||s;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function g(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(o[c]=t[c]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=o;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={},i="Signatures",o={unversionedId:"advanced/signatures",id:"version-0.5.0/advanced/signatures",title:"Signatures",description:"As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/advanced/05-signatures.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/signatures",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/signatures",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/backends"}},c={},l=[{value:"Signature verification",id:"signature-verification",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"ECRecover",id:"ecrecover",level:2}],u={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"signatures"},"Signatures"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs,\nOdra Framework provides a generic function for signature verification inside the contract context.\nThanks to this, you can write your code once, without worrying about underlying cryptography."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"signature-verification"},"Signature verification"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Signature verification is conducted by a function in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub fn verify_signature(message: &Bytes, signature: &Bytes, public_key: &PublicKey) -> bool;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here's the simplest example of this function used in a contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl SignatureVerifier {\n pub fn verify_signature(\n &self,\n message: &Bytes,\n signature: &Bytes,\n public_key: &PublicKey\n ) -> bool {\n contract_env::verify_signature(message, signature, public_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides the above function in the contract context, Odra provides corresponding functions in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub fn sign_message(message: &Bytes, address: &Address) -> Bytes;\n\npub fn public_key(address: &Address) -> PublicKey;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sign_message")," will return a signed message. The signing itself will be performed using a private key\nof an account behind the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"public_key")," returns the PublicKey of an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"address")," account."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to those, you can write generic tests, that will work with all backends, despite differences\nin signature schemes they use."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},'#[test]\nfn signature_verification_works() {\n let message = "Message to be signed";\n let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());\n let account = test_env::get_account(0);\n\n let signature = test_env::sign_message(message_bytes, &account);\n\n let public_key = test_env::public_key(&account);\n\n let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();\n assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, &signature, &public_key));\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want, you can also test signatures that were created outside Odra.\nHowever, you will need to prepare separate tests for each backend:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},'/// The following test checks that the signature verification works with the signature produced\n/// by the casper wallet.\n#[test]\n#[cfg(feature = "casper")]\nfn verify_signature_casper_wallet() {\n use odra::casper::casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes;\n // Casper Wallet for the message "Ahoj przygodo!" signed using SECP256K1 key\n // produces the following signature:\n // 1e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa\n // Casper Wallet adds "Casper Message:\\n" prefix to the message:\n let message = "Casper Message:\\nAhoj przygodo!";\n let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());\n\n // Depending on the type of the key, we need to prefix the signature with a tag:\n // 0x01 for ED25519\n // 0x02 for SECP256K1\n let signature_hex = "021e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa";\n let signature: [u8; 65] = hex::decode(signature_hex).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();\n let signature_bytes = &Bytes::from(signature.to_vec());\n\n // Similar to the above, the public key is tagged:\n let public_key_hex = "02036d9b880e44254afaf34330e57703a63aec53b5918d4470059b67a4a906350105";\n let public_key_decoded = hex::decode(public_key_hex).unwrap();\n let (public_key, _) = odra::casper::casper_types::crypto::PublicKey::from_bytes(\n public_key_decoded.as_slice()\n )\n .unwrap();\n\n let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();\n assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, signature_bytes, &public_key));\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"ecrecover"},"ECRecover"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra-proposal#odra-standard-library"},"Odra Standard Library"),"\npart of the original Odra Proposal mentioned ECRecover as one of the functions that will be\nimplemented by the Odra Framework. We decided to add signatures verification instead."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The reasoning behind this decision is that the ECRecover works only with one type of signature.\nOdra tries to be backend-agnostic, which implies that it should also be signature-type-agnostic.\nThis was possible to achieve when implementing generic signature verification, but not with ECRecover."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In short, the implementation of ECRecover would not depend on the backend, pushing it into some kind of\nutils library, and those already exist, for example in\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/secp256k1_recover/index.html#"},"solana_program"),"\ncrate."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/56296f23.be1c8e52.js b/docs/assets/js/56296f23.be1c8e52.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c15a7e6ba --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/56296f23.be1c8e52.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[41577],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var i=n.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=n.useContext(i),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return n.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},p=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(a),m=r,h=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,l(l({ref:t},d),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,l({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(s[i]=t[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=s;for(var u=2;u{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>u});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={},l="Module Composer",s={unversionedId:"advanced/composer",id:"version-0.4.0/advanced/composer",title:"Module Composer",description:"The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/advanced/01-composer.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/composer",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/composer",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/delegate"}},i={},u=[{value:"Conceptual Overview",id:"conceptual-overview",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"module-composer"},"Module Composer"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conceptual-overview"},"Conceptual Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n value: Variable, // the default namespace would be "contract_value"\n module: Module\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Module {\n secret: Variable // the default namespace would be "contract_module_secret"\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial. Here, the Module Composer comes in."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, the Module Composer shortens the storage key - a handy side effect of shared storage. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For each module, Odra generates a corresponding Composer struct (e.g., ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyContractComposer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyContract")," module), which aids in manual module composition."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the #","[odra::module]"," macro generates an implementation of the odra::Instance trait, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace. To disable this behavior, pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"skip_instance")," argument to the #","[odra::module]"," macro."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a simple code example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::{Instance, Variable, Composer};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct SharedStorage {\n pub value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyStorage {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub version: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MoreStorage {\n pub my_storage: MyStorage,\n pub extra: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module(skip_instance)]\npub struct ComplexContract {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub more_storage: MoreStorage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ComplexContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String, extra: u32) {\n self.more_storage.my_storage.version.set(version);\n self.shared.value.set(value);\n self.more_storage.extra.set(extra);\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {\n self.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {\n self.more_storage.my_storage.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_extra_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.more_storage.extra.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Instance for ComplexContract {\n fn instance(namespace: &str) -> Self {\n let value = Composer::new(namespace, "v").compose();\n let shared = SharedStorageComposer::new(namespace, "shared")\n .with_value(&value)\n .compose();\n let my_storage = MyStorageComposer::new(namespace, "my_storage")\n .with_shared(&shared)\n .compose();\n let more_storage = MoreStorageComposer::new(namespace, "more_storage")\n .with_my_storage(&my_storage)\n .compose();\n Self { shared, more_storage }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn t() {\n let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();\n let extra_value: u32 = 314;\n let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);\n\n assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we've introduced a new module, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", which nests ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyStorage")," and includes an extra value. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ComplexContract")," contains ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SharedStorage")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the contract level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_shared_value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MyStorage")," module level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_more_storage_shared_value"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This example showcases how you can effectively use the Module Composer feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To customize the storage building block, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Composer")," which API matches to modules composers API.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Module Composer in Odra provides developers with a high level of flexibility and control over module behavior in their smart contracts. This guide, complete with a practical example, should give you a good understanding of the feature. Embrace the power of the Module Composer and unleash the full potential of your smart contracts!"))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/575b7125.5a145ab1.js b/docs/assets/js/575b7125.5a145ab1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a03f448ad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/575b7125.5a145ab1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[90992],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>g});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var p=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=a.useContext(p),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},l=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return a.createElement(p.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(t),g=r,m=u["".concat(p,".").concat(g)]||u[g]||d[g]||i;return t?a.createElement(m,o(o({ref:n},l),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(m,o({ref:n},l))}));function g(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=u;var s={};for(var p in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,p)&&(s[p]=n[p]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={},o="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/advanced/03-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes"}},p={},c=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],l={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},l,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),": A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Variable\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\n\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n strings: Mapping>>,\n tokens: Mapping>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn set_token(\n &mut self,\n key1: String,\n key2: u32,\n key3: String,\n token_name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n symbol: String,\n initial_supply: &U256\n ) {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);\n mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> U256 {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .total_supply()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Instead of using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()"),", which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()")," calls is required."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To keep the codebase consistent, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"map!")," macro can be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"...\n\npub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);\n}\n\npub fn get_string_macro(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n) -> String {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n my_sequence: Sequence,\n my_mapping: Mapping>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/57648d1e.e14bc56b.js b/docs/assets/js/57648d1e.e14bc56b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bf4e5cfd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/57648d1e.e14bc56b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[88181],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=s(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=d;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Attributes",l={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-0.3.1/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/advanced/04-attributes.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Init",id:"init",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-1",level:3},{value:"Non Reentrant",id:"non-reentrant",level:2},{value:"Mixing attributes",id:"mixing-attributes",level:2}],u={toc:s};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"attributes"},"Attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"init"},"Init"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If your contract needs initial setup, adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/erc20.rs",title:"examples/erc20.rs"},"#[odra(init)]\npub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/tlw.rs",title:"examples/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();\n let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();\n let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(init)]\nfn initialize() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/57bc1a35.d17a2440.js b/docs/assets/js/57bc1a35.d17a2440.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..291e27099 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/57bc1a35.d17a2440.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[33394],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=a,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||o;return t?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=c;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{t.d(n,{Z:()=>s});var r=t(67294),a=t(86010);const o="tabItem_Ymn6";function s(e){let{children:n,hidden:t,className:s}=e;return r.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,a.Z)(o,s),hidden:t},n)}},74866:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>y});var r=t(87462),a=t(67294),o=t(86010),s=t(12466),l=t(16550),i=t(91980),d=t(67392),u=t(50012);function p(e){return function(e){return a.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,a.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}=e;return{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}))}function c(e){const{values:n,children:t}=e;return(0,a.useMemo)((()=>{const e=n??p(t);return function(e){const n=(0,d.l)(e,((e,n)=>e.value===n.value));if(n.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${n.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Cargo.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"There a bunch of changes in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"features")," section and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"default-features")," flag from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra")," dependency."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Register bins you added in the previous step."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev-dependencies")," section with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra-test")," crate."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add recommended profiles for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"release")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev")," to optimize the build process.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Below you can compare the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:"),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.7.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-odratoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Odra.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file has been simplified. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," property is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"23-update-smart-contracts"},"2.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Smart Contracts")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Some type aliases are no longer in use.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::U512"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"EventData")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files"},"2.3.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Consider import ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::prelude::*")," in your module files.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings"},"2.3.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Flatten nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"Mapping"),"s.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// Before\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n// After\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"235-update-errors-definitions"},"2.3.5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update errors definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"236-update-events-definitions"},"2.3.6. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update events definitions.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
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,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nuse odra::types::event::OdraEvent;\n\nTransfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n}.emit();\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules"},"2.3.7. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"contract_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"self.env()")," in your modules.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()")," is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),". The API is similar to the previous ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env")," but with some changes."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_var(key: &[u8]) -> Option")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_value(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_var(key: &[u8], value: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_value(&self, key: &[u8], value: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_dict_value()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_dict_value()")," has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," type, internally using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_var()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_var()")," functions. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash>(input: T) -> Vec")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(error: E) -> !")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(&self, error: E) -> !"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(event: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(&self, event: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option) -> T")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"native_token_metadata()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"one_token()")," have been removed.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet"},"2.3.8. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Wrap submodules of your module with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::SubModule"),".")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: SubModule,\n metadata: SubModule,\n ownable: SubModule\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: Erc721Base,\n metadata: Erc721MetadataExtension,\n ownable: Ownable\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"239-update-external-contract-calls"},"2.3.9. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update external contract calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref"),") and you can call it using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address)")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref::at()"),")."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenRef::at(token).balance_of(account)\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2310-update-constructors"},"2.3.10. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update constructors.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::init]")," attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls"},"2.3.11. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"UnwrapOrRevert")," calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," now require ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&HostEnv")," as the first parameter."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition"},"2.3.12. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"#[odra(using)]")," attribute from your module definition.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"24-update-tests"},"2.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Tests")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"241-contract-deployment"},"2.4.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Contract deployment.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The way you deploy a contract has changed:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args)")," instead of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}Deployer::init()"),". The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),", required by the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableHostRef;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)\n\n// A contract with init args\nuse super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n};\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableDeployer;\n\nlet ownable = OwnableDeployer::init();\n\n// A contract with init args\nlet erc20 = Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"242-host-interactions"},"2.4.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Host interactions.")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The API of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()")," are similar, but there are some differences:",(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.advance_block_time(u64)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::token_balance(Address)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.balance_of(&Address)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::total_gas_used(Address)"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::gas_report()")," have been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef::last_call()")," and extract the data from a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::ContractCallResult")," instance. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef")," is a trait implemented by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),".")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios"},"2.4.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing failing scenarios.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," has been removed. You should use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix to call the function and then assert the result.\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult"))," type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount)\n });\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"244-testing-events"},"2.4.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing events.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," macro has been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::emitted_event()")," to assert the emitted events.\nThe new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation to explore the available options."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n...\n\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n));\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n));\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let erc20 = Erc20HostDeployer::init(&env, ...);\n\n...\n\nassert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs\n };\n use odra::{\n casper_types::U256,\n host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},\n prelude::*\n };\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::string::String;\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address, U256},\n Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert, Variable\n};\n\nuse self::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer}\n};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: &Option\n ) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = *initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .subtract(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::types::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n use odra::Event;\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::execution_error;\n\n execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref\n };\n use odra::prelude::string::ToString;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::casper_types::U256};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = test_env::get_account(0);\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5825ca57.c8a72c36.js b/docs/assets/js/5825ca57.c8a72c36.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24ec5811b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5825ca57.c8a72c36.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37199],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=p(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(t),m=r,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.3.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},p=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra allows nested ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, what we utilize to store allowances.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .set(spender, new_allowance);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/585204f8.91f66114.js b/docs/assets/js/585204f8.91f66114.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24ef52126 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/585204f8.91f66114.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[26077],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(t),m=o,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow only the module owner to mint tokens."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L10")," - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13-L15")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-L51")," - The same is done with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L57-L60")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is indeed the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/58abd590.87399871.js b/docs/assets/js/58abd590.87399871.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b29b2c03a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/58abd590.87399871.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[97457],{76045:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/58f10d9f.ae141d4d.js b/docs/assets/js/58f10d9f.ae141d4d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa4ab3b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/58f10d9f.ae141d4d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use 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This\narticle explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-vm-perspective"},"Casper VM Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or\ndictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys,\nmaking it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this\nissue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"state"),". This\ndictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum\nlength of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look\nlike:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait CasperStorage {\n fn read(key: &str) -> Option>;\n fn write(key: &str, value: Vec);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-perspective"},"Odra Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally,\nwe aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider\nthis straightforward storage definition:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Token {\n name: Var,\n balances: Mapping\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," structure contains two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"String")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balances"),", which functions as a key-value store with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," as keys and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," as values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more\ncomplex example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Loans {\n lenders: SubModule,\n borrowers: SubModule,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," module has two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers"),", both of which have\nthe same storage layout as defined by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module. Odra guarantees that\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers")," are stored under distinct keys within the storage\ndictionary."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout\noperates."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"key-generation"},"Key generation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Every element of a module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"struct"),") with N elements is associated with an index\nranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an\nelement of a module is another module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<...>"),"), the associated index\nserves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an\nexample. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual\nimplementation."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Loans {\n lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0001\n name: 1, // key: 0x0001_0001\n balances: 2 // key: 0x0001_0010\n },\n borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010\n name: 1, // key: 0x0010_0001\n balances: 2 // key: 0x0010_0010\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, it's worth mentioning how ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"'s keys are used in the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),". They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as\ndemonstrated in the example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For instance, triggering ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd)")," would result in a\nkey:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"0x0001_0001_1234_abcd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then\nencoded in hexadecimal format."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"value-serialization"},"Value serialization"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," types."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5ad2f7ef.f3cf482f.js b/docs/assets/js/5ad2f7ef.f3cf482f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4429f9ba --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5ad2f7ef.f3cf482f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73814],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.6.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/examples"}},l={},p=[{value:"Types",id:"types",level:2},{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Constructors",id:"constructors",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Contract Deploys",id:"contract-deploys",level:2},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"types"},"Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be written into the storage must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait OdraType: \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other exposed types are:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CallArgs")," - wraps around casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"RuntimeArgs")),";"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - U512 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - u64 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," - an enum that encapsulates casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/account/struct.AccountHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"AccountHash"))," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractPackageHash")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"constructors"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\nstruct Counter {\n value: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about constructors ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/attributes#init"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Required arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Optional arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]"),", this should be set to the constructor name."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"constructor arguments that match entry point set in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-deploys"},"Contract Deploys"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:\'initialize\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.5.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.5.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.4.0/odra-casper/livenet/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5b4d97e3.a5ad39a8.js b/docs/assets/js/5b4d97e3.a5ad39a8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c68f1d8fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5b4d97e3.a5ad39a8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95057],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(t),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.7.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}\n};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(*owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: *owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(*new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5bcb7a16.6cfe9cb2.js b/docs/assets/js/5bcb7a16.6cfe9cb2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..030362146 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5bcb7a16.6cfe9cb2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[52098],{66904:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Module Composer","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/composer"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5be2abc9.7b3cb4c9.js b/docs/assets/js/5be2abc9.7b3cb4c9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f0f6343d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5be2abc9.7b3cb4c9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[39737],{95650:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5c4991bb.d9e32a53.js b/docs/assets/js/5c4991bb.d9e32a53.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81092ae0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5c4991bb.d9e32a53.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[64189],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",l={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.3.1/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/directory-structure"}},s={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Updating dependencies",id:"updating-dependencies",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. To run ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo update")," on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders\nyou can use this command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra update\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5c77c5fd.7df91293.js b/docs/assets/js/5c77c5fd.7df91293.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ffffd61f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5c77c5fd.7df91293.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62007],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=t(67294);function a(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(o=o.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=o.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},r)}},u=o.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?o.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var o=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.4.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. 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Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"../category/getting-started"},"Getting Started")," guide"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Get familiar with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.casper.network/developers/dapps/setup-nctl/"},"NCTL tutorial")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},"NCTL docker")," image"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/casper-client-rs"},"casper-client"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will expose two methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The constructor ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," which sets the metadata and the version of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The method ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_data")," which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=custom_item.rs showLineNumbers",title:"custom_item.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, OdraType, SubModule, Var};\n\n// A custom type with a vector of another custom type\n#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\n// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CustomItem {\n version: Var,\n meta: Var,\n data: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CustomItem {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {\n let meta = Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices: vec![\n Price { value: price_1 },\n Price { value: price_2 }\n ]\n };\n self.meta.set(meta);\n self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);\n }\n\n pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {\n self.data.value.set(value);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);\n }\n}\n\n// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Data {\n value: Var,\n inner: SubModule,\n}\n\n// A submodule with a mapping\n#[odra::module]\nstruct InnerData {\n named_values: Mapping,\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"deploying-the-contract"},"Deploying the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra build -c custom_item \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Then, we can deploy the contract using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\\n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ \n --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\\n --payment-amount 100000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='My Name'\" \\\n --session-arg \"description:string='My Description'\" \\ \n --session-arg \"price_1:u256='101'\" \\\n --session-arg \"price_2:u256='202'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_data")," method to set the values of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ \n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ \n --payment-amount 2000000000 \\\n --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\\n --session-entry-point "set_data" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:\'666\'" \\\n --session-arg "name:string=\'alice\'" \\ \n --session-arg "name2:string=\'bob\'"\n')),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Storage Layout\n\nCustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1\n data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4)\n value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) + 0\n inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4\n named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The actual key is obtained as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Convert the index to a big-endian byte array."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Concatenate the index with the mapping data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In more detail, the storage layout is described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout article"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"reading-the-state"},"Reading the state"),(0,r.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=main.rs showLineNumbers",title:"main.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};\nuse casper_types::{\n bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},\n U256,\n};\n\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";\nconst NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";\nconst RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";\nconst DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\nasync fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec {\n let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n None,\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .state_root_hash\n .unwrap();\n\n // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.\n let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n state_root_hash,\n DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {\n key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),\n dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),\n dictionary_item_key: key,\n },\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .stored_value;\n\n // We expect the value to be a CLValue\n if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.\n cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()\n } else {\n vec![]\n }\n}\n\nasync fn metadata() -> Metadata {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(1, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n\n let mut prices = vec![];\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for _ in 0..size {\n // Read the value and store the remaining bytes\n let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n bytes = rem;\n prices.push(Price { value });\n }\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices\n }\n}\n\nasync fn value() -> u32 {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nasync fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();\n let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {\n let mut key = Vec::new();\n key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());\n key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);\n let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);\n\n hex::encode(&hashed_key)\n}\n\nfn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {\n let mut result = [0u8; 32];\n let mut hasher = ::new(32)\n .expect("should create hasher");\n let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);\n blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)\n .expect("should copy hash to the result array");\n result\n}\n\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'cargo run\n[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {\n name: "My Contract",\n description: "My Description",\n prices: [\n Price {\n value: 123,\n },\n Price {\n value: 321,\n },\n ],\n}\n[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666\n[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20\n[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10\n'))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'\nimport { blake2bHex } from "blakejs";\nimport {\n CLList,\n CLListBytesParser,\n CLStringBytesParser,\n CLU256BytesParser,\n CLU32BytesParser,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n CasperServiceByJsonRPC,\n Contracts,\n ToBytes,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH = "hash-...";\nconst STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME = "state";\nconst U32_SIZE = 4;\n\nclass Price {\n value: bigint;\n\n constructor(value: bigint) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n}\n\nclass Metadata {\n name: string;\n description: string;\n prices: Price[];\n\n constructor(name: string, description: string, prices: Price[]) {\n this.name = name;\n this.description = description;\n this.prices = prices;\n }\n}\n\nexport class Contract {\n client: CasperClient;\n service: CasperServiceByJsonRPC;\n contract: Contracts.Contract;\n\n private constructor() {\n this.client = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.service = new CasperServiceByJsonRPC(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.contract = new Contracts.Contract(this.client);\n this.contract.setContractHash(CONTRACT_HASH);\n }\n\n static async load() {\n return new Contract();\n }\n\n async read_state(key: string) {\n const response = await this.contract.queryContractDictionary(STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME, key);\n let data: CLList = CLValueBuilder.list(response.value());\n let bytes = new CLListBytesParser().toBytes(data).unwrap();\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType\n return bytes.slice(4);\n }\n\n async metadata() {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(key(1));\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let name = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = name.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let description = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = description.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n let prices: Price[] = [];\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let size = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = size.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for (let i = 0; i < size.result.unwrap().data.toNumber(); i++) {\n let price = new CLU256BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = price.remainder as Uint8Array;\n prices.push(new Price(price.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt()));\n }\n\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n return new Metadata(\n name.result.unwrap().data,\n description.result.unwrap().data,\n prices\n );\n }\n \n async value() {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n const bytes = await this.read_state(key((2 << 4) + 0));\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n\n async named_value(name: string) {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = new CLStringBytesParser()\n .toBytes(CLValueBuilder.string(name))\n .unwrap();\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(\n key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, mapping_data)\n );\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfunction key(idx: number, mapping_data: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([])) {\n let key = new Uint8Array(U32_SIZE + mapping_data.length);\n new DataView(key.buffer).setUint32(0, idx, false); // false for big-endian\n key.set(mapping_data, U32_SIZE);\n\n return blake2bHex(key, undefined, 32);\n}\n\nconst contract = Contract.load();\ncontract.then(async (c) => {\n console.log(await c.value());\n console.log(await c.metadata());\n console.log(await c.named_value("alice"));\n console.log(await c.named_value("bob"));\n});\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \nMetadata {\n name: 'My Contract',\n description: 'My Description',\n prices: [ Price { value: 123n }, Price { value: 321n } ]\n}\n666n\n20n\n10n\n")))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5c8f3a1c.9a73c0f8.js b/docs/assets/js/5c8f3a1c.9a73c0f8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..929431c01 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5c8f3a1c.9a73c0f8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54097],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},m=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=p(a),c=r,f=m["".concat(l,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||d[c]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=m;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Var",id:"var",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"var"},"Var"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Var,\n weight: Var,\n name: Var,\n walks: Var>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Var,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Var working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{List, Var};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Var\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Var,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/features/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. Let's see how to implement a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Dog")," type: "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra_type]")," is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," of a custom type is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType::Any"),", except for an unit-only enum, which is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType::U8"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="unit_only_enum.rs"',title:'"unit_only_enum.rs"'},"enum Enum {\n Foo = 3,\n Bar = 2,\n Baz = 1,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute .")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5ca766f6.cd60df16.js b/docs/assets/js/5ca766f6.cd60df16.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d99515cfc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5ca766f6.cd60df16.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73538],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},m=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=l(n),d=o,f=m["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||m[d]||u[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=m;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable,\n created_at: Variable,\n created_by: Variable
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_block_time()")," will return\nthe current block time wrapped in Odra type ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"BlockTime"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()")," will return an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," of\na caller (this can be an external caller or another contract)."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5d94dea0.d74be659.js b/docs/assets/js/5d94dea0.d74be659.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0246dae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5d94dea0.d74be659.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[79486],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>f});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var c=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(c),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},l=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(r),f=o,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||d[f]||a;return r?n.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},l),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(m,i({ref:t},l))}));function f(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>p});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},i="Odra framework",s={unversionedId:"intro",id:"version-1.0.0/intro",title:"Odra framework",description:"Odra Docs",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/intro.md",sourceDirName:".",slug:"/",permalink:"/docs/",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:0,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:0,slug:"/",image:"./docs-cover.png",description:"Odra Docs"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",next:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/category/getting-started"}},c={image:r(93415).Z},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],l={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},l,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-framework"},"Odra framework"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network"},"Casper Network"),". Odra encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It's free and open source!"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example")," to find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},93415:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5f012ce0.a1138b74.js b/docs/assets/js/5f012ce0.a1138b74.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9bccaaae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5f012ce0.a1138b74.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use 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Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests, execute the following command:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/5ffb61b1.3a343e40.js b/docs/assets/js/5ffb61b1.3a343e40.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b6c30e2d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/5ffb61b1.3a343e40.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[98632],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/cross-calls"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Event};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract;\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n pub fn init(&self) {\n self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[derive(Event)]")," attribute like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To emit an event, we use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event")," function from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),", passing the event as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n});\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},'use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n test_env.emitted_event(\n party_contract.address(),\n &PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env.get_account(0),\n block_time: 0\n }\n );\n // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function\n test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");\n // You can also check how many events were emitted.\n assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To explore more event testing functions, check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/60d35280.74286aaf.js b/docs/assets/js/60d35280.74286aaf.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d53c3b5b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/60d35280.74286aaf.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[48733],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/docs/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1707130258,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 5, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract.\nThe last segment of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will\nbe in the above case named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/60dd6115.f5b81372.js b/docs/assets/js/60dd6115.f5b81372.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0652be062 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/60dd6115.f5b81372.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73069],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Variable
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function we want to use."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use odra::types::Address;\n use crate::features::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());\n\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address() -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/61047f5a.5d5f642f.js b/docs/assets/js/61047f5a.5d5f642f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16e123b60 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/61047f5a.5d5f642f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25377],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function l(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var l=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,l=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||l;return t?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var l=t.length,o=new Array(l);o[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>l,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const l={},o="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.8.1/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/advanced/01-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],u={toc:d};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256,\n module::{Module, SubModule},\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256, \n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule,\n exchange: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/615e12e7.364dd08a.js b/docs/assets/js/615e12e7.364dd08a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d6150080 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/615e12e7.364dd08a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[93472],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function i(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):i(i({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(t),m=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},i="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/docs/advanced/02-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/attributes"}},c={},l=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),": A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped\n{\n value: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value.\nIn previous examples, the value of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Mappings {\n strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,\n tokens: Mapping\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Mappings {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {\n self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));\n opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Firstly, within a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you don't encapsulate the module with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Submodule"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Secondly, rather than utilizing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::module()"),", which returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n counter: Sequence,\n tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {\n let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.balance_of(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {\n let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.mint(amount, to);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/615fce32.d648bf7a.js b/docs/assets/js/615fce32.d648bf7a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91a3d4f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/615fce32.d648bf7a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[5527],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.8.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/odra-vm"},next:{title:"Livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet"}},l={},p=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Deploying a contract to Casper network",id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard"),", thankfully you can derive them using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[derive(Event)]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance,\nyou call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_balance()"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network"},"Deploying a contract to Casper network"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain.\nYou can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool\nor using the Odra's Livenet integration."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's explore the first option to better understand the process."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it.\nEvery contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When working with the test env via ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," or when using\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration")," this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," directly, you have to pass them manually:"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/odra-casper/test-vm/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6171926c.124c5590.js b/docs/assets/js/6171926c.124c5590.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c798ce577 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6171926c.124c5590.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[33860],{18365:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Basics","description":"Basic concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/basics","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/category/basics","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Flipper example","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper"},"next":{"title":"Cargo Odra","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/626c8e99.79affc12.js b/docs/assets/js/626c8e99.79affc12.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..172731ccd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/626c8e99.79affc12.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[35114],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),f=a,m=d["".concat(i,".").concat(f)]||d[f]||u[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var s={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(s[i]=t[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=s;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",s={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.8.1/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/getting-started/flipper.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/flipper",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Installation",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation"},next:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/basics"}},i={},p=[{value:"Let's flip",id:"lets-flip",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-example"},"Flipper example"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial, you should have this file already at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For further explanation of how this code works, see ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"lets-flip"},"Let's flip"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs" showLineNumbers',title:'"flipper.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests, execute the following command:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6289863c.64636b87.js b/docs/assets/js/6289863c.64636b87.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a77809a6a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6289863c.64636b87.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54733],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,h=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},o="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," showed above. 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They contain project files necessary\nfor building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify\nfiles in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".")," at the beginning of the\nfolder name)."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/636decee.454ca7aa.js b/docs/assets/js/636decee.454ca7aa.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d4f6c2c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/636decee.454ca7aa.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[84051],{89933:a=>{a.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Building contracts manually","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/641fd09d.89ed3898.js b/docs/assets/js/641fd09d.89ed3898.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac3d1dcdc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/641fd09d.89ed3898.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[28748],{3905:(e,n,r)=>{r.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=r(67294);function o(e,n,r){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=r,e}function a(e,n){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(t=t.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,t)}return r}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var i=t.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=t.useContext(i),r=n;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),r},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return t.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},n)}},p=t.forwardRef((function(e,n){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||a;return r?t.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:r})):t.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var r=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{r.r(n),r.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var t=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:4},l="Access Control",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/access-control",id:"version-0.8.1/tutorials/access-control",title:"Access Control",description:"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/tutorials/access-control.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/access-control",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token"},next:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable"}},i={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Project Structure",id:"project-structure",level:3},{value:"Events and Errors",id:"events-and-errors",level:3},{value:"Module",id:"module",level:3}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,r,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"access-control"},"Access Control"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Ownable"))," module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"project-structure"},"Project Structure"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-plaintext"},"access-control\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access_control.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 events.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 errors.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Event};\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5-L17")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-L24")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n MissingRole = 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::events::*;\nuse super::errors::Error;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{module::Module, Address, Mapping};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,\n role_admin: Mapping\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &self.env().caller() {\n self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L13")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"roles")," - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"role_admin")," - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L20")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L54")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L56-L64")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L66-L86")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. If the role is already granted, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role)."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_role_admin()")," entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31-L46")," - This is a combination of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_*_role()"),". Entry points fail on unauthorized access.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6428a729.5d1e8c04.js b/docs/assets/js/6428a729.5d1e8c04.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c8cd711a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6428a729.5d1e8c04.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[14220],{11106:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Module reusing","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/using"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/64fba0bc.19332a20.js b/docs/assets/js/64fba0bc.19332a20.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8fc75df93 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/64fba0bc.19332a20.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[74500],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(t),m=a,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||s;return t?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=t.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718616680,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},c=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced storage using key-value pairs,"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),","),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced event assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It is designed to store the following data:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Balances of individual users."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Odra does not allows nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n \n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L9")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L28")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L38")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint")," function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," uses the notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(address, *amount);"),", which is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;\n\nlet current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = ::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\nself.balances.set(address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers title=erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0,title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InsufficientAllowance = 2,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n &erc20,\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n &erc20,\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, recipient, spender) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n &erc20,\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n ));\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n env.set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n &erc20,\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n &erc20,\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n // Given a new instance.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the spender\'s allowance is zero.\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n // Then transfer fails.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L146")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/advanced/01-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256,\n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256, \n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule,\n exchange: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/659ab8cb.bb6c2d9a.js b/docs/assets/js/659ab8cb.bb6c2d9a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..400ebea2e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/659ab8cb.bb6c2d9a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[87922],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function n(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,a)}return r}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(r),m=o,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return r?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var n=r.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var a=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the [Odra main repository].",source:"@site/docs/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/next/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1707130258,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 5, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/next/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra main repository"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/65ab6b77.097f5870.js b/docs/assets/js/65ab6b77.097f5870.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d25062bb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/65ab6b77.097f5870.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62540],{47143:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6617ee69.befbed80.js b/docs/assets/js/6617ee69.befbed80.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f2259f90 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6617ee69.befbed80.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[90366],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>g});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=l(n),g=a,f=d["".concat(c,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||p[g]||s;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function g(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(o[c]=t[c]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=o;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={},i="Signatures",o={unversionedId:"advanced/signatures",id:"version-0.7.0/advanced/signatures",title:"Signatures",description:"As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/advanced/05-signatures.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/signatures",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/signatures",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/backends"}},c={},l=[{value:"Signature verification",id:"signature-verification",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"ECRecover",id:"ecrecover",level:2}],u={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"signatures"},"Signatures"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs,\nOdra Framework provides a generic function for signature verification inside the contract context.\nThanks to this, you can write your code once, without worrying about underlying cryptography."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"signature-verification"},"Signature verification"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Signature verification is conducted by a function in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub fn verify_signature(message: &Bytes, signature: &Bytes, public_key: &PublicKey) -> bool;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here's the simplest example of this function used in a contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl SignatureVerifier {\n pub fn verify_signature(\n &self,\n message: &Bytes,\n signature: &Bytes,\n public_key: &PublicKey\n ) -> bool {\n contract_env::verify_signature(message, signature, public_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides the above function in the contract context, Odra provides corresponding functions in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub fn sign_message(message: &Bytes, address: &Address) -> Bytes;\n\npub fn public_key(address: &Address) -> PublicKey;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sign_message")," will return a signed message. The signing itself will be performed using a private key\nof an account behind the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"public_key")," returns the PublicKey of an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"address")," account."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to those, you can write generic tests, that will work with all backends, despite differences\nin signature schemes they use."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},'#[test]\nfn signature_verification_works() {\n let message = "Message to be signed";\n let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());\n let account = test_env::get_account(0);\n\n let signature = test_env::sign_message(message_bytes, &account);\n\n let public_key = test_env::public_key(&account);\n\n let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();\n assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, &signature, &public_key));\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want, you can also test signatures that were created outside Odra.\nHowever, you will need to prepare separate tests for each backend:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs",title:"examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs"},'/// The following test checks that the signature verification works with the signature produced\n/// by the casper wallet.\n#[test]\n#[cfg(feature = "casper")]\nfn verify_signature_casper_wallet() {\n use odra::casper::casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes;\n // Casper Wallet for the message "Ahoj przygodo!" signed using SECP256K1 key\n // produces the following signature:\n // 1e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa\n // Casper Wallet adds "Casper Message:\\n" prefix to the message:\n let message = "Casper Message:\\nAhoj przygodo!";\n let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());\n\n // Depending on the type of the key, we need to prefix the signature with a tag:\n // 0x01 for ED25519\n // 0x02 for SECP256K1\n let signature_hex = "021e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa";\n let signature: [u8; 65] = hex::decode(signature_hex).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();\n let signature_bytes = &Bytes::from(signature.to_vec());\n\n // Similar to the above, the public key is tagged:\n let public_key_hex = "02036d9b880e44254afaf34330e57703a63aec53b5918d4470059b67a4a906350105";\n let public_key_decoded = hex::decode(public_key_hex).unwrap();\n let (public_key, _) = odra::casper::casper_types::crypto::PublicKey::from_bytes(\n public_key_decoded.as_slice()\n )\n .unwrap();\n\n let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();\n assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, signature_bytes, &public_key));\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"ecrecover"},"ECRecover"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra-proposal#odra-standard-library"},"Odra Standard Library"),"\npart of the original Odra Proposal mentioned ECRecover as one of the functions that will be\nimplemented by the Odra Framework. We decided to add signatures verification instead."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The reasoning behind this decision is that the ECRecover works only with one type of signature.\nOdra tries to be backend-agnostic, which implies that it should also be signature-type-agnostic.\nThis was possible to achieve when implementing generic signature verification, but not with ECRecover."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In short, the implementation of ECRecover would not depend on the backend, pushing it into some kind of\nutils library, and those already exist, for example in\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/solana_program/secp256k1_recover/index.html#"},"solana_program"),"\ncrate."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6640477e.216c2b69.js b/docs/assets/js/6640477e.216c2b69.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1874138fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6640477e.216c2b69.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[77552],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},h=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=c(n),u=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(u)]||h[u]||p[u]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function u(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,i=new Array(r);i[0]=h;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:3},i="Livenet",l={unversionedId:"backends/livenet",id:"backends/livenet",title:"Livenet",description:"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local",source:"@site/docs/backends/04-livenet.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/livenet",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/livenet",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/casper"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/next/category/examples"}},s={},c=[{value:"Setup",id:"setup",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"How Livenet backend works",id:"how-livenet-backend-works",level:2},{value:"Multiple environments",id:"multiple-environments",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"livenet"},"Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local\ntest node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend\nto handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM,\nhowever, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state.\nThis lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but\non the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to\npay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"faucet"),"\nto get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed\nfor each action."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state -\nwe can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"advance_block_time")," function\nis implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running\nthe regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will\nuse a slightly different workflow to test the contracts."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"setup"},"Setup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private\nkey and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use\nmore than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env\nfile to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/examples/.env.sample"},".env.sample")," file from\nexamples folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env"},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used\n# to deploy the contracts.\n# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit\n# the secret key to the repository.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network. Known values:\n# - integration-test\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test\n\n# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.\n# Main secret key will be 0th account.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem\n\n# If using CSPR.cloud, you can set the auth token here.\n# CSPR_CLOUD_AUTH_TOKEN=\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"CSPR.cloud is a service that provides mainnet and testnet Casper nodes on demand.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find\na simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"},"erc20_on_livenet.rs")," file.\nLet's go through the code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'fn main() {\n // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize\n // the environment:\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the\n // OdraVM backend.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,\n // so we need to provide them\n // if we did not import their secret keys.\n let recipient = \n "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Arguments for the contract init method.\n let name = String::from("Plascoin");\n let symbol = String::from("PLS");\n let decimals = 10u8;\n let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);\n \n // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify\n // the gas limit for each action.\n // The limit will be used for every consecutive action\n // until we change it.\n env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);\n \n // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.\n let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)\n };\n let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);\n \n // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Uncomment to load existing contract.\n // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract\n // that is already deployed.\n // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);\n\n // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.\n println!("Token name: {}", token.name());\n\n // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,\n // so we change the amount of gas\n env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);\n token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));\n\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));\n println!("Recipient\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[bin]\nname = "erc20_on_livenet"\npath = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n'))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," feature enabled:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A part of a sample output should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'...\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.\nOwner\'s balance: 4004\nRecipient\'s balance: 4000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing.\nEach deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute.\nWe can see that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer")," call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," was nearly instant\nand cost us nothing. How it is possible?"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can see the deployment on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://cspr.live/"},"http://cspr.live/")," - the transfer from the example\ncan be seen ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://integration.cspr.live/deploy/65b1a5d21174a62c675f89683aba995c453b942c705b404a1f8bbf6f0f6de32a"},"here"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"how-livenet-backend-works"},"How Livenet backend works"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state.\nIt is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the\nnode is the current state. This is why the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," call was almost instant and free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract\n(see ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross Calls"),"), it is executed offline and\nnode is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts\nand the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"multiple-environments"},"Multiple environments"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts,\nmultiple nodes or even multiple chains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To do this, simply create a new ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with a different prefix - for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet.env"),".\nThen, pass the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV")," variable with value either ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet")," to select which file\nhas to be used first. If your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file has a value that IS present in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file, it will\noverride the value from the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To sum up - this command will firstly load the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file and then load the missing values from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/666726ac.41e21f2e.js b/docs/assets/js/666726ac.41e21f2e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a8ef929c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/666726ac.41e21f2e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[20355],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),f=o,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(f)]||p[f]||u[f]||r;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,s=new Array(r);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:10},s="Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/deploying-on-casper",id:"version-1.0.0/tutorials/deploying-on-casper",title:"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet",description:"In this tutorial, we will take the token we created in",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/deploying-on-casper.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/deploying-on-casper",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra for Solidity developers",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity"},next:{title:"Migrations",permalink:"/docs/category/migrations"}},l={},c=[{value:"Casper Wallet",id:"casper-wallet",level:2},{value:"Getting tokens",id:"getting-tokens",level:2},{value:"Odra Livenet",id:"odra-livenet",level:2},{value:"Cspr.live",id:"csprlive",level:2},{value:"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet",id:"transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"deploying-a-token-on-casper-livenet"},"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will take the token we created in\nthe previous one and deploy it on the Livenet Casper network,\nusing the Odra Livenet backend."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will also take a look at the tools that Casper Ecosystem\nprovides to interact with our newly deployed token."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Most of this tutorial will work with any Casper contract.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-wallet"},"Casper Wallet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial.\nTo install it, please follow the instructions on the\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.casperwallet.io/"},"official website"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account\nyou want to use for our testing.\nYou can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys.\nWe recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy\nour contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"getting-tokens"},"Getting tokens"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR.\nThe easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send\nus 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use the faucet, go to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"Casper Testnet Faucet"),'.\nLog in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button.'),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can\neither ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account\nin the wallet.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra!"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-livenet"},"Odra Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra Livenet is described in detail in the\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../backends/livenet"},"backends section")," of this documentation.\nWe will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="bin/our_token_livenet.rs"',title:'"bin/our_token_livenet.rs"'},'//! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial\n//! creator.\nuse std::str::FromStr;\n\nuse odra::casper_types::U256;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader};\nuse odra::Address;\nuse ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs};\n\nfn main() {\n // Load the Casper livenet environment.\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Just some random address...\n let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Deploy new contract.\n let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env);\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Propose minting new tokens.\n env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);\n token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000));\n\n // Vote, we are the only voter.\n env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);\n token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000));\n\n // Let\'s advance the block time by 11 minutes, as\n // we set the voting time to 10 minutes.\n // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time...\n // Hopefully you are not in a hurry.\n env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000);\n\n // Tally the votes.\n env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64);\n token.tally();\n\n // Check the balances.\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner));\n println!(\n "Tutorial creator\'s balance: {:?}",\n token.balance_of(&recipient)\n );\n}\n\n/// Deploys a contract.\npub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {\n let name = String::from("OurToken");\n let symbol = String::from("OT");\n let decimals = 0;\n let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000);\n\n let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply,\n };\n\n env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64);\n OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args)\n}\n\n/// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later...\nfn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {\n let address = "hash-XXXXX";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and\nregister the new binary. In the end, it should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:'title="Cargo.toml"',title:'"Cargo.toml"'},'[package]\nname = "ourcoin"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }\nodra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = []\nlivenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "ourcoin_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "ourcoin_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "our_token_livenet"\npath = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Finally, add the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with the following content:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env",metastring:'title=".env"',title:'".env"'},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path\nwith the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using\nwill be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will\nhave to find and use another node IP address.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we will run our code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},' Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet`\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploying "OurToken".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed.\n\nToken address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857\n\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed.\n\nOwner\'s balance: 1000\nTutorial creator\'s balance: 1000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network!\nBefore we move on, note the address of the token!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it is\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857"),"."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"csprlive"},"Cspr.live"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer,\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://cspr.live/"},"cspr.live"),". We can put the address of our token in the search bar\nto find it."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet\nnetwork is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details.\nBesides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it\nwas developed using a standard that cspr.live supports."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token!\nWe see the name, symbol and total supply.\nAll the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead\nof the contract address."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"contract.png",src:n(16566).Z,width:"444",height:"417"})),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened\nwith the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section\nand transfers done during the voting process."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"transactions.png",src:n(11087).Z,width:"605",height:"343"})),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the\naccount page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account\nhas - and OurToken is one of them!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development\nof this tutorial ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/contract-package/565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857"},"here"),"."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet"},"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting\nthe private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts\ndeployed on the network."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see\nthem in the Casper Wallet window."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You should also be able to transfer them to another account!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"wallet.png",src:n(17626).Z,width:"351",height:"591"})),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it\nusing the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the\ncspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem\nprovides. Feel free to explore them on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casperecosystem.io/"},"casperecosystem.io"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0},16566:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/contract-4a6ad767dffcbb5b1b7e793447a41680.png"},11087:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/transactions-3d96ebac6e49c7b9bee5ef5bc14a4ef4.png"},17626:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/wallet-d80c30c75d661377a4d31b1c8fb24664.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/67a34253.4f55f823.js b/docs/assets/js/67a34253.4f55f823.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a13b4daf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/67a34253.4f55f823.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[42691],{75821:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Signatures","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/signatures"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/67cb2d26.9e2cf7d9.js b/docs/assets/js/67cb2d26.9e2cf7d9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98496c423 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/67cb2d26.9e2cf7d9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[72522],{21861:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Module Composer","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/composer"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/67cf10af.11106de3.js b/docs/assets/js/67cf10af.11106de3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b0e225d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/67cf10af.11106de3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[49168],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(t),m=o,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow only the module owner to mint tokens."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L10")," - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13-L15")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-L51")," - The same is done with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L57-L60")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is indeed the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/67d74c2d.9f25edcc.js b/docs/assets/js/67d74c2d.9f25edcc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d64c6167 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/67d74c2d.9f25edcc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63556],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable,\n weight: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n walks: Variable>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Variable\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/68495fce.d141d5bc.js b/docs/assets/js/68495fce.d141d5bc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e502fee97 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/68495fce.d141d5bc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[17552],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(t),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.5.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}\n};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(*owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: *owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(*new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/68deafd0.21dfeb75.js b/docs/assets/js/68deafd0.21dfeb75.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ba4b10cb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/68deafd0.21dfeb75.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[97779],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=s(n),m=r,b=p["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(b,l(l({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(b,l({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Attributes",i={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-0.6.0/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/advanced/04-attributes.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/attributes",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage"},next:{title:"Signatures",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/signatures"}},c={},s=[{value:"Init",id:"init",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:3},{value:"Using",id:"using",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-1",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-2",level:3},{value:"Non Reentrant",id:"non-reentrant",level:2},{value:"Mixing attributes",id:"mixing-attributes",level:2}],u={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"attributes"},"Attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"init"},"Init"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If your contract needs initial setup, adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs"},"#[odra(init)]\npub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"using"},"Using"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An attribute applicable to struct fields. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"using")," attribute accepts multiple values, separated by ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},","),".\nEach value attribute must point at an existing field."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n access_control: AccessControl,\n meta: Metadata,\n #[odra(using = "access_control, meta")]\n // #[odra(using = "access_control, metadata")] - would not compile - `metadata` field does not exist\n storage: Storage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct AccessControl {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Metadata {\n version: Variable\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Storage {\n value: Variable,\n access_control: AccessControl,\n meta: Metadata\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-2"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();\n let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();\n let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(init)]\nfn initialize() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/695d43df.7dd8f767.js b/docs/assets/js/695d43df.7dd8f767.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b1483b51 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/695d43df.7dd8f767.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[43751],{3905:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(t,e,n){return e in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function o(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(a=a.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(t){for(var e=1;e=0||(r[n]=t[n]);return r}(t,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(t,n)&&(r[n]=t[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(t){var e=a.useContext(l),n=e;return t&&(n="function"==typeof t?t(e):s(s({},e),t)),n},d=function(t){var e=c(t.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},t.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(t){var e=t.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},e)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(t,e){var n=t.components,r=t.mdxType,o=t.originalType,l=t.parentName,d=i(t,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:e},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:e},d))}));function m(t,e){var n=arguments,r=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof t||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(i[l]=e[l]);i.originalType=t,i.mdxType="string"==typeof t?t:r,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"HostEnv",id:"hostenv",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(t){let{components:e,...n}=t;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{List, Var};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {\n name: "DogContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\nuse odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"super")," to import the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," from the parent module.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," are types that was generated for us by Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints)\nand implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/trait.HostRef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostRef"))," trait. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait.\nConsidering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),".\nAll of those structs implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::InitArgs")," trait, required to conform to the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Deployer::deploy")," method signature. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other import is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::host::Deployer"),". This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract?\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer"))," trait, which provides the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"deploy")," method:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute are available to us:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn env() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract2".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert_ne!(creator, creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," instance using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_test::env()"),".\nNext, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::ContractEnv::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(&self, address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512")," - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64)")," - increases the current value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block_time")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address")," - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0-th account"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emitted_event(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool")," - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full list of functions can be found in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/69fd3230.4359bf34.js b/docs/assets/js/69fd3230.4359bf34.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b51f57653 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/69fd3230.4359bf34.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[24371],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",s={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/docs/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/next/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/next/category/tutorials"}},i={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"CEP-18",id:"cep-18",level:4},{value:"CEP-78",id:"cep-78",level:4},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "1.1.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "1.1.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "1.1.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = "1.1.0"\nodra-modules = "1.1.0"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra repository"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"cep-18"},"CEP-18"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-network/ceps/blob/master/text/0018-token-standard.md"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"cep-78"},"CEP-78"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-network/ceps/blob/master/text/0078-enhanced-nft-standard.md"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6a9553ca.a415a1c0.js b/docs/assets/js/6a9553ca.a415a1c0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cab284346 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6a9553ca.a415a1c0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73774],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function o(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(a=a.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=a.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},r)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=o,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,o=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.9.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. 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a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6b1ad888.0fb0a010.js b/docs/assets/js/6b1ad888.0fb0a010.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bca19a0e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6b1ad888.0fb0a010.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[60132],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.9.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/odra-vm"},next:{title:"Livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet"}},l={},p=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Deploying a contract to Casper network",id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard"),", thankfully you can derive them using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance,\nyou call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_balance()"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network"},"Deploying a contract to Casper network"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain.\nYou can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool\nor using the Odra's Livenet integration."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's explore the first option to better understand the process."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it.\nEvery contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When working with the test env via ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," or when using\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration")," this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," directly, you have to pass them manually:"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/odra-casper/test-vm/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6be2997d.cc92ff66.js b/docs/assets/js/6be2997d.cc92ff66.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7944a838e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6be2997d.cc92ff66.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[41783],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var o=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(o=o.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function a(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=o.createContext({}),m=function(e){var n=o.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):a(a({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=m(e.components);return o.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},n)}},p=o.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=m(t),u=r,h=p["".concat(i,".").concat(u)]||p[u]||c[u]||s;return t?o.createElement(h,a(a({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(h,a({ref:n},d))}));function u(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=t.length,a=new Array(s);a[0]=p;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,a[1]=l;for(var m=2;m{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>m});var o=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9},a="CEP-18",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/cep18",id:"tutorials/cep18",title:"CEP-18",description:"Not so different from ERC-20, the CEP-18 standard describes a fungible",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/cep18.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/cep18",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1716209688,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 20, 2024",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Using Proxy Caller",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller"},next:{title:"Odra for Solidity developers",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity"}},i={},m=[{value:"Self-governing token",id:"self-governing-token",level:2},{value:"Token implementation",id:"token-implementation",level:2},{value:"Governance implementation",id:"governance-implementation",level:2},{value:"Voting mechanism",id:"voting-mechanism",level:3},{value:"Storage",id:"storage",level:4},{value:"Proposing a new mint",id:"proposing-a-new-mint",level:4},{value:"Voting for the mint",id:"voting-for-the-mint",level:4},{value:"Tallying the votes",id:"tallying-the-votes",level:4},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2},{value:"Complete code",id:"complete-code",level:2}],d={toc:m};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cep-18"},"CEP-18"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Not so different from ERC-20, the CEP-18 standard describes a fungible\ntoken interface, but for the Casper network.\nThere are some differences, which will be shown in this tutorial.\nThe most visible one however, is the compatibility with the Casper Ecosystem."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we will implement a CEP-18 token with a simple self-governance mechanism.\nWe will also deploy our token on the Casper network, and interact with it."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This implementation of the governance in this tutorial is by no means\na complete one, and should not be used in production.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"self-governing-token"},"Self-governing token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token,\neach more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple\none, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"token-implementation"},"Token implementation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using\ncep18 as our starting template:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's glance at our token code:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n token: SubModule,\n}\n\nimpl MyToken {\n // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module.\n delegate! {\n to self.token {\n ...\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n ...\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, it indeed uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cep18")," module and delegates\nall the methods to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more\nappropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OurToken"),", run the provided tests using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),",\nand continue with the implementation of the governance."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as\nthe struct name in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file!")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"governance-implementation"},"Governance implementation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism.\nIf we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible\nfor minting new tokens. By default, minting ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/cep18/tree/dev/cep18#modalities"},"Modality"),"\nis turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote\nto mint new tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"voting-mechanism"},"Voting mechanism"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our voting system will be straightforward:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed.")),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"storage"},"Storage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's\nadd some fields to our token struct:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct OurToken {\n /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard.\n token: SubModule,\n /// The proposed mint.\n proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,\n /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.\n votes: List,\n /// Whether a vote is open.\n is_vote_open: Var,\n /// The time when the vote ends.\n vote_end_time: Var,\n}\n\n/// A ballot cast by a voter.\n#[odra::odra_type]\nstruct Ballot {\n voter: Address,\n choice: bool,\n amount: U256,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Notice that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proposed_mint")," contains a tuple containing the address of\nthe proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if\nthe vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why\nwe need both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"is_vote_open")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vote_end_time"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will also use the power of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../basics/storage-interaction#list"},"List"),"\ntype to store the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ballots"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"proposing-a-new-mint"},"Proposing a new mint"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint,\nwe need to add a new function to our token module:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"/// Proposes a new mint for the contract.\npub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.\n if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);\n }\n\n // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.\n if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);\n }\n\n // Set the proposed mint.\n self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));\n // Open a vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(true);\n // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.\n self.vote_end_time\n .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of\nthe minted tokens, and the amount."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"After some validation, we open the vote by setting the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"is_vote_open")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"true"),",\nand setting the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vote_end_time")," to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios,\nthe time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it.\nAlso, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy\nwhen we test it on Livenet."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"voting-for-the-mint"},"Voting for the mint"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"/// Votes on the proposed mint.\npub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.\n self.assert_vote_in_progress();\n\n let voter = self.env().caller();\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.\n self.token\n .transfer(&contract, &amount);\n\n // Add the vote to the list.\n self.votes.push(Ballot {\n voter,\n choice,\n amount,\n });\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking,\nwhere we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Speaking of tallying..."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"tallying-the-votes"},"Tallying the votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority\nof voters agreed to do so:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"/// Count the votes and perform the action\npub fn tally(&mut self) {\n // Only allow tallying the votes once.\n if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default()\n {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n }\n\n // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.\n let finish_time = self\n .vote_end_time\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);\n }\n\n // Count the votes\n let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();\n let mut no_votes = U256::zero();\n\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {\n if vote.choice {\n yes_votes += vote.amount;\n } else {\n no_votes += vote.amount;\n }\n\n // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.\n self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);\n }\n\n // Perform the action if the vote has passed.\n if yes_votes > no_votes {\n let (account, amount) = self\n .proposed_mint\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);\n }\n\n // Close the vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(false);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Notice how we used ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"raw_transfer")," from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cep18")," module. We used it\nto set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of\nthe caller's."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additonally, we used ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"raw_mint")," to mint the tokens, skipping the security\nchecks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't\nhave anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can\nrun both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},'#[test]\nfn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {\n name: "OurToken".to_string(),\n symbol: "OT".to_string(),\n decimals: 0,\n initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),\n };\n\n let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n // The deployer, as the only token holder,\n // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.\n // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));\n\n // The tokens should now be staked.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());\n\n // Wait for the vote to end.\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n // Finish the vote.\n token.tally();\n\n // The tokens should now be minted.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));\n assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());\n\n // The stake should be returned.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));\n\n // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));\n\n // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));\n token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));\n\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n token.tally();\n\n // The power of community governance!\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We can run the test using both methods:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\ncargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"How about deploying it on the Casper network?"),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will se our token in action, by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"deploying-on-casper"},"deploying it on the Casper network"),",\nand using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"complete-code"},"Complete code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is the complete code of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OurToken")," module:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},'use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var};\nuse odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18;\n\n/// A ballot cast by a voter.\n#[odra::odra_type]\nstruct Ballot {\n voter: Address,\n choice: bool,\n amount: U256,\n}\n\n/// Errors for the governed token.\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum GovernanceError {\n /// The vote is already in progress.\n VoteAlreadyOpen = 0,\n /// No vote is in progress.\n NoVoteInProgress = 1,\n /// Cannot tally votes yet.\n VoteNotYetEnded = 2,\n /// Vote ended\n VoteEnded = 3,\n /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint.\n OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4,\n}\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OurToken {\n /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard.\n token: SubModule,\n /// The proposed mint.\n proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,\n /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.\n votes: List,\n /// Whether a vote is open.\n is_vote_open: Var,\n /// The time when the vote ends.\n vote_end_time: Var,\n}\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OurToken {\n /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply.\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token!\n self.token\n .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None);\n }\n\n // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule.\n delegate! {\n to self.token {\n /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users.\n /// One user can only possess one access group badge.\n /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter\n /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an\n /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights.\n /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality.\n fn change_security(\n &mut self,\n admin_list: Vec
,\n minter_list: Vec
,\n none_list: Vec
\n );\n\n /// Returns the name of the token.\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n\n /// Returns the symbol of the token.\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n\n /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses.\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n\n /// Returns the total supply of the token.\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n\n /// Returns the balance of the given address.\n fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256;\n\n /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend.\n fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256;\n\n /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller.\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.\n fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256);\n\n /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.\n fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256);\n\n /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient.\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender\'s allowance.\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address.\n fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address.\n fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);\n }\n }\n\n /// Proposes a new mint for the contract.\n pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.\n if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);\n }\n\n // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.\n if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {\n self.env()\n .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);\n }\n\n // Set the proposed mint.\n self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));\n // Open a vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(true);\n // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.\n self.vote_end_time\n .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000);\n }\n\n /// Votes on the proposed mint.\n pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.\n self.assert_vote_in_progress();\n\n let voter = self.env().caller();\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.\n self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount);\n\n // Add the vote to the list.\n self.votes.push(Ballot {\n voter,\n choice,\n amount,\n });\n }\n\n /// Count the votes and perform the action\n pub fn tally(&mut self) {\n // Only allow tallying the votes once.\n if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n }\n\n // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.\n let finish_time = self\n .vote_end_time\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);\n }\n\n // Count the votes\n let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();\n let mut no_votes = U256::zero();\n\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {\n if vote.choice {\n yes_votes += vote.amount;\n } else {\n no_votes += vote.amount;\n }\n\n // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.\n self.token\n .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);\n }\n\n // Perform the action if the vote has passed.\n if yes_votes > no_votes {\n let (account, amount) = self\n .proposed_mint\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);\n }\n\n // Close the vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(false);\n }\n\n fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) {\n if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n }\n\n let finish_time = self\n .vote_end_time\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n\n if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded);\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {\n name: "OurToken".to_string(),\n symbol: "OT".to_string(),\n decimals: 0,\n initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),\n };\n\n let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n // The deployer, as the only token holder,\n // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.\n // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));\n\n // The tokens should now be staked.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());\n\n // Wait for the vote to end.\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n // Finish the vote.\n token.tally();\n\n // The tokens should now be minted.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));\n assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());\n\n // The stake should be returned.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));\n\n // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));\n\n // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));\n token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));\n\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n token.tally();\n\n // The power of community governance!\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));\n }\n}\n')))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Cargo.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"There a bunch of changes in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"features")," section and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"default-features")," flag from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra")," dependency."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Register bins you added in the previous step."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev-dependencies")," section with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra-test")," crate."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add recommended profiles for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"release")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev")," to optimize the build process.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Below you can compare the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:"),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.7.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-odratoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Odra.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file has been simplified. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," property is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"23-update-smart-contracts"},"2.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Smart Contracts")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Some type aliases are no longer in use.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::U512"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"EventData")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files"},"2.3.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Consider import ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::prelude::*")," in your module files.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings"},"2.3.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Flatten nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"Mapping"),"s.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// Before\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n// After\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"235-update-errors-definitions"},"2.3.5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update errors definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"236-update-events-definitions"},"2.3.6. 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,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nuse odra::types::event::OdraEvent;\n\nTransfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n}.emit();\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules"},"2.3.7. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"contract_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"self.env()")," in your modules.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()")," is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),". The API is similar to the previous ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env")," but with some changes."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_var(key: &[u8]) -> Option")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_value(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_var(key: &[u8], value: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_value(&self, key: &[u8], value: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_dict_value()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_dict_value()")," has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," type, internally using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_var()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_var()")," functions. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash>(input: T) -> Vec")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(error: E) -> !")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(&self, error: E) -> !"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(event: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(&self, event: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option) -> T")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"native_token_metadata()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"one_token()")," have been removed.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet"},"2.3.8. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Wrap submodules of your module with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::SubModule"),".")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: SubModule,\n metadata: SubModule,\n ownable: SubModule\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: Erc721Base,\n metadata: Erc721MetadataExtension,\n ownable: Ownable\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"239-update-external-contract-calls"},"2.3.9. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update external contract calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref"),") and you can call it using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address)")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref::at()"),")."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenRef::at(token).balance_of(account)\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2310-update-constructors"},"2.3.10. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update constructors.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::init]")," attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls"},"2.3.11. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"UnwrapOrRevert")," calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," now require ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&HostEnv")," as the first parameter."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition"},"2.3.12. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"#[odra(using)]")," attribute from your module definition.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"24-update-tests"},"2.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Tests")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"241-contract-deployment"},"2.4.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Contract deployment.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The way you deploy a contract has changed:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args)")," instead of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}Deployer::init()"),". The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),", required by the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableHostRef;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)\n\n// A contract with init args\nuse super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n};\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableDeployer;\n\nlet ownable = OwnableDeployer::init();\n\n// A contract with init args\nlet erc20 = Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"242-host-interactions"},"2.4.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Host interactions.")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The API of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()")," are similar, but there are some differences:",(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.advance_block_time(u64)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::token_balance(Address)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.balance_of(&Address)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::total_gas_used(Address)"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::gas_report()")," have been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef::last_call()")," and extract the data from a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::ContractCallResult")," instance. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef")," is a trait implemented by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),".")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios"},"2.4.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing failing scenarios.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," has been removed. You should use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix to call the function and then assert the result.\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult"))," type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount)\n });\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"244-testing-events"},"2.4.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing events.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," macro has been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::emitted_event()")," to assert the emitted events.\nThe new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation to explore the available options."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n...\n\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n));\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n));\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let erc20 = Erc20HostDeployer::init(&env, ...);\n\n...\n\nassert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs\n };\n use odra::{\n casper_types::U256,\n host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},\n prelude::*\n };\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::string::String;\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address, U256},\n Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert, Variable\n};\n\nuse self::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer}\n};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: &Option\n ) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = *initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .subtract(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::types::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n use odra::Event;\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::execution_error;\n\n execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref\n };\n use odra::prelude::string::ToString;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::casper_types::U256};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = test_env::get_account(0);\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6d263cfa.aa630ecb.js b/docs/assets/js/6d263cfa.aa630ecb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad4fa0832 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6d263cfa.aa630ecb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[52498],{75210:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Migrations","description":"How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.","slug":"/category/migrations","permalink":"/docs/category/migrations","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","permalink":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper"},"next":{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","permalink":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6d494689.242b10e3.js b/docs/assets/js/6d494689.242b10e3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..164bc4daa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6d494689.242b10e3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[61034],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=d(n),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return n?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.8.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining a constructor,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Var>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4")," - Firstly, we need to create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]")," attribute to it. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," is a type that will be defined later."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Event, OdraError};\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(Some(owner));\n \n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an Odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23-26")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," derive macro is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L12")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::revert()")," function with an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized")," argument. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L28-L32")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16")," - Finally, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::emit_event()")," passing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));\n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n });\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get_or_default() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n NotOwner = 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7,L31")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also, we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum by adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::caller()")," function. Then we update the state and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L21,L33")," - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," function returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"owner")," is of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option
")," the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," would return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option>"),", we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get_or_default()")," instead.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};\n\n fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {\n let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {\n owner: env.get_account(0)\n };\n (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n \n env.set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n\n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n assert_eq!(\n ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), \n Err(Error::NotOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()"),", which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7-L11")," - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),". Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute implements a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableInitArgs")," that we pass as the second argument of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-17")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-25")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". To get the env, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env()")," on the contract, then call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::emitted_event"),". As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::try_change_ownership()")," instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::change_ownership()"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"try")," functions return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraResult")," (an alias for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Result"),") instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::NotOwner")," error. To compare the error, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::into()")," function, which converts the error into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," type.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6e2102f2.32e24cdc.js b/docs/assets/js/6e2102f2.32e24cdc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d54b1028 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6e2102f2.32e24cdc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[7064],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/docs/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1707133556,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 5, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/next/category/backends"},next:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Host Env",id:"host-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM"),",\na complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),",\nor even a real blockchain - when using ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/casper"},"Livenet backend"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"host-env"},"Host Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6e5ab397.4d21bab4.js b/docs/assets/js/6e5ab397.4d21bab4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..145884ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6e5ab397.4d21bab4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[9954],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,h=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},o="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperDeployer")," - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros.\nThe contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/6f7f3f28.d907fa0c.js b/docs/assets/js/6f7f3f28.d907fa0c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acbc71fd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/6f7f3f28.d907fa0c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37591],{19732:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. 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a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711523026,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 27, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/70c316d8.760602b6.js b/docs/assets/js/70c316d8.760602b6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4474b7bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/70c316d8.760602b6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[28550],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function n(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,a)}return r}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(r),m=o,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return r?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var n=r.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var a=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.8.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. 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We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra main repository"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/70d9d1e8.d4709a4b.js b/docs/assets/js/70d9d1e8.d4709a4b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3649aeec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/70d9d1e8.d4709a4b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[64709],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=o,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],u={toc:d};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow minting tokens but only the module owner."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::types::{Address, Balance}\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Balance) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: Balance) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: Balance) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L11")," - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-L16")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L52")," - The same we do with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L61")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/71.05f6d099.js b/docs/assets/js/71.05f6d099.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9bb0add8a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/71.05f6d099.js @@ -0,0 +1,1327 @@ +"use strict"; +exports.id = 71; +exports.ids = [71]; +exports.modules = { + +/***/ 11071: +/***/ ((__unused_webpack_module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => { + +__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__); +/* harmony export */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, { +/* harmony export */ "diagram": () => (/* binding */ diagram) +/* harmony export */ }); +/* harmony import */ var _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__ = __webpack_require__(99794); +/* harmony import */ var d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(59373); +/* harmony import */ var khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__ = __webpack_require__(91619); +/* harmony import */ var khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__ = __webpack_require__(12281); +/* harmony import */ var khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_11__ = __webpack_require__(7201); +/* harmony import */ var moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(30381); +/* harmony import */ var moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(moment__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__); +/* harmony import */ var _braintree_sanitize_url__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__ = __webpack_require__(17967); +/* harmony import */ var dompurify__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__ = __webpack_require__(20683); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_dagre_index_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__ = __webpack_require__(70277); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_graphlib_index_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__ = __webpack_require__(45625); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es_src_graphlib_json_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__ = __webpack_require__(39354); +/* harmony import */ var dagre_d3_es__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_7__ = __webpack_require__(91518); + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +var parser = function() { + var o = function(k, v, o2, l) { + for (o2 = o2 || {}, l = k.length; l--; o2[k[l]] = v) + ; + return o2; + }, $V0 = [1, 2], $V1 = [1, 5], $V2 = [6, 9, 11, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28], $V3 = [1, 15], $V4 = [1, 16], $V5 = [1, 17], $V6 = [1, 18], $V7 = [1, 19], $V8 = [1, 23], $V9 = [1, 24], $Va = [1, 27], $Vb = [4, 6, 9, 11, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28]; + var parser2 = { + trace: function trace() { + }, + yy: {}, + symbols_: { "error": 2, "start": 3, "timeline": 4, "document": 5, "EOF": 6, "directive": 7, "line": 8, "SPACE": 9, "statement": 10, "NEWLINE": 11, "openDirective": 12, "typeDirective": 13, "closeDirective": 14, ":": 15, "argDirective": 16, "title": 17, "acc_title": 18, "acc_title_value": 19, "acc_descr": 20, "acc_descr_value": 21, "acc_descr_multiline_value": 22, "section": 23, "period_statement": 24, "event_statement": 25, "period": 26, "event": 27, "open_directive": 28, "type_directive": 29, "arg_directive": 30, "close_directive": 31, "$accept": 0, "$end": 1 }, + terminals_: { 2: "error", 4: "timeline", 6: "EOF", 9: "SPACE", 11: "NEWLINE", 15: ":", 17: "title", 18: "acc_title", 19: "acc_title_value", 20: "acc_descr", 21: "acc_descr_value", 22: "acc_descr_multiline_value", 23: "section", 26: "period", 27: "event", 28: "open_directive", 29: "type_directive", 30: "arg_directive", 31: "close_directive" }, + productions_: [0, [3, 3], [3, 2], [5, 0], [5, 2], [8, 2], [8, 1], [8, 1], [8, 1], [7, 4], [7, 6], [10, 1], [10, 2], [10, 2], [10, 1], [10, 1], [10, 1], [10, 1], [10, 1], [24, 1], [25, 1], [12, 1], [13, 1], [16, 1], [14, 1]], + performAction: function anonymous(yytext, yyleng, yylineno, yy, yystate, $$, _$) { + var $0 = $$.length - 1; + switch (yystate) { + case 1: + return $$[$0 - 1]; + case 3: + this.$ = []; + break; + case 4: + $$[$0 - 1].push($$[$0]); + this.$ = $$[$0 - 1]; + break; + case 5: + case 6: + this.$ = $$[$0]; + break; + case 7: + case 8: + this.$ = []; + break; + case 11: + yy.getCommonDb().setDiagramTitle($$[$0].substr(6)); + this.$ = $$[$0].substr(6); + break; + case 12: + this.$ = $$[$0].trim(); + yy.getCommonDb().setAccTitle(this.$); + break; + case 13: + case 14: + this.$ = $$[$0].trim(); + yy.getCommonDb().setAccDescription(this.$); + break; + case 15: + yy.addSection($$[$0].substr(8)); + this.$ = $$[$0].substr(8); + break; + case 19: + yy.addTask($$[$0], 0, ""); + this.$ = $$[$0]; + break; + case 20: + yy.addEvent($$[$0].substr(2)); + this.$ = $$[$0]; + break; + case 21: + yy.parseDirective("%%{", "open_directive"); + break; + case 22: + yy.parseDirective($$[$0], "type_directive"); + break; + case 23: + $$[$0] = $$[$0].trim().replace(/'/g, '"'); + yy.parseDirective($$[$0], "arg_directive"); + break; + case 24: + yy.parseDirective("}%%", "close_directive", "timeline"); + break; + } + }, + table: [{ 3: 1, 4: $V0, 7: 3, 12: 4, 28: $V1 }, { 1: [3] }, o($V2, [2, 3], { 5: 6 }), { 3: 7, 4: $V0, 7: 3, 12: 4, 28: $V1 }, { 13: 8, 29: [1, 9] }, { 29: [2, 21] }, { 6: [1, 10], 7: 22, 8: 11, 9: [1, 12], 10: 13, 11: [1, 14], 12: 4, 17: $V3, 18: $V4, 20: $V5, 22: $V6, 23: $V7, 24: 20, 25: 21, 26: $V8, 27: $V9, 28: $V1 }, { 1: [2, 2] }, { 14: 25, 15: [1, 26], 31: $Va }, o([15, 31], [2, 22]), o($V2, [2, 8], { 1: [2, 1] }), o($V2, [2, 4]), { 7: 22, 10: 28, 12: 4, 17: $V3, 18: $V4, 20: $V5, 22: $V6, 23: $V7, 24: 20, 25: 21, 26: $V8, 27: $V9, 28: $V1 }, o($V2, [2, 6]), o($V2, [2, 7]), o($V2, [2, 11]), { 19: [1, 29] }, { 21: [1, 30] }, o($V2, [2, 14]), o($V2, [2, 15]), o($V2, [2, 16]), o($V2, [2, 17]), o($V2, [2, 18]), o($V2, [2, 19]), o($V2, [2, 20]), { 11: [1, 31] }, { 16: 32, 30: [1, 33] }, { 11: [2, 24] }, o($V2, [2, 5]), o($V2, [2, 12]), o($V2, [2, 13]), o($Vb, [2, 9]), { 14: 34, 31: $Va }, { 31: [2, 23] }, { 11: [1, 35] }, o($Vb, [2, 10])], + defaultActions: { 5: [2, 21], 7: [2, 2], 27: [2, 24], 33: [2, 23] }, + parseError: function parseError(str, hash) { + if (hash.recoverable) { + this.trace(str); + } else { + var error = new Error(str); + error.hash = hash; + throw error; + } + }, + parse: function parse(input) { + var self = this, stack = [0], tstack = [], vstack = [null], lstack = [], table = this.table, yytext = "", yylineno = 0, yyleng = 0, TERROR = 2, EOF = 1; + var args = lstack.slice.call(arguments, 1); + var lexer2 = Object.create(this.lexer); + var sharedState = { yy: {} }; + for (var k in this.yy) { + if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy, k)) { + sharedState.yy[k] = this.yy[k]; + } + } + lexer2.setInput(input, sharedState.yy); + sharedState.yy.lexer = lexer2; + sharedState.yy.parser = this; + if (typeof lexer2.yylloc == "undefined") { + lexer2.yylloc = {}; + } + var yyloc = lexer2.yylloc; + lstack.push(yyloc); + var ranges = lexer2.options && lexer2.options.ranges; + if (typeof sharedState.yy.parseError === "function") { + this.parseError = sharedState.yy.parseError; + } else { + this.parseError = Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError; + } + function lex() { + var token; + token = tstack.pop() || lexer2.lex() || EOF; + if (typeof token !== "number") { + if (token instanceof Array) { + tstack = token; + token = tstack.pop(); + } + token = self.symbols_[token] || token; + } + return token; + } + var symbol, state, action, r, yyval = {}, p, len, newState, expected; + while (true) { + state = stack[stack.length - 1]; + if (this.defaultActions[state]) { + action = this.defaultActions[state]; + } else { + if (symbol === null || typeof symbol == "undefined") { + symbol = lex(); + } + action = table[state] && table[state][symbol]; + } + if (typeof action === "undefined" || !action.length || !action[0]) { + var errStr = ""; + expected = []; + for (p in table[state]) { + if (this.terminals_[p] && p > TERROR) { + expected.push("'" + this.terminals_[p] + "'"); + } + } + if (lexer2.showPosition) { + errStr = "Parse error on line " + (yylineno + 1) + ":\n" + lexer2.showPosition() + "\nExpecting " + expected.join(", ") + ", got '" + (this.terminals_[symbol] || symbol) + "'"; + } else { + errStr = "Parse error on line " + (yylineno + 1) + ": Unexpected " + (symbol == EOF ? "end of input" : "'" + (this.terminals_[symbol] || symbol) + "'"); + } + this.parseError(errStr, { + text: lexer2.match, + token: this.terminals_[symbol] || symbol, + line: lexer2.yylineno, + loc: yyloc, + expected + }); + } + if (action[0] instanceof Array && action.length > 1) { + throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: " + state + ", token: " + symbol); + } + switch (action[0]) { + case 1: + stack.push(symbol); + vstack.push(lexer2.yytext); + lstack.push(lexer2.yylloc); + stack.push(action[1]); + symbol = null; + { + yyleng = lexer2.yyleng; + yytext = lexer2.yytext; + yylineno = lexer2.yylineno; + yyloc = lexer2.yylloc; + } + break; + case 2: + len = this.productions_[action[1]][1]; + yyval.$ = vstack[vstack.length - len]; + yyval._$ = { + first_line: lstack[lstack.length - (len || 1)].first_line, + last_line: lstack[lstack.length - 1].last_line, + first_column: lstack[lstack.length - (len || 1)].first_column, + last_column: lstack[lstack.length - 1].last_column + }; + if (ranges) { + yyval._$.range = [ + lstack[lstack.length - (len || 1)].range[0], + lstack[lstack.length - 1].range[1] + ]; + } + r = this.performAction.apply(yyval, [ + yytext, + yyleng, + yylineno, + sharedState.yy, + action[1], + vstack, + lstack + ].concat(args)); + if (typeof r !== "undefined") { + return r; + } + if (len) { + stack = stack.slice(0, -1 * len * 2); + vstack = vstack.slice(0, -1 * len); + lstack = lstack.slice(0, -1 * len); + } + stack.push(this.productions_[action[1]][0]); + vstack.push(yyval.$); + lstack.push(yyval._$); + newState = table[stack[stack.length - 2]][stack[stack.length - 1]]; + stack.push(newState); + break; + case 3: + return true; + } + } + return true; + } + }; + var lexer = function() { + var lexer2 = { + EOF: 1, + parseError: function parseError(str, hash) { + if (this.yy.parser) { + this.yy.parser.parseError(str, hash); + } else { + throw new Error(str); + } + }, + setInput: function(input, yy) { + this.yy = yy || this.yy || {}; + this._input = input; + this._more = this._backtrack = this.done = false; + this.yylineno = this.yyleng = 0; + this.yytext = this.matched = this.match = ""; + this.conditionStack = ["INITIAL"]; + this.yylloc = { + first_line: 1, + first_column: 0, + last_line: 1, + last_column: 0 + }; + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range = [0, 0]; + } + this.offset = 0; + return this; + }, + input: function() { + var ch = this._input[0]; + this.yytext += ch; + this.yyleng++; + this.offset++; + this.match += ch; + this.matched += ch; + var lines = ch.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g); + if (lines) { + this.yylineno++; + this.yylloc.last_line++; + } else { + this.yylloc.last_column++; + } + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range[1]++; + } + this._input = this._input.slice(1); + return ch; + }, + unput: function(ch) { + var len = ch.length; + var lines = ch.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g); + this._input = ch + this._input; + this.yytext = this.yytext.substr(0, this.yytext.length - len); + this.offset -= len; + var oldLines = this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g); + this.match = this.match.substr(0, this.match.length - 1); + this.matched = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - 1); + if (lines.length - 1) { + this.yylineno -= lines.length - 1; + } + var r = this.yylloc.range; + this.yylloc = { + first_line: this.yylloc.first_line, + last_line: this.yylineno + 1, + first_column: this.yylloc.first_column, + last_column: lines ? (lines.length === oldLines.length ? this.yylloc.first_column : 0) + oldLines[oldLines.length - lines.length].length - lines[0].length : this.yylloc.first_column - len + }; + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range = [r[0], r[0] + this.yyleng - len]; + } + this.yyleng = this.yytext.length; + return this; + }, + more: function() { + this._more = true; + return this; + }, + reject: function() { + if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) { + this._backtrack = true; + } else { + return this.parseError("Lexical error on line " + (this.yylineno + 1) + ". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n" + this.showPosition(), { + text: "", + token: null, + line: this.yylineno + }); + } + return this; + }, + less: function(n) { + this.unput(this.match.slice(n)); + }, + pastInput: function() { + var past = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - this.match.length); + return (past.length > 20 ? "..." : "") + past.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g, ""); + }, + upcomingInput: function() { + var next = this.match; + if (next.length < 20) { + next += this._input.substr(0, 20 - next.length); + } + return (next.substr(0, 20) + (next.length > 20 ? "..." : "")).replace(/\n/g, ""); + }, + showPosition: function() { + var pre = this.pastInput(); + var c = new Array(pre.length + 1).join("-"); + return pre + this.upcomingInput() + "\n" + c + "^"; + }, + test_match: function(match, indexed_rule) { + var token, lines, backup; + if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) { + backup = { + yylineno: this.yylineno, + yylloc: { + first_line: this.yylloc.first_line, + last_line: this.last_line, + first_column: this.yylloc.first_column, + last_column: this.yylloc.last_column + }, + yytext: this.yytext, + match: this.match, + matches: this.matches, + matched: this.matched, + yyleng: this.yyleng, + offset: this.offset, + _more: this._more, + _input: this._input, + yy: this.yy, + conditionStack: this.conditionStack.slice(0), + done: this.done + }; + if (this.options.ranges) { + backup.yylloc.range = this.yylloc.range.slice(0); + } + } + lines = match[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g); + if (lines) { + this.yylineno += lines.length; + } + this.yylloc = { + first_line: this.yylloc.last_line, + last_line: this.yylineno + 1, + first_column: this.yylloc.last_column, + last_column: lines ? lines[lines.length - 1].length - lines[lines.length - 1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length : this.yylloc.last_column + match[0].length + }; + this.yytext += match[0]; + this.match += match[0]; + this.matches = match; + this.yyleng = this.yytext.length; + if (this.options.ranges) { + this.yylloc.range = [this.offset, this.offset += this.yyleng]; + } + this._more = false; + this._backtrack = false; + this._input = this._input.slice(match[0].length); + this.matched += match[0]; + token = this.performAction.call(this, this.yy, this, indexed_rule, this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]); + if (this.done && this._input) { + this.done = false; + } + if (token) { + return token; + } else if (this._backtrack) { + for (var k in backup) { + this[k] = backup[k]; + } + return false; + } + return false; + }, + next: function() { + if (this.done) { + return this.EOF; + } + if (!this._input) { + this.done = true; + } + var token, match, tempMatch, index; + if (!this._more) { + this.yytext = ""; + this.match = ""; + } + var rules = this._currentRules(); + for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) { + tempMatch = this._input.match(this.rules[rules[i]]); + if (tempMatch && (!match || tempMatch[0].length > match[0].length)) { + match = tempMatch; + index = i; + if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) { + token = this.test_match(tempMatch, rules[i]); + if (token !== false) { + return token; + } else if (this._backtrack) { + match = false; + continue; + } else { + return false; + } + } else if (!this.options.flex) { + break; + } + } + } + if (match) { + token = this.test_match(match, rules[index]); + if (token !== false) { + return token; + } + return false; + } + if (this._input === "") { + return this.EOF; + } else { + return this.parseError("Lexical error on line " + (this.yylineno + 1) + ". Unrecognized text.\n" + this.showPosition(), { + text: "", + token: null, + line: this.yylineno + }); + } + }, + lex: function lex() { + var r = this.next(); + if (r) { + return r; + } else { + return this.lex(); + } + }, + begin: function begin(condition) { + this.conditionStack.push(condition); + }, + popState: function popState() { + var n = this.conditionStack.length - 1; + if (n > 0) { + return this.conditionStack.pop(); + } else { + return this.conditionStack[0]; + } + }, + _currentRules: function _currentRules() { + if (this.conditionStack.length && this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]) { + return this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]].rules; + } else { + return this.conditions["INITIAL"].rules; + } + }, + topState: function topState(n) { + n = this.conditionStack.length - 1 - Math.abs(n || 0); + if (n >= 0) { + return this.conditionStack[n]; + } else { + return "INITIAL"; + } + }, + pushState: function pushState(condition) { + this.begin(condition); + }, + stateStackSize: function stateStackSize() { + return this.conditionStack.length; + }, + options: { "case-insensitive": true }, + performAction: function anonymous(yy, yy_, $avoiding_name_collisions, YY_START) { + switch ($avoiding_name_collisions) { + case 0: + this.begin("open_directive"); + return 28; + case 1: + this.begin("type_directive"); + return 29; + case 2: + this.popState(); + this.begin("arg_directive"); + return 15; + case 3: + this.popState(); + this.popState(); + return 31; + case 4: + return 30; + case 5: + break; + case 6: + break; + case 7: + return 11; + case 8: + break; + case 9: + break; + case 10: + return 4; + case 11: + return 17; + case 12: + this.begin("acc_title"); + return 18; + case 13: + this.popState(); + return "acc_title_value"; + case 14: + this.begin("acc_descr"); + return 20; + case 15: + this.popState(); + return "acc_descr_value"; + case 16: + this.begin("acc_descr_multiline"); + break; + case 17: + this.popState(); + break; + case 18: + return "acc_descr_multiline_value"; + case 19: + return 23; + case 20: + return 27; + case 21: + return 26; + case 22: + return 6; + case 23: + return "INVALID"; + } + }, + rules: [/^(?:%%\{)/i, /^(?:((?:(?!\}%%)[^:.])*))/i, /^(?::)/i, /^(?:\}%%)/i, /^(?:((?:(?!\}%%).|\n)*))/i, /^(?:%(?!\{)[^\n]*)/i, /^(?:[^\}]%%[^\n]*)/i, /^(?:[\n]+)/i, /^(?:\s+)/i, /^(?:#[^\n]*)/i, /^(?:timeline\b)/i, /^(?:title\s[^#\n;]+)/i, /^(?:accTitle\s*:\s*)/i, /^(?:(?!\n||)*[^\n]*)/i, /^(?:accDescr\s*:\s*)/i, /^(?:(?!\n||)*[^\n]*)/i, /^(?:accDescr\s*\{\s*)/i, /^(?:[\}])/i, /^(?:[^\}]*)/i, /^(?:section\s[^#:\n;]+)/i, /^(?::\s[^#:\n;]+)/i, /^(?:[^#:\n;]+)/i, /^(?:$)/i, /^(?:.)/i], + conditions: { "open_directive": { "rules": [1], "inclusive": false }, "type_directive": { "rules": [2, 3], "inclusive": false }, "arg_directive": { "rules": [3, 4], "inclusive": false }, "acc_descr_multiline": { "rules": [17, 18], "inclusive": false }, "acc_descr": { "rules": [15], "inclusive": false }, "acc_title": { "rules": [13], "inclusive": false }, "INITIAL": { "rules": [0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23], "inclusive": true } } + }; + return lexer2; + }(); + parser2.lexer = lexer; + function Parser() { + this.yy = {}; + } + Parser.prototype = parser2; + parser2.Parser = Parser; + return new Parser(); +}(); +parser.parser = parser; +const parser$1 = parser; +let currentSection = ""; +let currentTaskId = 0; +const sections = []; +const tasks = []; +const rawTasks = []; +const getCommonDb = () => _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.j; +const parseDirective = (statement, context, type) => { + (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.k)(globalThis, statement, context, type); +}; +const clear = function() { + sections.length = 0; + tasks.length = 0; + currentSection = ""; + rawTasks.length = 0; + (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.m)(); +}; +const addSection = function(txt) { + currentSection = txt; + sections.push(txt); +}; +const getSections = function() { + return sections; +}; +const getTasks = function() { + let allItemsProcessed = compileTasks(); + const maxDepth = 100; + let iterationCount = 0; + while (!allItemsProcessed && iterationCount < maxDepth) { + allItemsProcessed = compileTasks(); + iterationCount++; + } + tasks.push(...rawTasks); + return tasks; +}; +const addTask = function(period, length, event) { + const rawTask = { + id: currentTaskId++, + section: currentSection, + type: currentSection, + task: period, + score: length ? length : 0, + events: event ? [event] : [] + }; + rawTasks.push(rawTask); +}; +const addEvent = function(event) { + const currentTask = rawTasks.find((task) => task.id === currentTaskId - 1); + currentTask.events.push(event); +}; +const addTaskOrg = function(descr) { + const newTask = { + section: currentSection, + type: currentSection, + description: descr, + task: descr, + classes: [] + }; + tasks.push(newTask); +}; +const compileTasks = function() { + const compileTask = function(pos) { + return rawTasks[pos].processed; + }; + let allProcessed = true; + for (const [i, rawTask] of rawTasks.entries()) { + compileTask(i); + allProcessed = allProcessed && rawTask.processed; + } + return allProcessed; +}; +const timelineDb = { + clear, + getCommonDb, + addSection, + getSections, + getTasks, + addTask, + addTaskOrg, + addEvent, + parseDirective +}; +const db = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze(/* @__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty({ + __proto__: null, + getCommonDb, + parseDirective, + clear, + addSection, + getSections, + getTasks, + addTask, + addEvent, + addTaskOrg, + default: timelineDb +}, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: "Module" })); +const MAX_SECTIONS = 12; +const drawRect = function(elem, rectData) { + const rectElem = elem.append("rect"); + rectElem.attr("x", rectData.x); + rectElem.attr("y", rectData.y); + rectElem.attr("fill", rectData.fill); + rectElem.attr("stroke", rectData.stroke); + rectElem.attr("width", rectData.width); + rectElem.attr("height", rectData.height); + rectElem.attr("rx", rectData.rx); + rectElem.attr("ry", rectData.ry); + if (rectData.class !== void 0) { + rectElem.attr("class", rectData.class); + } + return rectElem; +}; +const drawFace = function(element, faceData) { + const radius = 15; + const circleElement = element.append("circle").attr("cx", faceData.cx).attr("cy", faceData.cy).attr("class", "face").attr("r", radius).attr("stroke-width", 2).attr("overflow", "visible"); + const face = element.append("g"); + face.append("circle").attr("cx", faceData.cx - radius / 3).attr("cy", faceData.cy - radius / 3).attr("r", 1.5).attr("stroke-width", 2).attr("fill", "#666").attr("stroke", "#666"); + face.append("circle").attr("cx", faceData.cx + radius / 3).attr("cy", faceData.cy - radius / 3).attr("r", 1.5).attr("stroke-width", 2).attr("fill", "#666").attr("stroke", "#666"); + function smile(face2) { + const arc$1 = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .arc */ .Nb1)().startAngle(Math.PI / 2).endAngle(3 * (Math.PI / 2)).innerRadius(radius / 2).outerRadius(radius / 2.2); + face2.append("path").attr("class", "mouth").attr("d", arc$1).attr("transform", "translate(" + faceData.cx + "," + (faceData.cy + 2) + ")"); + } + function sad(face2) { + const arc$1 = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .arc */ .Nb1)().startAngle(3 * Math.PI / 2).endAngle(5 * (Math.PI / 2)).innerRadius(radius / 2).outerRadius(radius / 2.2); + face2.append("path").attr("class", "mouth").attr("d", arc$1).attr("transform", "translate(" + faceData.cx + "," + (faceData.cy + 7) + ")"); + } + function ambivalent(face2) { + face2.append("line").attr("class", "mouth").attr("stroke", 2).attr("x1", faceData.cx - 5).attr("y1", faceData.cy + 7).attr("x2", faceData.cx + 5).attr("y2", faceData.cy + 7).attr("class", "mouth").attr("stroke-width", "1px").attr("stroke", "#666"); + } + if (faceData.score > 3) { + smile(face); + } else if (faceData.score < 3) { + sad(face); + } else { + ambivalent(face); + } + return circleElement; +}; +const drawCircle = function(element, circleData) { + const circleElement = element.append("circle"); + circleElement.attr("cx", circleData.cx); + circleElement.attr("cy", circleData.cy); + circleElement.attr("class", "actor-" + circleData.pos); + circleElement.attr("fill", circleData.fill); + circleElement.attr("stroke", circleData.stroke); + circleElement.attr("r", circleData.r); + if (circleElement.class !== void 0) { + circleElement.attr("class", circleElement.class); + } + if (circleData.title !== void 0) { + circleElement.append("title").text(circleData.title); + } + return circleElement; +}; +const drawText = function(elem, textData) { + const nText = textData.text.replace(//gi, " "); + const textElem = elem.append("text"); + textElem.attr("x", textData.x); + textElem.attr("y", textData.y); + textElem.attr("class", "legend"); + textElem.style("text-anchor", textData.anchor); + if (textData.class !== void 0) { + textElem.attr("class", textData.class); + } + const span = textElem.append("tspan"); + span.attr("x", textData.x + textData.textMargin * 2); + span.text(nText); + return textElem; +}; +const drawLabel = function(elem, txtObject) { + function genPoints(x, y, width, height, cut) { + return x + "," + y + " " + (x + width) + "," + y + " " + (x + width) + "," + (y + height - cut) + " " + (x + width - cut * 1.2) + "," + (y + height) + " " + x + "," + (y + height); + } + const polygon = elem.append("polygon"); + polygon.attr("points", genPoints(txtObject.x, txtObject.y, 50, 20, 7)); + polygon.attr("class", "labelBox"); + txtObject.y = txtObject.y + txtObject.labelMargin; + txtObject.x = txtObject.x + 0.5 * txtObject.labelMargin; + drawText(elem, txtObject); +}; +const drawSection = function(elem, section, conf2) { + const g = elem.append("g"); + const rect = getNoteRect(); + rect.x = section.x; + rect.y = section.y; + rect.fill = section.fill; + rect.width = conf2.width; + rect.height = conf2.height; + rect.class = "journey-section section-type-" + section.num; + rect.rx = 3; + rect.ry = 3; + drawRect(g, rect); + _drawTextCandidateFunc(conf2)( + section.text, + g, + rect.x, + rect.y, + rect.width, + rect.height, + { class: "journey-section section-type-" + section.num }, + conf2, + section.colour + ); +}; +let taskCount = -1; +const drawTask = function(elem, task, conf2) { + const center = task.x + conf2.width / 2; + const g = elem.append("g"); + taskCount++; + const maxHeight = 300 + 5 * 30; + g.append("line").attr("id", "task" + taskCount).attr("x1", center).attr("y1", task.y).attr("x2", center).attr("y2", maxHeight).attr("class", "task-line").attr("stroke-width", "1px").attr("stroke-dasharray", "4 2").attr("stroke", "#666"); + drawFace(g, { + cx: center, + cy: 300 + (5 - task.score) * 30, + score: task.score + }); + const rect = getNoteRect(); + rect.x = task.x; + rect.y = task.y; + rect.fill = task.fill; + rect.width = conf2.width; + rect.height = conf2.height; + rect.class = "task task-type-" + task.num; + rect.rx = 3; + rect.ry = 3; + drawRect(g, rect); + task.x + 14; + _drawTextCandidateFunc(conf2)( + task.task, + g, + rect.x, + rect.y, + rect.width, + rect.height, + { class: "task" }, + conf2, + task.colour + ); +}; +const drawBackgroundRect = function(elem, bounds) { + const rectElem = drawRect(elem, { + x: bounds.startx, + y: bounds.starty, + width: bounds.stopx - bounds.startx, + height: bounds.stopy - bounds.starty, + fill: bounds.fill, + class: "rect" + }); + rectElem.lower(); +}; +const getTextObj = function() { + return { + x: 0, + y: 0, + fill: void 0, + "text-anchor": "start", + width: 100, + height: 100, + textMargin: 0, + rx: 0, + ry: 0 + }; +}; +const getNoteRect = function() { + return { + x: 0, + y: 0, + width: 100, + anchor: "start", + height: 100, + rx: 0, + ry: 0 + }; +}; +const _drawTextCandidateFunc = function() { + function byText(content, g, x, y, width, height, textAttrs, colour) { + const text = g.append("text").attr("x", x + width / 2).attr("y", y + height / 2 + 5).style("font-color", colour).style("text-anchor", "middle").text(content); + _setTextAttrs(text, textAttrs); + } + function byTspan(content, g, x, y, width, height, textAttrs, conf2, colour) { + const { taskFontSize, taskFontFamily } = conf2; + const lines = content.split(//gi); + for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) { + const dy = i * taskFontSize - taskFontSize * (lines.length - 1) / 2; + const text = g.append("text").attr("x", x + width / 2).attr("y", y).attr("fill", colour).style("text-anchor", "middle").style("font-size", taskFontSize).style("font-family", taskFontFamily); + text.append("tspan").attr("x", x + width / 2).attr("dy", dy).text(lines[i]); + text.attr("y", y + height / 2).attr("dominant-baseline", "central").attr("alignment-baseline", "central"); + _setTextAttrs(text, textAttrs); + } + } + function byFo(content, g, x, y, width, height, textAttrs, conf2) { + const body = g.append("switch"); + const f = body.append("foreignObject").attr("x", x).attr("y", y).attr("width", width).attr("height", height).attr("position", "fixed"); + const text = f.append("xhtml:div").style("display", "table").style("height", "100%").style("width", "100%"); + text.append("div").attr("class", "label").style("display", "table-cell").style("text-align", "center").style("vertical-align", "middle").text(content); + byTspan(content, body, x, y, width, height, textAttrs, conf2); + _setTextAttrs(text, textAttrs); + } + function _setTextAttrs(toText, fromTextAttrsDict) { + for (const key in fromTextAttrsDict) { + if (key in fromTextAttrsDict) { + toText.attr(key, fromTextAttrsDict[key]); + } + } + } + return function(conf2) { + return conf2.textPlacement === "fo" ? byFo : conf2.textPlacement === "old" ? byText : byTspan; + }; +}(); +const initGraphics = function(graphics) { + graphics.append("defs").append("marker").attr("id", "arrowhead").attr("refX", 5).attr("refY", 2).attr("markerWidth", 6).attr("markerHeight", 4).attr("orient", "auto").append("path").attr("d", "M 0,0 V 4 L6,2 Z"); +}; +function wrap(text, width) { + text.each(function() { + var text2 = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)(this), words = text2.text().split(/(\s+|
)/).reverse(), word, line = [], lineHeight = 1.1, y = text2.attr("y"), dy = parseFloat(text2.attr("dy")), tspan = text2.text(null).append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", dy + "em"); + for (let j = 0; j < words.length; j++) { + word = words[words.length - 1 - j]; + line.push(word); + tspan.text(line.join(" ").trim()); + if (tspan.node().getComputedTextLength() > width || word === "
") { + line.pop(); + tspan.text(line.join(" ").trim()); + if (word === "
") { + line = [""]; + } else { + line = [word]; + } + tspan = text2.append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", lineHeight + "em").text(word); + } + } + }); +} +const drawNode = function(elem, node, fullSection, conf2) { + const section = fullSection % MAX_SECTIONS - 1; + const nodeElem = elem.append("g"); + node.section = section; + nodeElem.attr( + "class", + (node.class ? node.class + " " : "") + "timeline-node " + ("section-" + section) + ); + const bkgElem = nodeElem.append("g"); + const textElem = nodeElem.append("g"); + const txt = textElem.append("text").text(node.descr).attr("dy", "1em").attr("alignment-baseline", "middle").attr("dominant-baseline", "middle").attr("text-anchor", "middle").call(wrap, node.width); + const bbox = txt.node().getBBox(); + const fontSize = conf2.fontSize && conf2.fontSize.replace ? conf2.fontSize.replace("px", "") : conf2.fontSize; + node.height = bbox.height + fontSize * 1.1 * 0.5 + node.padding; + node.height = Math.max(node.height, node.maxHeight); + node.width = node.width + 2 * node.padding; + textElem.attr("transform", "translate(" + node.width / 2 + ", " + node.padding / 2 + ")"); + defaultBkg(bkgElem, node, section); + return node; +}; +const getVirtualNodeHeight = function(elem, node, conf2) { + const textElem = elem.append("g"); + const txt = textElem.append("text").text(node.descr).attr("dy", "1em").attr("alignment-baseline", "middle").attr("dominant-baseline", "middle").attr("text-anchor", "middle").call(wrap, node.width); + const bbox = txt.node().getBBox(); + const fontSize = conf2.fontSize && conf2.fontSize.replace ? conf2.fontSize.replace("px", "") : conf2.fontSize; + textElem.remove(); + return bbox.height + fontSize * 1.1 * 0.5 + node.padding; +}; +const defaultBkg = function(elem, node, section) { + const rd = 5; + elem.append("path").attr("id", "node-" + node.id).attr("class", "node-bkg node-" + node.type).attr( + "d", + `M0 ${node.height - rd} v${-node.height + 2 * rd} q0,-5 5,-5 h${node.width - 2 * rd} q5,0 5,5 v${node.height - rd} H0 Z` + ); + elem.append("line").attr("class", "node-line-" + section).attr("x1", 0).attr("y1", node.height).attr("x2", node.width).attr("y2", node.height); +}; +const svgDraw = { + drawRect, + drawCircle, + drawSection, + drawText, + drawLabel, + drawTask, + drawBackgroundRect, + getTextObj, + getNoteRect, + initGraphics, + drawNode, + getVirtualNodeHeight +}; +const setConf = function(cnf) { + const keys = Object.keys(cnf); + keys.forEach(function(key) { + conf[key] = cnf[key]; + }); +}; +const draw = function(text, id, version, diagObj) { + const conf2 = (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.g)(); + const LEFT_MARGIN = conf2.leftMargin ? conf2.leftMargin : 50; + diagObj.db.clear(); + diagObj.parser.parse(text + "\n"); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("timeline", diagObj.db); + const securityLevel = conf2.securityLevel; + let sandboxElement; + if (securityLevel === "sandbox") { + sandboxElement = (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("#i" + id); + } + const root = securityLevel === "sandbox" ? (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)(sandboxElement.nodes()[0].contentDocument.body) : (0,d3__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__/* .select */ .Ys)("body"); + const svg = root.select("#" + id); + svg.append("g"); + const tasks2 = diagObj.db.getTasks(); + const title = diagObj.db.getCommonDb().getDiagramTitle(); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("task", tasks2); + svgDraw.initGraphics(svg); + const sections2 = diagObj.db.getSections(); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("sections", sections2); + let maxSectionHeight = 0; + let maxTaskHeight = 0; + let depthY = 0; + let sectionBeginY = 0; + let masterX = 50 + LEFT_MARGIN; + let masterY = 50; + sectionBeginY = 50; + let sectionNumber = 0; + let hasSections = true; + sections2.forEach(function(section) { + const sectionNode = { + number: sectionNumber, + descr: section, + section: sectionNumber, + width: 150, + padding: 20, + maxHeight: maxSectionHeight + }; + const sectionHeight = svgDraw.getVirtualNodeHeight(svg, sectionNode, conf2); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("sectionHeight before draw", sectionHeight); + maxSectionHeight = Math.max(maxSectionHeight, sectionHeight + 20); + }); + let maxEventCount = 0; + let maxEventLineLength = 0; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("tasks.length", tasks2.length); + for (const [i, task] of tasks2.entries()) { + const taskNode = { + number: i, + descr: task, + section: task.section, + width: 150, + padding: 20, + maxHeight: maxTaskHeight + }; + const taskHeight = svgDraw.getVirtualNodeHeight(svg, taskNode, conf2); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("taskHeight before draw", taskHeight); + maxTaskHeight = Math.max(maxTaskHeight, taskHeight + 20); + maxEventCount = Math.max(maxEventCount, task.events.length); + let maxEventLineLengthTemp = 0; + for (let j = 0; j < task.events.length; j++) { + const event = task.events[j]; + const eventNode = { + descr: event, + section: task.section, + number: task.section, + width: 150, + padding: 20, + maxHeight: 50 + }; + maxEventLineLengthTemp += svgDraw.getVirtualNodeHeight(svg, eventNode, conf2); + } + maxEventLineLength = Math.max(maxEventLineLength, maxEventLineLengthTemp); + } + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("maxSectionHeight before draw", maxSectionHeight); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("maxTaskHeight before draw", maxTaskHeight); + if (sections2 && sections2.length > 0) { + sections2.forEach((section) => { + const sectionNode = { + number: sectionNumber, + descr: section, + section: sectionNumber, + width: 150, + padding: 20, + maxHeight: maxSectionHeight + }; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("sectionNode", sectionNode); + const sectionNodeWrapper = svg.append("g"); + const node = svgDraw.drawNode(sectionNodeWrapper, sectionNode, sectionNumber, conf2); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("sectionNode output", node); + sectionNodeWrapper.attr("transform", `translate(${masterX}, ${sectionBeginY})`); + masterY += maxSectionHeight + 50; + const tasksForSection = tasks2.filter((task) => task.section === section); + if (tasksForSection.length > 0) { + drawTasks( + svg, + tasksForSection, + sectionNumber, + masterX, + masterY, + maxTaskHeight, + conf2, + maxEventCount, + maxEventLineLength, + maxSectionHeight, + false + ); + } + masterX += 200 * Math.max(tasksForSection.length, 1); + masterY = sectionBeginY; + sectionNumber++; + }); + } else { + hasSections = false; + drawTasks( + svg, + tasks2, + sectionNumber, + masterX, + masterY, + maxTaskHeight, + conf2, + maxEventCount, + maxEventLineLength, + maxSectionHeight, + true + ); + } + const box = svg.node().getBBox(); + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("bounds", box); + if (title) { + svg.append("text").text(title).attr("x", box.width / 2 - LEFT_MARGIN).attr("font-size", "4ex").attr("font-weight", "bold").attr("y", 20); + } + depthY = hasSections ? maxSectionHeight + maxTaskHeight + 150 : maxTaskHeight + 100; + const lineWrapper = svg.append("g").attr("class", "lineWrapper"); + lineWrapper.append("line").attr("x1", LEFT_MARGIN).attr("y1", depthY).attr("x2", box.width + 3 * LEFT_MARGIN).attr("y2", depthY).attr("stroke-width", 4).attr("stroke", "black").attr("marker-end", "url(#arrowhead)"); + (0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.s)( + void 0, + svg, + conf2.timeline.padding ? conf2.timeline.padding : 50, + conf2.timeline.useMaxWidth ? conf2.timeline.useMaxWidth : false + ); +}; +const drawTasks = function(diagram2, tasks2, sectionColor, masterX, masterY, maxTaskHeight, conf2, maxEventCount, maxEventLineLength, maxSectionHeight, isWithoutSections) { + for (const task of tasks2) { + const taskNode = { + descr: task.task, + section: sectionColor, + number: sectionColor, + width: 150, + padding: 20, + maxHeight: maxTaskHeight + }; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("taskNode", taskNode); + const taskWrapper = diagram2.append("g").attr("class", "taskWrapper"); + const node = svgDraw.drawNode(taskWrapper, taskNode, sectionColor, conf2); + const taskHeight = node.height; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("taskHeight after draw", taskHeight); + taskWrapper.attr("transform", `translate(${masterX}, ${masterY})`); + maxTaskHeight = Math.max(maxTaskHeight, taskHeight); + if (task.events) { + const lineWrapper = diagram2.append("g").attr("class", "lineWrapper"); + let linelength = maxTaskHeight; + masterY += 100; + linelength = linelength + drawEvents(diagram2, task.events, sectionColor, masterX, masterY, conf2); + masterY -= 100; + lineWrapper.append("line").attr("x1", masterX + 190 / 2).attr("y1", masterY + maxTaskHeight).attr("x2", masterX + 190 / 2).attr( + "y2", + masterY + maxTaskHeight + (isWithoutSections ? maxTaskHeight : maxSectionHeight) + maxEventLineLength + 120 + ).attr("stroke-width", 2).attr("stroke", "black").attr("marker-end", "url(#arrowhead)").attr("stroke-dasharray", "5,5"); + } + masterX = masterX + 200; + if (isWithoutSections && !(0,_mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.g)().timeline.disableMulticolor) { + sectionColor++; + } + } + masterY = masterY - 10; +}; +const drawEvents = function(diagram2, events, sectionColor, masterX, masterY, conf2) { + let maxEventHeight = 0; + const eventBeginY = masterY; + masterY = masterY + 100; + for (const event of events) { + const eventNode = { + descr: event, + section: sectionColor, + number: sectionColor, + width: 150, + padding: 20, + maxHeight: 50 + }; + _mermaid_95cd9c8e_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_8__.l.debug("eventNode", eventNode); + const eventWrapper = diagram2.append("g").attr("class", "eventWrapper"); + const node = svgDraw.drawNode(eventWrapper, eventNode, sectionColor, conf2); + const eventHeight = node.height; + maxEventHeight = maxEventHeight + eventHeight; + eventWrapper.attr("transform", `translate(${masterX}, ${masterY})`); + masterY = masterY + 10 + eventHeight; + } + masterY = eventBeginY; + return maxEventHeight; +}; +const renderer = { + setConf, + draw +}; +const genSections = (options) => { + let sections2 = ""; + for (let i = 0; i < options.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT; i++) { + options["lineColor" + i] = options["lineColor" + i] || options["cScaleInv" + i]; + if ((0,khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_9__/* ["default"] */ .Z)(options["lineColor" + i])) { + options["lineColor" + i] = (0,khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_10__/* ["default"] */ .Z)(options["lineColor" + i], 20); + } else { + options["lineColor" + i] = (0,khroma__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_11__/* ["default"] */ .Z)(options["lineColor" + i], 20); + } + } + for (let i = 0; i < options.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT; i++) { + const sw = "" + (17 - 3 * i); + sections2 += ` + .section-${i - 1} rect, .section-${i - 1} path, .section-${i - 1} circle, .section-${i - 1} path { + fill: ${options["cScale" + i]}; + } + .section-${i - 1} text { + fill: ${options["cScaleLabel" + i]}; + } + .node-icon-${i - 1} { + font-size: 40px; + color: ${options["cScaleLabel" + i]}; + } + .section-edge-${i - 1}{ + stroke: ${options["cScale" + i]}; + } + .edge-depth-${i - 1}{ + stroke-width: ${sw}; + } + .section-${i - 1} line { + stroke: ${options["cScaleInv" + i]} ; + stroke-width: 3; + } + + .lineWrapper line{ + stroke: ${options["cScaleLabel" + i]} ; + } + + .disabled, .disabled circle, .disabled text { + fill: lightgray; + } + .disabled text { + fill: #efefef; + } + `; + } + return sections2; +}; +const getStyles = (options) => ` + .edge { + stroke-width: 3; + } + ${genSections(options)} + .section-root rect, .section-root path, .section-root circle { + fill: ${options.git0}; + } + .section-root text { + fill: ${options.gitBranchLabel0}; + } + .icon-container { + height:100%; + display: flex; + justify-content: center; + align-items: center; + } + .edge { + fill: none; + } + .eventWrapper { + filter: brightness(120%); + } +`; +const styles = getStyles; +const diagram = { + db, + renderer, + parser: parser$1, + styles +}; + +//# sourceMappingURL=diagram-definition.444bacb8.js.map + + +/***/ }), + +/***/ 91619: +/***/ ((__unused_webpack___webpack_module__, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => { + + +// EXPORTS +__webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, { + "Z": () => (/* binding */ is_dark) +}); + +// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/utils/index.js + 3 modules +var utils = __webpack_require__(61691); +// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/color/index.js + 4 modules +var dist_color = __webpack_require__(71610); +;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/methods/luminance.js +/* IMPORT */ + + +/* MAIN */ +//SOURCE: https://planetcalc.com/7779 +const luminance = (color) => { + const { r, g, b } = dist_color/* default.parse */.Z.parse(color); + const luminance = .2126 * utils/* default.channel.toLinear */.Z.channel.toLinear(r) + .7152 * utils/* default.channel.toLinear */.Z.channel.toLinear(g) + .0722 * utils/* default.channel.toLinear */.Z.channel.toLinear(b); + return utils/* default.lang.round */.Z.lang.round(luminance); +}; +/* EXPORT */ +/* harmony default export */ const methods_luminance = (luminance); + +;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/methods/is_light.js +/* IMPORT */ + +/* MAIN */ +const isLight = (color) => { + return methods_luminance(color) >= .5; +}; +/* EXPORT */ +/* harmony default export */ const is_light = (isLight); + +;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./node_modules/khroma/dist/methods/is_dark.js +/* IMPORT */ + +/* MAIN */ +const isDark = (color) => { + return !is_light(color); +}; +/* EXPORT */ +/* harmony default export */ const is_dark = (isDark); + + +/***/ }) + +}; +; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/716fdc54.08318d9e.js b/docs/assets/js/716fdc54.08318d9e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58063c99b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/716fdc54.08318d9e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[50703],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing\nOdra Events. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::{Event, contract_env};\nuse odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract {\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&self) {\n PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n }.emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, we derive an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Event")," macro like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Among other things, it adds an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit()")," function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply\nas that:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n}.emit();\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a handy macro ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\nuse crate::features::events::PartyStarted;\nuse super::PartyContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();\n assert_events!(\n party_contract,\n PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env::get_account(0),\n block_time: 0,\n }\n );\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/71735968.d6559de6.js b/docs/assets/js/71735968.d6559de6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5d9733c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/71735968.d6559de6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[79345],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(r),m=o,h=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||a;return r?n.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(h,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=d;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var p=2;p{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>p});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={slug:"casper-zk-risc0",title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},i=void 0,s={permalink:"/blog/casper-zk-risc0",source:"@site/blog/2022-12-12-casper-zk-risc0.md",title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",description:"In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.",date:"2022-12-12T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"December 12, 2022",tags:[],readingTime:4.215,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski",title:"CTO",url:"https://github.com/zie1ony",key:"zie1ony"}],frontMatter:{slug:"casper-zk-risc0",title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},prevItem:{title:"EVM at Risc0",permalink:"/blog/evm-at-risc0"},nextItem:{title:"Odra 0.2.0 Released",permalink:"/blog/release-020"}},l={authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},p=[{value:"Zero Knowledge",id:"zero-knowledge",level:2},{value:"Risc Zero",id:"risc-zero",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:2},{value:"Guest",id:"guest",level:3},{value:"Prover",id:"prover",level:3},{value:"Verifier",id:"verifier",level:3},{value:"Livenet results",id:"livenet-results",level:3},{value:"What next",id:"what-next",level:2},{value:"Join us",id:"join-us",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"zero-knowledge"},"Zero Knowledge"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In my opinion, the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"zero knowledge")," (ZK) is the largest revolution in\nblockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based\nsmart contracts.\nTo put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before:"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain\nand put the result on a chain with the proof."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it. ")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"risc-zero"},"Risc Zero"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"I'd like to introduce you to ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.risczero.com/"},"Risc Zero"),".\nIt is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine.\nGo ahead and spend time reading their website!\nFor us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM.\nSooo... we can run it on Casper :)\nYes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper's\nsmart contract for verification."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's dive into the example to see how it works.\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/casper-zk-with-risc0"},"The full example code"),"\nyou can find on our GitHub.\nIt is based on Risc Zero's ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.risczero.com/docs/examples/hello_multiply"},"Hello, Multiply!"),"\nexample. So make sure you understand it first.\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#guest"},"Guest")," and ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#prover"},"Prover")," sections are taken from this example."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"guest"},"Guest"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The program we are proving is called a ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"guest")," in Risc Zero.\nOur goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number.\nGiven ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"a")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"b")," below guest program computes ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"a * b")," and produces\na proof of computation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="methods/guest/src/multiply.rs"',title:'"methods/guest/src/multiply.rs"'},'pub fn main() {\n // Load the first number from the host\n let a: u64 = env::read();\n // Load the second number from the host\n let b: u64 = env::read();\n // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors)\n if a == 1 || b == 1 {\n panic!("Trivial factors")\n }\n // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow\n let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect("Integer overflow");\n env::commit(&product);\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"prover"},"Prover"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It's time to run the guest program and build the proof for\na specific ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"a")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"b")," values."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="prover/src/main.rs"',title:'"prover/src/main.rs"'},'fn main() {\n // Pick two numbers.\n let a: u64 = 17;\n let b: u64 = 23;\n\n // First, we make the prover, loading the \'multiply\' method.\n let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH)\n .expect("Method code should be present at the specified path.");\n let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID)\n .expect("Prover should be constructed.",);\n\n // Next we send a & b to the guest.\n prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice());\n prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice());\n \n // Run prover & generate receipt\n let receipt = prover.run()\n .expect("Valid code should be provable.");\n\n // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b)\n let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal)\n .expect("Journal output should deserialize.");\n\n // Print an assertion\n println!("I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!", c);\n\n // Verify receipt, panic if it\'s wrong.\n receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect(\n "Code you have proven should successfully verify.",\n );\n\n // Convert journal to string and store on disk.\n let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap();\n write_to_file("../data/journal", &journal);\n\n // Convert seal to string and store on disk.\n let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap();\n write_to_file("../data/seal", &seal);\n\n // Convert method_id to string and store on disk.\n let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap();\n write_to_file("../data/method", &result);\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"verifier"},"Verifier"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now the verification step.\nGiven the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method),\nCasper's smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written\njust for the demonstration, but in general you want ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"METHOD_ID")," to be\nstored in your contract and both ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SEAL")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"JOURNAL")," to be passed to\nthe contract via arguments from the outside."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs"',title:'"verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs"'},'// Import the proof and the method.\nconst METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!("../../data/method");\nconst SEAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/seal");\nconst JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/journal");\n\n// Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. \n#[odra::module]\npub struct Verifier {\n result: Variable,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Verifier {\n // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification.\n pub fn verify(&mut self) {\n let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID);\n self.result.set(result);\n }\n\n // Result getter.\n pub fn result(&self) -> String {\n self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from("Not processed"))\n }\n}\n\n// The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it.\nfn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String {\n let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id);\n\n match result {\n Ok(()) => String::from("Ok"),\n Err(err) => format!("Error: {}", err.to_string())\n }\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"livenet-results"},"Livenet results"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"I have deployed it to the testnet and called the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"verify")," method.\nThe ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"result")," was ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ok"),". Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper.\nTrustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :)"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The cost of running the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"verify")," method is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"2324 CSPR"),". That's a lot, but\nwe have to start somewhere."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"what-next"},"What next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"I think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving\nthis forward. The community should discuss: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over\nto Casper."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper's FFI."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome\nopen-source project and gain the ZK expertise.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"join-us"},"Join us"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Interested in zero knowledge on Casper?"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Join ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"our Discord"),", ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/odradev"},"our Twitter")," or write us\nat ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mailto:contact@odra.dev"},"contact@odra.dev"),"."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/71958ad0.3cb1ee08.js b/docs/assets/js/71958ad0.3cb1ee08.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08d748687 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/71958ad0.3cb1ee08.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[67556],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711523026,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 27, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/71994587.73f3f62c.js b/docs/assets/js/71994587.73f3f62c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4c0f7242 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/71994587.73f3f62c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[74398],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Loading the contract",id:"loading-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\n MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To perform a cross-contact call, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostRef")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article - a host side reference to already deployed contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the module context we use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractRef")," instead, to call other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," is generated automatically,\nby the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc, address: Address)"),", as shown above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address()")," function, which returns the address of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderContractRef")," struct (and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderHostRef")," to be used in tests, but do not implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer")," trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"loading-the-contract"},"Loading the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test\nour contracts in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet"},"Livenet")," backend. We can load the contract using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"load")," method on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"',title:'"examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"'},'fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {\n let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n ::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_cross_calls() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let init_args = CrossContractInitArgs {\n math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()\n };\n let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that we intend to utilize."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);\n *contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/71b12fda.7fb73702.js b/docs/assets/js/71b12fda.7fb73702.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7925f279 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/71b12fda.7fb73702.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[42986],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},i="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The function named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function is optional,\nif your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html#tymethod.deploy"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer::deploy"))," function called on ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperHostRef")," - a piece of code generated\nby the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),". Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments,\nas the second argument of the deploy function, we pass ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"NoArgs")," - one of the implementations of\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait provided with the framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/71b691b7.d90ad4d0.js b/docs/assets/js/71b691b7.d90ad4d0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a9477c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/71b691b7.d90ad4d0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[53095],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),m=a,f=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={slug:"evm-at-risc0",title:"EVM at Risc0",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},o=void 0,l={permalink:"/blog/evm-at-risc0",source:"@site/blog/2023-02-13-evm-at-risc0.md",title:"EVM at Risc0",description:"Let's run Solidity code inside SputnikVM inside Risc0.",date:"2023-02-13T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"February 13, 2023",tags:[],readingTime:3.97,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski",title:"CTO",url:"https://github.com/zie1ony",key:"zie1ony"}],frontMatter:{slug:"evm-at-risc0",title:"EVM at Risc0",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},prevItem:{title:"Odra + CosmWasm",permalink:"/blog/odra-cosmwasm"},nextItem:{title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",permalink:"/blog/casper-zk-risc0"}},s={authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},c=[{value:"Solidity",id:"solidity",level:2},{value:"EVM",id:"evm",level:2},{value:"Risc0",id:"risc0",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2},{value:"Join us",id:"join-us",level:2}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's run Solidity code inside ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/"},"SputnikVM")," inside ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/risc0/risc0"},"Risc0"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"First make sure you know how Risc0 works.\nMy ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/blog/casper-zk-risc0"},"previous post")," explains it."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want to jump directly to the full code example, it's in the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/evm-at-risc0"},"repo"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"solidity"},"Solidity"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As an example, I have this simple Solidity code.\nIt is a calculator with two functions.\nOne for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-solidity",metastring:'title="bytecode/Calculator.sol"',title:'"bytecode/Calculator.sol"'},"contract Calculator {\n function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {\n return a + b;\n }\n\n function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) {\n if (n <= 1) {\n return n;\n } else {\n return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It needs to be compiled into the byte code. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"solc")," can do this."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"$ solc \\\n --bin-runtime \\\n --optimize \\\n --overwrite \\\n --evm-version istanbul \\\n --output-dir bytecode \\\n bytecode/Calculator.sol \n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It produces an EVM bytecode in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bytecode")," directory."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"$ ls bytecode/\nCalculator.bin-runtime Calculator.sol\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"evm"},"EVM"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The EVM I used is ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/"},"SputnikVM"),".\nMost important it is written in pure Rust and even with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no_std")," mode.\nThis way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM.\nThen take the bytecode of a contract and install it.\nFinally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value.\nFor now, it's just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The code is based on Sputnik's ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/blob/master/benches/loop.rs"},"benchmark test"),".\nHuge thanks to ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/birchmd"},"Michael Birch")," for helping with Sputnik.\nAlso make sure how EVM's ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://solidity-by-example.org/function-selector"},"function selectors")," work."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="evm-runner/src/lib.rs"',title:'"evm-runner/src/lib.rs"'},'\n// Load previously compiled Calculator contract.\npub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!(\n "../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime"\n);\n\n// Run Calculator for a given input.\npub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String {\n run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input)\n}\n\n// Run a program (contract) for a given input. \nfn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String {\n\n // Define EVM configuration.\n let config = Config::istanbul();\n let vicinity = MemoryVicinity {\n gas_price: U256::zero(),\n origin: H160::default(),\n block_hashes: Vec::new(),\n block_number: Default::default(),\n block_coinbase: Default::default(),\n block_timestamp: Default::default(),\n block_difficulty: Default::default(),\n block_gas_limit: Default::default(),\n chain_id: U256::one(),\n block_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(),\n };\n\n // Initialized the state of EVM\'s memory.\n let mut state = BTreeMap::new();\n\n // Add our contract under the 0x10 address.\n state.insert(\n H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")\n .unwrap(),\n MemoryAccount {\n nonce: U256::one(),\n balance: U256::from(10000000),\n storage: BTreeMap::new(),\n code: hex::decode(program).unwrap(),\n }\n );\n\n // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller.\n state.insert(\n H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")\n .unwrap(),\n MemoryAccount {\n nonce: U256::one(),\n balance: U256::from(10000000),\n storage: BTreeMap::new(),\n code: Vec::new(),\n },\n );\n\n // Prepare the executor.\n let backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state);\n let metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config);\n let state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend);\n let precompiles = BTreeMap::new();\n let mut executor \n = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles);\n\n // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user.\n // Use the input variable. \n let (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call(\n H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")\n .unwrap(),\n H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")\n .unwrap(),\n U256::zero(),\n hex::decode(input).unwrap(),\n u64::MAX,\n Vec::new(),\n );\n\n // Make sure the execution succeeded.\n assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned));\n \n // Return hex encoded string.\n hex::encode(result)\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's execute it. In below tests the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"data")," variable hold two things:\nfunction selector and arguments."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a"),"\nis concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument.\nIt is just ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fibonacci(10)"),". ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"a")," is hex of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"10")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"37")," is hex of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"52"),". "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="evm-runner/src/lib.rs"',title:'"evm-runner/src/lib.rs"'},'#[test]\nfn fibonacci_works() {\n let data = "61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a";\n let result = run_calc_contract(data);\n assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037"); \n}\n\n#[test]\nfn addition_works() {\n let data = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";\n let result = run_calc_contract(data);\n assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009");\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"risc0"},"Risc0"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"risc0"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"First the guest program.\nIt is super simple.\nIt takes a string as an argument,\npasses it to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"run_calc_contract"),"\nand returns the result."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs",title:"methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs"},"#![no_main]\n#![no_std]\n\nextern crate alloc;\n\nuse alloc::{string::String};\nuse risc0_zkvm::guest::{env};\nuse evm_runner::run_calc_contract;\n\nrisc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main);\n\npub fn main() {\n let input: String = env::read();\n let result = run_calc_contract(&input);\n env::commit(&result);\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The final step is calling it under ZK."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=host/src/main.rs",title:"host/src/main.rs"},'fn main() {\n println!("Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)");\n let input = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";\n let result = run_prover(input);\n println!("Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}");\n \n println!("Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)");\n let input = "61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004";\n let result = run_prover(input);\n println!("Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}");\n}\n\nfn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 {\n // Make the prover.\n let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap();\n let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap();\n\n // Push the input as an argument.\n prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice());\n \n // Execute the prover.\n let receipt = prover.run().unwrap();\n \n // Verify the proof.\n assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok());\n \n // Return result as an u32 value.\n let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap();\n u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap()\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"$ cargo run --release -p host\nProving Calculator.add(7, 2)\nProof generated. 7 + 2 = 9\nProving Calculator.fibonacci(4)\nProof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"How amazing and mindblowing it is!\nOf course, it's just a proof of concept.\nYet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and\nwith more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"join-us"},"Join us"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Interested?"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Join ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"our Discord"),", ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/odradev"},"our Twitter")," or write us\nat ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mailto:contact@odra.dev"},"contact@odra.dev"),"."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/728e71a1.bb5e2a21.js b/docs/assets/js/728e71a1.bb5e2a21.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..711162c7d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/728e71a1.bb5e2a21.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54301],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},l="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.5.0/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/advanced/02-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Module reusing",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/using"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20,\n exchange: Exchange\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/73285975.138f6b7b.js b/docs/assets/js/73285975.138f6b7b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91b636252 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/73285975.138f6b7b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[82869],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=s(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=d;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Attributes",l={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-0.3.0/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/advanced/04-attributes.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/attributes",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Init",id:"init",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-1",level:3},{value:"Non Reentrant",id:"non-reentrant",level:2},{value:"Mixing attributes",id:"mixing-attributes",level:2}],u={toc:s};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"attributes"},"Attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"init"},"Init"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If your contract needs initial setup, adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/erc20.rs",title:"examples/erc20.rs"},"#[odra(init)]\npub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #","[odra(payable)]"," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/tlw.rs",title:"examples/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();\n let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();\n let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(init)]\nfn initialize() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/733ac994.d2f8f864.js b/docs/assets/js/733ac994.d2f8f864.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d6c2fdbb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/733ac994.d2f8f864.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[77952],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var r=a(67294);function n(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,r)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(n[a]=e[a]);return n}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(n[a]=e[a])}return n}var s=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,n=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(a),g=n,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||o;return a?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var a=arguments,n=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||n){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:n,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=a(87462),n=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.3.1/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,n.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/739a70a9.1d02e4d3.js b/docs/assets/js/739a70a9.1d02e4d3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2df3d4e32 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/739a70a9.1d02e4d3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[69986],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>s,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var p=n.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=n.useContext(p),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},s=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return n.createElement(p.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},f=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,s=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),f=l(r),m=o,y=f["".concat(p,".").concat(m)]||f[m]||u[m]||a;return r?n.createElement(y,i(i({ref:t},s),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(y,i({ref:t},s))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=f;var c={};for(var p in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,p)&&(c[p]=t[p]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={slug:"casper-zk-risc0",title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},i=void 0,c={permalink:"/blog/casper-zk-risc0",source:"@site/blog/2022-12-12-casper-zk-risc0.md",title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",description:"In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.",date:"2022-12-12T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"December 12, 2022",tags:[],readingTime:4.215,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski",title:"CTO",url:"https://github.com/zie1ony",key:"zie1ony"}],frontMatter:{slug:"casper-zk-risc0",title:"Zero Knowledge on Casper",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},prevItem:{title:"EVM at Risc0",permalink:"/blog/evm-at-risc0"},nextItem:{title:"Odra 0.2.0 Released",permalink:"/blog/release-020"}},p={authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},l=[],s={toc:l};function u(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},s,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/advanced/01-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256,\n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\nuse odra::{\n Address, casper_types::U256, \n module::SubModule,\n prelude::*\n};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: SubModule,\n erc20: SubModule,\n exchange: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7414f7c1.de1f8981.js b/docs/assets/js/7414f7c1.de1f8981.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a011dbbbb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7414f7c1.de1f8981.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[42858],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>g});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var p=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=a.useContext(p),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},l=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return a.createElement(p.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(t),g=r,m=u["".concat(p,".").concat(g)]||u[g]||d[g]||i;return t?a.createElement(m,o(o({ref:n},l),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(m,o({ref:n},l))}));function g(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=u;var s={};for(var p in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,p)&&(s[p]=n[p]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={},o="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/advanced/03-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/attributes"}},p={},c=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],l={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},l,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),": A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Variable\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\n\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n strings: Mapping>>,\n tokens: Mapping>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn set_token(\n &mut self,\n key1: String,\n key2: u32,\n key3: String,\n token_name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n symbol: String,\n initial_supply: &U256\n ) {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);\n mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> U256 {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .total_supply()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Instead of using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()"),", which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To keep the codebase consistent, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"map!")," macro can be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/mapping.rs"'},"...\n\npub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);\n}\n\npub fn get_string_macro(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n) -> String {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n my_sequence: Sequence,\n my_mapping: Mapping>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/74376d79.b8f4f9bf.js b/docs/assets/js/74376d79.b8f4f9bf.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b27f35a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/74376d79.b8f4f9bf.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[29413],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},l="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.3.0/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/advanced/02-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Module Composer",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/composer"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20,\n exchange: Exchange\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/74442e8e.a86d067e.js b/docs/assets/js/74442e8e.a86d067e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68f1529a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/74442e8e.a86d067e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[82761],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711523026,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 27, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7457cffc.2c0275c2.js b/docs/assets/js/7457cffc.2c0275c2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d11c1747e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7457cffc.2c0275c2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[3675],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=p(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(t),m=r,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.7.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},p=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra allows nested ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, what we utilize to store allowances.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .set(spender, new_allowance);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/748fd4ff.70dfb286.js b/docs/assets/js/748fd4ff.70dfb286.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ced13a564 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/748fd4ff.70dfb286.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[78743],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(n),m=r,y=c["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||i;return n?a.createElement(y,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(y,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=c;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={},o="Storage Layout",s={unversionedId:"advanced/storage-layout",id:"version-0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout",title:"Storage Layout",description:"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/advanced/04-storage-layout.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/storage-layout",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/using-different-allocator"}},l={},d=[{value:"Casper VM Perspective",id:"casper-vm-perspective",level:2},{value:"Odra Perspective",id:"odra-perspective",level:2},{value:"Key generation.",id:"key-generation",level:2},{value:"Value serialization",id:"value-serialization",level:2}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This\narticle explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-vm-perspective"},"Casper VM Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or\ndictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys,\nmaking it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this\nissue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"state"),". This\ndictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum\nlength of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look\nlike:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait CasperStorage {\n fn read(key: &str) -> Option>;\n fn write(key: &str, value: Vec);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-perspective"},"Odra Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally,\nwe aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider\nthis straightforward storage definition:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Token {\n name: Var,\n balances: Mapping\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," structure contains two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"String")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balances"),", which functions as a key-value store with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," as keys and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," as values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more\ncomplex example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Loans {\n lenders: SubModule,\n borrowers: SubModule,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," module has two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers"),", both of which have\nthe same storage layout as defined by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module. Odra guarantees that\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers")," are stored under distinct keys within the storage\ndictionary."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout\noperates."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"key-generation"},"Key generation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Every element of a module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"struct"),") with N elements is associated with an index\nranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an\nelement of a module is another module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<...>"),"), the associated index\nserves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an\nexample. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual\nimplementation."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Loans {\n lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0000\n name: 0, // key: 0x0000_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0000_0001\n },\n borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001\n name: 0, // key: 0x0001_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0001_0001\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, it's worth mentioning how ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"'s keys are used in the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),". They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as\ndemonstrated in the example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For instance, triggering ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd)")," would result in a\nkey:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"0x0001_0001_1234_abcd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then\nencoded in hexadecimal format."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"value-serialization"},"Value serialization"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," types."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/74ec7413.cc73bf48.js b/docs/assets/js/74ec7413.cc73bf48.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3332f1b33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/74ec7413.cc73bf48.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[66746],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),d=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||m[d]||o;return n?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Building contracts manually",l={unversionedId:"advanced/building-manually",id:"version-0.9.0/advanced/building-manually",title:"Building contracts manually",description:"cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/advanced/06-building-manually.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/building-manually",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/using-different-allocator"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Building the contract manually",id:"building-the-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"Optimizing the contract",id:"optimizing-the-contract",level:2},{value:"Running the tests manually",id:"running-the-tests-manually",level:2},{value:"Wrapping up",id:"wrapping-up",level:2}],p={toc:s};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"building-contracts-manually"},"Building contracts manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes\na better control over the parameters that are passed to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),"\nor the compiler is needed. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need\nto switch between them during the building and testing."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Knowing that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a simple wrapper around ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),", it is easy to replicate\nthe same behavior by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo")," directly."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-the-contract-manually"},"Building the contract manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To build the contract manually, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra uses the environment variable ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_MODULE")," to determine which contract to build.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Assuming that project's crate is named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),", this command will build\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," contract in release mode and generate the wasm file.\nThe file will be put into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release")," directory under\nthe name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project_build_contract.wasm"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory, and\nto be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"optimizing-the-contract"},"Optimizing the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To lower the size of the wasm file, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-strip")," tool:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To further optimize the wasm file, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-opt")," tool is also used."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not\nfully compatible with the Casper execution engine.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"running-the-tests-manually"},"Running the tests manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use.\nTo run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"wrapping-up"},"Wrapping up"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's say we want to build the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," in debug mode, run the tests against the\ncasper backend and use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-own-allocator")," feature from our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," project."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To do that, we can use the following set of commands:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\nmv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\nODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator\n")))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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This crate does not contain\na memory allocator."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests\nthe one developed by ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/ink_allocator/latest/ink_allocator/"},"ink!"),"\nseems to be the best."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"using-a-different-allocator"},"Using a different allocator"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that\nalready provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"disable-allocator")," feature in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra")," dependency in your project:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled\nduring the building and tests, see the next article on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/building-manually"},"building manually"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/754937b2.8f524e65.js b/docs/assets/js/754937b2.8f524e65.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5533737a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/754937b2.8f524e65.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[23308],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function a(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):a(a({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(f,a(a({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,a({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var s=n.length,a=new Array(s);a[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,a[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},a="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to a macro ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),'. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/modules.rs"'},"use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: MathEngine,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/modules.rs"'},"use super::ModulesContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/75ab3d8c.b31148ea.js b/docs/assets/js/75ab3d8c.b31148ea.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..125788686 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/75ab3d8c.b31148ea.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[89854],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>s,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},s=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,s=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(n),f=a,m=p["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||p[f]||u[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},s),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},s))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Memory allocators",i={unversionedId:"advanced/using-different-allocator",id:"version-0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator",title:"Memory allocators",description:"When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/advanced/05-using-different-allocator.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/using-different-allocator",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage Layout",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout"},next:{title:"Building contracts manually",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually"}},c={},d=[{value:"Using a different allocator",id:"using-a-different-allocator",level:2}],s={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},s,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"memory-allocators"},"Memory allocators"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no-std"),".\nThis means that instead of using the standard library, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"core"),"\ncrate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain\na memory allocator."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests\nthe one developed by ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/ink_allocator/latest/ink_allocator/"},"ink!"),"\nseems to be the best."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"using-a-different-allocator"},"Using a different allocator"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that\nalready provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"disable-allocator")," feature in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra")," dependency in your project:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled\nduring the building and tests, see the next article on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually"},"building manually"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/76b68520.50e92bed.js b/docs/assets/js/76b68520.50e92bed.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0547bad0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/76b68520.50e92bed.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99122],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(n),m=r,y=c["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||i;return n?a.createElement(y,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(y,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=c;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={},o="Storage Layout",s={unversionedId:"advanced/storage-layout",id:"version-0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout",title:"Storage Layout",description:"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/advanced/04-storage-layout.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/storage-layout",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/using-different-allocator"}},l={},d=[{value:"Casper VM Perspective",id:"casper-vm-perspective",level:2},{value:"Odra Perspective",id:"odra-perspective",level:2},{value:"Key generation.",id:"key-generation",level:2},{value:"Value serialization",id:"value-serialization",level:2}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This\narticle explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-vm-perspective"},"Casper VM Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or\ndictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys,\nmaking it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this\nissue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"state"),". This\ndictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum\nlength of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look\nlike:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait CasperStorage {\n fn read(key: &str) -> Option>;\n fn write(key: &str, value: Vec);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-perspective"},"Odra Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally,\nwe aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider\nthis straightforward storage definition:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Token {\n name: Var,\n balances: Mapping\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," structure contains two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"String")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balances"),", which functions as a key-value store with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," as keys and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," as values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more\ncomplex example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Loans {\n lenders: SubModule,\n borrowers: SubModule,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," module has two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers"),", both of which have\nthe same storage layout as defined by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module. Odra guarantees that\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers")," are stored under distinct keys within the storage\ndictionary."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout\noperates."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"key-generation"},"Key generation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Every element of a module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"struct"),") with N elements is associated with an index\nranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an\nelement of a module is another module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<...>"),"), the associated index\nserves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an\nexample. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual\nimplementation."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Loans {\n lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0000\n name: 0, // key: 0x0000_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0000_0001\n },\n borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001\n name: 0, // key: 0x0001_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0001_0001\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, it's worth mentioning how ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"'s keys are used in the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),". They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as\ndemonstrated in the example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For instance, triggering ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd)")," would result in a\nkey:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"0x0001_0001_1234_abcd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then\nencoded in hexadecimal format."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"value-serialization"},"Value serialization"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," types."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/77193147.177b697d.js b/docs/assets/js/77193147.177b697d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e394509a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/77193147.177b697d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[50327],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711523026,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 27, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\nodra-modules = "0.8.0"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra repository"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/78452797.61fa9cf5.js b/docs/assets/js/78452797.61fa9cf5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd571b3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/78452797.61fa9cf5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46100],{89199:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Examples","description":"Examples","slug":"/category/examples","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/category/examples","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Casper","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/backends/casper"},"next":{"title":"odra-examples","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/examples/odra-examples"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/786408bf.28769d3b.js b/docs/assets/js/786408bf.28769d3b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d2a5b35d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/786408bf.28769d3b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[83441],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper Contract Schema",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Loading the contract",id:"loading-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Var
\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\n MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To perform a cross-contact call, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostRef")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article - a host side reference to already deployed contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the module context we use a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractRef")," instead, to call other contracts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," is generated automatically,\nby the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc, address: Address)"),", as shown above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address()")," function, which returns the address of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderContractRef")," struct (and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderHostRef")," to be used in tests, but do not implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer")," trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"loading-the-contract"},"Loading the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test\nour contracts in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet"},"Livenet")," backend. We can load the contract using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"load")," method on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"',title:'"examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"'},'fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {\n let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n ::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_cross_calls() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(\n &test_env,\n CrossContractInitArgs {\n math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()\n }\n );\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that we intend to utilize."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);\n *contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/79253424.035754eb.js b/docs/assets/js/79253424.035754eb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e088915c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/79253424.035754eb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[36571],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},m=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=p(a),c=r,f=m["".concat(l,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||d[c]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=m;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/docs/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1716209688,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 20, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Var",id:"var",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"var"},"Var"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Var,\n weight: Var,\n name: Var,\n walks: Var>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Var,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Var working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{List, Var};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Var\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Var,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/features/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. Let's see how to implement a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Dog")," type: "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra_type]")," is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," of a custom type is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType::Any"),", except for an unit-only enum, which is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType::U8"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="unit_only_enum.rs"',title:'"unit_only_enum.rs"'},"enum Enum {\n Foo = 3,\n Bar = 2,\n Baz = 1,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute .")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7933b4e2.e06c6ca6.js b/docs/assets/js/7933b4e2.e06c6ca6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3641d17b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7933b4e2.e06c6ca6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99604],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>s,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},s=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,s=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(n),f=a,m=p["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||p[f]||u[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},s),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},s))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Memory allocators",i={unversionedId:"advanced/using-different-allocator",id:"version-0.9.0/advanced/using-different-allocator",title:"Memory allocators",description:"When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/advanced/05-using-different-allocator.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/using-different-allocator",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/using-different-allocator",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage Layout",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout"},next:{title:"Building contracts manually",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually"}},c={},d=[{value:"Using a different allocator",id:"using-a-different-allocator",level:2}],s={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},s,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"memory-allocators"},"Memory allocators"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no-std"),".\nThis means that instead of using the standard library, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"core"),"\ncrate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain\na memory allocator."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests\nthe one developed by ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/ink_allocator/latest/ink_allocator/"},"ink!"),"\nseems to be the best."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"using-a-different-allocator"},"Using a different allocator"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that\nalready provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"disable-allocator")," feature in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra")," dependency in your project:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled\nduring the building and tests, see the next article on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually"},"building manually"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/794d4fad.5dc128ca.js b/docs/assets/js/794d4fad.5dc128ca.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..876865953 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/794d4fad.5dc128ca.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95555],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},i="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711379330,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 25, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The function named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function is optional,\nif your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html#tymethod.deploy"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer::deploy"))," function called on ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperHostRef")," - a piece of code generated\nby the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),". Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments,\nas the second argument of the deploy function, we pass ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"NoArgs")," - one of the implementations of\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait provided with the framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/799b1c68.774a06c2.js b/docs/assets/js/799b1c68.774a06c2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8cc9952a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/799b1c68.774a06c2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[65657],{47790:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"pluginId":"default","version":"0.2.0","label":"0.2.0","banner":"unmaintained","badge":true,"noIndex":false,"className":"docs-version-0.2.0","isLast":false,"docsSidebars":{"defaultSidebar":[{"type":"link","label":"Odra 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Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. 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,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0."),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.9.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n #[odra::odra_error]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P9k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.9.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.9.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7c29795c.f16b488f.js b/docs/assets/js/7c29795c.f16b488f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19305bdb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7c29795c.f16b488f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46867],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>m,kt:()=>d});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},m=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,m=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),d=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||p[d]||o;return n?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},m),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:t},m))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Building contracts manually",l={unversionedId:"advanced/building-manually",id:"advanced/building-manually",title:"Building contracts manually",description:"cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes",source:"@site/docs/advanced/06-building-manually.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/building-manually",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1716209688,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 20, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/next/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Building the contract manually",id:"building-the-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"Optimizing the contract",id:"optimizing-the-contract",level:2},{value:"Running the tests manually",id:"running-the-tests-manually",level:2},{value:"Wrapping up",id:"wrapping-up",level:2}],m={toc:s};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},m,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"building-contracts-manually"},"Building contracts manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes\na better control over the parameters that are passed to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),"\nor the compiler is needed. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need\nto switch between them during the building and testing."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Knowing that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a simple wrapper around ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),", it is easy to replicate\nthe same behavior by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo")," directly."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-the-contract-manually"},"Building the contract manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To build the contract manually, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra uses the environment variable ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_MODULE")," to determine which contract to build.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Assuming that project's crate is named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),", this command will build\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," contract in release mode and generate the wasm file.\nThe file will be put into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release")," directory under\nthe name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project_build_contract.wasm"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory, and\nto be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"optimizing-the-contract"},"Optimizing the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To lower the size of the wasm file, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-strip")," tool:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To further optimize the wasm file, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-opt")," tool is also used."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not\nfully compatible with the Casper execution engine.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"running-the-tests-manually"},"Running the tests manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use.\nTo run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"wrapping-up"},"Wrapping up"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's say we want to build the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," in debug mode, run the tests against the\ncasper backend and use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-own-allocator")," feature from our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," project."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To do that, we can use the following set of commands:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\nmv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\nODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7cc7edf9.41260fae.js b/docs/assets/js/7cc7edf9.41260fae.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d53a0cfec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7cc7edf9.41260fae.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[78212],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),c=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(c)]||d[c]||m[c]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Var",id:"var",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function m(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"var"},"Var"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Var,\n weight: Var,\n name: Var,\n walks: Var>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Var,\n friends: Mapping,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Var working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{List, Var};\n\npub struct List {\n values: Mapping,\n index: Var\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Var,\n walks: List,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/features/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute. Let's see how to implement a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Dog")," type: "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra_type]")," is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," of a custom type is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType::Any"),", except for an unit-only enum, which is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType::U8"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="unit_only_enum.rs"',title:'"unit_only_enum.rs"'},"enum Enum {\n Foo = 3,\n Bar = 2,\n Baz = 1,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute .")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7cf5f48a.f0cb80d8.js b/docs/assets/js/7cf5f48a.f0cb80d8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ac1c23d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7cf5f48a.f0cb80d8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[8068],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(n),m=r,y=c["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||i;return n?a.createElement(y,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(y,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=c;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={},o="Storage Layout",s={unversionedId:"advanced/storage-layout",id:"version-0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout",title:"Storage Layout",description:"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/advanced/04-storage-layout.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/storage-layout",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator"}},l={},d=[{value:"Casper VM Perspective",id:"casper-vm-perspective",level:2},{value:"Odra Perspective",id:"odra-perspective",level:2},{value:"Key generation.",id:"key-generation",level:2},{value:"Value serialization",id:"value-serialization",level:2}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This\narticle explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-vm-perspective"},"Casper VM Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or\ndictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys,\nmaking it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this\nissue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"state"),". This\ndictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum\nlength of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look\nlike:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait CasperStorage {\n fn read(key: &str) -> Option>;\n fn write(key: &str, value: Vec);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-perspective"},"Odra Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally,\nwe aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider\nthis straightforward storage definition:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Token {\n name: Var,\n balances: Mapping\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," structure contains two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"String")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balances"),", which functions as a key-value store with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," as keys and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," as values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more\ncomplex example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Loans {\n lenders: SubModule,\n borrowers: SubModule,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," module has two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers"),", both of which have\nthe same storage layout as defined by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module. Odra guarantees that\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers")," are stored under distinct keys within the storage\ndictionary."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout\noperates."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"key-generation"},"Key generation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Every element of a module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"struct"),") with N elements is associated with an index\nranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an\nelement of a module is another module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<...>"),"), the associated index\nserves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an\nexample. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual\nimplementation."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Loans {\n lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0000\n name: 0, // key: 0x0000_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0000_0001\n },\n borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001\n name: 0, // key: 0x0001_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0001_0001\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, it's worth mentioning how ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"'s keys are used in the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),". They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as\ndemonstrated in the example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For instance, triggering ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd)")," would result in a\nkey:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"0x0001_0001_1234_abcd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then\nencoded in hexadecimal format."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"value-serialization"},"Value serialization"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," types."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7d8962a6.3648a759.js b/docs/assets/js/7d8962a6.3648a759.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05afa609e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7d8962a6.3648a759.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46671],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=u;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={slug:"Nysa",title:"Nysa",authors:["kpob"],image:"./twitter-card.png"},i=void 0,o={permalink:"/blog/Nysa",source:"@site/blog/2023-08-18-nysa/index.md",title:"Nysa",description:'The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, and Gda\u0144sk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region\'s ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.',date:"2023-08-18T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"August 18, 2023",tags:[],readingTime:8.47,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn",title:"Lead Developer",url:"https://github.com/kpob",key:"kpob"}],frontMatter:{slug:"Nysa",title:"Nysa",authors:["kpob"],image:"./twitter-card.png"},nextItem:{title:"It's all about the community!",permalink:"/blog/its-all-about-the-community"}},l={image:a(46180).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},p=[{value:"Odra",id:"odra",level:2},{value:"Nysa",id:"nysa",level:2},{value:"Nysa + Odra",id:"nysa--odra",level:3},{value:"Examples",id:"examples",level:2},{value:"Status message",id:"status-message",level:3},{value:"CappedErc20",id:"cappederc20",level:3},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...s}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,s,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, and Gda\u0144sk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region\'s ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Nysa K\u0142odzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country's southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the K\u0142odzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Oh, wait, shouldn't it be a tech blog?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra"},"Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A short reminder:"),(0,r.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ...\nit takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://odra.dev/docs/"},"Odra"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we've kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Payable functions"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Mappings"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Reverts"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Current caller"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Current block time"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"And more")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"It's important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Ultimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is where Nysa comes into play."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"nysa"},"Nysa"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Solidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Nysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"nysa-gen",src:a(12112).Z,width:"661",height:"591"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Solidity Parser"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/lalrpop/lalrpop"},"LALRPOP")," - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=solidity-parser/src/pt.rs",title:"solidity-parser/src/pt.rs"},"// The representation of a Solidity contract\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\npub struct ContractDefinition {\n pub doc: Vec,\n pub loc: Loc,\n pub ty: ContractTy,\n pub name: Identifier,\n pub base: Vec,\n pub parts: Vec,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:2},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"C3 Linearization"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"One of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"No, thx"),", whereas Solidity opts for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"The more, the better"),". Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3_linearization"},"C3 linearization"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/c3-lang"},"implementation")," of the C3 linearization in Rust written by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/zie1ony"},"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski"),", so everything stays in the Odra family."),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Nysa Parser"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"After that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, a Solidity event."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-solidity"},"event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"can easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n from: Option
,\n to: Option
,\n value: U256,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is a snippet of the expression parser:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs",title:"nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs"},"pub fn parse(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result\nwhere\n T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext,\n{\n match expression {\n Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx),\n Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)),\n Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx),\n Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx),\n Expression::Increment { expr } => {\n let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?;\n Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1))\n }\n Expression::ExternalCall {\n variable,\n fn_name,\n args,\n } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx),\n Expression::Type { ty } => {\n let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?;\n Ok(parse_quote!(#ty))\n }\n Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)),\n ...\n }\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Printing the code"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"And there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled!"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"nysa--odra"},"Nysa + Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, the default implementation is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraParser"),", which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"I hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flow into")," Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"nysa-odra",src:a(42719).Z,width:"661",height:"591"})),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"examples"},"Examples"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"status-message"},"Status message"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To set up the project, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n status -t blank\ncd status\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build.rs")," where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[build-dependencies]\nnysa = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["builder"] }\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=build.rs",title:"build.rs"},'const DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.rs";\nconst SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.sol";\n\nfn main() {\n nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH);\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-solidity",metastring:"title=src/status_message.sol",title:"src/status_message.sol"},"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\npragma solidity ^0.8.19;\n\ncontract StatusMessage {\n mapping(address => string) records;\n\n function setStatus(string memory status) public payable {\n address accountId = msg.sender;\n records[accountId] = status;\n }\n\n function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) {\n return records[accountId];\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract has a single mapping ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"records")," that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"setStatus")," (sets current's sender message) and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"getStatus"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Following, let's define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lib.rs")," file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=src/lib.rs",title:"src/lib.rs"},"mod status_message;\npub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test;\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The file is straightforward: registers a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"status_message")," rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Lastly, we can test our contract.\nLike the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_message()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_message()"),".\nThe test code looks like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://odra.dev/docs/basics/testing"},"any other")," Odra test: we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"StatusMessageDeployer")," to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=src/test.rs",title:"src/test.rs"},'use odra::{test_env, types::Address};\nuse super::*;\n\nconst ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n#[test]\nfn set_get_message() {\n let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();\n\n test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT());\n contract.set_status("hello".to_string());\n assert_eq!("hello".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())));\n}\n\n#[test]\nfn get_nonexistent_message() {\n let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();\n\n assert_eq!(\n String::new(),\n contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))\n );\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test # test against MockVM\n# or\ncargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM\n")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"status-message\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 status_message.sol\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 test.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full example available ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/nysa/tree/feature/odra/examples/status-message/nysa"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"cappederc20"},"CappedErc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A more complex, real-world example is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CappedErc20")," contract. It is a ERC20 ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/access/Ownable.sol"},"Ownable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol"},"Burnable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Capped.sol"},"Capped")," token contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-solidity",metastring:"title=plascoin.sol",title:"plascoin.sol"},"// ...\n// rest of the code\n\ncontract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable {\n constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) {\n }\n\n function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {\n _mint(account, amount);\n }\n\n function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) {\n super._update(from, to, value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can check out the full source code ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/nysa/blob/feature/odra/examples/capped-erc20/src/plascoin.sol"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Deployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"# to make sure the contract works as expected \n# we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests\ncargo odra test -b casper\n\n# deploy onto the testnet\ncasper-client put-deploy\n --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}}\n --chain-name casper-test\n --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \\\n --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \\\n --payment-amount 130000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='{{name}}'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string='{{symbol}}'\" \\\n --session-arg \"cap:u256='{{cap}}'\" \\\n --session-arg \"initial_owner:opt_key='{{owner}}'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Literally in 5 minutes I was able to:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Build a wasm file from Solidity source code"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Successfully ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/b1dd9628f8a36b7ed24949f88ea97ebb21d0c213e9cc87fc5ee4076074de0c88"},"deploy")," the contract onto Testnet,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/1def539f806fd39ec1b75687c46946c7510fe3bb15860fcc3420c7bea7e7f10f"},"Mint")," some tokens,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"And ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/0e2e0fa490f00783ddaecd06aaf2b43d8c5f6d3224a28a31ad66bfef48ce26e6"},"transfer")," them.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa's efficiency."),(0,r.kt)("table",null,(0,r.kt)("thead",{parentName:"table"},(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"thead"},(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"action"),(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"CEP-18"),(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Nysa"))),(0,r.kt)("tbody",{parentName:"table"},(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"deploy"),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/2b5d17ea5d9c093c4252705285f7aeabe58cff37fb48b5837567908e2d91329a"},"143.87")),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/b1dd9628f8a36b7ed24949f88ea97ebb21d0c213e9cc87fc5ee4076074de0c88"},"93.37"))),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"transfer"),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/3ab866e7cf7b59e081f12aea4103f9552b261b601d91b072ea10ab5be6cf0e45"},"1.29")),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/0e2e0fa490f00783ddaecd06aaf2b43d8c5f6d3224a28a31ad66bfef48ce26e6"},"1.36"))))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Nysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},12112:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=a.p+"assets/images/nysa_generic.drawio-9478454b52585f4bd5c3a825f50917f2.svg"},42719:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=a.p+"assets/images/nysa_odra.drawio-e8d8d662f0a2e5e364005985245721fd.svg"},46180:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=a.p+"assets/images/twitter-card-941b7cfa84d4da7dd4848d3556845b53.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7df6186d.f9bca2cb.js b/docs/assets/js/7df6186d.f9bca2cb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82aefc917 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7df6186d.f9bca2cb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[13968],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},f=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),f=p(n),d=a,m=f["".concat(s,".").concat(d)]||f[d]||u[d]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=f;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.2.0/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/getting-started/flipper.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/flipper",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Installation",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation"},next:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/category/basics"}},s={},p=[{value:"Let's flip",id:"lets-flip",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-example"},"Flipper example"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial, you should have this file already at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For further explanation of how this code works, see ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"lets-flip"},"Let's flip"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs" showLineNumbers',title:'"flipper.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Variable;\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7e706e45.74b9b103.js b/docs/assets/js/7e706e45.74b9b103.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a7e42df9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7e706e45.74b9b103.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[79032],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(t),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.3.1/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable
\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{\n execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}\n};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(*owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: *owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option
,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(*new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/7f9a1b7a.d809c29f.js b/docs/assets/js/7f9a1b7a.d809c29f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..527f20cbd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/7f9a1b7a.d809c29f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54133],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Variable
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function we want to use."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use odra::types::Address;\n use crate::features::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());\n\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address() -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/800dfaa2.c83d6029.js b/docs/assets/js/800dfaa2.c83d6029.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3ee331e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/800dfaa2.c83d6029.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[84928],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.7.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/backends"},next:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/mock-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM"),",\nor a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/8010fede.3156057a.js b/docs/assets/js/8010fede.3156057a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d90f59dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/8010fede.3156057a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[12628],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711523026,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 27, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/tutorials"}},s={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/80b62ebf.8179cf95.js b/docs/assets/js/80b62ebf.8179cf95.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b24088889 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/80b62ebf.8179cf95.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[81229],{27926:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Examples","description":"Examples","slug":"/category/examples","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/category/examples","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Livenet","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet"},"next":{"title":"odra-examples","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/examples/odra-examples"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/80b82873.0e48c302.js b/docs/assets/js/80b82873.0e48c302.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e7675968 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/80b82873.0e48c302.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[45299],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(t),u=r,h=p["".concat(c,".").concat(u)]||p[u]||m[u]||i;return t?a.createElement(h,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(h,o({ref:n},d))}));function u(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},o="Casper Contract Schema",s={unversionedId:"basics/casper-contract-schema",id:"basics/casper-contract-schema",title:"Casper Contract Schema",description:"Casper Contract Schema",source:"@site/docs/basics/13-casper-contract-schema.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/casper-contract-schema",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/events"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls"}},c={},l=[{value:"Odra and CCS",id:"odra-and-ccs",level:2},{value:"Generating the Schema",id:"generating-the-schema",level:2},{value:"Schema Output",id:"schema-output",level:2},{value:"Schema Fields",id:"schema-fields",level:2}],d={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema")," (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-and-ccs"},"Odra and CCS"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"event"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_type"),". The schema will be generated for you and available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/contract.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/contract.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(\n // the name of the contract, default is the module name\n name = "MyContract",\n // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate\n version = "0.1.0", \n // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used\n events = [ \n Created,\n Updated\n ],\n // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used\n errors = MyErrors \n)]\npub struct MyContract {\n name: Var,\n owner: Var
,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MyContract {\n /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.owner.set(owner.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Created { name });\n }\n\n /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event\n pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });\n }\n\n /// Returns the data of the contract\n pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {\n Data {\n name: self.name.get_or_default(),\n owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),\n }\n }\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Data {\n name: String,\n owner: Address,\n}\n\n// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum MyErrors {\n /// The owner is invalid\n InvalidOwner,\n /// The name is invalid\n InvalidName,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Updated {\n name: String,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Created {\n name: String,\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-the-schema"},"Generating the Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To generate the schema run the following ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo-odra")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-output"},"Schema Output"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The generated schema will be available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-json",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="resources/my_contract_schema.json"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"resources/my_contract_schema.json"'},'{\n "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,\n "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",\n "authors": [],\n "repository": null,\n "homepage": null,\n "contract_name": "MyContract",\n "contract_version": "0.1.0",\n "types": [\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Created",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Data",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Updated",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n "errors": [\n {\n "name": "InvalidName",\n "description": "The name is invalid",\n "discriminant": 1\n },\n {\n "name": "InvalidOwner",\n "description": "The owner is invalid",\n "discriminant": 0\n }\n ],\n "entry_points": [\n {\n "name": "update",\n "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",\n "is_mutable": true,\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n }\n ],\n "return_ty": "Unit",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n },\n {\n "name": "get_data",\n "description": "Returns the data of the contract",\n "is_mutable": false,\n "arguments": [],\n "return_ty": "Data",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n }\n ],\n "events": [\n {\n "name": "Created",\n "ty": "Created"\n },\n {\n "name": "Updated",\n "ty": "Updated"\n }\n ],\n "call": {\n "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",\n "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",\n "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",\n "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",\n "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key",\n "optional": false\n }\n ]\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-fields"},"Schema Fields"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"casper_contract_schema_version")," is the version of the schema.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"toolchain")," is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Fields ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"authors"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"repository"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"homepage")," are optional and can be set in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_name")," is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_version")," denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file, but can be overridden by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"module")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types")," comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), and a list of members."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"errors")," is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_points")," is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types"),") of the event."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," section provides details regarding the contract's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.")))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/814f3328.f224db02.js b/docs/assets/js/814f3328.f224db02.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..297a51c4a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/814f3328.f224db02.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[52535],{45641:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Recent posts","items":[]}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/815ad8c9.3053e87b.js b/docs/assets/js/815ad8c9.3053e87b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29efee461 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/815ad8c9.3053e87b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[29145],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function o(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function a(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=t.createContext({}),c=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},p=function(e){var r=c(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),m=o,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||a;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},p),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},p))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,o=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var t=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.3.1/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/events"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},p,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::types::Address;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Variable,\n owner: Variable
,\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet => 1,\n NotAnOwner => 2,\n }\n}\n\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_exception"),". This is how you will\nuse it:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},'use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};\nuse super::Error;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_owner_error() {\n let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {\n owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());\n })\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, because we are calling the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),' method as an address which is not an "owner",\nwe are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.'),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractRef::at()")," and passing to it\nits Address. 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e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s;for(u=BB(mMn(n,(hWn(),dlt)),11),o=Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[u.i.n,u.n,u.a])).a,s=n.i.n.b,r=0,c=(i=Z0(n.e)).length;r0?c.a?e>(u=c.b.rf().a)&&(r=(e-u)/2,c.d.b=r,c.d.c=r):c.d.c=n.s+e:Hz(n.u)&&((i=_Tn(c.b)).c<0&&(c.d.b=-i.c),i.c+i.b>c.b.rf().a&&(c.d.c=i.c+i.b-c.b.rf().a))}function fxn(n,t){var e,i;for(OTn(t,"Semi-Interactive Crossing Minimization Processor",1),e=!1,i=new Wb(n.b);i.a=0){if(t==i)return new rI(iln(-t-1),iln(-t-1));if(t==-i)return new rI(iln(-t),iln(i+1))}return e.Math.abs(t)>e.Math.abs(i)?new rI(iln(-t),iln(t<0?i:i+1)):new rI(iln(t+1),iln(i))}function wxn(n){var t,e;e=BB(mMn(n,(HXn(),kgt)),163),t=BB(mMn(n,(hWn(),ilt)),303),e==(Tbn(),Flt)?(hon(n,kgt,qlt),hon(n,ilt,(z7(),Cft))):e==Hlt?(hon(n,kgt,qlt),hon(n,ilt,(z7(),Sft))):t==(z7(),Cft)?(hon(n,kgt,Flt),hon(n,ilt,Pft)):t==Sft&&(hon(n,kgt,Hlt),hon(n,ilt,Pft))}function dxn(){dxn=O,jyt=new oa,vyt=dq(new B2,(yMn(),_at),(lWn(),jot)),kyt=WG(dq(new B2,_at,Dot),Bat,xot),Eyt=ogn(ogn(FM(WG(dq(new 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i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h;for(c=Gy(MD(n.b.Kc().Pb())),s=Gy(MD(Wan(t.b))),i=kL(B$(n.a),s-e),r=kL(B$(t.a),e-c),kL(h=UR(i,r),1/(s-c)),this.a=h,this.b=new Np,u=!0,(a=n.b.Kc()).Pb();a.Ob();)o=Gy(MD(a.Pb())),u&&o-e>D3n&&(this.b.Fc(e),u=!1),this.b.Fc(o);u&&this.b.Fc(e)}function Txn(n){var t,e,i,r;if(hKn(n,n.n),n.d.c.length>0){for(nk(n.c);pAn(n,BB(n0(new Wb(n.e.a)),121))>5,t&=31,i>=n.d)return n.e<0?(ODn(),Ytt):(ODn(),eet);if(c=n.d-i,QSn(r=x8(ANt,hQn,25,c+1,15,1),c,n.a,i,t),n.e<0){for(e=0;e0&&n.a[e]<<32-t!=0){for(e=0;e=0)&&(!(e=Fqn((IPn(),Z$t),r,t))||((i=e.Zj())>1||-1==i)&&3!=DW(B7(Z$t,e))))}function Lxn(n,t,e,i){var r,c,a,u,o;return u=PTn(BB(Wtn((!t.b&&(t.b=new hK(KOt,t,4,7)),t.b),0),82)),o=PTn(BB(Wtn((!t.c&&(t.c=new hK(KOt,t,5,8)),t.c),0),82)),JJ(u)==JJ(o)||Ctn(o,u)?null:(a=XJ(t))==e?i:(c=BB(RX(n.a,a),10))&&(r=c.e)?r:null}function Nxn(n,t){var e;switch(OTn(t,"Label side selection ("+(e=BB(mMn(n,(HXn(),Jdt)),276))+")",1),e.g){case 0:TAn(n,(Xyn(),jCt));break;case 1:TAn(n,(Xyn(),ECt));break;case 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void(n.b[i-1]=c);a=x8(ANt,hQn,25,i+2,15,1),aHn(n.b,0,a,0,i),n.b=a,n.b[i-1]>=r&&(n.c=!1,n.a=!1),n.b[i++]=r,n.b[i]=c,n.c||T$n(n)}}function Jxn(n,t,e){var i,r,c,a,u,o,s;for(s=t.d,n.a=new J6(s.c.length),n.c=new xp,u=new Wb(s);u.a=0?n._g(s,!1,!0):cOn(n,e,!1),58).Kc();c.Ob();){for(r=BB(c.Pb(),56),h=0;h1;)fDn(r,r.i-1);return i}function aDn(n,t){var e,i,r,c,a,u,o;for(OTn(t,"Comment post-processing",1),c=new Wb(n.b);c.an.d[a.p]&&(e+=n5(n.b,c),d3(n.a,iln(c)));for(;!Wy(n.a);)Mnn(n.b,BB(dU(n.a),19).a)}return e}function hDn(n,t,e){var i,r,c,a;for(c=(!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(UOt,t,10,11)),t.a).i,r=new AL((!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(UOt,t,10,11)),t.a));r.e!=r.i.gc();)0==(!(i=BB(kpn(r),33)).a&&(i.a=new eU(UOt,i,10,11)),i.a).i||(c+=hDn(n,i,!1));if(e)for(a=JJ(t);a;)c+=(!a.a&&(a.a=new eU(UOt,a,10,11)),a.a).i,a=JJ(a);return c}function fDn(n,t){var e,i,r,c;return n.ej()?(i=null,r=n.fj(),n.ij()&&(i=n.kj(n.pi(t),null)),e=n.Zi(4,c=Lyn(n,t),null,t,r),n.bj()&&null!=c?(i=n.dj(c,i))?(i.Ei(e),i.Fi()):n.$i(e):i?(i.Ei(e),i.Fi()):n.$i(e),c):(c=Lyn(n,t),n.bj()&&null!=c&&(i=n.dj(c,null))&&i.Fi(),c)}function lDn(n){var t,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f;for(h=n.a,t=new Rv,s=0,r=new Wb(n.d);r.ao.d&&(f=o.d+o.a+h));i.c.d=f,t.a.zc(i,t),s=e.Math.max(s,i.c.d+i.c.a)}return s}function bDn(){bDn=O,hft=new LP("COMMENTS",0),lft=new LP("EXTERNAL_PORTS",1),bft=new LP("HYPEREDGES",2),wft=new LP("HYPERNODES",3),dft=new LP("NON_FREE_PORTS",4),gft=new LP("NORTH_SOUTH_PORTS",5),vft=new LP(G1n,6),sft=new LP("CENTER_LABELS",7),fft=new LP("END_LABELS",8),pft=new LP("PARTITIONS",9)}function wDn(n){var t,e,i,r,c;for(r=new Np,t=new $q((!n.a&&(n.a=new eU(UOt,n,10,11)),n.a)),i=new oz(ZL(dLn(n).a.Kc(),new h));dAn(i);)cL(Wtn((!(e=BB(U5(i),79)).b&&(e.b=new hK(KOt,e,4,7)),e.b),0),186)||(c=PTn(BB(Wtn((!e.c&&(e.c=new hK(KOt,e,5,8)),e.c),0),82)),t.a._b(c)||(r.c[r.c.length]=c));return r}function dDn(n){var t,e,i,r,c;for(r=new Rv,t=new $q((!n.a&&(n.a=new eU(UOt,n,10,11)),n.a)),i=new oz(ZL(dLn(n).a.Kc(),new h));dAn(i);)cL(Wtn((!(e=BB(U5(i),79)).b&&(e.b=new hK(KOt,e,4,7)),e.b),0),186)||(c=PTn(BB(Wtn((!e.c&&(e.c=new hK(KOt,e,5,8)),e.c),0),82)),t.a._b(c)||r.a.zc(c,r));return r}function gDn(n,t,e,i,r){return i<0?((i=zTn(n,r,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[YVn,JVn,ZVn,nQn,tQn,eQn,iQn,rQn,cQn,aQn,uQn,oQn]),t))<0&&(i=zTn(n,r,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr",tQn,"Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]),t)),!(i<0||(e.k=i,0))):i>0&&(e.k=i-1,!0)}function pDn(n,t,e,i,r){return i<0?((i=zTn(n,r,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[YVn,JVn,ZVn,nQn,tQn,eQn,iQn,rQn,cQn,aQn,uQn,oQn]),t))<0&&(i=zTn(n,r,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr",tQn,"Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]),t)),!(i<0||(e.k=i,0))):i>0&&(e.k=i-1,!0)}function vDn(n,t,e,i,r,c){var a,u,o;if(u=32,i<0){if(t[0]>=n.length)return!1;if(43!=(u=fV(n,t[0]))&&45!=u)return!1;if(++t[0],(i=UIn(n,t))<0)return!1;45==u&&(i=-i)}return 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Pk,c.bm())),0==t.e?(i=t._l())>=BQn?cO(e,Xln(i)):NX(e,i&QVn):cO(e,t.bm()),BB(c,521).b=e.a):Cv(n.a,t);else for(r=0;r0&&i>=-6?i>=0?kZ(c,e-CJ(n.e),String.fromCharCode(46)):(c.a=fx(c.a,0,t-1)+"0."+nO(c.a,t-1),kZ(c,t+1,Bdn(qtt,0,-CJ(i)-1))):(e-t>=1&&(kZ(c,t,String.fromCharCode(46)),++e),kZ(c,e,String.fromCharCode(69)),i>0&&kZ(c,++e,String.fromCharCode(43)),kZ(c,++e,""+vz(fan(i)))),n.g=c.a,n.g))}function iqn(n,t,e){var i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b;if(!e.dc()){for(a=0,h=0,l=BB((i=e.Kc()).Pb(),19).a;a1&&(o=s.mg(o,n.a,u));return 1==o.c.length?BB(xq(o,o.c.length-1),220):2==o.c.length?FHn((l1(0,o.c.length),BB(o.c[0],220)),(l1(1,o.c.length),BB(o.c[1],220)),a,c):null}function uqn(n){var t,i,r,c,a,u;for(Otn(n.a,new nt),i=new Wb(n.a);i.a=e.Math.abs(r.b)?(r.b=0,a.d+a.a>u.d&&a.du.c&&a.c0){if(t=new DI(n.i,n.g),c=(e=n.i)<100?null:new Fj(e),n.ij())for(i=0;i0){for(u=n.g,s=n.i,a6(n),c=s<100?null:new Fj(s),i=0;i>13|(15&n.m)<<9,r=n.m>>4&8191,c=n.m>>17|(255&n.h)<<5,a=(1048320&n.h)>>8,g=i*(u=8191&t.l),p=r*u,v=c*u,m=a*u,0!=(o=t.l>>13|(15&t.m)<<9)&&(g+=e*o,p+=i*o,v+=r*o,m+=c*o),0!=(s=t.m>>4&8191)&&(p+=e*s,v+=i*s,m+=r*s),0!=(h=t.m>>17|(255&t.h)<<5)&&(v+=e*h,m+=i*h),0!=(f=(1048320&t.h)>>8)&&(m+=e*f),b=((d=e*u)>>22)+(g>>9)+((262143&p)<<4)+((31&v)<<17),w=(p>>18)+(v>>5)+((4095&m)<<8),w+=(b+=(l=(d&SQn)+((511&g)<<13))>>22)>>22,M$(l&=SQn,b&=SQn,w&=PQn)}function lqn(n){var t,i,r,c,a,u,o;if(0!=(o=BB(xq(n.j,0),11)).g.c.length&&0!=o.e.c.length)throw Hp(new Fy("Interactive layout does not support NORTH/SOUTH ports with incoming _and_ outgoing edges."));if(0!=o.g.c.length){for(a=RQn,i=new Wb(o.g);i.a4){if(!n.wj(t))return!1;if(n.rk()){if(u=(e=(i=BB(t,49)).Ug())==n.e&&(n.Dk()?i.Og(i.Vg(),n.zk())==n.Ak():-1-i.Vg()==n.aj()),n.Ek()&&!u&&!e&&i.Zg())for(r=0;r0&&(s=n.n.a/c);break;case 2:case 4:(r=n.i.o.b)>0&&(s=n.n.b/r)}hon(n,(hWn(),Tlt),s)}if(o=n.o,a=n.a,i)a.a=i.a,a.b=i.b,n.d=!0;else if(t!=QCt&&t!=YCt&&u!=PIt)switch(u.g){case 1:a.a=o.a/2;break;case 2:a.a=o.a,a.b=o.b/2;break;case 3:a.a=o.a/2,a.b=o.b;break;case 4:a.b=o.b/2}else a.a=o.a/2,a.b=o.b/2}function vqn(n){var t,e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h;if(n.ej())if(h=n.Vi(),o=n.fj(),h>0)if(t=new jcn(n.Gi()),c=(e=h)<100?null:new Fj(e),JD(n,e,t.g),r=1==e?n.Zi(4,Wtn(t,0),null,0,o):n.Zi(6,t,null,-1,o),n.bj()){for(i=new AL(t);i.e!=i.i.gc();)c=n.dj(kpn(i),c);c?(c.Ei(r),c.Fi()):n.$i(r)}else c?(c.Ei(r),c.Fi()):n.$i(r);else JD(n,n.Vi(),n.Wi()),n.$i(n.Zi(6,(SQ(),set),null,-1,o));else if(n.bj())if((h=n.Vi())>0){for(u=n.Wi(),s=h,JD(n,h,u),c=s<100?null:new Fj(s),i=0;in.d[r.p]&&(e+=n5(n.b,i)*BB(a.b,19).a,d3(n.a,iln(i)));for(;!Wy(n.a);)Mnn(n.b,BB(dU(n.a),19).a)}return e}function kqn(n,t,i,r){var c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w;for((f=new wA(BB(ZAn(n,(SMn(),HMt)),8))).a=e.Math.max(f.a-i.b-i.c,0),f.b=e.Math.max(f.b-i.d-i.a,0),(null==(c=MD(ZAn(n,DMt)))||(kW(c),c<=0))&&(c=1.3),u=new Np,l=new AL((!n.a&&(n.a=new eU(UOt,n,10,11)),n.a));l.e!=l.i.gc();)a=new zx(BB(kpn(l),33)),u.c[u.c.length]=a;switch(BB(ZAn(n,RMt),311).g){case 3:w=aFn(u,t,f.a,f.b,(s=r,kW(c),s));break;case 1:w=vBn(u,t,f.a,f.b,(h=r,kW(c),h));break;default:w=Mqn(u,t,f.a,f.b,(o=r,kW(c),o))}KUn(n,(b=yXn(new Gtn(w),t,i,f.a,f.b,r,(kW(c),c))).a,b.b,!1,!0)}function jqn(n,t){var e,i,r,c;c=new t_((e=t.b).j),r=0,(i=e.j).c=x8(Ant,HWn,1,0,5,1),eX(BB(gan(n.b,(kUn(),sIt),(Crn(),Rst)),15),e),r=Jmn(c,r,new xr,i),eX(BB(gan(n.b,sIt,Dst),15),e),r=Jmn(c,r,new Nr,i),eX(BB(gan(n.b,sIt,xst),15),e),eX(BB(gan(n.b,oIt,Rst),15),e),eX(BB(gan(n.b,oIt,Dst),15),e),r=Jmn(c,r,new Dr,i),eX(BB(gan(n.b,oIt,xst),15),e),eX(BB(gan(n.b,SIt,Rst),15),e),r=Jmn(c,r,new Rr,i),eX(BB(gan(n.b,SIt,Dst),15),e),r=Jmn(c,r,new Kr,i),eX(BB(gan(n.b,SIt,xst),15),e),eX(BB(gan(n.b,CIt,Rst),15),e),r=Jmn(c,r,new Qr,i),eX(BB(gan(n.b,CIt,Dst),15),e),eX(BB(gan(n.b,CIt,xst),15),e)}function Eqn(n,t){var i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g;for(OTn(t,"Layer size calculation",1),f=RQn,h=KQn,c=!1,o=new Wb(n.b);o.a.5?p-=2*a*(w-.5):w<.5&&(p+=2*c*(.5-w)),p<(r=u.d.b)&&(p=r),d=u.d.c,p>g.a-d-h&&(p=g.a-d-h),u.n.a=t+p}}function Mqn(n,t,e,i,r){var c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b;for(u=x8(xNt,qQn,25,n.c.length,15,1),ikn(l=new Xz(new Uu),n),s=0,b=new Np;0!=l.b.c.length;)if(a=BB(0==l.b.c.length?null:xq(l.b,0),157),s>1&&iG(a)*eG(a)/2>u[0]){for(c=0;cu[c];)++c;f=new Gtn(new s1(b,0,c+1)),h=iG(a)/eG(a),o=yXn(f,t,new bm,e,i,r,h),UR(kO(f.e),o),F8(eMn(l,f)),ikn(l,new s1(b,c+1,b.c.length)),b.c=x8(Ant,HWn,1,0,5,1),s=0,jG(u,u.length,0)}else null!=(0==l.b.c.length?null:xq(l.b,0))&&hrn(l,0),s>0&&(u[s]=u[s-1]),u[s]+=iG(a)*eG(a),++s,b.c[b.c.length]=a;return b}function Sqn(n){var t,e,i;if((e=BB(mMn(n,(HXn(),kgt)),163))==(Tbn(),Flt)){for(t=new oz(ZL(fbn(n).a.Kc(),new h));dAn(t);)if(!X5(BB(U5(t),17)))throw Hp(new rk(P1n+gyn(n)+"' has its layer constraint set to FIRST_SEPARATE, but has at least one incoming edge. FIRST_SEPARATE nodes must not have incoming edges."))}else if(e==Hlt)for(i=new oz(ZL(lbn(n).a.Kc(),new h));dAn(i);)if(!X5(BB(U5(i),17)))throw Hp(new rk(P1n+gyn(n)+"' has its layer constraint set to LAST_SEPARATE, but has at least one outgoing edge. LAST_SEPARATE nodes must not have outgoing edges."))}function Pqn(n,t){var e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b;for(OTn(t,"Label dummy removal",1),i=Gy(MD(mMn(n,(HXn(),jpt)))),r=Gy(MD(mMn(n,Spt))),o=BB(mMn(n,Udt),103),u=new Wb(n.b);u.a0&&lPn(n,u,h);for(r=new Wb(h);r.a>19!=0&&(t=aon(t),o=!o),a=OLn(t),c=!1,r=!1,i=!1,n.h==CQn&&0==n.m&&0==n.l){if(r=!0,c=!0,-1!=a)return u=jAn(n,a),o&&Oon(u),e&&(ltt=M$(0,0,0)),u;n=WO((X7(),btt)),i=!0,o=!o}else n.h>>19!=0&&(c=!0,n=aon(n),i=!0,o=!o);return-1!=a?Bon(n,a,o,c,e):Kkn(n,t)<0?(e&&(ltt=c?aon(n):M$(n.l,n.m,n.h)),M$(0,0,0)):h_n(i?n:M$(n.l,n.m,n.h),t,o,c,r,e)}function $qn(n,t){var e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w;if(n.e&&n.c.ct.f||t.g>n.f)){for(e=0,i=0,a=n.w.a.ec().Kc();a.Ob();)r=BB(a.Pb(),11),phn(Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[r.i.n,r.n,r.a])).b,t.g,t.f)&&++e;for(u=n.r.a.ec().Kc();u.Ob();)r=BB(u.Pb(),11),phn(Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[r.i.n,r.n,r.a])).b,t.g,t.f)&&--e;for(o=t.w.a.ec().Kc();o.Ob();)r=BB(o.Pb(),11),phn(Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[r.i.n,r.n,r.a])).b,n.g,n.f)&&++i;for(c=t.r.a.ec().Kc();c.Ob();)r=BB(c.Pb(),11),phn(Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[r.i.n,r.n,r.a])).b,n.g,n.f)&&--i;e=0)return r=dbn(n,t.substr(1,c-1)),YUn(n,t.substr(c+1,u-(c+1)),r)}else{if(e=-1,null==Ett&&(Ett=new RegExp("\\d")),Ett.test(String.fromCharCode(a))&&(e=MK(t,YTn(46),u-1))>=0){i=BB(V5(n,Ptn(n,t.substr(1,e-1)),!1),58),o=0;try{o=l_n(t.substr(e+1),_Vn,DWn)}catch(h){throw cL(h=lun(h),127)?Hp(new L7(h)):Hp(h)}if(o=0)return e;switch(DW(B7(n,e))){case 2:if(mK("",Cfn(n,e.Hj()).ne())){if(o=m$n(n,t,u=jV(B7(n,e)),kV(B7(n,e))))return o;for(a=0,s=(r=jKn(n,t)).gc();a1)throw Hp(new _y(I7n));for(h=axn(n.e.Tg(),t),i=BB(n.g,119),a=0;a1,h=new m6(b.b);y$(h.a)||y$(h.b);)l=(s=BB(y$(h.a)?n0(h.a):n0(h.b),17)).c==b?s.d:s.c,e.Math.abs(Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[l.i.n,l.n,l.a])).b-u.b)>1&&pxn(n,s,u,a,b)}}function zqn(n){var t,i,r,c,a,u;if(c=new M2(n.e,0),r=new M2(n.a,0),n.d)for(i=0;iD3n;){for(a=t,u=0;e.Math.abs(t-a)0),c.a.Xb(c.c=--c.b),DFn(n,n.b-u,a,r,c),Px(c.b0),r.a.Xb(r.c=--r.b)}if(!n.d)for(i=0;i0?(n.f[s.p]=l/(s.e.c.length+s.g.c.length),n.c=e.Math.min(n.c,n.f[s.p]),n.b=e.Math.max(n.b,n.f[s.p])):u&&(n.f[s.p]=l)}}function Wqn(n){n.b=null,n.bb=null,n.fb=null,n.qb=null,n.a=null,n.c=null,n.d=null,n.e=null,n.f=null,n.n=null,n.M=null,n.L=null,n.Q=null,n.R=null,n.K=null,n.db=null,n.eb=null,n.g=null,n.i=null,n.j=null,n.k=null,n.gb=null,n.o=null,n.p=null,n.q=null,n.r=null,n.$=null,n.ib=null,n.S=null,n.T=null,n.t=null,n.s=null,n.u=null,n.v=null,n.w=null,n.B=null,n.A=null,n.C=null,n.D=null,n.F=null,n.G=null,n.H=null,n.I=null,n.J=null,n.P=null,n.Z=null,n.U=null,n.V=null,n.W=null,n.X=null,n.Y=null,n._=null,n.ab=null,n.cb=null,n.hb=null,n.nb=null,n.lb=null,n.mb=null,n.ob=null,n.pb=null,n.jb=null,n.kb=null,n.N=!1,n.O=!1}function Vqn(n,t,e){var i,r;for(OTn(e,"Graph transformation ("+n.a+")",1),r=a0(t.a),i=new Wb(t.b);i.a0&&(n.a=u+(l-1)*r,t.c.b+=n.a,t.f.b+=n.a),0!=b.a.gc()&&(l=AGn(new fX(1,r),t,b,w,t.f.b+u-t.c.b))>0&&(t.f.b+=u+(l-1)*r)}function Yqn(n,t){var e,i,r,c;c=n.F,null==t?(n.F=null,Dsn(n,null)):(n.F=(kW(t),t),-1!=(i=GO(t,YTn(60)))?(r=t.substr(0,i),-1==GO(t,YTn(46))&&!mK(r,$Wn)&&!mK(r,S9n)&&!mK(r,P9n)&&!mK(r,C9n)&&!mK(r,I9n)&&!mK(r,O9n)&&!mK(r,A9n)&&!mK(r,$9n)&&(r=L9n),-1!=(e=mN(t,YTn(62)))&&(r+=""+t.substr(e+1)),Dsn(n,r)):(r=t,-1==GO(t,YTn(46))&&(-1!=(i=GO(t,YTn(91)))&&(r=t.substr(0,i)),mK(r,$Wn)||mK(r,S9n)||mK(r,P9n)||mK(r,C9n)||mK(r,I9n)||mK(r,O9n)||mK(r,A9n)||mK(r,$9n)?r=t:(r=L9n,-1!=i&&(r+=""+t.substr(i)))),Dsn(n,r),r==t&&(n.F=n.D))),0!=(4&n.Db)&&0==(1&n.Db)&&ban(n,new nU(n,1,5,c,t))}function Jqn(n,t){var e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m;if(!((d=t.b.c.length)<3)){for(b=x8(ANt,hQn,25,d,15,1),f=0,h=new Wb(t.b);h.aa)&&TU(n.b,BB(g.b,17));++u}c=a}}}function Zqn(n,t){var e;if(null==t||mK(t,zWn))return null;if(0==t.length&&n.k!=(PPn(),pMt))return null;switch(n.k.g){case 1:return mgn(t,a5n)?(hN(),vtt):mgn(t,u5n)?(hN(),ptt):null;case 2:try{return iln(l_n(t,_Vn,DWn))}catch(i){if(cL(i=lun(i),127))return null;throw Hp(i)}case 4:try{return bSn(t)}catch(i){if(cL(i=lun(i),127))return null;throw Hp(i)}case 3:return t;case 5:return rhn(n),HIn(n,t);case 6:return rhn(n),K$n(n,n.a,t);case 7:try{return(e=rAn(n)).Jf(t),e}catch(i){if(cL(i=lun(i),32))return null;throw Hp(i)}default:throw Hp(new Fy("Invalid type set for this layout option."))}}function nGn(n){var t,e,i,r,c,a,u;for(Dnn(),u=new Vv,e=new Wb(n);e.a=u.b.c)&&(u.b=t),(!u.c||t.c<=u.c.c)&&(u.d=u.c,u.c=t),(!u.e||t.d>=u.e.d)&&(u.e=t),(!u.f||t.d<=u.f.d)&&(u.f=t);return i=new Tpn((Aun(),Zat)),i2(n,out,new Jy(Pun(Gk(Jat,1),HWn,369,0,[i]))),a=new Tpn(eut),i2(n,uut,new Jy(Pun(Gk(Jat,1),HWn,369,0,[a]))),r=new Tpn(nut),i2(n,aut,new Jy(Pun(Gk(Jat,1),HWn,369,0,[r]))),c=new Tpn(tut),i2(n,cut,new Jy(Pun(Gk(Jat,1),HWn,369,0,[c]))),xLn(i.c,Zat),xLn(r.c,nut),xLn(c.c,tut),xLn(a.c,eut),u.a.c=x8(Ant,HWn,1,0,5,1),gun(u.a,i.c),gun(u.a,ean(r.c)),gun(u.a,c.c),gun(u.a,ean(a.c)),u}function tGn(n){var t;switch(n.d){case 1:if(n.hj())return-2!=n.o;break;case 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n.Fk()&&n.Ek()&&GI(a=Gz(n,BB(e,56)))!==GI(e)?(n.Oi(t),n.Ui(t,B9(n,t,a)),n.rk()&&(r=BB(e,49),c=n.Dk()?n.Bk()?r.ih(n.b,Cvn(BB(itn(jY(n.b),n.aj()),18)).n,BB(itn(jY(n.b),n.aj()).Yj(),26).Bj(),null):r.ih(n.b,Awn(r.Tg(),Cvn(BB(itn(jY(n.b),n.aj()),18))),null,null):r.ih(n.b,-1-n.aj(),null,null),!BB(a,49).eh()&&(i=BB(a,49),c=n.Dk()?n.Bk()?i.gh(n.b,Cvn(BB(itn(jY(n.b),n.aj()),18)).n,BB(itn(jY(n.b),n.aj()).Yj(),26).Bj(),c):i.gh(n.b,Awn(i.Tg(),Cvn(BB(itn(jY(n.b),n.aj()),18))),null,c):i.gh(n.b,-1-n.aj(),null,c)),c&&c.Fi()),mA(n.b)&&n.$i(n.Zi(9,e,a,t,!1)),a):e}function iGn(n,t,i){var r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k;for(f=Gy(MD(mMn(n,(HXn(),Ept)))),r=Gy(MD(mMn(n,Rpt))),hon(b=new Yu,Ept,f+r),v=(h=t).d,g=h.c.i,m=h.d.i,p=tA(g.c),y=tA(m.c),c=new Np,l=p;l<=y;l++)Bl(o=new $vn(n),(uSn(),Put)),hon(o,(hWn(),dlt),h),hon(o,ept,(QEn(),XCt)),hon(o,Mpt,b),w=BB(xq(n.b,l),29),l==p?Qyn(o,w.a.c.length-i,w):PZ(o,w),(k=Gy(MD(mMn(h,agt))))<0&&hon(h,agt,k=0),o.o.b=k,d=e.Math.floor(k/2),qCn(u=new 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Wb(t.b.j);s.a0)?s&&(h=d.p,a?++h:--h,f=!(cNn(i=ion(BB(xq(d.c.a,h),10)),y,e[0])||Bz(i,y,e[0]))):f=!0),l=!1,(m=t.D.i)&&m.c&&u.e&&(a&&m.p>0||!a&&m.p0&&(t.a+=FWn),gzn(BB(kpn(a),160),t);for(t.a+=e1n,u=new cx((!i.c&&(i.c=new hK(KOt,i,5,8)),i.c));u.e!=u.i.gc();)u.e>0&&(t.a+=FWn),gzn(BB(kpn(u),160),t);t.a+=")"}}}function pzn(n,t,e){var i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b;if(c=BB(mMn(n,(hWn(),dlt)),79)){for(i=n.a,UR(r=new wA(e),$jn(n)),wan(n.d.i,n.c.i)?(l=n.c,XR(f=Aon(Pun(Gk(PMt,1),sVn,8,0,[l.n,l.a])),e)):f=g1(n.c),r5(i,f,i.a,i.a.a),b=g1(n.d),null!=mMn(n,Rlt)&&UR(b,BB(mMn(n,Rlt),8)),r5(i,b,i.c.b,i.c),Ztn(i,r),Lin(a=cDn(c,!0,!0),BB(Wtn((!c.b&&(c.b=new hK(KOt,c,4,7)),c.b),0),82)),Nin(a,BB(Wtn((!c.c&&(c.c=new hK(KOt,c,5,8)),c.c),0),82)),VFn(i,a),h=new Wb(n.b);h.a=0){for(o=null,u=new 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Pb(n.d).a);g.b;)i=BB((d=ten(g)).cd(),79),e=BB(d.dd(),395).a,r=cDn(i,!1,!1),f=lTn(OMn(i),Jon(qSn(r)),e),VFn(f=Jon(f),r),(m=IMn(i))&&-1==E7(t,m,0)&&(t.c[t.c.length]=m,sQ(m,(Px(0!=f.b),BB(f.c.b.c,8)),e))}function Xzn(n,t,i,r){var c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k,j,E;if(0!=i.c.length){for(w=new Np,b=new Wb(i);b.a1)for(e5(m,new sC(n,b=new hqn(w,m,r))),u.c[u.c.length]=b,f=m.a.ec().Kc();f.Ob();)y7(a,BB(f.Pb(),46).b);if(o.a.gc()>1)for(e5(o,new hC(n,b=new hqn(w,o,r))),u.c[u.c.length]=b,f=o.a.ec().Kc();f.Ob();)y7(a,BB(f.Pb(),46).b)}}function tUn(n){NM(n,new MTn(dj(vj(wj(pj(gj(new du,w4n),"ELK Radial"),'A radial layout provider which is based on the algorithm of Peter Eades published in "Drawing free trees.", published by International Institute for Advanced Study of Social Information Science, Fujitsu Limited in 1991. 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tXn(n,t){var e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k,j,E,T,M,S,P,C,I;for(v=new M2(n.b,0),d=0,s=BB((f=t.Kc()).Pb(),19).a,k=0,e=new Rv,E=new fA;v.b=n.a&&(r=yBn(n,v),l=e.Math.max(l,r.b),y=e.Math.max(y,r.d),WB(o,new rI(v,r)));for(E=new Np,f=0;f0),g.a.Xb(g.c=--g.b),yR(g,T=new HX(n.b)),Px(g.b0?(h=0,p&&(h+=o),h+=(M-1)*u,m&&(h+=o),T&&m&&(h=e.Math.max(h,nxn(m,u,v,E))),h0){for(l=h<100?null:new Fj(h),w=(s=new jcn(t)).g,g=x8(ANt,hQn,25,h,15,1),i=0,m=new gtn(h),r=0;r=0;)if(null!=b?Nfn(b,w[o]):GI(b)===GI(w[o])){g.length<=i&&aHn(g,0,g=x8(ANt,hQn,25,2*g.length,15,1),0,i),g[i++]=r,f9(m,w[o]);break n}if(GI(b)===GI(u))break}}if(s=m,w=m.g,h=i,i>g.length&&aHn(g,0,g=x8(ANt,hQn,25,i,15,1),0,i),i>0){for(v=!0,c=0;c=0;)Lyn(n,g[a]);if(i!=h){for(r=h;--r>=i;)Lyn(s,r);aHn(g,0,g=x8(ANt,hQn,25,i,15,1),0,i)}t=s}}}else for(t=jyn(n,t),r=n.i;--r>=0;)t.Hc(n.g[r])&&(Lyn(n,r),v=!0);if(v){if(null!=g){for(f=1==(e=t.gc())?yZ(n,4,t.Kc().Pb(),null,g[0],d):yZ(n,6,t,g,g[0],d),l=e<100?null:new 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Np,GI(ZAn(t,ESt))===GI((ufn(),pCt))&&(OC(r,YOt)||OC(r,QOt)))for(l=pRn(n,t),Frn(b=new YT,(!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(UOt,t,10,11)),t.a));0!=b.b;)Ngn(f=BB(0==b.b?null:(Px(0!=b.b),Atn(b,b.a.a)),33)),GI(ZAn(f,ESt))===GI(mCt)||P8(f,eSt)&&!j5(r,ZAn(f,mPt))?(gun(u,lXn(n,f,e,i)),Ypn(f,ESt,mCt),KKn(f)):Frn(b,(!f.a&&(f.a=new eU(UOt,f,10,11)),f.a));else for(l=(!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(UOt,t,10,11)),t.a).i,a=new AL((!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(UOt,t,10,11)),t.a));a.e!=a.i.gc();)gun(u,lXn(n,c=BB(kpn(a),33),e,i)),KKn(c);for(w=new Wb(u);w.a=0?hwn(u):Tln(hwn(u)),n.Ye(upt,b)),s=new Gj,l=!1,n.Xe(npt)?(Hx(s,BB(n.We(npt),8)),l=!0):yL(s,a.a/2,a.b/2),b.g){case 4:hon(h,kgt,(Tbn(),Flt)),hon(h,Gft,(Jun(),$ht)),h.o.b=a.b,d<0&&(h.o.a=-d),qCn(f,(kUn(),oIt)),l||(s.a=a.a),s.a-=a.a;break;case 2:hon(h,kgt,(Tbn(),Hlt)),hon(h,Gft,(Jun(),Oht)),h.o.b=a.b,d<0&&(h.o.a=-d),qCn(f,(kUn(),CIt)),l||(s.a=0);break;case 1:hon(h,ilt,(z7(),Cft)),h.o.a=a.a,d<0&&(h.o.b=-d),qCn(f,(kUn(),SIt)),l||(s.b=a.b),s.b-=a.b;break;case 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Ck).a+=t<0?"0E+":"0E",j.a+=-t,j.a}if(y=x8(ONt,WVn,25,1+(m=10*w+1+7),15,1),e=m,1==w)if((u=r[0])<0){C=e0(u,UQn);do{d=C,C=Ojn(C,10),y[--e]=48+dG(ibn(d,cbn(C,10)))&QVn}while(0!=Vhn(C,0))}else{C=u;do{d=C,C=C/10|0,y[--e]=d-10*C+48&QVn}while(0!=C)}else{aHn(r,0,S=x8(ANt,hQn,25,w,15,1),0,P=w);n:for(;;){for(E=0,s=P-1;s>=0;s--)p=fTn(rbn(yz(E,32),e0(S[s],UQn))),S[s]=dG(p),E=dG(kz(p,32));v=dG(E),g=e;do{y[--e]=48+v%10&QVn}while(0!=(v=v/10|0)&&0!=e);for(i=9-g+e,o=0;o0;o++)y[--e]=48;for(f=P-1;0==S[f];f--)if(0==f)break n;P=f+1}for(;48==y[e];)++e}if(b=T<0,a=m-e-t-1,0==t)return b&&(y[--e]=45),Bdn(y,e,m-e);if(t>0&&a>=-6){if(a>=0){for(h=e+a,l=m-1;l>=h;l--)y[l+1]=y[l];return y[++h]=46,b&&(y[--e]=45),Bdn(y,e,m-e+1)}for(f=2;f<1-a;f++)y[--e]=48;return y[--e]=46,y[--e]=48,b&&(y[--e]=45),Bdn(y,e,m-e)}return M=e+1,c=m,k=new Ik,b&&(k.a+="-"),c-M>=1?(xX(k,y[e]),k.a+=".",k.a+=Bdn(y,e+1,m-e-1)):k.a+=Bdn(y,e,m-e),k.a+="E",a>0&&(k.a+="+"),k.a+=""+a,k.a}function GXn(n,t){var i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k;switch(n.c=t,n.g=new xp,GM(),twn(new Pw(new Dy(n.c))),v=SD(ZAn(n.c,(MMn(),dTt))),u=BB(ZAn(n.c,pTt),316),y=BB(ZAn(n.c,vTt),429),c=BB(ZAn(n.c,hTt),482),m=BB(ZAn(n.c,gTt),430),n.j=Gy(MD(ZAn(n.c,mTt))),a=n.a,u.g){case 0:a=n.a;break;case 1:a=n.b;break;case 2:a=n.i;break;case 3:a=n.e;break;case 4:a=n.f;break;default:throw Hp(new _y(N4n+(null!=u.f?u.f:""+u.g)))}if(n.d=new DJ(a,y,c),hon(n.d,(Xcn(),Qrt),TD(ZAn(n.c,lTt))),n.d.c=qy(TD(ZAn(n.c,fTt))),0==YQ(n.c).i)return n.d;for(h=new AL(YQ(n.c));h.e!=h.i.gc();){for(l=(s=BB(kpn(h),33)).g/2,f=s.f/2,k=new xC(s.i+l,s.j+f);hU(n.g,k);)_x(k,(e.Math.random()-.5)*lZn,(e.Math.random()-.5)*lZn);w=BB(ZAn(s,(sWn(),$St)),142),d=new AZ(k,new UV(k.a-l-n.j/2-w.b,k.b-f-n.j/2-w.d,s.g+n.j+(w.b+w.c),s.f+n.j+(w.d+w.a))),WB(n.d.i,d),VW(n.g,k,new rI(d,s))}switch(m.g){case 0:if(null==v)n.d.d=BB(xq(n.d.i,0),65);else for(p=new Wb(n.d.i);p.a1&&r5(f,v,f.c.b,f.c),mtn(c)));v=m}return f}function UXn(n,t,e){var i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k,j,E,T,M,S,P,C,I,O,A;for(OTn(e,"Greedy cycle removal",1),A=(m=t.a).c.length,n.a=x8(ANt,hQn,25,A,15,1),n.c=x8(ANt,hQn,25,A,15,1),n.b=x8(ANt,hQn,25,A,15,1),s=0,p=new Wb(m);p.a0?S+1:1);for(a=new Wb(k.g);a.a0?S+1:1)}0==n.c[s]?DH(n.e,d):0==n.a[s]&&DH(n.f,d),++s}for(w=-1,b=1,f=new Np,n.d=BB(mMn(t,(hWn(),Slt)),230);A>0;){for(;0!=n.e.b;)C=BB(dH(n.e),10),n.b[C.p]=w--,QKn(n,C),--A;for(;0!=n.f.b;)I=BB(dH(n.f),10),n.b[I.p]=b++,QKn(n,I),--A;if(A>0){for(l=_Vn,v=new Wb(m);v.a=l&&(y>l&&(f.c=x8(Ant,HWn,1,0,5,1),l=y),f.c[f.c.length]=d);h=n.Zf(f),n.b[h.p]=b++,QKn(n,h),--A}}for(P=m.c.length+1,s=0;sn.b[O]&&(tBn(i,!0),hon(t,qft,(hN(),!0)));n.a=null,n.c=null,n.b=null,yQ(n.f),yQ(n.e),HSn(e)}function XXn(n,t){var e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p;for(i=new Np,u=new Np,g=t/2,b=n.gc(),r=BB(n.Xb(0),8),p=BB(n.Xb(1),8),WB(i,(l1(0,(w=QAn(r.a,r.b,p.a,p.b,g)).c.length),BB(w.c[0],8))),WB(u,(l1(1,w.c.length),BB(w.c[1],8))),s=2;s=0;o--)DH(e,(l1(o,a.c.length),BB(a.c[o],8)));return e}function WXn(n){var t,e,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b;if(a=!0,f=null,i=null,r=null,t=!1,b=kAt,s=null,c=null,(o=Vgn(n,u=0,AAt,$At))=0&&mK(n.substr(u,"//".length),"//")?(o=Vgn(n,u+=2,LAt,NAt),i=n.substr(u,o-u),u=o):null==f||u!=n.length&&(b1(u,n.length),47==n.charCodeAt(u))||(a=!1,-1==(o=yN(n,YTn(35),u))&&(o=n.length),i=n.substr(u,o-u),u=o);if(!e&&u0&&58==fV(h,h.length-1)&&(r=h,u=o)),u=n.j)return n.a=-1,void(n.c=1);if(t=fV(n.i,n.d++),n.a=t,1!=n.b){switch(t){case 124:i=2;break;case 42:i=3;break;case 43:i=4;break;case 63:i=5;break;case 41:i=7;break;case 46:i=8;break;case 91:i=9;break;case 94:i=11;break;case 36:i=12;break;case 40:if(i=6,n.d>=n.j)break;if(63!=fV(n.i,n.d))break;if(++n.d>=n.j)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),p8n))));switch(t=fV(n.i,n.d++)){case 58:i=13;break;case 61:i=14;break;case 33:i=15;break;case 91:i=19;break;case 62:i=18;break;case 60:if(n.d>=n.j)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),p8n))));if(61==(t=fV(n.i,n.d++)))i=16;else{if(33!=t)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),v8n))));i=17}break;case 35:for(;n.d=n.j)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),g8n))));n.a=fV(n.i,n.d++);break;default:i=0}n.c=i}else{switch(t){case 92:if(i=10,n.d>=n.j)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),g8n))));n.a=fV(n.i,n.d++);break;case 45:512==(512&n.e)&&n.d=j||!Ndn(v,i))&&(i=r1(t,f)),PZ(v,i),c=new oz(ZL(fbn(v).a.Kc(),new h));dAn(c);)r=BB(U5(c),17),n.a[r.p]||(g=r.c.i,--n.e[g.p],0==n.e[g.p]&&F8(eMn(w,g)));for(s=f.c.length-1;s>=0;--s)WB(t.b,(l1(s,f.c.length),BB(f.c[s],29)));t.a.c=x8(Ant,HWn,1,0,5,1),HSn(e)}else HSn(e)}function ZXn(n){var t,e,i,r,c,a,u,o;for(n.b=1,QXn(n),t=null,0==n.c&&94==n.a?(QXn(n),wWn(),wWn(),Yxn(t=new M0(4),0,unt),a=new M0(4)):(wWn(),wWn(),a=new M0(4)),r=!0;1!=(o=n.c);){if(0==o&&93==n.a&&!r){t&&(WGn(t,a),a=t);break}if(e=n.a,i=!1,10==o)switch(e){case 100:case 68:case 119:case 87:case 115:case 83:sHn(a,d_n(e)),i=!0;break;case 105:case 73:case 99:case 67:sHn(a,d_n(e)),(e=-1)<0&&(i=!0);break;case 112:case 80:if(!(u=DIn(n,e)))throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),O8n))));sHn(a,u),i=!0;break;default:e=qDn(n)}else if(24==o&&!r){if(t&&(WGn(t,a),a=t),WGn(a,ZXn(n)),0!=n.c||93!=n.a)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),N8n))));break}if(QXn(n),!i){if(0==o){if(91==e)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),x8n))));if(93==e)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),D8n))));if(45==e&&!r&&93!=n.a)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),R8n))))}if(0!=n.c||45!=n.a||45==e&&r)Yxn(a,e,e);else{if(QXn(n),1==(o=n.c))throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),$8n))));if(0==o&&93==n.a)Yxn(a,e,e),Yxn(a,45,45);else{if(0==o&&93==n.a||24==o)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),R8n))));if(c=n.a,0==o){if(91==c)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),x8n))));if(93==c)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),D8n))));if(45==c)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),R8n))))}else 10==o&&(c=qDn(n));if(QXn(n),e>c)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),F8n))));Yxn(a,e,c)}}}r=!1}if(1==n.c)throw Hp(new ak(kWn((u$(),$8n))));return T$n(a),qHn(a),n.b=0,QXn(n),a}function nWn(n){V$n(n.c,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal"])),V$n(n.d,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"])),V$n(n.e,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"])),V$n(n.f,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EBoolean",t8n,"EBoolean:Object"])),V$n(n.i,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#byte"])),V$n(n.g,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#hexBinary"])),V$n(n.j,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EByte",t8n,"EByte:Object"])),V$n(n.n,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EChar",t8n,"EChar:Object"])),V$n(n.t,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double"])),V$n(n.u,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EDouble",t8n,"EDouble:Object"])),V$n(n.F,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float"])),V$n(n.G,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EFloat",t8n,"EFloat:Object"])),V$n(n.I,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"])),V$n(n.J,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EInt",t8n,"EInt:Object"])),V$n(n.N,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long"])),V$n(n.O,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"ELong",t8n,"ELong:Object"])),V$n(n.Z,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#short"])),V$n(n.$,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"EShort",t8n,"EShort:Object"])),V$n(n._,_9n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[J9n,"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"]))}function tWn(n){var t,i,r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k,j,E,T,M,S,P,C;if(1==n.c.length)return l1(0,n.c.length),BB(n.c[0],135);if(n.c.length<=0)return new P6;for(s=new Wb(n);s.al&&(P=0,C+=f+E,f=0),ELn(k,u,P,C),t=e.Math.max(t,P+j.a),f=e.Math.max(f,j.b),P+=j.a+E;for(y=new xp,i=new xp,M=new Wb(n);M.av$n(c))&&(f=c);for(!f&&(l1(0,d.c.length),f=BB(d.c[0],180)),w=new Wb(t.b);w.a=-1900?1:0,oO(n,e>=4?Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[fQn,lQn])[a]:Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["BC","AD"])[a]);break;case 121:opn(n,e,i);break;case 77:XKn(n,e,i);break;case 107:Enn(n,0==(u=r.q.getHours())?24:u,e);break;case 83:RLn(n,e,r);break;case 69:o=i.q.getDay(),oO(n,5==e?Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"])[o]:4==e?Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[bQn,wQn,dQn,gQn,pQn,vQn,mQn])[o]:Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"])[o]);break;case 97:r.q.getHours()>=12&&r.q.getHours()<24?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["AM","PM"])[1]):oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["AM","PM"])[0]);break;case 104:Enn(n,0==(s=r.q.getHours()%12)?12:s,e);break;case 75:Enn(n,r.q.getHours()%12,e);break;case 72:Enn(n,r.q.getHours(),e);break;case 99:h=i.q.getDay(),5==e?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"])[h]):4==e?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[bQn,wQn,dQn,gQn,pQn,vQn,mQn])[h]):3==e?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"])[h]):Enn(n,h,1);break;case 76:f=i.q.getMonth(),5==e?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["J","F","M","A","M","J","J","A","S","O","N","D"])[f]):4==e?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,[YVn,JVn,ZVn,nQn,tQn,eQn,iQn,rQn,cQn,aQn,uQn,oQn])[f]):3==e?oO(n,Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr",tQn,"Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"])[f]):Enn(n,f+1,e);break;case 81:l=i.q.getMonth()/3|0,oO(n,e<4?Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["Q1","Q2","Q3","Q4"])[l]:Pun(Gk(Qtt,1),sVn,2,6,["1st quarter","2nd quarter","3rd quarter","4th quarter"])[l]);break;case 100:Enn(n,i.q.getDate(),e);break;case 109:Enn(n,r.q.getMinutes(),e);break;case 115:Enn(n,r.q.getSeconds(),e);break;case 122:oO(n,e<4?c.c[0]:c.c[1]);break;case 118:oO(n,c.b);break;case 90:oO(n,e<3?nIn(c):3==e?wIn(c):dIn(c.a));break;default:return!1}return!0}function uWn(n,t,e,i){var r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k,j,E,T,M,S,P,C;if(tKn(t),o=BB(Wtn((!t.b&&(t.b=new hK(KOt,t,4,7)),t.b),0),82),h=BB(Wtn((!t.c&&(t.c=new hK(KOt,t,5,8)),t.c),0),82),u=PTn(o),s=PTn(h),a=0==(!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(FOt,t,6,6)),t.a).i?null:BB(Wtn((!t.a&&(t.a=new eU(FOt,t,6,6)),t.a),0),202),j=BB(RX(n.a,u),10),S=BB(RX(n.a,s),10),E=null,P=null,cL(o,186)&&(cL(k=BB(RX(n.a,o),299),11)?E=BB(k,11):cL(k,10)&&(j=BB(k,10),E=BB(xq(j.j,0),11))),cL(h,186)&&(cL(M=BB(RX(n.a,h),299),11)?P=BB(M,11):cL(M,10)&&(S=BB(M,10),P=BB(xq(S.j,0),11))),!j||!S)throw Hp(new ck("The source or the target of edge "+t+" could not be found. This usually happens when an edge connects a node laid out by ELK Layered to a node in another level of hierarchy laid out by either another instance of ELK Layered or another layout algorithm alltogether. The former can be solved by setting the hierarchyHandling option to INCLUDE_CHILDREN."));for(qan(d=new wY,t),hon(d,(hWn(),dlt),t),hon(d,(HXn(),vgt),null),b=BB(mMn(i,Zft),21),j==S&&b.Fc((bDn(),vft)),E||(ain(),y=qvt,T=null,a&&vA(BB(mMn(j,ept),98))&&(Y3(T=new xC(a.j,a.k),XJ(t)),t5(T,e),Ctn(s,u)&&(y=Hvt,UR(T,j.n))),E=dHn(j,T,y,i)),P||(ain(),y=Hvt,C=null,a&&vA(BB(mMn(S,ept),98))&&(Y3(C=new xC(a.b,a.c),XJ(t)),t5(C,e)),P=dHn(S,C,y,vW(S))),SZ(d,E),MZ(d,P),(E.e.c.length>1||E.g.c.length>1||P.e.c.length>1||P.g.c.length>1)&&b.Fc((bDn(),bft)),l=new AL((!t.n&&(t.n=new eU(zOt,t,1,7)),t.n));l.e!=l.i.gc();)if(!qy(TD(ZAn(f=BB(kpn(l),137),Ggt)))&&f.a)switch(g=Hhn(f),WB(d.b,g),BB(mMn(g,Ydt),272).g){case 1:case 2:b.Fc((bDn(),fft));break;case 0:b.Fc((bDn(),sft)),hon(g,Ydt,(Rtn(),zPt))}if(c=BB(mMn(i,qdt),314),p=BB(mMn(i,_gt),315),r=c==(Oin(),sht)||p==(Nvn(),pvt),a&&0!=(!a.a&&(a.a=new $L(xOt,a,5)),a.a).i&&r){for(v=qSn(a),w=new km,m=spn(v,0);m.b!=m.d.c;)DH(w,new wA(BB(b3(m),8)));hon(d,glt,w)}return d}function oWn(n){n.gb||(n.gb=!0,n.b=kan(n,0),Rrn(n.b,18),Krn(n.b,19),n.a=kan(n,1),Rrn(n.a,1),Krn(n.a,2),Krn(n.a,3),Krn(n.a,4),Krn(n.a,5),n.o=kan(n,2),Rrn(n.o,8),Rrn(n.o,9),Krn(n.o,10),Krn(n.o,11),Krn(n.o,12),Krn(n.o,13),Krn(n.o,14),Krn(n.o,15),Krn(n.o,16),Krn(n.o,17),Krn(n.o,18),Krn(n.o,19),Krn(n.o,20),Krn(n.o,21),Krn(n.o,22),Krn(n.o,23),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),otn(n.o),n.p=kan(n,3),Rrn(n.p,2),Rrn(n.p,3),Rrn(n.p,4),Rrn(n.p,5),Krn(n.p,6),Krn(n.p,7),otn(n.p),otn(n.p),n.q=kan(n,4),Rrn(n.q,8),n.v=kan(n,5),Krn(n.v,9),otn(n.v),otn(n.v),otn(n.v),n.w=kan(n,6),Rrn(n.w,2),Rrn(n.w,3),Rrn(n.w,4),Krn(n.w,5),n.B=kan(n,7),Krn(n.B,1),otn(n.B),otn(n.B),otn(n.B),n.Q=kan(n,8),Krn(n.Q,0),otn(n.Q),n.R=kan(n,9),Rrn(n.R,1),n.S=kan(n,10),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),otn(n.S),n.T=kan(n,11),Krn(n.T,10),Krn(n.T,11),Krn(n.T,12),Krn(n.T,13),Krn(n.T,14),otn(n.T),otn(n.T),n.U=kan(n,12),Rrn(n.U,2),Rrn(n.U,3),Krn(n.U,4),Krn(n.U,5),Krn(n.U,6),Krn(n.U,7),otn(n.U),n.V=kan(n,13),Krn(n.V,10),n.W=kan(n,14),Rrn(n.W,18),Rrn(n.W,19),Rrn(n.W,20),Krn(n.W,21),Krn(n.W,22),Krn(n.W,23),n.bb=kan(n,15),Rrn(n.bb,10),Rrn(n.bb,11),Rrn(n.bb,12),Rrn(n.bb,13),Rrn(n.bb,14),Rrn(n.bb,15),Rrn(n.bb,16),Krn(n.bb,17),otn(n.bb),otn(n.bb),n.eb=kan(n,16),Rrn(n.eb,2),Rrn(n.eb,3),Rrn(n.eb,4),Rrn(n.eb,5),Rrn(n.eb,6),Rrn(n.eb,7),Krn(n.eb,8),Krn(n.eb,9),n.ab=kan(n,17),Rrn(n.ab,0),Rrn(n.ab,1),n.H=kan(n,18),Krn(n.H,0),Krn(n.H,1),Krn(n.H,2),Krn(n.H,3),Krn(n.H,4),Krn(n.H,5),otn(n.H),n.db=kan(n,19),Krn(n.db,2),n.c=jan(n,20),n.d=jan(n,21),n.e=jan(n,22),n.f=jan(n,23),n.i=jan(n,24),n.g=jan(n,25),n.j=jan(n,26),n.k=jan(n,27),n.n=jan(n,28),n.r=jan(n,29),n.s=jan(n,30),n.t=jan(n,31),n.u=jan(n,32),n.fb=jan(n,33),n.A=jan(n,34),n.C=jan(n,35),n.D=jan(n,36),n.F=jan(n,37),n.G=jan(n,38),n.I=jan(n,39),n.J=jan(n,40),n.L=jan(n,41),n.M=jan(n,42),n.N=jan(n,43),n.O=jan(n,44),n.P=jan(n,45),n.X=jan(n,46),n.Y=jan(n,47),n.Z=jan(n,48),n.$=jan(n,49),n._=jan(n,50),n.cb=jan(n,51),n.K=jan(n,52))}function sWn(){var n,t;sWn=O,eSt=new up(w5n),mPt=new up(d5n),wvn(),iSt=new $O(W2n,rSt=CMt),new $p,cSt=new $O(VJn,null),aSt=new up(g5n),wEn(),fSt=EG(ZMt,Pun(Gk(qPt,1),$Vn,291,0,[VMt])),hSt=new $O(u3n,fSt),lSt=new $O(X2n,(hN(),!1)),Ffn(),bSt=new $O(J2n,wSt=BPt),Mbn(),vSt=new $O(y2n,mSt=ZPt),jSt=new $O(A4n,!1),ufn(),ESt=new $O(d2n,TSt=vCt),WSt=new WA(12),XSt=new $O(QJn,WSt),CSt=new $O(jZn,!1),ISt=new $O(m3n,!1),USt=new $O(MZn,!1),QEn(),uPt=new $O(EZn,oPt=YCt),gPt=new up(g3n),pPt=new up(pZn),vPt=new up(yZn),kPt=new up(kZn),ASt=new km,OSt=new $O(o3n,ASt),sSt=new $O(f3n,!1),MSt=new $O(l3n,!1),new up(p5n),LSt=new lm,$St=new $O(p3n,LSt),zSt=new $O(z2n,!1),new $p,yPt=new $O(v5n,1),new $O(m5n,!0),iln(0),new $O(y5n,iln(100)),new $O(k5n,!1),iln(0),new $O(j5n,iln(4e3)),iln(0),new $O(E5n,iln(400)),new $O(T5n,!1),new $O(M5n,!1),new $O(S5n,!0),new $O(P5n,!1),Fwn(),uSt=new $O(b5n,oSt=eOt),jPt=new $O(L2n,10),EPt=new $O(N2n,10),TPt=new $O(XJn,20),MPt=new $O(x2n,10),SPt=new $O(mZn,2),PPt=new $O(D2n,10),IPt=new $O(R2n,0),OPt=new $O(F2n,5),APt=new $O(K2n,1),$Pt=new $O(_2n,1),LPt=new $O(vZn,20),NPt=new $O(B2n,10),RPt=new $O(H2n,10),CPt=new up(q2n),DPt=new lA,xPt=new $O(v3n,DPt),YSt=new up(d3n),VSt=new $O(w3n,QSt=!1),xSt=new WA(5),NSt=new $O(Z2n,xSt),n$n(),t=BB(Vj(GCt),9),RSt=new YK(t,BB(SR(t,t.length),9),0),DSt=new $O(CZn,RSt),cpn(),ZSt=new $O(e3n,nPt=BCt),ePt=new up(i3n),iPt=new up(r3n),rPt=new up(c3n),tPt=new up(a3n),n=BB(Vj(YIt),9),_St=new YK(n,BB(SR(n,n.length),9),0),KSt=new $O(PZn,_St),GSt=nbn((n_n(),GIt)),qSt=new $O(SZn,GSt),HSt=new xC(0,0),BSt=new $O(BZn,HSt),FSt=new $O(Y2n,!1),Rtn(),gSt=new $O(s3n,pSt=zPt),dSt=new $O(TZn,!1),new up(C5n),iln(1),new $O(I5n,null),cPt=new up(b3n),sPt=new up(h3n),kUn(),wPt=new $O(U2n,dPt=PIt),aPt=new up(G2n),lIn(),lPt=nbn(rIt),fPt=new $O(IZn,lPt),hPt=new $O(n3n,!1),bPt=new $O(t3n,!0),SSt=new $O(V2n,!1),PSt=new $O(Q2n,!1),ySt=new $O(WJn,1),nMn(),new $O(O5n,kSt=aCt),JSt=!0}function hWn(){var n,t;hWn=O,dlt=new up(OZn),Fft=new up("coordinateOrigin"),Mlt=new up("processors"),_ft=new iR("compoundNode",(hN(),!1)),elt=new iR("insideConnections",!1),glt=new up("originalBendpoints"),plt=new up("originalDummyNodePosition"),vlt=new up("originalLabelEdge"),Plt=new up("representedLabels"),zft=new up("endLabels"),Uft=new up("endLabel.origin"),ult=new iR("labelSide",(Xyn(),MCt)),blt=new iR("maxEdgeThickness",0),Clt=new iR("reversed",!1),Slt=new up(AZn),hlt=new iR("longEdgeSource",null),flt=new iR("longEdgeTarget",null),slt=new iR("longEdgeHasLabelDummies",!1),olt=new iR("longEdgeBeforeLabelDummy",!1),Gft=new iR("edgeConstraint",(Jun(),Aht)),rlt=new up("inLayerLayoutUnit"),ilt=new iR("inLayerConstraint",(z7(),Pft)),clt=new iR("inLayerSuccessorConstraint",new Np),alt=new iR("inLayerSuccessorConstraintBetweenNonDummies",!1),Elt=new up("portDummy"),Bft=new iR("crossingHint",iln(0)),Zft=new iR("graphProperties",new YK(t=BB(Vj(Tft),9),BB(SR(t,t.length),9),0)),Qft=new iR("externalPortSide",(kUn(),PIt)),Yft=new iR("externalPortSize",new Gj),Wft=new up("externalPortReplacedDummies"),Vft=new up("externalPortReplacedDummy"),Xft=new iR("externalPortConnections",new YK(n=BB(Vj(FIt),9),BB(SR(n,n.length),9),0)),Tlt=new iR(dJn,0),xft=new up("barycenterAssociates"),Klt=new up("TopSideComments"),Dft=new up("BottomSideComments"),Kft=new up("CommentConnectionPort"),tlt=new iR("inputCollect",!1),klt=new iR("outputCollect",!1),qft=new iR("cyclic",!1),Hft=new up("crossHierarchyMap"),Rlt=new up("targetOffset"),new iR("splineLabelSize",new Gj),Alt=new up("spacings"),jlt=new iR("partitionConstraint",!1),Rft=new up("breakingPoint.info"),xlt=new up("splines.survivingEdge"),Nlt=new up("splines.route.start"),$lt=new up("splines.edgeChain"),ylt=new up("originalPortConstraints"),Olt=new up("selfLoopHolder"),Llt=new up("splines.nsPortY"),wlt=new up("modelOrder"),llt=new up("longEdgeTargetNode"),Jft=new iR(z1n,!1),Ilt=new iR(z1n,!1),nlt=new up("layerConstraints.hiddenNodes"),mlt=new up("layerConstraints.opposidePort"),Dlt=new up("targetNode.modelOrder")}function fWn(){fWn=O,_nn(),Sbt=new $O(U1n,Pbt=Sht),Gbt=new $O(X1n,(hN(),!1)),z2(),Vbt=new $O(W1n,Qbt=Aft),wwt=new $O(V1n,!1),dwt=new $O(Q1n,!0),Ult=new $O(Y1n,!1),U7(),Nwt=new $O(J1n,xwt=Kvt),iln(1),qwt=new $O(Z1n,iln(7)),Gwt=new $O(n0n,!1),zbt=new $O(t0n,!1),Vvn(),Tbt=new $O(e0n,Mbt=yht),TTn(),lwt=new $O(i0n,bwt=tvt),Tbn(),ewt=new $O(r0n,iwt=qlt),iln(-1),twt=new $O(c0n,iln(-1)),iln(-1),rwt=new $O(a0n,iln(-1)),iln(-1),cwt=new $O(u0n,iln(4)),iln(-1),uwt=new $O(o0n,iln(2)),sNn(),hwt=new $O(s0n,fwt=Ivt),iln(0),swt=new $O(h0n,iln(0)),Zbt=new $O(f0n,iln(DWn)),Oin(),jbt=new $O(l0n,Ebt=hht),ubt=new $O(b0n,!1),gbt=new $O(w0n,.1),ybt=new $O(d0n,!1),iln(-1),vbt=new $O(g0n,iln(-1)),iln(-1),mbt=new $O(p0n,iln(-1)),iln(0),obt=new $O(v0n,iln(40)),Kan(),bbt=new $O(m0n,wbt=Eft),sbt=new $O(y0n,hbt=kft),Nvn(),$wt=new $O(k0n,Lwt=gvt),jwt=new up(j0n),g7(),gwt=new $O(E0n,pwt=qht),Bjn(),mwt=new $O(T0n,ywt=Qht),new $p,Mwt=new $O(M0n,.3),Pwt=new up(S0n),bvn(),Cwt=new $O(P0n,Iwt=lvt),Hcn(),Nbt=new $O(C0n,xbt=Wvt),A6(),Dbt=new $O(I0n,Rbt=Zvt),Usn(),Kbt=new $O(O0n,_bt=rmt),Bbt=new $O(A0n,.2),$bt=new $O($0n,2),_wt=new $O(L0n,null),Bwt=new $O(N0n,10),Fwt=new $O(x0n,10),Hwt=new $O(D0n,20),iln(0),Dwt=new $O(R0n,iln(0)),iln(0),Rwt=new $O(K0n,iln(0)),iln(0),Kwt=new $O(_0n,iln(0)),Xlt=new $O(F0n,!1),JMn(),Qlt=new $O(B0n,Ylt=cft),V8(),Wlt=new $O(H0n,Vlt=aht),Xbt=new $O(q0n,!1),iln(0),Ubt=new $O(G0n,iln(16)),iln(0),Wbt=new $O(z0n,iln(5)),$un(),ldt=new $O(U0n,bdt=bmt),zwt=new $O(X0n,10),Wwt=new $O(W0n,1),uin(),edt=new $O(V0n,idt=ght),Ywt=new up(Q0n),ndt=iln(1),iln(0),Zwt=new $O(Y0n,ndt),dcn(),pdt=new $O(J0n,vdt=umt),wdt=new up(Z0n),odt=new $O(n2n,!0),adt=new $O(t2n,2),hdt=new $O(e2n,!0),gSn(),Obt=new $O(i2n,Abt=_ht),$Pn(),Cbt=new $O(r2n,Ibt=Zst),mon(),cbt=new $O(c2n,abt=Nvt),rbt=new $O(a2n,!1),Bfn(),Jlt=new $O(u2n,Zlt=wut),Mhn(),ebt=new $O(o2n,ibt=cvt),nbt=new $O(s2n,0),tbt=new $O(h2n,0),Jbt=jht,Ybt=sht,awt=nvt,owt=nvt,nwt=Ypt,ufn(),pbt=pCt,kbt=hht,dbt=hht,fbt=hht,lbt=pCt,Ewt=mvt,Twt=gvt,vwt=gvt,kwt=gvt,Swt=vvt,Awt=mvt,Owt=mvt,Mbn(),Fbt=JPt,Hbt=JPt,qbt=rmt,Lbt=YPt,Uwt=wmt,Xwt=lmt,Vwt=wmt,Qwt=lmt,rdt=wmt,cdt=lmt,Jwt=dht,tdt=ght,mdt=wmt,ydt=lmt,ddt=wmt,gdt=lmt,sdt=lmt,udt=lmt,fdt=lmt}function lWn(){lWn=O,rot=new nP("DIRECTION_PREPROCESSOR",0),tot=new nP("COMMENT_PREPROCESSOR",1),cot=new nP("EDGE_AND_LAYER_CONSTRAINT_EDGE_REVERSER",2),kot=new nP("INTERACTIVE_EXTERNAL_PORT_POSITIONER",3),Fot=new nP("PARTITION_PREPROCESSOR",4),Mot=new nP("LABEL_DUMMY_INSERTER",5),Uot=new nP("SELF_LOOP_PREPROCESSOR",6),Oot=new nP("LAYER_CONSTRAINT_PREPROCESSOR",7),Kot=new nP("PARTITION_MIDPROCESSOR",8),got=new nP("HIGH_DEGREE_NODE_LAYER_PROCESSOR",9),Not=new nP("NODE_PROMOTION",10),Iot=new nP("LAYER_CONSTRAINT_POSTPROCESSOR",11),_ot=new nP("PARTITION_POSTPROCESSOR",12),lot=new nP("HIERARCHICAL_PORT_CONSTRAINT_PROCESSOR",13),Wot=new nP("SEMI_INTERACTIVE_CROSSMIN_PROCESSOR",14),Vut=new nP("BREAKING_POINT_INSERTER",15),Lot=new nP("LONG_EDGE_SPLITTER",16),Hot=new nP("PORT_SIDE_PROCESSOR",17),jot=new nP("INVERTED_PORT_PROCESSOR",18),Bot=new nP("PORT_LIST_SORTER",19),Qot=new nP("SORT_BY_INPUT_ORDER_OF_MODEL",20),Dot=new nP("NORTH_SOUTH_PORT_PREPROCESSOR",21),Qut=new nP("BREAKING_POINT_PROCESSOR",22),Rot=new nP(E1n,23),Yot=new nP(T1n,24),Got=new nP("SELF_LOOP_PORT_RESTORER",25),Vot=new nP("SINGLE_EDGE_GRAPH_WRAPPER",26),Eot=new nP("IN_LAYER_CONSTRAINT_PROCESSOR",27),sot=new nP("END_NODE_PORT_LABEL_MANAGEMENT_PROCESSOR",28),Tot=new nP("LABEL_AND_NODE_SIZE_PROCESSOR",29),yot=new nP("INNERMOST_NODE_MARGIN_CALCULATOR",30),Xot=new nP("SELF_LOOP_ROUTER",31),Zut=new nP("COMMENT_NODE_MARGIN_CALCULATOR",32),uot=new nP("END_LABEL_PREPROCESSOR",33),Pot=new nP("LABEL_DUMMY_SWITCHER",34),Jut=new nP("CENTER_LABEL_MANAGEMENT_PROCESSOR",35),Cot=new nP("LABEL_SIDE_SELECTOR",36),vot=new nP("HYPEREDGE_DUMMY_MERGER",37),bot=new nP("HIERARCHICAL_PORT_DUMMY_SIZE_PROCESSOR",38),Aot=new nP("LAYER_SIZE_AND_GRAPH_HEIGHT_CALCULATOR",39),dot=new nP("HIERARCHICAL_PORT_POSITION_PROCESSOR",40),eot=new nP("CONSTRAINTS_POSTPROCESSOR",41),not=new nP("COMMENT_POSTPROCESSOR",42),mot=new nP("HYPERNODE_PROCESSOR",43),wot=new nP("HIERARCHICAL_PORT_ORTHOGONAL_EDGE_ROUTER",44),$ot=new nP("LONG_EDGE_JOINER",45),zot=new nP("SELF_LOOP_POSTPROCESSOR",46),Yut=new nP("BREAKING_POINT_REMOVER",47),xot=new nP("NORTH_SOUTH_PORT_POSTPROCESSOR",48),pot=new nP("HORIZONTAL_COMPACTOR",49),Sot=new nP("LABEL_DUMMY_REMOVER",50),hot=new nP("FINAL_SPLINE_BENDPOINTS_CALCULATOR",51),oot=new nP("END_LABEL_SORTER",52),qot=new nP("REVERSED_EDGE_RESTORER",53),aot=new nP("END_LABEL_POSTPROCESSOR",54),fot=new nP("HIERARCHICAL_NODE_RESIZER",55),iot=new nP("DIRECTION_POSTPROCESSOR",56)}function bWn(n,t,i){var r,c,a,u,o,s,h,f,l,b,w,d,g,p,v,m,y,k,j,E,T,M,S,P,C,I,O,A,$,L,N,x,D,R,K,_,F,B,H,q,G,z,U,X,W,V,Q,Y,J,Z,nn,tn,en,rn,cn,an,un,on;for(J=0,L=0,D=(O=t).length;L0&&(n.a[q.p]=J++)}for(rn=0,N=0,R=(A=i).length;N0;){for(Px(X.b>0),U=0,o=new Wb((q=BB(X.a.Xb(X.c=--X.b),11)).e);o.a0&&(q.j==(kUn(),sIt)?(n.a[q.p]=rn,++rn):(n.a[q.p]=rn+K+F,++F))}rn+=F}for(z=new xp,d=new fA,$=0,x=(I=t).length;$h.b&&(h.b=W)):q.i.c==Y&&(Wh.c&&(h.c=W));for(z9(g,0,g.length,null),en=x8(ANt,hQn,25,g.length,15,1),r=x8(ANt,hQn,25,rn+1,15,1),v=0;v0;)T%2>0&&(c+=un[T+1]),++un[T=(T-1)/2|0];for(S=x8(qmt,HWn,362,2*g.length,0,1),k=0;k'?":mK(v8n,n)?"'(?<' or '(? toIndex: ",kYn=", toIndex: ",jYn="Index: ",EYn=", Size: ",TYn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common",MYn={62:1},SYn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.compaction",PYn="Scanline/EventHandler",CYn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.compaction.oned",IYn="CNode belongs to another CGroup.",OYn="ISpacingsHandler/1",AYn="The ",$Yn=" instance has been finished already.",LYn="The direction ",NYn=" is not supported by the CGraph instance.",xYn="OneDimensionalCompactor",DYn="OneDimensionalCompactor/lambda$0$Type",RYn="Quadruplet",KYn="ScanlineConstraintCalculator",_Yn="ScanlineConstraintCalculator/ConstraintsScanlineHandler",FYn="ScanlineConstraintCalculator/ConstraintsScanlineHandler/lambda$0$Type",BYn="ScanlineConstraintCalculator/Timestamp",HYn="ScanlineConstraintCalculator/lambda$0$Type",qYn={169:1,45:1},GYn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.compaction.options",zYn="org.eclipse.elk.core.data",UYn="org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.traversalStrategy",XYn="org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.lowLevelSort",WYn="org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.highLevelSort",VYn="org.eclipse.elk.polyomino.fill",QYn={130:1},YYn="polyomino",JYn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.networksimplex",ZYn={177:1,3:1,4:1},nJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing",tJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing.cellsystem",eJn="CENTER",iJn={212:1,326:1},rJn={3:1,4:1,5:1,595:1},cJn="LEFT",aJn="RIGHT",uJn="Vertical alignment cannot be null",oJn="BOTTOM",sJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing.internal",hJn="UNDEFINED",fJn=.01,lJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.nodespacing.internal.algorithm",bJn="LabelPlacer/lambda$0$Type",wJn="LabelPlacer/lambda$1$Type",dJn="portRatioOrPosition",gJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.overlaps",pJn="DOWN",vJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.polyomino",mJn="NORTH",yJn="EAST",kJn="SOUTH",jJn="WEST",EJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.polyomino.structures",TJn="Direction",MJn="Grid is only of size ",SJn=". Requested point (",PJn=") is out of bounds.",CJn=" Given center based coordinates were (",IJn="org.eclipse.elk.graph.properties",OJn="IPropertyHolder",AJn={3:1,94:1,134:1},$Jn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.spore",LJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.common.utils",NJn={209:1},xJn="org.eclipse.elk.core",DJn="Connected Components Compaction",RJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco",KJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco.graph",_Jn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco.options",FJn="CompactionStrategy",BJn="org.eclipse.elk.disco.componentCompaction.strategy",HJn="org.eclipse.elk.disco.componentCompaction.componentLayoutAlgorithm",qJn="org.eclipse.elk.disco.debug.discoGraph",GJn="org.eclipse.elk.disco.debug.discoPolys",zJn="componentCompaction",UJn="org.eclipse.elk.disco",XJn="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.componentComponent",WJn="org.eclipse.elk.edge.thickness",VJn="org.eclipse.elk.aspectRatio",QJn="org.eclipse.elk.padding",YJn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.disco.transform",JJn=1.5707963267948966,ZJn=17976931348623157e292,nZn={3:1,4:1,5:1,192:1},tZn={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,106:1,120:1},eZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.force",iZn="ComponentsProcessor",rZn="ComponentsProcessor/1",cZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.graph",aZn="Component Layout",uZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.model",oZn="org.eclipse.elk.force.model",sZn="org.eclipse.elk.force.iterations",hZn="org.eclipse.elk.force.repulsivePower",fZn="org.eclipse.elk.force.temperature",lZn=.001,bZn="org.eclipse.elk.force.repulsion",wZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.options",dZn=1.600000023841858,gZn="org.eclipse.elk.force",pZn="org.eclipse.elk.priority",vZn="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.nodeNode",mZn="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.edgeLabel",yZn="org.eclipse.elk.randomSeed",kZn="org.eclipse.elk.separateConnectedComponents",jZn="org.eclipse.elk.interactive",EZn="org.eclipse.elk.portConstraints",TZn="org.eclipse.elk.edgeLabels.inline",MZn="org.eclipse.elk.omitNodeMicroLayout",SZn="org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.options",PZn="org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.constraints",CZn="org.eclipse.elk.nodeLabels.placement",IZn="org.eclipse.elk.portLabels.placement",OZn="origin",AZn="random",$Zn="boundingBox.upLeft",LZn="boundingBox.lowRight",NZn="org.eclipse.elk.stress.fixed",xZn="org.eclipse.elk.stress.desiredEdgeLength",DZn="org.eclipse.elk.stress.dimension",RZn="org.eclipse.elk.stress.epsilon",KZn="org.eclipse.elk.stress.iterationLimit",_Zn="org.eclipse.elk.stress",FZn="ELK Stress",BZn="org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.minimum",HZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.force.stress",qZn="Layered layout",GZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered",zZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.components",UZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.oned",XZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.oned.algs",WZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compaction.recthull",VZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.components",QZn="NONE",YZn={3:1,6:1,4:1,9:1,5:1,122:1},JZn={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,141:1,106:1,120:1},ZZn="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.compound",n1n={51:1},t1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.graph",e1n=" -> ",i1n="Not supported by LGraph",r1n="Port side is undefined",c1n={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,474:1,141:1,106:1,120:1},a1n={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,141:1,193:1,203:1,106:1,120:1},u1n={3:1,6:1,4:1,5:1,141:1,1943:1,203:1,106:1,120:1},o1n="([{\"' \t\r\n",s1n=")]}\"' \t\r\n",h1n="The given string contains parts that cannot be parsed as numbers.",f1n="org.eclipse.elk.core.math",l1n={3:1,4:1,142:1,207:1,414:1},b1n={3:1,4:1,116:1,207:1,414:1},w1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered",d1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.graph.transform",g1n="ElkGraphImporter",p1n="ElkGraphImporter/lambda$0$Type",v1n="ElkGraphImporter/lambda$1$Type",m1n="ElkGraphImporter/lambda$2$Type",y1n="ElkGraphImporter/lambda$4$Type",k1n="Node margin calculation",j1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate",E1n="ONE_SIDED_GREEDY_SWITCH",T1n="TWO_SIDED_GREEDY_SWITCH",M1n="No implementation is available for the layout processor ",S1n="IntermediateProcessorStrategy",P1n="Node '",C1n="FIRST_SEPARATE",I1n="LAST_SEPARATE",O1n="Odd port side processing",A1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.compaction",$1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.greedyswitch",L1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p3order.counting",N1n={225:1},x1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.loops",D1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.loops.ordering",R1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.loops.routing",K1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.preserveorder",_1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.intermediate.wrapping",F1n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.options",B1n="INTERACTIVE",H1n="DEPTH_FIRST",q1n="EDGE_LENGTH",G1n="SELF_LOOPS",z1n="firstTryWithInitialOrder",U1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.directionCongruency",X1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.feedbackEdges",W1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.interactiveReferencePoint",V1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.mergeEdges",Q1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.mergeHierarchyEdges",Y1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.allowNonFlowPortsToSwitchSides",J1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.portSortingStrategy",Z1n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.thoroughness",n0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.unnecessaryBendpoints",t0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.generatePositionAndLayerIds",e0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.cycleBreaking.strategy",i0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.strategy",r0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.layerConstraint",c0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.layerChoiceConstraint",a0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.layerId",u0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.minWidth.upperBoundOnWidth",o0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.minWidth.upperLayerEstimationScalingFactor",s0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.nodePromotion.strategy",h0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.nodePromotion.maxIterations",f0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.layering.coffmanGraham.layerBound",l0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.strategy",b0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.forceNodeModelOrder",w0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.hierarchicalSweepiness",d0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.semiInteractive",g0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.positionChoiceConstraint",p0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.positionId",v0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.greedySwitch.activationThreshold",m0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.greedySwitch.type",y0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.crossingMinimization.greedySwitchHierarchical.type",k0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.strategy",j0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.favorStraightEdges",E0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.bk.edgeStraightening",T0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.bk.fixedAlignment",M0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.linearSegments.deflectionDampening",S0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.networkSimplex.nodeFlexibility",P0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.nodePlacement.networkSimplex.nodeFlexibility.default",C0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.selfLoopDistribution",I0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.selfLoopOrdering",O0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.splines.mode",A0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.splines.sloppy.layerSpacingFactor",$0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeRouting.polyline.slopedEdgeZoneWidth",L0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.baseValue",N0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.edgeNodeBetweenLayers",x0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.edgeEdgeBetweenLayers",D0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.spacing.nodeNodeBetweenLayers",R0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.priority.direction",K0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.priority.shortness",_0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.priority.straightness",F0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.compaction.connectedComponents",B0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.compaction.postCompaction.strategy",H0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.compaction.postCompaction.constraints",q0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.highDegreeNodes.treatment",G0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.highDegreeNodes.threshold",z0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.highDegreeNodes.treeHeight",U0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.strategy",X0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.additionalEdgeSpacing",W0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.correctionFactor",V0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.cutting.strategy",Q0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.cutting.cuts",Y0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.cutting.msd.freedom",J0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.validify.strategy",Z0n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.validify.forbiddenIndices",n2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.multiEdge.improveCuts",t2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.multiEdge.distancePenalty",e2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.wrapping.multiEdge.improveWrappedEdges",i2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeLabels.sideSelection",r2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.edgeLabels.centerLabelPlacementStrategy",c2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.strategy",a2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.noModelOrder",u2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.components",o2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.longEdgeStrategy",s2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.crossingCounterNodeInfluence",h2n="org.eclipse.elk.layered.considerModelOrder.crossingCounterPortInfluence",f2n="layering",l2n="layering.minWidth",b2n="layering.nodePromotion",w2n="crossingMinimization",d2n="org.eclipse.elk.hierarchyHandling",g2n="crossingMinimization.greedySwitch",p2n="nodePlacement",v2n="nodePlacement.bk",m2n="edgeRouting",y2n="org.eclipse.elk.edgeRouting",k2n="spacing",j2n="priority",E2n="compaction",T2n="compaction.postCompaction",M2n="Specifies whether and how post-process compaction is applied.",S2n="highDegreeNodes",P2n="wrapping",C2n="wrapping.cutting",I2n="wrapping.validify",O2n="wrapping.multiEdge",A2n="edgeLabels",$2n="considerModelOrder",L2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.commentComment",N2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.commentNode",x2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.edgeEdge",D2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.edgeNode",R2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelLabel",K2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelPortHorizontal",_2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelPortVertical",F2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.labelNode",B2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.nodeSelfLoop",H2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.portPort",q2n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.individual",G2n="org.eclipse.elk.port.borderOffset",z2n="org.eclipse.elk.noLayout",U2n="org.eclipse.elk.port.side",X2n="org.eclipse.elk.debugMode",W2n="org.eclipse.elk.alignment",V2n="org.eclipse.elk.insideSelfLoops.activate",Q2n="org.eclipse.elk.insideSelfLoops.yo",Y2n="org.eclipse.elk.nodeSize.fixedGraphSize",J2n="org.eclipse.elk.direction",Z2n="org.eclipse.elk.nodeLabels.padding",n3n="org.eclipse.elk.portLabels.nextToPortIfPossible",t3n="org.eclipse.elk.portLabels.treatAsGroup",e3n="org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.default",i3n="org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.north",r3n="org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.south",c3n="org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.west",a3n="org.eclipse.elk.portAlignment.east",u3n="org.eclipse.elk.contentAlignment",o3n="org.eclipse.elk.junctionPoints",s3n="org.eclipse.elk.edgeLabels.placement",h3n="org.eclipse.elk.port.index",f3n="org.eclipse.elk.commentBox",l3n="org.eclipse.elk.hypernode",b3n="org.eclipse.elk.port.anchor",w3n="org.eclipse.elk.partitioning.activate",d3n="org.eclipse.elk.partitioning.partition",g3n="org.eclipse.elk.position",p3n="org.eclipse.elk.margins",v3n="org.eclipse.elk.spacing.portsSurrounding",m3n="org.eclipse.elk.interactiveLayout",y3n="org.eclipse.elk.core.util",k3n={3:1,4:1,5:1,593:1},j3n="NETWORK_SIMPLEX",E3n={123:1,51:1},T3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p1cycles",M3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p2layers",S3n={402:1,225:1},P3n={832:1,3:1,4:1},C3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p3order",I3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p4nodes",O3n={3:1,4:1,5:1,840:1},A3n=1e-5,$3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p4nodes.bk",L3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges",N3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges.orthogonal",x3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges.orthogonal.direction",D3n=1e-6,R3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.layered.p5edges.splines",K3n=.09999999999999998,_3n=1e-8,F3n=4.71238898038469,B3n=3.141592653589793,H3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree",q3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree.graph",G3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree.intermediate",z3n="Set neighbors in level",U3n="DESCENDANTS",X3n="org.eclipse.elk.mrtree.weighting",W3n="org.eclipse.elk.mrtree.searchOrder",V3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.mrtree.options",Q3n="org.eclipse.elk.mrtree",Y3n="org.eclipse.elk.tree",J3n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial",Z3n=6.283185307179586,n4n=5e-324,t4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.intermediate",e4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.intermediate.compaction",i4n={3:1,4:1,5:1,106:1},r4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.intermediate.optimization",c4n="No implementation is available for the layout option ",a4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.options",u4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.orderId",o4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.radius",s4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.compactor",h4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.compactionStepSize",f4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.sorter",l4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.wedgeCriteria",b4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial.optimizationCriteria",w4n="org.eclipse.elk.radial",d4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.p1position.wedge",g4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.radial.sorting",p4n=5.497787143782138,v4n=3.9269908169872414,m4n=2.356194490192345,y4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking",k4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking.firstiteration",j4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking.options",E4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.optimizationGoal",T4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.lastPlaceShift",M4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.currentPosition",S4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.desiredPosition",P4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.onlyFirstIteration",C4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.rowCompaction",I4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.expandToAspectRatio",O4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking.targetWidth",A4n="org.eclipse.elk.expandNodes",$4n="org.eclipse.elk.rectpacking",L4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.rectpacking.util",N4n="No implementation available for ",x4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore",D4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.options",R4n="org.eclipse.elk.sporeCompaction",K4n="org.eclipse.elk.underlyingLayoutAlgorithm",_4n="org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.treeConstruction",F4n="org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.spanningTreeCostFunction",B4n="org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.preferredRoot",H4n="org.eclipse.elk.processingOrder.rootSelection",q4n="org.eclipse.elk.structure.structureExtractionStrategy",G4n="org.eclipse.elk.compaction.compactionStrategy",z4n="org.eclipse.elk.compaction.orthogonal",U4n="org.eclipse.elk.overlapRemoval.maxIterations",X4n="org.eclipse.elk.overlapRemoval.runScanline",W4n="processingOrder",V4n="overlapRemoval",Q4n="org.eclipse.elk.sporeOverlap",Y4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.p1structure",J4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.p2processingorder",Z4n="org.eclipse.elk.alg.spore.p3execution",n5n="Invalid index: ",t5n="org.eclipse.elk.core.alg",e5n={331:1},i5n={288:1},r5n="Make sure its type is registered with the ",c5n=" utility class.",a5n="true",u5n="false",o5n="Couldn't clone property '",s5n=.05,h5n="org.eclipse.elk.core.options",f5n=1.2999999523162842,l5n="org.eclipse.elk.box",b5n="org.eclipse.elk.box.packingMode",w5n="org.eclipse.elk.algorithm",d5n="org.eclipse.elk.resolvedAlgorithm",g5n="org.eclipse.elk.bendPoints",p5n="org.eclipse.elk.labelManager",v5n="org.eclipse.elk.scaleFactor",m5n="org.eclipse.elk.animate",y5n="org.eclipse.elk.animTimeFactor",k5n="org.eclipse.elk.layoutAncestors",j5n="org.eclipse.elk.maxAnimTime",E5n="org.eclipse.elk.minAnimTime",T5n="org.eclipse.elk.progressBar",M5n="org.eclipse.elk.validateGraph",S5n="org.eclipse.elk.validateOptions",P5n="org.eclipse.elk.zoomToFit",C5n="org.eclipse.elk.font.name",I5n="org.eclipse.elk.font.size",O5n="org.eclipse.elk.edge.type",A5n="partitioning",$5n="nodeLabels",L5n="portAlignment",N5n="nodeSize",x5n="port",D5n="portLabels",R5n="insideSelfLoops",K5n="org.eclipse.elk.fixed",_5n="org.eclipse.elk.random",F5n="port must have a parent node to calculate the port side",B5n="The edge needs to have exactly one edge section. 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Assumed the drawing has n layers and i < n. If set to i, it expresses that the node should be placed in i-th layer. Should i>=n be true then the node is placed in the last layer of the drawing. Note that this option is not part of any of ELK Layered's default configurations but is only evaluated as part of the `InteractiveLayeredGraphVisitor`, which must be applied manually or used via the `DiagramLayoutEngine."),iln(-1)),vMt),Att),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,a0n),f2n),"Layer ID"),"Layer identifier that was calculated by ELK Layered for a node. This is only generated if interactiveLayot or generatePositionAndLayerIds is set."),iln(-1)),vMt),Att),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,u0n),l2n),"Upper Bound On Width [MinWidth Layerer]"),"Defines a loose upper bound on the width of the MinWidth layerer. If set to '-1' multiple values are tested and the best result is selected."),iln(4)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,u0n,i0n,awt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,o0n),l2n),"Upper Layer Estimation Scaling Factor [MinWidth Layerer]"),"Multiplied with Upper Bound On Width for defining an upper bound on the width of layers which haven't been determined yet, but whose maximum width had been (roughly) estimated by the MinWidth algorithm. Compensates for too high estimations. If set to '-1' multiple values are tested and the best result is selected."),iln(2)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,o0n,i0n,owt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,s0n),b2n),"Node Promotion Strategy"),"Reduces number of dummy nodes after layering phase (if possible)."),fwt),gMt),Dvt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,h0n),b2n),"Max Node Promotion Iterations"),"Limits the number of iterations for node promotion."),iln(0)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,h0n,s0n,null),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,f0n),"layering.coffmanGraham"),"Layer Bound"),"The maximum number of nodes allowed per layer."),iln(DWn)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,f0n,i0n,nwt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,l0n),w2n),"Crossing Minimization Strategy"),"Strategy for crossing minimization."),Ebt),gMt),pht),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,b0n),w2n),"Force Node Model Order"),"The node order given by the model does not change to produce a better layout. E.g. if node A is before node B in the model this is not changed during crossing minimization. This assumes that the node model order is already respected before crossing minimization. This can be achieved by setting considerModelOrder.strategy to NODES_AND_EDGES."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,w0n),w2n),"Hierarchical Sweepiness"),"How likely it is to use cross-hierarchy (1) vs bottom-up (-1)."),.1),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,w0n,d2n,pbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,d0n),w2n),"Semi-Interactive Crossing Minimization"),"Preserves the order of nodes within a layer but still minimizes crossings between edges connecting long edge dummies. Derives the desired order from positions specified by the 'org.eclipse.elk.position' layout option. Requires a crossing minimization strategy that is able to process 'in-layer' constraints."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,d0n,l0n,kbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,g0n),w2n),"Position Choice Constraint"),"Allows to set a constraint regarding the position placement of a node in a layer. Assumed the layer in which the node placed includes n other nodes and i < n. If set to i, it expresses that the node should be placed at the i-th position. Should i>=n be true then the node is placed at the last position in the layer. Note that this option is not part of any of ELK Layered's default configurations but is only evaluated as part of the `InteractiveLayeredGraphVisitor`, which must be applied manually or used via the `DiagramLayoutEngine."),iln(-1)),vMt),Att),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,p0n),w2n),"Position ID"),"Position within a layer that was determined by ELK Layered for a node. This is only generated if interactiveLayot or generatePositionAndLayerIds is set."),iln(-1)),vMt),Att),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,v0n),g2n),"Greedy Switch Activation Threshold"),"By default it is decided automatically if the greedy switch is activated or not. The decision is based on whether the size of the input graph (without dummy nodes) is smaller than the value of this option. A '0' enforces the activation."),iln(40)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,m0n),g2n),"Greedy Switch Crossing Minimization"),"Greedy Switch strategy for crossing minimization. The greedy switch heuristic is executed after the regular crossing minimization as a post-processor. Note that if 'hierarchyHandling' is set to 'INCLUDE_CHILDREN', the 'greedySwitchHierarchical.type' option must be used."),wbt),gMt),Ift),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,m0n,l0n,dbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,y0n),"crossingMinimization.greedySwitchHierarchical"),"Greedy Switch Crossing Minimization (hierarchical)"),"Activates the greedy switch heuristic in case hierarchical layout is used. The differences to the non-hierarchical case (see 'greedySwitch.type') are: 1) greedy switch is inactive by default, 3) only the option value set on the node at which hierarchical layout starts is relevant, and 2) if it's activated by the user, it properly addresses hierarchy-crossing edges."),hbt),gMt),Ift),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,y0n,l0n,fbt),a2(n,y0n,d2n,lbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,k0n),p2n),"Node Placement Strategy"),"Strategy for node placement."),Lwt),gMt),Avt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,j0n),p2n),"Favor Straight Edges Over Balancing"),"Favor straight edges over a balanced node placement. The default behavior is determined automatically based on the used 'edgeRouting'. For an orthogonal style it is set to true, for all other styles to false."),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,j0n,k0n,Ewt),a2(n,j0n,k0n,Twt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,E0n),v2n),"BK Edge Straightening"),"Specifies whether the Brandes Koepf node placer tries to increase the number of straight edges at the expense of diagram size. There is a subtle difference to the 'favorStraightEdges' option, which decides whether a balanced placement of the nodes is desired, or not. In bk terms this means combining the four alignments into a single balanced one, or not. This option on the other hand tries to straighten additional edges during the creation of each of the four alignments."),pwt),gMt),Zht),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,E0n,k0n,vwt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,T0n),v2n),"BK Fixed Alignment"),"Tells the BK node placer to use a certain alignment (out of its four) instead of the one producing the smallest height, or the combination of all four."),ywt),gMt),uft),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,T0n,k0n,kwt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,M0n),"nodePlacement.linearSegments"),"Linear Segments Deflection Dampening"),"Dampens the movement of nodes to keep the diagram from getting too large."),.3),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,M0n,k0n,Swt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,S0n),"nodePlacement.networkSimplex"),"Node Flexibility"),"Aims at shorter and straighter edges. Two configurations are possible: (a) allow ports to move freely on the side they are assigned to (the order is always defined beforehand), (b) additionally allow to enlarge a node wherever it helps. If this option is not configured for a node, the 'nodeFlexibility.default' value is used, which is specified for the node's parent."),gMt),kvt),nbn(sMt)))),a2(n,S0n,k0n,Awt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,P0n),"nodePlacement.networkSimplex.nodeFlexibility"),"Node Flexibility Default"),"Default value of the 'nodeFlexibility' option for the children of a hierarchical node."),Iwt),gMt),kvt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,P0n,k0n,Owt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,C0n),m2n),"Self-Loop Distribution"),"Alter the distribution of the loops around the node. It only takes effect for PortConstraints.FREE."),xbt),gMt),nmt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,I0n),m2n),"Self-Loop Ordering"),"Alter the ordering of the loops they can either be stacked or sequenced. It only takes effect for PortConstraints.FREE."),Rbt),gMt),cmt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,O0n),"edgeRouting.splines"),"Spline Routing Mode"),"Specifies the way control points are assembled for each individual edge. CONSERVATIVE ensures that edges are properly routed around the nodes but feels rather orthogonal at times. SLOPPY uses fewer control points to obtain curvier edge routes but may result in edges overlapping nodes."),_bt),gMt),hmt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,O0n,y2n,Fbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,A0n),"edgeRouting.splines.sloppy"),"Sloppy Spline Layer Spacing Factor"),"Spacing factor for routing area between layers when using sloppy spline routing."),.2),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,A0n,y2n,Hbt),a2(n,A0n,O0n,qbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,$0n),"edgeRouting.polyline"),"Sloped Edge Zone Width"),"Width of the strip to the left and to the right of each layer where the polyline edge router is allowed to refrain from ensuring that edges are routed horizontally. This prevents awkward bend points for nodes that extent almost to the edge of their layer."),2),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,$0n,y2n,Lbt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,L0n),k2n),"Spacing Base Value"),"An optional base value for all other layout options of the 'spacing' group. It can be used to conveniently alter the overall 'spaciousness' of the drawing. Whenever an explicit value is set for the other layout options, this base value will have no effect. The base value is not inherited, i.e. it must be set for each hierarchical node."),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,N0n),k2n),"Edge Node Between Layers Spacing"),"The spacing to be preserved between nodes and edges that are routed next to the node's layer. For the spacing between nodes and edges that cross the node's layer 'spacing.edgeNode' is used."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,x0n),k2n),"Edge Edge Between Layer Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between pairs of edges that are routed between the same pair of layers. Note that 'spacing.edgeEdge' is used for the spacing between pairs of edges crossing the same layer."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,D0n),k2n),"Node Node Between Layers Spacing"),"The spacing to be preserved between any pair of nodes of two adjacent layers. Note that 'spacing.nodeNode' is used for the spacing between nodes within the layer itself."),20),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,R0n),j2n),"Direction Priority"),"Defines how important it is to have a certain edge point into the direction of the overall layout. This option is evaluated during the cycle breaking phase."),iln(0)),vMt),Att),nbn(uMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,K0n),j2n),"Shortness Priority"),"Defines how important it is to keep an edge as short as possible. This option is evaluated during the layering phase."),iln(0)),vMt),Att),nbn(uMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,_0n),j2n),"Straightness Priority"),"Defines how important it is to keep an edge straight, i.e. aligned with one of the two axes. This option is evaluated during node placement."),iln(0)),vMt),Att),nbn(uMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,F0n),E2n),DJn),"Tries to further compact components (disconnected sub-graphs)."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,F0n,kZn,!0),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,B0n),T2n),"Post Compaction Strategy"),M2n),Ylt),gMt),mft),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,H0n),T2n),"Post Compaction Constraint Calculation"),M2n),Vlt),gMt),lht),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,q0n),S2n),"High Degree Node Treatment"),"Makes room around high degree nodes to place leafs and trees."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,G0n),S2n),"High Degree Node Threshold"),"Whether a node is considered to have a high degree."),iln(16)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,G0n,q0n,!0),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,z0n),S2n),"High Degree Node Maximum Tree Height"),"Maximum height of a subtree connected to a high degree node to be moved to separate layers."),iln(5)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,z0n,q0n,!0),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,U0n),P2n),"Graph Wrapping Strategy"),"For certain graphs and certain prescribed drawing areas it may be desirable to split the laid out graph into chunks that are placed side by side. The edges that connect different chunks are 'wrapped' around from the end of one chunk to the start of the other chunk. The points between the chunks are referred to as 'cuts'."),bdt),gMt),Smt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,X0n),P2n),"Additional Wrapped Edges Spacing"),"To visually separate edges that are wrapped from regularly routed edges an additional spacing value can be specified in form of this layout option. The spacing is added to the regular edgeNode spacing."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,X0n,U0n,Uwt),a2(n,X0n,U0n,Xwt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,W0n),P2n),"Correction Factor for Wrapping"),"At times and for certain types of graphs the executed wrapping may produce results that are consistently biased in the same fashion: either wrapping to often or to rarely. This factor can be used to correct the bias. Internally, it is simply multiplied with the 'aspect ratio' layout option."),1),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,W0n,U0n,Vwt),a2(n,W0n,U0n,Qwt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,V0n),C2n),"Cutting Strategy"),"The strategy by which the layer indexes are determined at which the layering crumbles into chunks."),idt),gMt),Tht),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,V0n,U0n,rdt),a2(n,V0n,U0n,cdt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,Q0n),C2n),"Manually Specified Cuts"),"Allows the user to specify her own cuts for a certain graph."),mMt),Rnt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,Q0n,V0n,Jwt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,Y0n),"wrapping.cutting.msd"),"MSD Freedom"),"The MSD cutting strategy starts with an initial guess on the number of chunks the graph should be split into. The freedom specifies how much the strategy may deviate from this guess. E.g. if an initial number of 3 is computed, a freedom of 1 allows 2, 3, and 4 cuts."),ndt),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,Y0n,V0n,tdt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,J0n),I2n),"Validification Strategy"),"When wrapping graphs, one can specify indices that are not allowed as split points. The validification strategy makes sure every computed split point is allowed."),vdt),gMt),dmt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,J0n,U0n,mdt),a2(n,J0n,U0n,ydt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,Z0n),I2n),"Valid Indices for Wrapping"),null),mMt),Rnt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,Z0n,U0n,ddt),a2(n,Z0n,U0n,gdt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,n2n),O2n),"Improve Cuts"),"For general graphs it is important that not too many edges wrap backwards. Thus a compromise between evenly-distributed cuts and the total number of cut edges is sought."),!0),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,n2n,U0n,sdt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,t2n),O2n),"Distance Penalty When Improving Cuts"),null),2),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,t2n,U0n,udt),a2(n,t2n,n2n,!0),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,e2n),O2n),"Improve Wrapped Edges"),"The initial wrapping is performed in a very simple way. As a consequence, edges that wrap from one chunk to another may be unnecessarily long. Activating this option tries to shorten such edges."),!0),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,e2n,U0n,fdt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,i2n),A2n),"Edge Label Side Selection"),"Method to decide on edge label sides."),Abt),gMt),zht),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,r2n),A2n),"Edge Center Label Placement Strategy"),"Determines in which layer center labels of long edges should be placed."),Ibt),gMt),uht),EG(hMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[oMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,c2n),$2n),"Consider Model Order"),"Preserves the order of nodes and edges in the model file if this does not lead to additional edge crossings. Depending on the strategy this is not always possible since the node and edge order might be conflicting."),abt),gMt),Fvt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,a2n),$2n),"No Model Order"),"Set on a node to not set a model order for this node even though it is a real node."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,u2n),$2n),"Consider Model Order for Components"),"If set to NONE the usual ordering strategy (by cumulative node priority and size of nodes) is used. INSIDE_PORT_SIDES orders the components with external ports only inside the groups with the same port side. FORCE_MODEL_ORDER enforces the mode order on components. This option might produce bad alignments and sub optimal drawings in terms of used area since the ordering should be respected."),Zlt),gMt),mut),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,u2n,kZn,null),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,o2n),$2n),"Long Edge Ordering Strategy"),"Indicates whether long edges are sorted under, over, or equal to nodes that have no connection to a previous layer in a left-to-right or right-to-left layout. Under and over changes to right and left in a vertical layout."),ibt),gMt),wvt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,s2n),$2n),"Crossing Counter Node Order Influence"),"Indicates with what percentage (1 for 100%) violations of the node model order are weighted against the crossings e.g. a value of 0.5 means two model order violations are as important as on edge crossing. This allows some edge crossings in favor of preserving the model order. It is advised to set this value to a very small positive value (e.g. 0.001) to have minimal crossing and a optimal node order. Defaults to no influence (0)."),0),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,s2n,c2n,null),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,h2n),$2n),"Crossing Counter Port Order Influence"),"Indicates with what percentage (1 for 100%) violations of the port model order are weighted against the crossings e.g. a value of 0.5 means two model order violations are as important as on edge crossing. This allows some edge crossings in favor of preserving the model order. It is advised to set this value to a very small positive value (e.g. 0.001) to have minimal crossing and a optimal port order. Defaults to no influence (0)."),0),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),a2(n,h2n,c2n,null),vWn((new bf,n))},vX(F1n,"LayeredMetaDataProvider",848),wAn(986,1,QYn,bf),MWn.Qe=function(n){vWn(n)},vX(F1n,"LayeredOptions",986),wAn(987,1,{},Cc),MWn.$e=function(){return new Uv},MWn._e=function(n){},vX(F1n,"LayeredOptions/LayeredFactory",987),wAn(1372,1,{}),MWn.a=0,vX(y3n,"ElkSpacings/AbstractSpacingsBuilder",1372),wAn(779,1372,{},uwn),vX(F1n,"LayeredSpacings/LayeredSpacingsBuilder",779),wAn(313,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,313:1,246:1,234:1},RP),MWn.Kf=function(){return rLn(this)},MWn.Xf=function(){return rLn(this)};var rvt,cvt,avt,uvt,ovt=Ben(F1n,"LayeringStrategy",313,Unt,e9,lF);wAn(378,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,378:1},KP);var svt,hvt,fvt,lvt,bvt,wvt=Ben(F1n,"LongEdgeOrderingStrategy",378,Unt,E1,bF);wAn(197,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,197:1},_P);var dvt,gvt,pvt,vvt,mvt,yvt,kvt=Ben(F1n,"NodeFlexibility",197,Unt,k3,wF);wAn(315,22,{3:1,35:1,22:1,315:1,246:1,234:1},FP),MWn.Kf=function(){return DAn(this)},MWn.Xf=function(){return 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bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,d5n),""),"Resolved Layout Algorithm"),"Meta data associated with the selected algorithm."),mMt),aMt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,W2n),""),"Alignment"),"Alignment of the selected node relative to other nodes; the exact meaning depends on the used algorithm."),rSt),gMt),nSt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,VJn),""),"Aspect Ratio"),"The desired aspect ratio of the drawing, that is the quotient of width by height."),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,g5n),""),"Bend Points"),"A fixed list of bend points for the edge. This is used by the 'Fixed Layout' algorithm to specify a pre-defined routing for an edge. The vector chain must include the source point, any bend points, and the target point, so it must have at least two points."),mMt),NMt),nbn(uMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,u3n),""),"Content Alignment"),"Specifies how the content of a node are aligned. Each node can individually control the alignment of its contents. I.e. if a node should be aligned top left in its parent node, the parent node should specify that option."),fSt),pMt),qPt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,X2n),""),"Debug Mode"),"Whether additional debug information shall be generated."),(hN(),!1)),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,J2n),""),TJn),"Overall direction of edges: horizontal (right / left) or vertical (down / up)."),wSt),gMt),WPt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,y2n),""),"Edge Routing"),"What kind of edge routing style should be applied for the content of a parent node. Algorithms may also set this option to single edges in order to mark them as splines. The bend point list of edges with this option set to SPLINES must be interpreted as control points for a piecewise cubic spline."),mSt),gMt),oCt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,A4n),""),"Expand Nodes"),"If active, nodes are expanded to fill the area of their parent."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,d2n),""),"Hierarchy Handling"),"Determines whether separate layout runs are triggered for different compound nodes in a hierarchical graph. Setting a node's hierarchy handling to `INCLUDE_CHILDREN` will lay out that node and all of its descendants in a single layout run, until a descendant is encountered which has its hierarchy handling set to `SEPARATE_CHILDREN`. In general, `SEPARATE_CHILDREN` will ensure that a new layout run is triggered for a node with that setting. Including multiple levels of hierarchy in a single layout run may allow cross-hierarchical edges to be laid out properly. If the root node is set to `INHERIT` (or not set at all), the default behavior is `SEPARATE_CHILDREN`."),TSt),gMt),SCt),EG(hMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[sMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,QJn),""),"Padding"),"The padding to be left to a parent element's border when placing child elements. This can also serve as an output option of a layout algorithm if node size calculation is setup appropriately."),WSt),mMt),_ut),EG(hMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[sMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,jZn),""),"Interactive"),"Whether the algorithm should be run in interactive mode for the content of a parent node. What this means exactly depends on how the specific algorithm interprets this option. Usually in the interactive mode algorithms try to modify the current layout as little as possible."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,m3n),""),"interactive Layout"),"Whether the graph should be changeable interactively and by setting constraints"),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,MZn),""),"Omit Node Micro Layout"),"Node micro layout comprises the computation of node dimensions (if requested), the placement of ports and their labels, and the placement of node labels. The functionality is implemented independent of any specific layout algorithm and shouldn't have any negative impact on the layout algorithm's performance itself. Yet, if any unforeseen behavior occurs, this option allows to deactivate the micro layout."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,EZn),""),"Port Constraints"),"Defines constraints of the position of the ports of a node."),oPt),gMt),aIt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,g3n),""),"Position"),"The position of a node, port, or label. This is used by the 'Fixed Layout' algorithm to specify a pre-defined position."),mMt),PMt),EG(sMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[fMt,oMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,pZn),""),"Priority"),"Defines the priority of an object; its meaning depends on the specific layout algorithm and the context where it is used."),vMt),Att),EG(sMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[uMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,yZn),""),"Randomization Seed"),"Seed used for pseudo-random number generators to control the layout algorithm. If the value is 0, the seed shall be determined pseudo-randomly (e.g. from the system time)."),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,kZn),""),"Separate Connected Components"),"Whether each connected component should be processed separately."),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,o3n),""),"Junction Points"),"This option is not used as option, but as output of the layout algorithms. It is attached to edges and determines the points where junction symbols should be drawn in order to represent hyperedges with orthogonal routing. Whether such points are computed depends on the chosen layout algorithm and edge routing style. The points are put into the vector chain with no specific order."),ASt),mMt),NMt),nbn(uMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,f3n),""),"Comment Box"),"Whether the node should be regarded as a comment box instead of a regular node. In that case its placement should be similar to how labels are handled. Any edges incident to a comment box specify to which graph elements the comment is related."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,l3n),""),"Hypernode"),"Whether the node should be handled as a hypernode."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,p5n),""),"Label Manager"),"Label managers can shorten labels upon a layout algorithm's request."),mMt),KNt),EG(hMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[oMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,p3n),""),"Margins"),"Margins define additional space around the actual bounds of a graph element. For instance, ports or labels being placed on the outside of a node's border might introduce such a margin. The margin is used to guarantee non-overlap of other graph elements with those ports or labels."),LSt),mMt),Eut),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,z2n),""),"No Layout"),"No layout is done for the associated element. This is used to mark parts of a diagram to avoid their inclusion in the layout graph, or to mark parts of the layout graph to prevent layout engines from processing them. If you wish to exclude the contents of a compound node from automatic layout, while the node itself is still considered on its own layer, use the 'Fixed Layout' algorithm for that node."),!1),wMt),ktt),EG(sMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[uMt,fMt,oMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,v5n),""),"Scale Factor"),"The scaling factor to be applied to the corresponding node in recursive layout. It causes the corresponding node's size to be adjusted, and its ports and labels to be sized and placed accordingly after the layout of that node has been determined (and before the node itself and its siblings are arranged). The scaling is not reverted afterwards, so the resulting layout graph contains the adjusted size and position data. This option is currently not supported if 'Layout Hierarchy' is set."),1),dMt),Ptt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,m5n),""),"Animate"),"Whether the shift from the old layout to the new computed layout shall be animated."),!0),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,y5n),""),"Animation Time Factor"),"Factor for computation of animation time. The higher the value, the longer the animation time. If the value is 0, the resulting time is always equal to the minimum defined by 'Minimal Animation Time'."),iln(100)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,k5n),""),"Layout Ancestors"),"Whether the hierarchy levels on the path from the selected element to the root of the diagram shall be included in the layout process."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,j5n),""),"Maximal Animation Time"),"The maximal time for animations, in milliseconds."),iln(4e3)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,E5n),""),"Minimal Animation Time"),"The minimal time for animations, in milliseconds."),iln(400)),vMt),Att),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,T5n),""),"Progress Bar"),"Whether a progress bar shall be displayed during layout computations."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,M5n),""),"Validate Graph"),"Whether the graph shall be validated before any layout algorithm is applied. If this option is enabled and at least one error is found, the layout process is aborted and a message is shown to the user."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,S5n),""),"Validate Options"),"Whether layout options shall be validated before any layout algorithm is applied. If this option is enabled and at least one error is found, the layout process is aborted and a message is shown to the user."),!0),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,P5n),""),"Zoom to Fit"),"Whether the zoom level shall be set to view the whole diagram after layout."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,b5n),"box"),"Box Layout Mode"),"Configures the packing mode used by the {@link BoxLayoutProvider}. If SIMPLE is not required (neither priorities are used nor the interactive mode), GROUP_DEC can improve the packing and decrease the area. GROUP_MIXED and GROUP_INC may, in very specific scenarios, work better."),oSt),gMt),cOt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,L2n),k2n),"Comment Comment Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between a comment box and other comment boxes connected to the same node. The space left between comment boxes of different nodes is controlled by the node-node spacing."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,N2n),k2n),"Comment Node Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between a node and its connected comment boxes. The space left between a node and the comments of another node is controlled by the node-node spacing."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,XJn),k2n),"Components Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between pairs of connected components. This option is only relevant if 'separateConnectedComponents' is activated."),20),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,x2n),k2n),"Edge Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between any two edges. Note that while this can somewhat easily be satisfied for the segments of orthogonally drawn edges, it is harder for general polylines or splines."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,mZn),k2n),"Edge Label Spacing"),"The minimal distance to be preserved between a label and the edge it is associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'edgelabels.placement' option."),2),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,D2n),k2n),"Edge Node Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between nodes and edges."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,R2n),k2n),"Label Spacing"),"Determines the amount of space to be left between two labels of the same graph element."),0),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,F2n),k2n),"Label Node Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between labels and the border of node they are associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'nodelabels.placement' option."),5),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,K2n),k2n),"Horizontal spacing between Label and Port"),"Horizontal spacing to be preserved between labels and the ports they are associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'portlabels.placement' option."),1),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,_2n),k2n),"Vertical spacing between Label and Port"),"Vertical spacing to be preserved between labels and the ports they are associated with. Note that the placement of a label is influenced by the 'portlabels.placement' option."),1),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,vZn),k2n),"Node Spacing"),"The minimal distance to be preserved between each two nodes."),20),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,B2n),k2n),"Node Self Loop Spacing"),"Spacing to be preserved between a node and its self loops."),10),dMt),Ptt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,H2n),k2n),"Port Spacing"),"Spacing between pairs of ports of the same node."),10),dMt),Ptt),EG(hMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[sMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,q2n),k2n),"Individual Spacing"),"Allows to specify individual spacing values for graph elements that shall be different from the value specified for the element's parent."),mMt),hOt),EG(sMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[uMt,fMt,oMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,v3n),k2n),"Additional Port Space"),"Additional space around the sets of ports on each node side. For each side of a node, this option can reserve additional space before and after the ports on each side. For example, a top spacing of 20 makes sure that the first port on the western and eastern side is 20 units away from the northern border."),DPt),mMt),Eut),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,d3n),A5n),"Layout Partition"),"Partition to which the node belongs. This requires Layout Partitioning to be active. Nodes with lower partition IDs will appear to the left of nodes with higher partition IDs (assuming a left-to-right layout direction)."),vMt),Att),EG(hMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[sMt]))))),a2(n,d3n,w3n,JSt),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,w3n),A5n),"Layout Partitioning"),"Whether to activate partitioned layout. This will allow to group nodes through the Layout Partition option. a pair of nodes with different partition indices is then placed such that the node with lower index is placed to the left of the other node (with left-to-right layout direction). Depending on the layout algorithm, this may only be guaranteed to work if all nodes have a layout partition configured, or at least if edges that cross partitions are not part of a partition-crossing cycle."),QSt),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,Z2n),$5n),"Node Label Padding"),"Define padding for node labels that are placed inside of a node."),xSt),mMt),_ut),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,CZn),$5n),"Node Label Placement"),"Hints for where node labels are to be placed; if empty, the node label's position is not modified."),RSt),pMt),GCt),EG(sMt,Pun(Gk(jMt,1),$Vn,175,0,[oMt]))))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,e3n),L5n),"Port Alignment"),"Defines the default port distribution for a node. May be overridden for each side individually."),nPt),gMt),JCt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,i3n),L5n),"Port Alignment (North)"),"Defines how ports on the northern side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),gMt),JCt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,r3n),L5n),"Port Alignment (South)"),"Defines how ports on the southern side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),gMt),JCt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,c3n),L5n),"Port Alignment (West)"),"Defines how ports on the western side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),gMt),JCt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,a3n),L5n),"Port Alignment (East)"),"Defines how ports on the eastern side are placed, overriding the node's general port alignment."),gMt),JCt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,PZn),N5n),"Node Size Constraints"),"What should be taken into account when calculating a node's size. Empty size constraints specify that a node's size is already fixed and should not be changed."),_St),pMt),YIt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,SZn),N5n),"Node Size Options"),"Options modifying the behavior of the size constraints set on a node. Each member of the set specifies something that should be taken into account when calculating node sizes. The empty set corresponds to no further modifications."),GSt),pMt),iOt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,BZn),N5n),"Node Size Minimum"),"The minimal size to which a node can be reduced."),HSt),mMt),PMt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,Y2n),N5n),"Fixed Graph Size"),"By default, the fixed layout provider will enlarge a graph until it is large enough to contain its children. If this option is set, it won't do so."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(hMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,s3n),A2n),"Edge Label Placement"),"Gives a hint on where to put edge labels."),pSt),gMt),nCt),nbn(oMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,TZn),A2n),"Inline Edge Labels"),"If true, an edge label is placed directly on its edge. May only apply to center edge labels. This kind of label placement is only advisable if the label's rendering is such that it is not crossed by its edge and thus stays legible."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(oMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,C5n),"font"),"Font Name"),"Font name used for a label."),yMt),Qtt),nbn(oMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,I5n),"font"),"Font Size"),"Font size used for a label."),vMt),Att),nbn(oMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,b3n),x5n),"Port Anchor Offset"),"The offset to the port position where connections shall be attached."),mMt),PMt),nbn(fMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,h3n),x5n),"Port Index"),"The index of a port in the fixed order around a node. The order is assumed as clockwise, starting with the leftmost port on the top side. This option must be set if 'Port Constraints' is set to FIXED_ORDER and no specific positions are given for the ports. Additionally, the option 'Port Side' must be defined in this case."),vMt),Att),nbn(fMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,U2n),x5n),"Port Side"),"The side of a node on which a port is situated. This option must be set if 'Port Constraints' is set to FIXED_SIDE or FIXED_ORDER and no specific positions are given for the ports."),dPt),gMt),FIt),nbn(fMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,G2n),x5n),"Port Border Offset"),"The offset of ports on the node border. With a positive offset the port is moved outside of the node, while with a negative offset the port is moved towards the inside. An offset of 0 means that the port is placed directly on the node border, i.e. if the port side is north, the port's south border touches the nodes's north border; if the port side is east, the port's west border touches the nodes's east border; if the port side is south, the port's north border touches the node's south border; if the port side is west, the port's east border touches the node's west border."),dMt),Ptt),nbn(fMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,IZn),D5n),"Port Label Placement"),"Decides on a placement method for port labels; if empty, the node label's position is not modified."),lPt),pMt),IIt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,n3n),D5n),"Port Labels Next to Port"),"Use 'portLabels.placement': NEXT_TO_PORT_OF_POSSIBLE."),!1),wMt),ktt),nbn(sMt)))),Abn(n,new bPn(Oj(Ij(Aj(Tj(Ej(Cj(Mj(Sj(new Fu,t3n),D5n),"Treat Port Labels as Group"),"If this option is true (default), the labels of a port will be treated as a group when it comes to centering them next to their port. 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1:return this.zb;case 2:return hN(),0!=(256&this.Bb);case 3:return hN(),0!=(512&this.Bb);case 4:return iln(this.s);case 5:return iln(this.t);case 6:return hN(),!!this.$j();case 7:return hN(),this.s>=1;case 8:return t?Ikn(this):this.r;case 9:return this.q;case 10:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&k6n);case 11:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&M9n);case 12:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&_Qn);case 13:return this.j;case 14:return qLn(this);case 15:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&T9n);case 16:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&hVn);case 17:return dZ(this)}return U9(this,n-bX(this.zh()),itn(BB(yan(this,16),26)||this.zh(),n),t,e)},MWn.hh=function(n,t,e){var i;switch(t){case 0:return!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new eU(KAt,this,0,3)),Ywn(this.Ab,n,e);case 17:return this.Cb&&(e=(i=this.Db>>16)>=0?Nyn(this,e):this.Cb.ih(this,-1-i,null,e)),T_n(this,n,17,e)}return BB(itn(BB(yan(this,16),26)||this.zh(),t),66).Nj().Qj(this,fgn(this),t-bX(this.zh()),n,e)},MWn.jh=function(n,t,e){switch(t){case 0:return!this.Ab&&(this.Ab=new 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hN(),0!=(this.Bb&M9n);case 12:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&_Qn);case 13:return this.j;case 14:return qLn(this);case 15:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&T9n);case 16:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&hVn);case 17:return dZ(this);case 18:return hN(),0!=(this.Bb&h6n);case 19:return t?uun(this):x6(this)}return U9(this,n-bX((gWn(),i$t)),itn(BB(yan(this,16),26)||i$t,n),t,e)},MWn.lh=function(n){switch(n){case 0:return!!this.Ab&&0!=this.Ab.i;case 1:return null!=this.zb;case 2:return 0==(256&this.Bb);case 3:return 0==(512&this.Bb);case 4:return 0!=this.s;case 5:return 1!=this.t;case 6:return NIn(this);case 7:return this.s>=1;case 8:return!!this.r&&!this.q.e&&0==yW(this.q).i;case 9:return!(!this.q||this.r&&!this.q.e&&0==yW(this.q).i);case 10:return 0==(this.Bb&k6n);case 11:return 0!=(this.Bb&M9n);case 12:return 0!=(this.Bb&_Qn);case 13:return null!=this.j;case 14:return null!=qLn(this);case 15:return 0!=(this.Bb&T9n);case 16:return 0!=(this.Bb&hVn);case 17:return!!dZ(this);case 18:return 0!=(this.Bb&h6n);case 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'),this.$menu.append(this.$empty),this.$empty.hide()),this.datasets=i.map(e.datasets,(function(t){return function(e,t,n){return new u.Dataset(i.mixin({$menu:e,cssClasses:n},t))}(o.$menu,t,e.cssClasses)})),i.each(this.datasets,(function(e){var t=e.getRoot();t&&0===t.parent().length&&o.$menu.append(t),e.onSync("rendered",o._onRendered,o)})),e.templates&&e.templates.footer&&(this.templates.footer=i.templatify(e.templates.footer),this.$menu.append(this.templates.footer()));var l=this;r.element(window).resize((function(){l._redraw()}))}i.mixin(u.prototype,s,{_onSuggestionClick:function(e){this.trigger("suggestionClicked",r.element(e.currentTarget))},_onSuggestionMouseEnter:function(e){var t=r.element(e.currentTarget);if(!t.hasClass(i.className(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.cursor,!0))){this._removeCursor();var n=this;setTimeout((function(){n._setCursor(t,!1)}),0)}},_onSuggestionMouseLeave:function(e){if(e.relatedTarget&&r.element(e.relatedTarget).closest("."+i.className(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.cursor,!0)).length>0)return;this._removeCursor(),this.trigger("cursorRemoved")},_onRendered:function(e,t){if(this.isEmpty=i.every(this.datasets,(function(e){return e.isEmpty()})),this.isEmpty)if(t.length>=this.minLength&&this.trigger("empty"),this.$empty)if(t.length=this.minLength?this._show():this._hide());this.trigger("datasetRendered")},_hide:function(){this.$container.hide()},_show:function(){this.$container.css("display","block"),this._redraw(),this.trigger("shown")},_redraw:function(){this.isOpen&&this.appendTo&&this.trigger("redrawn")},_getSuggestions:function(){return this.$menu.find(i.className(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.suggestion))},_getCursor:function(){return this.$menu.find(i.className(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.cursor)).first()},_setCursor:function(e,t){e.first().addClass(i.className(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.cursor,!0)).attr("aria-selected","true"),this.trigger("cursorMoved",t)},_removeCursor:function(){this._getCursor().removeClass(i.className(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.cursor,!0)).removeAttr("aria-selected")},_moveCursor:function(e){var t,n,i,r;this.isOpen&&(n=this._getCursor(),t=this._getSuggestions(),this._removeCursor(),-1!==(i=((i=t.index(n)+e)+1)%(t.length+1)-1)?(i<-1&&(i=t.length-1),this._setCursor(r=t.eq(i),!0),this._ensureVisible(r)):this.trigger("cursorRemoved"))},_ensureVisible:function(e){var t,n,i,r;n=(t=e.position().top)+e.height()+parseInt(e.css("margin-top"),10)+parseInt(e.css("margin-bottom"),10),i=this.$menu.scrollTop(),r=this.$menu.height()+parseInt(this.$menu.css("padding-top"),10)+parseInt(this.$menu.css("padding-bottom"),10),t<0?this.$menu.scrollTop(i+t):r{"use strict";var i=n(85670),r=n(33855);function s(e){e&&e.el||i.error("EventBus initialized without el"),this.$el=r.element(e.el)}i.mixin(s.prototype,{trigger:function(e,t,n,r){var s=i.Event("autocomplete:"+e);return this.$el.trigger(s,[t,n,r]),s}}),e.exports=s},6823:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";var i=n(70624),r=/\s+/;function s(e,t,n,i){var s;if(!n)return this;for(t=t.split(r),n=i?function(e,t){return e.bind?e.bind(t):function(){e.apply(t,[].slice.call(arguments,0))}}(n,i):n,this._callbacks=this._callbacks||{};s=t.shift();)this._callbacks[s]=this._callbacks[s]||{sync:[],async:[]},this._callbacks[s][e].push(n);return this}function o(e,t,n){return function(){for(var i,r=0,s=e.length;!i&&r{"use strict";e.exports={wrapper:'',dropdown:'',dataset:'
',suggestions:'',suggestion:'
'}},21286:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";var i;i={9:"tab",27:"esc",37:"left",39:"right",13:"enter",38:"up",40:"down"};var r=n(85670),s=n(33855),o=n(6823);function a(e){var t,n,o,a,u,c=this;(e=e||{}).input||r.error("input is missing"),t=r.bind(this._onBlur,this),n=r.bind(this._onFocus,this),o=r.bind(this._onKeydown,this),a=r.bind(this._onInput,this),this.$hint=s.element(e.hint),this.$input=s.element(e.input).on("blur.aa",t).on("focus.aa",n).on("keydown.aa",o),0===this.$hint.length&&(this.setHint=this.getHint=this.clearHint=this.clearHintIfInvalid=r.noop),r.isMsie()?this.$input.on("keydown.aa keypress.aa cut.aa paste.aa",(function(e){i[e.which||e.keyCode]||r.defer(r.bind(c._onInput,c,e))})):this.$input.on("input.aa",a),this.query=this.$input.val(),this.$overflowHelper=(u=this.$input,s.element('').css({position:"absolute",visibility:"hidden",whiteSpace:"pre",fontFamily:u.css("font-family"),fontSize:u.css("font-size"),fontStyle:u.css("font-style"),fontVariant:u.css("font-variant"),fontWeight:u.css("font-weight"),wordSpacing:u.css("word-spacing"),letterSpacing:u.css("letter-spacing"),textIndent:u.css("text-indent"),textRendering:u.css("text-rendering"),textTransform:u.css("text-transform")}).insertAfter(u))}function u(e){return e.altKey||e.ctrlKey||e.metaKey||e.shiftKey}a.normalizeQuery=function(e){return(e||"").replace(/^\s*/g,"").replace(/\s{2,}/g," ")},r.mixin(a.prototype,o,{_onBlur:function(){this.resetInputValue(),this.$input.removeAttr("aria-activedescendant"),this.trigger("blurred")},_onFocus:function(){this.trigger("focused")},_onKeydown:function(e){var t=i[e.which||e.keyCode];this._managePreventDefault(t,e),t&&this._shouldTrigger(t,e)&&this.trigger(t+"Keyed",e)},_onInput:function(){this._checkInputValue()},_managePreventDefault:function(e,t){var n,i,r;switch(e){case"tab":i=this.getHint(),r=this.getInputValue(),n=i&&i!==r&&!u(t);break;case"up":case"down":n=!u(t);break;default:n=!1}n&&t.preventDefault()},_shouldTrigger:function(e,t){var n;if("tab"===e)n=!u(t);else n=!0;return n},_checkInputValue:function(){var e,t,n,i,r;e=this.getInputValue(),i=e,r=this.query,n=!(!(t=a.normalizeQuery(i)===a.normalizeQuery(r))||!this.query)&&this.query.length!==e.length,this.query=e,t?n&&this.trigger("whitespaceChanged",this.query):this.trigger("queryChanged",this.query)},focus:function(){this.$input.focus()},blur:function(){this.$input.blur()},getQuery:function(){return this.query},setQuery:function(e){this.query=e},getInputValue:function(){return this.$input.val()},setInputValue:function(e,t){void 0===e&&(e=this.query),this.$input.val(e),t?this.clearHint():this._checkInputValue()},expand:function(){this.$input.attr("aria-expanded","true")},collapse:function(){this.$input.attr("aria-expanded","false")},setActiveDescendant:function(e){this.$input.attr("aria-activedescendant",e)},removeActiveDescendant:function(){this.$input.removeAttr("aria-activedescendant")},resetInputValue:function(){this.setInputValue(this.query,!0)},getHint:function(){return this.$hint.val()},setHint:function(e){this.$hint.val(e)},clearHint:function(){this.setHint("")},clearHintIfInvalid:function(){var e,t,n;n=(e=this.getInputValue())!==(t=this.getHint())&&0===t.indexOf(e),""!==e&&n&&!this.hasOverflow()||this.clearHint()},getLanguageDirection:function(){return(this.$input.css("direction")||"ltr").toLowerCase()},hasOverflow:function(){var e=this.$input.width()-2;return this.$overflowHelper.text(this.getInputValue()),this.$overflowHelper.width()>=e},isCursorAtEnd:function(){var e,t,n;return e=this.$input.val().length,t=this.$input[0].selectionStart,r.isNumber(t)?t===e:!document.selection||((n=document.selection.createRange()).moveStart("character",-e),e===n.text.length)},destroy:function(){this.$hint.off(".aa"),this.$input.off(".aa"),this.$hint=this.$input=this.$overflowHelper=null}}),e.exports=a},4520:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";var i="aaAttrs",r=n(85670),s=n(33855),o=n(47368),a=n(21286),u=n(35445),c=n(26619),l=n(47114);function h(e){var t,n;if((e=e||{}).input||r.error("missing input"),this.isActivated=!1,this.debug=!!e.debug,this.autoselect=!!e.autoselect,this.autoselectOnBlur=!!e.autoselectOnBlur,this.openOnFocus=!!e.openOnFocus,this.minLength=r.isNumber(e.minLength)?e.minLength:1,this.autoWidth=void 0===e.autoWidth||!!e.autoWidth,this.clearOnSelected=!!e.clearOnSelected,this.tabAutocomplete=void 0===e.tabAutocomplete||!!e.tabAutocomplete,e.hint=!!e.hint,e.hint&&e.appendTo)throw new Error("[autocomplete.js] hint and appendTo options can't be used at the same time");this.css=e.css=r.mixin({},l,e.appendTo?l.appendTo:{}),this.cssClasses=e.cssClasses=r.mixin({},l.defaultClasses,e.cssClasses||{}),this.cssClasses.prefix=e.cssClasses.formattedPrefix=r.formatPrefix(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.noPrefix),this.listboxId=e.listboxId=[this.cssClasses.root,"listbox",r.getUniqueId()].join("-");var a=function(e){var t,n,o,a;t=s.element(e.input),n=s.element(c.wrapper.replace("%ROOT%",e.cssClasses.root)).css(e.css.wrapper),e.appendTo||"block"!==t.css("display")||"table"!==t.parent().css("display")||n.css("display","table-cell");var u=c.dropdown.replace("%PREFIX%",e.cssClasses.prefix).replace("%DROPDOWN_MENU%",e.cssClasses.dropdownMenu);o=s.element(u).css(e.css.dropdown).attr({role:"listbox",id:e.listboxId}),e.templates&&e.templates.dropdownMenu&&o.html(r.templatify(e.templates.dropdownMenu)());(a=t.clone().css(e.css.hint).css(function(e){return{backgroundAttachment:e.css("background-attachment"),backgroundClip:e.css("background-clip"),backgroundColor:e.css("background-color"),backgroundImage:e.css("background-image"),backgroundOrigin:e.css("background-origin"),backgroundPosition:e.css("background-position"),backgroundRepeat:e.css("background-repeat"),backgroundSize:e.css("background-size")}}(t))).val("").addClass(r.className(e.cssClasses.prefix,e.cssClasses.hint,!0)).removeAttr("id name placeholder required").prop("readonly",!0).attr({"aria-hidden":"true",autocomplete:"off",spellcheck:"false",tabindex:-1}),a.removeData&&a.removeData();t.data(i,{"aria-autocomplete":t.attr("aria-autocomplete"),"aria-expanded":t.attr("aria-expanded"),"aria-owns":t.attr("aria-owns"),autocomplete:t.attr("autocomplete"),dir:t.attr("dir"),role:t.attr("role"),spellcheck:t.attr("spellcheck"),style:t.attr("style"),type:t.attr("type")}),t.addClass(r.className(e.cssClasses.prefix,e.cssClasses.input,!0)).attr({autocomplete:"off",spellcheck:!1,role:"combobox","aria-autocomplete":e.datasets&&e.datasets[0]&&e.datasets[0].displayKey?"both":"list","aria-expanded":"false","aria-label":e.ariaLabel,"aria-owns":e.listboxId}).css(e.hint?e.css.input:e.css.inputWithNoHint);try{t.attr("dir")||t.attr("dir","auto")}catch(l){}return(n=e.appendTo?n.appendTo(s.element(e.appendTo).eq(0)).eq(0):t.wrap(n).parent()).prepend(e.hint?a:null).append(o),{wrapper:n,input:t,hint:a,menu:o}}(e);this.$node=a.wrapper;var u=this.$input=a.input;t=a.menu,n=a.hint,e.dropdownMenuContainer&&s.element(e.dropdownMenuContainer).css("position","relative").append(t.css("top","0")),u.on("blur.aa",(function(e){var n=document.activeElement;r.isMsie()&&(t[0]===n||t[0].contains(n))&&(e.preventDefault(),e.stopImmediatePropagation(),r.defer((function(){u.focus()})))})),t.on("mousedown.aa",(function(e){e.preventDefault()})),this.eventBus=e.eventBus||new o({el:u}),this.dropdown=new h.Dropdown({appendTo:e.appendTo,wrapper:this.$node,menu:t,datasets:e.datasets,templates:e.templates,cssClasses:e.cssClasses,minLength:this.minLength}).onSync("suggestionClicked",this._onSuggestionClicked,this).onSync("cursorMoved",this._onCursorMoved,this).onSync("cursorRemoved",this._onCursorRemoved,this).onSync("opened",this._onOpened,this).onSync("closed",this._onClosed,this).onSync("shown",this._onShown,this).onSync("empty",this._onEmpty,this).onSync("redrawn",this._onRedrawn,this).onAsync("datasetRendered",this._onDatasetRendered,this),this.input=new h.Input({input:u,hint:n}).onSync("focused",this._onFocused,this).onSync("blurred",this._onBlurred,this).onSync("enterKeyed",this._onEnterKeyed,this).onSync("tabKeyed",this._onTabKeyed,this).onSync("escKeyed",this._onEscKeyed,this).onSync("upKeyed",this._onUpKeyed,this).onSync("downKeyed",this._onDownKeyed,this).onSync("leftKeyed",this._onLeftKeyed,this).onSync("rightKeyed",this._onRightKeyed,this).onSync("queryChanged",this._onQueryChanged,this).onSync("whitespaceChanged",this._onWhitespaceChanged,this),this._bindKeyboardShortcuts(e),this._setLanguageDirection()}r.mixin(h.prototype,{_bindKeyboardShortcuts:function(e){if(e.keyboardShortcuts){var t=this.$input,n=[];r.each(e.keyboardShortcuts,(function(e){"string"==typeof e&&(e=e.toUpperCase().charCodeAt(0)),n.push(e)})),s.element(document).keydown((function(e){var i=e.target||e.srcElement,r=i.tagName;if(!i.isContentEditable&&"INPUT"!==r&&"SELECT"!==r&&"TEXTAREA"!==r){var s=e.which||e.keyCode;-1!==n.indexOf(s)&&(t.focus(),e.stopPropagation(),e.preventDefault())}}))}},_onSuggestionClicked:function(e,t){var n;(n=this.dropdown.getDatumForSuggestion(t))&&this._select(n,{selectionMethod:"click"})},_onCursorMoved:function(e,t){var n=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor(),i=this.dropdown.getCurrentCursor().attr("id");this.input.setActiveDescendant(i),n&&(t&&this.input.setInputValue(n.value,!0),this.eventBus.trigger("cursorchanged",n.raw,n.datasetName))},_onCursorRemoved:function(){this.input.resetInputValue(),this._updateHint(),this.eventBus.trigger("cursorremoved")},_onDatasetRendered:function(){this._updateHint(),this.eventBus.trigger("updated")},_onOpened:function(){this._updateHint(),this.input.expand(),this.eventBus.trigger("opened")},_onEmpty:function(){this.eventBus.trigger("empty")},_onRedrawn:function(){this.$node.css("top","0px"),this.$node.css("left","0px");var e=this.$input[0].getBoundingClientRect();this.autoWidth&&this.$node.css("width",e.width+"px");var t=this.$node[0].getBoundingClientRect(),n=e.bottom-t.top;this.$node.css("top",n+"px");var i=e.left-t.left;this.$node.css("left",i+"px"),this.eventBus.trigger("redrawn")},_onShown:function(){this.eventBus.trigger("shown"),this.autoselect&&this.dropdown.cursorTopSuggestion()},_onClosed:function(){this.input.clearHint(),this.input.removeActiveDescendant(),this.input.collapse(),this.eventBus.trigger("closed")},_onFocused:function(){if(this.isActivated=!0,this.openOnFocus){var e=this.input.getQuery();e.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(e):this.dropdown.empty(),this.dropdown.open()}},_onBlurred:function(){var e,t;e=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor(),t=this.dropdown.getDatumForTopSuggestion();var n={selectionMethod:"blur"};this.debug||(this.autoselectOnBlur&&e?this._select(e,n):this.autoselectOnBlur&&t?this._select(t,n):(this.isActivated=!1,this.dropdown.empty(),this.dropdown.close()))},_onEnterKeyed:function(e,t){var n,i;n=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor(),i=this.dropdown.getDatumForTopSuggestion();var r={selectionMethod:"enterKey"};n?(this._select(n,r),t.preventDefault()):this.autoselect&&i&&(this._select(i,r),t.preventDefault())},_onTabKeyed:function(e,t){if(this.tabAutocomplete){var n;(n=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor())?(this._select(n,{selectionMethod:"tabKey"}),t.preventDefault()):this._autocomplete(!0)}else this.dropdown.close()},_onEscKeyed:function(){this.dropdown.close(),this.input.resetInputValue()},_onUpKeyed:function(){var e=this.input.getQuery();this.dropdown.isEmpty&&e.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(e):this.dropdown.moveCursorUp(),this.dropdown.open()},_onDownKeyed:function(){var 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Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/*! + * lunr.TokenSet + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/*! + * lunr.Vector + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/*! + * lunr.stemmer + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + * Includes code from - http://tartarus.org/~martin/PorterStemmer/js.txt + */ + +/*! + * lunr.stopWordFilter + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/*! + * lunr.tokenizer + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/*! + * lunr.trimmer + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/*! + * lunr.utils + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */ + +/** + * lunr - http://lunrjs.com - A bit like Solr, but much smaller and not as bright - 2.3.9 + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + * @license MIT + */ diff --git a/docs/assets/js/8509f041.70243559.js b/docs/assets/js/8509f041.70243559.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af955a9d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/8509f041.70243559.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[83633],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",s={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-1.0.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/category/tutorials"}},i={},d=[{value:"Available modules",id:"available-modules",level:2},{value:"Tokens",id:"tokens",level:3},{value:"CEP-18",id:"cep-18",level:4},{value:"CEP-78",id:"cep-78",level:4},{value:"Erc20",id:"erc20",level:4},{value:"Erc721",id:"erc721",level:4},{value:"Erc1155",id:"erc1155",level:4},{value:"Wrapped native token",id:"wrapped-native-token",level:4},{value:"Access",id:"access",level:3},{value:"AccessControl",id:"accesscontrol",level:4},{value:"Ownable",id:"ownable",level:4},{value:"Ownable2Step",id:"ownable2step",level:4},{value:"Security",id:"security",level:3},{value:"Pausable",id:"pausable",level:4}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "1.0.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "1.0.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "1.0.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = "1.0.0"\nodra-modules = "1.0.0"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra repository"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"cep-18"},"CEP-18"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-network/ceps/blob/master/text/0018-token-standard.md"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"cep-78"},"CEP-78"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-network/ceps/blob/master/text/0078-enhanced-nft-standard.md"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/86127e86.2d2f8a5e.js b/docs/assets/js/86127e86.2d2f8a5e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4ee8cf8a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/86127e86.2d2f8a5e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[24608],{3905:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(t,e,n){return e in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function o(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(a=a.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(t){for(var e=1;e=0||(r[n]=t[n]);return r}(t,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(t,n)&&(r[n]=t[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(t){var e=a.useContext(l),n=e;return t&&(n="function"==typeof t?t(e):s(s({},e),t)),n},d=function(t){var e=c(t.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},t.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(t){var e=t.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},e)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(t,e){var n=t.components,r=t.mdxType,o=t.originalType,l=t.parentName,d=i(t,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:e},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:e},d))}));function m(t,e){var n=arguments,r=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof t||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(i[l]=e[l]);i.originalType=t,i.mdxType="string"==typeof t?t:r,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"HostEnv",id:"hostenv",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(t){let{components:e,...n}=t;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{List, Var};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {\n name: "DogContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\nuse odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"super")," to import the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," from the parent module.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," are types that was generated for us by Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints)\nand implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/host/trait.HostRef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostRef"))," trait. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait.\nConsidering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),".\nAll of those structs implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::InitArgs")," trait, required to conform to the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Deployer::deploy")," method signature. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other import is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::host::Deployer"),". This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract?\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer"))," trait, which provides the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"deploy")," method:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute are available to us:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn env() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract2".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert_ne!(creator, creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," instance using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_test::env()"),".\nNext, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::ContractEnv::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(&self, address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512")," - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64)")," - increases the current value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block_time")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address")," - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0-th account"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emitted_event(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool")," - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full list of functions can be found in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/86253fdc.00a64871.js b/docs/assets/js/86253fdc.00a64871.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c6a9d674 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/86253fdc.00a64871.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[76333],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var c=2;c{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",s={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/directory-structure"}},l={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Generating contract schema",id:"generating-contract-schema",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The third available template is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"workspace"),", which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created\nwith the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.0 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It runs your tests against Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MockVM"),". It is substantially faster than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM"),"\nand implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files,\nspin up ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM")," instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder.\nNotice, that this command does not require the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," option."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to build specific contract, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-contract-schema"},"Generating contract schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"schema")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder.\nIf the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Like with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build")," command, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option to generate a schema for a specific contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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state.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/build-deploy-read",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable"},next:{title:"Migrations",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/migrations"}},c={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:3},{value:"Deploying the contract",id:"deploying-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Storage Layout",id:"storage-layout",level:3},{value:"Reading the state",id:"reading-the-state",level:3}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"build-deploy-and-read-the-state-of-a-contract"},"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"../category/getting-started"},"Getting Started")," guide"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Get familiar with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.casper.network/developers/dapps/setup-nctl/"},"NCTL tutorial")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},"NCTL docker")," image"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/casper-client-rs"},"casper-client"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will expose two methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The constructor ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," which sets the metadata and the version of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The method ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_data")," which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=custom_item.rs showLineNumbers",title:"custom_item.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};\n\n// A custom type with a vector of another custom type\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\n// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CustomItem {\n version: Var,\n meta: Var,\n data: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CustomItem {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {\n let meta = Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices: vec![\n Price { value: price_1 },\n Price { value: price_2 }\n ]\n };\n self.meta.set(meta);\n self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);\n }\n\n pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {\n self.data.value.set(value);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);\n }\n}\n\n// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Data {\n value: Var,\n inner: SubModule,\n}\n\n// A submodule with a mapping\n#[odra::module]\nstruct InnerData {\n named_values: Mapping,\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"deploying-the-contract"},"Deploying the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra build -c custom_item \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Then, we can deploy the contract using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\\n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ \n --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\\n --payment-amount 100000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='My Name'\" \\\n --session-arg \"description:string='My Description'\" \\ \n --session-arg \"price_1:u256='101'\" \\\n --session-arg \"price_2:u256='202'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_data")," method to set the values of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ \n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ \n --payment-amount 2000000000 \\\n --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\\n --session-entry-point "set_data" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:\'666\'" \\\n --session-arg "name:string=\'alice\'" \\ \n --session-arg "name2:string=\'bob\'"\n')),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Storage Layout\n\nCustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1\n data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2\n value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) + 0\n inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0001 (2 << 4) + 1\n named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The actual key is obtained as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Convert the index to a big-endian byte array."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Concatenate the index with the mapping data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In more detail, the storage layout is described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout article"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"reading-the-state"},"Reading the state"),(0,r.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=main.rs showLineNumbers",title:"main.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};\nuse casper_types::{\n bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},\n U256,\n};\n\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";\nconst NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";\nconst RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";\nconst DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec,\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\nasync fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec {\n let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n None,\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .state_root_hash\n .unwrap();\n\n // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.\n let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n state_root_hash,\n DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {\n key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),\n dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),\n dictionary_item_key: key,\n },\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .stored_value;\n\n // We expect the value to be a CLValue\n if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.\n cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()\n } else {\n vec![]\n }\n}\n\nasync fn metadata() -> Metadata {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(1, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n\n let mut prices = vec![];\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for _ in 0..size {\n // Read the value and store the remaining bytes\n let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n bytes = rem;\n prices.push(Price { value });\n }\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices\n }\n}\n\nasync fn value() -> u32 {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nasync fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();\n let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {\n let mut key = Vec::new();\n key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());\n key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);\n let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);\n\n hex::encode(&hashed_key)\n}\n\nfn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {\n let mut result = [0u8; 32];\n let mut hasher = ::new(32)\n .expect("should create hasher");\n let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);\n blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)\n .expect("should copy hash to the result array");\n result\n}\n\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'cargo run\n[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {\n name: "My Contract",\n description: "My Description",\n prices: [\n Price {\n value: 123,\n },\n Price {\n value: 321,\n },\n ],\n}\n[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666\n[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20\n[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10\n'))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'\nimport { blake2bHex } from "blakejs";\nimport {\n CLList,\n CLListBytesParser,\n CLStringBytesParser,\n CLU256BytesParser,\n CLU32BytesParser,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n CasperServiceByJsonRPC,\n Contracts,\n ToBytes,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH = "hash-...";\nconst STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME = "state";\nconst U32_SIZE = 4;\n\nclass Price {\n value: bigint;\n\n constructor(value: bigint) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n}\n\nclass Metadata {\n name: string;\n description: string;\n prices: Price[];\n\n constructor(name: string, description: string, prices: Price[]) {\n this.name = name;\n this.description = description;\n this.prices = prices;\n }\n}\n\nexport class Contract {\n client: CasperClient;\n service: CasperServiceByJsonRPC;\n contract: Contracts.Contract;\n\n private constructor() {\n this.client = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.service = new CasperServiceByJsonRPC(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.contract = new Contracts.Contract(this.client);\n this.contract.setContractHash(CONTRACT_HASH);\n }\n\n static async load() {\n return new Contract();\n }\n\n async read_state(key: string) {\n const response = await this.contract.queryContractDictionary(STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME, key);\n let data: CLList = CLValueBuilder.list(response.value());\n let bytes = new CLListBytesParser().toBytes(data).unwrap();\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType\n return bytes.slice(4);\n }\n\n async metadata() {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(key(1));\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let name = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = name.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let description = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = description.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n let prices: Price[] = [];\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let size = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = size.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for (let i = 0; i < size.result.unwrap().data.toNumber(); i++) {\n let price = new CLU256BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = price.remainder as Uint8Array;\n prices.push(new Price(price.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt()));\n }\n\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n return new Metadata(\n name.result.unwrap().data,\n description.result.unwrap().data,\n prices\n );\n }\n \n async value() {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n const bytes = await this.read_state(key((2 << 4) + 0));\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n\n async named_value(name: string) {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = new CLStringBytesParser()\n .toBytes(CLValueBuilder.string(name))\n .unwrap();\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(\n key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, mapping_data)\n );\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. 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Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. 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Odra encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. 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"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env()\n .emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct NonReentrantCounter {\n counter: Var\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n #[odra(non_reentrant)]\n pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {\n if n > 0 {\n self.count();\n ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n fn count(&mut self) {\n let c = self.counter.get_or_default();\n self.counter.set(c + 1);\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};\n\n #[test]\n fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);\n assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/881a4843.9eaa4ee0.js b/docs/assets/js/881a4843.9eaa4ee0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..647d39de9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/881a4843.9eaa4ee0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[81557],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},h=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=c(n),u=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(u)]||h[u]||p[u]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function u(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,i=new Array(r);i[0]=h;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:3},i="Livenet",l={unversionedId:"backends/livenet",id:"version-0.8.0/backends/livenet",title:"Livenet",description:"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/backends/04-livenet.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711379330,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 25, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/casper"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/examples"}},s={},c=[{value:"Setup",id:"setup",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"How Livenet backend works",id:"how-livenet-backend-works",level:2},{value:"Multiple enviroments",id:"multiple-enviroments",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"livenet"},"Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local\ntest node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend\nto handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM,\nhowever, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state.\nThis lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but\non the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to\npay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"faucet"),"\nto get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed\nfor each action."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state -\nwe can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"advance_block_time")," function\nis implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running\nthe regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will\nuse a slightly different workflow to test the contracts."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"setup"},"Setup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private\nkey and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use\nmore than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env\nfile to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/examples/.env.sample"},".env.sample")," file from\nexamples folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env"},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used\n# to deploy the contracts.\n# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit\n# the secret key to the repository.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network. Known values:\n# - integration-test\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test\n\n# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.\n# Main secret key will be 0th account.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find\na simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"},"erc20_on_livenet.rs")," file.\nLet's go through the code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'fn main() {\n // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize\n // the environment:\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the\n // OdraVM backend.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,\n // so we need to provide them\n // if we did not import their secret keys.\n let recipient = \n "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Arguments for the contract init method.\n let name = String::from("Plascoin");\n let symbol = String::from("PLS");\n let decimals = 10u8;\n let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);\n \n // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify\n // the gas limit for each action.\n // The limit will be used for every consecutive action\n // until we change it.\n env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);\n \n // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.\n let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)\n };\n let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);\n \n // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Uncomment to load existing contract.\n // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract\n // that is already deployed.\n // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);\n\n // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.\n println!("Token name: {}", token.name());\n\n // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,\n // so we change the amount of gas\n env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);\n token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));\n\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));\n println!("Recipient\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[bin]\nname = "erc20_on_livenet"\npath = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n'))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," feature enabled:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A part of a sample output should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'...\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.\nOwner\'s balance: 4004\nRecipient\'s balance: 4000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing.\nEach deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute.\nWe can see that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer")," call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," was nearly instant\nand cost us nothing. How it is possible?"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can see the deployment on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://cspr.live/"},"http://cspr.live/")," - the transfer from the example\ncan be seen ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://integration.cspr.live/deploy/65b1a5d21174a62c675f89683aba995c453b942c705b404a1f8bbf6f0f6de32a"},"here"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"how-livenet-backend-works"},"How Livenet backend works"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state.\nIt is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the\nnode is the current state. This is why the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," call was almost instant and free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract\n(see ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross Calls"),"), it is executed offline and\nnode is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts\nand the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"multiple-enviroments"},"Multiple enviroments"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts,\nmultiple nodes or even multiple chains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To do this, simply create a new ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with a different prefix - for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet.env"),".\nThen, pass the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV")," variable with value either ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet")," to select which file\nhas to be used first. If your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file has a value that IS present in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file, it will\noverride the value from the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To sum up - this command will firstly load the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file and then load the missing values from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/8837ae20.6e051c8b.js b/docs/assets/js/8837ae20.6e051c8b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f04e43b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/8837ae20.6e051c8b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[41817],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function o(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(a=a.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=a.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},r)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=o,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,o=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.9.1/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the [Odra main repository].",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra main repository"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/88434b46.6ea04786.js b/docs/assets/js/88434b46.6ea04786.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aa40f87d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/88434b46.6ea04786.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[27195],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function i(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):i(i({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(t),m=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},i="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/advanced/02-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711379330,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 25, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes"}},c={},l=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),": A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value.\nIn previous examples, the value of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type derived from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::OdraType"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Mappings {\n strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,\n tokens: Mapping\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Mappings {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {\n self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));\n opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Firstly, within a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you don't encapsulate the module with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Submodule"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Secondly, rather than utilizing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::module()"),", which returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n counter: Sequence,\n tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {\n let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.balance_of(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {\n let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.mint(amount, to);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/88506cf5.bc7196b9.js b/docs/assets/js/88506cf5.bc7196b9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bcb16b9a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/88506cf5.bc7196b9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[86188],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(n),m=r,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=c;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"version-0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/access-control"},next:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read"}},i={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Event, OdraError};\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n PausedRequired = 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired = 1_001,\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n...\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Var\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Paused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausableCounter"),". The contract consists of a Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," and a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::SubModule;\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Var,\n pauseable: SubModule\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n contract.increment();\n contract.pause();\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),\n Error::UnpausedRequired.into()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/88b75f2c.31067f7a.js b/docs/assets/js/88b75f2c.31067f7a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4e25c11b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/88b75f2c.31067f7a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[96075],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},l="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.7.0/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/advanced/02-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Module reusing",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/using"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20,\n exchange: Exchange\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/893f4b86.669333e9.js b/docs/assets/js/893f4b86.669333e9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..528ca437d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/893f4b86.669333e9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[36452],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=t(67294);function a(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(o=o.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=o.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},r)}},u=o.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?o.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var o=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.7.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the Odra main repository."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/8988b866.61fbde3e.js b/docs/assets/js/8988b866.61fbde3e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0976992cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/8988b866.61fbde3e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95598],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=p(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(t),m=r,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.4.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},p=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra allows nested ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, what we utilize to store allowances.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .set(spender, new_allowance);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/8a2be6b7.cde9757a.js b/docs/assets/js/8a2be6b7.cde9757a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1913ce527 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/8a2be6b7.cde9757a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[3816],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=a,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||o;return t?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=c;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=l;for(var d=2;d{t.d(n,{Z:()=>s});var r=t(67294),a=t(86010);const o="tabItem_Ymn6";function s(e){let{children:n,hidden:t,className:s}=e;return r.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,a.Z)(o,s),hidden:t},n)}},74866:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>y});var r=t(87462),a=t(67294),o=t(86010),s=t(12466),l=t(16550),i=t(91980),d=t(67392),u=t(50012);function p(e){return function(e){return a.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,a.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the component should be , and every should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}=e;return{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}))}function c(e){const{values:n,children:t}=e;return(0,a.useMemo)((()=>{const e=n??p(t);return function(e){const n=(0,d.l)(e,((e,n)=>e.value===n.value));if(n.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${n.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in . 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Prerequisites",id:"1-prerequisites",level:2},{value:"1.1. Update cargo-odra",id:"11-update-cargo-odra",level:3},{value:"1.2. Review the Changelog",id:"12-review-the-changelog",level:3},{value:"2. Migration Steps",id:"2-migration-steps",level:2},{value:"2.1 Add bin directory",id:"21-add-bin-directory",level:3},{value:"2.2. Update Cargo.toml",id:"22-update-cargotoml",level:3},{value:"2.2. Update Odra.toml",id:"22-update-odratoml",level:3},{value:"2.3. Update Smart Contracts",id:"23-update-smart-contracts",level:3},{value:"2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.",id:"231-update-the-use-statements-to-reflect-the-new-module-structure",level:4},{value:"2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.",id:"232-some-type-aliases-are-no-longer-in-use",level:4},{value:"2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.",id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files",level:4},{value:"2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.",id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings",level:4},{value:"2.3.5. Update errors definitions.",id:"235-update-errors-definitions",level:4},{value:"2.3.6. Update events definitions.",id:"236-update-events-definitions",level:4},{value:"2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.",id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules",level:4},{value:"2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.",id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet",level:4},{value:"2.3.9. Update external contract calls.",id:"239-update-external-contract-calls",level:4},{value:"2.3.10. Update constructors.",id:"2310-update-constructors",level:4},{value:"2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.",id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls",level:4},{value:"2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.",id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition",level:4},{value:"2.4. Update Tests",id:"24-update-tests",level:3},{value:"2.4.1. Contract deployment.",id:"241-contract-deployment",level:4},{value:"2.4.2. Host interactions.",id:"242-host-interactions",level:4},{value:"2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.",id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios",level:4},{value:"2.4.4. Testing events.",id:"244-testing-events",level:4},{value:"3. Code Examples",id:"3-code-examples",level:2},{value:"4. Troubleshooting",id:"4-troubleshooting",level:2},{value:"5. References",id:"5-references",level:2}],c={toc:p};function m(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"migration-guide-to-v080"},"Migration guide to v0.8.0"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/getting-started/"},"Getting Started"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Framework internals redesign.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"1-prerequisites"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"1. Prerequisites")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"11-update-cargo-odra"},"1.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update cargo-odra")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"12-review-the-changelog"},"1.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Review the Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")," to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"2-migration-steps"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"2. Migration Steps")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"21-add-bin-directory"},"2.1 ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Add bin directory")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".builder_casper")," directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bin")," in the root of your project and add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_contract.rs")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_schema.rs")," files to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bin")," directory."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can find the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_contract.rs")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_schema.rs")," files in ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/templates"},"templates")," directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{project-name}}")," with the name of your project."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-cargotoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Cargo.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"There a bunch of changes in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"features")," section and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"default-features")," flag from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra")," dependency."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Register bins you added in the previous step."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev-dependencies")," section with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra-test")," crate."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add recommended profiles for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"release")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev")," to optimize the build process.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Below you can compare the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:"),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.7.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-odratoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Odra.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file has been simplified. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," property is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"23-update-smart-contracts"},"2.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Smart Contracts")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"231-update-the-use-statements-to-reflect-the-new-module-structure"},"2.3.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"use")," statements to reflect the new module structure.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Big integer types are now located in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types")," module."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::Address")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::contract_env"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::OdraType")," as it is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Change ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::casper_types::*;")," to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::*;"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"232-some-type-aliases-are-no-longer-in-use"},"2.3.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Some type aliases are no longer in use.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::U512"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"EventData")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files"},"2.3.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Consider import ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::prelude::*")," in your module files.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings"},"2.3.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Flatten nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"Mapping"),"s.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// Before\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n// After\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"235-update-errors-definitions"},"2.3.5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update errors definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"236-update-events-definitions"},"2.3.6. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update events definitions.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
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,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nself.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n});\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
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,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nuse odra::types::event::OdraEvent;\n\nTransfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n}.emit();\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules"},"2.3.7. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"contract_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"self.env()")," in your modules.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()")," is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),". 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"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash>(input: T) -> Vec")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(error: E) -> !")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert>(&self, error: E) -> !"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(event: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event(&self, event: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option) -> T")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"native_token_metadata()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"one_token()")," have been removed.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet"},"2.3.8. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Wrap submodules of your module with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::SubModule"),".")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: SubModule,\n metadata: SubModule,\n ownable: SubModule\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: Erc721Base,\n metadata: Erc721MetadataExtension,\n ownable: Ownable\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"239-update-external-contract-calls"},"2.3.9. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update external contract calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref"),") and you can call it using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address)")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref::at()"),")."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenRef::at(token).balance_of(account)\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2310-update-constructors"},"2.3.10. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update constructors.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::init]")," attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls"},"2.3.11. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"UnwrapOrRevert")," calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," now require ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&HostEnv")," as the first parameter."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition"},"2.3.12. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"#[odra(using)]")," attribute from your module definition.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"24-update-tests"},"2.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Tests")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"241-contract-deployment"},"2.4.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Contract deployment.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The way you deploy a contract has changed:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args)")," instead of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}Deployer::init()"),". The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),", required by the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableHostRef;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)\n\n// A contract with init args\nuse super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n};\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableDeployer;\n\nlet ownable = OwnableDeployer::init();\n\n// A contract with init args\nlet erc20 = Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"242-host-interactions"},"2.4.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Host interactions.")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The API of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()")," are similar, but there are some differences:",(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.advance_block_time(u64)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::token_balance(Address)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.balance_of(&Address)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::total_gas_used(Address)"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::gas_report()")," have been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef::last_call()")," and extract the data from a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::ContractCallResult")," instance. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef")," is a trait implemented by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),".")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios"},"2.4.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing failing scenarios.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," has been removed. You should use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix to call the function and then assert the result.\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult"))," type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount)\n });\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"244-testing-events"},"2.4.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing events.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," macro has been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::emitted_event()")," to assert the emitted events.\nThe new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation to explore the available options."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n...\n\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n));\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n));\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let erc20 = Erc20HostDeployer::init(&env, ...);\n\n...\n\nassert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var,\n symbol: Var,\n name: Var,\n total_supply: Var,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs\n };\n use odra::{\n casper_types::U256,\n host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},\n prelude::*\n };\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::string::String;\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address, U256},\n Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert, Variable\n};\n\nuse self::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer}\n};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: &Option\n ) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = *initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .subtract(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::types::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n use odra::Event;\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::execution_error;\n\n execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref\n };\n use odra::prelude::string::ToString;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::casper_types::U256};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = test_env::get_account(0);\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. 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and spinning up the\nblockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"MockVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),".\nEach time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the 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Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9005cef3.eab22a5a.js b/docs/assets/js/9005cef3.eab22a5a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e421619f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9005cef3.eab22a5a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[35973],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=p(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(t),m=r,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var p=2;p{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.6.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. 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Let's try to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable,\n symbol: Variable,\n name: Variable,\n total_supply: Variable,\n balances: Mapping,\n allowances: Mapping>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra allows nested ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, what we utilize to store allowances.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option
,\n pub to: Option
,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),". If the type implements ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .set(spender, new_allowance);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/90239.4728e4d9.js b/docs/assets/js/90239.4728e4d9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b165b530d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/90239.4728e4d9.js @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +/*! 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sans-serif',this.fontSize="16px"}updateColors(){if(this.primaryTextColor=this.primaryTextColor||(this.darkMode?"#eee":"#333"),this.secondaryColor=this.secondaryColor||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-120}),this.tertiaryColor=this.tertiaryColor||_(this.primaryColor,{h:180,l:5}),this.primaryBorderColor=this.primaryBorderColor||jt(this.primaryColor,this.darkMode),this.secondaryBorderColor=this.secondaryBorderColor||jt(this.secondaryColor,this.darkMode),this.tertiaryBorderColor=this.tertiaryBorderColor||jt(this.tertiaryColor,this.darkMode),this.noteBorderColor=this.noteBorderColor||jt(this.noteBkgColor,this.darkMode),this.noteBkgColor=this.noteBkgColor||"#fff5ad",this.noteTextColor=this.noteTextColor||"#333",this.secondaryTextColor=this.secondaryTextColor||g(this.secondaryColor),this.tertiaryTextColor=this.tertiaryTextColor||g(this.tertiaryColor),this.lineColor=this.lineColor||g(this.background),this.textColor=this.textColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.nodeBkg=this.nodeBkg||this.primaryColor,this.mainBkg=this.mainBkg||this.primaryColor,this.nodeBorder=this.nodeBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.clusterBkg=this.clusterBkg||this.tertiaryColor,this.clusterBorder=this.clusterBorder||this.tertiaryBorderColor,this.defaultLinkColor=this.defaultLinkColor||this.lineColor,this.titleColor=this.titleColor||this.tertiaryTextColor,this.edgeLabelBackground=this.edgeLabelBackground||(this.darkMode?(0,b.Z)(this.secondaryColor,30):this.secondaryColor),this.nodeTextColor=this.nodeTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.actorBorder=this.actorBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.actorBkg=this.actorBkg||this.mainBkg,this.actorTextColor=this.actorTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.actorLineColor=this.actorLineColor||"grey",this.labelBoxBkgColor=this.labelBoxBkgColor||this.actorBkg,this.signalColor=this.signalColor||this.textColor,this.signalTextColor=this.signalTextColor||this.textColor,this.labelBoxBorderColor=this.labelBoxBorderColor||this.actorBorder,this.labelTextColor=this.labelTextColor||this.actorTextColor,this.loopTextColor=this.loopTextColor||this.actorTextColor,this.activationBorderColor=this.activationBorderColor||(0,b.Z)(this.secondaryColor,10),this.activationBkgColor=this.activationBkgColor||this.secondaryColor,this.sequenceNumberColor=this.sequenceNumberColor||g(this.lineColor),this.sectionBkgColor=this.sectionBkgColor||this.tertiaryColor,this.altSectionBkgColor=this.altSectionBkgColor||"white",this.sectionBkgColor=this.sectionBkgColor||this.secondaryColor,this.sectionBkgColor2=this.sectionBkgColor2||this.primaryColor,this.excludeBkgColor=this.excludeBkgColor||"#eeeeee",this.taskBorderColor=this.taskBorderColor||this.primaryBorderColor,this.taskBkgColor=this.taskBkgColor||this.primaryColor,this.activeTaskBorderColor=this.activeTaskBorderColor||this.primaryColor,this.activeTaskBkgColor=this.activeTaskBkgColor||(0,k.Z)(this.primaryColor,23),this.gridColor=this.gridColor||"lightgrey",this.doneTaskBkgColor=this.doneTaskBkgColor||"lightgrey",this.doneTaskBorderColor=this.doneTaskBorderColor||"grey",this.critBorderColor=this.critBorderColor||"#ff8888",this.critBkgColor=this.critBkgColor||"red",this.todayLineColor=this.todayLineColor||"red",this.taskTextColor=this.taskTextColor||this.textColor,this.taskTextOutsideColor=this.taskTextOutsideColor||this.textColor,this.taskTextLightColor=this.taskTextLightColor||this.textColor,this.taskTextColor=this.taskTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.taskTextDarkColor=this.taskTextDarkColor||this.textColor,this.taskTextClickableColor=this.taskTextClickableColor||"#003163",this.personBorder=this.personBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.personBkg=this.personBkg||this.mainBkg,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.transitionLabelColor=this.transitionLabelColor||this.textColor,this.stateLabelColor=this.stateLabelColor||this.stateBkg||this.primaryTextColor,this.stateBkg=this.stateBkg||this.mainBkg,this.labelBackgroundColor=this.labelBackgroundColor||this.stateBkg,this.compositeBackground=this.compositeBackground||this.background||this.tertiaryColor,this.altBackground=this.altBackground||this.tertiaryColor,this.compositeTitleBackground=this.compositeTitleBackground||this.mainBkg,this.compositeBorder=this.compositeBorder||this.nodeBorder,this.innerEndBackground=this.nodeBorder,this.errorBkgColor=this.errorBkgColor||this.tertiaryColor,this.errorTextColor=this.errorTextColor||this.tertiaryTextColor,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.specialStateColor=this.lineColor,this.cScale0=this.cScale0||this.primaryColor,this.cScale1=this.cScale1||this.secondaryColor,this.cScale2=this.cScale2||this.tertiaryColor,this.cScale3=this.cScale3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:30}),this.cScale4=this.cScale4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.cScale5=this.cScale5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:90}),this.cScale6=this.cScale6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.cScale7=this.cScale7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:150}),this.cScale8=this.cScale8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:210,l:150}),this.cScale9=this.cScale9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:270}),this.cScale10=this.cScale10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:300}),this.cScale11=this.cScale11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:330}),this.darkMode)for(let e=0;e<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;e++)this["cScale"+e]=(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+e],75);else for(let e=0;e<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;e++)this["cScale"+e]=(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+e],25);for(let e=0;e<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;e++)this["cScaleInv"+e]=this["cScaleInv"+e]||g(this["cScale"+e]);for(let e=0;e<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;e++)this.darkMode?this["cScalePeer"+e]=this["cScalePeer"+e]||(0,k.Z)(this["cScale"+e],10):this["cScalePeer"+e]=this["cScalePeer"+e]||(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+e],10);this.scaleLabelColor=this.scaleLabelColor||this.labelTextColor;for(let e=0;e<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;e++)this["cScaleLabel"+e]=this["cScaleLabel"+e]||this.scaleLabelColor;const t=this.darkMode?-4:-1;for(let e=0;e<5;e++)this["surface"+e]=this["surface"+e]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:180,s:-15,l:t*(5+3*e)}),this["surfacePeer"+e]=this["surfacePeer"+e]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:180,s:-15,l:t*(8+3*e)});this.classText=this.classText||this.textColor,this.fillType0=this.fillType0||this.primaryColor,this.fillType1=this.fillType1||this.secondaryColor,this.fillType2=this.fillType2||_(this.primaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType3=this.fillType3||_(this.secondaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType4=this.fillType4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType5=this.fillType5||_(this.secondaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType6=this.fillType6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:128}),this.fillType7=this.fillType7||_(this.secondaryColor,{h:128}),this.pie1=this.pie1||this.primaryColor,this.pie2=this.pie2||this.secondaryColor,this.pie3=this.pie3||this.tertiaryColor,this.pie4=this.pie4||_(this.primaryColor,{l:-10}),this.pie5=this.pie5||_(this.secondaryColor,{l:-10}),this.pie6=this.pie6||_(this.tertiaryColor,{l:-10}),this.pie7=this.pie7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60,l:-10}),this.pie8=this.pie8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60,l:-10}),this.pie9=this.pie9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120,l:0}),this.pie10=this.pie10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60,l:-20}),this.pie11=this.pie11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60,l:-20}),this.pie12=this.pie12||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120,l:-10}),this.pieTitleTextSize=this.pieTitleTextSize||"25px",this.pieTitleTextColor=this.pieTitleTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieSectionTextSize=this.pieSectionTextSize||"17px",this.pieSectionTextColor=this.pieSectionTextColor||this.textColor,this.pieLegendTextSize=this.pieLegendTextSize||"17px",this.pieLegendTextColor=this.pieLegendTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieStrokeColor=this.pieStrokeColor||"black",this.pieStrokeWidth=this.pieStrokeWidth||"2px",this.pieOpacity=this.pieOpacity||"0.7",this.requirementBackground=this.requirementBackground||this.primaryColor,this.requirementBorderColor=this.requirementBorderColor||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementBorderSize=this.requirementBorderSize||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementTextColor=this.requirementTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.relationColor=this.relationColor||this.lineColor,this.relationLabelBackground=this.relationLabelBackground||(this.darkMode?(0,b.Z)(this.secondaryColor,30):this.secondaryColor),this.relationLabelColor=this.relationLabelColor||this.actorTextColor,this.git0=this.git0||this.primaryColor,this.git1=this.git1||this.secondaryColor,this.git2=this.git2||this.tertiaryColor,this.git3=this.git3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-30}),this.git4=this.git4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60}),this.git5=this.git5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-90}),this.git6=this.git6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.git7=this.git7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.darkMode?(this.git0=(0,k.Z)(this.git0,25),this.git1=(0,k.Z)(this.git1,25),this.git2=(0,k.Z)(this.git2,25),this.git3=(0,k.Z)(this.git3,25),this.git4=(0,k.Z)(this.git4,25),this.git5=(0,k.Z)(this.git5,25),this.git6=(0,k.Z)(this.git6,25),this.git7=(0,k.Z)(this.git7,25)):(this.git0=(0,b.Z)(this.git0,25),this.git1=(0,b.Z)(this.git1,25),this.git2=(0,b.Z)(this.git2,25),this.git3=(0,b.Z)(this.git3,25),this.git4=(0,b.Z)(this.git4,25),this.git5=(0,b.Z)(this.git5,25),this.git6=(0,b.Z)(this.git6,25),this.git7=(0,b.Z)(this.git7,25)),this.gitInv0=this.gitInv0||g(this.git0),this.gitInv1=this.gitInv1||g(this.git1),this.gitInv2=this.gitInv2||g(this.git2),this.gitInv3=this.gitInv3||g(this.git3),this.gitInv4=this.gitInv4||g(this.git4),this.gitInv5=this.gitInv5||g(this.git5),this.gitInv6=this.gitInv6||g(this.git6),this.gitInv7=this.gitInv7||g(this.git7),this.branchLabelColor=this.branchLabelColor||(this.darkMode?"black":this.labelTextColor),this.gitBranchLabel0=this.gitBranchLabel0||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel1=this.gitBranchLabel1||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel2=this.gitBranchLabel2||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel3=this.gitBranchLabel3||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel4=this.gitBranchLabel4||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel5=this.gitBranchLabel5||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel6=this.gitBranchLabel6||this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel7=this.gitBranchLabel7||this.branchLabelColor,this.tagLabelColor=this.tagLabelColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.tagLabelBackground=this.tagLabelBackground||this.primaryColor,this.tagLabelBorder=this.tagBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.tagLabelFontSize=this.tagLabelFontSize||"10px",this.commitLabelColor=this.commitLabelColor||this.secondaryTextColor,this.commitLabelBackground=this.commitLabelBackground||this.secondaryColor,this.commitLabelFontSize=this.commitLabelFontSize||"10px",this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd=this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd||Rt,this.attributeBackgroundColorEven=this.attributeBackgroundColorEven||Ht}calculate(t){if("object"!=typeof t)return void this.updateColors();const e=Object.keys(t);e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]})),this.updateColors(),e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]}))}}class Zt{constructor(){this.background="#333",this.primaryColor="#1f2020",this.secondaryColor=(0,k.Z)(this.primaryColor,16),this.tertiaryColor=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-160}),this.primaryBorderColor=g(this.background),this.secondaryBorderColor=jt(this.secondaryColor,this.darkMode),this.tertiaryBorderColor=jt(this.tertiaryColor,this.darkMode),this.primaryTextColor=g(this.primaryColor),this.secondaryTextColor=g(this.secondaryColor),this.tertiaryTextColor=g(this.tertiaryColor),this.lineColor=g(this.background),this.textColor=g(this.background),this.mainBkg="#1f2020",this.secondBkg="calculated",this.mainContrastColor="lightgrey",this.darkTextColor=(0,k.Z)(g("#323D47"),10),this.lineColor="calculated",this.border1="#81B1DB",this.border2=f(255,255,255,.25),this.arrowheadColor="calculated",this.fontFamily='"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif',this.fontSize="16px",this.labelBackground="#181818",this.textColor="#ccc",this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT=12,this.nodeBkg="calculated",this.nodeBorder="calculated",this.clusterBkg="calculated",this.clusterBorder="calculated",this.defaultLinkColor="calculated",this.titleColor="#F9FFFE",this.edgeLabelBackground="calculated",this.actorBorder="calculated",this.actorBkg="calculated",this.actorTextColor="calculated",this.actorLineColor="calculated",this.signalColor="calculated",this.signalTextColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBkgColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBorderColor="calculated",this.labelTextColor="calculated",this.loopTextColor="calculated",this.noteBorderColor="calculated",this.noteBkgColor="#fff5ad",this.noteTextColor="calculated",this.activationBorderColor="calculated",this.activationBkgColor="calculated",this.sequenceNumberColor="black",this.sectionBkgColor=(0,b.Z)("#EAE8D9",30),this.altSectionBkgColor="calculated",this.sectionBkgColor2="#EAE8D9",this.taskBorderColor=f(255,255,255,70),this.taskBkgColor="calculated",this.taskTextColor="calculated",this.taskTextLightColor="calculated",this.taskTextOutsideColor="calculated",this.taskTextClickableColor="#003163",this.activeTaskBorderColor=f(255,255,255,50),this.activeTaskBkgColor="#81B1DB",this.gridColor="calculated",this.doneTaskBkgColor="calculated",this.doneTaskBorderColor="grey",this.critBorderColor="#E83737",this.critBkgColor="#E83737",this.taskTextDarkColor="calculated",this.todayLineColor="#DB5757",this.personBorder="calculated",this.personBkg="calculated",this.labelColor="calculated",this.errorBkgColor="#a44141",this.errorTextColor="#ddd"}updateColors(){this.secondBkg=(0,k.Z)(this.mainBkg,16),this.lineColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.arrowheadColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.nodeBkg=this.mainBkg,this.nodeBorder=this.border1,this.clusterBkg=this.secondBkg,this.clusterBorder=this.border2,this.defaultLinkColor=this.lineColor,this.edgeLabelBackground=(0,k.Z)(this.labelBackground,25),this.actorBorder=this.border1,this.actorBkg=this.mainBkg,this.actorTextColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.actorLineColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.signalColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.signalTextColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.labelBoxBkgColor=this.actorBkg,this.labelBoxBorderColor=this.actorBorder,this.labelTextColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.loopTextColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.noteBorderColor=this.secondaryBorderColor,this.noteBkgColor=this.secondBkg,this.noteTextColor=this.secondaryTextColor,this.activationBorderColor=this.border1,this.activationBkgColor=this.secondBkg,this.altSectionBkgColor=this.background,this.taskBkgColor=(0,k.Z)(this.mainBkg,23),this.taskTextColor=this.darkTextColor,this.taskTextLightColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.taskTextOutsideColor=this.taskTextLightColor,this.gridColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.doneTaskBkgColor=this.mainContrastColor,this.taskTextDarkColor=this.darkTextColor,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.transitionLabelColor=this.transitionLabelColor||this.textColor,this.stateLabelColor=this.stateLabelColor||this.stateBkg||this.primaryTextColor,this.stateBkg=this.stateBkg||this.mainBkg,this.labelBackgroundColor=this.labelBackgroundColor||this.stateBkg,this.compositeBackground=this.compositeBackground||this.background||this.tertiaryColor,this.altBackground=this.altBackground||"#555",this.compositeTitleBackground=this.compositeTitleBackground||this.mainBkg,this.compositeBorder=this.compositeBorder||this.nodeBorder,this.innerEndBackground=this.primaryBorderColor,this.specialStateColor="#f4f4f4",this.errorBkgColor=this.errorBkgColor||this.tertiaryColor,this.errorTextColor=this.errorTextColor||this.tertiaryTextColor,this.fillType0=this.primaryColor,this.fillType1=this.secondaryColor,this.fillType2=_(this.primaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType3=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType4=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType5=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType6=_(this.primaryColor,{h:128}),this.fillType7=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:128}),this.cScale1=this.cScale1||"#0b0000",this.cScale2=this.cScale2||"#4d1037",this.cScale3=this.cScale3||"#3f5258",this.cScale4=this.cScale4||"#4f2f1b",this.cScale5=this.cScale5||"#6e0a0a",this.cScale6=this.cScale6||"#3b0048",this.cScale7=this.cScale7||"#995a01",this.cScale8=this.cScale8||"#154706",this.cScale9=this.cScale9||"#161722",this.cScale10=this.cScale10||"#00296f",this.cScale11=this.cScale11||"#01629c",this.cScale12=this.cScale12||"#010029",this.cScale0=this.cScale0||this.primaryColor,this.cScale1=this.cScale1||this.secondaryColor,this.cScale2=this.cScale2||this.tertiaryColor,this.cScale3=this.cScale3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:30}),this.cScale4=this.cScale4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.cScale5=this.cScale5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:90}),this.cScale6=this.cScale6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.cScale7=this.cScale7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:150}),this.cScale8=this.cScale8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:210}),this.cScale9=this.cScale9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:270}),this.cScale10=this.cScale10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:300}),this.cScale11=this.cScale11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:330});for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleInv"+t]=this["cScaleInv"+t]||g(this["cScale"+t]);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScalePeer"+t]=this["cScalePeer"+t]||(0,k.Z)(this["cScale"+t],10);for(let t=0;t<5;t++)this["surface"+t]=this["surface"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:30,s:-30,l:-(4*t-10)}),this["surfacePeer"+t]=this["surfacePeer"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:30,s:-30,l:-(4*t-7)});this.scaleLabelColor=this.scaleLabelColor||(this.darkMode?"black":this.labelTextColor);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleLabel"+t]=this["cScaleLabel"+t]||this.scaleLabelColor;for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["pie"+t]=this["cScale"+t];this.pieTitleTextSize=this.pieTitleTextSize||"25px",this.pieTitleTextColor=this.pieTitleTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieSectionTextSize=this.pieSectionTextSize||"17px",this.pieSectionTextColor=this.pieSectionTextColor||this.textColor,this.pieLegendTextSize=this.pieLegendTextSize||"17px",this.pieLegendTextColor=this.pieLegendTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieStrokeColor=this.pieStrokeColor||"black",this.pieStrokeWidth=this.pieStrokeWidth||"2px",this.pieOpacity=this.pieOpacity||"0.7",this.classText=this.primaryTextColor,this.requirementBackground=this.requirementBackground||this.primaryColor,this.requirementBorderColor=this.requirementBorderColor||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementBorderSize=this.requirementBorderSize||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementTextColor=this.requirementTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.relationColor=this.relationColor||this.lineColor,this.relationLabelBackground=this.relationLabelBackground||(this.darkMode?(0,b.Z)(this.secondaryColor,30):this.secondaryColor),this.relationLabelColor=this.relationLabelColor||this.actorTextColor,this.git0=(0,k.Z)(this.secondaryColor,20),this.git1=(0,k.Z)(this.pie2||this.secondaryColor,20),this.git2=(0,k.Z)(this.pie3||this.tertiaryColor,20),this.git3=(0,k.Z)(this.pie4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-30}),20),this.git4=(0,k.Z)(this.pie5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60}),20),this.git5=(0,k.Z)(this.pie6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-90}),10),this.git6=(0,k.Z)(this.pie7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),10),this.git7=(0,k.Z)(this.pie8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),20),this.gitInv0=this.gitInv0||g(this.git0),this.gitInv1=this.gitInv1||g(this.git1),this.gitInv2=this.gitInv2||g(this.git2),this.gitInv3=this.gitInv3||g(this.git3),this.gitInv4=this.gitInv4||g(this.git4),this.gitInv5=this.gitInv5||g(this.git5),this.gitInv6=this.gitInv6||g(this.git6),this.gitInv7=this.gitInv7||g(this.git7),this.tagLabelColor=this.tagLabelColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.tagLabelBackground=this.tagLabelBackground||this.primaryColor,this.tagLabelBorder=this.tagBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.tagLabelFontSize=this.tagLabelFontSize||"10px",this.commitLabelColor=this.commitLabelColor||this.secondaryTextColor,this.commitLabelBackground=this.commitLabelBackground||this.secondaryColor,this.commitLabelFontSize=this.commitLabelFontSize||"10px",this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd=this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd||(0,k.Z)(this.background,12),this.attributeBackgroundColorEven=this.attributeBackgroundColorEven||(0,k.Z)(this.background,2)}calculate(t){if("object"!=typeof t)return void this.updateColors();const e=Object.keys(t);e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]})),this.updateColors(),e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]}))}}class Wt{constructor(){this.background="#f4f4f4",this.primaryColor="#ECECFF",this.secondaryColor=_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.secondaryColor="#ffffde",this.tertiaryColor=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-160}),this.primaryBorderColor=jt(this.primaryColor,this.darkMode),this.secondaryBorderColor=jt(this.secondaryColor,this.darkMode),this.tertiaryBorderColor=jt(this.tertiaryColor,this.darkMode),this.primaryTextColor=g(this.primaryColor),this.secondaryTextColor=g(this.secondaryColor),this.tertiaryTextColor=g(this.tertiaryColor),this.lineColor=g(this.background),this.textColor=g(this.background),this.background="white",this.mainBkg="#ECECFF",this.secondBkg="#ffffde",this.lineColor="#333333",this.border1="#9370DB",this.border2="#aaaa33",this.arrowheadColor="#333333",this.fontFamily='"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif',this.fontSize="16px",this.labelBackground="#e8e8e8",this.textColor="#333",this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT=12,this.nodeBkg="calculated",this.nodeBorder="calculated",this.clusterBkg="calculated",this.clusterBorder="calculated",this.defaultLinkColor="calculated",this.titleColor="calculated",this.edgeLabelBackground="calculated",this.actorBorder="calculated",this.actorBkg="calculated",this.actorTextColor="black",this.actorLineColor="grey",this.signalColor="calculated",this.signalTextColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBkgColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBorderColor="calculated",this.labelTextColor="calculated",this.loopTextColor="calculated",this.noteBorderColor="calculated",this.noteBkgColor="#fff5ad",this.noteTextColor="calculated",this.activationBorderColor="#666",this.activationBkgColor="#f4f4f4",this.sequenceNumberColor="white",this.sectionBkgColor="calculated",this.altSectionBkgColor="calculated",this.sectionBkgColor2="calculated",this.excludeBkgColor="#eeeeee",this.taskBorderColor="calculated",this.taskBkgColor="calculated",this.taskTextLightColor="calculated",this.taskTextColor=this.taskTextLightColor,this.taskTextDarkColor="calculated",this.taskTextOutsideColor=this.taskTextDarkColor,this.taskTextClickableColor="calculated",this.activeTaskBorderColor="calculated",this.activeTaskBkgColor="calculated",this.gridColor="calculated",this.doneTaskBkgColor="calculated",this.doneTaskBorderColor="calculated",this.critBorderColor="calculated",this.critBkgColor="calculated",this.todayLineColor="calculated",this.sectionBkgColor=f(102,102,255,.49),this.altSectionBkgColor="white",this.sectionBkgColor2="#fff400",this.taskBorderColor="#534fbc",this.taskBkgColor="#8a90dd",this.taskTextLightColor="white",this.taskTextColor="calculated",this.taskTextDarkColor="black",this.taskTextOutsideColor="calculated",this.taskTextClickableColor="#003163",this.activeTaskBorderColor="#534fbc",this.activeTaskBkgColor="#bfc7ff",this.gridColor="lightgrey",this.doneTaskBkgColor="lightgrey",this.doneTaskBorderColor="grey",this.critBorderColor="#ff8888",this.critBkgColor="red",this.todayLineColor="red",this.personBorder="calculated",this.personBkg="calculated",this.labelColor="black",this.errorBkgColor="#552222",this.errorTextColor="#552222",this.updateColors()}updateColors(){this.cScale0=this.cScale0||this.primaryColor,this.cScale1=this.cScale1||this.secondaryColor,this.cScale2=this.cScale2||this.tertiaryColor,this.cScale3=this.cScale3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:30}),this.cScale4=this.cScale4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.cScale5=this.cScale5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:90}),this.cScale6=this.cScale6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.cScale7=this.cScale7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:150}),this.cScale8=this.cScale8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:210}),this.cScale9=this.cScale9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:270}),this.cScale10=this.cScale10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:300}),this.cScale11=this.cScale11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:330}),this.cScalePeer1=this.cScalePeer1||(0,b.Z)(this.secondaryColor,45),this.cScalePeer2=this.cScalePeer2||(0,b.Z)(this.tertiaryColor,40);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScale"+t]=(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+t],10),this["cScalePeer"+t]=this["cScalePeer"+t]||(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+t],25);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleInv"+t]=this["cScaleInv"+t]||_(this["cScale"+t],{h:180});for(let t=0;t<5;t++)this["surface"+t]=this["surface"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:30,l:-(5+5*t)}),this["surfacePeer"+t]=this["surfacePeer"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:30,l:-(7+5*t)});if(this.scaleLabelColor="calculated"!==this.scaleLabelColor&&this.scaleLabelColor?this.scaleLabelColor:this.labelTextColor,"calculated"!==this.labelTextColor){this.cScaleLabel0=this.cScaleLabel0||g(this.labelTextColor),this.cScaleLabel3=this.cScaleLabel3||g(this.labelTextColor);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleLabel"+t]=this["cScaleLabel"+t]||this.labelTextColor}this.nodeBkg=this.mainBkg,this.nodeBorder=this.border1,this.clusterBkg=this.secondBkg,this.clusterBorder=this.border2,this.defaultLinkColor=this.lineColor,this.titleColor=this.textColor,this.edgeLabelBackground=this.labelBackground,this.actorBorder=(0,k.Z)(this.border1,23),this.actorBkg=this.mainBkg,this.labelBoxBkgColor=this.actorBkg,this.signalColor=this.textColor,this.signalTextColor=this.textColor,this.labelBoxBorderColor=this.actorBorder,this.labelTextColor=this.actorTextColor,this.loopTextColor=this.actorTextColor,this.noteBorderColor=this.border2,this.noteTextColor=this.actorTextColor,this.taskTextColor=this.taskTextLightColor,this.taskTextOutsideColor=this.taskTextDarkColor,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.transitionLabelColor=this.transitionLabelColor||this.textColor,this.stateLabelColor=this.stateLabelColor||this.stateBkg||this.primaryTextColor,this.stateBkg=this.stateBkg||this.mainBkg,this.labelBackgroundColor=this.labelBackgroundColor||this.stateBkg,this.compositeBackground=this.compositeBackground||this.background||this.tertiaryColor,this.altBackground=this.altBackground||"#f0f0f0",this.compositeTitleBackground=this.compositeTitleBackground||this.mainBkg,this.compositeBorder=this.compositeBorder||this.nodeBorder,this.innerEndBackground=this.nodeBorder,this.specialStateColor=this.lineColor,this.errorBkgColor=this.errorBkgColor||this.tertiaryColor,this.errorTextColor=this.errorTextColor||this.tertiaryTextColor,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.classText=this.primaryTextColor,this.fillType0=this.primaryColor,this.fillType1=this.secondaryColor,this.fillType2=_(this.primaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType3=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType4=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType5=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType6=_(this.primaryColor,{h:128}),this.fillType7=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:128}),this.pie1=this.pie1||this.primaryColor,this.pie2=this.pie2||this.secondaryColor,this.pie3=this.pie3||_(this.tertiaryColor,{l:-40}),this.pie4=this.pie4||_(this.primaryColor,{l:-10}),this.pie5=this.pie5||_(this.secondaryColor,{l:-30}),this.pie6=this.pie6||_(this.tertiaryColor,{l:-20}),this.pie7=this.pie7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60,l:-20}),this.pie8=this.pie8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60,l:-40}),this.pie9=this.pie9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120,l:-40}),this.pie10=this.pie10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60,l:-40}),this.pie11=this.pie11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-90,l:-40}),this.pie12=this.pie12||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120,l:-30}),this.pieTitleTextSize=this.pieTitleTextSize||"25px",this.pieTitleTextColor=this.pieTitleTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieSectionTextSize=this.pieSectionTextSize||"17px",this.pieSectionTextColor=this.pieSectionTextColor||this.textColor,this.pieLegendTextSize=this.pieLegendTextSize||"17px",this.pieLegendTextColor=this.pieLegendTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieStrokeColor=this.pieStrokeColor||"black",this.pieStrokeWidth=this.pieStrokeWidth||"2px",this.pieOpacity=this.pieOpacity||"0.7",this.requirementBackground=this.requirementBackground||this.primaryColor,this.requirementBorderColor=this.requirementBorderColor||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementBorderSize=this.requirementBorderSize||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementTextColor=this.requirementTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.relationColor=this.relationColor||this.lineColor,this.relationLabelBackground=this.relationLabelBackground||this.labelBackground,this.relationLabelColor=this.relationLabelColor||this.actorTextColor,this.git0=this.git0||this.primaryColor,this.git1=this.git1||this.secondaryColor,this.git2=this.git2||this.tertiaryColor,this.git3=this.git3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-30}),this.git4=this.git4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60}),this.git5=this.git5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-90}),this.git6=this.git6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.git7=this.git7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.darkMode?(this.git0=(0,k.Z)(this.git0,25),this.git1=(0,k.Z)(this.git1,25),this.git2=(0,k.Z)(this.git2,25),this.git3=(0,k.Z)(this.git3,25),this.git4=(0,k.Z)(this.git4,25),this.git5=(0,k.Z)(this.git5,25),this.git6=(0,k.Z)(this.git6,25),this.git7=(0,k.Z)(this.git7,25)):(this.git0=(0,b.Z)(this.git0,25),this.git1=(0,b.Z)(this.git1,25),this.git2=(0,b.Z)(this.git2,25),this.git3=(0,b.Z)(this.git3,25),this.git4=(0,b.Z)(this.git4,25),this.git5=(0,b.Z)(this.git5,25),this.git6=(0,b.Z)(this.git6,25),this.git7=(0,b.Z)(this.git7,25)),this.gitInv0=this.gitInv0||(0,b.Z)(g(this.git0),25),this.gitInv1=this.gitInv1||g(this.git1),this.gitInv2=this.gitInv2||g(this.git2),this.gitInv3=this.gitInv3||g(this.git3),this.gitInv4=this.gitInv4||g(this.git4),this.gitInv5=this.gitInv5||g(this.git5),this.gitInv6=this.gitInv6||g(this.git6),this.gitInv7=this.gitInv7||g(this.git7),this.gitBranchLabel0=this.gitBranchLabel0||g(this.labelTextColor),this.gitBranchLabel1=this.gitBranchLabel1||this.labelTextColor,this.gitBranchLabel2=this.gitBranchLabel2||this.labelTextColor,this.gitBranchLabel3=this.gitBranchLabel3||g(this.labelTextColor),this.gitBranchLabel4=this.gitBranchLabel4||this.labelTextColor,this.gitBranchLabel5=this.gitBranchLabel5||this.labelTextColor,this.gitBranchLabel6=this.gitBranchLabel6||this.labelTextColor,this.gitBranchLabel7=this.gitBranchLabel7||this.labelTextColor,this.tagLabelColor=this.tagLabelColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.tagLabelBackground=this.tagLabelBackground||this.primaryColor,this.tagLabelBorder=this.tagBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.tagLabelFontSize=this.tagLabelFontSize||"10px",this.commitLabelColor=this.commitLabelColor||this.secondaryTextColor,this.commitLabelBackground=this.commitLabelBackground||this.secondaryColor,this.commitLabelFontSize=this.commitLabelFontSize||"10px",this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd=this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd||Rt,this.attributeBackgroundColorEven=this.attributeBackgroundColorEven||Ht}calculate(t){if("object"!=typeof t)return void this.updateColors();const e=Object.keys(t);e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]})),this.updateColors(),e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]}))}}class zt{constructor(){this.background="#f4f4f4",this.primaryColor="#cde498",this.secondaryColor="#cdffb2",this.background="white",this.mainBkg="#cde498",this.secondBkg="#cdffb2",this.lineColor="green",this.border1="#13540c",this.border2="#6eaa49",this.arrowheadColor="green",this.fontFamily='"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif',this.fontSize="16px",this.tertiaryColor=(0,k.Z)("#cde498",10),this.primaryBorderColor=jt(this.primaryColor,this.darkMode),this.secondaryBorderColor=jt(this.secondaryColor,this.darkMode),this.tertiaryBorderColor=jt(this.tertiaryColor,this.darkMode),this.primaryTextColor=g(this.primaryColor),this.secondaryTextColor=g(this.secondaryColor),this.tertiaryTextColor=g(this.primaryColor),this.lineColor=g(this.background),this.textColor=g(this.background),this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT=12,this.nodeBkg="calculated",this.nodeBorder="calculated",this.clusterBkg="calculated",this.clusterBorder="calculated",this.defaultLinkColor="calculated",this.titleColor="#333",this.edgeLabelBackground="#e8e8e8",this.actorBorder="calculated",this.actorBkg="calculated",this.actorTextColor="black",this.actorLineColor="grey",this.signalColor="#333",this.signalTextColor="#333",this.labelBoxBkgColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBorderColor="#326932",this.labelTextColor="calculated",this.loopTextColor="calculated",this.noteBorderColor="calculated",this.noteBkgColor="#fff5ad",this.noteTextColor="calculated",this.activationBorderColor="#666",this.activationBkgColor="#f4f4f4",this.sequenceNumberColor="white",this.sectionBkgColor="#6eaa49",this.altSectionBkgColor="white",this.sectionBkgColor2="#6eaa49",this.excludeBkgColor="#eeeeee",this.taskBorderColor="calculated",this.taskBkgColor="#487e3a",this.taskTextLightColor="white",this.taskTextColor="calculated",this.taskTextDarkColor="black",this.taskTextOutsideColor="calculated",this.taskTextClickableColor="#003163",this.activeTaskBorderColor="calculated",this.activeTaskBkgColor="calculated",this.gridColor="lightgrey",this.doneTaskBkgColor="lightgrey",this.doneTaskBorderColor="grey",this.critBorderColor="#ff8888",this.critBkgColor="red",this.todayLineColor="red",this.personBorder="calculated",this.personBkg="calculated",this.labelColor="black",this.errorBkgColor="#552222",this.errorTextColor="#552222"}updateColors(){this.cScale0=this.cScale0||this.primaryColor,this.cScale1=this.cScale1||this.secondaryColor,this.cScale2=this.cScale2||this.tertiaryColor,this.cScale3=this.cScale3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:30}),this.cScale4=this.cScale4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.cScale5=this.cScale5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:90}),this.cScale6=this.cScale6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.cScale7=this.cScale7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:150}),this.cScale8=this.cScale8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:210}),this.cScale9=this.cScale9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:270}),this.cScale10=this.cScale10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:300}),this.cScale11=this.cScale11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:330}),this.cScalePeer1=this.cScalePeer1||(0,b.Z)(this.secondaryColor,45),this.cScalePeer2=this.cScalePeer2||(0,b.Z)(this.tertiaryColor,40);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScale"+t]=(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+t],10),this["cScalePeer"+t]=this["cScalePeer"+t]||(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+t],25);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleInv"+t]=this["cScaleInv"+t]||_(this["cScale"+t],{h:180});this.scaleLabelColor="calculated"!==this.scaleLabelColor&&this.scaleLabelColor?this.scaleLabelColor:this.labelTextColor;for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleLabel"+t]=this["cScaleLabel"+t]||this.scaleLabelColor;for(let t=0;t<5;t++)this["surface"+t]=this["surface"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:30,s:-30,l:-(5+5*t)}),this["surfacePeer"+t]=this["surfacePeer"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{h:30,s:-30,l:-(8+5*t)});this.nodeBkg=this.mainBkg,this.nodeBorder=this.border1,this.clusterBkg=this.secondBkg,this.clusterBorder=this.border2,this.defaultLinkColor=this.lineColor,this.actorBorder=(0,b.Z)(this.mainBkg,20),this.actorBkg=this.mainBkg,this.labelBoxBkgColor=this.actorBkg,this.labelTextColor=this.actorTextColor,this.loopTextColor=this.actorTextColor,this.noteBorderColor=this.border2,this.noteTextColor=this.actorTextColor,this.taskBorderColor=this.border1,this.taskTextColor=this.taskTextLightColor,this.taskTextOutsideColor=this.taskTextDarkColor,this.activeTaskBorderColor=this.taskBorderColor,this.activeTaskBkgColor=this.mainBkg,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.transitionLabelColor=this.transitionLabelColor||this.textColor,this.stateLabelColor=this.stateLabelColor||this.stateBkg||this.primaryTextColor,this.stateBkg=this.stateBkg||this.mainBkg,this.labelBackgroundColor=this.labelBackgroundColor||this.stateBkg,this.compositeBackground=this.compositeBackground||this.background||this.tertiaryColor,this.altBackground=this.altBackground||"#f0f0f0",this.compositeTitleBackground=this.compositeTitleBackground||this.mainBkg,this.compositeBorder=this.compositeBorder||this.nodeBorder,this.innerEndBackground=this.primaryBorderColor,this.specialStateColor=this.lineColor,this.errorBkgColor=this.errorBkgColor||this.tertiaryColor,this.errorTextColor=this.errorTextColor||this.tertiaryTextColor,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||this.lineColor,this.classText=this.primaryTextColor,this.fillType0=this.primaryColor,this.fillType1=this.secondaryColor,this.fillType2=_(this.primaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType3=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType4=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType5=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType6=_(this.primaryColor,{h:128}),this.fillType7=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:128}),this.pie1=this.pie1||this.primaryColor,this.pie2=this.pie2||this.secondaryColor,this.pie3=this.pie3||this.tertiaryColor,this.pie4=this.pie4||_(this.primaryColor,{l:-30}),this.pie5=this.pie5||_(this.secondaryColor,{l:-30}),this.pie6=this.pie6||_(this.tertiaryColor,{h:40,l:-40}),this.pie7=this.pie7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60,l:-10}),this.pie8=this.pie8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60,l:-10}),this.pie9=this.pie9||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120,l:0}),this.pie10=this.pie10||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60,l:-50}),this.pie11=this.pie11||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60,l:-50}),this.pie12=this.pie12||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120,l:-50}),this.pieTitleTextSize=this.pieTitleTextSize||"25px",this.pieTitleTextColor=this.pieTitleTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieSectionTextSize=this.pieSectionTextSize||"17px",this.pieSectionTextColor=this.pieSectionTextColor||this.textColor,this.pieLegendTextSize=this.pieLegendTextSize||"17px",this.pieLegendTextColor=this.pieLegendTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieStrokeColor=this.pieStrokeColor||"black",this.pieStrokeWidth=this.pieStrokeWidth||"2px",this.pieOpacity=this.pieOpacity||"0.7",this.requirementBackground=this.requirementBackground||this.primaryColor,this.requirementBorderColor=this.requirementBorderColor||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementBorderSize=this.requirementBorderSize||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementTextColor=this.requirementTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.relationColor=this.relationColor||this.lineColor,this.relationLabelBackground=this.relationLabelBackground||this.edgeLabelBackground,this.relationLabelColor=this.relationLabelColor||this.actorTextColor,this.git0=this.git0||this.primaryColor,this.git1=this.git1||this.secondaryColor,this.git2=this.git2||this.tertiaryColor,this.git3=this.git3||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-30}),this.git4=this.git4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60}),this.git5=this.git5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-90}),this.git6=this.git6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.git7=this.git7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.darkMode?(this.git0=(0,k.Z)(this.git0,25),this.git1=(0,k.Z)(this.git1,25),this.git2=(0,k.Z)(this.git2,25),this.git3=(0,k.Z)(this.git3,25),this.git4=(0,k.Z)(this.git4,25),this.git5=(0,k.Z)(this.git5,25),this.git6=(0,k.Z)(this.git6,25),this.git7=(0,k.Z)(this.git7,25)):(this.git0=(0,b.Z)(this.git0,25),this.git1=(0,b.Z)(this.git1,25),this.git2=(0,b.Z)(this.git2,25),this.git3=(0,b.Z)(this.git3,25),this.git4=(0,b.Z)(this.git4,25),this.git5=(0,b.Z)(this.git5,25),this.git6=(0,b.Z)(this.git6,25),this.git7=(0,b.Z)(this.git7,25)),this.gitInv0=this.gitInv0||g(this.git0),this.gitInv1=this.gitInv1||g(this.git1),this.gitInv2=this.gitInv2||g(this.git2),this.gitInv3=this.gitInv3||g(this.git3),this.gitInv4=this.gitInv4||g(this.git4),this.gitInv5=this.gitInv5||g(this.git5),this.gitInv6=this.gitInv6||g(this.git6),this.gitInv7=this.gitInv7||g(this.git7),this.tagLabelColor=this.tagLabelColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.tagLabelBackground=this.tagLabelBackground||this.primaryColor,this.tagLabelBorder=this.tagBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.tagLabelFontSize=this.tagLabelFontSize||"10px",this.commitLabelColor=this.commitLabelColor||this.secondaryTextColor,this.commitLabelBackground=this.commitLabelBackground||this.secondaryColor,this.commitLabelFontSize=this.commitLabelFontSize||"10px",this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd=this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd||Rt,this.attributeBackgroundColorEven=this.attributeBackgroundColorEven||Ht}calculate(t){if("object"!=typeof t)return void this.updateColors();const e=Object.keys(t);e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]})),this.updateColors(),e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]}))}}class Ut{constructor(){this.primaryColor="#eee",this.contrast="#707070",this.secondaryColor=(0,k.Z)(this.contrast,55),this.background="#ffffff",this.tertiaryColor=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-160}),this.primaryBorderColor=jt(this.primaryColor,this.darkMode),this.secondaryBorderColor=jt(this.secondaryColor,this.darkMode),this.tertiaryBorderColor=jt(this.tertiaryColor,this.darkMode),this.primaryTextColor=g(this.primaryColor),this.secondaryTextColor=g(this.secondaryColor),this.tertiaryTextColor=g(this.tertiaryColor),this.lineColor=g(this.background),this.textColor=g(this.background),this.mainBkg="#eee",this.secondBkg="calculated",this.lineColor="#666",this.border1="#999",this.border2="calculated",this.note="#ffa",this.text="#333",this.critical="#d42",this.done="#bbb",this.arrowheadColor="#333333",this.fontFamily='"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif',this.fontSize="16px",this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT=12,this.nodeBkg="calculated",this.nodeBorder="calculated",this.clusterBkg="calculated",this.clusterBorder="calculated",this.defaultLinkColor="calculated",this.titleColor="calculated",this.edgeLabelBackground="white",this.actorBorder="calculated",this.actorBkg="calculated",this.actorTextColor="calculated",this.actorLineColor="calculated",this.signalColor="calculated",this.signalTextColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBkgColor="calculated",this.labelBoxBorderColor="calculated",this.labelTextColor="calculated",this.loopTextColor="calculated",this.noteBorderColor="calculated",this.noteBkgColor="calculated",this.noteTextColor="calculated",this.activationBorderColor="#666",this.activationBkgColor="#f4f4f4",this.sequenceNumberColor="white",this.sectionBkgColor="calculated",this.altSectionBkgColor="white",this.sectionBkgColor2="calculated",this.excludeBkgColor="#eeeeee",this.taskBorderColor="calculated",this.taskBkgColor="calculated",this.taskTextLightColor="white",this.taskTextColor="calculated",this.taskTextDarkColor="calculated",this.taskTextOutsideColor="calculated",this.taskTextClickableColor="#003163",this.activeTaskBorderColor="calculated",this.activeTaskBkgColor="calculated",this.gridColor="calculated",this.doneTaskBkgColor="calculated",this.doneTaskBorderColor="calculated",this.critBkgColor="calculated",this.critBorderColor="calculated",this.todayLineColor="calculated",this.personBorder="calculated",this.personBkg="calculated",this.labelColor="black",this.errorBkgColor="#552222",this.errorTextColor="#552222"}updateColors(){this.secondBkg=(0,k.Z)(this.contrast,55),this.border2=this.contrast,this.cScale0=this.cScale0||"#555",this.cScale1=this.cScale1||"#F4F4F4",this.cScale2=this.cScale2||"#555",this.cScale3=this.cScale3||"#BBB",this.cScale4=this.cScale4||"#777",this.cScale5=this.cScale5||"#999",this.cScale6=this.cScale6||"#DDD",this.cScale7=this.cScale7||"#FFF",this.cScale8=this.cScale8||"#DDD",this.cScale9=this.cScale9||"#BBB",this.cScale10=this.cScale10||"#999",this.cScale11=this.cScale11||"#777";for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleInv"+t]=this["cScaleInv"+t]||g(this["cScale"+t]);for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this.darkMode?this["cScalePeer"+t]=this["cScalePeer"+t]||(0,k.Z)(this["cScale"+t],10):this["cScalePeer"+t]=this["cScalePeer"+t]||(0,b.Z)(this["cScale"+t],10);this.scaleLabelColor=this.scaleLabelColor||(this.darkMode?"black":this.labelTextColor),this.cScaleLabel0=this.cScaleLabel0||this.cScale1,this.cScaleLabel2=this.cScaleLabel2||this.cScale1;for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["cScaleLabel"+t]=this["cScaleLabel"+t]||this.scaleLabelColor;for(let t=0;t<5;t++)this["surface"+t]=this["surface"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{l:-(5+5*t)}),this["surfacePeer"+t]=this["surfacePeer"+t]||_(this.mainBkg,{l:-(8+5*t)});this.nodeBkg=this.mainBkg,this.nodeBorder=this.border1,this.clusterBkg=this.secondBkg,this.clusterBorder=this.border2,this.defaultLinkColor=this.lineColor,this.titleColor=this.text,this.actorBorder=(0,k.Z)(this.border1,23),this.actorBkg=this.mainBkg,this.actorTextColor=this.text,this.actorLineColor=this.lineColor,this.signalColor=this.text,this.signalTextColor=this.text,this.labelBoxBkgColor=this.actorBkg,this.labelBoxBorderColor=this.actorBorder,this.labelTextColor=this.text,this.loopTextColor=this.text,this.noteBorderColor="#999",this.noteBkgColor="#666",this.noteTextColor="#fff",this.sectionBkgColor=(0,k.Z)(this.contrast,30),this.sectionBkgColor2=(0,k.Z)(this.contrast,30),this.taskBorderColor=(0,b.Z)(this.contrast,10),this.taskBkgColor=this.contrast,this.taskTextColor=this.taskTextLightColor,this.taskTextDarkColor=this.text,this.taskTextOutsideColor=this.taskTextDarkColor,this.activeTaskBorderColor=this.taskBorderColor,this.activeTaskBkgColor=this.mainBkg,this.gridColor=(0,k.Z)(this.border1,30),this.doneTaskBkgColor=this.done,this.doneTaskBorderColor=this.lineColor,this.critBkgColor=this.critical,this.critBorderColor=(0,b.Z)(this.critBkgColor,10),this.todayLineColor=this.critBkgColor,this.transitionColor=this.transitionColor||"#000",this.transitionLabelColor=this.transitionLabelColor||this.textColor,this.stateLabelColor=this.stateLabelColor||this.stateBkg||this.primaryTextColor,this.stateBkg=this.stateBkg||this.mainBkg,this.labelBackgroundColor=this.labelBackgroundColor||this.stateBkg,this.compositeBackground=this.compositeBackground||this.background||this.tertiaryColor,this.altBackground=this.altBackground||"#f4f4f4",this.compositeTitleBackground=this.compositeTitleBackground||this.mainBkg,this.stateBorder=this.stateBorder||"#000",this.innerEndBackground=this.primaryBorderColor,this.specialStateColor="#222",this.errorBkgColor=this.errorBkgColor||this.tertiaryColor,this.errorTextColor=this.errorTextColor||this.tertiaryTextColor,this.classText=this.primaryTextColor,this.fillType0=this.primaryColor,this.fillType1=this.secondaryColor,this.fillType2=_(this.primaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType3=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:64}),this.fillType4=_(this.primaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType5=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:-64}),this.fillType6=_(this.primaryColor,{h:128}),this.fillType7=_(this.secondaryColor,{h:128});for(let t=0;t<this.THEME_COLOR_LIMIT;t++)this["pie"+t]=this["cScale"+t];this.pie12=this.pie0,this.pieTitleTextSize=this.pieTitleTextSize||"25px",this.pieTitleTextColor=this.pieTitleTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieSectionTextSize=this.pieSectionTextSize||"17px",this.pieSectionTextColor=this.pieSectionTextColor||this.textColor,this.pieLegendTextSize=this.pieLegendTextSize||"17px",this.pieLegendTextColor=this.pieLegendTextColor||this.taskTextDarkColor,this.pieStrokeColor=this.pieStrokeColor||"black",this.pieStrokeWidth=this.pieStrokeWidth||"2px",this.pieOpacity=this.pieOpacity||"0.7",this.requirementBackground=this.requirementBackground||this.primaryColor,this.requirementBorderColor=this.requirementBorderColor||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementBorderSize=this.requirementBorderSize||this.primaryBorderColor,this.requirementTextColor=this.requirementTextColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.relationColor=this.relationColor||this.lineColor,this.relationLabelBackground=this.relationLabelBackground||this.edgeLabelBackground,this.relationLabelColor=this.relationLabelColor||this.actorTextColor,this.git0=(0,b.Z)(this.pie1,25)||this.primaryColor,this.git1=this.pie2||this.secondaryColor,this.git2=this.pie3||this.tertiaryColor,this.git3=this.pie4||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-30}),this.git4=this.pie5||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-60}),this.git5=this.pie6||_(this.primaryColor,{h:-90}),this.git6=this.pie7||_(this.primaryColor,{h:60}),this.git7=this.pie8||_(this.primaryColor,{h:120}),this.gitInv0=this.gitInv0||g(this.git0),this.gitInv1=this.gitInv1||g(this.git1),this.gitInv2=this.gitInv2||g(this.git2),this.gitInv3=this.gitInv3||g(this.git3),this.gitInv4=this.gitInv4||g(this.git4),this.gitInv5=this.gitInv5||g(this.git5),this.gitInv6=this.gitInv6||g(this.git6),this.gitInv7=this.gitInv7||g(this.git7),this.branchLabelColor=this.branchLabelColor||this.labelTextColor,this.gitBranchLabel0=this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel1="white",this.gitBranchLabel2=this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel3="white",this.gitBranchLabel4=this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel5=this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel6=this.branchLabelColor,this.gitBranchLabel7=this.branchLabelColor,this.tagLabelColor=this.tagLabelColor||this.primaryTextColor,this.tagLabelBackground=this.tagLabelBackground||this.primaryColor,this.tagLabelBorder=this.tagBorder||this.primaryBorderColor,this.tagLabelFontSize=this.tagLabelFontSize||"10px",this.commitLabelColor=this.commitLabelColor||this.secondaryTextColor,this.commitLabelBackground=this.commitLabelBackground||this.secondaryColor,this.commitLabelFontSize=this.commitLabelFontSize||"10px",this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd=this.attributeBackgroundColorOdd||Rt,this.attributeBackgroundColorEven=this.attributeBackgroundColorEven||Ht}calculate(t){if("object"!=typeof t)return void this.updateColors();const e=Object.keys(t);e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]})),this.updateColors(),e.forEach((e=>{this[e]=t[e]}))}}const qt={base:{getThemeVariables:t=>{const e=new $t;return e.calculate(t),e}},dark:{getThemeVariables:t=>{const e=new Zt;return e.calculate(t),e}},default:{getThemeVariables:t=>{const e=new Wt;return e.calculate(t),e}},forest:{getThemeVariables:t=>{const e=new zt;return e.calculate(t),e}},neutral:{getThemeVariables:t=>{const e=new Ut;return e.calculate(t),e}}},Vt={theme:"default",themeVariables:qt.default.getThemeVariables(),themeCSS:void 0,maxTextSize:5e4,darkMode:!1,fontFamily:'"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif;',logLevel:5,securityLevel:"strict",startOnLoad:!0,arrowMarkerAbsolute:!1,secure:["secure","securityLevel","startOnLoad","maxTextSize"],deterministicIds:!1,deterministicIDSeed:void 0,flowchart:{titleTopMargin:25,diagramPadding:8,htmlLabels:!0,nodeSpacing:50,rankSpacing:50,curve:"basis",padding:15,useMaxWidth:!0,defaultRenderer:"dagre-wrapper"},sequence:{hideUnusedParticipants:!1,activationWidth:10,diagramMarginX:50,diagramMarginY:10,actorMargin:50,width:150,height:65,boxMargin:10,boxTextMargin:5,noteMargin:10,messageMargin:35,messageAlign:"center",mirrorActors:!0,forceMenus:!1,bottomMarginAdj:1,useMaxWidth:!0,rightAngles:!1,showSequenceNumbers:!1,actorFontSize:14,actorFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',actorFontWeight:400,noteFontSize:14,noteFontFamily:'"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif',noteFontWeight:400,noteAlign:"center",messageFontSize:16,messageFontFamily:'"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif',messageFontWeight:400,wrap:!1,wrapPadding:10,labelBoxWidth:50,labelBoxHeight:20,messageFont:function(){return{fontFamily:this.messageFontFamily,fontSize:this.messageFontSize,fontWeight:this.messageFontWeight}},noteFont:function(){return{fontFamily:this.noteFontFamily,fontSize:this.noteFontSize,fontWeight:this.noteFontWeight}},actorFont:function(){return{fontFamily:this.actorFontFamily,fontSize:this.actorFontSize,fontWeight:this.actorFontWeight}}},gantt:{titleTopMargin:25,barHeight:20,barGap:4,topPadding:50,rightPadding:75,leftPadding:75,gridLineStartPadding:35,fontSize:11,sectionFontSize:11,numberSectionStyles:4,axisFormat:"%Y-%m-%d",tickInterval:void 0,useMaxWidth:!0,topAxis:!1,useWidth:void 0},journey:{diagramMarginX:50,diagramMarginY:10,leftMargin:150,width:150,height:50,boxMargin:10,boxTextMargin:5,noteMargin:10,messageMargin:35,messageAlign:"center",bottomMarginAdj:1,useMaxWidth:!0,rightAngles:!1,taskFontSize:14,taskFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',taskMargin:50,activationWidth:10,textPlacement:"fo",actorColours:["#8FBC8F","#7CFC00","#00FFFF","#20B2AA","#B0E0E6","#FFFFE0"],sectionFills:["#191970","#8B008B","#4B0082","#2F4F4F","#800000","#8B4513","#00008B"],sectionColours:["#fff"]},timeline:{diagramMarginX:50,diagramMarginY:10,leftMargin:150,width:150,height:50,boxMargin:10,boxTextMargin:5,noteMargin:10,messageMargin:35,messageAlign:"center",bottomMarginAdj:1,useMaxWidth:!0,rightAngles:!1,taskFontSize:14,taskFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',taskMargin:50,activationWidth:10,textPlacement:"fo",actorColours:["#8FBC8F","#7CFC00","#00FFFF","#20B2AA","#B0E0E6","#FFFFE0"],sectionFills:["#191970","#8B008B","#4B0082","#2F4F4F","#800000","#8B4513","#00008B"],sectionColours:["#fff"],disableMulticolor:!1},class:{titleTopMargin:25,arrowMarkerAbsolute:!1,dividerMargin:10,padding:5,textHeight:10,useMaxWidth:!0,defaultRenderer:"dagre-wrapper"},state:{titleTopMargin:25,dividerMargin:10,sizeUnit:5,padding:8,textHeight:10,titleShift:-15,noteMargin:10,forkWidth:70,forkHeight:7,miniPadding:2,fontSizeFactor:5.02,fontSize:24,labelHeight:16,edgeLengthFactor:"20",compositTitleSize:35,radius:5,useMaxWidth:!0,defaultRenderer:"dagre-wrapper"},er:{titleTopMargin:25,diagramPadding:20,layoutDirection:"TB",minEntityWidth:100,minEntityHeight:75,entityPadding:15,stroke:"gray",fill:"honeydew",fontSize:12,useMaxWidth:!0},pie:{useWidth:void 0,useMaxWidth:!0},requirement:{useWidth:void 0,useMaxWidth:!0,rect_fill:"#f9f9f9",text_color:"#333",rect_border_size:"0.5px",rect_border_color:"#bbb",rect_min_width:200,rect_min_height:200,fontSize:14,rect_padding:10,line_height:20},gitGraph:{titleTopMargin:25,diagramPadding:8,nodeLabel:{width:75,height:100,x:-25,y:0},mainBranchName:"main",mainBranchOrder:0,showCommitLabel:!0,showBranches:!0,rotateCommitLabel:!0},c4:{useWidth:void 0,diagramMarginX:50,diagramMarginY:10,c4ShapeMargin:50,c4ShapePadding:20,width:216,height:60,boxMargin:10,useMaxWidth:!0,c4ShapeInRow:4,nextLinePaddingX:0,c4BoundaryInRow:2,personFontSize:14,personFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',personFontWeight:"normal",external_personFontSize:14,external_personFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_personFontWeight:"normal",systemFontSize:14,systemFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',systemFontWeight:"normal",external_systemFontSize:14,external_systemFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_systemFontWeight:"normal",system_dbFontSize:14,system_dbFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',system_dbFontWeight:"normal",external_system_dbFontSize:14,external_system_dbFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_system_dbFontWeight:"normal",system_queueFontSize:14,system_queueFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',system_queueFontWeight:"normal",external_system_queueFontSize:14,external_system_queueFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_system_queueFontWeight:"normal",boundaryFontSize:14,boundaryFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',boundaryFontWeight:"normal",messageFontSize:12,messageFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',messageFontWeight:"normal",containerFontSize:14,containerFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',containerFontWeight:"normal",external_containerFontSize:14,external_containerFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_containerFontWeight:"normal",container_dbFontSize:14,container_dbFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',container_dbFontWeight:"normal",external_container_dbFontSize:14,external_container_dbFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_container_dbFontWeight:"normal",container_queueFontSize:14,container_queueFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',container_queueFontWeight:"normal",external_container_queueFontSize:14,external_container_queueFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_container_queueFontWeight:"normal",componentFontSize:14,componentFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',componentFontWeight:"normal",external_componentFontSize:14,external_componentFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_componentFontWeight:"normal",component_dbFontSize:14,component_dbFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',component_dbFontWeight:"normal",external_component_dbFontSize:14,external_component_dbFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',external_component_dbFontWeight:"normal",component_queueFontSize:14,component_queueFontFamily:'"Open Sans", sans-serif',component_queueFontWeight:"normal",external_component_queueFontSize:14,external_component_queueFontFamily:'"Open Sans", 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rect {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n}\n.label text {\n fill: ${t.classText};\n}\n.edgeLabel .label span {\n background: ${t.mainBkg};\n}\n\n.classTitle {\n font-weight: bolder;\n}\n.node rect,\n .node circle,\n .node ellipse,\n .node polygon,\n .node path {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n }\n\n\n.divider {\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n stroke: 1;\n}\n\ng.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\ng.classGroup rect {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n}\n\ng.classGroup line {\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n.classLabel .box {\n stroke: none;\n stroke-width: 0;\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n opacity: 0.5;\n}\n\n.classLabel .label {\n fill: ${t.nodeBorder};\n font-size: 10px;\n}\n\n.relation {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n stroke-width: 1;\n fill: none;\n}\n\n.dashed-line{\n stroke-dasharray: 3;\n}\n\n.dotted-line{\n stroke-dasharray: 1 2;\n}\n\n#compositionStart, .composition {\n fill: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#compositionEnd, .composition {\n fill: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#dependencyStart, .dependency {\n fill: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#dependencyStart, .dependency {\n fill: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#extensionStart, .extension {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#extensionEnd, .extension {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#aggregationStart, .aggregation {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#aggregationEnd, .aggregation {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#lollipopStart, .lollipop {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n#lollipopEnd, .lollipop {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg} !important;\n stroke: ${t.lineColor} !important;\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n.edgeTerminals {\n font-size: 11px;\n}\n\n.classTitleText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-size: 18px;\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n}\n`,pr=t=>`\n .entityBox {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n }\n\n .attributeBoxOdd {\n fill: ${t.attributeBackgroundColorOdd};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n }\n\n .attributeBoxEven {\n fill: ${t.attributeBackgroundColorEven};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n }\n\n .relationshipLabelBox {\n fill: ${t.tertiaryColor};\n opacity: 0.7;\n background-color: ${t.tertiaryColor};\n rect {\n opacity: 0.5;\n }\n }\n\n .relationshipLine {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n }\n\n .entityTitleText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-size: 18px;\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n } \n`,fr=()=>"",yr=t=>`.label {\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n color: ${t.nodeTextColor||t.textColor};\n }\n .cluster-label text {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n .cluster-label span {\n color: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n .label text,span {\n fill: ${t.nodeTextColor||t.textColor};\n color: ${t.nodeTextColor||t.textColor};\n }\n\n .node rect,\n .node circle,\n .node ellipse,\n .node polygon,\n .node path {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n }\n\n .node .label {\n text-align: center;\n }\n .node.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n\n .arrowheadPath {\n fill: ${t.arrowheadColor};\n }\n\n .edgePath .path {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n stroke-width: 2.0px;\n }\n\n .flowchart-link {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n fill: none;\n }\n\n .edgeLabel {\n background-color: ${t.edgeLabelBackground};\n rect {\n opacity: 0.5;\n background-color: ${t.edgeLabelBackground};\n fill: ${t.edgeLabelBackground};\n }\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .cluster rect {\n fill: ${t.clusterBkg};\n stroke: ${t.clusterBorder};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n }\n\n .cluster text {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n .cluster span {\n color: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n /* .cluster div {\n color: ${t.titleColor};\n } */\n\n div.mermaidTooltip {\n position: absolute;\n text-align: center;\n max-width: 200px;\n padding: 2px;\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n font-size: 12px;\n background: ${t.tertiaryColor};\n border: 1px solid ${t.border2};\n border-radius: 2px;\n pointer-events: none;\n z-index: 100;\n }\n\n .flowchartTitleText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-size: 18px;\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n }\n`,gr=t=>`\n .mermaid-main-font {\n font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n }\n .exclude-range {\n fill: ${t.excludeBkgColor};\n }\n\n .section {\n stroke: none;\n opacity: 0.2;\n }\n\n .section0 {\n fill: ${t.sectionBkgColor};\n }\n\n .section2 {\n fill: ${t.sectionBkgColor2};\n }\n\n .section1,\n .section3 {\n fill: ${t.altSectionBkgColor};\n opacity: 0.2;\n }\n\n .sectionTitle0 {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n .sectionTitle1 {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n .sectionTitle2 {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n .sectionTitle3 {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n .sectionTitle {\n text-anchor: start;\n // font-size: ${t.ganttFontSize};\n // text-height: 14px;\n font-family: 'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n\n }\n\n\n /* Grid and axis */\n\n .grid .tick {\n stroke: ${t.gridColor};\n opacity: 0.8;\n shape-rendering: crispEdges;\n text {\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n }\n }\n\n .grid path {\n stroke-width: 0;\n }\n\n\n /* Today line */\n\n .today {\n fill: none;\n stroke: ${t.todayLineColor};\n stroke-width: 2px;\n }\n\n\n /* Task styling */\n\n /* Default task */\n\n .task {\n stroke-width: 2;\n }\n\n .taskText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-family: 'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n }\n\n // .taskText:not([font-size]) {\n // font-size: ${t.ganttFontSize};\n // }\n\n .taskTextOutsideRight {\n fill: ${t.taskTextDarkColor};\n text-anchor: start;\n // font-size: ${t.ganttFontSize};\n font-family: 'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n\n }\n\n .taskTextOutsideLeft {\n fill: ${t.taskTextDarkColor};\n text-anchor: end;\n // font-size: ${t.ganttFontSize};\n }\n\n /* Special case clickable */\n .task.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n .taskText.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n fill: ${t.taskTextClickableColor} !important;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n .taskTextOutsideLeft.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n fill: ${t.taskTextClickableColor} !important;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n .taskTextOutsideRight.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n fill: ${t.taskTextClickableColor} !important;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n /* Specific task settings for the sections*/\n\n .taskText0,\n .taskText1,\n .taskText2,\n .taskText3 {\n fill: ${t.taskTextColor};\n }\n\n .task0,\n .task1,\n .task2,\n .task3 {\n fill: ${t.taskBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.taskBorderColor};\n }\n\n .taskTextOutside0,\n .taskTextOutside2\n {\n fill: ${t.taskTextOutsideColor};\n }\n\n .taskTextOutside1,\n .taskTextOutside3 {\n fill: ${t.taskTextOutsideColor};\n }\n\n\n /* Active task */\n\n .active0,\n .active1,\n .active2,\n .active3 {\n fill: ${t.activeTaskBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.activeTaskBorderColor};\n }\n\n .activeText0,\n .activeText1,\n .activeText2,\n .activeText3 {\n fill: ${t.taskTextDarkColor} !important;\n }\n\n\n /* Completed task */\n\n .done0,\n .done1,\n .done2,\n .done3 {\n stroke: ${t.doneTaskBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.doneTaskBkgColor};\n stroke-width: 2;\n }\n\n .doneText0,\n .doneText1,\n .doneText2,\n .doneText3 {\n fill: ${t.taskTextDarkColor} !important;\n }\n\n\n /* Tasks on the critical line */\n\n .crit0,\n .crit1,\n .crit2,\n .crit3 {\n stroke: ${t.critBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.critBkgColor};\n stroke-width: 2;\n }\n\n .activeCrit0,\n .activeCrit1,\n .activeCrit2,\n .activeCrit3 {\n stroke: ${t.critBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.activeTaskBkgColor};\n stroke-width: 2;\n }\n\n .doneCrit0,\n .doneCrit1,\n .doneCrit2,\n .doneCrit3 {\n stroke: ${t.critBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.doneTaskBkgColor};\n stroke-width: 2;\n cursor: pointer;\n shape-rendering: crispEdges;\n }\n\n .milestone {\n transform: rotate(45deg) scale(0.8,0.8);\n }\n\n .milestoneText {\n font-style: italic;\n }\n .doneCritText0,\n .doneCritText1,\n .doneCritText2,\n .doneCritText3 {\n fill: ${t.taskTextDarkColor} !important;\n }\n\n .activeCritText0,\n .activeCritText1,\n .activeCritText2,\n .activeCritText3 {\n fill: ${t.taskTextDarkColor} !important;\n }\n\n .titleText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-size: 18px;\n fill: ${t.textColor} ;\n font-family: 'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n }\n`,br=()=>"",kr=t=>`\n .pieCircle{\n stroke: ${t.pieStrokeColor};\n stroke-width : ${t.pieStrokeWidth};\n opacity : ${t.pieOpacity};\n }\n .pieTitleText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-size: ${t.pieTitleTextSize};\n fill: ${t.pieTitleTextColor};\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n }\n .slice {\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n fill: ${t.pieSectionTextColor};\n font-size:${t.pieSectionTextSize};\n // fill: white;\n }\n .legend text {\n fill: ${t.pieLegendTextColor};\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n font-size: ${t.pieLegendTextSize};\n }\n`,vr=t=>`\n\n marker {\n fill: ${t.relationColor};\n stroke: ${t.relationColor};\n }\n\n marker.cross {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n }\n\n svg {\n font-family: ${t.fontFamily};\n font-size: ${t.fontSize};\n }\n\n .reqBox {\n fill: ${t.requirementBackground};\n fill-opacity: 100%;\n stroke: ${t.requirementBorderColor};\n stroke-width: ${t.requirementBorderSize};\n }\n \n .reqTitle, .reqLabel{\n fill: ${t.requirementTextColor};\n }\n .reqLabelBox {\n fill: ${t.relationLabelBackground};\n fill-opacity: 100%;\n }\n\n .req-title-line {\n stroke: ${t.requirementBorderColor};\n stroke-width: ${t.requirementBorderSize};\n }\n .relationshipLine {\n stroke: ${t.relationColor};\n stroke-width: 1;\n }\n .relationshipLabel {\n fill: ${t.relationLabelColor};\n }\n\n`,xr=t=>`.actor {\n stroke: ${t.actorBorder};\n fill: ${t.actorBkg};\n }\n\n text.actor > tspan {\n fill: ${t.actorTextColor};\n stroke: none;\n }\n\n .actor-line {\n stroke: ${t.actorLineColor};\n }\n\n .messageLine0 {\n stroke-width: 1.5;\n stroke-dasharray: none;\n stroke: ${t.signalColor};\n }\n\n .messageLine1 {\n stroke-width: 1.5;\n stroke-dasharray: 2, 2;\n stroke: ${t.signalColor};\n }\n\n #arrowhead path {\n fill: ${t.signalColor};\n stroke: ${t.signalColor};\n }\n\n .sequenceNumber {\n fill: ${t.sequenceNumberColor};\n }\n\n #sequencenumber {\n fill: ${t.signalColor};\n }\n\n #crosshead path {\n fill: ${t.signalColor};\n stroke: ${t.signalColor};\n }\n\n .messageText {\n fill: ${t.signalTextColor};\n stroke: none;\n }\n\n .labelBox {\n stroke: ${t.labelBoxBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.labelBoxBkgColor};\n }\n\n .labelText, .labelText > tspan {\n fill: ${t.labelTextColor};\n stroke: none;\n }\n\n .loopText, .loopText > tspan {\n fill: ${t.loopTextColor};\n stroke: none;\n }\n\n .loopLine {\n stroke-width: 2px;\n stroke-dasharray: 2, 2;\n stroke: ${t.labelBoxBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.labelBoxBorderColor};\n }\n\n .note {\n //stroke: #decc93;\n stroke: ${t.noteBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.noteBkgColor};\n }\n\n .noteText, .noteText > tspan {\n fill: ${t.noteTextColor};\n stroke: none;\n }\n\n .activation0 {\n fill: ${t.activationBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.activationBorderColor};\n }\n\n .activation1 {\n fill: ${t.activationBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.activationBorderColor};\n }\n\n .activation2 {\n fill: ${t.activationBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.activationBorderColor};\n }\n\n .actorPopupMenu {\n position: absolute;\n }\n\n .actorPopupMenuPanel {\n position: absolute;\n fill: ${t.actorBkg};\n box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n filter: drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));\n}\n .actor-man line {\n stroke: ${t.actorBorder};\n fill: ${t.actorBkg};\n }\n .actor-man circle, line {\n stroke: ${t.actorBorder};\n fill: ${t.actorBkg};\n stroke-width: 2px;\n }\n`,Mr=t=>`\ndefs #statediagram-barbEnd {\n fill: ${t.transitionColor};\n stroke: ${t.transitionColor};\n }\ng.stateGroup text {\n fill: ${t.nodeBorder};\n stroke: none;\n font-size: 10px;\n}\ng.stateGroup text {\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n stroke: none;\n font-size: 10px;\n\n}\ng.stateGroup .state-title {\n font-weight: bolder;\n fill: ${t.stateLabelColor};\n}\n\ng.stateGroup rect {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n}\n\ng.stateGroup line {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n.transition {\n stroke: ${t.transitionColor};\n stroke-width: 1;\n fill: none;\n}\n\n.stateGroup .composit {\n fill: ${t.background};\n border-bottom: 1px\n}\n\n.stateGroup .alt-composit {\n fill: #e0e0e0;\n border-bottom: 1px\n}\n\n.state-note {\n stroke: ${t.noteBorderColor};\n fill: ${t.noteBkgColor};\n\n text {\n fill: ${t.noteTextColor};\n stroke: none;\n font-size: 10px;\n }\n}\n\n.stateLabel .box {\n stroke: none;\n stroke-width: 0;\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n opacity: 0.5;\n}\n\n.edgeLabel .label rect {\n fill: ${t.labelBackgroundColor};\n opacity: 0.5;\n}\n.edgeLabel .label text {\n fill: ${t.transitionLabelColor||t.tertiaryTextColor};\n}\n.label div .edgeLabel {\n color: ${t.transitionLabelColor||t.tertiaryTextColor};\n}\n\n.stateLabel text {\n fill: ${t.stateLabelColor};\n font-size: 10px;\n font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.node circle.state-start {\n fill: ${t.specialStateColor};\n stroke: ${t.specialStateColor};\n}\n\n.node .fork-join {\n fill: ${t.specialStateColor};\n stroke: ${t.specialStateColor};\n}\n\n.node circle.state-end {\n fill: ${t.innerEndBackground};\n stroke: ${t.background};\n stroke-width: 1.5\n}\n.end-state-inner {\n fill: ${t.compositeBackground||t.background};\n // stroke: ${t.background};\n stroke-width: 1.5\n}\n\n.node rect {\n fill: ${t.stateBkg||t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.stateBorder||t.nodeBorder};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n}\n.node polygon {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.stateBorder||t.nodeBorder};;\n stroke-width: 1px;\n}\n#statediagram-barbEnd {\n fill: ${t.lineColor};\n}\n\n.statediagram-cluster rect {\n fill: ${t.compositeTitleBackground};\n stroke: ${t.stateBorder||t.nodeBorder};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n}\n\n.cluster-label, .nodeLabel {\n color: ${t.stateLabelColor};\n}\n\n.statediagram-cluster rect.outer {\n rx: 5px;\n ry: 5px;\n}\n.statediagram-state .divider {\n stroke: ${t.stateBorder||t.nodeBorder};\n}\n\n.statediagram-state .title-state {\n rx: 5px;\n ry: 5px;\n}\n.statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster .inner {\n fill: ${t.compositeBackground||t.background};\n}\n.statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner {\n fill: ${t.altBackground?t.altBackground:"#efefef"};\n}\n\n.statediagram-cluster .inner {\n rx:0;\n ry:0;\n}\n\n.statediagram-state rect.basic {\n rx: 5px;\n ry: 5px;\n}\n.statediagram-state rect.divider {\n stroke-dasharray: 10,10;\n fill: ${t.altBackground?t.altBackground:"#efefef"};\n}\n\n.note-edge {\n stroke-dasharray: 5;\n}\n\n.statediagram-note rect {\n fill: ${t.noteBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.noteBorderColor};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n rx: 0;\n ry: 0;\n}\n.statediagram-note rect {\n fill: ${t.noteBkgColor};\n stroke: ${t.noteBorderColor};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n rx: 0;\n ry: 0;\n}\n\n.statediagram-note text {\n fill: ${t.noteTextColor};\n}\n\n.statediagram-note .nodeLabel {\n color: ${t.noteTextColor};\n}\n.statediagram .edgeLabel {\n color: red; // ${t.noteTextColor};\n}\n\n#dependencyStart, #dependencyEnd {\n fill: ${t.lineColor};\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n stroke-width: 1;\n}\n\n.statediagramTitleText {\n text-anchor: middle;\n font-size: 18px;\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n}\n`,Lr=t=>`.label {\n font-family: 'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n color: ${t.textColor};\n }\n .mouth {\n stroke: #666;\n }\n\n line {\n stroke: ${t.textColor}\n }\n\n .legend {\n fill: ${t.textColor};\n }\n\n .label text {\n fill: #333;\n }\n .label {\n color: ${t.textColor}\n }\n\n .face {\n ${t.faceColor?`fill: ${t.faceColor}`:"fill: #FFF8DC"};\n stroke: #999;\n }\n\n .node rect,\n .node circle,\n .node ellipse,\n .node polygon,\n .node path {\n fill: ${t.mainBkg};\n stroke: ${t.nodeBorder};\n stroke-width: 1px;\n }\n\n .node .label {\n text-align: center;\n }\n .node.clickable {\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n\n .arrowheadPath {\n fill: ${t.arrowheadColor};\n }\n\n .edgePath .path {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n stroke-width: 1.5px;\n }\n\n .flowchart-link {\n stroke: ${t.lineColor};\n fill: none;\n }\n\n .edgeLabel {\n background-color: ${t.edgeLabelBackground};\n rect {\n opacity: 0.5;\n }\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .cluster rect {\n }\n\n .cluster text {\n fill: ${t.titleColor};\n }\n\n div.mermaidTooltip {\n position: absolute;\n text-align: center;\n max-width: 200px;\n padding: 2px;\n font-family: 'trebuchet ms', verdana, arial, sans-serif;\n font-family: var(--mermaid-font-family);\n font-size: 12px;\n background: ${t.tertiaryColor};\n border: 1px solid ${t.border2};\n border-radius: 2px;\n pointer-events: none;\n z-index: 100;\n }\n\n .task-type-0, .section-type-0 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType0}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-1, .section-type-1 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType1}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-2, .section-type-2 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType2}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-3, .section-type-3 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType3}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-4, .section-type-4 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType4}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-5, .section-type-5 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType5}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-6, .section-type-6 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType6}`:""};\n }\n .task-type-7, .section-type-7 {\n ${t.fillType0?`fill: ${t.fillType7}`:""};\n }\n\n .actor-0 {\n ${t.actor0?`fill: ${t.actor0}`:""};\n }\n .actor-1 {\n ${t.actor1?`fill: ${t.actor1}`:""};\n }\n .actor-2 {\n ${t.actor2?`fill: ${t.actor2}`:""};\n }\n .actor-3 {\n ${t.actor3?`fill: ${t.actor3}`:""};\n }\n .actor-4 {\n ${t.actor4?`fill: ${t.actor4}`:""};\n }\n .actor-5 {\n ${t.actor5?`fill: ${t.actor5}`:""};\n }\n`,wr=t=>`.person {\n stroke: ${t.personBorder};\n fill: ${t.personBkg};\n }\n`,Tr={flowchart:yr,"flowchart-v2":yr,sequence:xr,gantt:gr,classDiagram:_r,"classDiagram-v2":_r,class:_r,stateDiagram:Mr,state:Mr,info:br,pie:kr,er:pr,error:fr,journey:Lr,requirement:vr,c4:wr},Sr=(t,e,n)=>{let r="";return t in Tr&&Tr[t]?r=Tr[t](n):St.warn(`No theme found for ${t}`),` & {\n font-family: ${n.fontFamily};\n font-size: ${n.fontSize};\n fill: ${n.textColor}\n }\n\n /* Classes common for multiple diagrams */\n\n & .error-icon {\n fill: ${n.errorBkgColor};\n }\n & .error-text {\n fill: ${n.errorTextColor};\n stroke: ${n.errorTextColor};\n }\n\n & .edge-thickness-normal {\n stroke-width: 2px;\n }\n & .edge-thickness-thick {\n stroke-width: 3.5px\n }\n & .edge-pattern-solid {\n stroke-dasharray: 0;\n }\n\n & 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n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],s=this.table,o="",l=0,c=0,u=2,d=1,h=a.slice.call(arguments,1),m=Object.create(this.lexer),_={yy:{}};for(var p in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,p)&&(_.yy[p]=this.yy[p]);m.setInput(t,_.yy),_.yy.lexer=m,_.yy.parser=this,void 0===m.yylloc&&(m.yylloc={});var f=m.yylloc;a.push(f);var y=m.options&&m.options.ranges;function g(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||m.lex()||d)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof _.yy.parseError?this.parseError=_.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var b,k,v,x,M,L,w,T,S={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?v=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==b&&(b=g()),v=s[k]&&s[k][b]),void 0===v||!v.length||!v[0]){var D="";for(M in T=[],s[k])this.terminals_[M]&&M>u&&T.push("'"+this.terminals_[M]+"'");D=m.showPosition?"Parse error on line 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this.begin("enterprise_boundary"),44;case 37:return this.begin("system_boundary"),46;case 38:return this.begin("container_ext_queue"),67;case 39:return this.begin("container_ext_db"),66;case 40:return this.begin("container_ext"),65;case 41:return this.begin("container_queue"),64;case 42:return this.begin("container_db"),63;case 43:return this.begin("container"),62;case 44:return this.begin("container_boundary"),48;case 45:return this.begin("component_ext_queue"),73;case 46:return this.begin("component_ext_db"),72;case 47:return this.begin("component_ext"),71;case 48:return this.begin("component_queue"),70;case 49:return this.begin("component_db"),69;case 50:return this.begin("component"),68;case 51:case 52:return this.begin("node"),49;case 53:return this.begin("node_l"),50;case 54:return this.begin("node_r"),51;case 55:return this.begin("rel"),74;case 56:return this.begin("birel"),75;case 57:case 58:return this.begin("rel_u"),76;case 59:case 60:return this.begin("rel_d"),77;case 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gt(){this.yy={}}return ft.lexer=yt,gt.prototype=ft,ft.Parser=gt,new gt}();Bi.parser=Bi;const Fi=Bi,Ii=t=>null!==t.match(/^\s*C4Context|C4Container|C4Component|C4Dynamic|C4Deployment/);let Pi=[],ji=[""],Ri="global",Hi="",$i=[{alias:"global",label:{text:"global"},type:{text:"global"},tags:null,link:null,parentBoundary:""}],Zi=[],Wi="",zi=!1,Ui=4,qi=2;var Vi;const Gi=function(t){return null==t?Pi:Pi.filter((e=>e.parentBoundary===t))},Ji=function(){return zi},Xi={addPersonOrSystem:function(t,e,n,r,i,a,s){if(null===e||null===n)return;let o={};const l=Pi.find((t=>t.alias===e));if(l&&e===l.alias?o=l:(o.alias=e,Pi.push(o)),o.label=null==n?{text:""}:{text:n},null==r)o.descr={text:""};else if("object"==typeof r){let[t,e]=Object.entries(r)[0];o[t]={text:e}}else o.descr={text:r};if("object"==typeof i){let[t,e]=Object.entries(i)[0];o[t]=e}else o.sprite=i;if("object"==typeof a){let[t,e]=Object.entries(a)[0];o[t]=e}else o.tags=a;if("object"==typeof s){let[t,e]=Object.entries(s)[0];o[t]=e}else 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41:r.addClass(a[o-5]),r.setCssClass(a[o-5],a[o-3]),r.addMembers(a[o-5],a[o-1]);break;case 42:r.addAnnotation(a[o],a[o-2]);break;case 43:this.$=[a[o]];break;case 44:a[o].push(a[o-1]),this.$=a[o];break;case 45:case 47:case 48:break;case 46:r.addMember(a[o-1],r.cleanupLabel(a[o]));break;case 49:this.$={id1:a[o-2],id2:a[o],relation:a[o-1],relationTitle1:"none",relationTitle2:"none"};break;case 50:this.$={id1:a[o-3],id2:a[o],relation:a[o-1],relationTitle1:a[o-2],relationTitle2:"none"};break;case 51:this.$={id1:a[o-3],id2:a[o],relation:a[o-2],relationTitle1:"none",relationTitle2:a[o-1]};break;case 52:this.$={id1:a[o-4],id2:a[o],relation:a[o-2],relationTitle1:a[o-3],relationTitle2:a[o-1]};break;case 53:r.addNote(a[o],a[o-1]);break;case 54:r.addNote(a[o]);break;case 55:this.$={type1:a[o-2],type2:a[o],lineType:a[o-1]};break;case 56:this.$={type1:"none",type2:a[o],lineType:a[o-1]};break;case 57:this.$={type1:a[o-1],type2:"none",lineType:a[o]};break;case 58:this.$={type1:"none",type2:"none",lineType:a[o]};break;case 59:this.$=r.relationType.AGGREGATION;break;case 60:this.$=r.relationType.EXTENSION;break;case 61:this.$=r.relationType.COMPOSITION;break;case 62:this.$=r.relationType.DEPENDENCY;break;case 63:this.$=r.relationType.LOLLIPOP;break;case 64:this.$=r.lineType.LINE;break;case 65:this.$=r.lineType.DOTTED_LINE;break;case 66:case 72:this.$=a[o-2],r.setClickEvent(a[o-1],a[o]);break;case 67:case 73:this.$=a[o-3],r.setClickEvent(a[o-2],a[o-1]),r.setTooltip(a[o-2],a[o]);break;case 68:case 76:this.$=a[o-2],r.setLink(a[o-1],a[o]);break;case 69:case 77:this.$=a[o-3],r.setLink(a[o-2],a[o-1],a[o]);break;case 70:case 78:this.$=a[o-3],r.setLink(a[o-2],a[o-1]),r.setTooltip(a[o-2],a[o]);break;case 71:case 79:this.$=a[o-4],r.setLink(a[o-3],a[o-2],a[o]),r.setTooltip(a[o-3],a[o-1]);break;case 74:this.$=a[o-3],r.setClickEvent(a[o-2],a[o-1],a[o]);break;case 75:this.$=a[o-4],r.setClickEvent(a[o-3],a[o-2],a[o-1]),r.setTooltip(a[o-3],a[o]);break;case 80:r.setCssClass(a[o-1],a[o])}},table:[{3:1,4:2,5:n,6:4,7:5,8:r,9:i,10:a,11:s,12:6,13:11,19:o,23:l},{1:[3]},{1:[2,1]},{1:[2,2]},{1:[2,3]},{3:14,4:2,5:n,6:4,7:5,8:r,9:i,10:a,11:s,12:6,13:11,19:o,23:l},{1:[2,9]},e(c,[2,5]),e(c,[2,6]),e(c,[2,7]),e(c,[2,8]),{14:15,20:[1,16]},{16:[1,17]},{20:[2,12]},{1:[2,4]},{15:18,17:[1,19],22:u},e([17,22],[2,13]),{6:31,7:30,8:r,9:i,10:a,11:s,13:11,19:o,24:21,26:22,27:35,28:46,29:47,31:23,33:24,34:25,35:26,36:27,37:28,38:29,39:d,41:h,43:m,44:_,49:p,51:f,52:y,55:g,57:b,67:k,68:v,70:x,74:M,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{16:[1,52]},{18:53,21:[1,54]},{16:[2,15]},{25:[1,55]},{16:[1,56],25:[2,17]},e(D,[2,25],{32:[1,57]}),e(D,[2,27]),e(D,[2,28]),e(D,[2,29]),e(D,[2,30]),e(D,[2,31]),e(D,[2,32]),e(D,[2,33]),e(D,[2,34]),{40:[1,58]},{42:[1,59]},e(D,[2,37]),e(D,[2,45],{53:60,58:63,59:64,32:[1,62],54:[1,61],60:Y,61:E,62:C,63:A,64:O,65:N,66:B}),{27:72,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},e(D,[2,47]),e(D,[2,48]),{28:73,88:L,89:w,90:T},{27:74,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{27:75,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{27:76,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{54:[1,77]},{27:78,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{54:F,56:79},e(I,[2,20],{28:46,29:47,27:81,30:[1,82],88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S}),e(I,[2,21],{30:[1,83]}),e(P,[2,94]),e(P,[2,95]),e(P,[2,96]),e([16,25,30,32,45,46,54,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,71,73],[2,97]),e(j,[2,10]),{15:84,22:u},{22:[2,14]},{1:[2,16]},{6:31,7:30,8:r,9:i,10:a,11:s,13:11,19:o,24:85,25:[2,18],26:22,27:35,28:46,29:47,31:23,33:24,34:25,35:26,36:27,37:28,38:29,39:d,41:h,43:m,44:_,49:p,51:f,52:y,55:g,57:b,67:k,68:v,70:x,74:M,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},e(D,[2,26]),e(D,[2,35]),e(D,[2,36]),{27:86,28:46,29:47,54:[1,87],88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{53:88,58:63,59:64,60:Y,61:E,62:C,63:A,64:O,65:N,66:B},e(D,[2,46]),{59:89,65:N,66:B},e(R,[2,58],{58:90,60:Y,61:E,62:C,63:A,64:O}),e(H,[2,59]),e(H,[2,60]),e(H,[2,61]),e(H,[2,62]),e(H,[2,63]),e($,[2,64]),e($,[2,65]),e(D,[2,38],{45:[1,91],46:[1,92]}),{50:[1,93]},{54:[1,94]},{54:[1,95]},{71:[1,96],73:[1,97]},{28:98,88:L,89:w,90:T},{54:F,56:99},e(D,[2,54]),e(D,[2,98]),e(I,[2,22]),e(I,[2,23]),e(I,[2,24]),{16:[1,100]},{25:[2,19]},e(Z,[2,49]),{27:101,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},{27:102,28:46,29:47,54:[1,103],88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},e(R,[2,57],{58:104,60:Y,61:E,62:C,63:A,64:O}),e(R,[2,56]),{28:105,88:L,89:w,90:T},{47:106,51:W},{27:108,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},e(D,[2,66],{54:[1,109]}),e(D,[2,68],{54:[1,111],69:[1,110]}),e(D,[2,72],{54:[1,112],72:[1,113]}),e(D,[2,76],{54:[1,115],69:[1,114]}),e(D,[2,80]),e(D,[2,53]),e(j,[2,11]),e(Z,[2,51]),e(Z,[2,50]),{27:116,28:46,29:47,88:L,89:w,90:T,91:S},e(R,[2,55]),e(D,[2,39],{46:[1,117]}),{48:[1,118]},{47:119,48:[2,43],51:W},e(D,[2,42]),e(D,[2,67]),e(D,[2,69]),e(D,[2,70],{69:[1,120]}),e(D,[2,73]),e(D,[2,74],{54:[1,121]}),e(D,[2,77]),e(D,[2,78],{69:[1,122]}),e(Z,[2,52]),{47:123,51:W},e(D,[2,40]),{48:[2,44]},e(D,[2,71]),e(D,[2,75]),e(D,[2,79]),{48:[1,124]},e(D,[2,41])],defaultActions:{2:[2,1],3:[2,2],4:[2,3],6:[2,9],13:[2,12],14:[2,4],20:[2,15],54:[2,14],55:[2,16],85:[2,19],119:[2,44]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],s=this.table,o="",l=0,c=0,u=2,d=1,h=a.slice.call(arguments,1),m=Object.create(this.lexer),_={yy:{}};for(var p in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,p)&&(_.yy[p]=this.yy[p]);m.setInput(t,_.yy),_.yy.lexer=m,_.yy.parser=this,void 0===m.yylloc&&(m.yylloc={});var f=m.yylloc;a.push(f);var y=m.options&&m.options.ranges;function g(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||m.lex()||d)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof _.yy.parseError?this.parseError=_.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var b,k,v,x,M,L,w,T,S={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?v=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==b&&(b=g()),v=s[k]&&s[k][b]),void 0===v||!v.length||!v[0]){var D="";for(M in T=[],s[k])this.terminals_[M]&&M>u&&T.push("'"+this.terminals_[M]+"'");D=m.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(l+1)+":\n"+m.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+T.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[b]||b)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(l+1)+": Unexpected "+(b==d?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[b]||b)+"'"),this.parseError(D,{text:m.match,token:this.terminals_[b]||b,line:m.yylineno,loc:f,expected:T})}if(v[0]instanceof Array&&v.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+b);switch(v[0]){case 1:n.push(b),i.push(m.yytext),a.push(m.yylloc),n.push(v[1]),b=null,c=m.yyleng,o=m.yytext,l=m.yylineno,f=m.yylloc;break;case 2:if(L=this.productions_[v[1]][1],S.$=i[i.length-L],S._$={first_line:a[a.length-(L||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(L||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},y&&(S._$.range=[a[a.length-(L||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(x=this.performAction.apply(S,[o,c,l,_.yy,v[1],i,a].concat(h))))return x;L&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*L*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*L),a=a.slice(0,-1*L)),n.push(this.productions_[v[1]][0]),i.push(S.$),a.push(S._$),w=s[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(w);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},U=(t={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;a<i.length;a++)if((n=this._input.match(this.rules[i[a]]))&&(!e||n[0].length>e[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". Unrecognized text.\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},lex:function(){var t=this.next();return t||this.lex()},begin:function(t){this.conditionStack.push(t)},popState:function(){return this.conditionStack.length-1>0?this.conditionStack.pop():this.conditionStack[0]},_currentRules:function(){return this.conditionStack.length&&this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]?this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]].rules:this.conditions.INITIAL.rules},topState:function(t){return(t=this.conditionStack.length-1-Math.abs(t||0))>=0?this.conditionStack[t]:"INITIAL"},pushState:function(t){this.begin(t)},stateStackSize:function(){return this.conditionStack.length},options:{},performAction:function(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case 0:return this.begin("open_directive"),19;case 1:return 8;case 2:return 9;case 3:return 10;case 4:return 11;case 5:return this.begin("type_directive"),20;case 6:return this.popState(),this.begin("arg_directive"),17;case 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a=t.insert("g").attr("class",i).attr("id",e.domId||e.id),s=a.insert("g").attr("class","label").attr("style",e.labelStyle);let l;l=void 0===e.labelText?"":"string"==typeof e.labelText?e.labelText:e.labelText[0];const c=s.node().appendChild(ds(At(Jh(l),ar()),e.labelStyle,!1,r));let u=c.getBBox();if(Ft(ar().flowchart.htmlLabels)){const t=c.children[0],e=(0,o.Ys)(c);u=t.getBoundingClientRect(),e.attr("width",u.width),e.attr("height",u.height)}const d=e.padding/2;return s.attr("transform","translate("+-u.width/2+", "+-u.height/2+")"),{shapeSvg:a,bbox:u,halfPadding:d,label:s}},ms=(t,e)=>{const n=e.node().getBBox();t.width=n.width,t.height=n.height};function _s(t,e,n,r){return t.insert("polygon",":first-child").attr("points",r.map((function(t){return t.x+","+t.y})).join(" ")).attr("class","label-container").attr("transform","translate("+-e/2+","+n/2+")")}let ps={},fs={},ys={};const gs=(t,e)=>(St.trace("In isDecendant",e," ",t," = 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n=t.insert("g").attr("class",e.classes).attr("id",e.id),r=n.insert("rect",":first-child"),i=n.insert("g").attr("class","cluster-label"),a=n.append("rect"),s=i.node().appendChild(ds(e.labelText,e.labelStyle,void 0,!0));let l=s.getBBox();if(Ft(ar().flowchart.htmlLabels)){const t=s.children[0],e=(0,o.Ys)(s);l=t.getBoundingClientRect(),e.attr("width",l.width),e.attr("height",l.height)}l=s.getBBox();const c=0*e.padding,u=c/2,d=e.width<=l.width+e.padding?l.width+e.padding:e.width;e.width<=l.width+e.padding?e.diff=(l.width+0*e.padding-e.width)/2:e.diff=-e.padding/2,r.attr("class","outer").attr("x",e.x-d/2-u).attr("y",e.y-e.height/2-u).attr("width",d+c).attr("height",e.height+c),a.attr("class","inner").attr("x",e.x-d/2-u).attr("y",e.y-e.height/2-u+l.height-1).attr("width",d+c).attr("height",e.height+c-l.height-3),i.attr("transform","translate("+(e.x-l.width/2)+", "+(e.y-e.height/2-e.padding/3+(Ft(ar().flowchart.htmlLabels)?5:3))+")");const h=r.node().getBBox();return e.height=h.height,e.intersect=function(t){return Ds(e,t)},n},noteGroup:(t,e)=>{const n=t.insert("g").attr("class","note-cluster").attr("id",e.id),r=n.insert("rect",":first-child"),i=0*e.padding,a=i/2;r.attr("rx",e.rx).attr("ry",e.ry).attr("x",e.x-e.width/2-a).attr("y",e.y-e.height/2-a).attr("width",e.width+i).attr("height",e.height+i).attr("fill","none");const s=r.node().getBBox();return e.width=s.width,e.height=s.height,e.intersect=function(t){return Ds(e,t)},n},divider:(t,e)=>{const n=t.insert("g").attr("class",e.classes).attr("id",e.id),r=n.insert("rect",":first-child"),i=0*e.padding,a=i/2;r.attr("class","divider").attr("x",e.x-e.width/2-a).attr("y",e.y-e.height/2).attr("width",e.width+i).attr("height",e.height+i);const s=r.node().getBBox();return e.width=s.width,e.height=s.height,e.diff=-e.padding/2,e.intersect=function(t){return Ds(e,t)},n}};let js={};let Rs={},Hs={};const $s=(t,e)=>{const n=ds(e.label,e.labelStyle),r=t.insert("g").attr("class","edgeLabel"),i=r.insert("g").attr("class","label");i.node().appendChild(n);let a,s=n.getBBox();if(Ft(ar().flowchart.htmlLabels)){const t=n.children[0],e=(0,o.Ys)(n);s=t.getBoundingClientRect(),e.attr("width",s.width),e.attr("height",s.height)}if(i.attr("transform","translate("+-s.width/2+", "+-s.height/2+")"),Rs[e.id]=r,e.width=s.width,e.height=s.height,e.startLabelLeft){const n=ds(e.startLabelLeft,e.labelStyle),r=t.insert("g").attr("class","edgeTerminals"),i=r.insert("g").attr("class","inner");a=i.node().appendChild(n);const s=n.getBBox();i.attr("transform","translate("+-s.width/2+", "+-s.height/2+")"),Hs[e.id]||(Hs[e.id]={}),Hs[e.id].startLeft=r,Zs(a,e.startLabelLeft)}if(e.startLabelRight){const n=ds(e.startLabelRight,e.labelStyle),r=t.insert("g").attr("class","edgeTerminals"),i=r.insert("g").attr("class","inner");a=r.node().appendChild(n),i.node().appendChild(n);const s=n.getBBox();i.attr("transform","translate("+-s.width/2+", "+-s.height/2+")"),Hs[e.id]||(Hs[e.id]={}),Hs[e.id].startRight=r,Zs(a,e.startLabelRight)}if(e.endLabelLeft){const n=ds(e.endLabelLeft,e.labelStyle),r=t.insert("g").attr("class","edgeTerminals"),i=r.insert("g").attr("class","inner");a=i.node().appendChild(n);const s=n.getBBox();i.attr("transform","translate("+-s.width/2+", "+-s.height/2+")"),r.node().appendChild(n),Hs[e.id]||(Hs[e.id]={}),Hs[e.id].endLeft=r,Zs(a,e.endLabelLeft)}if(e.endLabelRight){const n=ds(e.endLabelRight,e.labelStyle),r=t.insert("g").attr("class","edgeTerminals"),i=r.insert("g").attr("class","inner");a=i.node().appendChild(n);const s=n.getBBox();i.attr("transform","translate("+-s.width/2+", "+-s.height/2+")"),r.node().appendChild(n),Hs[e.id]||(Hs[e.id]={}),Hs[e.id].endRight=r,Zs(a,e.endLabelRight)}return n};function Zs(t,e){ar().flowchart.htmlLabels&&t&&(t.style.width=9*e.length+"px",t.style.height="12px")}const Ws=(t,e)=>{St.warn("abc88 cutPathAtIntersect",t,e);let n=[],r=t[0],i=!1;return t.forEach((t=>{if(St.info("abc88 checking point",t,e),((t,e)=>{const n=t.x,r=t.y,i=Math.abs(e.x-n),a=Math.abs(e.y-r),s=t.width/2,o=t.height/2;return i>=s||a>=o})(e,t)||i)St.warn("abc88 outside",t,r),r=t,i||n.push(t);else{const a=((t,e,n)=>{St.warn(`intersection calc abc89:\n outsidePoint: ${JSON.stringify(e)}\n insidePoint : ${JSON.stringify(n)}\n node : x:${t.x} y:${t.y} w:${t.width} h:${t.height}`);const r=t.x,i=t.y,a=Math.abs(r-n.x),s=t.width/2;let o=n.x<e.x?s-a:s+a;const l=t.height/2,c=Math.abs(e.y-n.y),u=Math.abs(e.x-n.x);if(Math.abs(i-e.y)*s>Math.abs(r-e.x)*l){let t=n.y<e.y?e.y-l-i:i-l-e.y;o=u*t/c;const r={x:n.x<e.x?n.x+o:n.x-u+o,y:n.y<e.y?n.y+c-t:n.y-c+t};return 0===o&&(r.x=e.x,r.y=e.y),0===u&&(r.x=e.x),0===c&&(r.y=e.y),St.warn(`abc89 topp/bott calc, Q ${c}, q ${t}, R ${u}, r ${o}`,r),r}{o=n.x<e.x?e.x-s-r:r-s-e.x;let t=c*o/u,i=n.x<e.x?n.x+u-o:n.x-u+o,a=n.y<e.y?n.y+t:n.y-t;return St.warn(`sides calc abc89, Q ${c}, q ${t}, R ${u}, r 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",n,r),e.setNode(r.id,n),e.parent(t)||(St.trace("Setting parent",t,r.id),e.setParent(t,r.id,n))}if(St.info("(Insert) Node XXX"+t+": "+JSON.stringify(e.node(t))),a&&a.clusterNode){St.info("Cluster identified",t,a.width,e.node(t));const r=zs(u,a.graph,n,e.node(t)),i=r.elem;ms(a,i),a.diff=r.diff||0,St.info("Node bounds (abc123)",t,a,a.width,a.x,a.y),((t,e)=>{Bs[e.id]=t})(i,a),St.warn("Recursive render complete ",i,a)}else e.children(t).length>0?(St.info("Cluster - the non recursive path XXX",t,a.id,a,e),St.info(vs(a.id,e)),ps[a.id]={id:vs(a.id,e),node:a}):(St.info("Node - the non recursive path",t,a.id,a),Fs(u,e.node(t),i))})),e.edges().forEach((function(t){const n=e.edge(t.v,t.w,t.name);St.info("Edge "+t.v+" -> "+t.w+": "+JSON.stringify(t)),St.info("Edge "+t.v+" -> "+t.w+": ",t," ",JSON.stringify(e.edge(t))),St.info("Fix",ps,"ids:",t.v,t.w,"Translateing: ",ps[t.v],ps[t.w]),$s(c,n)})),e.edges().forEach((function(t){St.info("Edge "+t.v+" -> "+t.w+": "+JSON.stringify(t))})),St.info("#############################################"),St.info("### Layout ###"),St.info("#############################################"),St.info(e),(0,ct.bK)(e),St.info("Graph after layout:",dt.c(e));let d=0;return(t=>Ls(t,t.children()))(e).forEach((function(t){const n=e.node(t);St.info("Position "+t+": "+JSON.stringify(e.node(t))),St.info("Position "+t+": ("+n.x,","+n.y,") width: ",n.width," height: ",n.height),n&&n.clusterNode?Is(n):e.children(t).length>0?(((t,e)=>{St.trace("Inserting cluster");const n=e.shape||"rect";js[e.id]=Ps[n](t,e)})(s,n),ps[n.id].node=n):Is(n)})),e.edges().forEach((function(t){const r=e.edge(t);St.info("Edge "+t.v+" -> "+t.w+": "+JSON.stringify(r),r);const i=function(t,e,n,r,i,a){let s=n.points,l=!1;const c=a.node(e.v);var u=a.node(e.w);St.info("abc88 InsertEdge: ",n),u.intersect&&c.intersect&&(s=s.slice(1,n.points.length-1),s.unshift(c.intersect(s[0])),St.info("Last 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"+n.classes:"")).attr("style",n.style);let f="";switch((ar().flowchart.arrowMarkerAbsolute||ar().state.arrowMarkerAbsolute)&&(f=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+window.location.pathname+window.location.search,f=f.replace(/\(/g,"\\("),f=f.replace(/\)/g,"\\)")),St.info("arrowTypeStart",n.arrowTypeStart),St.info("arrowTypeEnd",n.arrowTypeEnd),n.arrowTypeStart){case"arrow_cross":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-crossStart)");break;case"arrow_point":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-pointStart)");break;case"arrow_barb":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-barbStart)");break;case"arrow_circle":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-circleStart)");break;case"aggregation":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-aggregationStart)");break;case"extension":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-extensionStart)");break;case"composition":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-compositionStart)");break;case"dependency":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-dependencyStart)");break;case"lollipop":p.attr("marker-start","url("+f+"#"+i+"-lollipopStart)")}switch(n.arrowTypeEnd){case"arrow_cross":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-crossEnd)");break;case"arrow_point":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-pointEnd)");break;case"arrow_barb":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-barbEnd)");break;case"arrow_circle":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-circleEnd)");break;case"aggregation":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-aggregationEnd)");break;case"extension":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-extensionEnd)");break;case"composition":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-compositionEnd)");break;case"dependency":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-dependencyEnd)");break;case"lollipop":p.attr("marker-end","url("+f+"#"+i+"-lollipopEnd)")}let y={};return l&&(y.updatedPath=s),y.originalPath=n.points,y}(l,t,r,ps,n,e);((t,e)=>{St.info("Moving label abc78 ",t.id,t.label,Rs[t.id]);let n=e.updatedPath?e.updatedPath:e.originalPath;if(t.label){const r=Rs[t.id];let i=t.x,a=t.y;if(n){const r=Gn.calcLabelPosition(n);St.info("Moving label "+t.label+" from (",i,",",a,") to (",r.x,",",r.y,") abc78"),e.updatedPath&&(i=r.x,a=r.y)}r.attr("transform","translate("+i+", "+a+")")}if(t.startLabelLeft){const e=Hs[t.id].startLeft;let r=t.x,i=t.y;if(n){const e=Gn.calcTerminalLabelPosition(t.arrowTypeStart?10:0,"start_left",n);r=e.x,i=e.y}e.attr("transform","translate("+r+", "+i+")")}if(t.startLabelRight){const e=Hs[t.id].startRight;let r=t.x,i=t.y;if(n){const e=Gn.calcTerminalLabelPosition(t.arrowTypeStart?10:0,"start_right",n);r=e.x,i=e.y}e.attr("transform","translate("+r+", "+i+")")}if(t.endLabelLeft){const e=Hs[t.id].endLeft;let r=t.x,i=t.y;if(n){const e=Gn.calcTerminalLabelPosition(t.arrowTypeEnd?10:0,"end_left",n);r=e.x,i=e.y}e.attr("transform","translate("+r+", "+i+")")}if(t.endLabelRight){const e=Hs[t.id].endRight;let r=t.x,i=t.y;if(n){const e=Gn.calcTerminalLabelPosition(t.arrowTypeEnd?10:0,"end_right",n);r=e.x,i=e.y}e.attr("transform","translate("+r+", "+i+")")}})(r,i)})),e.nodes().forEach((function(t){const n=e.node(t);St.info(t,n.type,n.diff),"group"===n.type&&(d=n.diff)})),{elem:a,diff:d}},Us=(t,e,n,r,i)=>{us(t,n,r,i),Bs={},Rs={},Hs={},js={},fs={},ys={},ps={},St.warn("Graph at first:",dt.c(e)),((t,e)=>{!t||e>10?St.debug("Opting out, no graph "):(St.debug("Opting in, graph "),t.nodes().forEach((function(e){t.children(e).length>0&&(St.warn("Cluster identified",e," Replacement id in edges: ",vs(e,t)),fs[e]=ks(e,t),ps[e]={id:vs(e,t),clusterData:t.node(e)})})),t.nodes().forEach((function(e){const n=t.children(e),r=t.edges();n.length>0?(St.debug("Cluster identified",e,fs),r.forEach((t=>{t.v!==e&&t.w!==e&&gs(t.v,e)^gs(t.w,e)&&(St.warn("Edge: ",t," leaves cluster ",e),St.warn("Decendants of XXX ",e,": ",fs[e]),ps[e].externalConnections=!0)}))):St.debug("Not a cluster ",e,fs)})),t.edges().forEach((function(e){const n=t.edge(e);St.warn("Edge "+e.v+" -> "+e.w+": "+JSON.stringify(e)),St.warn("Edge "+e.v+" -> "+e.w+": "+JSON.stringify(t.edge(e)));let r=e.v,i=e.w;if(St.warn("Fix XXX",ps,"ids:",e.v,e.w,"Translating: ",ps[e.v]," --- ",ps[e.w]),ps[e.v]&&ps[e.w]&&ps[e.v]===ps[e.w]){St.warn("Fixing and trixing link to self - removing XXX",e.v,e.w,e.name),St.warn("Fixing and trixing - removing XXX",e.v,e.w,e.name),r=xs(e.v),i=xs(e.w),t.removeEdge(e.v,e.w,e.name);const a=e.w+"---"+e.v;t.setNode(a,{domId:a,id:a,labelStyle:"",labelText:n.label,padding:0,shape:"labelRect",style:""});const s=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(n)),o=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(n));s.label="",s.arrowTypeEnd="none",o.label="",s.fromCluster=e.v,o.toCluster=e.v,t.setEdge(r,a,s,e.name+"-cyclic-special"),t.setEdge(a,i,o,e.name+"-cyclic-special")}else(ps[e.v]||ps[e.w])&&(St.warn("Fixing and trixing - removing XXX",e.v,e.w,e.name),r=xs(e.v),i=xs(e.w),t.removeEdge(e.v,e.w,e.name),r!==e.v&&(n.fromCluster=e.v),i!==e.w&&(n.toCluster=e.w),St.warn("Fix Replacing with XXX",r,i,e.name),t.setEdge(r,i,n,e.name))})),St.warn("Adjusted Graph",dt.c(t)),Ms(t,0),St.trace(ps))})(e),St.warn("Graph after:",dt.c(e)),zs(t,e,r)},qs=t=>Pt.sanitizeText(t,ar());let Vs={dividerMargin:10,padding:5,textHeight:10};function Gs(t){let e;switch(t){case 0:e="aggregation";break;case 1:e="extension";break;case 2:e="composition";break;case 3:e="dependency";break;case 4:e="lollipop";break;default:e="none"}return e}const Js={setConf:function(t){Object.keys(t).forEach((function(e){Vs[e]=t[e]}))},draw:function(t,e,n,r){St.info("Drawing class - 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n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],s=this.table,o="",l=0,c=0,u=2,d=1,h=a.slice.call(arguments,1),m=Object.create(this.lexer),_={yy:{}};for(var p in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,p)&&(_.yy[p]=this.yy[p]);m.setInput(t,_.yy),_.yy.lexer=m,_.yy.parser=this,void 0===m.yylloc&&(m.yylloc={});var f=m.yylloc;a.push(f);var y=m.options&&m.options.ranges;function g(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||m.lex()||d)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof _.yy.parseError?this.parseError=_.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var b,k,v,x,M,L,w,T,S={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?v=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==b&&(b=g()),v=s[k]&&s[k][b]),void 0===v||!v.length||!v[0]){var D="";for(M in T=[],s[k])this.terminals_[M]&&M>u&&T.push("'"+this.terminals_[M]+"'");D=m.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(l+1)+":\n"+m.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+T.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[b]||b)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(l+1)+": Unexpected "+(b==d?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[b]||b)+"'"),this.parseError(D,{text:m.match,token:this.terminals_[b]||b,line:m.yylineno,loc:f,expected:T})}if(v[0]instanceof Array&&v.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+b);switch(v[0]){case 1:n.push(b),i.push(m.yytext),a.push(m.yylloc),n.push(v[1]),b=null,c=m.yyleng,o=m.yytext,l=m.yylineno,f=m.yylloc;break;case 2:if(L=this.productions_[v[1]][1],S.$=i[i.length-L],S._$={first_line:a[a.length-(L||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(L||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},y&&(S._$.range=[a[a.length-(L||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(x=this.performAction.apply(S,[o,c,l,_.yy,v[1],i,a].concat(h))))return x;L&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*L*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*L),a=a.slice(0,-1*L)),n.push(this.productions_[v[1]][0]),i.push(S.$),a.push(S._$),w=s[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(w);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},re=(t={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;a<i.length;a++)if((n=this._input.match(this.rules[i[a]]))&&(!e||n[0].length>e[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". 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39:a[o-1].unshift({type:"altStart",altText:r.parseMessage(a[o-2]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.ALT_START}),a[o-1].push({type:"altEnd",signalType:r.LINETYPE.ALT_END}),this.$=a[o-1];break;case 40:a[o-1].unshift({type:"parStart",parText:r.parseMessage(a[o-2]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.PAR_START}),a[o-1].push({type:"parEnd",signalType:r.LINETYPE.PAR_END}),this.$=a[o-1];break;case 41:a[o-1].unshift({type:"criticalStart",criticalText:r.parseMessage(a[o-2]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_START}),a[o-1].push({type:"criticalEnd",signalType:r.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_END}),this.$=a[o-1];break;case 42:a[o-1].unshift({type:"breakStart",breakText:r.parseMessage(a[o-2]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.BREAK_START}),a[o-1].push({type:"breakEnd",optText:r.parseMessage(a[o-2]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.BREAK_END}),this.$=a[o-1];break;case 45:this.$=a[o-3].concat([{type:"option",optionText:r.parseMessage(a[o-1]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_OPTION},a[o]]);break;case 47:this.$=a[o-3].concat([{type:"and",parText:r.parseMessage(a[o-1]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.PAR_AND},a[o]]);break;case 49:this.$=a[o-3].concat([{type:"else",altText:r.parseMessage(a[o-1]),signalType:r.LINETYPE.ALT_ELSE},a[o]]);break;case 50:a[o-3].type="addParticipant",a[o-3].description=r.parseMessage(a[o-1]),this.$=a[o-3];break;case 51:a[o-1].type="addParticipant",this.$=a[o-1];break;case 52:a[o-3].type="addActor",a[o-3].description=r.parseMessage(a[o-1]),this.$=a[o-3];break;case 53:a[o-1].type="addActor",this.$=a[o-1];break;case 54:this.$=[a[o-1],{type:"addNote",placement:a[o-2],actor:a[o-1].actor,text:a[o]}];break;case 55:a[o-2]=[].concat(a[o-1],a[o-1]).slice(0,2),a[o-2][0]=a[o-2][0].actor,a[o-2][1]=a[o-2][1].actor,this.$=[a[o-1],{type:"addNote",placement:r.PLACEMENT.OVER,actor:a[o-2].slice(0,2),text:a[o]}];break;case 56:this.$=[a[o-1],{type:"addLinks",actor:a[o-1].actor,text:a[o]}];break;case 57:this.$=[a[o-1],{type:"addALink",actor:a[o-1].actor,text:a[o]}];break;case 58:this.$=[a[o-1],{type:"addProperties",actor:a[o-1].actor,text:a[o]}];break;case 59:this.$=[a[o-1],{type:"addDetails",actor:a[o-1].actor,text:a[o]}];break;case 62:this.$=[a[o-2],a[o]];break;case 64:this.$=r.PLACEMENT.LEFTOF;break;case 65:this.$=r.PLACEMENT.RIGHTOF;break;case 66:this.$=[a[o-4],a[o-1],{type:"addMessage",from:a[o-4].actor,to:a[o-1].actor,signalType:a[o-3],msg:a[o]},{type:"activeStart",signalType:r.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_START,actor:a[o-1]}];break;case 67:this.$=[a[o-4],a[o-1],{type:"addMessage",from:a[o-4].actor,to:a[o-1].actor,signalType:a[o-3],msg:a[o]},{type:"activeEnd",signalType:r.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_END,actor:a[o-4]}];break;case 68:this.$=[a[o-3],a[o-1],{type:"addMessage",from:a[o-3].actor,to:a[o-1].actor,signalType:a[o-2],msg:a[o]}];break;case 69:this.$={type:"addParticipant",actor:a[o]};break;case 70:this.$=r.LINETYPE.SOLID_OPEN;break;case 71:this.$=r.LINETYPE.DOTTED_OPEN;break;case 72:this.$=r.LINETYPE.SOLID;break;case 73:this.$=r.LINETYPE.DOTTED;break;case 74:this.$=r.LINETYPE.SOLID_CROSS;break;case 75:this.$=r.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS;break;case 76:this.$=r.LINETYPE.SOLID_POINT;break;case 77:this.$=r.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT;break;case 78:this.$=r.parseMessage(a[o].trim().substring(1));break;case 79:r.parseDirective("%%{","open_directive");break;case 80:r.parseDirective(a[o],"type_directive");break;case 81:a[o]=a[o].trim().replace(/'/g,'"'),r.parseDirective(a[o],"arg_directive");break;case 82:r.parseDirective("}%%","close_directive","sequence")}},table:[{3:1,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,14:6,83:a},{1:[3]},{3:8,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,14:6,83:a},{3:9,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,14:6,83:a},{3:10,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,14:6,83:a},e([1,4,5,19,23,26,28,34,35,36,38,40,41,42,43,44,46,48,50,54,56,57,62,63,64,65,73,83],s,{8:11}),{15:12,84:[1,13]},{84:[2,79]},{1:[2,1]},{1:[2,2]},{1:[2,3]},{1:[2,4],4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{16:51,17:[1,52],86:O},e([17,86],[2,80]),e(N,[2,6]),{6:41,10:54,13:18,14:6,19:c,22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},e(N,[2,8]),e(N,[2,9]),e(N,[2,17]),{20:[1,55]},{5:[1,56]},{5:[1,59],24:[1,57],25:[1,58]},{27:60,73:A},{27:61,73:A},{5:[1,62]},{5:[1,63]},{5:[1,64]},{5:[1,65]},{5:[1,66]},e(N,[2,31]),e(N,[2,32]),{37:[1,67]},{39:[1,68]},e(N,[2,35]),{20:[1,69]},{20:[1,70]},{20:[1,71]},{20:[1,72]},{20:[1,73]},{20:[1,74]},{20:[1,75]},e(N,[2,43]),{27:76,73:A},{27:77,73:A},{70:78,74:[1,79],75:[1,80],76:[1,81],77:[1,82],78:[1,83],79:[1,84],80:[1,85],81:[1,86]},{58:87,60:[1,88],68:[1,89],69:[1,90]},{27:91,73:A},{27:92,73:A},{27:93,73:A},{27:94,73:A},e([5,55,67,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82],[2,69]),{5:[1,95]},{18:96,85:[1,97]},{5:[2,82]},e(N,[2,7]),e(B,[2,10],{11:98}),e(N,[2,19]),{5:[1,100],24:[1,99]},{5:[1,101]},e(N,[2,23]),{5:[1,102]},{5:[1,103]},e(N,[2,26]),e(N,[2,27]),e(N,[2,28]),e(N,[2,29]),e(N,[2,30]),e(N,[2,33]),e(N,[2,34]),e(F,s,{8:104}),e(F,s,{8:105}),e(F,s,{8:106}),e(I,s,{45:107,8:108}),e(P,s,{47:109,8:110}),e(j,s,{49:111,8:112}),e(F,s,{8:113}),{5:[1,115],55:[1,114]},{5:[1,117],55:[1,116]},{27:120,71:[1,118],72:[1,119],73:A},e(R,[2,70]),e(R,[2,71]),e(R,[2,72]),e(R,[2,73]),e(R,[2,74]),e(R,[2,75]),e(R,[2,76]),e(R,[2,77]),{27:121,73:A},{27:123,61:122,73:A},{73:[2,64]},{73:[2,65]},{59:124,82:H},{59:126,82:H},{59:127,82:H},{59:128,82:H},e($,[2,15]),{16:129,86:O},{86:[2,81]},{4:[1,132],5:[1,134],12:131,13:133,21:[1,130],54:w,56:T},{5:[1,135]},e(N,[2,21]),e(N,[2,22]),e(N,[2,24]),e(N,[2,25]),{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[1,136],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[1,137],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[1,138],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{21:[1,139]},{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[2,48],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,53:[1,140],54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{21:[1,141]},{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[2,46],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,52:[1,142],54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{21:[1,143]},{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[2,44],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,51:[1,144],54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{4:o,5:l,6:41,9:14,10:16,13:18,14:6,19:c,21:[1,145],22:20,23:u,26:d,27:44,28:h,29:24,30:25,31:26,32:27,33:28,34:m,35:_,36:p,38:f,40:y,41:g,42:b,43:k,44:v,46:x,48:M,50:L,54:w,56:T,57:S,62:D,63:Y,64:E,65:C,73:A,83:a},{20:[1,146]},e(N,[2,51]),{20:[1,147]},e(N,[2,53]),{27:148,73:A},{27:149,73:A},{59:150,82:H},{59:151,82:H},{59:152,82:H},{67:[1,153],82:[2,63]},{5:[2,56]},{5:[2,78]},{5:[2,57]},{5:[2,58]},{5:[2,59]},{5:[1,154]},e(N,[2,18]),e(B,[2,11]),{13:155,54:w,56:T},e(B,[2,13]),e(B,[2,14]),e(N,[2,20]),e(N,[2,36]),e(N,[2,37]),e(N,[2,38]),e(N,[2,39]),{20:[1,156]},e(N,[2,40]),{20:[1,157]},e(N,[2,41]),{20:[1,158]},e(N,[2,42]),{5:[1,159]},{5:[1,160]},{59:161,82:H},{59:162,82:H},{5:[2,68]},{5:[2,54]},{5:[2,55]},{27:163,73:A},e($,[2,16]),e(B,[2,12]),e(I,s,{8:108,45:164}),e(P,s,{8:110,47:165}),e(j,s,{8:112,49:166}),e(N,[2,50]),e(N,[2,52]),{5:[2,66]},{5:[2,67]},{82:[2,62]},{21:[2,49]},{21:[2,47]},{21:[2,45]}],defaultActions:{7:[2,79],8:[2,1],9:[2,2],10:[2,3],53:[2,82],89:[2,64],90:[2,65],97:[2,81],124:[2,56],125:[2,78],126:[2,57],127:[2,58],128:[2,59],150:[2,68],151:[2,54],152:[2,55],161:[2,66],162:[2,67],163:[2,62],164:[2,49],165:[2,47],166:[2,45]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var n=new Error(t);throw n.hash=e,n}this.trace(t)},parse:function(t){var e=this,n=[0],r=[],i=[null],a=[],s=this.table,o="",l=0,c=0,u=2,d=1,h=a.slice.call(arguments,1),m=Object.create(this.lexer),_={yy:{}};for(var p in this.yy)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.yy,p)&&(_.yy[p]=this.yy[p]);m.setInput(t,_.yy),_.yy.lexer=m,_.yy.parser=this,void 0===m.yylloc&&(m.yylloc={});var f=m.yylloc;a.push(f);var y=m.options&&m.options.ranges;function g(){var t;return"number"!=typeof(t=r.pop()||m.lex()||d)&&(t instanceof Array&&(t=(r=t).pop()),t=e.symbols_[t]||t),t}"function"==typeof _.yy.parseError?this.parseError=_.yy.parseError:this.parseError=Object.getPrototypeOf(this).parseError;for(var b,k,v,x,M,L,w,T,S={};;){if(k=n[n.length-1],this.defaultActions[k]?v=this.defaultActions[k]:(null==b&&(b=g()),v=s[k]&&s[k][b]),void 0===v||!v.length||!v[0]){var D="";for(M in T=[],s[k])this.terminals_[M]&&M>u&&T.push("'"+this.terminals_[M]+"'");D=m.showPosition?"Parse error on line "+(l+1)+":\n"+m.showPosition()+"\nExpecting "+T.join(", ")+", got '"+(this.terminals_[b]||b)+"'":"Parse error on line "+(l+1)+": Unexpected "+(b==d?"end of input":"'"+(this.terminals_[b]||b)+"'"),this.parseError(D,{text:m.match,token:this.terminals_[b]||b,line:m.yylineno,loc:f,expected:T})}if(v[0]instanceof Array&&v.length>1)throw new Error("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+k+", token: "+b);switch(v[0]){case 1:n.push(b),i.push(m.yytext),a.push(m.yylloc),n.push(v[1]),b=null,c=m.yyleng,o=m.yytext,l=m.yylineno,f=m.yylloc;break;case 2:if(L=this.productions_[v[1]][1],S.$=i[i.length-L],S._$={first_line:a[a.length-(L||1)].first_line,last_line:a[a.length-1].last_line,first_column:a[a.length-(L||1)].first_column,last_column:a[a.length-1].last_column},y&&(S._$.range=[a[a.length-(L||1)].range[0],a[a.length-1].range[1]]),void 0!==(x=this.performAction.apply(S,[o,c,l,_.yy,v[1],i,a].concat(h))))return x;L&&(n=n.slice(0,-1*L*2),i=i.slice(0,-1*L),a=a.slice(0,-1*L)),n.push(this.productions_[v[1]][0]),i.push(S.$),a.push(S._$),w=s[n[n.length-2]][n[n.length-1]],n.push(w);break;case 3:return!0}}return!0}},W=(t={EOF:1,parseError:function(t,e){if(!this.yy.parser)throw new Error(t);this.yy.parser.parseError(t,e)},setInput:function(t,e){return this.yy=e||this.yy||{},this._input=t,this._more=this._backtrack=this.done=!1,this.yylineno=this.yyleng=0,this.yytext=this.matched=this.match="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[0,0]),this.offset=0,this},input:function(){var t=this._input[0];return this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t,t.match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g)?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.options.ranges&&this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(1),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).\n"+this.showPosition(),{text:"",token:null,line:this.yylineno})},less:function(t){this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(){var t=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);return(t.length>20?"...":"")+t.substr(-20).replace(/\n/g,"")},upcomingInput:function(){var t=this.match;return t.length<20&&(t+=this._input.substr(0,20-t.length)),(t.substr(0,20)+(t.length>20?"...":"")).replace(/\n/g,"")},showPosition:function(){var t=this.pastInput(),e=new Array(t.length+1).join("-");return t+this.upcomingInput()+"\n"+e+"^"},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done},this.options.ranges&&(i.yylloc.range=this.yylloc.range.slice(0))),(r=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g))&&(this.yylineno+=r.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:r?r[r.length-1].length-r[r.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return n;if(this._backtrack){for(var a in i)this[a]=i[a];return!1}return!1},next:function(){if(this.done)return this.EOF;var t,e,n,r;this._input||(this.done=!0),this._more||(this.yytext="",this.match="");for(var i=this._currentRules(),a=0;a<i.length;a++)if((n=this._input.match(this.rules[i[a]]))&&(!e||n[0].length>e[0].length)){if(e=n,r=a,this.options.backtrack_lexer){if(!1!==(t=this.test_match(n,i[a])))return t;if(this._backtrack){e=!1;continue}return!1}if(!this.options.flex)break}return e?!1!==(t=this.test_match(e,i[r]))&&t:""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". 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this.notes[this.notes.length-1]},actors:[],boxes:[],loops:[],messages:[],notes:[]},init:function(){this.sequenceItems=[],this.activations=[],this.models.clear(),this.data={startx:void 0,stopx:void 0,starty:void 0,stopy:void 0},this.verticalPos=0,ju(ar())},updateVal:function(t,e,n,r){void 0===t[e]?t[e]=n:t[e]=r(n,t[e])},updateBounds:function(t,e,n,r){const i=this;let a=0;function s(s){return function(o){a++;const l=i.sequenceItems.length-a+1;i.updateVal(o,"starty",e-l*Au.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(o,"stopy",r+l*Au.boxMargin,Math.max),i.updateVal(Ou.data,"startx",t-l*Au.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(Ou.data,"stopx",n+l*Au.boxMargin,Math.max),"activation"!==s&&(i.updateVal(o,"startx",t-l*Au.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(o,"stopx",n+l*Au.boxMargin,Math.max),i.updateVal(Ou.data,"starty",e-l*Au.boxMargin,Math.min),i.updateVal(Ou.data,"stopy",r+l*Au.boxMargin,Math.max))}}this.sequenceItems.forEach(s()),this.activations.forEach(s("activation"))},insert:function(t,e,n,r){const i=Math.min(t,n),a=Math.max(t,n),s=Math.min(e,r),o=Math.max(e,r);this.updateVal(Ou.data,"startx",i,Math.min),this.updateVal(Ou.data,"starty",s,Math.min),this.updateVal(Ou.data,"stopx",a,Math.max),this.updateVal(Ou.data,"stopy",o,Math.max),this.updateBounds(i,s,a,o)},newActivation:function(t,e,n){const r=n[t.from.actor],i=Ru(t.from.actor).length||0,a=r.x+r.width/2+(i-1)*Au.activationWidth/2;this.activations.push({startx:a,starty:this.verticalPos+2,stopx:a+Au.activationWidth,stopy:void 0,actor:t.from.actor,anchored:Cu.anchorElement(e)})},endActivation:function(t){const e=this.activations.map((function(t){return t.actor})).lastIndexOf(t.from.actor);return this.activations.splice(e,1)[0]},createLoop:function(t={message:void 0,wrap:!1,width:void 0},e){return{startx:void 0,starty:this.verticalPos,stopx:void 0,stopy:void 0,title:t.message,wrap:t.wrap,width:t.width,height:0,fill:e}},newLoop:function(t={message:void 0,wrap:!1,width:void 0},e){this.sequenceItems.push(this.createLoop(t,e))},endLoop:function(){return this.sequenceItems.pop()},addSectionToLoop:function(t){const e=this.sequenceItems.pop();e.sections=e.sections||[],e.sectionTitles=e.sectionTitles||[],e.sections.push({y:Ou.getVerticalPos(),height:0}),e.sectionTitles.push(t),this.sequenceItems.push(e)},bumpVerticalPos:function(t){this.verticalPos=this.verticalPos+t,this.data.stopy=this.verticalPos},getVerticalPos:function(){return this.verticalPos},getBounds:function(){return{bounds:this.data,models:this.models}}},Nu=t=>({fontFamily:t.messageFontFamily,fontSize:t.messageFontSize,fontWeight:t.messageFontWeight}),Bu=t=>({fontFamily:t.noteFontFamily,fontSize:t.noteFontSize,fontWeight:t.noteFontWeight}),Fu=t=>({fontFamily:t.actorFontFamily,fontSize:t.actorFontSize,fontWeight:t.actorFontWeight});const Iu=function(t,e,n,r,i,a,s){if(!0===i.hideUnusedParticipants){const t=new Set;a.forEach((e=>{t.add(e.from),t.add(e.to)})),n=n.filter((e=>t.has(e)))}let o,l=0,c=0,u=0;for(const d of n){const n=e[d],i=n.box;o&&o!=i&&(s||Ou.models.addBox(o),c+=Au.boxMargin+o.margin),i&&i!=o&&(s||(i.x=l+c,i.y=r),c+=i.margin),n.width=n.width||Au.width,n.height=Math.max(n.height||Au.height,Au.height),n.margin=n.margin||Au.actorMargin,n.x=l+c,n.y=Ou.getVerticalPos();const a=Cu.drawActor(t,n,Au,s);u=Math.max(u,a),Ou.insert(n.x,r,n.x+n.width,n.height),l+=n.width+c,n.box&&(n.box.width=l+i.margin-n.box.x),c=n.margin,o=n.box,Ou.models.addActor(n)}o&&!s&&Ou.models.addBox(o),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(u)},Pu=function(t,e,n,r){let i=0,a=0;for(const s of n){const n=e[s],o=Zu(n),l=Cu.drawPopup(t,n,o,Au,Au.forceMenus,r);l.height>i&&(i=l.height),l.width+n.x>a&&(a=l.width+n.x)}return{maxHeight:i,maxWidth:a}},ju=function(t){Sn(Au,t),t.fontFamily&&(Au.actorFontFamily=Au.noteFontFamily=Au.messageFontFamily=t.fontFamily),t.fontSize&&(Au.actorFontSize=Au.noteFontSize=Au.messageFontSize=t.fontSize),t.fontWeight&&(Au.actorFontWeight=Au.noteFontWeight=Au.messageFontWeight=t.fontWeight)},Ru=function(t){return Ou.activations.filter((function(e){return e.actor===t}))},Hu=function(t,e){const n=e[t],r=Ru(t);return[r.reduce((function(t,e){return Math.min(t,e.startx)}),n.x+n.width/2),r.reduce((function(t,e){return Math.max(t,e.stopx)}),n.x+n.width/2)]};function $u(t,e,n,r,i){Ou.bumpVerticalPos(n);let a=r;if(e.id&&e.message&&t[e.id]){const n=t[e.id].width,i=Nu(Au);e.message=Gn.wrapLabel(`[${e.message}]`,n-2*Au.wrapPadding,i),e.width=n,e.wrap=!0;const s=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(e.message,i),o=Math.max(s.height,Au.labelBoxHeight);a=r+o,St.debug(`${o} - ${e.message}`)}i(e),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(a)}const Zu=function(t){let e=0;const n=Fu(Au);for(const r in t.links){const t=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(r,n).width+2*Au.wrapPadding+2*Au.boxMargin;e<t&&(e=t)}return e};const Wu=function(t,e,n,r){const i={},a=[];let s,o,l;return t.forEach((function(t){switch(t.id=Gn.random({length:10}),t.type){case r.db.LINETYPE.LOOP_START:case r.db.LINETYPE.ALT_START:case r.db.LINETYPE.OPT_START:case r.db.LINETYPE.PAR_START:case r.db.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_START:case r.db.LINETYPE.BREAK_START:a.push({id:t.id,msg:t.message,from:Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,to:Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,width:0});break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ALT_ELSE:case r.db.LINETYPE.PAR_AND:case r.db.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_OPTION:t.message&&(s=a.pop(),i[s.id]=s,i[t.id]=s,a.push(s));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.LOOP_END:case r.db.LINETYPE.ALT_END:case r.db.LINETYPE.OPT_END:case r.db.LINETYPE.PAR_END:case r.db.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_END:case r.db.LINETYPE.BREAK_END:s=a.pop(),i[s.id]=s;break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_START:{const n=e[t.from?t.from.actor:t.to.actor],r=Ru(t.from?t.from.actor:t.to.actor).length,i=n.x+n.width/2+(r-1)*Au.activationWidth/2,a={startx:i,stopx:i+Au.activationWidth,actor:t.from.actor,enabled:!0};Ou.activations.push(a)}break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_END:{const e=Ou.activations.map((t=>t.actor)).lastIndexOf(t.from.actor);delete Ou.activations.splice(e,1)[0]}}void 0!==t.placement?(o=function(t,e,n){const r=e[t.from].x,i=e[t.to].x,a=t.wrap&&t.message;let s=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(a?Gn.wrapLabel(t.message,Au.width,Bu(Au)):t.message,Bu(Au));const o={width:a?Au.width:Math.max(Au.width,s.width+2*Au.noteMargin),height:0,startx:e[t.from].x,stopx:0,starty:0,stopy:0,message:t.message};return t.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.RIGHTOF?(o.width=a?Math.max(Au.width,s.width):Math.max(e[t.from].width/2+e[t.to].width/2,s.width+2*Au.noteMargin),o.startx=r+(e[t.from].width+Au.actorMargin)/2):t.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.LEFTOF?(o.width=a?Math.max(Au.width,s.width+2*Au.noteMargin):Math.max(e[t.from].width/2+e[t.to].width/2,s.width+2*Au.noteMargin),o.startx=r-o.width+(e[t.from].width-Au.actorMargin)/2):t.to===t.from?(s=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(a?Gn.wrapLabel(t.message,Math.max(Au.width,e[t.from].width),Bu(Au)):t.message,Bu(Au)),o.width=a?Math.max(Au.width,e[t.from].width):Math.max(e[t.from].width,Au.width,s.width+2*Au.noteMargin),o.startx=r+(e[t.from].width-o.width)/2):(o.width=Math.abs(r+e[t.from].width/2-(i+e[t.to].width/2))+Au.actorMargin,o.startx=r<i?r+e[t.from].width/2-Au.actorMargin/2:i+e[t.to].width/2-Au.actorMargin/2),a&&(o.message=Gn.wrapLabel(t.message,o.width-2*Au.wrapPadding,Bu(Au))),St.debug(`NM:[${o.startx},${o.stopx},${o.starty},${o.stopy}:${o.width},${o.height}=${t.message}]`),o}(t,e,r),t.noteModel=o,a.forEach((t=>{s=t,s.from=Math.min(s.from,o.startx),s.to=Math.max(s.to,o.startx+o.width),s.width=Math.max(s.width,Math.abs(s.from-s.to))-Au.labelBoxWidth}))):(l=function(t,e,n){let r=!1;if([n.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_OPEN,n.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_OPEN,n.db.LINETYPE.SOLID,n.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED,n.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_CROSS,n.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS,n.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_POINT,n.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT].includes(t.type)&&(r=!0),!r)return{};const i=Hu(t.from,e),a=Hu(t.to,e),s=i[0]<=a[0]?1:0,o=i[0]<a[0]?0:1,l=[...i,...a],c=Math.abs(a[o]-i[s]);t.wrap&&t.message&&(t.message=Gn.wrapLabel(t.message,Math.max(c+2*Au.wrapPadding,Au.width),Nu(Au)));const u=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(t.message,Nu(Au));return{width:Math.max(t.wrap?0:u.width+2*Au.wrapPadding,c+2*Au.wrapPadding,Au.width),height:0,startx:i[s],stopx:a[o],starty:0,stopy:0,message:t.message,type:t.type,wrap:t.wrap,fromBounds:Math.min.apply(null,l),toBounds:Math.max.apply(null,l)}}(t,e,r),t.msgModel=l,l.startx&&l.stopx&&a.length>0&&a.forEach((n=>{if(s=n,l.startx===l.stopx){const n=e[t.from],r=e[t.to];s.from=Math.min(n.x-l.width/2,n.x-n.width/2,s.from),s.to=Math.max(r.x+l.width/2,r.x+n.width/2,s.to),s.width=Math.max(s.width,Math.abs(s.to-s.from))-Au.labelBoxWidth}else s.from=Math.min(l.startx,s.from),s.to=Math.max(l.stopx,s.to),s.width=Math.max(s.width,l.width)-Au.labelBoxWidth})))})),Ou.activations=[],St.debug("Loop type widths:",i),i},zu={bounds:Ou,drawActors:Iu,drawActorsPopup:Pu,setConf:ju,draw:function(t,e,n,r){const{securityLevel:i,sequence:a}=ar();let s;Au=a,r.db.clear(),r.parser.parse(t),"sandbox"===i&&(s=(0,o.Ys)("#i"+e));const l="sandbox"===i?(0,o.Ys)(s.nodes()[0].contentDocument.body):(0,o.Ys)("body"),c="sandbox"===i?s.nodes()[0].contentDocument:document;Ou.init(),St.debug(r.db);const u="sandbox"===i?l.select(`[id="${e}"]`):(0,o.Ys)(`[id="${e}"]`),d=r.db.getActors(),h=r.db.getBoxes(),m=r.db.getActorKeys(),_=r.db.getMessages(),p=r.db.getDiagramTitle(),f=r.db.hasAtLeastOneBox(),y=r.db.hasAtLeastOneBoxWithTitle(),g=function(t,e,n){const r={};return e.forEach((function(e){if(t[e.to]&&t[e.from]){const i=t[e.to];if(e.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.LEFTOF&&!i.prevActor)return;if(e.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.RIGHTOF&&!i.nextActor)return;const a=void 0!==e.placement,s=!a,o=a?Bu(Au):Nu(Au),l=e.wrap?Gn.wrapLabel(e.message,Au.width-2*Au.wrapPadding,o):e.message,c=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(l,o).width+2*Au.wrapPadding;s&&e.from===i.nextActor?r[e.to]=Math.max(r[e.to]||0,c):s&&e.from===i.prevActor?r[e.from]=Math.max(r[e.from]||0,c):s&&e.from===e.to?(r[e.from]=Math.max(r[e.from]||0,c/2),r[e.to]=Math.max(r[e.to]||0,c/2)):e.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.RIGHTOF?r[e.from]=Math.max(r[e.from]||0,c):e.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.LEFTOF?r[i.prevActor]=Math.max(r[i.prevActor]||0,c):e.placement===n.db.PLACEMENT.OVER&&(i.prevActor&&(r[i.prevActor]=Math.max(r[i.prevActor]||0,c/2)),i.nextActor&&(r[e.from]=Math.max(r[e.from]||0,c/2)))}})),St.debug("maxMessageWidthPerActor:",r),r}(d,_,r);Au.height=function(t,e,n){let r=0;Object.keys(t).forEach((e=>{const n=t[e];n.wrap&&(n.description=Gn.wrapLabel(n.description,Au.width-2*Au.wrapPadding,Fu(Au)));const i=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(n.description,Fu(Au));n.width=n.wrap?Au.width:Math.max(Au.width,i.width+2*Au.wrapPadding),n.height=n.wrap?Math.max(i.height,Au.height):Au.height,r=Math.max(r,n.height)}));for(const a in e){const n=t[a];if(!n)continue;const r=t[n.nextActor];if(!r){const t=e[a]+Au.actorMargin-n.width/2;n.margin=Math.max(t,Au.actorMargin);continue}const i=e[a]+Au.actorMargin-n.width/2-r.width/2;n.margin=Math.max(i,Au.actorMargin)}let i=0;return n.forEach((e=>{const n=Nu(Au);let r=e.actorKeys.reduce(((e,n)=>e+(t[n].width+(t[n].margin||0))),0);r-=2*Au.boxTextMargin,e.wrap&&(e.name=Gn.wrapLabel(e.name,r-2*Au.wrapPadding,n));const a=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(e.name,n);i=Math.max(a.height,i);const s=Math.max(r,a.width+2*Au.wrapPadding);if(e.margin=Au.boxTextMargin,r<s){const t=(s-r)/2;e.margin+=t}})),n.forEach((t=>t.textMaxHeight=i)),Math.max(r,Au.height)}(d,g,h),Cu.insertComputerIcon(u),Cu.insertDatabaseIcon(u),Cu.insertClockIcon(u),f&&(Ou.bumpVerticalPos(Au.boxMargin),y&&Ou.bumpVerticalPos(h[0].textMaxHeight)),Iu(u,d,m,0,Au,_,!1);const b=Wu(_,d,g,r);Cu.insertArrowHead(u),Cu.insertArrowCrossHead(u),Cu.insertArrowFilledHead(u),Cu.insertSequenceNumber(u);let k=1,v=1;const x=[];_.forEach((function(t){let e,n,i;switch(t.type){case r.db.LINETYPE.NOTE:n=t.noteModel,function(t,e){Ou.bumpVerticalPos(Au.boxMargin),e.height=Au.boxMargin,e.starty=Ou.getVerticalPos();const n=Cu.getNoteRect();n.x=e.startx,n.y=e.starty,n.width=e.width||Au.width,n.class="note";const r=t.append("g"),i=Cu.drawRect(r,n),a=Cu.getTextObj();a.x=e.startx,a.y=e.starty,a.width=n.width,a.dy="1em",a.text=e.message,a.class="noteText",a.fontFamily=Au.noteFontFamily,a.fontSize=Au.noteFontSize,a.fontWeight=Au.noteFontWeight,a.anchor=Au.noteAlign,a.textMargin=Au.noteMargin,a.valign="center";const s=xu(r,a),o=Math.round(s.map((t=>(t._groups||t)[0][0].getBBox().height)).reduce(((t,e)=>t+e)));i.attr("height",o+2*Au.noteMargin),e.height+=o+2*Au.noteMargin,Ou.bumpVerticalPos(o+2*Au.noteMargin),e.stopy=e.starty+o+2*Au.noteMargin,e.stopx=e.startx+n.width,Ou.insert(e.startx,e.starty,e.stopx,e.stopy),Ou.models.addNote(e)}(u,n);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_START:Ou.newActivation(t,u,d);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ACTIVE_END:!function(t,e){const n=Ou.endActivation(t);n.starty+18>e&&(n.starty=e-6,e+=12),Cu.drawActivation(u,n,e,Au,Ru(t.from.actor).length),Ou.insert(n.startx,e-10,n.stopx,e)}(t,Ou.getVerticalPos());break;case r.db.LINETYPE.LOOP_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.LOOP_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawLoop(u,e,"loop",Au),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos()),Ou.models.addLoop(e);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.RECT_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(void 0,t.message)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.RECT_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawBackgroundRect(u,e),Ou.models.addLoop(e),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos());break;case r.db.LINETYPE.OPT_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.OPT_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawLoop(u,e,"opt",Au),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos()),Ou.models.addLoop(e);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ALT_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ALT_ELSE:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,Au.boxMargin,(t=>Ou.addSectionToLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.ALT_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawLoop(u,e,"alt",Au),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos()),Ou.models.addLoop(e);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.PAR_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.PAR_AND:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,Au.boxMargin,(t=>Ou.addSectionToLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.PAR_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawLoop(u,e,"par",Au),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos()),Ou.models.addLoop(e);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.AUTONUMBER:k=t.message.start||k,v=t.message.step||v,t.message.visible?r.db.enableSequenceNumbers():r.db.disableSequenceNumbers();break;case r.db.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_OPTION:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,Au.boxMargin,(t=>Ou.addSectionToLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.CRITICAL_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawLoop(u,e,"critical",Au),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos()),Ou.models.addLoop(e);break;case r.db.LINETYPE.BREAK_START:$u(b,t,Au.boxMargin,Au.boxMargin+Au.boxTextMargin,(t=>Ou.newLoop(t)));break;case r.db.LINETYPE.BREAK_END:e=Ou.endLoop(),Cu.drawLoop(u,e,"break",Au),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(e.stopy-Ou.getVerticalPos()),Ou.models.addLoop(e);break;default:try{i=t.msgModel,i.starty=Ou.getVerticalPos(),i.sequenceIndex=k,i.sequenceVisible=r.db.showSequenceNumbers();const e=function(t,e){Ou.bumpVerticalPos(10);const{startx:n,stopx:r,message:i}=e,a=Pt.splitBreaks(i).length,s=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(i,Nu(Au)),o=s.height/a;let l;e.height+=o,Ou.bumpVerticalPos(o);let c=s.height-10;const u=s.width;if(n===r){l=Ou.getVerticalPos()+c,Au.rightAngles||(c+=Au.boxMargin,l=Ou.getVerticalPos()+c),c+=30;const t=Math.max(u/2,Au.width/2);Ou.insert(n-t,Ou.getVerticalPos()-10+c,r+t,Ou.getVerticalPos()+30+c)}else c+=Au.boxMargin,l=Ou.getVerticalPos()+c,Ou.insert(n,l-10,r,l);return Ou.bumpVerticalPos(c),e.height+=c,e.stopy=e.starty+e.height,Ou.insert(e.fromBounds,e.starty,e.toBounds,e.stopy),l}(0,i);x.push({messageModel:i,lineStartY:e}),Ou.models.addMessage(i)}catch(a){St.error("error while drawing message",a)}}[r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_OPEN,r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_OPEN,r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID,r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED,r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_CROSS,r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS,r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_POINT,r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT].includes(t.type)&&(k+=v)})),x.forEach((t=>function(t,e,n,r){const{startx:i,stopx:a,starty:s,message:o,type:l,sequenceIndex:c,sequenceVisible:u}=e,d=Gn.calculateTextDimensions(o,Nu(Au)),h=Cu.getTextObj();h.x=i,h.y=s+10,h.width=a-i,h.class="messageText",h.dy="1em",h.text=o,h.fontFamily=Au.messageFontFamily,h.fontSize=Au.messageFontSize,h.fontWeight=Au.messageFontWeight,h.anchor=Au.messageAlign,h.valign="center",h.textMargin=Au.wrapPadding,h.tspan=!1,xu(t,h);const m=d.width;let _;i===a?_=Au.rightAngles?t.append("path").attr("d",`M ${i},${n} H ${i+Math.max(Au.width/2,m/2)} V ${n+25} H ${i}`):t.append("path").attr("d","M "+i+","+n+" C "+(i+60)+","+(n-10)+" "+(i+60)+","+(n+30)+" "+i+","+(n+20)):(_=t.append("line"),_.attr("x1",i),_.attr("y1",n),_.attr("x2",a),_.attr("y2",n)),l===r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED||l===r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS||l===r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT||l===r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_OPEN?(_.style("stroke-dasharray","3, 3"),_.attr("class","messageLine1")):_.attr("class","messageLine0");let p="";Au.arrowMarkerAbsolute&&(p=window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+window.location.pathname+window.location.search,p=p.replace(/\(/g,"\\("),p=p.replace(/\)/g,"\\)")),_.attr("stroke-width",2),_.attr("stroke","none"),_.style("fill","none"),l!==r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID&&l!==r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED||_.attr("marker-end","url("+p+"#arrowhead)"),l!==r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_POINT&&l!==r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_POINT||_.attr("marker-end","url("+p+"#filled-head)"),l!==r.db.LINETYPE.SOLID_CROSS&&l!==r.db.LINETYPE.DOTTED_CROSS||_.attr("marker-end","url("+p+"#crosshead)"),(u||Au.showSequenceNumbers)&&(_.attr("marker-start","url("+p+"#sequencenumber)"),t.append("text").attr("x",i).attr("y",n+4).attr("font-family","sans-serif").attr("font-size","12px").attr("text-anchor","middle").attr("class","sequenceNumber").text(c))}(u,t.messageModel,t.lineStartY,r))),Au.mirrorActors&&(Ou.bumpVerticalPos(2*Au.boxMargin),Iu(u,d,m,Ou.getVerticalPos(),Au,_,!0),Ou.bumpVerticalPos(Au.boxMargin),wu(u,Ou.getVerticalPos())),Ou.models.boxes.forEach((function(t){t.height=Ou.getVerticalPos()-t.y,Ou.insert(t.x,t.y,t.x+t.width,t.height),t.startx=t.x,t.starty=t.y,t.stopx=t.startx+t.width,t.stopy=t.starty+t.height,t.stroke="rgb(0,0,0, 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n},n=[1,2],r=[1,3],i=[1,5],a=[1,7],s=[2,5],o=[1,15],l=[1,17],c=[1,21],u=[1,22],d=[1,23],h=[1,24],m=[1,37],_=[1,25],p=[1,26],f=[1,27],y=[1,28],g=[1,29],b=[1,32],k=[1,33],v=[1,34],x=[1,35],M=[1,36],L=[1,39],w=[1,40],T=[1,41],S=[1,42],D=[1,38],Y=[1,45],E=[1,4,5,16,17,19,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,33,35,37,38,42,50,51,52,53,56,60],C=[1,4,5,14,15,16,17,19,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,33,35,37,38,42,50,51,52,53,56,60],A=[1,4,5,7,16,17,19,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,33,35,37,38,42,50,51,52,53,56,60],O=[4,5,16,17,19,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,33,35,37,38,42,50,51,52,53,56,60],N={trace:function(){},yy:{},symbols_:{error:2,start:3,SPACE:4,NL:5,directive:6,SD:7,document:8,line:9,statement:10,classDefStatement:11,cssClassStatement:12,idStatement:13,DESCR:14,"--\x3e":15,HIDE_EMPTY:16,scale:17,WIDTH:18,COMPOSIT_STATE:19,STRUCT_START:20,STRUCT_STOP:21,STATE_DESCR:22,AS:23,ID:24,FORK:25,JOIN:26,CHOICE:27,CONCURRENT:28,note:29,notePosition:30,NOTE_TEXT:31,direction:32,acc_title:33,acc_title_value:34,acc_descr:35,acc_descr_value:36,acc_descr_multiline_value:37,classDef:38,CLASSDEF_ID:39,CLASSDEF_STYLEOPTS:40,DEFAULT:41,class:42,CLASSENTITY_IDS:43,STYLECLASS:44,openDirective:45,typeDirective:46,closeDirective:47,":":48,argDirective:49,direction_tb:50,direction_bt:51,direction_rl:52,direction_lr:53,eol:54,";":55,EDGE_STATE:56,STYLE_SEPARATOR:57,left_of:58,right_of:59,open_directive:60,type_directive:61,arg_directive:62,close_directive:63,$accept:0,$end:1},terminals_:{2:"error",4:"SPACE",5:"NL",7:"SD",14:"DESCR",15:"--\x3e",16:"HIDE_EMPTY",17:"scale",18:"WIDTH",19:"COMPOSIT_STATE",20:"STRUCT_START",21:"STRUCT_STOP",22:"STATE_DESCR",23:"AS",24:"ID",25:"FORK",26:"JOIN",27:"CHOICE",28:"CONCURRENT",29:"note",31:"NOTE_TEXT",33:"acc_title",34:"acc_title_value",35:"acc_descr",36:"acc_descr_value",37:"acc_descr_multiline_value",38:"classDef",39:"CLASSDEF_ID",40:"CLASSDEF_STYLEOPTS",41:"DEFAULT",42:"class",43:"CLASSENTITY_IDS",44:"STYLECLASS",48:":",50:"direction_tb",51:"direction_bt",52:"direction_rl",53:"direction_lr",55:";",56:"EDGE_STATE",57:"STYLE_SEPARATOR",58:"left_of",59:"right_of",60:"open_directive",61:"type_directive",62:"arg_directive",63:"close_directive"},productions_:[0,[3,2],[3,2],[3,2],[3,2],[8,0],[8,2],[9,2],[9,1],[9,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,2],[10,3],[10,4],[10,1],[10,2],[10,1],[10,4],[10,3],[10,6],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,1],[10,4],[10,4],[10,1],[10,1],[10,2],[10,2],[10,1],[11,3],[11,3],[12,3],[6,3],[6,5],[32,1],[32,1],[32,1],[32,1],[54,1],[54,1],[13,1],[13,1],[13,3],[13,3],[30,1],[30,1],[45,1],[46,1],[49,1],[47,1]],performAction:function(t,e,n,r,i,a,s){var 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53:r.parseDirective("}%%","close_directive","state")}},table:[{3:1,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,45:6,60:a},{1:[3]},{3:8,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,45:6,60:a},{3:9,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,45:6,60:a},{3:10,4:n,5:r,6:4,7:i,45:6,60:a},e([1,4,5,16,17,19,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,33,35,37,38,42,50,51,52,53,56,60],s,{8:11}),{46:12,61:[1,13]},{61:[2,50]},{1:[2,1]},{1:[2,2]},{1:[2,3]},{1:[2,4],4:o,5:l,6:30,9:14,10:16,11:18,12:19,13:20,16:c,17:u,19:d,22:h,24:m,25:_,26:p,27:f,28:y,29:g,32:31,33:b,35:k,37:v,38:x,42:M,45:6,50:L,51:w,52:T,53:S,56:D,60:a},{47:43,48:[1,44],63:Y},e([48,63],[2,51]),e(E,[2,6]),{6:30,10:46,11:18,12:19,13:20,16:c,17:u,19:d,22:h,24:m,25:_,26:p,27:f,28:y,29:g,32:31,33:b,35:k,37:v,38:x,42:M,45:6,50:L,51:w,52:T,53:S,56:D,60:a},e(E,[2,8]),e(E,[2,9]),e(E,[2,10]),e(E,[2,11]),e(E,[2,12],{14:[1,47],15:[1,48]}),e(E,[2,16]),{18:[1,49]},e(E,[2,18],{20:[1,50]}),{23:[1,51]},e(E,[2,22]),e(E,[2,23]),e(E,[2,24]),e(E,[2,25]),{30:52,31:[1,53],58:[1,54],59:[1,55]},e(E,[2,28]),e(E,[2,29]),{34:[1,56]},{36:[1,57]},e(E,[2,32]),{39:[1,58],41:[1,59]},{43:[1,60]},e(C,[2,44],{57:[1,61]}),e(C,[2,45],{57:[1,62]}),e(E,[2,38]),e(E,[2,39]),e(E,[2,40]),e(E,[2,41]),e(A,[2,36]),{49:63,62:[1,64]},e(A,[2,53]),e(E,[2,7]),e(E,[2,13]),{13:65,24:m,56:D},e(E,[2,17]),e(O,s,{8:66}),{24:[1,67]},{24:[1,68]},{23:[1,69]},{24:[2,48]},{24:[2,49]},e(E,[2,30]),e(E,[2,31]),{40:[1,70]},{40:[1,71]},{44:[1,72]},{24:[1,73]},{24:[1,74]},{47:75,63:Y},{63:[2,52]},e(E,[2,14],{14:[1,76]}),{4:o,5:l,6:30,9:14,10:16,11:18,12:19,13:20,16:c,17:u,19:d,21:[1,77],22:h,24:m,25:_,26:p,27:f,28:y,29:g,32:31,33:b,35:k,37:v,38:x,42:M,45:6,50:L,51:w,52:T,53:S,56:D,60:a},e(E,[2,20],{20:[1,78]}),{31:[1,79]},{24:[1,80]},e(E,[2,33]),e(E,[2,34]),e(E,[2,35]),e(C,[2,46]),e(C,[2,47]),e(A,[2,37]),e(E,[2,15]),e(E,[2,19]),e(O,s,{8:81}),e(E,[2,26]),e(E,[2,27]),{4:o,5:l,6:30,9:14,10:16,11:18,12:19,13:20,16:c,17:u,19:d,21:[1,82],22:h,24:m,25:_,26:p,27:f,28:y,29:g,32:31,33:b,35:k,37:v,38:x,42:M,45:6,50:L,51:w,52:T,53:S,56:D,60:a},e(E,[2,21])],defaultActions:{7:[2,50],8:[2,1],9:[2,2],10:[2,3],54:[2,48],55:[2,49],64:[2,52]},parseError:function(t,e){if(!e.recoverable){var 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e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.offset-=e;var r=this.match.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-1),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-1),n.length-1&&(this.yylineno-=n.length-1);var i=this.yylloc.range;return this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:n?(n.length===r.length?this.yylloc.first_column:0)+r[r.length-n.length].length-n[0].length:this.yylloc.first_column-e},this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[i[0],i[0]+this.yyleng-e]),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){return this.options.backtrack_lexer?(this._backtrack=!0,this):this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". 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Xu:gd(t.state1,t.state2,t.description);break;case"classDef":kd(t.id.trim(),t.classes);break;case"applyClass":vd(t.id.trim(),t.styleClass)}}))},trimColon:t=>t&&":"===t[0]?t.substr(1).trim():t.trim(),getAccTitle:Nr,setAccTitle:Or,getAccDescription:Fr,setAccDescription:Br,addStyleClass:kd,setCssClass:vd,addDescription:bd,setDiagramTitle:Ir,getDiagramTitle:Pr},wd={},Td=(t,e)=>{wd[t]=e},Sd=(t,e)=>{const n=t.append("text").attr("x",2*ar().state.padding).attr("y",ar().state.textHeight+1.3*ar().state.padding).attr("font-size",ar().state.fontSize).attr("class","state-title").text(e.descriptions[0]).node().getBBox(),r=n.height,i=t.append("text").attr("x",ar().state.padding).attr("y",r+.4*ar().state.padding+ar().state.dividerMargin+ar().state.textHeight).attr("class","state-description");let a=!0,s=!0;e.descriptions.forEach((function(t){a||(!function(t,e,n){const r=t.append("tspan").attr("x",2*ar().state.padding).text(e);n||r.attr("dy",ar().state.textHeight)}(i,t,s),s=!1),a=!1}));const 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t.insert("rect",":first-child").attr("x",u).attr("y",m).attr("class",n?"alt-composit":"composit").attr("width",d).attr("height",h.height+ar().state.textHeight+ar().state.titleShift+1).attr("rx","0"),l.attr("x",u+r),c<=s&&l.attr("x",o+(d-i)/2-c/2+r),t.insert("rect",":first-child").attr("x",u).attr("y",ar().state.titleShift-ar().state.textHeight-ar().state.padding).attr("width",d).attr("height",3*ar().state.textHeight).attr("rx",ar().state.radius),t.insert("rect",":first-child").attr("x",u).attr("y",ar().state.titleShift-ar().state.textHeight-ar().state.padding).attr("width",d).attr("height",h.height+3+2*ar().state.textHeight).attr("rx",ar().state.radius),t},Yd=(t,e)=>{e.attr("class","state-note");const n=e.append("rect").attr("x",0).attr("y",ar().state.padding),r=e.append("g"),{textWidth:i,textHeight:a}=((t,e,n,r)=>{let i=0;const a=r.append("text");a.style("text-anchor","start"),a.attr("class","noteText");let s=t.replace(/\r\n/g,"<br/>");s=s.replace(/\n/g,"<br/>");const o=s.split(Pt.lineBreakRegex);let l=1.25*ar().state.noteMargin;for(const c of o){const t=c.trim();if(t.length>0){const r=a.append("tspan");r.text(t),0===l&&(l+=r.node().getBBox().height),i+=l,r.attr("x",e+ar().state.noteMargin),r.attr("y",n+i+1.25*ar().state.noteMargin)}}return{textWidth:a.node().getBBox().width,textHeight:i}})(t,0,0,r);return n.attr("height",a+2*ar().state.noteMargin),n.attr("width",i+2*ar().state.noteMargin),n},Ed=function(t,e){const 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r.width=a.width+2*ar().state.padding,r.height=a.height+2*ar().state.padding,Td(n,r),r};let Cd=0;let Ad;const Od={},Nd=(t,e,n,r,i,a,s)=>{const l=new ut.k({compound:!0,multigraph:!0});let c,u=!0;for(c=0;c<t.length;c++)if("relation"===t[c].stmt){u=!1;break}n?l.setGraph({rankdir:"LR",multigraph:!0,compound:!0,ranker:"tight-tree",ranksep:u?1:Ad.edgeLengthFactor,nodeSep:u?1:50,isMultiGraph:!0}):l.setGraph({rankdir:"TB",multigraph:!0,compound:!0,ranksep:u?1:Ad.edgeLengthFactor,nodeSep:u?1:50,ranker:"tight-tree",isMultiGraph:!0}),l.setDefaultEdgeLabel((function(){return{}})),s.db.extract(t);const d=s.db.getStates(),h=s.db.getRelations(),m=Object.keys(d);for(const o of m){const t=d[o];let c;if(n&&(t.parentId=n),t.doc){let n=e.append("g").attr("id",t.id).attr("class","stateGroup");c=Nd(t.doc,n,t.id,!r,i,a,s);{n=Dd(n,t,r);let e=n.node().getBBox();c.width=e.width,c.height=e.height+Ad.padding/2,Od[t.id]={y:Ad.compositTitleSize}}}else c=Ed(e,t);if(t.note){const 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MMMM YYYY",LLL:"D MMMM YYYY H:mm",LLLL:"dddd, D MMMM YYYY H:mm"},calendar:{sameDay:"[\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0432] LT",nextDay:"[\u0423\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0432] LT",nextWeek:"dddd [\u0432] LT",lastDay:"[\u0412\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432] LT",lastWeek:function(){switch(this.day()){case 0:case 3:case 6:return"[\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430] dddd [\u0432] LT";case 1:case 2:case 4:case 5:return"[\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f] dddd [\u0432] LT"}},sameElse:"L"},relativeTime:{future:"\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 %s",past:"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 %s",s:"\u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0438",ss:"%d \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0438",m:"\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430",mm:"%d \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438",h:"\u0447\u0430\u0441",hh:"%d \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430",d:"\u0434\u0435\u043d",dd:"%d \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430",w:"\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0446\u0430",ww:"%d 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strict";t.defineLocale("ml",{months:"\u0d1c\u0d28\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f_\u0d2b\u0d46\u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f_\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d_\u0d0f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d_\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d4d_\u0d1c\u0d42\u0d7a_\u0d1c\u0d42\u0d32\u0d48_\u0d13\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d_\u0d38\u0d46\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02\u0d2c\u0d7c_\u0d12\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b\u0d2c\u0d7c_\u0d28\u0d35\u0d02\u0d2c\u0d7c_\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d02\u0d2c\u0d7c".split("_"),monthsShort:"\u0d1c\u0d28\u0d41._\u0d2b\u0d46\u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d41._\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c._\u0d0f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f._\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d4d_\u0d1c\u0d42\u0d7a_\u0d1c\u0d42\u0d32\u0d48._\u0d13\u0d17._\u0d38\u0d46\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31._\u0d12\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b._\u0d28\u0d35\u0d02._\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d02.".split("_"),monthsParseExact:!0,weekdays:"\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a_\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a_\u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a_\u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a_\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a_\u0d35\u0d46\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a_\u0d36\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a".split("_"),weekdaysShort:"\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d7c_\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7e_\u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35_\u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d7b_\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d02_\u0d35\u0d46\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f_\u0d36\u0d28\u0d3f".split("_"),weekdaysMin:"\u0d1e\u0d3e_\u0d24\u0d3f_\u0d1a\u0d4a_\u0d2c\u0d41_\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e_\u0d35\u0d46_\u0d36".split("_"),longDateFormat:{LT:"A 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\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d02",M:"\u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02",MM:"%d \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02",y:"\u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d37\u0d02",yy:"%d \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d37\u0d02"},meridiemParse:/\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f|\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46|\u0d09\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4d|\u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02|\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f/i,meridiemHour:function(t,e){return 12===t&&(t=0),"\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f"===e&&t>=4||"\u0d09\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4d"===e||"\u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02"===e?t+12:t},meridiem:function(t,e,n){return t<4?"\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f":t<12?"\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46":t<17?"\u0d09\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4d":t<20?"\u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02":"\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f"}})}(n(30381))},5115:function(t,e,n){!function(t){"use strict";function e(t,e,n,r){switch(n){case"s":return e?"\u0445\u044d\u0434\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434":"\u0445\u044d\u0434\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b\u043d";case"ss":return t+(e?" \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434":" \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b\u043d");case"m":case"mm":return t+(e?" \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442":" \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043d");case"h":case"hh":return t+(e?" \u0446\u0430\u0433":" \u0446\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d");case"d":case"dd":return t+(e?" \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440":" \u04e9\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d");case"M":case"MM":return t+(e?" \u0441\u0430\u0440":" \u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d");case"y":case"yy":return t+(e?" \u0436\u0438\u043b":" \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d");default:return t}}t.defineLocale("mn",{months:"\u041d\u044d\u0433\u0434\u04af\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0425\u043e\u0451\u0440\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0413\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0414\u04e9\u0440\u04e9\u0432\u0434\u04af\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0422\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0417\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u041d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0415\u0441\u0434\u04af\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0410\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u044d\u0433\u0434\u04af\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440_\u0410\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0451\u0440\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u0440".split("_"),monthsShort:"1 \u0441\u0430\u0440_2 \u0441\u0430\u0440_3 \u0441\u0430\u0440_4 \u0441\u0430\u0440_5 \u0441\u0430\u0440_6 \u0441\u0430\u0440_7 \u0441\u0430\u0440_8 \u0441\u0430\u0440_9 \u0441\u0430\u0440_10 \u0441\u0430\u0440_11 \u0441\u0430\u0440_12 \u0441\u0430\u0440".split("_"),monthsParseExact:!0,weekdays:"\u041d\u044f\u043c_\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0430_\u041c\u044f\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0440_\u041b\u0445\u0430\u0433\u0432\u0430_\u041f\u04af\u0440\u044d\u0432_\u0411\u0430\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d_\u0411\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0430".split("_"),weekdaysShort:"\u041d\u044f\u043c_\u0414\u0430\u0432_\u041c\u044f\u0433_\u041b\u0445\u0430_\u041f\u04af\u0440_\u0411\u0430\u0430_\u0411\u044f\u043c".split("_"),weekdaysMin:"\u041d\u044f_\u0414\u0430_\u041c\u044f_\u041b\u0445_\u041f\u04af_\u0411\u0430_\u0411\u044f".split("_"),weekdaysParseExact:!0,longDateFormat:{LT:"HH:mm",LTS:"HH:mm:ss",L:"YYYY-MM-DD",LL:"YYYY \u043e\u043d\u044b MMMM\u044b\u043d D",LLL:"YYYY \u043e\u043d\u044b MMMM\u044b\u043d D HH:mm",LLLL:"dddd, YYYY \u043e\u043d\u044b MMMM\u044b\u043d D HH:mm"},meridiemParse:/\u04ae\u04e8|\u04ae\u0425/i,isPM:function(t){return"\u04ae\u0425"===t},meridiem:function(t,e,n){return t<12?"\u04ae\u04e8":"\u04ae\u0425"},calendar:{sameDay:"[\u04e8\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440] LT",nextDay:"[\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0448] LT",nextWeek:"[\u0418\u0440\u044d\u0445] dddd LT",lastDay:"[\u04e8\u0447\u0438\u0433\u0434\u04e9\u0440] LT",lastWeek:"[\u04e8\u043d\u0433\u04e9\u0440\u0441\u04e9\u043d] dddd LT",sameElse:"L"},relativeTime:{future:"%s \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0430",past:"%s \u04e9\u043c\u043d\u04e9",s:e,ss:e,m:e,mm:e,h:e,hh:e,d:e,dd:e,M:e,MM:e,y:e,yy:e},dayOfMonthOrdinalParse:/\d{1,2} \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440/,ordinal:function(t,e){switch(e){case"d":case"D":case"DDD":return t+" \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440";default:return t}}})}(n(30381))},10370:function(t,e,n){!function(t){"use strict";var e={1:"\u0967",2:"\u0968",3:"\u0969",4:"\u096a",5:"\u096b",6:"\u096c",7:"\u096d",8:"\u096e",9:"\u096f",0:"\u0966"},n={"\u0967":"1","\u0968":"2","\u0969":"3","\u096a":"4","\u096b":"5","\u096c":"6","\u096d":"7","\u096e":"8","\u096f":"9","\u0966":"0"};function r(t,e,n,r){var i="";if(e)switch(n){case"s":i="\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0926";break;case"ss":i="%d \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0926";break;case"m":i="\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u091f";break;case"mm":i="%d \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0947";break;case"h":i="\u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0938";break;case"hh":i="%d \u0924\u093e\u0938";break;case"d":i="\u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938";break;case"dd":i="%d \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938";break;case"M":i="\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e";break;case"MM":i="%d \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947";break;case"y":i="\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937";break;case"yy":i="%d \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0947"}else switch(n){case"s":i="\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0902";break;case"ss":i="%d \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0902";break;case"m":i="\u090f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u091f\u093e";break;case"mm":i="%d \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u091f\u093e\u0902";break;case"h":i="\u090f\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0938\u093e";break;case"hh":i="%d \u0924\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0902";break;case"d":i="\u090f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u093e";break;case"dd":i="%d \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0902";break;case"M":i="\u090f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e";break;case"MM":i="%d \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902";break;case"y":i="\u090f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e";break;case"yy":i="%d \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902"}return i.replace(/%d/i,t)}t.defineLocale("mr",{months:"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940_\u092b\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940_\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a_\u090f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932_\u092e\u0947_\u091c\u0942\u0928_\u091c\u0941\u0932\u0948_\u0911\u0917\u0938\u094d\u091f_\u0938\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0930_\u0911\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092c\u0930_\u0928\u094b\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0930_\u0921\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0930".split("_"),monthsShort:"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947._\u092b\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0941._\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a._\u090f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f._\u092e\u0947._\u091c\u0942\u0928._\u091c\u0941\u0932\u0948._\u0911\u0917._\u0938\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902._\u0911\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094b._\u0928\u094b\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902._\u0921\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0902.".split("_"),monthsParseExact:!0,weekdays:"\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930_\u0938\u094b\u092e\u0935\u093e\u0930_\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0933\u0935\u093e\u0930_\u092c\u0941\u0927\u0935\u093e\u0930_\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0942\u0935\u093e\u0930_\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0930_\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930".split("_"),weekdaysShort:"\u0930\u0935\u093f_\u0938\u094b\u092e_\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0933_\u092c\u0941\u0927_\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0942_\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930_\u0936\u0928\u093f".split("_"),weekdaysMin:"\u0930_\u0938\u094b_\u092e\u0902_\u092c\u0941_\u0917\u0941_\u0936\u0941_\u0936".split("_"),longDateFormat:{LT:"A 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MMMM YYYY \u0433.",LLL:"D MMMM YYYY \u0433., H:mm",LLLL:"dddd, D MMMM YYYY \u0433., H:mm"},calendar:{sameDay:"[\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f, \u0432] LT",nextDay:"[\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0432] LT",lastDay:"[\u0412\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432] LT",nextWeek:function(t){if(t.week()===this.week())return 2===this.day()?"[\u0412\u043e] dddd, [\u0432] LT":"[\u0412] dddd, [\u0432] LT";switch(this.day()){case 0:return"[\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435] dddd, [\u0432] LT";case 1:case 2:case 4:return"[\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439] dddd, [\u0432] LT";case 3:case 5:case 6:return"[\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e] dddd, [\u0432] LT"}},lastWeek:function(t){if(t.week()===this.week())return 2===this.day()?"[\u0412\u043e] dddd, [\u0432] LT":"[\u0412] dddd, [\u0432] LT";switch(this.day()){case 0:return"[\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435] dddd, [\u0432] LT";case 1:case 2:case 4:return"[\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439] dddd, [\u0432] LT";case 3:case 5:case 6:return"[\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0443\u044e] dddd, [\u0432] LT"}},sameElse:"L"},relativeTime:{future:"\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 %s",past:"%s \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434",s:"\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434",ss:n,m:n,mm:n,h:"\u0447\u0430\u0441",hh:n,d:"\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c",dd:n,w:"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f",ww:n,M:"\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446",MM:n,y:"\u0433\u043e\u0434",yy:n},meridiemParse:/\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0438|\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430|\u0434\u043d\u044f|\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430/i,isPM:function(t){return/^(\u0434\u043d\u044f|\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430)$/.test(t)},meridiem:function(t,e,n){return t<4?"\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0438":t<12?"\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430":t<17?"\u0434\u043d\u044f":"\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430"},dayOfMonthOrdinalParse:/\d{1,2}-(\u0439|\u0433\u043e|\u044f)/,ordinal:function(t,e){switch(e){case"M":case"d":case"DDD":return t+"-\u0439";case"D":return t+"-\u0433\u043e";case"w":case"W":return t+"-\u044f";default:return t}},week:{dow:1,doy:4}})}(n(30381))},40950:function(t,e,n){!function(t){"use strict";var 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n={nominative:"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f_\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043a_\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a_\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430_\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440_\u043f\u2019\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f_\u0441\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430".split("_"),accusative:"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044e_\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043a_\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a_\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443_\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440_\u043f\u2019\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044e_\u0441\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443".split("_"),genitive:"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0456_\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043b\u043a\u0430_\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430_\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438_\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430_\u043f\u2019\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0456_\u0441\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438".split("_")};return!0===t?n.nominative.slice(1,7).concat(n.nominative.slice(0,1)):t?n[/(\[[\u0412\u0432\u0423\u0443]\]) 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MMMM YYYY \u0440.",LLL:"D MMMM YYYY \u0440., HH:mm",LLLL:"dddd, D MMMM YYYY \u0440., HH:mm"},calendar:{sameDay:i("[\u0421\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 "),nextDay:i("[\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430 "),lastDay:i("[\u0412\u0447\u043e\u0440\u0430 "),nextWeek:i("[\u0423] dddd ["),lastWeek:function(){switch(this.day()){case 0:case 3:case 5:case 6:return i("[\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0457] dddd [").call(this);case 1:case 2:case 4:return i("[\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e] dddd [").call(this)}},sameElse:"L"},relativeTime:{future:"\u0437\u0430 %s",past:"%s \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443",s:"\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 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e=["\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc","\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc","\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686","\u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644","\u0645\u0626\u06cc","\u062c\u0648\u0646","\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc","\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a","\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631","\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631","\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631","\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631"],n=["\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631","\u067e\u06cc\u0631","\u0645\u0646\u06af\u0644","\u0628\u062f\u06be","\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a","\u062c\u0645\u0639\u06c1","\u06c1\u0641\u062a\u06c1"];t.defineLocale("ur",{months:e,monthsShort:e,weekdays:n,weekdaysShort:n,weekdaysMin:n,longDateFormat:{LT:"HH:mm",LTS:"HH:mm:ss",L:"DD/MM/YYYY",LL:"D MMMM YYYY",LLL:"D MMMM YYYY HH:mm",LLLL:"dddd\u060c D MMMM YYYY HH:mm"},meridiemParse:/\u0635\u0628\u062d|\u0634\u0627\u0645/,isPM:function(t){return"\u0634\u0627\u0645"===t},meridiem:function(t,e,n){return t<12?"\u0635\u0628\u062d":"\u0634\u0627\u0645"},calendar:{sameDay:"[\u0622\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a] LT",nextDay:"[\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a] LT",nextWeek:"dddd [\u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a] LT",lastDay:"[\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u06c1 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a] LT",lastWeek:"[\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u06c1] dddd [\u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a] LT",sameElse:"L"},relativeTime:{future:"%s \u0628\u0639\u062f",past:"%s \u0642\u0628\u0644",s:"\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0688",ss:"%d \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0688",m:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0679",mm:"%d \u0645\u0646\u0679",h:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1",hh:"%d \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06d2",d:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646",dd:"%d \u062f\u0646",M:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06c1",MM:"%d \u0645\u0627\u06c1",y:"\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644",yy:"%d \u0633\u0627\u0644"},preparse:function(t){return t.replace(/\u060c/g,",")},postformat:function(t){return t.replace(/,/g,"\u060c")},week:{dow:1,doy:4}})}(n(30381))},60588:function(t,e,n){!function(t){"use strict";t.defineLocale("uz-latn",{months:"Yanvar_Fevral_Mart_Aprel_May_Iyun_Iyul_Avgust_Sentabr_Oktabr_Noyabr_Dekabr".split("_"),monthsShort:"Yan_Fev_Mar_Apr_May_Iyun_Iyul_Avg_Sen_Okt_Noy_Dek".split("_"),weekdays:"Yakshanba_Dushanba_Seshanba_Chorshanba_Payshanba_Juma_Shanba".split("_"),weekdaysShort:"Yak_Dush_Sesh_Chor_Pay_Jum_Shan".split("_"),weekdaysMin:"Ya_Du_Se_Cho_Pa_Ju_Sha".split("_"),longDateFormat:{LT:"HH:mm",LTS:"HH:mm:ss",L:"DD/MM/YYYY",LL:"D MMMM YYYY",LLL:"D MMMM YYYY HH:mm",LLLL:"D MMMM YYYY, dddd HH:mm"},calendar:{sameDay:"[Bugun soat] LT [da]",nextDay:"[Ertaga] LT [da]",nextWeek:"dddd [kuni soat] LT [da]",lastDay:"[Kecha soat] LT [da]",lastWeek:"[O'tgan] dddd [kuni soat] LT [da]",sameElse:"L"},relativeTime:{future:"Yaqin %s ichida",past:"Bir necha %s oldin",s:"soniya",ss:"%d soniya",m:"bir daqiqa",mm:"%d daqiqa",h:"bir soat",hh:"%d soat",d:"bir kun",dd:"%d kun",M:"bir oy",MM:"%d oy",y:"bir yil",yy:"%d yil"},week:{dow:1,doy:7}})}(n(30381))},6791:function(t,e,n){!function(t){"use 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This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError>")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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You can even debug the code in real time -\nsimply use your IDE's debug functionality."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," of the OdraVM."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain,\nthe OdraVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the OdraVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nOdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro is responsible for converting\nyour ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Container"),".\nWhen the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address.\nDuring the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code."),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[Contract Container];\n id2[Contract Container]--\x3eid3((Contract Registry))\n id3((Contract Registry))--\x3eid4[(OdraVM Execution)]"}))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/90f06335.8b8a70e1.js b/docs/assets/js/90f06335.8b8a70e1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c77a6767f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/90f06335.8b8a70e1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[1459],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=r,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)l[d]=t[d];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},58009:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Using odra-modules",i={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.4.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - 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a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"ERC20")," standard."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc721"},"Erc721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721"},"ERC721")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC721Base")," and additionally uses\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extensions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Receiver")," trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc721WithMetadata")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Token"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc721Metadata")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc1155"},"Erc1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Base")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155"},"ERC1155")," standard, adjusted for the Odra framework."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," module implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ERC1155Base")," and additionally uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," extension."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedErc1155")," trait is a combination of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc1155Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/918e870d.2fe045b9.js b/docs/assets/js/918e870d.2fe045b9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19f7972f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/918e870d.2fe045b9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[13849],{38967:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Module reusing","permalink":"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/using"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/919c36c8.0e087792.js b/docs/assets/js/919c36c8.0e087792.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd452f7b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/919c36c8.0e087792.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[48221],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=t(67294);function a(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(o=o.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var t=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?n(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(r){a(e,r,t[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):n(Object(t)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var t,o,a=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var t,o,a={},n=Object.keys(e);for(o=0;o<n.length;o++)t=n[o],r.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o<n.length;o++)t=n[o],r.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=o.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},r)}},u=o.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?o.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<n;p++)l[p]=t[p];return o.createElement.apply(null,l)}return o.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},96739:(e,r,t)=>{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var o=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.5.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the Odra main repository."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/91b04621.e9cd120b.js b/docs/assets/js/91b04621.e9cd120b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf8cbaf74 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/91b04621.e9cd120b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59809],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):s(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function o(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<s.length;n++)a=s[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<s.length;n++)a=s[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p<s;p++)i[p]=a[p];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},38392:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable<bool>,\n weight: Variable<u32>,\n name: Variable<String>,\n walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n friends: Mapping<String, u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List<T> {\n values: Mapping<u32, T>,\n index: Variable<u32>\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n walks: List<u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option<Address>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/93381d6e.dd65ae1c.js b/docs/assets/js/93381d6e.dd65ae1c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d47941203 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/93381d6e.dd65ae1c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[76798],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?r(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):r(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,o={},r=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<r.length;a++)n=r[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<r.length;a++)n=r[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),f=o,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(f)]||p[f]||u[f]||r;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,s=new Array(r);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<r;c++)s[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},74173:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:10},s="Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/deploying-on-casper",id:"tutorials/deploying-on-casper",title:"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet",description:"In this tutorial, we will take the token we created in",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/deploying-on-casper",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra for Solidity developers",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity"},next:{title:"Migrations",permalink:"/docs/next/category/migrations"}},l={},c=[{value:"Casper Wallet",id:"casper-wallet",level:2},{value:"Getting tokens",id:"getting-tokens",level:2},{value:"Odra Livenet",id:"odra-livenet",level:2},{value:"Cspr.live",id:"csprlive",level:2},{value:"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet",id:"transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"deploying-a-token-on-casper-livenet"},"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will take the token we created in\nthe previous one and deploy it on the Livenet Casper network,\nusing the Odra Livenet backend."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will also take a look at the tools that Casper Ecosystem\nprovides to interact with our newly deployed token."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Most of this tutorial will work with any Casper contract.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-wallet"},"Casper Wallet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial.\nTo install it, please follow the instructions on the\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.casperwallet.io/"},"official website"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account\nyou want to use for our testing.\nYou can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys.\nWe recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy\nour contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"getting-tokens"},"Getting tokens"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR.\nThe easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send\nus 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use the faucet, go to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"Casper Testnet Faucet"),'.\nLog in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button.'),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can\neither ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account\nin the wallet.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra!"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-livenet"},"Odra Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra Livenet is described in detail in the\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../backends/livenet"},"backends section")," of this documentation.\nWe will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="bin/our_token_livenet.rs"',title:'"bin/our_token_livenet.rs"'},'//! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial\n//! creator.\nuse std::str::FromStr;\n\nuse odra::casper_types::U256;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader};\nuse odra::Address;\nuse ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs};\n\nfn main() {\n // Load the Casper livenet environment.\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Just some random address...\n let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Deploy new contract.\n let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env);\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Propose minting new tokens.\n env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);\n token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000));\n\n // Vote, we are the only voter.\n env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);\n token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000));\n\n // Let\'s advance the block time by 11 minutes, as\n // we set the voting time to 10 minutes.\n // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time...\n // Hopefully you are not in a hurry.\n env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000);\n\n // Tally the votes.\n env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64);\n token.tally();\n\n // Check the balances.\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner));\n println!(\n "Tutorial creator\'s balance: {:?}",\n token.balance_of(&recipient)\n );\n}\n\n/// Deploys a contract.\npub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {\n let name = String::from("OurToken");\n let symbol = String::from("OT");\n let decimals = 0;\n let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000);\n\n let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply,\n };\n\n env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64);\n OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args)\n}\n\n/// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later...\nfn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {\n let address = "hash-XXXXX";\n let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address)\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and\nregister the new binary. In the end, it should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:'title="Cargo.toml"',title:'"Cargo.toml"'},'[package]\nname = "ourcoin"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }\nodra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true }\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = []\nlivenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "ourcoin_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "ourcoin_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "our_token_livenet"\npath = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Finally, add the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with the following content:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env",metastring:'title=".env"',title:'".env"'},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path\nwith the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using\nwill be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will\nhave to find and use another node IP address.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we will run our code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},' Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet`\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploying "OurToken".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed.\n\nToken address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857\n\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed.\n\nOwner\'s balance: 1000\nTutorial creator\'s balance: 1000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network!\nBefore we move on, note the address of the token!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it is\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857"),"."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"csprlive"},"Cspr.live"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer,\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://cspr.live/"},"cspr.live"),". We can put the address of our token in the search bar\nto find it."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet\nnetwork is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details.\nBesides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it\nwas developed using a standard that cspr.live supports."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token!\nWe see the name, symbol and total supply.\nAll the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead\nof the contract address."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"contract.png",src:n(27149).Z,width:"444",height:"417"})),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened\nwith the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section\nand transfers done during the voting process."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"transactions.png",src:n(98477).Z,width:"605",height:"343"})),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the\naccount page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account\nhas - and OurToken is one of them!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development\nof this tutorial ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/contract-package/565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857"},"here"),"."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet"},"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting\nthe private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts\ndeployed on the network."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see\nthem in the Casper Wallet window."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You should also be able to transfer them to another account!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"wallet.png",src:n(30416).Z,width:"351",height:"591"})),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it\nusing the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the\ncspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem\nprovides. Feel free to explore them on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casperecosystem.io/"},"casperecosystem.io"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0},27149:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/contract-4a6ad767dffcbb5b1b7e793447a41680.png"},98477:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/transactions-3d96ebac6e49c7b9bee5ef5bc14a4ef4.png"},30416:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/wallet-d80c30c75d661377a4d31b1c8fb24664.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/93514764.4449932d.js b/docs/assets/js/93514764.4449932d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74c20444d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/93514764.4449932d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63336],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var 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Odra",permalink:"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra"}},c={image:r(32899).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},s=[],u={toc:s};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Over the past months,\nwe have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world.\nWhile we are proud of what we have achieved so far,\nthe hard part is just beginning.\nSmart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra.\nWe are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},32899:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/roadmap-8255e4b08deb4134a7e97e32c21ad0dc.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/935f2afb.34b51fba.js b/docs/assets/js/935f2afb.34b51fba.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab86f0ef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/935f2afb.34b51fba.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use 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allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra repository"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"available-modules"},"Available modules"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"tokens"},"Tokens"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"erc20"},"Erc20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The 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",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," modules."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"wrapped-native-token"},"Wrapped native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"WrappedNativeToken")," module implements the Wrapper for the native token,\nit was inspired by the WETH."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"access"},"Access"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"accesscontrol"},"AccessControl"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children\nmodules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," function."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"ownable2step"},"Ownable2Step"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An extension of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_ownership()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"accept_ownership()")," functions."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"security"},"Security"),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/94723368.0196233a.js b/docs/assets/js/94723368.0196233a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7783405b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/94723368.0196233a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[84916],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var r=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(r),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,r[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(r)):a(Object(r)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var r,n,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var r,n,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<a.length;n++)r=a[n],t.indexOf(r)>=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<a.length;n++)r=a[n],t.indexOf(r)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var l=n.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},p=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||a;return r?n.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<a;u++)s[u]=r[u];return n.createElement.apply(null,s)}return n.createElement.apply(null,r)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},53568:(e,t,r)=>{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:u};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to a macro ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),'. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: MathEngine,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use super::ModulesContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Event};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract;\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n pub fn init(&self) {\n self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[derive(Event)]")," attribute like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To emit an event, we use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event")," function from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),", passing the event as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n});\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},'use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n test_env.emitted_event(\n party_contract.address(),\n &PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env.get_account(0),\n block_time: 0\n }\n );\n // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function\n test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");\n // You can also check how many events were emitted.\n assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To explore more event testing functions, check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/95045a66.99df232b.js b/docs/assets/js/95045a66.99df232b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fced392d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/95045a66.99df232b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[7196],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)i[s]=n[s];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},28005:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract.\nThe last segment of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will\nbe in the above case named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/95db938c.eae77a25.js b/docs/assets/js/95db938c.eae77a25.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db9860ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/95db938c.eae77a25.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46145],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function a(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var i=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):a(a({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(f,a(a({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,a({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var s=n.length,a=new Array(s);a[0]=p;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,a[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<s;c++)a[c]=n[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,a)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},99314:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},a="Modules",l={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/native-token"}},i={},c=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to a macro ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),'. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/modules.rs"'},"use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: MathEngine,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/modules.rs"'},"use super::ModulesContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/95f5ef42.b01d7c43.js b/docs/assets/js/95f5ef42.b01d7c43.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c469a743b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/95f5ef42.b01d7c43.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[84296],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>g});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?i(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):i(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var p=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=a.useContext(p),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},l=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return a.createElement(p.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(t),g=r,m=u["".concat(p,".").concat(g)]||u[g]||d[g]||i;return t?a.createElement(m,o(o({ref:n},l),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(m,o({ref:n},l))}));function g(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=u;var s={};for(var p in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,p)&&(s[p]=n[p]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<i;c++)o[c]=t[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},29490:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={},o="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/advanced/03-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/attributes"}},p={},c=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],l={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},l,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),": A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence<T>\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Variable<T>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\n\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,\n tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn set_token(\n &mut self,\n key1: String,\n key2: u32,\n key3: String,\n token_name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n symbol: String,\n initial_supply: &U256\n ) {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);\n mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> U256 {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .total_supply()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Instead of using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()"),", which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()")," calls is required."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To keep the codebase consistent, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"map!")," macro can be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"...\n\npub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);\n}\n\npub fn get_string_macro(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n) -> String {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,\n my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. 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Zieli\u0144ski",title:"CTO",url:"https://github.com/zie1ony",key:"zie1ony"}],frontMatter:{slug:"2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra",title:"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"./twitter-card.png"},prevItem:{title:"It's all about the community!",permalink:"/blog/its-all-about-the-community"},nextItem:{title:"Odra + CosmWasm",permalink:"/blog/odra-cosmwasm"}},i={image:t(901).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},d=[{value:"OpenAI",id:"openai",level:2},{value:"DaVinci Edit",id:"davinci-edit",level:2},{value:"ERC20 by AI",id:"erc20-by-ai",level:2},{value:"What is next?",id:"what-is-next",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"OpenAI can write Odra smart contracts.\nThis is how."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"openai"},"OpenAI"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"OpenAI already proved that AI can code.\nGithub Copilot is used by more and more developers.\nMany times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is.\nIt would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Q: Write the ERC20 smart contract.\n\nA: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}...\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So far OpenAI hasn't indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Q: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts?\n Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style.\n\nA: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not.\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Soon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box,\nsimply because it is available on GitHub."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"davinci-edit"},"DaVinci Edit"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"OpenAI gives us a great tool called ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://openai.com/blog/gpt-3-edit-insert/"},"Edit"),".\nIt uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://openai.com/blog/openai-codex/"},"Codex"),",\nOpenAI gives us access to the model ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"code-davinci-edit-001"),".\nIt allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes.\nSee more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/code/editing-code"},"here"),". "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But it doesn't know Odra.\nLuckily this is not a problem.\nI have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want.\nWe simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"erc20-by-ai"},"ERC20 by AI"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra.\nThe Edit query needs two elements:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"source code,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"text that describes what should be changed. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use.\nI need ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),",\nconstructor, and errors."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=flipper.rs",title:"flipper.rs"},"use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n value: Variable<bool>,\n flips_count: Variable<u32>,\n owner: Variable<Address>,\n messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n self.value.set(false);\n self.owner.set(owner);\n }\n\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get_value());\n self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default());\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n \n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> {\n self.owner.get()\n }\n\n pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) {\n let sender = contract_env::caller();\n let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient));\n match current_msg {\n Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined),\n None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String {\n self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient))\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n MessageAlreadyDefined => 1,\n NotAnMessageSender => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"ChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Q: Implement another smart contract called ERC20.\n Balances should be of type U256.\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is the result."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI"',title:'"ERC20',contract:!0,in:!0,Odra:!0,generated:!0,by:!0,'OpenAI"':!0},"use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ERC20 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n symbol: Variable<String>,\n decimals: Variable<u8>,\n total_supply: Variable<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ERC20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.total_supply.set(total_supply);\n self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&owner)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) {\n let from = contract_env::caller();\n let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);\n let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);\n if from_balance < value {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);\n self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);\n let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);\n let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller));\n if from_balance < value {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n if allowed < value {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance);\n }\n self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);\n self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);\n self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value);\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Wow!"),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"what-is-next"},"What is next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"AI already understands smart contracts.\nIt had to read a lot of Solidity code.\nI checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code.\nMost interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew\nfrom another programming language in the unseen Rust framework.\nAt some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra.\nOr maybe we will not have to..."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},901:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>a});const a=t.p+"assets/images/twitter-card-0f7e768e63da0acd629609954ba26f62.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9aad49c5.c4e4a256.js b/docs/assets/js/9aad49c5.c4e4a256.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba97103df --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9aad49c5.c4e4a256.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[19588],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):a(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(t),m=o,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<a;u++)l[u]=t[u];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},96854:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow only the module owner to mint tokens."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,\n erc20: SubModule<Erc20>\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L10")," - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13-L15")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-L51")," - The same is done with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L57-L60")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is indeed the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9c04347b.b2e8ee61.js b/docs/assets/js/9c04347b.b2e8ee61.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ca2a3d52 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9c04347b.b2e8ee61.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[26831],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){a(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)t=o[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)t=o[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=d(t),m=a,f=c["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||o;return t?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=c;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)s[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},85162:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>s});var r=t(67294),a=t(86010);const o="tabItem_Ymn6";function s(e){let{children:n,hidden:t,className:s}=e;return r.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,a.Z)(o,s),hidden:t},n)}},74866:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>y});var r=t(87462),a=t(67294),o=t(86010),s=t(12466),l=t(16550),i=t(91980),d=t(67392),u=t(50012);function p(e){return function(e){return a.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,a.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad <Tabs> child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the <Tabs> component should be <TabItem>, and every <TabItem> should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}=e;return{value:n,label:t,attributes:r,default:a}}))}function c(e){const{values:n,children:t}=e;return(0,a.useMemo)((()=>{const e=n??p(t);return function(e){const n=(0,d.l)(e,((e,n)=>e.value===n.value));if(n.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${n.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in <Tabs>. 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Prerequisites")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"11-update-cargo-odra"},"1.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update cargo-odra")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"12-review-the-changelog"},"1.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Review the Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")," to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"2-migration-steps"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"2. Migration Steps")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"21-add-bin-directory"},"2.1 ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Add bin directory")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".builder_casper")," directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bin")," in the root of your project and add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_contract.rs")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_schema.rs")," files to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bin")," directory."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can find the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_contract.rs")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build_schema.rs")," files in ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/templates"},"templates")," directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{project-name}}")," with the name of your project."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-cargotoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Cargo.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"There a bunch of changes in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"features")," section and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"default-features")," flag from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra")," dependency."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Register bins you added in the previous step."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev-dependencies")," section with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra-test")," crate."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add recommended profiles for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"release")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"dev")," to optimize the build process.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Below you can compare the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:"),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.8.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.8.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "my_project_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.7.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"22-update-odratoml"},"2.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Odra.toml")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file has been simplified. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," property is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "my_project::Flipper"\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"23-update-smart-contracts"},"2.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Smart Contracts")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"231-update-the-use-statements-to-reflect-the-new-module-structure"},"2.3.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"use")," statements to reflect the new module structure.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Big integer types are now located in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types")," module."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::Address")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::contract_env"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::OdraType")," as it is no longer required."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Change ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::casper_types::*;")," to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::*;"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"232-some-type-aliases-are-no-longer-in-use"},"2.3.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Some type aliases are no longer in use.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::U512"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"EventData")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files"},"2.3.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Consider import ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::prelude::*")," in your module files.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings"},"2.3.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Flatten nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"Mapping"),"s.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// Before\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>\n}\n// After\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"235-update-errors-definitions"},"2.3.5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update errors definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"236-update-events-definitions"},"2.3.6. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update events definitions.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nself.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n});\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nuse odra::types::event::OdraEvent;\n\nTransfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n}.emit();\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules"},"2.3.7. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"contract_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"self.env()")," in your modules.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()")," is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),". The API is similar to the previous ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env")," but with some changes."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_dict_value()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_dict_value()")," has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," type, internally using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_var()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_var()")," functions. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8>")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> !")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"native_token_metadata()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"one_token()")," have been removed.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet"},"2.3.8. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Wrap submodules of your module with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::SubModule<T>"),".")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,\n metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,\n ownable: SubModule<Ownable>\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: Erc721Base,\n metadata: Erc721MetadataExtension,\n ownable: Ownable\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"239-update-external-contract-calls"},"2.3.9. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update external contract calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref"),") and you can call it using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address)")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref::at()"),")."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenRef::at(token).balance_of(account)\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2310-update-constructors"},"2.3.10. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update constructors.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::init]")," attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls"},"2.3.11. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"UnwrapOrRevert")," calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," now require ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&HostEnv")," as the first parameter."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition"},"2.3.12. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"#[odra(using)]")," attribute from your module definition.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"24-update-tests"},"2.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Tests")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"241-contract-deployment"},"2.4.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Contract deployment.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The way you deploy a contract has changed:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args)")," instead of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}Deployer::init()"),". The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),", required by the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableHostRef;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)\n\n// A contract with init args\nuse super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n};\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableDeployer;\n\nlet ownable = OwnableDeployer::init();\n\n// A contract with init args\nlet erc20 = Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"242-host-interactions"},"2.4.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Host interactions.")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The API of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()")," are similar, but there are some differences:",(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.advance_block_time(u64)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::token_balance(Address)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.balance_of(&Address)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::total_gas_used(Address)"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::gas_report()")," have been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef::last_call()")," and extract the data from a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::ContractCallResult")," instance. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef")," is a trait implemented by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),".")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios"},"2.4.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing failing scenarios.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," has been removed. You should use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix to call the function and then assert the result.\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult"))," type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount)\n });\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"244-testing-events"},"2.4.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing events.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," macro has been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::emitted_event()")," to assert the emitted events.\nThe new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation to explore the available options."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n...\n\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n));\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n));\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let erc20 = Erc20HostDeployer::init(&env, ...);\n\n...\n\nassert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs\n };\n use odra::{\n casper_types::U256,\n host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},\n prelude::*\n };\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::string::String;\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address, U256},\n Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert, Variable\n};\n\nuse self::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer}\n};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable<u8>,\n symbol: Variable<String>,\n name: Variable<String>,\n total_supply: Variable<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: &Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = *initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .subtract(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::types::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n use odra::Event;\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::execution_error;\n\n execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref\n };\n use odra::prelude::string::ToString;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::casper_types::U256};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = test_env::get_account(0);\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9cc9201d.b8c69beb.js b/docs/assets/js/9cc9201d.b8c69beb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..979a9606d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9cc9201d.b8c69beb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63395],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>g});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?i(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):i(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var p=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var n=a.useContext(p),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},l=function(e){var n=c(e.components);return a.createElement(p.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,p=e.parentName,l=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(t),g=r,m=u["".concat(p,".").concat(g)]||u[g]||d[g]||i;return t?a.createElement(m,o(o({ref:n},l),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(m,o({ref:n},l))}));function g(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=u;var s={};for(var p in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,p)&&(s[p]=n[p]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<i;c++)o[c]=t[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},50030:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={},o="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/advanced/03-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes"}},p={},c=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],l={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},l,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),": A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence<T>\nwhere\n T: Num + One + OdraType\n{\n value: Variable<T>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\n\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct NestedMapping {\n strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,\n tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NestedMapping {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn set_token(\n &mut self,\n key1: String,\n key2: u32,\n key3: String,\n token_name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n symbol: String,\n initial_supply: &U256\n ) {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);\n mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> U256 {\n self.tokens\n .get_instance(&key1)\n .get_instance(&key2)\n .get_instance(&key3)\n .total_supply()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers. "),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Instead of using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()"),", which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_instance()")," calls is required."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To keep the codebase consistent, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"map!")," macro can be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"...\n\npub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);\n}\n\npub fn get_string_macro(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n) -> String {\n map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,\n my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.my_sequence.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {\n let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);\n inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9d620965.1b03cdc8.js b/docs/assets/js/9d620965.1b03cdc8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..793c06bdd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9d620965.1b03cdc8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[29634],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function o(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var r=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(r),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,r[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(r)):a(Object(r)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var r,n,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var r,n,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<a.length;n++)r=a[n],t.indexOf(r)>=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<a.length;n++)r=a[n],t.indexOf(r)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var l=n.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},p=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||a;return r?n.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<a;u++)s[u]=r[u];return n.createElement.apply(null,s)}return n.createElement.apply(null,r)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},27177:(e,t,r)=>{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var n=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:11,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:u};function d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to a macro ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),'. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: MathEngine,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use super::ModulesContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9d95fe34.c375cee2.js b/docs/assets/js/9d95fe34.c375cee2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d4c59327 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9d95fe34.c375cee2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[54434],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)s[l]=n[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},91975:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-0.3.1/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9dc5d51e.8872b6b2.js b/docs/assets/js/9dc5d51e.8872b6b2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fe849c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9dc5d51e.8872b6b2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73201],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?s(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){a(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):s(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)t=s[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)t=s[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=a,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||s;return t?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=t.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=p;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<s;d++)o[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},97714:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.8.1/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced storage using key-value pairs,"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),","),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced event assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It is designed to store the following data:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Balances of individual users."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Odra does not allows nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::Event;\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n \n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8-L14")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L34-L43")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint")," function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," uses the notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(address, *amount);"),", which is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;\n\nlet current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\nself.balances.set(address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers title=erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0,title:"erc20.rs"},"...\nuse odra::OdraError;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InsufficientAllowance = 2,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, recipient, spender) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n ));\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n env.set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n // Given a new instance.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the spender\'s allowance is zero.\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n // Then transfer fails.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L146")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract.\nThe last segment of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will\nbe in the above case named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9e73c0bb.984e2821.js b/docs/assets/js/9e73c0bb.984e2821.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5d37d2b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9e73c0bb.984e2821.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62432],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=t(67294);function a(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(o=o.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var t=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?n(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(r){a(e,r,t[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):n(Object(t)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var t,o,a=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var t,o,a={},n=Object.keys(e);for(o=0;o<n.length;o++)t=n[o],r.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o<n.length;o++)t=n[o],r.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=o.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},r)}},u=o.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?o.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<n;p++)l[p]=t[p];return o.createElement.apply(null,l)}return o.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},76108:(e,r,t)=>{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var o=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.2.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the Odra main repository."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9e93cf3e.28e650ad.js b/docs/assets/js/9e93cf3e.28e650ad.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f3250287 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9e93cf3e.28e650ad.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[33659],{3905:(e,n,r)=>{r.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=r(67294);function o(e,n,r){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=r,e}function a(e,n){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(t=t.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,t)}return r}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var r=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(r),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,r[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(r)):a(Object(r)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var r,t,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var r,t,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)r=a[t],n.indexOf(r)>=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)r=a[t],n.indexOf(r)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var i=t.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=t.useContext(i),r=n;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),r},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return t.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},n)}},p=t.forwardRef((function(e,n){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||a;return r?t.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:r})):t.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var r=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d<a;d++)l[d]=r[d];return t.createElement.apply(null,l)}return t.createElement.apply(null,r)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},11041:(e,n,r)=>{r.r(n),r.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var t=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:4},l="Access Control",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/access-control",id:"version-0.9.1/tutorials/access-control",title:"Access Control",description:"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/tutorials/access-control.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/access-control",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/access-control",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token"},next:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable"}},i={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Project Structure",id:"project-structure",level:3},{value:"Events and Errors",id:"events-and-errors",level:3},{value:"Module",id:"module",level:3}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,r,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"access-control"},"Access Control"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/ownable"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Ownable"))," module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"project-structure"},"Project Structure"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-plaintext"},"access-control\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access_control.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 events.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 errors.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5-L17")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-L24")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n MissingRole = 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::events::*;\nuse super::errors::Error;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Mapping};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,\n role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &self.env().caller() {\n self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L13")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"roles")," - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"role_admin")," - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L20")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L54")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L56-L64")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L66-L86")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. 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Entry points fail on unauthorized access.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/9f0f335a.c8edc22c.js b/docs/assets/js/9f0f335a.c8edc22c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6ed391dc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/9f0f335a.c8edc22c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[6459],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function c(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)i[l]=n[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},23872:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/backends"},next:{title:"OdraVM",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Host Env",id:"host-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM"),",\na complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),",\nor even a real blockchain - when using ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper"},"Livenet backend"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"host-env"},"Host Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - 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Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a046a162.387512f6.js b/docs/assets/js/a046a162.387512f6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95c1b2e87 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a046a162.387512f6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59344],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},i=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,h=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<i;p++)o[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},88654:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},o="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperDeployer")," - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros.\nThe contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a05c6bda.a17716a5.js b/docs/assets/js/a05c6bda.a17716a5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac0eeb112 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a05c6bda.a17716a5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[18118],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=a(67294);function o(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function n(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,r)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?n(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):n(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,o={},n=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<n.length;r++)a=n[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(o[a]=e[a]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<n.length;r++)a=n[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(o[a]=e[a])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,o=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=p(a),m=o,h=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||d[m]||n;return a?r.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):r.createElement(h,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var n=a.length,i=new Array(n);i[0]=c;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<n;p++)i[p]=a[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,a)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},52936:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=a(87462),o=(a(67294),a(3905));const n={slug:"its-all-about-the-community",title:"It's all about the community!",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"./roadmap.png"},i=void 0,l={permalink:"/blog/its-all-about-the-community",source:"@site/blog/2023-06-27-we-are-here-to-stay/index.md",title:"It's all about the community!",description:"Over the past months,",date:"2023-06-27T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"June 27, 2023",tags:[],readingTime:2.825,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski",title:"CTO",url:"https://github.com/zie1ony",key:"zie1ony"}],frontMatter:{slug:"its-all-about-the-community",title:"It's all about the community!",authors:["zie1ony"],image:"./roadmap.png"},prevItem:{title:"Nysa",permalink:"/blog/Nysa"},nextItem:{title:"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra",permalink:"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra"}},s={image:a(32899).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},p=[{value:"Hello Odra Community",id:"hello-odra-community",level:2},{value:"We will help with your project",id:"we-will-help-with-your-project",level:2},{value:"Roadmap",id:"roadmap",level:2}],u={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Over the past months,\nwe have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world.\nWhile we are proud of what we have achieved so far,\nthe hard part is just beginning.\nSmart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra.\nWe are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"hello-odra-community"},"Hello Odra Community"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Whether you are a Rust developer, Solidity developer or a Casper enthusiast\nwe are happy to have you here, reading this blog post."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy.\nNow we are entering the next phase of the open source journey.\nWe are going to focus on the community and make sure\nOdra is the best tool for the job.\nOur motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is:"),(0,o.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to\nprofessionals with deadlines."))),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"How will we do it? We are going to focus on four things:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Quality")," - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality.\nWe will always have tons of tests and examples."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Simplicity")," - The simplest solution is the best solution.\nOdra's API needs to be simple and easy to use.\nAlways!\nWe are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design.\nWe believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Reusability")," - No one likes to repeat itself.\nWe see a huge potential in Odra Modules.\nIn time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts,\nthat are battle-tested and ready to use."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Community")," - We are here to help you.\nYou can always reach out to us on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Github"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"we-will-help-with-your-project"},"We will help with your project"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Whether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today.\nWe have prepared a few ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://odra.dev/docs"},"examples and docs")," to help you get started.\nRust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal.\nThat was always the goal."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"But we understand that it is hard to start.\nWe got your back."),(0,o.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding."))),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All you have to do is write us an email at ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"mailto:contract@odra.dev"},"contract@odra.dev")),"\nwith a short description of your project.\nWe will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra.\nAfter 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3\nsmart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"roadmap"},"Roadmap"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The feedback we got quite often was:\n",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"It's nice, but will it last? What's the direction of the project?"),"\nPoint taken. Now we answer: ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"We are here to stay."),"\nWe got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own\nto keep us funded. We play the long game."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To systematize our work, we have prepared the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/milestones"},"roadmap"),".\nAs of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases.\nIt is a good balance between predictability and flexibility.\nWe will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed.\nEveryone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement.\nNew proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team.\nWhen the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"Odra Roadmap",src:a(32899).Z,width:"1642",height:"1094"})))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},32899:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Z:()=>r});const r=a.p+"assets/images/roadmap-8255e4b08deb4134a7e97e32c21ad0dc.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a0a709a1.bdfba5f4.js b/docs/assets/js/a0a709a1.bdfba5f4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..034243282 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a0a709a1.bdfba5f4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[98017],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var u=a.createContext({}),i=function(e){var t=a.useContext(u),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=i(e.components);return a.createElement(u.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,u=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=i(n),m=r,f=c["".concat(u,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=c;var l={};for(var u in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,u)&&(l[u]=t[u]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var i=2;i<s;i++)o[i]=n[i];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},1720:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>i});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"version-0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/access-control"},next:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read"}},u={},i=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],d={toc:i};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n PausedRequired = 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired = 1_001,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n...\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Var<bool>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Paused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausableCounter"),". The contract consists of a Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," and a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::SubModule;\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Var<u32>,\n pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n contract.increment();\n contract.pause();\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),\n Error::UnpausedRequired.into()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a0d3df9d.4b67f1a8.js b/docs/assets/js/a0d3df9d.4b67f1a8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0110fd1a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a0d3df9d.4b67f1a8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[3743],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<s;l++)o[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},2544:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing\nOdra Events. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"use odra::{Event, contract_env};\nuse odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract {\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&self) {\n PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n }.emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, we derive an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Event")," macro like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Among other things, it adds an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit()")," function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply\nas that:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n}.emit();\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro and use array-like syntax to list events your module emits. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a handy macro ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\nuse crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;\nuse super::PartyContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();\n assert_events!(\n party_contract,\n PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env::get_account(0),\n block_time: 0,\n }\n );\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a33e3bb6.78013d16.js b/docs/assets/js/a33e3bb6.78013d16.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..185f1fb25 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a33e3bb6.78013d16.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[27776],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,h=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)i[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},58640:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},i="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The function named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function is optional,\nif your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var<T>"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html#tymethod.deploy"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer::deploy"))," function called on ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperHostRef")," - a piece of code generated\nby the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),". Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments,\nas the second argument of the deploy function, we pass ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"NoArgs")," - one of the implementations of\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait provided with the framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a3d6ef01.5926c801.js b/docs/assets/js/a3d6ef01.5926c801.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..453658986 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a3d6ef01.5926c801.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[76153],{41835:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/next/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/next/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Delegate","permalink":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a663e775.91628a77.js b/docs/assets/js/a663e775.91628a77.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..791efa633 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a663e775.91628a77.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[56317],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<s;c++)o[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},35789:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function we want to use."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use odra::types::Address;\n use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());\n\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address() -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a6734805.c4add5cd.js b/docs/assets/js/a6734805.c4add5cd.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1de0e669f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a6734805.c4add5cd.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[32947],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var i=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var n=a.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=p(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(t),m=r,f=d["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)s[p]=t[p];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},15469:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.3.1/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},p=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value. "),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced storage - key-value pairs, "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),", "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"advanced events assertion.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We need to store the following data:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Users' balances."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable<u8>,\n symbol: Variable<String>,\n name: Variable<String>,\n total_supply: Variable<Balance>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,\n allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),". You may notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"balances")," property maps ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance"),". If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Odra allows nested ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s, what we utilize to store allowances.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(amount);\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: Balance\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L10")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12-L14")," - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," example, we used the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returning an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<T>"),". If the type implements ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29")," - The second ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30-L39")," - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," use notation ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(&address, amount);"),", which it is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();\nself.balances.set(&address, new_balance);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs",title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .set(spender, new_allowance);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};\n\n pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n String::from(NAME),\n String::from(SYMBOL),\n DECIMALS,\n INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);\n assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);\n\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, recipient, spender) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n );\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n );\n \n assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)\n });\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L111-123")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events!()")," macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L125")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a6aa9e1f.c52e9195.js b/docs/assets/js/a6aa9e1f.c52e9195.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8d3de6d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a6aa9e1f.c52e9195.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[93089],{39058:(e,t,a)=>{"use strict";a.d(t,{Z:()=>v});var 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While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"project-structure"},"Project Structure"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-plaintext"},"access-control\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access_control.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 events.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 errors.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5-L17")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-L24")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n MissingRole = 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::events::*;\nuse super::errors::Error;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Mapping};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,\n role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &self.env().caller() {\n self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L13")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"roles")," - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"role_admin")," - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L20")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L54")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L56-L64")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L66-L86")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. If the role is already granted, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role)."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_role_admin()")," entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31-L46")," - This is a combination of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_*_role()"),". Entry points fail on unauthorized access.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a809f3b7.357785a7.js b/docs/assets/js/a809f3b7.357785a7.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33b4d3659 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a809f3b7.357785a7.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[33146],{43450:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a88260b3.3908f049.js b/docs/assets/js/a88260b3.3908f049.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07db71599 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a88260b3.3908f049.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[75176],{49449:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a892851d.7fbd0068.js b/docs/assets/js/a892851d.7fbd0068.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72f8d7c6d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a892851d.7fbd0068.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[55046],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},d=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(a),m=r,g=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)l[p]=a[p];return n.createElement.apply(null,l)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},67036:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.8.1/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1709886222,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 8, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},p=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-unknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --locked\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new folder called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src")," directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/a98f838e.1d40bbf8.js b/docs/assets/js/a98f838e.1d40bbf8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..edb834582 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/a98f838e.1d40bbf8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[98651],{26665:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Delegate","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/delegate"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/aaadf060.9572af8a.js b/docs/assets/js/aaadf060.9572af8a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de226438b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/aaadf060.9572af8a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[64318],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=a[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},15470:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",l={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/directory-structure"}},s={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Updating dependencies",id:"updating-dependencies",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. To run ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo update")," on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders\nyou can use this command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra update\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ab4716a0.2806994c.js b/docs/assets/js/ab4716a0.2806994c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc67950bb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ab4716a0.2806994c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[12933],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},i=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,h=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<i;p++)o[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},71550:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},o="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperDeployer")," - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros.\nThe contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ab49860c.44c0ae6b.js b/docs/assets/js/ab49860c.44c0ae6b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8767f160 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ab49860c.44c0ae6b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95211],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):a(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),d=o,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<a;l++)i[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},34584:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/host.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/host.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable<String>,\n created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,\n created_by: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_block_time()")," will return\nthe current block time wrapped in Odra type ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"BlockTime"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()")," will return an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," of\na caller (this can be an external caller or another contract)."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ac692f92.136ee2fc.js b/docs/assets/js/ac692f92.136ee2fc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25a50be38 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ac692f92.136ee2fc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46539],{30577:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/next/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Building contracts manually","permalink":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/acbba37b.61073794.js b/docs/assets/js/acbba37b.61073794.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..187897ea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/acbba37b.61073794.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[77715],{96687:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Migrations","description":"How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.","slug":"/category/migrations","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/category/migrations","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},"next":{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/migrations/to-0.8.0"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/acebe248.7b1cfaa9.js b/docs/assets/js/acebe248.7b1cfaa9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88ab461c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/acebe248.7b1cfaa9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[46393],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function o(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p<s;p++)i[p]=n[p];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},70411:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable<bool>,\n weight: Variable<u32>,\n name: Variable<String>,\n walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n friends: Mapping<String, u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List<T> {\n values: Mapping<u32, T>,\n index: Variable<u32>\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n walks: List<u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option<Address>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next 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a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)i[l]=n[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},96867:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.5.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/backends"},next:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM"),",\nor a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more 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next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/aee91c2e.70832445.js b/docs/assets/js/aee91c2e.70832445.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df0127646 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/aee91c2e.70832445.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[23073],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>l,kt:()=>h});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var 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You can even debug the code in real time -\nsimply use your IDE's debug functionality."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," of the OdraVM."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain,\nthe OdraVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the OdraVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nOdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute is responsible for converting\nyour ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Container"),".\nWhen the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address.\nDuring the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code."),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[Contract Container];\n id2[Contract Container]--\x3eid3((Contract Registry))\n id3((Contract Registry))--\x3eid4[(OdraVM Execution)]"}))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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We are using two features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/mock-vm")," - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/casper")," - backend implementation of Casper blockchain\nMore backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"builder_-folders"},".builder_* folders"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary\nfor building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify\nfiles in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".")," at the beginning of the\nfolder name)."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/afc3a23f.02141f3c.js b/docs/assets/js/afc3a23f.02141f3c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ae39ab03 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/afc3a23f.02141f3c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[40996],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var s=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=a[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},1883:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",l={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/directory-structure"}},s={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Updating dependencies",id:"updating-dependencies",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. To run ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo update")," on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders\nyou can use this command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra update\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b0f6aa87.8f7ef603.js b/docs/assets/js/b0f6aa87.8f7ef603.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1ea2c116 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b0f6aa87.8f7ef603.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[78584],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(a),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)s[p]=a[p];return n.createElement.apply(null,s)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},69182:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.4.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/examples"}},l={},p=[{value:"Types",id:"types",level:2},{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Constructors",id:"constructors",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Example usage",id:"example-usage",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"types"},"Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be written into the storage must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait OdraType: \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other exposed types are:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CallArgs")," - wraps around casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"RuntimeArgs")),";"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - U512 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - u64 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," - an enum that encapsulates casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/account/struct.AccountHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"AccountHash"))," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractPackageHash")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"constructors"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\nstruct Counter {\n value: Variable<u32>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about constructors ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/attributes#init"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Required arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Optional arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]"),", this should be set to the constructor name."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"constructor arguments that match entry point set in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-usage"},"Example usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:\'initialize\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.4.0/odra-casper/livenet/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<U512>")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b241ea99.ff10f529.js b/docs/assets/js/b241ea99.ff10f529.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a32da0e7b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b241ea99.ff10f529.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[74230],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):a(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(t),m=o,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<a;u++)l[u]=t[u];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},16017:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow minting tokens but only the module owner."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::types::{Address, Balance}\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L11")," - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-L16")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L52")," - The same we do with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L61")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b25a9e84.0219d75f.js b/docs/assets/js/b25a9e84.0219d75f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef86f3e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b25a9e84.0219d75f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[53644],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?s(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){a(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):s(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)t=s[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)t=s[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=d(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return t?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=t.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<s;d++)o[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},13175:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.9.0/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced storage using key-value pairs,"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),","),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced event assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It is designed to store the following data:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Balances of individual users."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Odra does not allows nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n \n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L9")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L28")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L38")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint")," function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," uses the notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(address, *amount);"),", which is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;\n\nlet current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\nself.balances.set(address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers title=erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0,title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InsufficientAllowance = 2,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, recipient, spender) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n ));\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n env.set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n // Given a new instance.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the spender\'s allowance is zero.\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n // Then transfer fails.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L146")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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The proxycaller is a session code that top-ups the cargo_purse passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. 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This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR"),"s to the call."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For this tutorial, we will use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TimeLockWallet")," contract from our examples."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs showLineNumbers",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])]\npub struct TimeLockWallet {\n balances: Mapping<Address, U512>,\n lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>,\n lock_duration: Var<u64>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TimeLockWallet {\n /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration.\n pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) {\n self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration);\n }\n\n /// Deposits the tokens into the contract.\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env().emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n }\n\n /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract.\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n\n /// Returns the balance of the given account.\n pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n\n /// Returns the lock duration.\n pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 {\n // code omitted for brevity\n }\n}\n\n/// Errors that may occur during the contract execution.\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n LockIsNotOver = 1,\n CannotLockTwice = 2,\n InsufficientBalance = 3\n}\n\n/// Deposit event.\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Deposit {\n pub address: Address,\n pub amount: U512\n}\n\n/// Withdrawal event.\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Withdrawal {\n pub address: Address,\n pub amount: U512\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full code can be found ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"client"},"Client"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"casper-nctl-docker"))," image."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'# Build the contract\ncargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet\n# Extract secret key\ndocker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem\n')),(0,r.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To interact with the contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "odra-examples"\nversion = "1.0.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false }\n... # other dependencies\nodra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }\n\n... # other sections\n\n[features]\ndefault = []\nlivenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]\n\n... # other sections\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "tlw_on_livenet"\npath = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n\n... # other sections\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs showLineNumbers",title:"examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'//! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs.\nuse odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef};\nuse odra::Address;\nuse odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs};\n\nconst DEPOSIT: u64 = 100;\nconst WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99;\nconst GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9);\n\nfn main() {\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n let caller = env.get_account(0);\n\n env.set_caller(caller);\n env.set_gas(GAS);\n\n let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy(\n &env, \n TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 }\n );\n // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract.\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT))\n .deposit();\n \n println!("Caller\'s balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));\n // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract.\n contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL));\n println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the code, execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ \ncargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet\n# Sample output\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed.\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy.\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed.\nCaller\'s balance: 100\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed.\nRemaining balance: 1\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Caller")," deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR.\nThe logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity.")),(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Since TypeScript code often requires considerable boilerplate, we offer a streamlined version of the code. We demonstrate how to deploy the contract and prepare a deploy that utilizes the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," to invoke a payable function with attached ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR")," tokens. The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},"previous tutorial")," details how to read the state, which is not the focus of our current discussion."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'import {\n CLByteArray,\n CLList,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n Contracts,\n Keys,\n RuntimeArgs,\n csprToMotes,\n decodeBase16,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\nimport fs from "fs";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\nconst SECRET_KEY_PATH = "keys/secret_key.pem"\nconst PROXY_CALLER_PATH = "wasm/proxy_caller.wasm"\nconst CONTRACT_PATH = "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm";\nconst CHAIN_NAME = "casper-net-1";\nconst ENTRY_POINT = "deposit";\nconst DEPOSIT = 100;\nconst GAS = 110;\n// Once the contract is deployed, the contract package hash\n// can be obtained from the global state.\nconst CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH = "...";\n\nconst casperClient = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\nconst keypair = Keys.Ed25519.loadKeyPairFromPrivateFile(\n SECRET_KEY_PATH\n);\nconst contract = new Contracts.Contract(casperClient);\n\nexport async function deploy_contract(): Promise<string> {\n // Required odra_cfg args and the constructor args\n const args = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({\n odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name: CLValueBuilder.string("tlw"),\n odra_cfg_allow_key_override: CLValueBuilder.bool(true),\n odra_cfg_is_upgradable: CLValueBuilder.bool(true),\n lock_duration: CLValueBuilder.u64(60 * 60)\n });\n \n const wasm = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(CONTRACT_PATH));\n const deploy = contract.install(\n wasm,\n args,\n csprToMotes(GAS).toString(),\n keypair.publicKey,\n CHAIN_NAME,\n [keypair],\n );\n return casperClient.putDeploy(deploy);\n}\n \nexport async function deposit(): Promise<string> {\n // Contract package hash is a 32-byte array, \n // so take the hex string and convert it to a byte array.\n // This is done using the decodeBase16 function from \n // the casper-js-sdk.\n const contractPackageHashBytes = new CLByteArray(\n decodeBase16(CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH)\n );\n // Next, create RuntimeArgs for the deploy \n // and pass them as bytes to the contract.\n // Note that the args are not a byte array, but a CLList \n // of CLU8s - a different type of CLValue.\n // Finally, create a Uint8Array from the bytes and \n // then transform it into a CLList<CLU8>.\n const args_bytes: Uint8Array = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({})\n .toBytes()\n .unwrap();\n const serialized_args = new CLList(\n Array.from(args_bytes)\n .map(value => new CLU8(value))\n );\n\n const args = RuntimeArgs.fromMap({\n attached_value: CLValueBuilder.u512(DEPOSIT),\n amount: CLValueBuilder.u512(DEPOSIT),\n entry_point: CLValueBuilder.string(ENTRY_POINT),\n contract_package_hash: contractPackageHashBytes,\n args: serialized_args\n });\n // Use proxy_caller to send tokens to the contract.\n const wasm = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(PROXY_CALLER_PATH));\n const deploy = contract.install(\n wasm,\n args,\n csprToMotes(GAS).toString(),\n keypair.publicKey,\n CHAIN_NAME,\n [keypair],\n );\n return casperClient.putDeploy(deploy);\n}\n \ndeploy_contract()\n .then((result) => { console.log(result); });\n\n// One you obatin the contract hash, you can call the deposit function:\n// deposit()\n// .then((result) => { console.log(result); });\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the code, execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \n# Sample output\nf40e3ca983034435d829462dd53d801df4e98013009cbf4a6654b3ee467063a1 # the deploy hash\n")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TimeLockWallet")," contract, deposited tokens using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller")," with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Rust")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TypeScript"),", so you can choose whichever you prefer. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Rust")," code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," backend making chain interactions easier to handle."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b2b675dd.aaa7ce95.js b/docs/assets/js/b2b675dd.aaa7ce95.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..709443c34 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b2b675dd.aaa7ce95.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[90533],{28017:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"permalink":"/blog","page":1,"postsPerPage":7,"totalPages":1,"totalCount":7,"blogDescription":"Blog","blogTitle":"Blog"}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b2c1dfd0.e941435d.js b/docs/assets/js/b2c1dfd0.e941435d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9be2b8e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b2c1dfd0.e941435d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[44781],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?r(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):r(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,o={},r=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<r.length;a++)n=r[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<r.length;a++)n=r[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},h=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=c(n),u=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(u)]||h[u]||p[u]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function u(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,i=new Array(r);i[0]=h;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<r;c++)i[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}h.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},49333:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:3},i="Livenet",l={unversionedId:"backends/livenet",id:"version-0.8.1/backends/livenet",title:"Livenet",description:"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/backends/04-livenet.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/livenet",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/examples"}},s={},c=[{value:"Setup",id:"setup",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"How Livenet backend works",id:"how-livenet-backend-works",level:2},{value:"Multiple enviroments",id:"multiple-enviroments",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"livenet"},"Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local\ntest node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend\nto handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM,\nhowever, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state.\nThis lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but\non the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to\npay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"faucet"),"\nto get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed\nfor each action."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state -\nwe can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"advance_block_time")," function\nis implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running\nthe regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will\nuse a slightly different workflow to test the contracts."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"setup"},"Setup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private\nkey and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use\nmore than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env\nfile to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.1/examples/.env.sample"},".env.sample")," file from\nexamples folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env"},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used\n# to deploy the contracts.\n# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit\n# the secret key to the repository.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network. Known values:\n# - integration-test\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test\n\n# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.\n# Main secret key will be 0th account.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find\na simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.1/examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"},"erc20_on_livenet.rs")," file.\nLet's go through the code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'fn main() {\n // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize\n // the environment:\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the\n // OdraVM backend.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,\n // so we need to provide them\n // if we did not import their secret keys.\n let recipient = \n "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Arguments for the contract init method.\n let name = String::from("Plascoin");\n let symbol = String::from("PLS");\n let decimals = 10u8;\n let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);\n \n // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify\n // the gas limit for each action.\n // The limit will be used for every consecutive action\n // until we change it.\n env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);\n \n // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.\n let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)\n };\n let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);\n \n // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Uncomment to load existing contract.\n // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract\n // that is already deployed.\n // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);\n\n // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.\n println!("Token name: {}", token.name());\n\n // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,\n // so we change the amount of gas\n env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);\n token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));\n\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));\n println!("Recipient\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[bin]\nname = "erc20_on_livenet"\npath = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n'))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," feature enabled:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A part of a sample output should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'...\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.\nOwner\'s balance: 4004\nRecipient\'s balance: 4000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing.\nEach deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute.\nWe can see that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer")," call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," was nearly instant\nand cost us nothing. How it is possible?"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can see the deployment on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://cspr.live/"},"http://cspr.live/")," - the transfer from the example\ncan be seen ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://integration.cspr.live/deploy/65b1a5d21174a62c675f89683aba995c453b942c705b404a1f8bbf6f0f6de32a"},"here"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"how-livenet-backend-works"},"How Livenet backend works"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state.\nIt is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the\nnode is the current state. This is why the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," call was almost instant and free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract\n(see ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross Calls"),"), it is executed offline and\nnode is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts\nand the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"multiple-enviroments"},"Multiple enviroments"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts,\nmultiple nodes or even multiple chains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To do this, simply create a new ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with a different prefix - for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet.env"),".\nThen, pass the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV")," variable with value either ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet")," to select which file\nhas to be used first. If your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file has a value that IS present in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file, it will\noverride the value from the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To sum up - this command will firstly load the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file and then load the missing values from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b2e57a16.6de2dfbb.js b/docs/assets/js/b2e57a16.6de2dfbb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fb56ab66 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b2e57a16.6de2dfbb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[19243],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function c(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=c(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=r,m=u["".concat(s,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var c={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(c[s]=t[s]);c.originalType=e,c.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=c;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)i[l]=n[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},71345:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.6.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/backends"},next:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM"),",\nor a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b2f44958.256626f4.js b/docs/assets/js/b2f44958.256626f4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb7ea417b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b2f44958.256626f4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[5776],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):a(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},m=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=l(n),d=o,f=m["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||m[d]||u[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=m;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<a;l++)i[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},88144:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable<String>,\n created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,\n created_by: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_block_time()")," will return\nthe current block time wrapped in Odra type ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"BlockTime"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()")," will return an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," of\na caller (this can be an external caller or another contract)."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b2f554cd.ac3dfe73.js b/docs/assets/js/b2f554cd.ac3dfe73.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59b92185f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b2f554cd.ac3dfe73.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11477],{30010:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"blogPosts":[{"id":"Nysa","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/Nysa","source":"@site/blog/2023-08-18-nysa/index.md","title":"Nysa","description":"The Oder River, known as \\"Odra\\" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, and Gda\u0144sk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region\'s ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.","date":"2023-08-18T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"August 18, 2023","tags":[],"readingTime":8.47,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn","title":"Lead Developer","url":"https://github.com/kpob","key":"kpob"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"Nysa","title":"Nysa","authors":["kpob"],"image":"./twitter-card.png"},"nextItem":{"title":"It\'s all about the community!","permalink":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community"}},"content":"The Oder River, known as \\"Odra\\" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, and Gda\u0144sk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region\'s ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.\\n\\nThe Nysa K\u0142odzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country\'s southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the K\u0142odzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.\\n\\nOh, wait, shouldn\'t it be a tech blog?\\n\\nThis is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment.\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## Odra\\n\\nA short reminder:\\n\\n> Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ...\\n> it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. \\n>\\n> [Odra][odra]\\n\\nUnderstanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we\'ve kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group.\\n\\nA Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as:\\n\\n* Constructors\\n* Payable functions\\n* Mappings\\n* Reverts\\n* Current caller\\n* Current block time\\n* A standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)\\n* And more\\n\\n:::note\\nIt\'s important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain. \\n\\nUltimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust.\\n:::\\n\\nHaving so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code?\\n\\nThis is where Nysa comes into play.\\n\\n## Nysa\\n\\nSolidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default.\\n\\nNysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps.\\n\\n![nysa-gen](./nysa_generic.drawio.svg)\\n\\n1. **Solidity Parser**\\n \\nFirstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes [LALRPOP][lalrpop] - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions.\\n\\n```rust title=solidity-parser/src/pt.rs\\n// The representation of a Solidity contract\\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\\npub struct ContractDefinition {\\n pub doc: Vec<DocComment>,\\n pub loc: Loc,\\n pub ty: ContractTy,\\n pub name: Identifier,\\n pub base: Vec<Base>,\\n pub parts: Vec<ContractPart>,\\n}\\n```\\n\\n2. **C3 Linearization**\\n \\nOne of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says `No, thx`, whereas Solidity opts for `The more, the better`. Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with [C3 linearization][c3].\\n\\n:::info\\nThe primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined.\\n:::\\n\\nFor simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an [implementation][c3-impl] of the C3 linearization in Rust written by [Maciej Zieli\u0144ski][z1elony], so everything stays in the Odra family.\\n\\n3. **Nysa Parser**\\n\\nAfter that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code.\\n\\nFor example, a Solidity event.\\n\\n```solidity\\nevent Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);\\n```\\ncan easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. \\n\\n```rust\\n#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\\npub struct Transfer {\\n from: Option<Address>,\\n to: Option<Address>,\\n value: U256,\\n}\\n```\\n\\nThe same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc.\\n\\nHere is a snippet of the expression parser:\\n\\n```rust title=nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs\\npub fn parse<T>(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result<syn::Expr, ParserError>\\nwhere\\n T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext,\\n{\\n match expression {\\n Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx),\\n Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)),\\n Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx),\\n Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx),\\n Expression::Increment { expr } => {\\n let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?;\\n Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1))\\n }\\n Expression::ExternalCall {\\n variable,\\n fn_name,\\n args,\\n } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx),\\n Expression::Type { ty } => {\\n let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?;\\n Ok(parse_quote!(#ty))\\n }\\n Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)),\\n ...\\n }\\n}\\n\\n```\\n\\n4. **Printing the code**\\n\\nThe last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file.\\n\\nAnd there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled!\\n\\n### Nysa + Odra\\nBy design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation.\\n\\nHowever, the default implementation is `OdraParser`, which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module.\\n\\nI hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler `flow into` Odra.\\n\\n![nysa-odra](./nysa_odra.drawio.svg)\\n\\n## Examples\\n\\n### Status message\\n\\nLet\'s get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message.\\n\\nTo set up the project, we use `cargo odra`.\\n``` bash\\ncargo odra new -n status -t blank\\ncd status\\n```\\n\\nThe first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary `build.rs` where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa.\\n\\n```toml title=Cargo.toml\\n[build-dependencies]\\nnysa = { version = \\"0.1.0\\", features = [\\"builder\\"] }\\n```\\n\\n```rust title=build.rs\\nconst DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = \\"src/status_message.rs\\";\\nconst SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = \\"src/status_message.sol\\";\\n\\nfn main() {\\n nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH);\\n}\\n```\\n\\nNext, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one.\\n\\n```solidity title=src/status_message.sol\\n// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT\\npragma solidity ^0.8.19;\\n\\ncontract StatusMessage {\\n mapping(address => string) records;\\n\\n function setStatus(string memory status) public payable {\\n address accountId = msg.sender;\\n records[accountId] = status;\\n }\\n\\n function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) {\\n return records[accountId];\\n }\\n}\\n```\\n\\nThe contract has a single mapping `records` that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: `setStatus` (sets current\'s sender message) and `getStatus`.\\n\\nFollowing, let\'s define a `lib.rs` file.\\n\\n```rust title=src/lib.rs\\nmod status_message;\\npub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef};\\n\\n#[cfg(test)]\\nmod test;\\n```\\nThe file is straightforward: registers a `status_message` rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module.\\n\\nLastly, we can test our contract.\\nLike the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: `set_message()` and `get_message()`.\\nThe test code looks like [any other][odra-docs-testing] Odra test: we use `StatusMessageDeployer` to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract.\\n\\n```rust title=src/test.rs\\nuse odra::{test_env, types::Address};\\nuse super::*;\\n\\nconst ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1);\\n\\n#[test]\\nfn set_get_message() {\\n let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();\\n\\n test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT());\\n contract.set_status(\\"hello\\".to_string());\\n assert_eq!(\\"hello\\".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())));\\n}\\n\\n#[test]\\nfn get_nonexistent_message() {\\n let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();\\n\\n assert_eq!(\\n String::new(),\\n contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))\\n );\\n}\\n```\\n\\n```bash\\ncargo odra test # test against MockVM\\n# or\\ncargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM\\n```\\n\\n```\\nstatus-message\\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 status_message.sol\\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 test.rs\\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 build.rs\\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\\n```\\n\\nFull example available [here][nysa-status-example].\\n\\n### CappedErc20\\n\\nA more complex, real-world example is a `CappedErc20` contract. It is a ERC20 [Ownable][oz-ownable], [Burnable][oz-burnable] and [Capped][oz-capped] token contract.\\n\\n```solidity title=plascoin.sol\\n// ...\\n// rest of the code\\n\\ncontract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable {\\n constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) {\\n }\\n\\n function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {\\n _mint(account, amount);\\n }\\n\\n function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) {\\n super._update(from, to, value);\\n }\\n}\\n```\\nYou can check out the full source code [here][nysa-capped-erc20-sol].\\n\\nDeployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. \\n\\n```sh\\n# to make sure the contract works as expected \\n# we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests\\ncargo odra test -b casper\\n\\n# deploy onto the testnet\\ncasper-client put-deploy\\n --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}}\\n --chain-name casper-test\\n --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \\\\\\n --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \\\\\\n --payment-amount 130000000000 \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"odra_cfg_constructor:string:\'init\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"name:string=\'{{name}}\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"symbol:string=\'{{symbol}}\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"cap:u256=\'{{cap}}\'\\" \\\\\\n --session-arg \\"initial_owner:opt_key=\'{{owner}}\'\\"\\n```\\n\\nLiterally in 5 minutes I was able to:\\n1. Build a wasm file from Solidity source code\\n2. Successfully [deploy][nysa-deploy] the contract onto Testnet,\\n3. [Mint][nysa-mint] some tokens,\\n4. And [transfer][nysa-transfer] them.\\n \\nFinally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa\'s efficiency.\\n\\n| action | CEP-18 | Nysa |\\n|-----------|----------------------|-----------------------|\\n| deploy | [143.87][cep-deploy] | [93.37][nysa-deploy] |\\n| transfer | [1.29][cep-transfer] | [1.36][nysa-transfer] |\\n\\n## Conclusion\\n\\nNysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract.\\n\\n[lalrpop]: https://github.com/lalrpop/lalrpop\\n[c3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3_linearization\\n[c3-impl]: https://github.com/odradev/c3-lang\\n[z1elony]: https://github.com/zie1ony\\n[odra]: https://odra.dev/docs/\\n[odra-discord]: https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k\\n[odra-twitter]: https://twitter.com/odradev\\n[odra-wiki]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oder\\n[nysa-wiki]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Neisse\\n[nysa-capped-erc20-sol]: https://github.com/odradev/nysa/blob/feature/odra/examples/capped-erc20/src/plascoin.sol\\n[nysa-capped-erc20]: https://github.com/odradev/nysa/blob/feature/odra/examples/capped-erc20/\\n[nysa-status-example]: https://github.com/odradev/nysa/tree/feature/odra/examples/status-message/nysa\\n[odra-docs-testing]: https://odra.dev/docs/basics/testing\\n[cep-deploy]: https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/2b5d17ea5d9c093c4252705285f7aeabe58cff37fb48b5837567908e2d91329a\\n[cep-transfer]: https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/3ab866e7cf7b59e081f12aea4103f9552b261b601d91b072ea10ab5be6cf0e45\\n[nysa-deploy]: https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/b1dd9628f8a36b7ed24949f88ea97ebb21d0c213e9cc87fc5ee4076074de0c88\\n[nysa-mint]: https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/1def539f806fd39ec1b75687c46946c7510fe3bb15860fcc3420c7bea7e7f10f\\n[nysa-transfer]: https://testnet.cspr.live/deploy/0e2e0fa490f00783ddaecd06aaf2b43d8c5f6d3224a28a31ad66bfef48ce26e6\\n[open-zeppelin]: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/tree/master/contracts\\n[oz-ownable]: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/access/Ownable.sol\\n[oz-capped]: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Capped.sol\\n[oz-burnable]: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol"},{"id":"its-all-about-the-community","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community","source":"@site/blog/2023-06-27-we-are-here-to-stay/index.md","title":"It\'s all about the community!","description":"Over the past months,","date":"2023-06-27T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"June 27, 2023","tags":[],"readingTime":2.825,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski","title":"CTO","url":"https://github.com/zie1ony","key":"zie1ony"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"its-all-about-the-community","title":"It\'s all about the community!","authors":["zie1ony"],"image":"./roadmap.png"},"prevItem":{"title":"Nysa","permalink":"/blog/Nysa"},"nextItem":{"title":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","permalink":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra"}},"content":"Over the past months,\\nwe have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world.\\nWhile we are proud of what we have achieved so far,\\nthe hard part is just beginning.\\nSmart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra.\\nWe are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community.\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## Hello Odra Community\\n\\nWhether you are a Rust developer, Solidity developer or a Casper enthusiast\\nwe are happy to have you here, reading this blog post.\\n\\nWe have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy.\\nNow we are entering the next phase of the open source journey.\\nWe are going to focus on the community and make sure\\nOdra is the best tool for the job.\\nOur motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is:\\n\\n> **We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to \\nprofessionals with deadlines.**\\n\\nHow will we do it? We are going to focus on four things:\\n- **Quality** - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality.\\nWe will always have tons of tests and examples.\\n- **Simplicity** - The simplest solution is the best solution.\\nOdra\'s API needs to be simple and easy to use.\\nAlways!\\nWe are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design.\\nWe believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations.\\n- **Reusability** - No one likes to repeat itself.\\nWe see a huge potential in Odra Modules.\\nIn time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts,\\nthat are battle-tested and ready to use.\\n- **Community** - We are here to help you.\\nYou can always reach out to us on [Discord] or [Github].\\n\\n## We will help with your project\\n\\nWhether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today.\\nWe have prepared a few [examples and docs] to help you get started.\\nRust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal.\\nThat was always the goal.\\n\\nBut we understand that it is hard to start.\\nWe got your back.\\n\\n> **We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding.**\\n\\nAll you have to do is write us an email at **contract@odra.dev**\\nwith a short description of your project.\\nWe will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra.\\nAfter 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3 \\nsmart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project.\\n\\n## Roadmap\\n\\nThe feedback we got quite often was:\\n__It\'s nice, but will it last? What\'s the direction of the project?__\\nPoint taken. Now we answer: __We are here to stay.__\\nWe got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own\\nto keep us funded. We play the long game.\\n\\nTo systematize our work, we have prepared the [roadmap].\\nAs of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases.\\nIt is a good balance between predictability and flexibility.\\nWe will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed.\\nEveryone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement.\\nNew proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team.\\nWhen the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases.\\n\\n![Odra Roadmap](./roadmap.png)\\n\\n[Discord]: https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k\\n[Github]: https://github.com/odradev/odra\\n[examples and docs]: https://odra.dev/docs\\n[roadmap]: https://github.com/odradev/odra/milestones"},{"id":"2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra","source":"@site/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra/index.md","title":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","description":"OpenAI can write Odra smart contracts.","date":"2023-02-27T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"February 27, 2023","tags":[],"readingTime":3.785,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski","title":"CTO","url":"https://github.com/zie1ony","key":"zie1ony"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra","title":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","authors":["zie1ony"],"image":"./twitter-card.png"},"prevItem":{"title":"It\'s all about the community!","permalink":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community"},"nextItem":{"title":"Odra + CosmWasm","permalink":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm"}},"content":"OpenAI can write Odra smart contracts.\\nThis is how.\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## OpenAI\\nOpenAI already proved that AI can code.\\nGithub Copilot is used by more and more developers.\\nMany times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is.\\nIt would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing:\\n\\n```\\nQ: Write the ERC20 smart contract.\\n\\nA: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}...\\n```\\n\\nSo far OpenAI hasn\'t indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT.\\n\\n```\\nQ: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts?\\n Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style.\\n\\nA: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not.\\n```\\n\\nSoon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box,\\nsimply because it is available on GitHub.\\n\\n## DaVinci Edit\\n\\nOpenAI gives us a great tool called [Edit](https://openai.com/blog/gpt-3-edit-insert/).\\nIt uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called [Codex](https://openai.com/blog/openai-codex/),\\nOpenAI gives us access to the model `code-davinci-edit-001`.\\nIt allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes.\\nSee more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version [here](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/code/editing-code). \\n\\nBut it doesn\'t know Odra.\\nLuckily this is not a problem.\\nI have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want.\\nWe simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question.\\n\\n## ERC20 by AI\\n\\nThe goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra.\\nThe Edit query needs two elements:\\n* source code,\\n* text that describes what should be changed. \\n\\nAs the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use.\\nI need `odra::module`, `Variable`, `Mapping`, `caller()`, `Address`,\\nconstructor, and errors.\\n\\n```rust title=flipper.rs\\nuse odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error};\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\npub struct Flipper {\\n value: Variable<bool>,\\n flips_count: Variable<u32>,\\n owner: Variable<Address>,\\n messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String>\\n}\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\nimpl Flipper {\\n #[odra(init)]\\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\\n self.value.set(false);\\n self.owner.set(owner);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\\n self.value.set(value);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\\n self.value.set(!self.get_value());\\n self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default());\\n }\\n\\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool {\\n self.value.get_or_default()\\n }\\n \\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> {\\n self.owner.get()\\n }\\n\\n pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) {\\n let sender = contract_env::caller();\\n let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient));\\n match current_msg {\\n Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined),\\n None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg)\\n }\\n }\\n\\n pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String {\\n self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient))\\n }\\n}\\n\\nexecution_error! {\\n pub enum Error {\\n MessageAlreadyDefined => 1,\\n NotAnMessageSender => 2,\\n }\\n}\\n```\\n\\nChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple.\\n\\n```\\nQ: Implement another smart contract called ERC20.\\n Balances should be of type U256.\\n```\\n\\nThis is the result.\\n\\n```rust title=\\"ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI\\"\\nuse odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256};\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\npub struct ERC20 {\\n name: Variable<String>,\\n symbol: Variable<String>,\\n decimals: Variable<u8>,\\n total_supply: Variable<U256>,\\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\\n allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\\n}\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\nimpl ERC20 {\\n #[odra(init)]\\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) {\\n self.name.set(name);\\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\\n self.total_supply.set(total_supply);\\n self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\\n }\\n\\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 {\\n self.balances.get_or_default(&owner)\\n }\\n\\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) {\\n let from = contract_env::caller();\\n let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);\\n let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);\\n if from_balance < value {\\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\\n }\\n self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);\\n self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) {\\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\\n let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);\\n let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);\\n let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller));\\n if from_balance < value {\\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\\n }\\n if allowed < value {\\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance);\\n }\\n self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);\\n self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);\\n self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) {\\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\\n self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\\n self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))\\n }\\n}\\n\\nexecution_error! {\\n pub enum Error {\\n InsufficientBalance => 1,\\n InsufficientAllowance => 2,\\n }\\n}\\n```\\n\\nWow!\\n\\n## What is next?\\n\\nAI already understands smart contracts.\\nIt had to read a lot of Solidity code.\\nI checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code.\\nMost interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew\\nfrom another programming language in the unseen Rust framework.\\nAt some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra.\\nOr maybe we will not have to...\\n\\nIt is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond."},{"id":"odra-cosmwasm","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm","source":"@site/blog/2023-02-15-odra-cosmos.md","title":"Odra + CosmWasm","description":"In November 2022 we released the first version of the Odra Framework. It\'s time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.","date":"2023-02-15T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"February 15, 2023","tags":[],"readingTime":5.96,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn","title":"Lead Developer","url":"https://github.com/kpob","key":"kpob"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"odra-cosmwasm","title":"Odra + CosmWasm","authors":["kpob"],"image":"https://github.com/odradev.png"},"prevItem":{"title":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","permalink":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra"},"nextItem":{"title":"EVM at Risc0","permalink":"/blog/evm-at-risc0"}},"content":"In November 2022 we released [the first version](../blog/2022-11-30-release-020/index.md) of the Odra Framework. It\'s time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## CosmWasm\\n\\nCosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem.\\nThe platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code.\\n\\nIt uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend.\\nThere are many blockchains like [Osmosis], [Secret Network], [Juno] that utilize CosmWasm.\\n\\n## Show me your code\\n\\nI would like to write a `Counter` smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible.\\nWhat are the requirements?\\n\\n1. It should store a `u32` value. \\n2. The initial value it set by the contract deployer.\\n3. The value can be incremented.\\n4. The value can read from the storage.\\n5. The contract can call another contract and increment its counter.\\n\\nSo let\'s write an Odra module first.\\n\\n```rust title=counter.rs\\nuse odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env};\\nuse self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated};\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\npub struct Counter {\\n pub value: Variable<u32>\\n}\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\nimpl Counter {\\n #[odra(init)]\\n pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) {\\n self.value.set(value);\\n <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init {\\n value,\\n });\\n }\\n\\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\\n let old_value = self.value.get_or_default();\\n let new_value = old_value + 1;\\n self.value.set(new_value);\\n \\n ValueUpdated {\\n old_value,\\n new_value,\\n operator: contract_env::caller()\\n }.emit();\\n }\\n\\n pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) {\\n CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment();\\n }\\n\\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\\n self.value.get_or_default()\\n }\\n}\\n\\nmod events {\\n use odra::types::Address;\\n\\n #[derive(odra::Event)]\\n pub struct ValueUpdated {\\n pub old_value: u32,\\n pub new_value: u32,\\n pub operator: Address\\n }\\n \\n #[derive(odra::Event)]\\n pub struct Init {\\n pub value: u32,\\n }\\n}\\n\\n#[cfg(test)]\\nmod tests {\\n use super::*;\\n\\n #[test]\\n fn deploy() {\\n let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);\\n assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value());\\n }\\n\\n #[test]\\n fn increment() {\\n let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);\\n counter.increment();\\n assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value());\\n }\\n}\\n```\\nBut wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I?\\n\\nHere the beauty of Odra comes into play.\\n\\nLet\'s use `cargo-odra`.\\n```bash\\ncargo odra build -b cosmos\\n```\\nAnd... that\'s it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract.\\nAs you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the `-b` flag.\\n\\n## Deploy\\nWe have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract?\\n\\nAs a battlefield let\'s choose [Juno Network] (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this [Quick Start tutorial]). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone [wasmd], and its interface is alike.\\n\\nAssuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let\'s move to the fun part.\\n\\nBut before we go, to keep things simple, let\'s prepare a [justfile]. It\'ll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See [full version].\\n\\n```justfile title=justfile\\nNODE := \\"--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443\\"\\nCHAIN_ID := \\"--chain-id uni-6\\"\\nQUERY_FLAGS := NODE + \\" \\" + CHAIN_ID\\nTRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := \\"--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block\\"\\nEXEC_FLAGS := NODE + \\" \\" + CHAIN_ID + \\" \\" + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS\\n\\nget-address NAME:\\n junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.*\\n\\nstore-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER:\\n junod tx wasm store \\\\\\n {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}}\\n\\ninit-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME:\\n junod tx wasm instantiate \\\\\\n {{CODE_ID}} \\\\\\n `just run-args-parser \'{\\"name\\": \\"init\\", \\"args\\": [ { \\"value\\" : {{VALUE}} }]}\'` \\\\\\n --label \'{{CONTRACT_NAME}}\' --from {{SENDER}} \\\\\\n --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \\\\\\n {{EXEC_FLAGS}}\\n\\nexec-increment ADDRESS SENDER:\\n junod tx wasm execute \\\\\\n {{ADDRESS}} \\\\\\n `just run-args-parser \'{\\"name\\": \\"increment\\"}\'` \\\\\\n --from {{SENDER}} \\\\\\n {{EXEC_FLAGS}}\\n\\nquery-get-value ADDRESS:\\n junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \\\\\\n `just run-args-parser \'{\\"name\\": \\"get_value\\"}\'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}}\\n```\\n\\nOk, we are ready to go.\\n\\nFirst, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that).\\n\\nThere are three ways to interact with a contract.\\n1. Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address.\\n2. Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state.\\n3. Query - read the contract\'s state.\\n \\nNow, let\'s take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared.\\n\\n```bash\\n# args: \\n# the path to a wasm file,\\n# the name under we store the private key.\\njust store-wasm counter.wasm odra\\n\\n...\\nraw_log: \'[{\\"events\\":[{\\"type\\":\\"message\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"action\\",\\"value\\":\\"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"module\\",\\"value\\":\\"wasm\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"sender\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"store_code\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"code_checksum\\",\\"value\\":\\"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"code_id\\",\\"value\\":\\"286\\"}]}]}]\'\\n...\\ntxhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B\\n```\\n\\nGreat, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the `code_id` which we will use to initialize the contract.\\n\\n```bash\\n# args: \\n# code id taken from the previous tx, \\n# counter initial value, \\n# named private key,\\n# contract label.\\njust init-contract 286 1 odra \\"My Counter\\"\\n\\n...\\nraw_log: \'[{\\"events\\":[{\\"type\\":\\"instantiate\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"_contract_address\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"code_id\\",\\"value\\":\\"286\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"message\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"action\\",\\"value\\":\\"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"module\\",\\"value\\":\\"wasm\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"sender\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"wasm\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"_contract_address\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"value\\",\\"value\\":\\"1\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"wasm-Init\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"_contract_address\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"value\\",\\"value\\":\\"1\\"}]}]}]\'\\n...\\ntxhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26\\n```\\n\\nFantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - `juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g`.\\nIt\'s time to increment the counter.\\n\\n```bash\\n# args:\\n# contract address taken from the previous tx,\\n# named private key\\njust exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra\\n\\n...\\nraw_log: \'[{\\"events\\":[{\\"type\\":\\"execute\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"_contract_address\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"message\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"action\\",\\"value\\":\\"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"module\\",\\"value\\":\\"wasm\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"sender\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"wasm\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"_contract_address\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"action\\",\\"value\\":\\"increment\\"}]},{\\"type\\":\\"wasm-ValueUpdated\\",\\"attributes\\":[{\\"key\\":\\"_contract_address\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"old_value\\",\\"value\\":\\"1\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"new_value\\",\\"value\\":\\"2\\"},{\\"key\\":\\"operator\\",\\"value\\":\\"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\\"}]}]}]\'\\n...\\ntxhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2\\n```\\n\\nFinally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once).\\n\\n``` bash\\n# args:\\n# contract address\\njust query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\n\\ndata: 2\\n```\\nIndeed, as expected the current counter value is 2.\\n\\n## Show me your transaction\\nI get it, you don\'t want to do it all by yourself. So let\'s take a closer look at one of my transactions.\\n\\n```bash\\njunod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6\\n...\\nlogs:\\n- events:\\n - attributes:\\n - key: _contract_address\\n value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\n type: execute\\n - attributes:\\n - key: action\\n value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract\\n - key: module\\n value: wasm\\n - key: sender\\n value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\\n type: message\\n - attributes:\\n - key: _contract_address\\n value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\n - key: action\\n value: increment\\n type: wasm\\n - attributes:\\n - key: _contract_address\\n value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\\n - key: old_value\\n value: \\"1\\"\\n - key: new_value\\n value: \\"2\\"\\n - key: operator\\n value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\\n type: wasm-ValueUpdated\\n...\\ntxhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2\\n```\\n\\nIf you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing\\nthe performed action (`increment`) (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute).\\nWe can find here also our `ValueUpdated` event with its arguments `old_value`, `new_value` and `operator`.\\n\\nWow, we have it, everything worked as intended!\\n\\n## Conclusion\\nWouldn\'t it be great to replace [Casper Erc20] and [Cosmos Erc20] with a super-simple\\nsingle [Odra Erc20] implementation?\\n\\nThe `Counter` contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us.\\nThis simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls\\ncan be unified in a simple readable interface.\\n\\nCosmWasm integration hasn\'t been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself, \\ncheck our GitHub (don\'t forget to update cargo-odra as well).\\n\\n## Join us\\nInterested?\\n\\nJoin [our Discord][odra-discord], [our Twitter][odra-twitter] or write us\\nat contact@odra.dev.\\n\\n[odra-discord]: https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k\\n[odra-twitter]: https://twitter.com/odradev\\n[Secret Network]: https://scrt.network/\\n[Osmosis]: https://docsosmosis.zone/\\n[Juno]: https://www.junonetwork.io/\\n[wasmd]: https://github.com/CosmWasm/wasmd\\n[`cargo-odra`]: https://odra.dev/docs/basics/cargo-odra\\n[Juno Network]: https://www.junonetwork.io/\\n[Quick Start tutorial]: https://medium.com/@NitroBiell/smart-contract-development-quick-start-on-juno-5dabf6fdcad0\\n[justfile]: https://github.com/casey/just\\n[full version]: https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/feature/cosmos/odra-cosmos/juno-client/justfile\\n[Casper Erc20]: https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/erc20/tree/master/erc20/src\\n[Cosmos Erc20]: https://github.com/CosmWasm/cw-plus/tree/main/contracts/cw20-base/src\\n[Odra Erc20]: https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.2.0/examples/src/erc20.rs"},{"id":"evm-at-risc0","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/evm-at-risc0","source":"@site/blog/2023-02-13-evm-at-risc0.md","title":"EVM at Risc0","description":"Let\'s run Solidity code inside SputnikVM inside Risc0.","date":"2023-02-13T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"February 13, 2023","tags":[],"readingTime":3.97,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski","title":"CTO","url":"https://github.com/zie1ony","key":"zie1ony"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"evm-at-risc0","title":"EVM at Risc0","authors":["zie1ony"],"image":"https://github.com/odradev.png"},"prevItem":{"title":"Odra + CosmWasm","permalink":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm"},"nextItem":{"title":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","permalink":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0"}},"content":"Let\'s run Solidity code inside [SputnikVM](https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/) inside [Risc0](https://github.com/risc0/risc0).\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\nFirst make sure you know how Risc0 works.\\nMy [previous post](2022-12-12-casper-zk-risc0.md) explains it.\\n\\nIf you want to jump directly to the full code example, it\'s in the [repo](https://github.com/odradev/evm-at-risc0).\\n\\n## Solidity\\n\\nAs an example, I have this simple Solidity code.\\nIt is a calculator with two functions.\\nOne for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number.\\n\\n```solidity title=\\"bytecode/Calculator.sol\\"\\ncontract Calculator {\\n function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {\\n return a + b;\\n }\\n\\n function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) {\\n if (n <= 1) {\\n return n;\\n } else {\\n return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);\\n }\\n }\\n}\\n```\\n\\nIt needs to be compiled into the byte code. `solc` can do this.\\n\\n```bash\\n$ solc \\\\\\n --bin-runtime \\\\\\n --optimize \\\\\\n --overwrite \\\\\\n --evm-version istanbul \\\\\\n --output-dir bytecode \\\\\\n bytecode/Calculator.sol \\n```\\n\\nIt produces an EVM bytecode in the `bytecode` directory.\\n\\n```bash\\n$ ls bytecode/\\nCalculator.bin-runtime Calculator.sol\\n```\\n\\n## EVM\\n\\nThe EVM I used is [SputnikVM](https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/).\\nMost important it is written in pure Rust and even with `no_std` mode.\\nThis way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM.\\nThen take the bytecode of a contract and install it.\\nFinally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value.\\nFor now, it\'s just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later.\\n\\nThe code is based on Sputnik\'s [benchmark test](https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/blob/master/benches/loop.rs).\\nHuge thanks to [Michael Birch](https://github.com/birchmd) for helping with Sputnik.\\nAlso make sure how EVM\'s [function selectors](https://solidity-by-example.org/function-selector) work.\\n\\n```rust title=\\"evm-runner/src/lib.rs\\"\\n\\n// Load previously compiled Calculator contract.\\npub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!(\\n \\"../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime\\"\\n);\\n\\n// Run Calculator for a given input.\\npub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String {\\n run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input)\\n}\\n\\n// Run a program (contract) for a given input. \\nfn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String {\\n\\n // Define EVM configuration.\\n let config = Config::istanbul();\\n\\tlet vicinity = MemoryVicinity {\\n\\t\\tgas_price: U256::zero(),\\n\\t\\torigin: H160::default(),\\n\\t\\tblock_hashes: Vec::new(),\\n\\t\\tblock_number: Default::default(),\\n\\t\\tblock_coinbase: Default::default(),\\n\\t\\tblock_timestamp: Default::default(),\\n\\t\\tblock_difficulty: Default::default(),\\n\\t\\tblock_gas_limit: Default::default(),\\n\\t\\tchain_id: U256::one(),\\n\\t\\tblock_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(),\\n\\t};\\n\\n // Initialized the state of EVM\'s memory.\\n\\tlet mut state = BTreeMap::new();\\n\\n // Add our contract under the 0x10 address.\\n state.insert(\\n\\t\\tH160::from_str(\\"0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\")\\n .unwrap(),\\n\\t\\tMemoryAccount {\\n\\t\\t\\tnonce: U256::one(),\\n\\t\\t\\tbalance: U256::from(10000000),\\n\\t\\t\\tstorage: BTreeMap::new(),\\n\\t\\t\\tcode: hex::decode(program).unwrap(),\\n\\t\\t}\\n\\t);\\n\\n // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller.\\n state.insert(\\n\\t\\tH160::from_str(\\"0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\")\\n .unwrap(),\\n\\t\\tMemoryAccount {\\n\\t\\t\\tnonce: U256::one(),\\n\\t\\t\\tbalance: U256::from(10000000),\\n\\t\\t\\tstorage: BTreeMap::new(),\\n\\t\\t\\tcode: Vec::new(),\\n\\t\\t},\\n\\t);\\n\\n // Prepare the executor.\\n\\tlet backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state);\\n\\tlet metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config);\\n\\tlet state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend);\\n\\tlet precompiles = BTreeMap::new();\\n\\tlet mut executor \\n = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles);\\n\\n // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user.\\n // Use the input variable. \\n\\tlet (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call(\\n\\t\\tH160::from_str(\\"0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\")\\n .unwrap(),\\n\\t\\tH160::from_str(\\"0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\")\\n .unwrap(),\\n\\t\\tU256::zero(),\\n\\t\\thex::decode(input).unwrap(),\\n\\t\\tu64::MAX,\\n\\t\\tVec::new(),\\n\\t);\\n\\n // Make sure the execution succeeded.\\n assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned));\\n \\n // Return hex encoded string.\\n hex::encode(result)\\n}\\n```\\n\\nLet\'s execute it. In below tests the `data` variable hold two things:\\nfunction selector and arguments.\\n\\nFor example `61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a`\\nis concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument.\\nIt is just `fibonacci(10)`. `a` is hex of `10` and `37` is hex of `52`. \\n\\n```rust title=\\"evm-runner/src/lib.rs\\"\\n#[test]\\nfn fibonacci_works() {\\n let data = \\"61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a\\";\\n let result = run_calc_contract(data);\\n assert_eq!(result, \\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037\\"); \\n}\\n\\n#[test]\\nfn addition_works() {\\n let data = \\"771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002\\";\\n let result = run_calc_contract(data);\\n assert_eq!(result, \\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009\\");\\n}\\n```\\n\\n## Risc0\\n\\nIt\'s time for `risc0`.\\n\\nFirst the guest program.\\nIt is super simple.\\nIt takes a string as an argument,\\npasses it to the `run_calc_contract`\\nand returns the result.\\n\\n```rust title=methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs\\n#![no_main]\\n#![no_std]\\n\\nextern crate alloc;\\n\\nuse alloc::{string::String};\\nuse risc0_zkvm::guest::{env};\\nuse evm_runner::run_calc_contract;\\n\\nrisc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main);\\n\\npub fn main() {\\n let input: String = env::read();\\n let result = run_calc_contract(&input);\\n env::commit(&result);\\n}\\n```\\n\\nThe final step is calling it under ZK.\\n\\n```rust title=host/src/main.rs\\nfn main() {\\n println!(\\"Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)\\");\\n let input = \\"771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002\\";\\n let result = run_prover(input);\\n println!(\\"Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}\\");\\n \\n println!(\\"Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)\\");\\n let input = \\"61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004\\";\\n let result = run_prover(input);\\n println!(\\"Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}\\");\\n}\\n\\nfn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 {\\n // Make the prover.\\n let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap();\\n let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap();\\n\\n // Push the input as an argument.\\n prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice());\\n \\n // Execute the prover.\\n let receipt = prover.run().unwrap();\\n \\n // Verify the proof.\\n assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok());\\n \\n // Return result as an u32 value.\\n let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap();\\n u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap()\\n}\\n```\\n\\n```bash\\n$ cargo run --release -p host\\nProving Calculator.add(7, 2)\\nProof generated. 7 + 2 = 9\\nProving Calculator.fibonacci(4)\\nProof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3\\n```\\n\\n## Conclusion\\nHow amazing and mindblowing it is!\\nOf course, it\'s just a proof of concept.\\nYet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and\\nwith more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising.\\n\\n## Join us\\nInterested?\\n\\nJoin [our Discord][odra-discord], [our Twitter][odra-twitter] or write us\\nat contact@odra.dev.\\n\\n[odra-discord]: https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k\\n[odra-twitter]: https://twitter.com/odradev"},{"id":"casper-zk-risc0","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0","source":"@site/blog/2022-12-12-casper-zk-risc0.md","title":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","description":"In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.","date":"2022-12-12T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"December 12, 2022","tags":[],"readingTime":4.215,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski","title":"CTO","url":"https://github.com/zie1ony","key":"zie1ony"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"casper-zk-risc0","title":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","authors":["zie1ony"],"image":"https://github.com/odradev.png"},"prevItem":{"title":"EVM at Risc0","permalink":"/blog/evm-at-risc0"},"nextItem":{"title":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","permalink":"/blog/release-020"}},"content":"In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## Zero Knowledge\\nIn my opinion, the **zero knowledge** (ZK) is the largest revolution in \\nblockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based \\nsmart contracts.\\nTo put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before:\\n\\n1. Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain\\nand put the result on a chain with the proof.\\n2. Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it. \\n\\n## Risc Zero\\nI\'d like to introduce you to [Risc Zero](https://www.risczero.com/).\\nIt is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine.\\nGo ahead and spend time reading their website!\\nFor us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM.\\nSooo... we can run it on Casper :)\\nYes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper\'s\\nsmart contract for verification.\\n\\n## Example\\nLet\'s dive into the example to see how it works.\\n[The full example code](https://github.com/odradev/casper-zk-with-risc0)\\nyou can find on our GitHub. \\nIt is based on Risc Zero\'s [Hello, Multiply!](https://www.risczero.com/docs/examples/hello_multiply)\\nexample. So make sure you understand it first.\\n[Guest](#guest) and [Prover](#prover) sections are taken from this example.\\n\\n### Guest\\nThe program we are proving is called a **guest** in Risc Zero.\\nOur goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number.\\nGiven `a` and `b` below guest program computes `a * b` and produces\\na proof of computation.\\n\\n```rust title=\\"methods/guest/src/multiply.rs\\"\\npub fn main() {\\n // Load the first number from the host\\n let a: u64 = env::read();\\n // Load the second number from the host\\n let b: u64 = env::read();\\n // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors)\\n if a == 1 || b == 1 {\\n panic!(\\"Trivial factors\\")\\n }\\n // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow\\n let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect(\\"Integer overflow\\");\\n env::commit(&product);\\n}\\n```\\n\\n### Prover\\nIt\'s time to run the guest program and build the proof for \\na specific `a` and `b` values.\\n\\n```rust title=\\"prover/src/main.rs\\"\\nfn main() {\\n // Pick two numbers.\\n let a: u64 = 17;\\n let b: u64 = 23;\\n\\n // First, we make the prover, loading the \'multiply\' method.\\n let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH)\\n .expect(\\"Method code should be present at the specified path.\\");\\n let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID)\\n .expect(\\"Prover should be constructed.\\",);\\n\\n // Next we send a & b to the guest.\\n prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice());\\n prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice());\\n \\n // Run prover & generate receipt\\n let receipt = prover.run()\\n .expect(\\"Valid code should be provable.\\");\\n\\n // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b)\\n let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal)\\n .expect(\\"Journal output should deserialize.\\");\\n\\n // Print an assertion\\n println!(\\"I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!\\", c);\\n\\n // Verify receipt, panic if it\'s wrong.\\n receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect(\\n \\"Code you have proven should successfully verify.\\",\\n );\\n\\n // Convert journal to string and store on disk.\\n let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap();\\n write_to_file(\\"../data/journal\\", &journal);\\n\\n // Convert seal to string and store on disk.\\n let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap();\\n write_to_file(\\"../data/seal\\", &seal);\\n\\n // Convert method_id to string and store on disk.\\n let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap();\\n write_to_file(\\"../data/method\\", &result);\\n}\\n```\\n\\n### Verifier\\nNow the verification step.\\nGiven the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method),\\nCasper\'s smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written\\njust for the demonstration, but in general you want `METHOD_ID` to be\\nstored in your contract and both `SEAL` and `JOURNAL` to be passed to\\nthe contract via arguments from the outside.\\n\\n```rust title=\\"verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs\\"\\n// Import the proof and the method.\\nconst METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!(\\"../../data/method\\");\\nconst SEAL: &[u32] = &include!(\\"../../data/seal\\");\\nconst JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!(\\"../../data/journal\\");\\n\\n// Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. \\n#[odra::module]\\npub struct Verifier {\\n result: Variable<String>,\\n}\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\nimpl Verifier {\\n // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification.\\n pub fn verify(&mut self) {\\n let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID);\\n self.result.set(result);\\n }\\n\\n // Result getter.\\n pub fn result(&self) -> String {\\n self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from(\\"Not processed\\"))\\n }\\n}\\n\\n// The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it.\\nfn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String {\\n let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id);\\n\\n match result {\\n Ok(()) => String::from(\\"Ok\\"),\\n Err(err) => format!(\\"Error: {}\\", err.to_string())\\n }\\n}\\n```\\n\\n### Livenet results\\nI have deployed it to the testnet and called the `verify` method.\\nThe `result` was `Ok`. Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper.\\nTrustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :)\\n\\nThe cost of running the `verify` method is `2324 CSPR`. That\'s a lot, but\\nwe have to start somewhere.\\n\\n## What next\\nI think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving\\nthis forward. The community should discuss: \\n1. Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over\\nto Casper.\\n2. Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper\'s FFI.\\n3. Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome\\nopen-source project and gain the ZK expertise.\\n\\n## Join us\\nInterested in zero knowledge on Casper?\\n\\nJoin [our Discord][odra-discord], [our Twitter][odra-twitter] or write us\\nat contact@odra.dev.\\n\\n[odra-discord]: https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k\\n[odra-twitter]: https://twitter.com/odradev"},{"id":"release-020","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/release-020","source":"@site/blog/2022-11-30-release-020/index.md","title":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","description":"We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!","date":"2022-11-30T00:00:00.000Z","formattedDate":"November 30, 2022","tags":[],"readingTime":3.07,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Kuba P\u0142askonka","title":"Lead Developer","url":"https://github.com/kubaplas","key":"kubaplas"},{"name":"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn","title":"Lead Developer","url":"https://github.com/kpob","key":"kpob"},{"name":"Maciej Zieli\u0144ski","title":"CTO","url":"https://github.com/zie1ony","key":"zie1ony"}],"frontMatter":{"slug":"release-020","title":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","authors":["kubaplas","kpob","zie1ony"],"image":"https://github.com/odradev.png"},"prevItem":{"title":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","permalink":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0"}},"content":"We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## A bit of history\\nMore than a year ago Maciej Zieli\u0144ski resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at [CasperLabs][casperlabs].\\nAlong with Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn and Kuba P\u0142askonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts.\\n\\nLooking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes.\\nThe first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now.\\nIt has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling.\\nWhenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols.\\nFascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain.\\nThe second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly.\\nHere developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near. \\nThe code written for one platform is not portable.\\nThe network effect never had a chance to arise.\\n\\nThe main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability.\\nWe could paraphrase a bit and say:\\n\\"One to bring them all and in the code bind them.\\"\\n\\n## Odra for Casper\\nThe very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper.\\nIn comparison to [casper-contract][casper-contract] API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level.\\nThe Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, [Ink][ink], or [Near][near-sdk] will feel like at home.\\nWe hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper.\\n\\n## Odra Framework\\n\\nOdra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.\\nBuilt by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.\\nIt\'s free and open source.\\n\\nOdra\'s goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains. \\n\\nA smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems.\\nWe can do it by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. \\nThese are type system, storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment.\\nWe believe it will bring standardization to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this ecosystem.\\n\\nLet\u2019s look at a Flipper contract, that holds a boolean value.\\nThe contract has a constructor that sets the initial value, and two entry points: `flip()` and `get()`, to change and query the current value, respectively.\\n\\n```rust\\nuse odra::Variable;\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\npub struct Flipper {\\n value: Variable<bool>,\\n}\\n\\n#[odra::module]\\nimpl Flipper {\\n\\n #[odra(init)]\\n pub fn init(&mut self, value: bool) {\\n self.value.set(value);\\n }\\n\\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\\n self.value.set(!self.get());\\n }\\n\\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\\n self.value.get_or_default()\\n }\\n}\\n```\\n\\nIt comes with the CLI tool [cargo-odra][cargo-odra] that makes it easy to use Odra.\\n\\n![cargo-odra](./cargo_odra.gif)\\n\\nNeat and simple, isn\'t it? Do you like it? Start flowing with us!\\n\\n## What next\\n\\nLet\'s be honest, we are just starting.\\nThe codebase is still hot.\\nOn the other hand, we are happy with the interfaces we designed.\\nNow is the time to write documentation and tutorials.\\nWe are also building the modules library inspired by [OpenZeppelin][open-zeppelin].\\nThe security code audit is still ahead of us.\\n\\n## Join us\\n\\nCheck out the [Odra GitHub repository][odra-repo] for more info on how to get the most out of Odra. \\nShould you have questions, join [our Discord][odra-discord], [our Twitter][odra-twitter] or write us at contact@odra.dev.\\n\\n[casperlabs]: https://casperlabs.io\\n[odra-repo]: https://github.com/odradev/odra\\n[cargo-odra]: https://github.com/odradev/cargo-odra\\n[odra-discord]: https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k\\n[odra-twitter]: https://twitter.com/odradev\\n[casper-contract]: https://crates.io/crates/casper-contract\\n[ink]: https://crates.io/crates/ink_lang\\n[near-sdk]: https://crates.io/crates/near-sdk\\n[open-zeppelin]: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/"}]}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b338949b.ed59f570.js b/docs/assets/js/b338949b.ed59f570.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1067b4b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b338949b.ed59f570.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[32103],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=s(n),m=r,b=p["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(b,l(l({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(b,l({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)l[s]=n[s];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},60208:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Attributes",i={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-0.5.0/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/advanced/04-attributes.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage"},next:{title:"Signatures",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/signatures"}},c={},s=[{value:"Init",id:"init",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:3},{value:"Using",id:"using",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-1",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-2",level:3},{value:"Non Reentrant",id:"non-reentrant",level:2},{value:"Mixing attributes",id:"mixing-attributes",level:2}],u={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"attributes"},"Attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"init"},"Init"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If your contract needs initial setup, adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs"},"#[odra(init)]\npub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"using"},"Using"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An attribute applicable to struct fields. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"using")," attribute accepts multiple values, separated by ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},","),".\nEach value attribute must point at an existing field."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n access_control: AccessControl,\n meta: Metadata,\n #[odra(using = "access_control, meta")]\n // #[odra(using = "access_control, metadata")] - would not compile - `metadata` field does not exist\n storage: Storage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct AccessControl {\n owner: Variable<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Metadata {\n version: Variable<String>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Storage {\n value: Variable<u8>,\n access_control: AccessControl,\n meta: Metadata\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-2"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();\n let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();\n let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(init)]\nfn initialize() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b435d362.b8ed03e8.js b/docs/assets/js/b435d362.b8ed03e8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7072a6307 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b435d362.b8ed03e8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37150],{43396:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Examples","description":"Examples","slug":"/category/examples","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/category/examples","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Casper","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper"},"next":{"title":"odra-examples","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/examples/odra-examples"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b4f02106.8e03b0b8.js b/docs/assets/js/b4f02106.8e03b0b8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b068831eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b4f02106.8e03b0b8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[1442],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)l[d]=t[d];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},73437:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},l="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.6.0/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/advanced/02-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Module reusing",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/using"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20,\n exchange: Exchange\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b50b03ee.0ecca809.js b/docs/assets/js/b50b03ee.0ecca809.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0948c6a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b50b03ee.0ecca809.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[45486],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<s;l++)o[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},57740:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Casper Contract Schema",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n pub fn init(&self) {\n self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[odra::event]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To emit an event, we use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event")," function from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),", passing the event as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n});\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},'use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n test_env.emitted_event(\n party_contract.address(),\n &PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env.get_account(0),\n block_time: 0\n }\n );\n // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function\n test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");\n // You can also check how many events were emitted.\n assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To explore more event testing functions, check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open\nsource."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it\nby abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system,\nstorage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization\nto the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this\necosystem."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),"\nto find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},34954:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b6aaec29.43153ad9.js b/docs/assets/js/b6aaec29.43153ad9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6de0a3b65 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b6aaec29.43153ad9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[61655],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)n=s[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=a,v=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||s;return n?r.createElement(v,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(v,o({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<s;c++)o[c]=n[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},63510:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},o="Events",i={unversionedId:"basics/events",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/events",title:"Events",description:"Creating and emitting Events",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/09-events.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/events",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/events",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9,description:"Creating and emitting Events"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/errors"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing events",id:"testing-events",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing\nOdra Events. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::{Event, contract_env};\nuse odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract {\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&self) {\n PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n }.emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, we derive an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Event")," macro like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Among other things, it adds an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit()")," function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply\nas that:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n}.emit();\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a handy macro ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\nuse crate::features::events::PartyStarted;\nuse super::PartyContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();\n assert_events!(\n party_contract,\n PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env::get_account(0),\n block_time: 0,\n }\n );\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The third available template is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"workspace"),", which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created\nwith the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.0.0 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It runs your tests against Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MockVM"),". It is substantially faster than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM"),"\nand implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files,\nspin up ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM")," instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder.\nNotice, that this command does not require the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," option."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to build specific contract, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-contract-schema"},"Generating contract schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"schema")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder.\nIf the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Like with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build")," command, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option to generate a schema for a specific contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::casper_types::U512;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new attribute used here: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv::transfer_tokens()"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a function -\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::PublicWalletHostRef;\n use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b7573e33.11d8a8e5.js b/docs/assets/js/b7573e33.11d8a8e5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d94c9000 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b7573e33.11d8a8e5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[67897],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=a(67294);function n(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,r)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){n(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(n[a]=e[a]);return n}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(n[a]=e[a])}return n}var i=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=r.useContext(i),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,n=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(a),m=n,h=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||o;return a?r.createElement(h,l(l({ref:t},d),{},{components:a})):r.createElement(h,l({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,n=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||n){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(s[i]=t[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:n,l[1]=s;for(var u=2;u<o;u++)l[u]=a[u];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,a)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},51464:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>u});var r=a(87462),n=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={},l="Module Composer",s={unversionedId:"advanced/composer",id:"version-0.3.0/advanced/composer",title:"Module Composer",description:"The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. 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"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For each module, Odra generates a corresponding Composer struct (e.g., ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyContractComposer")," for ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyContract")," module), which aids in manual module composition."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"By default, the #","[odra::module]"," macro generates an implementation of the odra::Instance trait, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace. To disable this behavior, pass the ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"skip_instance")," argument to the #","[odra::module]"," macro."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a simple code example. 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Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b87f41d0.ee3d1ad7.js b/docs/assets/js/b87f41d0.ee3d1ad7.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f944b8ae6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b87f41d0.ee3d1ad7.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[97752],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},f=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),f=p(n),d=a,m=f["".concat(s,".").concat(d)]||f[d]||u[d]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=f;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)l[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}f.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},82979:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.3.1/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. 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Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/b94504cb.72965cbe.js b/docs/assets/js/b94504cb.72965cbe.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a9e61868 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/b94504cb.72965cbe.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[24415],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=s(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=d;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)i[s]=n[s];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},70872:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Attributes",l={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-0.4.0/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. 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The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(init)]\nfn initialize() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ba36c747.90cf523f.js b/docs/assets/js/ba36c747.90cf523f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e86b946b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ba36c747.90cf523f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[74997],{3905:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(t,e,n){return e in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function o(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(a=a.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=null!=arguments[e]?arguments[e]:{};e%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(e){r(t,e,n[e])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(e){Object.defineProperty(t,e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e))}))}return t}function i(t,e){if(null==t)return{};var n,a,r=function(t,e){if(null==t)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(t);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],e.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=t[n]);return r}(t,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],e.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(t,n)&&(r[n]=t[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(t){var e=a.useContext(l),n=e;return t&&(n="function"==typeof t?t(e):s(s({},e),t)),n},p=function(t){var e=c(t.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},t.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(t){var e=t.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},e)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(t,e){var n=t.components,r=t.mdxType,o=t.originalType,l=t.parentName,p=i(t,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:e},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:e},p))}));function m(t,e){var n=arguments,r=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof t||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(i[l]=e[l]);i.originalType=t,i.mdxType="string"==typeof t?t:r,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)s[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},44326:(t,e,n)=>{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/docs/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718616680,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"HostEnv",id:"hostenv",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(t){let{components:e,...n}=t;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{List, Var};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {\n name: "DogContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\nuse odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"super")," to import the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," from the parent module.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," are types that was generated for us by Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints)\nand implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/trait.HostRef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostRef"))," trait. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait.\nConsidering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),".\nAll of those structs implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::InitArgs")," trait, required to conform to the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Deployer::deploy")," method signature. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other import is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::host::Deployer"),". This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract?\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer"))," trait, which provides the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"deploy")," method:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute are available to us:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn env() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract2".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert_ne!(creator, creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," instance using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_test::env()"),".\nNext, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::ContractEnv::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(&self, address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512")," - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64)")," - increases the current value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block_time")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address")," - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0-th account"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance, R: Addressable>(&self, contract_address: &R, event: &T) -> bool")," - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full list of functions can be found in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/bab04a93.0a2ff427.js b/docs/assets/js/bab04a93.0a2ff427.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0048f12a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/bab04a93.0a2ff427.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[45006],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=s(n),m=r,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)l[s]=n[s];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},94071:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Attributes",i={unversionedId:"advanced/attributes",id:"version-0.7.0/advanced/attributes",title:"Attributes",description:"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/advanced/04-attributes.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage"},next:{title:"Signatures",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/advanced/signatures"}},c={},s=[{value:"Init",id:"init",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example",level:3},{value:"Using",id:"using",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-1",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-2",level:3},{value:"Non Reentrant",id:"non-reentrant",level:2},{value:"Example",id:"example-3",level:3},{value:"Mixing attributes",id:"mixing-attributes",level:2}],u={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"attributes"},"Attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"init"},"Init"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If your contract needs initial setup, adding the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs"},"#[odra(init)]\npub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"using"},"Using"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An attribute applicable to struct fields. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"using")," attribute accepts multiple values, separated by ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},","),".\nEach value attribute must point at an existing field."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n access_control: AccessControl,\n meta: Metadata,\n #[odra(using = "access_control, meta")]\n // #[odra(using = "access_control, metadata")] - would not compile - `metadata` field does not exist\n storage: Storage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct AccessControl {\n owner: Variable<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Metadata {\n version: Variable<String>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Storage {\n value: Variable<u8>,\n access_control: AccessControl,\n meta: Metadata\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-2"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();\n let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();\n let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n }\n .emit();\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-3"},"Example"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct NonReentrantCounter {\n counter: Variable<u32>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n #[odra(non_reentrant)]\n pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {\n if n > 0 {\n self.count();\n ReentrancyMockRef::at(&contract_env::self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n fn count(&mut self) {\n let c = self.counter.get_or_default();\n self.counter.set(c + 1);\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use odra::{test_env, types::ExecutionError};\n\n #[test]\n fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {\n test_env::assert_exception(ExecutionError::reentrant_call(), || {\n let mut contract = super::NonReentrantCounterDeployer::default();\n contract.count_ref_recursive(11);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. 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a feature that\nallows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner.\nThese are essentially prerequisites for function execution."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. 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"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env()\n .emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. 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Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var<bool>,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. 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This",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/advanced/04-storage-layout.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/storage-layout",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/storage-layout",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/backends"}},l={},d=[{value:"Casper VM Perspective",id:"casper-vm-perspective",level:2},{value:"Odra Perspective",id:"odra-perspective",level:2},{value:"Key generation.",id:"key-generation",level:2},{value:"Value serialization",id:"value-serialization",level:2}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This\narticle explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"casper-vm-perspective"},"Casper VM Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or\ndictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys,\nmaking it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this\nissue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"state"),". This\ndictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum\nlength of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look\nlike:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait CasperStorage {\n fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;\n fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-perspective"},"Odra Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally,\nwe aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider\nthis straightforward storage definition:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Token {\n name: Var<String>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," structure contains two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"String")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balances"),", which functions as a key-value store with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," as keys and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"U256")," as values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more\ncomplex example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct Loans {\n lenders: SubModule<Token>,\n borrowers: SubModule<Token>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," module has two fields: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers"),", both of which have\nthe same storage layout as defined by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," module. Odra guarantees that\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers")," are stored under distinct keys within the storage\ndictionary."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout\noperates."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"key-generation"},"Key generation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Every element of a module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"struct"),") with N elements is associated with an index\nranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an\nelement of a module is another module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<...>"),"), the associated index\nserves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an\nexample. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual\nimplementation."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Loans {\n lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0000\n name: 0, // key: 0x0000_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0000_0001\n },\n borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001\n name: 0, // key: 0x0001_0000\n balances: 1 // key: 0x0001_0001\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, it's worth mentioning how ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"'s keys are used in the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"storage"),". They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as\ndemonstrated in the example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For instance, triggering ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd)")," would result in a\nkey:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"0x0001_0001_1234_abcd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then\nencoded in hexadecimal format."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"value-serialization"},"Value serialization"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," types."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/bc77ce48.be2d9c50.js b/docs/assets/js/bc77ce48.be2d9c50.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..258de7a12 --- 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0."),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.9.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n #[odra::odra_error]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P9k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.9.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. 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Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The function named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function is optional,\nif your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var<T>"),". 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s={sidebar_position:3},o="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.2.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/backends/mock-vm"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/category/examples"}},l={},c=[{value:"Types",id:"types",level:2},{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"types"},"Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be written into the storage must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait OdraType: \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other exposed types are:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CallArgs")," - wraps around casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"RuntimeArgs")),";"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - U512 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - u64 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," - an enum that encapsulates casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/account/struct.AccountHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"AccountHash"))," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractPackageHash")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. 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As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra creates two ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. 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To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the Odra main repository."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. 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Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open\nsource."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it\nby abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system,\nstorage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization\nto the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this\necosystem."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"See the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," and our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),"\nto find out how to start your new project with Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0},15866:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=r.p+"assets/images/docs-cover-b8a52fd3e2deb53e343dd3094b0727c0.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/befd1fba.8e72e32e.js b/docs/assets/js/befd1fba.8e72e32e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dcbc290e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/befd1fba.8e72e32e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[31215],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)s[l]=n[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},98158:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/bfc20097.c9d6a863.js b/docs/assets/js/bfc20097.c9d6a863.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55fcc7cf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/bfc20097.c9d6a863.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[55897],{3905:(e,n,r)=>{r.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=r(67294);function o(e,n,r){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=r,e}function a(e,n){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(t=t.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,t)}return r}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var r=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(r),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,r[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(r)):a(Object(r)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var r,t,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var r,t,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)r=a[t],n.indexOf(r)>=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)r=a[t],n.indexOf(r)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var i=t.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=t.useContext(i),r=n;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),r},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return t.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},n)}},p=t.forwardRef((function(e,n){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||a;return r?t.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:r})):t.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var r=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d<a;d++)l[d]=r[d];return t.createElement.apply(null,l)}return t.createElement.apply(null,r)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},93969:(e,n,r)=>{r.r(n),r.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var t=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:4},l="Access Control",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/access-control",id:"tutorials/access-control",title:"Access Control",description:"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/access-control.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/access-control",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token"},next:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable"}},i={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Project Structure",id:"project-structure",level:3},{value:"Events and Errors",id:"events-and-errors",level:3},{value:"Module",id:"module",level:3}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,r,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"access-control"},"Access Control"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Ownable"))," module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"project-structure"},"Project Structure"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-plaintext"},"access-control\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access_control.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 events.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 errors.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5-L17")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-L24")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n MissingRole = 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::events::*;\nuse super::errors::Error;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Mapping};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,\n role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &self.env().caller() {\n self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L13")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"roles")," - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"role_admin")," - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L20")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L54")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L56-L64")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L66-L86")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. If the role is already granted, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role)."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_role_admin()")," entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31-L46")," - This is a combination of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_*_role()"),". Entry points fail on unauthorized access.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/bfc8213d.e11492ee.js b/docs/assets/js/bfc8213d.e11492ee.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d672c36b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/bfc8213d.e11492ee.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59309],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var r=a(67294);function n(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,r)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){n(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(n[a]=e[a]);return n}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(n[a]=e[a])}return n}var s=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,n=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(a),g=n,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||o;return a?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var a=arguments,n=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||n){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:n,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)l[c]=a[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,a)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},93853:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=a(87462),n=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.5.0/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,n.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c10f3592.195aa02a.js b/docs/assets/js/c10f3592.195aa02a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed113afc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c10f3592.195aa02a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[28966],{8968:a=>{a.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Building contracts manually","permalink":"/docs/advanced/building-manually"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c13d152b.606a6d4b.js b/docs/assets/js/c13d152b.606a6d4b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..375a27fee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c13d152b.606a6d4b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63668],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)s[l]=n[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},62260:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-0.5.0/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new attribute used here: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv::transfer_tokens()"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a function -\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::PublicWalletHostRef;\n use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In a broader context of the host environment (test, livenet), you can also transfer ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CSPR")," tokens between accounts:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n//let env = odra_test::env();\nlet (alice, bob) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1));\n\nenv.set_caller(alice);\nlet result = env.transfer_tokens(bob, odra::casper_types::U512::from(100));\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c1ae59bd.5624c97f.js b/docs/assets/js/c1ae59bd.5624c97f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..825403a34 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c1ae59bd.5624c97f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[7437],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},i=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),g=a,m=d["".concat(l,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||i;return n?r.createElement(m,o(o({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,o({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<i;c++)o[c]=n[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},64970:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={slug:"Nysa",title:"Nysa",authors:["kpob"],image:"./twitter-card.png"},o=void 0,s={permalink:"/blog/Nysa",source:"@site/blog/2023-08-18-nysa/index.md",title:"Nysa",description:'The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, and Gda\u0144sk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region\'s ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.',date:"2023-08-18T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"August 18, 2023",tags:[],readingTime:8.47,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn",title:"Lead Developer",url:"https://github.com/kpob",key:"kpob"}],frontMatter:{slug:"Nysa",title:"Nysa",authors:["kpob"],image:"./twitter-card.png"},nextItem:{title:"It's all about the community!",permalink:"/blog/its-all-about-the-community"}},l={image:n(46180).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},c=[],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, and Gda\u0144sk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region\'s ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The Nysa K\u0142odzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country's southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the K\u0142odzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Oh, wait, shouldn't it be a tech blog?"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0},46180:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>r});const r=n.p+"assets/images/twitter-card-941b7cfa84d4da7dd4848d3556845b53.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c1bc45da.0db54df8.js b/docs/assets/js/c1bc45da.0db54df8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4188db5d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c1bc45da.0db54df8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[17927],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>s,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},s=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,s=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(n),f=a,m=p["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||p[f]||u[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},s),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},s))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)l[d]=n[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},73799:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Memory allocators",i={unversionedId:"advanced/using-different-allocator",id:"advanced/using-different-allocator",title:"Memory allocators",description:"When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std.",source:"@site/docs/advanced/05-using-different-allocator.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/using-different-allocator",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1709127847,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 28, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage Layout",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout"},next:{title:"Building contracts manually",permalink:"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually"}},c={},d=[{value:"Using a different allocator",id:"using-a-different-allocator",level:2}],s={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},s,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"memory-allocators"},"Memory allocators"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no-std"),".\nThis means that instead of using the standard library, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"core"),"\ncrate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain\na memory allocator."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests\nthe one developed by ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/ink_allocator/latest/ink_allocator/"},"ink!"),"\nseems to be the best."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"using-a-different-allocator"},"Using a different allocator"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that\nalready provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"disable-allocator")," feature in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra")," dependency in your project:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled\nduring the building and tests, see the next article on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually"},"building manually"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c24519ee.c9bb5e5f.js b/docs/assets/js/c24519ee.c9bb5e5f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca5ed549c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c24519ee.c9bb5e5f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[87541],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)l[d]=t[d];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},52402:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},l="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.4.0/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/advanced/02-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Module Composer",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/composer"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20,\n exchange: Exchange\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c3fd70b6.de5707fc.js b/docs/assets/js/c3fd70b6.de5707fc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..61217bd62 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c3fd70b6.de5707fc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[68459],{28939:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/next/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/next/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c40f324a.a145b9fb.js b/docs/assets/js/c40f324a.a145b9fb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35504e869 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c40f324a.a145b9fb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[79812],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>k});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},i=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),k=a,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(k)]||d[k]||p[k]||i;return n?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:t},u))}));function k(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<i;c++)o[c]=n[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},8974:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:6},o="Ticketing System",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/nft",id:"tutorials/nft",title:"Ticketing System",description:"Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent ownership of unique items or pieces of content. They are commonly used for digital art, collectibles, in-game items, and other unique assets. In this tutorial, we will create a simple ticketing system based on NFT tokens.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/nft.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/nft",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/nft",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1716209688,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 20, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable"},next:{title:"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read"}},l={},c=[{value:"Ticket Office Contract",id:"ticket-office-contract",level:3},{value:"Setup the project",id:"setup-the-project",level:3},{value:"Contract implementation",id:"contract-implementation",level:3},{value:"Redesign",id:"redesign",level:3},{value:"Ticket Operator Contract",id:"ticket-operator-contract",level:4},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:3}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"ticketing-system"},"Ticketing System"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent ownership of unique items or pieces of content. They are commonly used for digital art, collectibles, in-game items, and other unique assets. In this tutorial, we will create a simple ticketing system based on NFT tokens."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our contract will adhere to the CEP-78 standard, which is the standard for NFTs on the Casper blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Learn more about the CEP-78 standard ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/cep-78-enhanced-nft/tree/dev/docs"},"here"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"ticket-office-contract"},"Ticket Office Contract"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Compliance with the CEP-78 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Ownership functionality."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Only the owner can issue new event tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Users can purchase tickets for events."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Tickets are limited to a one-time sale."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Public access to view the total income of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOffice"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"setup-the-project"},"Setup the project"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"contract-implementation"},"Contract implementation"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's start implementing the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TicketOffice")," contract by modify the code generated from the template. "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},'use odra::{\n args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert\n};\nuse odra_modules::access::Ownable;\nuse odra_modules::cep78::{\n modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode},\n token::Cep78,\n};\n\npub type TicketId = u64;\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub enum TicketStatus {\n Available,\n Sold,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct TicketInfo {\n event_name: String,\n price: U512,\n status: TicketStatus,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OnTicketIssue {\n ticket_id: TicketId,\n event_name: String,\n price: U512,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OnTicketSell {\n ticket_id: TicketId,\n buyer: Address,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200,\n InsufficientFunds = 201,\n InvalidTicketId = 202,\n TicketDoesNotExist = 203,\n}\n\n#[odra::module(\n events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell],\n errors = Error\n)]\npub struct TicketOffice {\n token: SubModule<Cep78>,\n ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,\n tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TicketOffice {\n pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) {\n self.ownable.init();\n let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name);\n self.token.init(\n collection_name,\n collection_symbol,\n total_supply,\n OwnershipMode::Transferable,\n NFTKind::Digital,\n NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal,\n NFTMetadataKind::Raw,\n MetadataMutability::Immutable,\n receipt_name,\n // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None\n ...\n );\n }\n\n pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {\n let env = self.env();\n let caller = env.caller();\n self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);\n // mint a new token\n let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None);\n let ticket_id: u64 = token_id\n .parse()\n .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId)\n .unwrap_or_revert(&env);\n // store ticket info\n self.tickets.set(\n &ticket_id,\n TicketInfo {\n event_name: event_name.clone(),\n price,\n status: TicketStatus::Available,\n },\n );\n // emit an event\n env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue {\n ticket_id,\n event_name,\n price,\n });\n }\n\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {\n let env = self.env();\n let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();\n let buyer = env.caller();\n let value = env.attached_value();\n // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold\n if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner {\n env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);\n }\n let mut ticket = self\n .tickets\n .get(&ticket_id)\n .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist);\n // only available tickets can be sold\n if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available {\n env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);\n }\n // check if the buyer sends enough funds\n if value < ticket.price {\n env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds);\n }\n // transfer csprs to the owner\n env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);\n // transfer the ticket to the buyer\n self.token\n .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer);\n ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold;\n self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket);\n\n env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {\n self.env().self_balance()\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L44")," - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketStatus")," enum represents the status of a ticket, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketInfo")," struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketId")," is a type alias for ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),". ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketIssue")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketSell")," are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-L49")," - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L51-L53")," - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOffice")," module definition. The module contains a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cep78")," token, an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module, and a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," that stores information about tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L74")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module initialization."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L76-L94")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"issue_ticket")," function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketIssue")," event."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L103")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"payable")," attribute indicates that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function can receive funds."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L104-L134")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OnTicketSell")," event.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Deploy the contract."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Issue two tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Buy tickets."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Try to buy the same ticket again."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the balance of the contract.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/tests.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/tests.rs"'},'use odra::{\n casper_types::U512,\n host::{Deployer, HostRef},\n};\n\nuse crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {\n collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),\n collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),\n total_supply: 100,\n }; \n let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));\n contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));\n\n let buyer = env.get_account(1);\n env.set_caller(buyer);\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(50))\n .try_buy_ticket(0),\n Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())\n );\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(100))\n .try_buy_ticket(0),\n Ok(())\n );\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(50))\n .try_buy_ticket(1),\n Ok(())\n );\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract\n .with_tokens(U512::from(100))\n .try_buy_ticket(0),\n Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())\n );\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner")," because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs"',title:'"odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs"'},"pub fn transfer(\n &mut self,\n token_id: Maybe<u64>,\n token_hash: Maybe<String>,\n source_key: Address,\n target_key: Address\n) -> TransferReceipt {\n ...\n\n if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator {\n self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner);\n }\n\n ...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's fix it by redesigning our little system."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"redesign"},"Redesign"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary \u2014 an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow:"),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"sequenceDiagram;\n autonumber\n actor Owner\n Owner->>+TicketOffice: Deploy\n Owner->>+Operator: Deploy\n actor Buyer\n Owner->>TicketOffice: call register_operator\n TicketOffice->>Operator: Register\n Operator->>TicketOffice: Register\n Owner->>TicketOffice: call issue_ticket\n TicketOffice->>Operator: Approve\n Buyer->>Operator: call buy_ticket\n Operator->>TicketOffice: call buy_ticket\n TicketOffice->>Buyer: Transfer ticket"}),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"ticket-operator-contract"},"Ticket Operator Contract"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator\n")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/ticket_operator.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/ticket_operator.rs"'},"use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef};\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n UnknownTicketOffice = 300,\n}\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error)]\npub struct TicketOperator {\n ticket_office_address: Var<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TicketOperator {\n pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) {\n self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address);\n }\n\n // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds.\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {\n let env = self.env();\n let buyer = env.caller();\n let value = env.attached_value();\n let center = self\n .ticket_office_address\n .get()\n .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice);\n let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center);\n // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer\n ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value);\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {\n self.env().self_balance()\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L7")," - Define errors that will be used in the contract."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L13")," - Define the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOperator")," module that stores the address of the ticketing office."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-L18")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"register")," function sets the address of the ticketing office."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L20-L32")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOfficeContractRef")," to interact we the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"TicketOffice")," contract. Note that, the operator's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," now receives funds.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now we need to adjust the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TicketOffice")," contract to use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TicketOperator")," contract to buy tickets."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n\n... \n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n ...\n MissingOperator = 204,\n Unauthorized = 205,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct TicketOffice {\n ...\n operator: Var<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl TicketOffice {\n ... \n\n pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) {\n // only the owner can register an operator\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);\n // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract\n TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address());\n self.operator.set(operator);\n }\n\n pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {\n // minting logic remains the same...\n ...\n\n // approve the operator to transfer the ticket\n let operator = self.operator();\n self.token\n .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None);\n\n // emit an event\n ...\n }\n\n pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) {\n let env = self.env();\n let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();\n let caller = env.caller();\n // make sure the caller is the operator\n if !self.is_operator(caller) {\n env.revert(Error::Unauthorized);\n }\n\n ...\n // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer\n // it is now handled by the operator contract.\n // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool {\n Some(caller) == self.operator.get()\n }\n\n #[inline]\n fn operator(&self) -> Address {\n self.operator\n .get()\n .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator)\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L15")," - the contract stores the operator address."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - a new function ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"register_operator")," allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"register")," entry point on the operator contract."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L36-38")," - modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"issue_ticket")," function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L44-L57")," - modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"buy_ticket")," function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We also added two helper functions: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_operator")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"operator")," to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MissingOperator")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Unauthorized"),".")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/tests.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/tests.rs"'},'use odra::{\n casper_types::U512,\n host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs},\n OdraResult,\n};\n\nuse crate::{\n ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef,\n token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs},\n};\n\n#[test]\nfn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {\n collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),\n collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),\n total_supply: 100,\n };\n let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone());\n ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));\n ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));\n\n let buyer = env.get_account(1);\n env.set_caller(buyer);\n\n assert_eq!(\n buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50),\n Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())\n );\n assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(()));\n assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(()));\n assert_eq!(\n buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100),\n Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())\n );\n\n assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150));\n}\n\nfn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> {\n operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id)\n}\n\n')),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c43892d3.fe422566.js b/docs/assets/js/c43892d3.fe422566.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..837c5c8be --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c43892d3.fe422566.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[59138],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>h});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var 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s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function we want to use."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use odra::types::Address;\n use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());\n\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address() -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c52d4d42.f39f1744.js b/docs/assets/js/c52d4d42.f39f1744.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48638cd85 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c52d4d42.f39f1744.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[97227],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var n=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(r){a(e,r,n[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,a=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<o.length;t++)n=o[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<o.length;t++)n=o[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),c=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},u=function(e){var r=c(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},d=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(n),m=a,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||p[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},u),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},u))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=d;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)s[c]=n[c];return t.createElement.apply(null,s)}return t.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},38008:(e,r,n)=>{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/events"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},u,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::types::Address;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Variable<String>,\n owner: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet => 1,\n NotAnOwner => 2,\n }\n}\n\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_exception"),". This is how you will\nuse it:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};\nuse super::Error;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_owner_error() {\n let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {\n owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());\n })\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, because we are calling the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),' method as an address which is not an "owner",\nwe are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.'),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractRef::at()")," and passing to it\nits Address. Note that ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractDeployer::init()")," returns the same type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c5cef920.99f0fcba.js b/docs/assets/js/c5cef920.99f0fcba.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c572fc3d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c5cef920.99f0fcba.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[88590],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function o(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function a(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var n=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?a(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(r){o(e,r,n[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):a(Object(n)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,o=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)n=a[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)n=a[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=t.createContext({}),c=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},p=function(e){var r=c(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},u=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=o,w=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||a;return n?t.createElement(w,s(s({ref:r},p),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(w,s({ref:r},p))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,o=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<a;c++)s[c]=n[c];return t.createElement.apply(null,s)}return t.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},62467:(e,r,n)=>{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var t=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/events"}},l={},c=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},p,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::types::Address;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Variable<String>,\n owner: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet => 1,\n NotAnOwner => 2,\n }\n}\n\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},"odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_exception"),". This is how you will\nuse it:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/errors.rs"'},'use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};\nuse super::Error;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_owner_error() {\n let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());\n\n odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);\n odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractRef::at(owned_contract.address());\n owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());\n })\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, because we are calling the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),' method as an address which is not an "owner",\nwe are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.'),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractRef::at()")," and passing to it\nits Address. Note that ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractDeployer::init()")," returns the same type.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c5f43526.355822f4.js b/docs/assets/js/c5f43526.355822f4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..726b6ddee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c5f43526.355822f4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[2037],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function 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n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(r),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return r?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=r[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,r)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},50605:(e,t,r)=>{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},i="Directory structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.3.1/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},c=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:".builder_* folders",id:"builder_-folders",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 .builder_casper/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/mock-vm")," - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/casper")," - backend implementation of Casper blockchain\nMore backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"builder_-folders"},".builder_* folders"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary\nfor building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify\nfiles in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".")," at the beginning of the\nfolder name)."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c6385d27.f868001d.js b/docs/assets/js/c6385d27.f868001d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c531801c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c6385d27.f868001d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25579],{48187:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.6.0/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Module reusing","permalink":"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/using"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c705646d.96e548c5.js b/docs/assets/js/c705646d.96e548c5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e00f7929 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c705646d.96e548c5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[6489],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=a,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)s[c]=n[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},65350:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.6.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"Test env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Deployer",id:"deployer",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{Variable, List};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::DogContract3Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(module)]")," macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the\nVM:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test env"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::TestingContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_env() {\n let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert!(creator != creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::test_env::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError>")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git 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o={sidebar_position:2},i="MockVM",c={unversionedId:"backends/mock-vm",id:"version-0.2.0/backends/mock-vm",title:"MockVM",description:"The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/backends/02-mock-vm.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/mock-vm",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/backends/mock-vm",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"What is a backend?",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"},next:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/backends/casper"}},s={},l=[{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Architecture",id:"architecture",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"mockvm"},"MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing\nthe code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the\nblockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You are running your code against it."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"architecture"},"Architecture"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"MockVM consists of two main parts: the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," and the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register")," is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),".\nEach time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Register"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," of the MockVM."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain,\nthe MockVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the MockVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nMockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the MockVM backend is enabled, the 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a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<a;l++)i[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},48458:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.3.1/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/host.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/host.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable<String>,\n created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,\n created_by: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". 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This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},p=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-unknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --locked\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new folder called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src")," directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/c95b781b.7aece3f4.js b/docs/assets/js/c95b781b.7aece3f4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8181efc9f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/c95b781b.7aece3f4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use 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Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced storage using key-value pairs,"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),","),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced event assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. 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In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Odra does not allows nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n \n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L9")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L28")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L38")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint")," function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," uses the notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(address, *amount);"),", which is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;\n\nlet current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\nself.balances.set(address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers title=erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0,title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InsufficientAllowance = 2,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, recipient, spender) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n ));\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n env.set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n // Given a new instance.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the spender\'s allowance is zero.\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n // Then transfer fails.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L146")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract;\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n pub fn init(&self) {\n self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"#[odra::event]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: u64,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To emit an event, we use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit_event")," function from the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),", passing the event as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},"self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {\n caller: self.env().caller(),\n block_time: self.env().get_block_time()\n});\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/events.rs"'},'use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, NoArgs};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n test_env.emitted_event(\n &party_contract,\n &PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env.get_account(0),\n block_time: 0\n }\n );\n // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function\n test_env.emitted(&party_contract, "PartyStarted");\n // You can also check how many events were emitted.\n assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(&party_contract), 1);\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To explore more event testing functions, check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ca9ead02.0b662191.js b/docs/assets/js/ca9ead02.0b662191.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e92b4f5a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ca9ead02.0b662191.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[91950],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function s(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):s(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function o(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<s.length;n++)a=s[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<s.length;n++)a=s[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},c=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=p(a),m=r,f=c["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||d[m]||s;return a?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=a.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=c;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var p=2;p<s;p++)i[p]=a[p];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},87998:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},i="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Var",id:"var",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"Custom Types",id:"custom-types",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},u,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"var"},"Var"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Var<bool>,\n weight: Var<u32>,\n name: Var<String>,\n walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Var;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Var<String>,\n friends: Mapping<String, u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Var working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{List, Var};\n\npub struct List<T> {\n values: Mapping<u32, T>,\n index: Var<u32>\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Var<String>,\n walks: List<u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/features/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"custom-types"},"Custom Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType"),": "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, OdraType};\n\n#[derive(OdraType)]\npub struct Dog {\n pub name: String,\n pub age: u8,\n pub owner: Option<Address>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperDeployer")," - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros.\nThe contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cbdaac1b.75435457.js b/docs/assets/js/cbdaac1b.75435457.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..162b0bcaf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cbdaac1b.75435457.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[3744],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>c});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?i(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):i(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(t),c=r,w=p["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||p[c]||m[c]||i;return t?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:n},d))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=p;var l={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(l[s]=n[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var u=2;u<i;u++)o[u]=t[u];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},55468:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>u});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-0.2.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},u=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function m(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining constructors,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Variable<Address>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - Firstly, we need create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," to it above."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent};\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n if self.owner.get().is_some() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(owner);\n \n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,\n }\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]")," making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum is defined inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"execution_error")," macro. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into<ExecutionError>")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L11")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::revert()")," function. As an argument we pass ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L33")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::Event"),". We highly recommend to derive ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Debug"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"PartialEq")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Eq")," for testing purpose."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23")," - Finally, we create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," struct and call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"emit()")," function on it (import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::types::event::OdraEvent")," trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(new_owner);\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n NotOwner => 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5,L32")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_env::caller()")," function. The we update the state, and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22,L34")," - Lastly, a getter function. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Variable")," ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get()")," function returns an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option"),", we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\n\n fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {\n let owner = test_env::get_account(0);\n let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);\n (owner, ownable)\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (owner, ownable) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n \n test_env::set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n assert_events!(\n ownable,\n OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (_, mut ownable) = setup();\n let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n \n test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {\n // If we don't create a new ref, an error occurs:\n // cannot borrow `ownable` as mutable, as it is \n // a captured variable in a `Fn` closure cannot borrow as mutable\n let mut ownable = OwnableRef::at(ownable.address());\n ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7")," - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Odra created for us ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableDeployer")," struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-15")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-23")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"assert_events"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L30")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test env")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L32")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," with the error you expect and a failing block of code.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In the test we create a second contract reference ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"let mut ownable = OwnableRef::at(ownable.address());"),". As the name stands, it is just a reference, we interact with the same contract - only the address matters.")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cc61c55f.c5640e08.js b/docs/assets/js/cc61c55f.c5640e08.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbff48467 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cc61c55f.c5640e08.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[27867],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):a(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),d=o,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||p[d]||m[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<a;l++)i[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},35660:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n created_at: Var<u64>,\n created_by: Var<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()"),". It is an implementation of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/module/trait.Module.html#tymehtod.env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Module::env()")),", autogenerated\nby ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The function returns a reference to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/struct.ContractEnv.html"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," (you can read more in\nthe ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Backend section")),"). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables. "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we use two of them:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_block_time()")," - returns the current block time as u64. 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structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},d=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"bin/",id:"bin",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 rust-toolchain\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin/\n| |\u2500\u2500 build_contract.rs\n| \u2514\u2500\u2500 build_schema.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.9.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.9.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "0.9.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-test")," is also\nadded as a dev dependency."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"bin"},"bin/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live.\nYou don't need to modify those files, they are generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command and\nare used by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra schema")," commands."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cd591068.e0df5b95.js b/docs/assets/js/cd591068.e0df5b95.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..562cc53b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cd591068.e0df5b95.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[92331],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=c(n),m=a,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)s[c]=n[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},94806:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"Test env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Deployer",id:"deployer",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},'use odra::{Variable, List};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::DogContract3Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(module)]")," macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the\nVM:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},'let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test env"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::TestingContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_env() {\n let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert!(creator != creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::test_env::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance")," - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime)")," - it increases the current value of block_time"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address")," - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0th account"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F)")," - it executes the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block")," code and expects ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"err")," to happen"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError>")," - returns\nthe event emitted by the contract")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Again, we'll see those used in the next articles."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"deployer"},"Deployer"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You may be wondering what is the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractDeployer")," and where did it come from.\nIt is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nIf you used the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract.\nOdra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::default()")," method.\nIn the end, you will get a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," instance (in our case the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"TestingContractRef"),") which reimplements all\nthe methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," contract, visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross calls")," article."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},p=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-unknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra --locked\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new folder called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src")," directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cde2d623.b80529fb.js b/docs/assets/js/cde2d623.b80529fb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8302c0398 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cde2d623.b80529fb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[70825],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):a(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=o,f=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,s=new Array(a);s[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(i[l]=t[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,s[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<a;u++)s[u]=n[u];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},60090:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:12,description:"Divide your code into modules"},s="Modules",i={unversionedId:"basics/modules",id:"basics/modules",title:"Modules",description:"Divide your code into modules",source:"@site/docs/basics/11-modules.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/modules",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:12,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:12,description:"Divide your code into modules"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls"},next:{title:"Native token",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/native-token"}},l={},u=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"modules"},"Modules"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),' attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"important"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," type. This is a special type\nthat crates a keyspace (read more in ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),") and provide access to its public methods.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.1.0/examples/src/contracts/owned_token.rs"},"OwnedToken example")," in the main Odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::ModulesContractHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ce4f9116.5a0bbbe5.js b/docs/assets/js/ce4f9116.5a0bbbe5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a0c4d883 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ce4f9116.5a0bbbe5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99680],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):a(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=o,h=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(h,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(h,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d<a;d++)l[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},3529:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:4},l="Access Control",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/access-control",id:"version-0.7.0/tutorials/access-control",title:"Access Control",description:"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/tutorials/access-control.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/access-control",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/access-control",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token"},next:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable"}},i={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Errors",id:"events-and-errors",level:3},{value:"Module",id:"module",level:3}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"access-control"},"Access Control"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Ownable"))," module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{types::Address, Event};\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L16")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L21")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n MissingRole => 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress => 20_001,\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked}\n};\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address},\n Mapping\n};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<Role, Mapping<Address, bool>>,\n role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_instance(role).get_or_default(address)\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &contract_env::caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &contract_env::caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &contract_env::caller() {\n contract_env::revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.get_instance(role).set(address, true);\n RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: contract_env::caller()\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.get_instance(role).set(address, false);\n RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: contract_env::caller()\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L15-L19")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"role_admin - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L23-L25")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L54")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L55-L59")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L61-L70")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L72-L94")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. If the role is already granted, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role)."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L27-L34")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_role_admin()")," entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L36-L51")," - This is a combination of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_*_role()"),". 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It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my-project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using an existing template located in\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra-template"},"https://github.com/odradev/odra-template"),".\nIf you want, you can use your own template, by passing ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-r")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -r https://github.com/my-repo/my-odra-template --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, you can pass a branch name you want to use using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-g"),", otherwise, the default\nbranch will be used. To see an example of a template, take a look at the repository linked above."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. To run ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo update")," on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders\nyou can use this command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra update\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ce9c8ec6.dd9e5ce1.js b/docs/assets/js/ce9c8ec6.dd9e5ce1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cae225687 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ce9c8ec6.dd9e5ce1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[21957],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function i(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):i(i({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(t),m=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)i[l]=t[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},15766:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},i="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-0.9.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/advanced/02-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/attributes"}},c={},l=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),": A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence<T>\nwhere\n T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped\n{\n value: Var<T>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value.\nIn previous examples, the value of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Mappings {\n strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,\n tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Mappings {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {\n self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));\n opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Firstly, within a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you don't encapsulate the module with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Submodule"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Secondly, rather than utilizing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::module()"),", which returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<T>")," and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n counter: Sequence<u32>,\n tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {\n let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.balance_of(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {\n let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.mint(amount, to);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cecbc2b5.b41420c7.js b/docs/assets/js/cecbc2b5.b41420c7.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..027798513 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cecbc2b5.b41420c7.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[65901],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var 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a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},63481:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},i="What is a backend?",c={unversionedId:"backends/what-is-a-backend",id:"version-0.3.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",title:"What is a backend?",description:"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/backends/01-what-is-a-backend.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/what-is-a-backend",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/what-is-a-backend",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/category/backends"},next:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm"}},s={},l=[{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"what-is-a-backend"},"What is a backend?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract.\nThis can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM"),",\nor a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cf3f256a.78eca585.js b/docs/assets/js/cf3f256a.78eca585.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..469cf0026 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cf3f256a.78eca585.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73175],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var 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n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(r),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return r?n.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(f,i({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=r[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,r)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},55132:(e,t,r)=>{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},i="Directory structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},c=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:".builder_* folders",id:"builder_-folders",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},d,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 .builder_casper/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/mock-vm")," - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/casper")," - backend implementation of Casper blockchain\nMore backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"builder_-folders"},".builder_* folders"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary\nfor building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify\nfiles in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".")," at the beginning of the\nfolder name)."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/cfdaa3fd.f7f00778.js b/docs/assets/js/cfdaa3fd.f7f00778.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed12935f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/cfdaa3fd.f7f00778.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[24999],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?s(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){a(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):s(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a={},s=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)t=s[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<s.length;r++)t=s[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=d(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return t?r.createElement(f,o(o({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,o({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var s=t.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<s;d++)o[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},37982:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:3},o="ERC-20",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/erc20",id:"version-0.9.1/tutorials/erc20",title:"ERC-20",description:"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/tutorials/erc20.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/erc20",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/erc20",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Ownable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/ownable"},next:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token"}},i={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:2},{value:"Metadata",id:"metadata",level:3},{value:"Core",id:"core",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"erc-20"},"ERC-20"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20"},"Erc20")," standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced storage using key-value pairs,"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Odra types such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),","),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Advanced event assertion.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It is designed to store the following data:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Total supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Balances of individual users."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),". The name is taken after Solidity's native type ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mapping"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - Odra does not allows nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping"),"s as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"metadata"},"Metadata"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.name.set(name);\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.symbol.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.decimals.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.total_supply.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n \n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The first ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3-L9")," - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L28")," - The second ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L29-L38")," - The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint")," function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mint()")," uses the notation ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"self.balances.add(address, *amount);"),", which is syntactic sugar for:")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;\n\nlet current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();\nlet new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());\nself.balances.set(address, new_balance);\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"core"},"Core"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_from"),", and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"approve"),". Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"showLineNumbers title=erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0,title:"erc20.rs"},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.balances.get_or_default(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n ...\n\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);\n if *amount > owner_balance {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;\n self.allowances\n .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 1,\n InsufficientAllowance = 2,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, compare the code we have written, with ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"},"Open Zeppelin code"),". Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?"),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=erc20.rs showLineNumbers",title:"erc20.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'#[cfg(test)]\npub mod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, recipient, spender) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let approved_amount = 3_000.into();\n let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();\n\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));\n\n // Owner approves Spender.\n erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);\n\n // Allowance was recorded.\n assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount\n }\n ));\n\n // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.\n env.set_caller(spender);\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);\n\n // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&owner),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount\n );\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n ));\n // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_from_error() {\n // Given a new instance.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the spender\'s allowance is zero.\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n // Then transfer fails.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L146")," - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Having two modules: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d0c01b74.6a43ad0e.js b/docs/assets/js/d0c01b74.6a43ad0e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b72e722b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d0c01b74.6a43ad0e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[33622],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function o(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)n=i[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)n=i[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,u=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=r,f=d["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||c[m]||i;return n?a.createElement(f,s(s({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,s({ref:t},u))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,s=new Array(i);s[0]=d;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=o;for(var p=2;p<i;p++)s[p]=n[p];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},62276:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>o,toc:()=>p});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},s="Storage interaction",o={unversionedId:"basics/storage-interaction",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction",title:"Storage interaction",description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/05-storage-interaction.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/storage-interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5,description:"How to write data into blockchain's storage"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals"},next:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host"}},l={},p=[{value:"Variable",id:"variable",level:2},{value:"Mapping",id:"mapping",level:2},{value:"List",id:"list",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:p};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-interaction"},"Storage interaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go\nthrough all of them and explain their pros and cons."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"variable"},"Variable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your\nvariable in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),' type. Let\'s look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:'),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract {\n barks: Variable<bool>,\n weight: Variable<u32>,\n name: Variable<String>,\n pets: Variable<Vec<u32>>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," wrapping the data. Even complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," can be wrapped (with some caveats)!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {\n self.barks.set(barks);\n self.weight.set(weight);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());\n }\n\n pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {\n self.barks.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {\n self.weight.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len() as u32\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.iter().sum()\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, you can access the data, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_or_default")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"...\nself.barks.get_or_default()\n...\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Keep in mind that using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get()")," will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable\ndoesn't have to be initialized!")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To modify the data, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set()")," function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"self.barks.set(barks);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it\nserializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap"),",\neach time you ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get")," or ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/variable.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/variable.rs"'},"pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {\n let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();\n walks.len()\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient,\nespecially for larger sets of data."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To tackle this issue following two types were created."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"mapping"},"Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to\npass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that\nuses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{Mapping, Variable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract2 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n friends: Mapping<String, u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values\n(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach\nto the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/mapping.rs"'},"pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {\n let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());\n self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);\n}\n\npub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {\n match self.friends.get(&friend_name) {\n None => {\n 0\n },\n Some(v) => {\n v\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The biggest improvement over a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable")," is that we can model functionality of a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HashMap")," using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nThe amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),".\nWe could implement such behaviour by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a\nseparate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List")," type."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with\na Variable working together:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="core/src/list.rs"',title:'"core/src/list.rs"'},"use odra::{Variable, List};\n\npub struct List<T> {\n values: Mapping<u32, T>,\n index: Variable<u32>\n}\n"))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"list"},"List"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),",\nwe'll use the list:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct DogContract3 {\n name: Variable<String>,\n walks: List<u32>,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, the notation is very similar to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Vec"),". To understand the usage, take a look\nat the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk\n(it writes the data to the storage):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/list.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\nimpl DogContract3 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.len()\n }\n\n pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {\n self.walks.iter().sum()\n }\n\n pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage.\nWe need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all\nthe cases for you."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/docs/")," folder.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d15969ed.fe295ed8.js b/docs/assets/js/d15969ed.fe295ed8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4ee11349 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d15969ed.fe295ed8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[40190],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>p});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var u=n.createContext({}),i=function(e){var t=n.useContext(u),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),a},c=function(e){var t=i(e.components);return n.createElement(u.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},m=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,u=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=i(a),p=r,h=m["".concat(u,".").concat(p)]||m[p]||d[p]||o;return a?n.createElement(h,s(s({ref:t},c),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(h,s({ref:t},c))}));function p(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=m;var l={};for(var u in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,u)&&(l[u]=t[u]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,s[1]=l;for(var i=2;i<o;i++)s[i]=a[i];return n.createElement.apply(null,s)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},86318:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>i});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={slug:"odra-cosmwasm",title:"Odra + CosmWasm",authors:["kpob"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},s=void 0,l={permalink:"/blog/odra-cosmwasm",source:"@site/blog/2023-02-15-odra-cosmos.md",title:"Odra + CosmWasm",description:"In November 2022 we released the first version of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.",date:"2023-02-15T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"February 15, 2023",tags:[],readingTime:5.96,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Krzysztof Pobiar\u017cyn",title:"Lead Developer",url:"https://github.com/kpob",key:"kpob"}],frontMatter:{slug:"odra-cosmwasm",title:"Odra + CosmWasm",authors:["kpob"],image:"https://github.com/odradev.png"},prevItem:{title:"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra",permalink:"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra"},nextItem:{title:"EVM at Risc0",permalink:"/blog/evm-at-risc0"}},u={authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},i=[{value:"CosmWasm",id:"cosmwasm",level:2},{value:"Show me your code",id:"show-me-your-code",level:2},{value:"Deploy",id:"deploy",level:2},{value:"Show me your transaction",id:"show-me-your-transaction",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2},{value:"Join us",id:"join-us",level:2}],c={toc:i};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In November 2022 we released ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/blog/release-020"},"the first version")," of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"cosmwasm"},"CosmWasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"CosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem.\nThe platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend.\nThere are many blockchains like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docsosmosis.zone/"},"Osmosis"),", ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://scrt.network/"},"Secret Network"),", ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.junonetwork.io/"},"Juno")," that utilize CosmWasm."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"show-me-your-code"},"Show me your code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"I would like to write a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Counter")," smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible.\nWhat are the requirements?"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"It should store a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u32")," value. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The initial value it set by the contract deployer."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The value can be incremented."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The value can read from the storage."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract can call another contract and increment its counter.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So let's write an Odra module first."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=counter.rs",title:"counter.rs"},"use odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env};\nuse self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Counter {\n pub value: Variable<u32>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init {\n value,\n });\n }\n\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n let old_value = self.value.get_or_default();\n let new_value = old_value + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n \n ValueUpdated {\n old_value,\n new_value,\n operator: contract_env::caller()\n }.emit();\n }\n\n pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) {\n CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\nmod events {\n use odra::types::Address;\n\n #[derive(odra::Event)]\n pub struct ValueUpdated {\n pub old_value: u32,\n pub new_value: u32,\n pub operator: Address\n }\n \n #[derive(odra::Event)]\n pub struct Init {\n pub value: u32,\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n\n #[test]\n fn deploy() {\n let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);\n assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn increment() {\n let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);\n counter.increment();\n assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value());\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here the beauty of Odra comes into play."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo-odra"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b cosmos\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"And... that's it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract.\nAs you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," flag."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploy"},"Deploy"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As a battlefield let's choose ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.junonetwork.io/"},"Juno Network")," (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://medium.com/@NitroBiell/smart-contract-development-quick-start-on-juno-5dabf6fdcad0"},"Quick Start tutorial"),"). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/CosmWasm/wasmd"},"wasmd"),", and its interface is alike."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Assuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let's move to the fun part."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"But before we go, to keep things simple, let's prepare a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casey/just"},"justfile"),". It'll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/feature/cosmos/odra-cosmos/juno-client/justfile"},"full version"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-justfile",metastring:"title=justfile",title:"justfile"},'NODE := "--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443"\nCHAIN_ID := "--chain-id uni-6"\nQUERY_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID\nTRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := "--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block"\nEXEC_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID + " " + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS\n\nget-address NAME:\n junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.*\n\nstore-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER:\n junod tx wasm store \\\n {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}}\n\ninit-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME:\n junod tx wasm instantiate \\\n {{CODE_ID}} \\\n `just run-args-parser \'{"name": "init", "args": [ { "value" : {{VALUE}} }]}\'` \\\n --label \'{{CONTRACT_NAME}}\' --from {{SENDER}} \\\n --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \\\n {{EXEC_FLAGS}}\n\nexec-increment ADDRESS SENDER:\n junod tx wasm execute \\\n {{ADDRESS}} \\\n `just run-args-parser \'{"name": "increment"}\'` \\\n --from {{SENDER}} \\\n {{EXEC_FLAGS}}\n\nquery-get-value ADDRESS:\n junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \\\n `just run-args-parser \'{"name": "get_value"}\'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we are ready to go."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There are three ways to interact with a contract."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Query - read the contract's state.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'# args: \n# the path to a wasm file,\n# the name under we store the private key.\njust store-wasm counter.wasm odra\n\n...\nraw_log: \'[{"events":[{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"store_code","attributes":[{"key":"code_checksum","value":"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]}]}]\'\n...\ntxhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Great, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"code_id")," which we will use to initialize the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'# args: \n# code id taken from the previous tx, \n# counter initial value, \n# named private key,\n# contract label.\njust init-contract 286 1 odra "My Counter"\n\n...\nraw_log: \'[{"events":[{"type":"instantiate","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]},{"type":"wasm-Init","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]}]}]\'\n...\ntxhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Fantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"),".\nIt's time to increment the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'# args:\n# contract address taken from the previous tx,\n# named private key\njust exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra\n\n...\nraw_log: \'[{"events":[{"type":"execute","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"action","value":"increment"}]},{"type":"wasm-ValueUpdated","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"old_value","value":"1"},{"key":"new_value","value":"2"},{"key":"operator","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]}]}]\'\n...\ntxhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"# args:\n# contract address\njust query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\n\ndata: 2\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Indeed, as expected the current counter value is 2."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"show-me-your-transaction"},"Show me your transaction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"I get it, you don't want to do it all by yourself. So let's take a closer look at one of my transactions."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'junod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6\n...\nlogs:\n- events:\n - attributes:\n - key: _contract_address\n value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\n type: execute\n - attributes:\n - key: action\n value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract\n - key: module\n value: wasm\n - key: sender\n value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\n type: message\n - attributes:\n - key: _contract_address\n value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\n - key: action\n value: increment\n type: wasm\n - attributes:\n - key: _contract_address\n value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g\n - key: old_value\n value: "1"\n - key: new_value\n value: "2"\n - key: operator\n value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh\n type: wasm-ValueUpdated\n...\ntxhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing\nthe performed action (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"increment"),") (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute).\nWe can find here also our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ValueUpdated")," event with its arguments ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"old_value"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"operator"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Wow, we have it, everything worked as intended!"),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Wouldn't it be great to replace ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/erc20/tree/master/erc20/src"},"Casper Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/CosmWasm/cw-plus/tree/main/contracts/cw20-base/src"},"Cosmos Erc20")," with a super-simple\nsingle ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.2.0/examples/src/erc20.rs"},"Odra Erc20")," implementation?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Counter")," contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us.\nThis simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls\ncan be unified in a simple readable interface."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"CosmWasm integration hasn't been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself,\ncheck our GitHub (don't forget to update cargo-odra as well)."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"join-us"},"Join us"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Interested?"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Join ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"our Discord"),", ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/odradev"},"our Twitter")," or write us\nat ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"mailto:contact@odra.dev"},"contact@odra.dev"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Every contract you\nwrite is also a module, thanks to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),' attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math\nexample from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:'),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ModulesContract {\n pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ModulesContract {\n pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {\n self.math_engine.add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"important"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule")," type. This is a special type\nthat crates a keyspace (read more in ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),") and provide access to its public methods.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Note that we didn't need to rewrite the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," - we are using the contract from cross calls example as\na module!"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/examples/src/contracts/owned_token.rs"},"OwnedToken example")," in the main Odra repository!")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/modules.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/modules.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::ModulesContractHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"We will see how to handle native token transfers."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env()\n .emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct NonReentrantCounter {\n counter: Var<u32>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n #[odra(non_reentrant)]\n pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {\n if n > 0 {\n self.count();\n ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n fn count(&mut self) {\n let c = self.counter.get_or_default();\n self.counter.set(c + 1);\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};\n\n #[test]\n fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);\n assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d32d6987.346ba851.js b/docs/assets/js/d32d6987.346ba851.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccdcadbc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d32d6987.346ba851.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[95684],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=a,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,s({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)s[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},3023:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:13,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:13,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:13,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new attribute used here: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv::transfer_tokens()"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a function -\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::PublicWalletHostRef;\n use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error)]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n owner: Var<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet = 1,\n NotAnOwner = 2\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To register errors, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"errors")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An error should be a field-less enum. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The enum must be annotated with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Avoid implicit discriminants.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_owner_error() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let owner = test_env.get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);\n\n test_env.set_caller(owner);\n let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {\n name: "OwnedContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);\n assert_eq!(\n owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),\n Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," has ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_{{entry_point_name}}")," functions that return an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult")),".\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractHostRef")," implements regular entrypoints: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),", and\nand safe its safe version: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we are calling ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name")," and expecting an error to be thrown.\nFor assertions, we are using a standard ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro. As the contract call returns an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError"),",\nwe need to convert our custom error to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Into::into()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d691a609.591d9f0c.js b/docs/assets/js/d691a609.591d9f0c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9edcd92b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d691a609.591d9f0c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[33468],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var 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e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,f=u["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=u;var l={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(l[i]=t[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<s;c++)o[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},89562:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},o="Cross calls",l={unversionedId:"basics/cross-calls",id:"version-0.3.0/basics/cross-calls",title:"Cross calls",description:"Contracts calling contracts",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/basics/10-cross-calls.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cross-calls",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Contracts calling contracts"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/modules"}},i={},c=[{value:"Contract Ref",id:"contract-ref",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cross-calls"},"Cross calls"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CrossContract {\n pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CrossContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {\n self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);\n }\n\n pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {\n let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();\n MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MathEngine {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MathEngine {\n pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {\n n1 + n2\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract can add two numbers. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," takes an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," in its init function and saves it in\nstorage for later use. If we deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," first and take note of its address, we can then deploy\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CrossContract")," and use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," to perform complicated calculations for us!"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To call the external contract, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," that was created for us by Odra:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-ref"},"Contract Ref"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We mentioned ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," already in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing"},"Testing")," article.\nIt is a reference to already deployed - running contract.\nHere we are going to take a deeper look at it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ref")," is generated automatically, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro.\nTo get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Deployer"),") or by building it\ndirectly, using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"::at(address: Address)")," method, as shown above.\nThe reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),"\nimpl), alongside couple methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"at(Address) -> Self")," - points the reference to an Address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"address() -> Address")," - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"with_tokens(Amount) -> Self")," - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call")),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"external-contracts"},"External Contracts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For that purpose, we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra:external_contract]")," macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's pretend the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function that adds two numbers somewhere."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Adder {\n fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Analogously to modules, Odra creates the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderRef")," struct (but do not create the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdderDeployer"),"). Having an address we can call:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};\n\n#[test]\nfn test_cross_calls() {\n let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());\n\n assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MathEngine")," contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"add()")," function we want to use."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use odra::types::Address;\n use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};\n \n #[test]\n fn test_ext() {\n let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());\n\n assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);\n }\n\n fn get_adder_address() -> Address {\n let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();\n contract.address()\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d7637d81.b88db64f.js b/docs/assets/js/d7637d81.b88db64f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..863e38e6e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d7637d81.b88db64f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[14062],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>c});var r=t(67294);function a(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function s(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){a(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function l(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)t=o[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)t=o[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(i),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):s(s({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},m=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=d(t),c=a,f=m["".concat(i,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||u[c]||o;return t?r.createElement(f,s(s({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,s({ref:n},p))}));function c(e,n){var t=arguments,a=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=t.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=m;var l={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(l[i]=n[i]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)s[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},40808:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},s="Using odra-modules",l={unversionedId:"examples/using-odra-modules",id:"version-0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules",title:"Using odra-modules",description:"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/using-odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/examples/odra-examples"},next:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/category/tutorials"}},i={},d=[],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"using-odra-modules"},"Using odra-modules"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-module")," - a set of plug-and-play modules."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation guide")," your Cargo.toml should look like:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper"]\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),", edit your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dependency")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"features")," sections."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml",metastring:"title=Cargo.toml",title:"Cargo.toml"},'[dependencies]\nodra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }\nodra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }\n\n[features]\ndefault = ["mock-vm"]\nmock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]\ncasper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]\n')),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules")," defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," feature in your project, add ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules/casper"),"specifically (it applies to each backend).")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's write an example of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyToken")," based on ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," module."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::types::{Address, U256};\nuse odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {\n let name = String::from("MyToken");\n let symbol = String::from("MT");\n let decimals = 9u8;\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.")))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d7dfd89f.40965436.js b/docs/assets/js/d7dfd89f.40965436.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bbc549b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d7dfd89f.40965436.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[1655],{87197:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d8ed494b.5f78aa6c.js b/docs/assets/js/d8ed494b.5f78aa6c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32fa0c01a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d8ed494b.5f78aa6c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[17342],{3905:(t,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(t,e,n){return e in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function o(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(a=a.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function s(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=null!=arguments[e]?arguments[e]:{};e%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(e){r(t,e,n[e])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(e){Object.defineProperty(t,e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e))}))}return t}function i(t,e){if(null==t)return{};var n,a,r=function(t,e){if(null==t)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(t);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],e.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=t[n]);return r}(t,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],e.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(t,n)&&(r[n]=t[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),c=function(t){var e=a.useContext(l),n=e;return t&&(n="function"==typeof t?t(e):s(s({},e),t)),n},d=function(t){var e=c(t.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:e},t.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(t){var e=t.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},e)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(t,e){var n=t.components,r=t.mdxType,o=t.originalType,l=t.parentName,d=i(t,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(n),m=r,h=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(h,s(s({ref:e},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,s({ref:e},d))}));function m(t,e){var n=arguments,r=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof t||r){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,l)&&(i[l]=e[l]);i.originalType=t,i.mdxType="string"==typeof t?t:r,s[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)s[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,s)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},74844:(t,e,n)=>{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},s="Testing",i={unversionedId:"basics/testing",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/testing",title:"Testing",description:"How to write tests in Odra",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/07-testing.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/testing",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1711379330,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 25, 2024",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:7,description:"How to write tests in Odra"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Host Communication",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host"},next:{title:"Errors",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/errors"}},l={},c=[{value:"HostEnv",id:"hostenv",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(t){let{components:e,...n}=t;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write\nregular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the\nprevious article:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},'use odra::{List, Var};\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn init_test() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {\n name: "DogContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);\n assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};\nuse odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"super")," to import the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," from the parent module.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," are types that was generated for us by Odra."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3HostRef")," is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints)\nand implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/trait.HostRef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostRef"))," trait. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DogContract3InitArgs")," is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait.\nConsidering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs"),".\nAll of those structs implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::InitArgs")," trait, required to conform to the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Deployer::deploy")," method signature. ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other import is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::host::Deployer"),". This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract?\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer"))," trait, which provides the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"deploy")," method:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"From now on, we can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"dog_contract")," to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from the impl section that was annotated with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::module")," attribute are available to us:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/list.rs"'},"// Impl\npub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {\n self.walks.push(length);\n}\n\n...\n\n// Test\ndog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"hostenv"},"HostEnv"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context)\nand to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous\narticle about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/testing.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/testing.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn env() {\n let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator = testing_contract.created_by();\n test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));\n let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {\n name: "MyContract2".to_string()\n };\n let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();\n assert_ne!(creator, creator2);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," instance using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_test::env()"),".\nNext, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::set_caller"),"\nto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::ContractEnv::caller()"),"\nthe function we are calling inside the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_caller(&self, address: Address)")," - you've seen it in action just now"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512")," - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64)")," - increases the current value of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"block_time")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address")," - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance;\nby default, you start with the 0-th account"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool")," - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Full list of functions can be found in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We take a look at how Odra handles errors!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Some type aliases are no longer in use.")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::U512"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"u64"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"EventData")," - use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"233-consider-import-odraprelude-in-your-module-files"},"2.3.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Consider import ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::prelude::*")," in your module files.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"234-flatten-nested-mappings"},"2.3.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Flatten nested ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"Mapping"),"s.")),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// Before\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>\n}\n// After\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n ...\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"235-update-errors-definitions"},"2.3.5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update errors definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"execution_error!")," macro has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," derive macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::execution_error;\n\nexecution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"236-update-events-definitions"},"2.3.6. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update events definitions.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nself.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n});\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::Event;\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n\n// Emitting the event\nuse odra::types::event::OdraEvent;\n\nTransfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n}.emit();\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"237-replace-contract_env-with-selfenv-in-your-modules"},"2.3.7. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"contract_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"self.env()")," in your modules.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()")," is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv"),". The API is similar to the previous ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env")," but with some changes."),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_dict_value()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_dict_value()")," has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Mapping")," type, internally using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_var()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_var()")," functions. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8>")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> !")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"native_token_metadata()")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"one_token()")," have been removed.")),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"238-wrap-submodules-of-your-module-with-odrasubmodulet"},"2.3.8. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Wrap submodules of your module with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"odra::SubModule<T>"),".")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,\n metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,\n ownable: SubModule<Ownable>\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]\npub struct Erc721Token {\n core: Erc721Base,\n metadata: Erc721MetadataExtension,\n ownable: Ownable\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"239-update-external-contract-calls"},"2.3.9. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update external contract calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref"),") and you can call it using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address)")," (former ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}Ref::at()"),")."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::external_contract]\npub trait Token {\n fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;\n}\n\n// Usage\nTokenRef::at(token).balance_of(account)\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2310-update-constructors"},"2.3.10. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update constructors.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Remove the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::init]")," attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2311-update-unwraporrevert-calls"},"2.3.11. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"UnwrapOrRevert")," calls.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," now require ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"&HostEnv")," as the first parameter."),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"2312-remove-odrausing-attribute-from-your-module-definition"},"2.3.12. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Remove ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"#[odra(using)]")," attribute from your module definition.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"24-update-tests"},"2.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h3"},"Update Tests")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:"),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"241-contract-deployment"},"2.4.1. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Contract deployment.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The way you deploy a contract has changed:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args)")," instead of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}Deployer::init()"),". The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," implements ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Instantiate the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),", required by the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::NoArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}InitArgs")," as the second argument of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"deploy")," function.")),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableHostRef;\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)\n\n// A contract with init args\nuse super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};\nuse odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};\n\nlet env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n};\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"// A contract without init args\nuse super::OwnableDeployer;\n\nlet ownable = OwnableDeployer::init();\n\n// A contract with init args\nlet erc20 = Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"242-host-interactions"},"2.4.2. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Host interactions.")),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Replace ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The API of ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::test_env")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()")," are similar, but there are some differences:",(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.advance_block_time(u64)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::token_balance(Address)")," is now ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env.balance_of(&Address)"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"functions ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used()"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::total_gas_used(Address)"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"test_env::gas_report()")," have been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef::last_call()")," and extract the data from a ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::ContractCallResult")," instance. ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostRef")," is a trait implemented by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef"),".")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"243-testing-failing-scenarios"},"2.4.3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing failing scenarios.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::assert_exception()")," has been removed. You should use the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix to call the function and then assert the result.\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_")," prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult"))," type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) =\n (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n env.set_caller(spender);\n\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),\n Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())\n );\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[test]\nfn transfer_from_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n let (owner, spender, recipient) = (\n test_env::get_account(0),\n test_env::get_account(1),\n test_env::get_account(2)\n );\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n test_env::set_caller(spender);\n\n erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount)\n });\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h4",{id:"244-testing-events"},"2.4.4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Testing events.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," macro has been removed. You should use ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv::emitted_event()")," to assert the emitted events.\nThe new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/host/struct.HostEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"HostEnv"))," documentation to explore the available options."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\nlet erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n...\n\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n }\n));\nassert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n));\n"))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"let erc20 = Erc20HostDeployer::init(&env, ...);\n\n...\n\nassert_events!(\n erc20,\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender,\n value: approved_amount - transfer_amount\n },\n Transfer {\n from: Some(owner),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount: transfer_amount\n }\n);\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0."),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs\n };\n use odra::{\n casper_types::U256,\n host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},\n prelude::*\n };\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n (\n env.clone(),\n Erc20HostRef::deploy(\n &env,\n Erc20InitArgs {\n symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),\n name: NAME.to_string(),\n decimals: DECIMALS,\n initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n }\n )\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let (env, erc20) = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(env.get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = env.get_account(0);\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert!(env.emitted_event(\n erc20.address(),\n &Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n ));\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let (env, mut erc20) = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = env.get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n'))),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::string::String;\nuse odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{event::OdraEvent, Address, U256},\n Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert, Variable\n};\n\nuse self::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer}\n};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Variable<u8>,\n symbol: Variable<String>,\n name: Variable<String>,\n total_supply: Variable<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: &Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = *initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n }\n .emit();\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = contract_env::caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = contract_env::caller();\n\n self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);\n if allowance < *amount {\n contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances\n .get_instance(owner)\n .subtract(spender, *amount);\n Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n }\n .emit();\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::types::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n use odra::Event;\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::execution_error;\n\n execution_error! {\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance => 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance => 30_001,\n NameNotSet => 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet => 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet => 30_004,\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{\n errors::Error,\n events::{Approval, Transfer},\n Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref\n };\n use odra::prelude::string::ToString;\n use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::casper_types::U256};\n\n const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";\n const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";\n const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;\n const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;\n\n fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {\n Erc20Deployer::init(\n SYMBOL.to_string(),\n NAME.to_string(),\n DECIMALS,\n &Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())\n )\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization() {\n // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.\n let erc20 = setup();\n\n // Then the contract has the metadata set.\n assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());\n assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);\n\n // Then the total supply is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());\n\n // Then a Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),\n amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_works() {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When transfer tokens to a recipient.\n let sender = test_env::get_account(0);\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = 1_000.into();\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);\n\n // Then the sender balance is deducted.\n assert_eq!(\n erc20.balance_of(&sender),\n U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount\n );\n\n // Then the recipient balance is updated.\n assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);\n\n // Then Transfer event was emitted.\n assert_events!(\n erc20,\n Transfer {\n from: Some(sender),\n to: Some(recipient),\n amount\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn transfer_error() {\n test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {\n // Given a new contract.\n let mut erc20 = setup();\n\n // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.\n let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);\n let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();\n\n // Then an error occurs.\n erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)\n });\n }\n\n // Other tests...\n}\n')))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.8.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.8.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/d985b3f7.e852e117.js b/docs/assets/js/d985b3f7.e852e117.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4f4ab1a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/d985b3f7.e852e117.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[9558],{15745:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"name":"docusaurus-plugin-content-pages","id":"default"}')}}]); 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It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This will create a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.6.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines\nprovided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files,\nspin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat.\nKeep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Where ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper")," is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process\nfinishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"updating-dependencies"},"Updating dependencies"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and\none or more builders. To run ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo update")," on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders\nyou can use this command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra update\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/da9e3acc.05c302a3.js b/docs/assets/js/da9e3acc.05c302a3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5438f5b86 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/da9e3acc.05c302a3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[90827],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},i=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<i.length;r++)n=i[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),m=a,h=d["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||d[m]||u[m]||i;return n?r.createElement(h,o(o({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(h,o({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=d;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,o[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<i;p++)o[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,o)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},47820:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},o="Flipper Internals",l={unversionedId:"basics/flipper-internals",id:"version-0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals",title:"Flipper Internals",description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.2.0/basics/04-flipper-internals.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/flipper-internals",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.2.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4,description:"Detailed explanation of the Flipper contract"},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml"},next:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction"}},s={},p=[{value:"Header",id:"header",level:2},{value:"Struct",id:"struct",level:2},{value:"Impl",id:"impl",level:2},{value:"Tests",id:"tests",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper"},"Flipper example"),", where we will explain in more detail all\nthe Odra-specific sections of the code."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"header"},"Header"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(init)]")," macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Variable<T>"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperDeployer")," - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros.\nThe contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/db36feee.bcd96a50.js b/docs/assets/js/db36feee.bcd96a50.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02b6b7737 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/db36feee.bcd96a50.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[28663],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?i(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):i(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(t),u=r,h=p["".concat(c,".").concat(u)]||p[u]||m[u]||i;return t?a.createElement(h,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(h,o({ref:n},d))}));function u(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<i;l++)o[l]=t[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},7838:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},o="Casper Contract Schema",s={unversionedId:"basics/casper-contract-schema",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema",title:"Casper Contract Schema",description:"Casper Contract Schema",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/13-casper-contract-schema.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/casper-contract-schema",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/events"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls"}},c={},l=[{value:"Odra and CCS",id:"odra-and-ccs",level:2},{value:"Generating the Schema",id:"generating-the-schema",level:2},{value:"Schema Output",id:"schema-output",level:2},{value:"Schema Fields",id:"schema-fields",level:2}],d={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema")," (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-and-ccs"},"Odra and CCS"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"event"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_type"),". The schema will be generated for you and available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/contract.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/contract.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(\n // the name of the contract, default is the module name\n name = "MyContract",\n // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate\n version = "0.1.0", \n // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used\n events = [ \n Created,\n Updated\n ],\n // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used\n errors = MyErrors \n)]\npub struct MyContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n owner: Var<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MyContract {\n /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.owner.set(owner.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Created { name });\n }\n\n /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event\n pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });\n }\n\n /// Returns the data of the contract\n pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {\n Data {\n name: self.name.get_or_default(),\n owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),\n }\n }\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Data {\n name: String,\n owner: Address,\n}\n\n// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum MyErrors {\n /// The owner is invalid\n InvalidOwner,\n /// The name is invalid\n InvalidName,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Updated {\n name: String,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Created {\n name: String,\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-the-schema"},"Generating the Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To generate the schema run the following ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo-odra")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-output"},"Schema Output"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The generated schema will be available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-json",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="resources/my_contract_schema.json"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"resources/my_contract_schema.json"'},'{\n "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,\n "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",\n "authors": [],\n "repository": null,\n "homepage": null,\n "contract_name": "MyContract",\n "contract_version": "0.1.0",\n "types": [\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Created",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Data",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Updated",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n "errors": [\n {\n "name": "InvalidName",\n "description": "The name is invalid",\n "discriminant": 1\n },\n {\n "name": "InvalidOwner",\n "description": "The owner is invalid",\n "discriminant": 0\n }\n ],\n "entry_points": [\n {\n "name": "update",\n "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",\n "is_mutable": true,\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n }\n ],\n "return_ty": "Unit",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n },\n {\n "name": "get_data",\n "description": "Returns the data of the contract",\n "is_mutable": false,\n "arguments": [],\n "return_ty": "Data",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n }\n ],\n "events": [\n {\n "name": "Created",\n "ty": "Created"\n },\n {\n "name": "Updated",\n "ty": "Updated"\n }\n ],\n "call": {\n "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",\n "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",\n "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",\n "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",\n "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key",\n "optional": false\n }\n ]\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-fields"},"Schema Fields"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"casper_contract_schema_version")," is the version of the schema.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"toolchain")," is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Fields ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"authors"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"repository"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"homepage")," are optional and can be set in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_name")," is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_version")," denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file, but can be overridden by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"module")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types")," comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), and a list of members."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"errors")," is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_points")," is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types"),") of the event."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," section provides details regarding the contract's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.")))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/db82a1c0.01b7c8ed.js b/docs/assets/js/db82a1c0.01b7c8ed.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8f9fa60e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/db82a1c0.01b7c8ed.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[494],{32259:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"pluginId":"default","version":"0.4.0","label":"0.4.0","banner":"unmaintained","badge":true,"noIndex":false,"className":"docs-version-0.4.0","isLast":false,"docsSidebars":{"tutorialSidebar":[{"type":"link","label":"Odra framework","href":"/docs/0.4.0/","docId":"intro"},{"type":"category","label":"Getting started","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Installation","href":"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation","docId":"getting-started/installation"},{"type":"link","label":"Flipper example","href":"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper","docId":"getting-started/flipper"}],"href":"/docs/0.4.0/category/getting-started"},{"type":"category","label":"Basics","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Cargo Odra","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/cargo-odra","docId":"basics/cargo-odra"},{"type":"link","label":"Directory structure","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/directory-structure","docId":"basics/directory-structure"},{"type":"link","label":"Odra.toml","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml","docId":"basics/odra-toml"},{"type":"link","label":"Flipper Internals","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals","docId":"basics/flipper-internals"},{"type":"link","label":"Storage interaction","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction","docId":"basics/storage-interaction"},{"type":"link","label":"Host Communication","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host","docId":"basics/communicating-with-host"},{"type":"link","label":"Testing","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing","docId":"basics/testing"},{"type":"link","label":"Errors","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/errors","docId":"basics/errors"},{"type":"link","label":"Events","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/events","docId":"basics/events"},{"type":"link","label":"Cross calls","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls","docId":"basics/cross-calls"},{"type":"link","label":"Modules","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules","docId":"basics/modules"},{"type":"link","label":"Native token","href":"/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token","docId":"basics/native-token"}],"href":"/docs/0.4.0/category/basics"},{"type":"category","label":"Advanced","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Module Composer","href":"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/composer","docId":"advanced/composer"},{"type":"link","label":"Delegate","href":"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/delegate","docId":"advanced/delegate"},{"type":"link","label":"Advanced Storage Concepts","href":"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/advanced-storage","docId":"advanced/advanced-storage"},{"type":"link","label":"Attributes","href":"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/attributes","docId":"advanced/attributes"}],"href":"/docs/0.4.0/category/advanced"},{"type":"category","label":"Backends","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"What is a backend?","href":"/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend","docId":"backends/what-is-a-backend"},{"type":"link","label":"MockVM","href":"/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm","docId":"backends/mock-vm"},{"type":"link","label":"Casper","href":"/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper","docId":"backends/casper"}],"href":"/docs/0.4.0/category/backends"},{"type":"category","label":"Examples","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"odra-examples","href":"/docs/0.4.0/examples/odra-examples","docId":"examples/odra-examples"},{"type":"link","label":"Using odra-modules","href":"/docs/0.4.0/examples/using-odra-modules","docId":"examples/using-odra-modules"}],"href":"/docs/0.4.0/category/examples"},{"type":"category","label":"Tutorials","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Ownable","href":"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/ownable","docId":"tutorials/ownable"},{"type":"link","label":"ERC-20","href":"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/erc20","docId":"tutorials/erc20"},{"type":"link","label":"OwnedToken","href":"/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/owned-token","docId":"tutorials/owned-token"}],"href":"/docs/0.4.0/category/tutorials"}]},"docs":{"advanced/advanced-storage":{"id":"advanced/advanced-storage","title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","description":"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. 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This",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/advanced/04-storage-layout.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/storage-layout",permalink:"/docs/advanced/storage-layout",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/advanced/attributes"},next:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator"}},l={},d=[{value:"Casper VM Perspective",id:"casper-vm-perspective",level:2},{value:"Odra Perspective",id:"odra-perspective",level:2},{value:"Key generation.",id:"key-generation",level:2},{value:"Value serialization",id:"value-serialization",level:2}],p={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. 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This\ndictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum\nlength of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look\nlike:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait CasperStorage {\n fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;\n fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-perspective"},"Odra Perspective"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally,\nwe aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. 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Odra guarantees that\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lenders")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers")," are stored under distinct keys within the storage\ndictionary."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Token")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Loans")," serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout\noperates."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"key-generation"},"Key generation."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Every element of a module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"struct"),") with N elements is associated with an index\nranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an\nelement of a module is another module (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<...>"),"), the associated index\nserves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an\nexample. 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They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as\ndemonstrated in the example."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For instance, triggering ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd)")," would result in a\nkey:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"0x0001_0001_1234_abcd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then\nencoded in hexadecimal format."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"value-serialization"},"Value serialization"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CLType")," serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Bytes")," types."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/dc0bb66d.c2e7fe01.js b/docs/assets/js/dc0bb66d.c2e7fe01.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a92dcdee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/dc0bb66d.c2e7fe01.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[67766],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):a(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),u=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=u(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},c=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=u(t),m=o,f=c["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},d))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=c;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<a;u++)l[u]=t[u];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},56052:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20"},next:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control"}},s={},u=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],d={toc:u};function p(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow only the module owner to mint tokens."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::module::SubModule;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,\n erc20: SubModule<Erc20>\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = self.env().caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L9-L10")," - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L13-L15")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49-L51")," - The same is done with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L57-L60")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is indeed the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/dcb2dd04.934d3f90.js b/docs/assets/js/dcb2dd04.934d3f90.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c12cc4f55 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/dcb2dd04.934d3f90.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[16504],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function i(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function o(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?i(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):i(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)t=i[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):o(o({},n),e)),t},d=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(t),u=r,h=p["".concat(c,".").concat(u)]||p[u]||m[u]||i;return t?a.createElement(h,o(o({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(h,o({ref:n},d))}));function u(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=t.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<i;l++)o[l]=t[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},65154:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const i={sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},o="Casper Contract Schema",s={unversionedId:"basics/casper-contract-schema",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema",title:"Casper Contract Schema",description:"Casper Contract Schema",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/13-casper-contract-schema.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/casper-contract-schema",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:10,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:10,description:"Casper Contract Schema"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/events"},next:{title:"Cross calls",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/cross-calls"}},c={},l=[{value:"Odra and CCS",id:"odra-and-ccs",level:2},{value:"Generating the Schema",id:"generating-the-schema",level:2},{value:"Schema Output",id:"schema-output",level:2},{value:"Schema Fields",id:"schema-fields",level:2}],d={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/casper-contract-schema"},"Casper Contract Schema")," (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"odra-and-ccs"},"Odra and CCS"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"event"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra_type"),". The schema will be generated for you and available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/contract.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/contract.rs"'},'use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(\n // the name of the contract, default is the module name\n name = "MyContract",\n // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate\n version = "0.1.0", \n // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used\n events = [ \n Created,\n Updated\n ],\n // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used\n errors = MyErrors \n)]\npub struct MyContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n owner: Var<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl MyContract {\n /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.owner.set(owner.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Created { name });\n }\n\n /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event\n pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name.clone());\n self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });\n }\n\n /// Returns the data of the contract\n pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {\n Data {\n name: self.name.get_or_default(),\n owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),\n }\n }\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Data {\n name: String,\n owner: Address,\n}\n\n// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum MyErrors {\n /// The owner is invalid\n InvalidOwner,\n /// The name is invalid\n InvalidName,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Updated {\n name: String,\n}\n\n// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Created {\n name: String,\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-the-schema"},"Generating the Schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To generate the schema run the following ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo-odra")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-output"},"Schema Output"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The generated schema will be available in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-json",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="resources/my_contract_schema.json"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"resources/my_contract_schema.json"'},'{\n "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,\n "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",\n "authors": [],\n "repository": null,\n "homepage": null,\n "contract_name": "MyContract",\n "contract_version": "0.1.0",\n "types": [\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Created",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Data",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key"\n }\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n "struct": {\n "name": "Updated",\n "description": null,\n "members": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String"\n }\n ]\n }\n }\n ],\n "errors": [\n {\n "name": "InvalidName",\n "description": "The name is invalid",\n "discriminant": 1\n },\n {\n "name": "InvalidOwner",\n "description": "The owner is invalid",\n "discriminant": 0\n }\n ],\n "entry_points": [\n {\n "name": "update",\n "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",\n "is_mutable": true,\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n }\n ],\n "return_ty": "Unit",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n },\n {\n "name": "get_data",\n "description": "Returns the data of the contract",\n "is_mutable": false,\n "arguments": [],\n "return_ty": "Data",\n "is_contract_context": true,\n "access": "public"\n }\n ],\n "events": [\n {\n "name": "Created",\n "ty": "Created"\n },\n {\n "name": "Updated",\n "ty": "Updated"\n }\n ],\n "call": {\n "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",\n "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",\n "arguments": [\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",\n "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",\n "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",\n "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",\n "ty": "Bool",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "name",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "String",\n "optional": false\n },\n {\n "name": "owner",\n "description": null,\n "ty": "Key",\n "optional": false\n }\n ]\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"schema-fields"},"Schema Fields"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"casper_contract_schema_version")," is the version of the schema.\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"toolchain")," is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Fields ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"authors"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"repository"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"homepage")," are optional and can be set in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_name")," is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_version")," denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")," file, but can be overridden by the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"module")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types")," comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), and a list of members."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"errors")," is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_points")," is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"null"),"), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"types"),") of the event."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," section provides details regarding the contract's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"call")," function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.")))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/dd174fa2.4ef27673.js b/docs/assets/js/dd174fa2.4ef27673.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fc5a3243 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/dd174fa2.4ef27673.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[58727],{86995:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ddaed26d.aa3a910a.js b/docs/assets/js/ddaed26d.aa3a910a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8a8d8548 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ddaed26d.aa3a910a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[67759],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=a[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},13092:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",s={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.1/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.1",lastUpdatedAt:1711464534,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Mar 26, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure"}},l={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Generating contract schema",id:"generating-contract-schema",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The third available template is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"workspace"),", which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created\nwith the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.1 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It runs your tests against Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MockVM"),". It is substantially faster than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM"),"\nand implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files,\nspin up ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM")," instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder.\nNotice, that this command does not require the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," option."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to build specific contract, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-contract-schema"},"Generating contract schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"schema")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder.\nIf the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Like with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build")," command, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option to generate a schema for a specific contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard"),", thankfully you can derive them using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance,\nyou call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env().self_balance()"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network"},"Deploying a contract to Casper network"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain.\nYou can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool\nor using the Odra's Livenet integration."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's explore the first option to better understand the process."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it.\nEvery contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When working with the test env via ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," or when using\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/livenet"},"Livenet integration")," this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," directly, you have to pass them manually:"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/odra-casper/test-vm/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../tutorials/using-proxy-caller"},"Tutorial section"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/defc5a9a.fd6c2d8c.js b/docs/assets/js/defc5a9a.fd6c2d8c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb9f3c5c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/defc5a9a.fd6c2d8c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[85804],{57771:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Delegate","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/advanced/delegate"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/df1503d8.f2996f7b.js b/docs/assets/js/df1503d8.f2996f7b.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05a5c1d72 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/df1503d8.f2996f7b.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[98445],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var u=a.createContext({}),i=function(e){var t=a.useContext(u),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=i(e.components);return a.createElement(u.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},c=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,u=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),c=i(n),m=r,f=c["".concat(u,".").concat(m)]||c[m]||p[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(f,o(o({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(f,o({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,o=new Array(s);o[0]=c;var l={};for(var u in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,u)&&(l[u]=t[u]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var i=2;i<s;i++)o[i]=n[i];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},14797:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>i});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const s={sidebar_position:5},o="Pausable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/pauseable",id:"tutorials/pauseable",title:"Pausable",description:"The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/pauseable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/pauseable",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:5,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:5},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Access Control",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control"},next:{title:"Ticketing System",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/nft"}},u={},i=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Events and Error",id:"events-and-error",level:3},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Checks and guards",id:"checks-and-guards",level:3},{value:"Actions",id:"actions",level:3},{value:"Pausable counter",id:"pausable-counter",level:2}],d={toc:i};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"pausable"},"Pausable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check the state - is it paused or not."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Switch the state.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-error"},"Events and Error"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There just two errors that may occur: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausedRequired"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"UnpausedRequired"),". We define them in a standard Odra way."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Events definition is highly uncomplicated: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused")," events holds only the address of the pauser."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::Address;\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n PausedRequired = 1_000,\n UnpausedRequired = 1_001,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Paused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Unpaused {\n pub account: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n...\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]\npub struct Pausable {\n is_paused: Var<bool>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"checks-and-guards"},"Checks and guards"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's move to state checks and guards."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {\n self.is_paused.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {\n if self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn require_paused(&self) {\n if !self.is_paused() {\n self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," block is not annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::module")," and hence does not expose any entrypoint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L2")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused()")," checks the contract state, if the Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"is_paused")," has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_not_paused()")," function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L12")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"require_paused()")," is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"actions"},"Actions"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"impl Pausable {\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.require_not_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(true);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Paused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.require_paused();\n self.is_paused.set(false);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {\n account: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()")," functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pause()"),", not paused for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unpause()"),"), updates the state, and finally emits events (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Paused"),"/",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Unpaused"),")."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pausable-counter"},"Pausable counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PausableCounter"),". The contract consists of a Var ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," and a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Pausable")," module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused)."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=pauseable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"pauseable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"...\nuse odra::SubModule;\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PausableCounter {\n value: Var<u32>,\n pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PausableCounter {\n pub fn increment(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.require_not_paused();\n\n let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;\n self.value.set(new_value);\n }\n\n pub fn pause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.pause();\n }\n\n pub fn unpause(&mut self) {\n self.pauseable.unpause();\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n contract.increment();\n contract.pause();\n\n assert_eq!(\n contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),\n Error::UnpausedRequired.into()\n );\n assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!"))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/dfe71587.ab442927.js b/docs/assets/js/dfe71587.ab442927.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..452e237e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/dfe71587.ab442927.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[34267],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=a[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},47821:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",s={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/directory-structure"}},l={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Generating contract schema",id:"generating-contract-schema",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The third available template is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"workspace"),", which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created\nwith the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.0 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It runs your tests against Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MockVM"),". It is substantially faster than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM"),"\nand implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files,\nspin up ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM")," instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder.\nNotice, that this command does not require the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," option."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to build specific contract, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-contract-schema"},"Generating contract schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"schema")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder.\nIf the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Like with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build")," command, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option to generate a schema for a specific contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e018be55.507669d8.js b/docs/assets/js/e018be55.507669d8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be352c440 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e018be55.507669d8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[99314],{36590:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/next/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e07dea01.712046fc.js b/docs/assets/js/e07dea01.712046fc.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f89aef843 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e07dea01.712046fc.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[15924],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var o=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function s(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(o=o.filter((function(n){return 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o.createElement(l.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},n)}},p=o.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=m(t),u=r,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(u)]||p[u]||c[u]||s;return t?o.createElement(h,a(a({ref:n},d),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(h,a({ref:n},d))}));function u(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=t.length,a=new Array(s);a[0]=p;var i={};for(var l in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,l)&&(i[l]=n[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,a[1]=i;for(var m=2;m<s;m++)a[m]=t[m];return o.createElement.apply(null,a)}return o.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},17137:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>m});var o=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const s={sidebar_position:9},a="CEP-18",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/cep18",id:"version-1.0.0/tutorials/cep18",title:"CEP-18",description:"Not so different from ERC-20, the CEP-18 standard describes a fungible",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/cep18.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/cep18",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/cep18",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:9},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Using Proxy Caller",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller"},next:{title:"Odra for Solidity developers",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity"}},l={},m=[{value:"Self-governing token",id:"self-governing-token",level:2},{value:"Token implementation",id:"token-implementation",level:2},{value:"Governance implementation",id:"governance-implementation",level:2},{value:"Voting mechanism",id:"voting-mechanism",level:3},{value:"Storage",id:"storage",level:4},{value:"Proposing a new mint",id:"proposing-a-new-mint",level:4},{value:"Voting for the mint",id:"voting-for-the-mint",level:4},{value:"Tallying the votes",id:"tallying-the-votes",level:4},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:3},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2},{value:"Complete code",id:"complete-code",level:2}],d={toc:m};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},d,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cep-18"},"CEP-18"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Not so different from ERC-20, the CEP-18 standard describes a fungible\ntoken interface, but for the Casper network.\nThere are some differences, which will be shown in this tutorial.\nThe most visible one however, is the compatibility with the Casper Ecosystem."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we will implement a CEP-18 token with a simple self-governance mechanism.\nWe will also deploy our token on the Casper network, and interact with it."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This implementation of the governance in this tutorial is by no means\na complete one, and should not be used in production.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"self-governing-token"},"Self-governing token"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token,\neach more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple\none, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"token-implementation"},"Token implementation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using\ncep18 as our starting template:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's glance at our token code:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct MyToken {\n token: SubModule<Cep18>,\n}\n\nimpl MyToken {\n // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module.\n delegate! {\n to self.token {\n ...\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n ...\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, it indeed uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cep18")," module and delegates\nall the methods to it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more\nappropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OurToken"),", run the provided tests using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),",\nand continue with the implementation of the governance."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as\nthe struct name in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file!")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"governance-implementation"},"Governance implementation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism.\nIf we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible\nfor minting new tokens. By default, minting ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/cep18/tree/dev/cep18#modalities"},"Modality"),"\nis turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote\nto mint new tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"voting-mechanism"},"Voting mechanism"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our voting system will be straightforward:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed.")),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"storage"},"Storage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's\nadd some fields to our token struct:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"#[odra::module]\npub struct OurToken {\n /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard.\n token: SubModule<Cep18>,\n /// The proposed mint.\n proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,\n /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.\n votes: List<Ballot>,\n /// Whether a vote is open.\n is_vote_open: Var<bool>,\n /// The time when the vote ends.\n vote_end_time: Var<u64>,\n}\n\n/// A ballot cast by a voter.\n#[odra::odra_type]\nstruct Ballot {\n voter: Address,\n choice: bool,\n amount: U256,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Notice that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proposed_mint")," contains a tuple containing the address of\nthe proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if\nthe vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why\nwe need both ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"is_vote_open")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vote_end_time"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will also use the power of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../basics/storage-interaction#list"},"List"),"\ntype to store the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ballots"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"proposing-a-new-mint"},"Proposing a new mint"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint,\nwe need to add a new function to our token module:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"/// Proposes a new mint for the contract.\npub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.\n if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);\n }\n\n // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.\n if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);\n }\n\n // Set the proposed mint.\n self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));\n // Open a vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(true);\n // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.\n self.vote_end_time\n .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of\nthe minted tokens, and the amount."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"After some validation, we open the vote by setting the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"is_vote_open")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"true"),",\nand setting the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vote_end_time")," to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios,\nthe time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it.\nAlso, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy\nwhen we test it on Livenet."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"voting-for-the-mint"},"Voting for the mint"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"/// Votes on the proposed mint.\npub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.\n self.assert_vote_in_progress();\n\n let voter = self.env().caller();\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.\n self.token\n .transfer(&contract, &amount);\n\n // Add the vote to the list.\n self.votes.push(Ballot {\n voter,\n choice,\n amount,\n });\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking,\nwhere we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Speaking of tallying..."),(0,r.kt)("h4",{id:"tallying-the-votes"},"Tallying the votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority\nof voters agreed to do so:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},"/// Count the votes and perform the action\npub fn tally(&mut self) {\n // Only allow tallying the votes once.\n if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default()\n {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n }\n\n // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.\n let finish_time = self\n .vote_end_time\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);\n }\n\n // Count the votes\n let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();\n let mut no_votes = U256::zero();\n\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {\n if vote.choice {\n yes_votes += vote.amount;\n } else {\n no_votes += vote.amount;\n }\n\n // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.\n self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);\n }\n\n // Perform the action if the vote has passed.\n if yes_votes > no_votes {\n let (account, amount) = self\n .proposed_mint\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);\n }\n\n // Close the vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(false);\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Notice how we used ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"raw_transfer")," from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cep18")," module. We used it\nto set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of\nthe caller's."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Additonally, we used ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"raw_mint")," to mint the tokens, skipping the security\nchecks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't\nhave anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can\nrun both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},'#[test]\nfn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {\n name: "OurToken".to_string(),\n symbol: "OT".to_string(),\n decimals: 0,\n initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),\n };\n\n let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n // The deployer, as the only token holder,\n // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.\n // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));\n\n // The tokens should now be staked.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());\n\n // Wait for the vote to end.\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n // Finish the vote.\n token.tally();\n\n // The tokens should now be minted.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));\n assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());\n\n // The stake should be returned.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));\n\n // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));\n\n // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));\n token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));\n\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n token.tally();\n\n // The power of community governance!\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We can run the test using both methods:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\ncargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"How about deploying it on the Casper network?"),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will se our token in action, by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"deploying-on-casper"},"deploying it on the Casper network"),",\nand using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"complete-code"},"Complete code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here is the complete code of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OurToken")," module:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'showLineNumbers title="src/token.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0,title:'"src/token.rs"'},'use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var};\nuse odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18;\n\n/// A ballot cast by a voter.\n#[odra::odra_type]\nstruct Ballot {\n voter: Address,\n choice: bool,\n amount: U256,\n}\n\n/// Errors for the governed token.\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum GovernanceError {\n /// The vote is already in progress.\n VoteAlreadyOpen = 0,\n /// No vote is in progress.\n NoVoteInProgress = 1,\n /// Cannot tally votes yet.\n VoteNotYetEnded = 2,\n /// Vote ended\n VoteEnded = 3,\n /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint.\n OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4,\n}\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OurToken {\n /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard.\n token: SubModule<Cep18>,\n /// The proposed mint.\n proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,\n /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.\n votes: List<Ballot>,\n /// Whether a vote is open.\n is_vote_open: Var<bool>,\n /// The time when the vote ends.\n vote_end_time: Var<u64>,\n}\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OurToken {\n /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply.\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token!\n self.token\n .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None);\n }\n\n // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule.\n delegate! {\n to self.token {\n /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users.\n /// One user can only possess one access group badge.\n /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter\n /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an\n /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights.\n /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality.\n fn change_security(\n &mut self,\n admin_list: Vec<Address>,\n minter_list: Vec<Address>,\n none_list: Vec<Address>\n );\n\n /// Returns the name of the token.\n fn name(&self) -> String;\n\n /// Returns the symbol of the token.\n fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n\n /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses.\n fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n\n /// Returns the total supply of the token.\n fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n\n /// Returns the balance of the given address.\n fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256;\n\n /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend.\n fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256;\n\n /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller.\n fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.\n fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256);\n\n /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.\n fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256);\n\n /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient.\n fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender\'s allowance.\n fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address.\n fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);\n\n /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address.\n fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);\n }\n }\n\n /// Proposes a new mint for the contract.\n pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.\n if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);\n }\n\n // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.\n if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {\n self.env()\n .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);\n }\n\n // Set the proposed mint.\n self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));\n // Open a vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(true);\n // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.\n self.vote_end_time\n .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000);\n }\n\n /// Votes on the proposed mint.\n pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {\n // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.\n self.assert_vote_in_progress();\n\n let voter = self.env().caller();\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.\n self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount);\n\n // Add the vote to the list.\n self.votes.push(Ballot {\n voter,\n choice,\n amount,\n });\n }\n\n /// Count the votes and perform the action\n pub fn tally(&mut self) {\n // Only allow tallying the votes once.\n if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n }\n\n // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.\n let finish_time = self\n .vote_end_time\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);\n }\n\n // Count the votes\n let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();\n let mut no_votes = U256::zero();\n\n let contract = self.env().self_address();\n\n while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {\n if vote.choice {\n yes_votes += vote.amount;\n } else {\n no_votes += vote.amount;\n }\n\n // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.\n self.token\n .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);\n }\n\n // Perform the action if the vote has passed.\n if yes_votes > no_votes {\n let (account, amount) = self\n .proposed_mint\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);\n }\n\n // Close the vote.\n self.is_vote_open.set(false);\n }\n\n fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) {\n if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n }\n\n let finish_time = self\n .vote_end_time\n .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);\n\n if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time {\n self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded);\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::Deployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn it_works() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {\n name: "OurToken".to_string(),\n symbol: "OT".to_string(),\n decimals: 0,\n initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),\n };\n\n let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);\n\n // The deployer, as the only token holder,\n // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.\n // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));\n\n // The tokens should now be staked.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());\n\n // Wait for the vote to end.\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n // Finish the vote.\n token.tally();\n\n // The tokens should now be minted.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));\n assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());\n\n // The stake should be returned.\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));\n\n // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));\n token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));\n token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));\n\n // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.\n env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));\n token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));\n\n env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);\n\n token.tally();\n\n // The power of community governance!\n assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));\n }\n}\n')))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e2022d8c.86b488fd.js b/docs/assets/js/e2022d8c.86b488fd.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3f5203f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e2022d8c.86b488fd.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[52701],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var 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i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<i;d++)o[d]=n[d];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},86058:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/docs/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718616680,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/next/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining a constructor,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Var<Option<Address>>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4")," - Firstly, we need to create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]")," attribute to it. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," is a type that will be defined later."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(Some(owner));\n \n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an Odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-L20")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into<odra::OdraError>")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L6")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::revert()")," function with an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized")," argument. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L26")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - Finally, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::emit_event()")," passing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));\n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n });\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get_or_default() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n NotOwner = 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7,L31")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also, we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum by adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::caller()")," function. Then we update the state and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L21,L33")," - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," function returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<T>"),". If the type implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"owner")," is of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<Address>")," the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," would return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<Option<Address>>"),", we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get_or_default()")," instead.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};\n\n fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {\n let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {\n owner: env.get_account(0)\n };\n (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n env.emitted_event(\n &ownable,\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n \n env.set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n\n env.emitted_event(\n &ownable,\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n assert_eq!(\n ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), \n Err(Error::NotOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()"),", which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7-L11")," - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),". Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute implements a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableInitArgs")," that we pass as the second argument of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-17")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-25")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". To get the env, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env()")," on the contract, then call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::emitted_event"),". As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::try_change_ownership()")," instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::change_ownership()"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"try")," functions return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraResult")," (an alias for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Result<T, OdraError>"),") instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::NotOwner")," error. To compare the error, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::into()")," function, which converts the error into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," type.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e2724f12.86ac1af1.js b/docs/assets/js/e2724f12.86ac1af1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f18ce169 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e2724f12.86ac1af1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[9370],{50583:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e294fa30.15b9ed1a.js b/docs/assets/js/e294fa30.15b9ed1a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da7cf1697 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e294fa30.15b9ed1a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[94023],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?a(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):a(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)n=a[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},m=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=l(n),d=o,f=m["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||m[d]||u[d]||a;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=m;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<a;l++)i[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},95086:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const a={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:l};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::Variable;\nuse odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Variable<String>,\n created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,\n created_by: Variable<Address>,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are calling functions from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra::contract_env"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_block_time()")," will return\nthe current block time wrapped in Odra type ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"BlockTime"),". ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"caller()")," will return an Odra ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address")," of\na caller (this can be an external caller or another contract)."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e309b9ad.468e192c.js b/docs/assets/js/e309b9ad.468e192c.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78ccd384b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e309b9ad.468e192c.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[18355],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),f=a,m=d["".concat(i,".").concat(f)]||d[f]||u[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var s={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(s[i]=t[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=s;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)l[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},23399:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",s={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.9.1/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/getting-started/flipper.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/flipper",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Installation",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation"},next:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/basics"}},i={},p=[{value:"Let's flip",id:"lets-flip",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-example"},"Flipper example"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. 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Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var<bool>,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. 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",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h4"},"Update events definitions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[derive(Event)]")," attribute has been replace with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute."),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.9.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"old",label:"0.8.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Event};\n\n#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\npub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"3-code-examples"},"3. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Code Examples")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0."),(0,a.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"current",label:"0.9.0",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[odra::event]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n #[odra::odra_error]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n"))),(0,a.kt)(o.Z,{value:"old",label:"Prev",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/erc20.rs"',title:'"src/erc20.rs"'},"use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;\nuse crate::erc20::events::*;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]\npub struct Erc20 {\n decimals: Var<u8>,\n symbol: Var<String>,\n name: Var<String>,\n total_supply: Var<U256>,\n balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,\n allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Erc20 {\n pub fn init(\n &mut self,\n symbol: String,\n name: String,\n decimals: u8,\n initial_supply: Option<U256>\n ) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.symbol.set(symbol);\n self.name.set(name);\n self.decimals.set(decimals);\n\n if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {\n self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);\n self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);\n\n if !initial_supply.is_zero() {\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(caller),\n amount: initial_supply\n });\n }\n }\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let spender = self.env().caller();\n\n self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);\n self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let owner = self.env().caller();\n\n self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)\n }\n\n // Other getter functions...\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {\n self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n self.total_supply.add(*amount);\n self.balances.add(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: None,\n to: Some(*address),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);\n }\n self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);\n self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*address),\n to: None,\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\nimpl Erc20 {\n fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)\n }\n\n self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);\n self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Transfer {\n from: Some(*owner),\n to: Some(*recipient),\n amount: *amount\n });\n }\n\n fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {\n let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));\n if allowance < *amount {\n self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)\n }\n self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);\n\n self.env().emit_event(Approval {\n owner: *owner,\n spender: *spender,\n value: allowance - *amount\n });\n }\n}\n\npub mod events {\n use odra::prelude::*;\n use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Transfer {\n pub from: Option<Address>,\n pub to: Option<Address>,\n pub amount: U256\n }\n\n #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]\n pub struct Approval {\n pub owner: Address,\n pub spender: Address,\n pub value: U256\n }\n}\n\npub mod errors {\n use odra::OdraError;\n\n #[derive(OdraError)]\n pub enum Error {\n InsufficientBalance = 30_000,\n InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,\n NameNotSet = 30_002,\n SymbolNotSet = 30_003,\n DecimalsNotSet = 30_004\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n // nothing changed in the tests\n}\n")))),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"4-troubleshooting"},"4. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"Troubleshooting")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P9k"},"Discord")," or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/index.html"},"technical documentation")," for more detailed information. Additionally, our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.9.0/examples"},"examples")," repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"5-references"},"5. ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"h2"},"References")),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.9.0/CHANGELOG.md"},"Changelog")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.odra.dev"},"Odra Documentation")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/index.html"},"Docs.rs")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https:://github.com/odradev/odra/tree/release/0.9.0/examples"},"Examples"))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e31bed34.6e43a6e9.js b/docs/assets/js/e31bed34.6e43a6e9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ec19919a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e31bed34.6e43a6e9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11839],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=a.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=r,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)l[d]=t[d];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},38090:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},l="Delegate",i={unversionedId:"advanced/delegate",id:"version-0.3.1/advanced/delegate",title:"Delegate",description:"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.1/advanced/02-delegate.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/delegate",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.1",lastUpdatedAt:1687775506,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Module Composer",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/composer"},next:{title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",permalink:"/docs/0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage"}},s={},d=[{value:"Overview",id:"overview",level:2},{value:"Code Examples",id:"code-examples",level:2}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},c,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"delegate"},"Delegate"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"overview"},"Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code-examples"},"Code Examples"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Consider the following basic example for better understanding:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn name(&self) -> String;\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," contract includes two modules: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),". We delegate various functions from both modules using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"delegate!")," macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at another example."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{\n contract_env,\n types::{Address, U256}\n};\n\nuse crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct DeFiPlatform {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20,\n exchange: Exchange\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl DeFiPlatform {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);\n }\n\n delegate! {\n to self.erc20 {\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);\n pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;\n }\n\n to self.ownable {\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;\n }\n\n to self.exchange {\n pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);\n pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"DeFiPlatform")," contract, we include ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Exchange")," modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e47e02bd.840c6163.js b/docs/assets/js/e47e02bd.840c6163.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ae2e3d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e47e02bd.840c6163.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[4056],{66923:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e4b2a41e.24c95f48.js b/docs/assets/js/e4b2a41e.24c95f48.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..069774f1b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e4b2a41e.24c95f48.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[11422],{67251:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Examples","description":"Examples","slug":"/category/examples","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/category/examples","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Casper","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/backends/casper"},"next":{"title":"odra-examples","permalink":"/docs/0.3.0/examples/odra-examples"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e4e3cd82.86cd4465.js b/docs/assets/js/e4e3cd82.86cd4465.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2730bb87b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e4e3cd82.86cd4465.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[68334],{3905:(e,n,r)=>{r.d(n,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=r(67294);function o(e,n,r){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=r,e}function a(e,n){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(t=t.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,t)}return r}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var r=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(r),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,r[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(r)):a(Object(r)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var r,t,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var r,t,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)r=a[t],n.indexOf(r)>=0||(o[r]=e[r]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)r=a[t],n.indexOf(r)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(o[r]=e[r])}return o}var i=t.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=t.useContext(i),r=n;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),r},c=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return t.createElement(i.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},n)}},p=t.forwardRef((function(e,n){var r=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(r),m=o,f=p["".concat(i,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||u[m]||a;return r?t.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},c),{},{components:r})):t.createElement(f,l({ref:n},c))}));function m(e,n){var r=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=r.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var s={};for(var i in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,i)&&(s[i]=n[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=s;for(var d=2;d<a;d++)l[d]=r[d];return t.createElement.apply(null,l)}return t.createElement.apply(null,r)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},91578:(e,n,r)=>{r.r(n),r.d(n,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>d});var t=r(87462),o=(r(67294),r(3905));const a={sidebar_position:4},l="Access Control",s={unversionedId:"tutorials/access-control",id:"version-0.8.0/tutorials/access-control",title:"Access Control",description:"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/tutorials/access-control.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/access-control",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/access-control",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712050215,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"OwnedToken",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token"},next:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable"}},i={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Project Structure",id:"project-structure",level:3},{value:"Events and Errors",id:"events-and-errors",level:3},{value:"Module",id:"module",level:3}],c={toc:d};function u(e){let{components:n,...r}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,r,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"access-control"},"Access Control"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In a previous tutorial, we introduced the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Ownable"))," module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient, "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer."),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type is used across the module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be assigned to many ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," may have a corresponding admin role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only an admin can grant/revoke a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can be renounced."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," cannot be renounced on someone's behalf."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Each action triggers an event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Unauthorized access stops contract execution.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"project-structure"},"Project Structure"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-plaintext"},"access-control\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 access_control.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 events.rs\n\u2502 \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 errors.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 build.rs\n|\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"events-and-errors"},"Events and Errors"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Role"),": granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=events.rs showLineNumbers",title:"events.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Event};\nuse super::access_control::Role;\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleGranted {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleRevoked {\n pub role: Role,\n pub address: Address,\n pub sender: Address\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct RoleAdminChanged {\n pub role: Role,\n pub previous_admin_role: Role,\n pub new_admin_role: Role\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L5-L17")," - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"es indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-L24")," - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),", the previous and the current admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=errors.rs",title:"errors.rs"},"use odra::OdraError;\n\n#[derive(OdraError)]\npub enum Error {\n MissingRole = 20_000,\n RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: "),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module"},"Module"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=access_control.rs showLineNumbers",title:"access_control.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use super::events::*;\nuse super::errors::Error;\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{module::Module, Address, Mapping};\n\npub type Role = [u8; 32];\n\npub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];\n\n#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]\npub struct AccessControl {\n roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,\n role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {\n self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))\n }\n\n pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {\n let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);\n if let Some(admin) = admin_role {\n admin\n } else {\n DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE\n }\n }\n\n pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n\n pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if address != &self.env().caller() {\n self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);\n }\n self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);\n }\n}\n\nimpl AccessControl {\n pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);\n }\n }\n\n pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {\n let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);\n self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {\n role: *role,\n previous_admin_role,\n new_admin_role: *admin_role\n });\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if !self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n\n pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {\n if self.has_role(role, address) {\n self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);\n self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {\n role: *role,\n address: *address,\n sender: self.env().caller()\n });\n }\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Firstly, we need the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - The default role is an array filled with zeros."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L13")," - The storage consists of two mappings:")),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"roles")," - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"role_admin")," - each ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," can have a single admin ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role"),".")),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L18-L20")," - This is a simple check to determine if a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," has been granted to a given ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L49")," - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L54")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," function serves as a guard function. Before a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Role")," is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::MissingRole"),"."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L56-L64")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_admin_role()")," function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleAdminChanged")," event."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L66-L86")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_revoke_role()")," functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleGranted")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RoleRevoked")," events. If the role is already granted, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_grant_role()")," has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role)."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L29")," - The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_role_admin()")," entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31-L46")," - This is a combination of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"check_role()")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"unchecked_*_role()"),". 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Odra encourages rapid development and clean,\npragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract\ndevelopment, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. 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We are using two features:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/mock-vm")," - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra/casper")," - backend implementation of Casper blockchain\nMore backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"builder_-folders"},".builder_* folders"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. 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file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "1.0.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "1.0.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "1.0.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-test")," is also\nadded as a dev dependency."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"bin"},"bin/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live.\nYou don't need to modify those files, they are generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command and\nare used by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra schema")," commands."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e74fcb0e.4b825331.js b/docs/assets/js/e74fcb0e.4b825331.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1194fc390 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e74fcb0e.4b825331.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[38705],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var n=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(r){a(e,r,n[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,a=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<o.length;t++)n=o[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<o.length;t++)n=o[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},u=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},c),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)s[p]=n[p];return t.createElement.apply(null,s)}return t.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},67467:(e,r,n)=>{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-1.0.0/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/basics/events"}},l={},p=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error)]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n owner: Var<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet = 1,\n NotAnOwner = 2\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To register errors, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"errors")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An error should be a field-less enum. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The enum must be annotated with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Avoid implicit discriminants.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};\n use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_owner_error() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let owner = test_env.get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);\n\n test_env.set_caller(owner);\n let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {\n name: "OwnedContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);\n assert_eq!(\n owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),\n Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," has ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_{{entry_point_name}}")," functions that return an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.0.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult")),".\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractHostRef")," implements regular entrypoints: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),", and\nand safe its safe version: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we are calling ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name")," and expecting an error to be thrown.\nFor assertions, we are using a standard ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro. As the contract call returns an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError"),",\nwe need to convert our custom error to ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraError")," using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Into::into()"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e78a982b.647528a6.js b/docs/assets/js/e78a982b.647528a6.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c72798351 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e78a982b.647528a6.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[83400],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>m,kt:()=>d});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=a.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},m=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,m=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),d=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||p[d]||o;return n?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},m),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:t},m))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)i[s]=n[s];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},5959:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Building contracts manually",l={unversionedId:"advanced/building-manually",id:"version-1.0.0/advanced/building-manually",title:"Building contracts manually",description:"cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/advanced/06-building-manually.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/building-manually",permalink:"/docs/advanced/building-manually",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Building the contract manually",id:"building-the-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"Optimizing the contract",id:"optimizing-the-contract",level:2},{value:"Running the tests manually",id:"running-the-tests-manually",level:2},{value:"Wrapping up",id:"wrapping-up",level:2}],m={toc:s};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},m,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"building-contracts-manually"},"Building contracts manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes\na better control over the parameters that are passed to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),"\nor the compiler is needed. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need\nto switch between them during the building and testing."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Knowing that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a simple wrapper around ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),", it is easy to replicate\nthe same behavior by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo")," directly."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-the-contract-manually"},"Building the contract manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To build the contract manually, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra uses the environment variable ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_MODULE")," to determine which contract to build.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Assuming that project's crate is named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),", this command will build\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," contract in release mode and generate the wasm file.\nThe file will be put into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release")," directory under\nthe name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project_build_contract.wasm"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory, and\nto be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"optimizing-the-contract"},"Optimizing the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To lower the size of the wasm file, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-strip")," tool:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To further optimize the wasm file, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-opt")," tool is also used."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not\nfully compatible with the Casper execution engine.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"running-the-tests-manually"},"Running the tests manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use.\nTo run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"wrapping-up"},"Wrapping up"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's say we want to build the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," in debug mode, run the tests against the\ncasper backend and use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-own-allocator")," feature from our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," project."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To do that, we can use the following set of commands:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\nmv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\nODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation\nthat can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", which is responsible\nfor storing simple values on the blockchain's storage."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"struct"},"Struct"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and other modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value,\n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var<bool>,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need\nto mark the struct with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all\nthe fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not\nbe persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming\nfrom Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var<T>")," showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction"},"next article"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"impl"},"Impl"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the struct, we mark the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. Odra will take all\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have\nfunctions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively,\nyou can create a separate ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl")," section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked\nwith ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," will be not callable."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The function named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only\nto a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," function is optional,\nif your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'}," ...\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var<T>"),". The data\nsaved there using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set")," function will be persisted in the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"tests"},"Tests"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs"',title:'"flipper.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n ...\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the\ncontract using ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/trait.Deployer.html#tymethod.deploy"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Deployer::deploy"))," function called on ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FlipperHostRef")," - a piece of code generated\nby the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]"),". Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments,\nas the second argument of the deploy function, we pass ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"NoArgs")," - one of the implementations of\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.8.1/odra/host/trait.InitArgs.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"InitArgs"))," trait provided with the framework. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e8902c41.524ac2a7.js b/docs/assets/js/e8902c41.524ac2a7.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ce76a965 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e8902c41.524ac2a7.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[64875],{79495:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e8a3ffa2.11029ee4.js b/docs/assets/js/e8a3ffa2.11029ee4.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bfc5d19d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e8a3ffa2.11029ee4.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[21389],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var r=a(67294);function n(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,r)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){n(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(n[a]=e[a]);return n}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(n[a]=e[a])}return n}var s=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,n=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(a),g=n,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||o;return a?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var a=arguments,n=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||n){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:n,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)l[c]=a[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,a)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},10296:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=a(87462),n=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.6.0/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,n.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/e9ea549b.f94a54d3.js b/docs/assets/js/e9ea549b.f94a54d3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd54bfe4b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/e9ea549b.f94a54d3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[25495],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var i=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(i),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(i.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,i=e.parentName,c=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),f=a,m=d["".concat(i,".").concat(f)]||d[f]||u[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var s={};for(var i in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,i)&&(s[i]=t[i]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=s;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)l[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},3070:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>i,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",s={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. 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If you followed the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial, you should have this file already at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For further explanation of how this code works, see ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"lets-flip"},"Let's flip"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs" showLineNumbers',title:'"flipper.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Var;\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Var<bool>,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n pub fn init(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`\n // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.\n let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests, execute the following command:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ea0379ae.88c6f4d8.js b/docs/assets/js/ea0379ae.88c6f4d8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acea0d4c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ea0379ae.88c6f4d8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[88854],{49059:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Examples","description":"Examples","slug":"/category/examples","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/category/examples","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Casper","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/backends/casper"},"next":{"title":"odra-examples","permalink":"/docs/0.7.0/examples/odra-examples"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ea145f46.e7336e76.js b/docs/assets/js/ea145f46.e7336e76.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a0cdc147 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ea145f46.e7336e76.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[19856],{92892:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/eae8630e.a5fe12a9.js b/docs/assets/js/eae8630e.a5fe12a9.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b758365e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/eae8630e.a5fe12a9.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[91501],{73627:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let\'s go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/tutorials","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/category/tutorials","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Using odra-modules","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules"},"next":{"title":"Ownable","permalink":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ed6ae2e5.fcf896d2.js b/docs/assets/js/ed6ae2e5.fcf896d2.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e185473dc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ed6ae2e5.fcf896d2.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[7493],{35069:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Backends","description":"Backends","slug":"/category/backends","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/category/backends","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Attributes","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/advanced/attributes"},"next":{"title":"What is a backend?","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ed898d19.a0166f5f.js b/docs/assets/js/ed898d19.a0166f5f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83dbbf0fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ed898d19.a0166f5f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[30659],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)n=o[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=r,v=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||o;return n?a.createElement(v,l(l({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(v,l({ref:t},d))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,l[1]=i;for(var u=2;u<o;u++)l[u]=n[u];return a.createElement.apply(null,l)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},65822:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>u});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},l="Module reusing",i={unversionedId:"advanced/using",id:"version-0.6.0/advanced/using",title:"Module reusing",description:"This feature of the Odra Framework is designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/advanced/01-using.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/using",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/using",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/advanced"},next:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/advanced/delegate"}},s={},u=[{value:"Conceptual Overview",id:"conceptual-overview",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2}],d={toc:u};function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"module-reusing"},"Module reusing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This feature of the Odra Framework is designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conceptual-overview"},"Conceptual Overview"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'#[odra::module]\nstruct Contract {\n value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "value"\n module: Module\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Module {\n secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "module_secret"\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null," Odra generates an array of keys, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace, like in the example above. But what if you want to reuse the same instance of a module? Add a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(using)]"),' attribute to a module to override the default behavior. This is information for the module "Do not prefix storage keys for the given module." so effectively, the child and the parent use the same module instance.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's illustrate it with a simple example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'use odra::Variable;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct SharedStorage {\n pub value: Variable<String>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct MyStorage {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n pub version: Variable<u8>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct ComposableContract {\n pub shared: SharedStorage,\n #[odra(using = "shared")]\n pub storage: MyStorage\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl ComposableContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String) {\n self.storage.version.set(version);\n self.shared.value.set(value);\n }\n\n pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {\n self.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {\n self.storage.shared.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn t() {\n let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();\n let extra_value: u32 = 314;\n let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);\n\n assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);\n assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);\n }\n}\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we've introduced a new module, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MoreStorage"),", which nests ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MyStorage")," and includes an extra value. 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Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the contract level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_shared_value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"On the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MyStorage")," module level - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_more_storage_shared_value"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This example showcases how you can effectively use the module reusing feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ee3d80a6.ffa24edf.js b/docs/assets/js/ee3d80a6.ffa24edf.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1a3db787 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ee3d80a6.ffa24edf.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[12535],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)i[s]=n[s];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},78575:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.7.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name")," will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where\nthe contract is defined."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nname = "flipper"\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nname = "counter"\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/eedc1cb5.b76c65f8.js b/docs/assets/js/eedc1cb5.b76c65f8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6526cba5b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/eedc1cb5.b76c65f8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[44248],{3905:(e,r,t)=>{t.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=t(67294);function a(e,r,t){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=t,e}function n(e,r){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(o=o.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,o)}return t}function l(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var t=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?n(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(r){a(e,r,t[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):n(Object(t)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var t,o,a=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var t,o,a={},n=Object.keys(e);for(o=0;o<n.length;o++)t=n[o],r.indexOf(t)>=0||(a[t]=e[t]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o<n.length;o++)t=n[o],r.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(a[t]=e[t])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=o.useContext(s),t=r;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(r):l(l({},r),e)),t},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return o.createElement(o.Fragment,{},r)}},u=o.forwardRef((function(e,r){var t=e.components,a=e.mdxType,n=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(t),m=a,f=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||n;return t?o.createElement(f,l(l({ref:r},c),{},{components:t})):o.createElement(f,l({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var t=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var n=t.length,l=new Array(n);l[0]=u;var i={};for(var s in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,s)&&(i[s]=r[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<n;p++)l[p]=t[p];return o.createElement.apply(null,l)}return o.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},30420:(e,r,t)=>{t.r(r),t.d(r,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var o=t(87462),a=(t(67294),t(3905));const n={sidebar_position:1},l="odra-examples",i={unversionedId:"examples/odra-examples",id:"version-0.6.0/examples/odra-examples",title:"odra-examples",description:"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.6.0/examples/odra-examples.md",sourceDirName:"examples",slug:"/examples/odra-examples",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/examples/odra-examples",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.6.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/category/examples"},next:{title:"Using odra-modules",permalink:"/docs/0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules"}},s={},p=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...t}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,o.Z)({},c,t,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odra-examples"},"odra-examples"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples")," in the Odra main repository."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,'The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.'),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"../category/tutorials/"},"Tutorial")," section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-modules"),"."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ef626e06.5169c2cb.js b/docs/assets/js/ef626e06.5169c2cb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbad9c621 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ef626e06.5169c2cb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[73808],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,n)}return a}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,n,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(r[a]=e[a]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)a=o[n],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(r[a]=e[a])}return r}var l=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=n.useContext(l),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return n.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=c(a),m=r,g=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return a?n.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):n.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var a=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=a.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)i[c]=a[c];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},27909:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>c});var n=a(87462),r=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},i="Cargo Odra",s={unversionedId:"basics/cargo-odra",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/cargo-odra",title:"Cargo Odra",description:"A tool for managing Odra projects",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/01-cargo-odra.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/cargo-odra",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/cargo-odra",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,description:"A tool for managing Odra projects"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/category/basics"},next:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/directory-structure"}},l={},c=[{value:"Managing projects",id:"managing-projects",level:2},{value:"Generating code",id:"generating-code",level:2},{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2},{value:"Building code",id:"building-code",level:2},{value:"Generating contract schema",id:"generating-contract-schema",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"cargo-odra"},"Cargo Odra"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you followed the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial properly,\nyou should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with\nmanaging your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"managing-projects"},"Managing projects"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new"),".\nYou need to pass one parameter, namely ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--name {PROJECT_NAME}"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new project in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," folder and name it ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),". You can see it\nfor yourself, for example by taking a look into a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file created in your project's folder:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "my_project"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The project is created using the template located in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra"},"Odra's main repository"),".\nBy default it uses ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template, if you want, you can use minimalistic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"blank")," by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The third available template is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"workspace"),", which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created\nwith the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"full")," template."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency.\nYou can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-s")," parameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release\ncargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.0 # will use a version released on crates.io\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The second way of creating a project is by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"init")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra init --name my-project\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It works in the same way as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"new"),", but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project\nin the current, empty directory."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-code"},"Generating code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"generate")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra generate -c counter \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This creates a new file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/counter.rs")," with sample code, add appropriate ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"use")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mod")," sections\nto ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/lib.rs")," and update the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file accordingly. To learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file,\nvisit ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/odra-toml"},"Odra.toml"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It runs your tests against Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"MockVM"),". It is substantially faster than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM"),"\nand implements all the features Odra uses."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\noption:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files,\nspin up ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CasperVM")," instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," and you cannot use the debugger.\nThis is why ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraVM")," was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts.\nOf course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo test")," command\n(which is run in the background obviously):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to run tests which names contain the word ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"two"),", you can execute:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper -- two\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-code"},"Building code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests.\nTo do so, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," folder.\nNotice, that this command does not require the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b")," option."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to build specific contract, you can use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"generating-contract-schema"},"Generating contract schema"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"schema")," command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra schema \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder.\nIf the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"resources")," folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Like with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"build")," command, you can use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," option to generate a schema for a specific contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," created\nfor us and explain their purpose."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra lets you forget about it by introducing\nOdra Events. Take a look:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"use odra::{Event, contract_env};\nuse odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]\npub struct PartyContract {\n}\n\n#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PartyContract {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&self) {\n PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n }.emit();\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We defined a new contract, which emits an event called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"PartyStarted")," when the contract is deployed.\nTo define an event, we derive an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Event")," macro like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]\npub struct PartyStarted {\n pub caller: Address,\n pub block_time: BlockTime,\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Among other things, it adds an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"emit()")," function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply\nas that:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"PartyStarted {\n caller: contract_env::caller(),\n block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),\n}.emit();\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"events")," attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-events"},"Testing events"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a handy macro ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_events!")," which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/docs/events.rs"',title:'"examples/src/docs/events.rs"'},"use odra::{assert_events, test_env};\nuse crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;\nuse super::PartyContractDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_party() {\n let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();\n assert_events!(\n party_contract,\n PartyStarted {\n caller: test_env::get_account(0),\n block_time: 0,\n }\n );\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f0928d2f.ed28131e.js b/docs/assets/js/f0928d2f.ed28131e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ba1bd415 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f0928d2f.ed28131e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[35660],{78942:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. 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This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.7.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.7.0",lastUpdatedAt:1699367878,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Nov 7, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,n.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f139e68c.e69808ae.js b/docs/assets/js/f139e68c.e69808ae.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cc5aa605 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f139e68c.e69808ae.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[62191],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>f});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function s(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):s(s({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,d=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(n),f=a,m=u["".concat(c,".").concat(f)]||u[f]||p[f]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,s(s({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,s({ref:t},d))}));function f(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(i[c]=t[c]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)s[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,s)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},46675:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:13,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},s="Native token",i={unversionedId:"basics/native-token",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/native-token",title:"Native token",description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/12-native-token.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/native-token",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/native-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:13,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:13,description:"How to deposit, withdraw and transfer"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Modules",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/modules"},next:{title:"Advanced",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/advanced"}},c={},l=[{value:"Testing",id:"testing",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"native-token"},"Native token"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new attribute used here: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv::transfer_tokens()"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a function -\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::PublicWalletHostRef;\n use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f146bc3c.737d9f98.js b/docs/assets/js/f146bc3c.737d9f98.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5478ddcc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f146bc3c.737d9f98.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[57731],{73800:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Examples","description":"Examples","slug":"/category/examples","permalink":"/docs/0.6.0/category/examples","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Casper","permalink":"/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper"},"next":{"title":"odra-examples","permalink":"/docs/0.6.0/examples/odra-examples"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f446cb0a.13096a8d.js b/docs/assets/js/f446cb0a.13096a8d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c83d34b3a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f446cb0a.13096a8d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[26418],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),s=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},p=function(e){var t=s(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},u=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},p))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)i[s]=n[s];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},5537:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},i="Odra.toml",l={unversionedId:"basics/odra-toml",id:"version-0.8.0/basics/odra-toml",title:"Odra.toml",description:"Odra's configuration file",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.8.0/basics/03-odra-toml.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/odra-toml",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.8.0",lastUpdatedAt:1707733219,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Feb 12, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3,description:"Odra's configuration file"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Directory structure",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/directory-structure"},next:{title:"Flipper Internals",permalink:"/docs/0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals"}},c={},s=[{value:"Adding a new contract manually",id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:s};function d(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the previous article, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," is a file that contains information about all the contracts\nthat Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract.\nThe last segment of the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will\nbe in the above case named ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flipper.wasm"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"adding-a-new-contract-manually"},"Adding a new contract manually"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Besides using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand.\nTo do this, add another ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"[[contracts]]")," element, name it and make sure that the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," is set correctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you want to create a new contract called ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"counter"),", your ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file should finally\nlook like this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n\n[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Counter"\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Flipper")," contract."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f4926997.db39f923.js b/docs/assets/js/f4926997.db39f923.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ad54354b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f4926997.db39f923.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[83518],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>c});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function o(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?i(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):i(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},i=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)n=i[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<i.length;a++)n=i[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var s=a.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):o(o({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},m=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,i=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=d(n),c=r,w=m["".concat(s,".").concat(c)]||m[c]||p[c]||i;return n?a.createElement(w,o(o({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(w,o({ref:t},u))}));function c(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var i=n.length,o=new Array(i);o[0]=m;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,o[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<i;d++)o[d]=n[d];return a.createElement.apply(null,o)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}m.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},13966:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>i,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const i={sidebar_position:1},o="Ownable",l={unversionedId:"tutorials/ownable",id:"version-1.0.0/tutorials/ownable",title:"Ownable",description:"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/tutorials/ownable.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/ownable",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/ownable",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Tutorials",permalink:"/docs/category/tutorials"},next:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Framework features",id:"framework-features",level:2},{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Define a module",id:"define-a-module",level:3},{value:"Init the module",id:"init-the-module",level:3},{value:"Features implementation",id:"features-implementation",level:3},{value:"Test",id:"test",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"ownable"},"Ownable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"framework-features"},"Framework features"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"storing a single value,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining a constructor,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"error handling,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"defining and emitting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"registering a contact in a test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"interactions with the test environment,"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"assertions (value, events, errors assertions).")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Module has an initializer that should be called once. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Only the current owner can set a new owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Read the current owner."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"define-a-module"},"Define a module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]\npub struct Ownable {\n owner: Var<Option<Address>>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4")," - Firstly, we need to create a struct called ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," and apply ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]")," attribute to it. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"events")," attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," is a type that will be defined later."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"init-the-module"},"Init the module"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {\n if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {\n self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)\n }\n\n self.owner.set(Some(owner));\n \n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n });\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,\n}\n\n#[odra::event]\npub struct OwnershipChanged {\n pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,\n pub new_owner: Address\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L1")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"impl")," should be an Odra module, so add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L3")," - The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Ownable")," module as a standalone contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L17-L20")," - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum. Notice that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Into<odra::OdraError>")," binding."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L4-L6")," - If the owner has been set already, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::revert()")," function with an ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized")," argument. "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L8")," - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set()")," on ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L22-L26")," - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::event]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10")," - Finally, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::emit_event()")," passing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged")," instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"prev_owner")," value to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"features-implementation"},"Features implementation"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[odra::module]\nimpl Ownable {\n ...\n\n pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {\n if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)\n }\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());\n let current_owner = self.get_owner();\n self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));\n self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(current_owner),\n new_owner: *new_owner\n });\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n match self.owner.get_or_default() {\n Some(owner) => owner,\n None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)\n }\n }\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n NotOwner = 1,\n OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,\n OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7,L31")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()")," reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address"),". Also, we need to update our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," enum by adding a new variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"NotOwner"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L11")," - The function defined above can be reused in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()")," implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ContractEnv::caller()")," function. Then we update the state and emit ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnershipChanged"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L21,L33")," - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error")," variant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnerIsNotInitialized"),". There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," function returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<T>"),". If the type implements the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Default")," trait, you can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_or_default()")," function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"owner")," is of type ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<Address>")," the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get()")," would return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<Option<Address>>"),", we use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Var::get_or_default()")," instead.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"test"},"Test"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=ownable.rs showLineNumbers",title:"ownable.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::*;\n use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};\n\n fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {\n let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();\n let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {\n owner: env.get_account(0)\n };\n (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn initialization_works() {\n let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);\n \n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: None,\n new_owner: owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn owner_can_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n \n env.set_caller(owner);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);\n\n env.emitted_event(\n ownable.address(),\n &OwnershipChanged {\n prev_owner: Some(owner),\n new_owner\n }\n );\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {\n let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();\n let new_owner = env.get_account(1);\n ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);\n \n assert_eq!(\n ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), \n Err(Error::NotOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L6")," - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address)"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef")," is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ensure_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"change_ownership()"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_owner()"),", but not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()"),", which is a constructor."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L7-L11")," - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_test::env()"),". Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute implements a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer")," for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableHostRef"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OwnableInitArgs")," that we pass as the second argument of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra::host::Deployer::deploy()")," function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14")," - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L16-17")," - Using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"setup()")," function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You may have noticed, we use here the term ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"module")," interchangeably with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract"),". The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L19-25")," - On the contract, only the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init()")," function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv"),". To get the env, we call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"env()")," on the contract, then call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::emitted_event"),". As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L31")," - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," predefines 20 accounts."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L33")," - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::set_caller()")," function. ",(0,r.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account."))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L46-55")," - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::try_change_ownership()")," instead of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv::change_ownership()"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"HostEnv")," provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"try")," functions return ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraResult")," (an alias for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Result<T, OdraError>"),") instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::NotOwner")," error. To compare the error, we use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Error::into()")," function, which converts the error into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"OdraError")," type.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f54718af.50ba5cbf.js b/docs/assets/js/f54718af.50ba5cbf.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bbbfffe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f54718af.50ba5cbf.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[52294],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=a(67294);function r(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return 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o={sidebar_position:3},s="Casper",i={unversionedId:"backends/casper",id:"version-0.5.0/backends/casper",title:"Casper",description:"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/backends/03-casper.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/casper",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/casper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"MockVM",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/examples"}},l={},p=[{value:"Types",id:"types",level:2},{value:"Contract Env",id:"contract-env",level:2},{value:"Events",id:"events",level:3},{value:"Payable",id:"payable",level:3},{value:"Revert",id:"revert",level:3},{value:"Context",id:"context",level:3},{value:"Test Env",id:"test-env",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Constructors",id:"constructors",level:2},{value:"WASM arguments",id:"wasm-arguments",level:3},{value:"Contract Deploys",id:"contract-deploys",level:2},{value:"Example: Deploy Counter",id:"example-deploy-counter",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC721",id:"example-deploy-erc721",level:3},{value:"Example: Deploy ERC1155",id:"example-deploy-erc1155",level:3},{value:"Sending CSPR to a contract",id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract",level:2},{value:"Using proxy_caller.wasm",id:"using-proxy_callerwasm",level:3},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"casper"},"Casper"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed\nonto ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://casper.network/"},"Casper Blockchain"),"\nand lets you to easily run them against ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://crates.io/crates/casper-execution-engine"},"Casper's Execution Engine")," locally."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"types"},"Types"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be written into the storage must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OdraType")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait OdraType: \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The other exposed types are:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CallArgs")," - wraps around casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"RuntimeArgs")),";"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Balance")," - U512 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BlockTime")," - u64 type alias;"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," - an enum that encapsulates casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/account/struct.AccountHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"AccountHash"))," and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractPackageHash")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"events"},"Events"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've\nalready learned from the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/events"},"events article"),", in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.15/contracts.html#example"},"Solidity"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Under the hood, Odra integrates with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-event-standard"},"Casper Event Standard")," and creates a few ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/struct.URef.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"URef"),"s")," in the global state when a contract is being installed:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events")," - a dictionary that stores events' data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_length")," - the evens count."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_ces_version")," - the version of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Casper Event Standard"),". "),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"__events_schema")," - a dictionary that stores event schemas.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__events_schema")," key."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Don't forget to expose events in the module using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module(events = [...])]"),". ")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"So, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Events")," are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A struct to be an event must implement ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SerializableEvent")," which is defined as follow:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub trait SerializableEvent: \n odra_types::event::OdraEvent + \n casper_types::CLTyped + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + \n casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"payable"},"Payable"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first Odra idiom is a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Contract Main Purse"),". It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"URef")," and a purse are created and stored under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse")," key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo Purse"),". It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable.\nIf under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra expects the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.\nIn case of its absence, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::attached_value()")," returns zero.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"revert"},"Revert"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::revert()"),".\nOdra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecutionError"),"s are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/enum.ApiError.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ApiError::User")),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"context"},"Context"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers.\nIf you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_address()")," function takes the first element of the callstack (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-contract/latest/casper_contract/contract_api/runtime/fn.get_call_stack.html"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"runtime::get_call_stack()")),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::caller()")," function takes the second element of the call stack (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime::get_call_stack()"),") and casts it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Address"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As mentioned in the ","[Payable]"," section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contract_env::self_balance"),", which checks the balance of the purse stored under ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"__contract_main_purse"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"test-env"},"Test Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Casper Execution Engine"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env::set_caller()"),") one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Motes")," (100_000_000_000_000_000)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Test Env internally keeps track of the current ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"block time"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"error")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"attached value"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper"),", so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-b"),"\nparameter:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"constructors"},"Constructors"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\nstruct Counter {\n value: Variable<u32>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Counter {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Read more about constructors ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes#init"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"wasm-arguments"},"WASM arguments"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Required arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_allow_key_override")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," and the key specified in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name")," already exists, it will be overwritten."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_is_upgradable")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bool")," type. If ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", the contract will be deployed as upgradable.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Optional arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra(init)]"),", this should be set to the constructor name."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"constructor arguments that match entry point set in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"odra_cfg_constructor"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-deploys"},"Contract Deploys"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-counter"},"Example: Deploy Counter"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To deploy your contract with a constructor using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client"),", you need to pass the above arguments.\nAdditionally, you need to pass the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"value")," argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:\'counter_package_hash\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:\'true\'" \\\n --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:\'initialize\'" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:42" \n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.casper.network/writing-contracts/"},"Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc721"},"Example: Deploy ERC721"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation.\nClone the main Odra repo and navigate to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"modules")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Firstly contract needs to be compiled."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It produces the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"erc721_token.wasm")," file in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Now it's time to deploy the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string:'MyNFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"symbol:string:'NFT'\" \\\n --session-arg \"base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It's done.\nThe contract is deployed and ready to use.\nYour account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.5.0/modules/src/erc721_token.rs"},"ERC721")," module."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To obtain the package hash of the contract search for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_nft")," key\nin your account's named keys."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"example-deploy-erc1155"},"Example: Deploy ERC1155"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract compilation:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Contract deployment:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\\n --chain-name casper-test \\\n --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\\n --payment-amount 300000000000 \\\n --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'\" \\\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens.\nFor more details see the code of the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.5.0/modules/src/erc1155_token.rs"},"ERC1155")," module."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"sending-cspr-to-a-contract"},"Sending CSPR to a contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Defining payable entry points is described in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token"},"Native Token")," section."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," argument for each payable\nentry point. The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract.\nWhen a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you.\nThe problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account.\nThe only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that\ntop-ups the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo_purse")," and then calls the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Odra provides a generic ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," that does exactly that.\nYou can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/0.4.0/odra-casper/livenet/resources/proxy_caller.wasm"},"proxy_caller.wasm"),"\nwe maintain."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"using-proxy_callerwasm"},"Using proxy_caller.wasm"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"proxy_caller.wasm")," you need to attach the following arguments:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"contract_package_hash")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BytesArray(32)")," type. The package hash of the contract you want to call.\nResult of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/contracts/struct.ContractPackageHash.html"},"CasperPackageHash"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"entry_point")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"String")," type. The name of the entry point you want to call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"args")," - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Bytes")," type. It is a serialized ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/runtime_args/struct.RuntimeArgs.html"},"RuntimeArgs")," with the arguments you want to pass\nto the entry point. To be specific it is the result of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"to_bytes")," method wrapped with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.rs/casper-types/latest/casper_types/bytesrepr/struct.Bytes.html"},"Bytes")," type."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Option<U512>")," type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"amount"),". ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"U512")," type. Should be the same value as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"attached_value")," if not ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"None"),".\nIt is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Currently ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," doesn't allow building such arguments.\nYou have to build it using your SDK."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm"},"MockVM")," -\na list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro."),(0,r.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[IR];\n id2[IR]--\x3eid3((WASM))\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid4[(Local Casper\\nExecution Engine)]\n id3((WASM))--\x3eid5[(Casper Network)]"}))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f5bf02f1.38546c06.js b/docs/assets/js/f5bf02f1.38546c06.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cdb3c71e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f5bf02f1.38546c06.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[69756],{60374:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Advanced","description":"Advanced concepts of Odra Framework","slug":"/category/advanced","permalink":"/docs/category/advanced","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Native token","permalink":"/docs/basics/native-token"},"next":{"title":"Delegate","permalink":"/docs/advanced/delegate"}}}')}}]); 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The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. "),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs",title:"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs"},"#[odra(payable)]\npub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n // Extract values\n let caller: Address = self.env().caller();\n let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();\n let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();\n\n // Multiple lock check\n if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {\n self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)\n }\n\n // Update state, emit event\n self.balances.set(&caller, amount);\n self.lock_expiration_map\n .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());\n self.env()\n .emit_event(Deposit {\n address: caller,\n amount\n });\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"non-reentrant"},"Non Reentrant"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In Odra you can just apply the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(non_reentrant)]")," attribute to your function."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"example-1"},"Example"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra::module]\npub struct NonReentrantCounter {\n counter: Var<u32>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n #[odra(non_reentrant)]\n pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {\n if n > 0 {\n self.count();\n ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nimpl NonReentrantCounter {\n fn count(&mut self) {\n let c = self.counter.get_or_default();\n self.counter.set(c + 1);\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n use super::*;\n use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};\n\n #[test]\n fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n\n let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);\n assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"mixing-attributes"},"Mixing attributes"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable.\nTo apply multiple attributes, you can write:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"or "),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"#[odra(payable)]\n#[odra(non_reentrant)]\nfn deposit() {\n // your logic...\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In both cases attributes order does not matter."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f6aaa6b5.cc2a8cd1.js b/docs/assets/js/f6aaa6b5.cc2a8cd1.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a8a7d3a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f6aaa6b5.cc2a8cd1.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[97987],{28603:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Migrations","description":"How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.","slug":"/category/migrations","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/category/migrations","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read"},"next":{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","permalink":"/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.8.0"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f781f173.92dbdfd5.js b/docs/assets/js/f781f173.92dbdfd5.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7ecb9a87 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f781f173.92dbdfd5.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[24854],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>m});var a=t(67294);function r(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function o(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(a=a.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,a)}return t}function i(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?o(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){r(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):o(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function s(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,a,r={},o=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(r[t]=e[t]);return r}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<o.length;a++)t=o[a],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(r[t]=e[t])}return r}var c=a.createContext({}),l=function(e){var n=a.useContext(c),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):i(i({},n),e)),t},p=function(e){var n=l(e.components);return a.createElement(c.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},n)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=l(t),m=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return t?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:n},p),{},{components:t})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:n},p))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,r=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=t.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var s={};for(var c in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,c)&&(s[c]=n[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)i[l]=t[l];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,t)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},76279:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var a=t(87462),r=(t(67294),t(3905));const o={},i="Advanced Storage Concepts",s={unversionedId:"advanced/advanced-storage",id:"version-1.0.0/advanced/advanced-storage",title:"Advanced Storage Concepts",description:"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/advanced/02-advanced-storage.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/advanced-storage",permalink:"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Delegate",permalink:"/docs/advanced/delegate"},next:{title:"Attributes",permalink:"/docs/advanced/attributes"}},c={},l=[{value:"Recap and Basic Concepts",id:"recap-and-basic-concepts",level:2},{value:"Advanced Storage Concepts",id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1",level:2},{value:"Sequence",id:"sequence",level:3},{value:"Advanced Mapping",id:"advanced-mapping",level:3},{value:"AdvancedStorage Contract",id:"advancedstorage-contract",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:l};function d(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"recap-and-basic-concepts"},"Recap and Basic Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),", ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"List"),". These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Var"),": A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),": Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"List"),": Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/storage-interaction"},"guide")," on basic storage in Odra."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advanced-storage-concepts-1"},"Advanced Storage Concepts"),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"sequence"},"Sequence"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Sequence")," in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Var")," which keeps track of the current value. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"pub struct Sequence<T>\nwhere\n T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped\n{\n value: Var<T>\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Sequence module provides functions ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"get_current_value")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"next_value")," to get the current value and increment the value respectively."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"advanced-mapping"},"Advanced Mapping"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Odra, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value.\nIn previous examples, the value of the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_type]")," attribute."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's consider the following example:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs"'},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Mappings {\n strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,\n tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Mappings {\n\n ...\n\n pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {\n self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn get_string_api(\n &self, \n key1: String, \n key2: u32, \n key3: String\n ) -> String {\n let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));\n opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping")," key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Firstly, within a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),", you don't encapsulate the module with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Submodule"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Secondly, rather than utilizing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::get()")," function, call ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping::module()"),", which returns ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SubModule<T>")," and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"advancedstorage-contract"},"AdvancedStorage Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The given code snippet showcases the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AdvancedStorage")," contract that incorporates these storage concepts."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},"use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};\nuse odra::prelude::*;\nuse crate::modules::Token;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct AdvancedStorage {\n counter: Sequence<u32>,\n tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,\n}\n\nimpl AdvancedStorage {\n pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.get_current_value()\n }\n\n pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {\n self.counter.next_value()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {\n let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.balance_of(&address)\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {\n let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));\n token.mint(amount, to);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts."))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f8f99b0e.5b69f68a.js b/docs/assets/js/f8f99b0e.5b69f68a.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a59826603 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f8f99b0e.5b69f68a.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[20626],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function s(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?s(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){r(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):s(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function o(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,r={},s=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<s.length;a++)n=s[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=a.createContext({}),u=function(e){var t=a.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=u(e.components);return a.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},p=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,s=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=o(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=u(n),m=r,h=p["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||d[m]||s;return n?a.createElement(h,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(h,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var s=n.length,i=new Array(s);i[0]=p;var o={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(o[l]=t[l]);o.originalType=e,o.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=o;for(var u=2;u<s;u++)i[u]=n[u];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},85162:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>i});var a=n(67294),r=n(86010);const s="tabItem_Ymn6";function i(e){let{children:t,hidden:n,className:i}=e;return a.createElement("div",{role:"tabpanel",className:(0,r.Z)(s,i),hidden:n},t)}},74866:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>w});var a=n(87462),r=n(67294),s=n(86010),i=n(12466),o=n(16550),l=n(91980),u=n(67392),c=n(50012);function d(e){return function(e){return r.Children.map(e,(e=>{if((0,r.isValidElement)(e)&&"value"in e.props)return e;throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Bad <Tabs> child <${"string"==typeof e.type?e.type:e.type.name}>: all children of the <Tabs> component should be <TabItem>, and every <TabItem> should have a unique "value" prop.`)}))}(e).map((e=>{let{props:{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}=e;return{value:t,label:n,attributes:a,default:r}}))}function p(e){const{values:t,children:n}=e;return(0,r.useMemo)((()=>{const e=t??d(n);return function(e){const t=(0,u.l)(e,((e,t)=>e.value===t.value));if(t.length>0)throw new Error(`Docusaurus error: Duplicate values "${t.map((e=>e.value)).join(", ")}" found in <Tabs>. 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state.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/build-deploy-read",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Pausable",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable"},next:{title:"Using Proxy Caller",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/using-proxy-caller"}},c={},d=[{value:"Contract",id:"contract",level:3},{value:"Deploying the contract",id:"deploying-the-contract",level:3},{value:"Storage Layout",id:"storage-layout",level:3},{value:"Reading the state",id:"reading-the-state",level:3}],p={toc:d};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h1",{id:"build-deploy-and-read-the-state-of-a-contract"},"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"../category/getting-started"},"Getting Started")," guide"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Get familiar with ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://docs.casper.network/developers/dapps/setup-nctl/"},"NCTL tutorial")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/make-software/casper-nctl-docker"},"NCTL docker")," image"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/casper-ecosystem/casper-client-rs"},"casper-client"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"contract"},"Contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Mapping"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will expose two methods:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The constructor ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"init")," which sets the metadata and the version of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The method ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"set_data")," which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=custom_item.rs showLineNumbers",title:"custom_item.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};\n\n// A custom type with a vector of another custom type\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec<Price>,\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_type]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\n// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule\n#[odra::module]\npub struct CustomItem {\n version: Var<u32>,\n meta: Var<Metadata>,\n data: SubModule<Data>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl CustomItem {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {\n let meta = Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices: vec![\n Price { value: price_1 },\n Price { value: price_2 }\n ]\n };\n self.meta.set(meta);\n self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);\n }\n\n pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {\n self.data.value.set(value);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);\n self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);\n }\n}\n\n// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule\n#[odra::module]\nstruct Data {\n value: Var<u32>,\n inner: SubModule<InnerData>,\n}\n\n// A submodule with a mapping\n#[odra::module]\nstruct InnerData {\n named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,\n}\n\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"deploying-the-contract"},"Deploying the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo odra build -c custom_item \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Then, we can deploy the contract using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"casper-client")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\\n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ \n --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\\n --payment-amount 100000000000 \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'\" \\\n --session-arg \"name:string='My Name'\" \\\n --session-arg \"description:string='My Description'\" \\ \n --session-arg \"price_1:u256='101'\" \\\n --session-arg \"price_2:u256='202'\"\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we can call the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_data")," method to set the values of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'casper-client put-deploy \\\n --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ \n --chain-name casper-net-1 \\\n --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ \n --payment-amount 2000000000 \\\n --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\\n --session-entry-point "set_data" \\\n --session-arg "value:u32:\'666\'" \\\n --session-arg "name:string=\'alice\'" \\ \n --session-arg "name2:string=\'bob\'"\n')),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"storage-layout"},"Storage Layout"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. "),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"Storage Layout\n\nCustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0\n meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1\n data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2\n value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) + 0\n inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0001 (2 << 4) + 1\n named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The actual key is obtained as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Convert the index to a big-endian byte array."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Concatenate the index with the mapping data."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In more detail, the storage layout is described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout"},"Storage Layout article"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"reading-the-state"},"Reading the state"),(0,r.kt)(s.Z,{mdxType:"Tabs"},(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"rust",label:"Rust",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=main.rs showLineNumbers",title:"main.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},'use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};\nuse casper_types::{\n bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},\n U256,\n};\n\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";\nconst NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";\nconst RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";\nconst DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Metadata {\n name: String,\n description: String,\n prices: Vec<Price>,\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]\npub struct Price {\n value: U256,\n}\n\nasync fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {\n let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n None,\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .state_root_hash\n .unwrap();\n\n // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.\n let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(\n RPC_ID.to_string().into(),\n NODE_ADDRESS,\n Verbosity::Low,\n state_root_hash,\n DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {\n key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),\n dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),\n dictionary_item_key: key,\n },\n )\n .await\n .unwrap()\n .result\n .stored_value;\n\n // We expect the value to be a CLValue\n if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.\n cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()\n } else {\n vec![]\n }\n}\n\nasync fn metadata() -> Metadata {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(1, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n\n let mut prices = vec![];\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for _ in 0..size {\n // Read the value and store the remaining bytes\n let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();\n bytes = rem;\n prices.push(Price { value });\n }\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n Metadata {\n name,\n description,\n prices\n }\n}\n\nasync fn value() -> u32 {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nasync fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();\n let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);\n let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));\n dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {\n let mut key = Vec::new();\n key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());\n key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);\n let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);\n\n hex::encode(&hashed_key)\n}\n\nfn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {\n let mut result = [0u8; 32];\n let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)\n .expect("should create hasher");\n let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);\n blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)\n .expect("should copy hash to the result array");\n result\n}\n\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'cargo run\n[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {\n name: "My Contract",\n description: "My Description",\n prices: [\n Price {\n value: 123,\n },\n Price {\n value: 321,\n },\n ],\n}\n[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666\n[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20\n[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10\n'))),(0,r.kt)(i.Z,{value:"ts",label:"TypeScript",mdxType:"TabItem"},(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-typescript",metastring:"title=index.ts showLineNumbers",title:"index.ts",showLineNumbers:!0},'\nimport { blake2bHex } from "blakejs";\nimport {\n CLList,\n CLListBytesParser,\n CLStringBytesParser,\n CLU256BytesParser,\n CLU32BytesParser,\n CLU8,\n CLValueBuilder,\n CasperClient,\n CasperServiceByJsonRPC,\n Contracts,\n ToBytes,\n} from "casper-js-sdk";\n\nconst LOCAL_NODE_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:11101/rpc";\n// replace with your contract hash\nconst CONTRACT_HASH = "hash-...";\nconst STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME = "state";\nconst U32_SIZE = 4;\n\nclass Price {\n value: bigint;\n\n constructor(value: bigint) {\n this.value = value;\n }\n}\n\nclass Metadata {\n name: string;\n description: string;\n prices: Price[];\n\n constructor(name: string, description: string, prices: Price[]) {\n this.name = name;\n this.description = description;\n this.prices = prices;\n }\n}\n\nexport class Contract {\n client: CasperClient;\n service: CasperServiceByJsonRPC;\n contract: Contracts.Contract;\n\n private constructor() {\n this.client = new CasperClient(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.service = new CasperServiceByJsonRPC(LOCAL_NODE_URL);\n this.contract = new Contracts.Contract(this.client);\n this.contract.setContractHash(CONTRACT_HASH);\n }\n\n static async load() {\n return new Contract();\n }\n\n async read_state(key: string) {\n const response = await this.contract.queryContractDictionary(STATE_DICTIONARY_NAME, key);\n let data: CLList<CLU8 & ToBytes> = CLValueBuilder.list(response.value());\n let bytes = new CLListBytesParser().toBytes(data).unwrap();\n // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType\n return bytes.slice(4);\n }\n\n async metadata() {\n // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(key(1));\n\n // Read the name and store the remaining bytes\n let name = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = name.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // Read the description and store the remaining bytes\n let description = new CLStringBytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = description.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n let prices: Price[] = [];\n // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements\n // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes\n let size = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = size.remainder as Uint8Array;\n\n // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it\n for (let i = 0; i < size.result.unwrap().data.toNumber(); i++) {\n let price = new CLU256BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n bytes = price.remainder as Uint8Array;\n prices.push(new Price(price.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt()));\n }\n\n // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes\n // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.\n // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.\n return new Metadata(\n name.result.unwrap().data,\n description.result.unwrap().data,\n prices\n );\n }\n \n async value() {\n // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data\n const bytes = await this.read_state(key((2 << 4) + 0));\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n\n async named_value(name: string) {\n // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes\n let mapping_data = new CLStringBytesParser()\n .toBytes(CLValueBuilder.string(name))\n .unwrap();\n let bytes: Uint8Array = await this.read_state(\n key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, mapping_data)\n );\n\n // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity\n let value = new CLU32BytesParser().fromBytesWithRemainder(bytes);\n return value.result.unwrap().data.toBigInt();\n }\n}\n\n// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data\n// The algorithm is as follows:\n// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array\n// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data\n// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b\n// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)\nfunction key(idx: number, mapping_data: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array([])) {\n let key = new Uint8Array(U32_SIZE + mapping_data.length);\n new DataView(key.buffer).setUint32(0, idx, false); // false for big-endian\n key.set(mapping_data, U32_SIZE);\n\n return blake2bHex(key, undefined, 32);\n}\n\nconst contract = Contract.load();\ncontract.then(async (c) => {\n console.log(await c.value());\n console.log(await c.metadata());\n console.log(await c.named_value("alice"));\n console.log(await c.named_value("bob"));\n});\n')),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"tsc && node target/index.js \nMetadata {\n name: 'My Contract',\n description: 'My Description',\n prices: [ Price { value: 123n }, Price { value: 321n } ]\n}\n666n\n20n\n10n\n")))))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f91f9bef.593a0b5e.js b/docs/assets/js/f91f9bef.593a0b5e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b4459c84 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f91f9bef.593a0b5e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[74234],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>d,kt:()=>u});var a=n(67294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?r(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){o(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):r(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,o=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,a,o={},r=Object.keys(e);for(a=0;a<r.length;a++)n=r[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a<r.length;a++)n=r[a],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},d=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},h=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,d=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=c(n),u=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(u)]||h[u]||p[u]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,i(i({ref:t},d),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,i({ref:t},d))}));function u(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,i=new Array(r);i[0]=h;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=l;for(var c=2;c<r;c++)i[c]=n[c];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}h.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},79812:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var a=n(87462),o=(n(67294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:3},i="Livenet",l={unversionedId:"backends/livenet",id:"version-1.0.0/backends/livenet",title:"Livenet",description:"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-1.0.0/backends/04-livenet.md",sourceDirName:"backends",slug:"/backends/livenet",permalink:"/docs/backends/livenet",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"1.0.0",lastUpdatedAt:1716473940,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"May 23, 2024",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/backends/casper"},next:{title:"Examples",permalink:"/docs/category/examples"}},s={},c=[{value:"Setup",id:"setup",level:2},{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"How Livenet backend works",id:"how-livenet-backend-works",level:2},{value:"Multiple environments",id:"multiple-environments",level:2}],d={toc:c};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,a.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"livenet"},"Livenet"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local\ntest node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend\nto handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM,\nhowever, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state.\nThis lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but\non the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to\npay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://testnet.cspr.live/tools/faucet"},"faucet"),"\nto get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed\nfor each action."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state -\nwe can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"advance_block_time")," function\nis implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running\nthe regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will\nuse a slightly different workflow to test the contracts."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"setup"},"Setup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private\nkey and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use\nmore than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env\nfile to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/examples/.env.sample"},".env.sample")," file from\nexamples folder:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-env"},"# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used\n# to deploy the contracts.\n# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit\n# the secret key to the repository.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem\n\n# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777\n\n# Chain name of the network. Known values:\n# - integration-test\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test\n\n# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.\n# Main secret key will be 0th account.\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem\nODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find\na simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/odradev/odra/blob/release/1.0.0/examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"},"erc20_on_livenet.rs")," file.\nLet's go through the code:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'fn main() {\n // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize\n // the environment:\n let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();\n\n // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the\n // OdraVM backend.\n let owner = env.caller();\n // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,\n // so we need to provide them\n // if we did not import their secret keys.\n let recipient = \n "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";\n let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();\n\n // Arguments for the contract init method.\n let name = String::from("Plascoin");\n let symbol = String::from("PLS");\n let decimals = 10u8;\n let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);\n \n // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify\n // the gas limit for each action.\n // The limit will be used for every consecutive action\n // until we change it.\n env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);\n \n // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.\n let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {\n name,\n symbol,\n decimals,\n initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)\n };\n let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);\n \n // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.\n println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());\n\n // Uncomment to load existing contract.\n // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";\n // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();\n // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract\n // that is already deployed.\n // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);\n\n // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.\n println!("Token name: {}", token.name());\n\n // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,\n // so we change the amount of gas\n env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);\n token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));\n\n println!("Owner\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));\n println!("Recipient\'s balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));\n}\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the\n",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[bin]\nname = "erc20_on_livenet"\npath = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"\nrequired-features = ["livenet"]\ntest = false\n'))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"livenet")," feature enabled:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A part of a sample output should look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'...\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\ude44 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".\n\ud83d\udc81 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.\nOwner\'s balance: 4004\nRecipient\'s balance: 4000\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing.\nEach deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute.\nWe can see that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer")," call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," was nearly instant\nand cost us nothing. How it is possible?"),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can see the deployment on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://cspr.live/"},"http://cspr.live/")," - the transfer from the example\ncan be seen ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://integration.cspr.live/deploy/65b1a5d21174a62c675f89683aba995c453b942c705b404a1f8bbf6f0f6de32a"},"here"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"how-livenet-backend-works"},"How Livenet backend works"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state.\nIt is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the\nnode is the current state. This is why the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of")," call was almost instant and free."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract\n(see ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/cross-calls"},"Cross Calls"),"), it is executed offline and\nnode is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts\nand the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts"),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"multiple-environments"},"Multiple environments"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts,\nmultiple nodes or even multiple chains."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To do this, simply create a new ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file with a different prefix - for example, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet.env"),".\nThen, pass the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV")," variable with value either ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mainnet")," to select which file\nhas to be used first. If your ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file has a value that IS present in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file, it will\noverride the value from the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To sum up - this command will firstly load the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"integration.env")," file and then load the missing values from ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".env")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/f92986d2.114c4b29.js b/docs/assets/js/f92986d2.114c4b29.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99f4bdff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/f92986d2.114c4b29.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[49165],{49749:t=>{t.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Getting started","description":"5 minutes to learn the most important Odra concepts.","slug":"/category/getting-started","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/category/getting-started","navigation":{"previous":{"title":"Odra framework","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/"},"next":{"title":"Installation","permalink":"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation"}}}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fa4e959a.b9a69e0e.js b/docs/assets/js/fa4e959a.b9a69e0e.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..816242b2b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fa4e959a.b9a69e0e.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[21544],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function s(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var c=r.createContext({}),l=function(e){var t=r.useContext(c),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},u=function(e){var t=l(e.components);return r.createElement(c.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,u=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=l(n),d=a,f=p["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||p[d]||m[d]||o;return n?r.createElement(f,i(i({ref:t},u),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(f,i({ref:t},u))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=p;var s={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(s[c]=t[c]);s.originalType=e,s.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=s;for(var l=2;l<o;l++)i[l]=n[l];return r.createElement.apply(null,i)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},73633:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>s,toc:()=>l});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},i="Host Communication",s={unversionedId:"basics/communicating-with-host",id:"basics/communicating-with-host",title:"Host Communication",description:"How to get information from the Host",source:"@site/docs/basics/06-communicating-with-host.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/communicating-with-host",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1718615463,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 17, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:6,description:"How to get information from the Host"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Storage interaction",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction"},next:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/next/basics/testing"}},c={},l=[{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],u={toc:l};function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"host-communication"},"Host Communication"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information -\nwhat is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/host_functions.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct HostContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n created_at: Var<u64>,\n created_by: Var<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl HostContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());\n self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we are using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"self.env()"),". It is an implementation of ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/module/trait.Module.html#tymehtod.env"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Module::env()")),", autogenerated\nby ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute. The function returns a reference to the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/1.1.0/odra/struct.ContractEnv.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"ContractEnv"))," (you can read more in\nthe ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"Backend section")),"). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables. "),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In this example, we use two of them:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"get_block_time()")," - returns the current block time as u64. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller()")," - returns an Odra ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Address")," of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code\nwe presented in fact works!"))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fabdfba1.7d02e6eb.js b/docs/assets/js/fabdfba1.7d02e6eb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fdf32984a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fabdfba1.7d02e6eb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[63898],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var n=r(67294);function a(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function o(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(n=n.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,n)}return r}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var r=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(r),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,r[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(r)):o(Object(r)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(r,t))}))}return e}function l(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var r,n,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var r,n,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)r=o[n],t.indexOf(r)>=0||(a[r]=e[r]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)r=o[n],t.indexOf(r)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,r)&&(a[r]=e[r])}return a}var s=n.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=n.useContext(s),r=t;return e&&(r="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),r},c=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return n.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},p={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},t)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,t){var r=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=d(r),m=a,b=u["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||p[m]||o;return r?n.createElement(b,i(i({ref:t},c),{},{components:r})):n.createElement(b,i({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var r=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=r.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,i[1]=l;for(var d=2;d<o;d++)i[d]=r[d];return n.createElement.apply(null,i)}return n.createElement.apply(null,r)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},88672:(e,t,r)=>{r.r(t),r.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>d});var n=r(87462),a=(r(67294),r(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},i="Directory structure",l={unversionedId:"basics/directory-structure",id:"version-0.9.0/basics/directory-structure",title:"Directory structure",description:"Files and folders in the Odra project",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.0/basics/02-directory-structure.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/directory-structure",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/directory-structure",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.0",lastUpdatedAt:1712051787,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 2, 2024",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2,description:"Files and folders in the Odra project"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Cargo Odra",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/cargo-odra"},next:{title:"Odra.toml",permalink:"/docs/0.9.0/basics/odra-toml"}},s={},d=[{value:"Cargo.toml",id:"cargotoml",level:2},{value:"Odra.toml",id:"odratoml",level:2},{value:"src/",id:"src",level:2},{value:"bin/",id:"bin",level:2},{value:"target/",id:"target",level:2},{value:"wasm/",id:"wasm",level:2}],c={toc:d};function p(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,n.Z)({},c,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"directory-structure"},"Directory structure"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the\nfollowing files and directories:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},".\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.lock\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Cargo.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 CHANGELOG.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Odra.toml\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 README.md\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 rust-toolchain\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src/\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 flipper.rs\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 lib.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin/\n| |\u2500\u2500 build_contract.rs\n| \u2514\u2500\u2500 build_schema.rs\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 target/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 wasm/\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cargotoml"},"Cargo.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Let's first take a look at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," file:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[package]\nname = "sample"\nversion = "0.1.0"\nedition = "2021"\n\n[dependencies]\nodra = "0.9.0"\n\n[dev-dependencies]\nodra-test = "0.9.0"\n\n[build-dependencies]\nodra-build = "0.9.0"\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_contract"\npath = "bin/build_contract.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[[bin]]\nname = "sample_build_schema"\npath = "bin/build_schema.rs"\ntest = false\n\n[profile.release]\ncodegen-units = 1\nlto = true\n\n[profile.dev.package."*"]\nopt-level = 3\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"odra-test")," is also\nadded as a dev dependency."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"odratoml"},"Odra.toml"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[[contracts]]\nfqn = "sample::Flipper"\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"As we can see, we have a single contract, its ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fqn")," (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to\nthe contract is located in ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),".\nMore contracts can be added here by hand, or by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra generate")," command."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"src"},"src/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where your smart contract files live."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"bin"},"bin/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live.\nYou don't need to modify those files, they are generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra new")," command and\nare used by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra schema")," commands."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"target"},"target/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"wasm"},"wasm/"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"WASM files generated by ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra build")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra test")," are put here. You can grab those WASM files\nand deploy them on the blockchain."),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail,\nnamely the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Odra.toml")," file."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fb249be3.27a1f96f.js b/docs/assets/js/fb249be3.27a1f96f.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f58f3947a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fb249be3.27a1f96f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[6e4],{3905:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Zo:()=>u,kt:()=>m});var r=t(67294);function o(e,n,t){return n in e?Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[n]=t,e}function a(e,n){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);n&&(r=r.filter((function(n){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,n).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,r)}return t}function l(e){for(var n=1;n<arguments.length;n++){var t=null!=arguments[n]?arguments[n]:{};n%2?a(Object(t),!0).forEach((function(n){o(e,n,t[n])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)):a(Object(t)).forEach((function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,n))}))}return e}function i(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o=function(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t,r,o={},a=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||(o[t]=e[t]);return o}(e,n);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<a.length;r++)t=a[r],n.indexOf(t)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(o[t]=e[t])}return o}var s=r.createContext({}),d=function(e){var n=r.useContext(s),t=n;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(n):l(l({},n),e)),t},u=function(e){var n=d(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:n},e.children)},c={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var n=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},n)}},p=r.forwardRef((function(e,n){var t=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,u=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),p=d(t),m=o,f=p["".concat(s,".").concat(m)]||p[m]||c[m]||a;return t?r.createElement(f,l(l({ref:n},u),{},{components:t})):r.createElement(f,l({ref:n},u))}));function m(e,n){var t=arguments,o=n&&n.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=t.length,l=new Array(a);l[0]=p;var i={};for(var s in n)hasOwnProperty.call(n,s)&&(i[s]=n[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var d=2;d<a;d++)l[d]=t[d];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,t)}p.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},67268:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>a,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>d});var r=t(87462),o=(t(67294),t(3905));const a={sidebar_position:3},l="OwnedToken",i={unversionedId:"tutorials/owned-token",id:"version-0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token",title:"OwnedToken",description:"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token.md",sourceDirName:"tutorials",slug:"/tutorials/owned-token",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.3.0",lastUpdatedAt:1687764750,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 26, 2023",sidebarPosition:3,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:3},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"ERC-20",permalink:"/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/erc20"}},s={},d=[{value:"Code",id:"code",level:2},{value:"Module definition",id:"module-definition",level:3},{value:"Delegation",id:"delegation",level:3},{value:"Summary",id:"summary",level:2}],u={toc:d};function c(e){let{components:n,...t}=e;return(0,o.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},u,t,{components:n,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h1",{id:"ownedtoken"},"OwnedToken"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"code"},"Code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"What should our module be capable of?"),(0,o.kt)("ol",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Conform the Erc20 interface."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Allow minting tokens but only the module owner."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"module-definition"},"Module definition"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Let's define a module called ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedToken")," that is a composition of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Ownable")," and ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Erc20")," modules."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct OwnedToken {\n ownable: Ownable,\n erc20: Erc20\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"delegation"},"Delegation"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:"title=owned_token.rs showLineNumbers",title:"owned_token.rs",showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::types::{Address, Balance}\n\n...\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedToken {\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {\n let deployer = contract_env::caller();\n self.ownable.init(deployer);\n self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.name()\n }\n\n pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {\n self.erc20.symbol()\n }\n\n pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {\n self.erc20.decimals()\n }\n\n pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.total_supply()\n }\n\n pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.balance_of(address)\n }\n\n pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {\n self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)\n }\n\n pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);\n }\n\n pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.ownable.get_owner()\n }\n\n pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {\n self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);\n }\n\n pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {\n self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());\n self.erc20.mint(address, amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L10-L11")," - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once. "),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L14-L16")," - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"erc20")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L50-L52")," - The same we do with the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," module."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"L58-L61")," - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ownable")," we make sure the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"caller")," really is the owner.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that."))}c.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fcdcfd4e.79b4abcb.js b/docs/assets/js/fcdcfd4e.79b4abcb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81db08fee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fcdcfd4e.79b4abcb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[76391],{3905:(e,r,n)=>{n.d(r,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var t=n(67294);function a(e,r,n){return r in e?Object.defineProperty(e,r,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[r]=n,e}function o(e,r){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);r&&(t=t.filter((function(r){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function s(e){for(var r=1;r<arguments.length;r++){var n=null!=arguments[r]?arguments[r]:{};r%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(r){a(e,r,n[r])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(e,r,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,r))}))}return e}function i(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,a=function(e,r){if(null==e)return{};var n,t,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(t=0;t<o.length;t++)n=o[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,r);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(t=0;t<o.length;t++)n=o[t],r.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var l=t.createContext({}),p=function(e){var r=t.useContext(l),n=r;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(r):s(s({},r),e)),n},c=function(e){var r=p(e.components);return t.createElement(l.Provider,{value:r},e.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var r=e.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},r)}},u=t.forwardRef((function(e,r){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=p(n),m=a,f=u["".concat(l,".").concat(m)]||u[m]||d[m]||o;return n?t.createElement(f,s(s({ref:r},c),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(f,s({ref:r},c))}));function m(e,r){var n=arguments,a=r&&r.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,s=new Array(o);s[0]=u;var i={};for(var l in r)hasOwnProperty.call(r,l)&&(i[l]=r[l]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,s[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)s[p]=n[p];return t.createElement.apply(null,s)}return t.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},20343:(e,r,n)=>{n.r(r),n.d(r,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var t=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},s="Errors",i={unversionedId:"basics/errors",id:"version-0.9.1/basics/errors",title:"Errors",description:"Causing and handling errors",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/basics/08-errors.md",sourceDirName:"basics",slug:"/basics/errors",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/errors",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:8,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:8,description:"Causing and handling errors"},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Testing",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing"},next:{title:"Events",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/basics/events"}},l={},p=[{value:"Testing errors",id:"testing-errors",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function d(e){let{components:r,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},c,n,{components:r,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"errors"},"Errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the\nfollowing example of a simple owned contract:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::{Address, Var};\n\n#[odra::module(errors = Error)]\npub struct OwnedContract {\n name: Var<String>,\n owner: Var<Address>\n}\n\n#[odra::odra_error]\npub enum Error {\n OwnerNotSet = 1,\n NotAnOwner = 2\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl OwnedContract {\n pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {\n self.name.set(name);\n self.owner.set(self.env().caller())\n }\n\n pub fn name(&self) -> String {\n self.name.get_or_default()\n }\n\n pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {\n self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n }\n\n pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {\n let caller = self.env().caller();\n if caller != self.owner() {\n self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n }\n\n self.name.set(name);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Firstly, we are using the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::odra_error]")," attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will\nthrow. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"unwrap_or_revert_with")," and pass an error as an argument:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can also throw the error directly, by using ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"revert"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},"self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To register errors, add the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"errors")," inner attribute to the struct's ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./casper-contract-schema"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"schema")),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:"),(0,a.kt)("ol",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"An error should be a field-less enum. "),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"The enum must be annotated with ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"#[odra::odra_error]"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Avoid implicit discriminants.")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing-errors"},"Testing errors"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs"'},'#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};\n use odra::host::Deployer;\n use odra::prelude::*;\n\n #[test]\n fn test_owner_error() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let owner = test_env.get_account(0);\n let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);\n\n test_env.set_caller(owner);\n let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {\n name: "OwnedContract".to_string()\n };\n let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);\n\n test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);\n assert_eq!(\n owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),\n Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())\n );\n }\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Each ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{{ModuleName}}HostRef")," has ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_{{entry_point_name}}")," functions that return an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.rs/odra/0.9.0/odra/type.OdraResult.html"},(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"OdraResult")),".\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OwnedContractHostRef")," implements regular entrypoints: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"change_name"),", and\nand safe its safe version: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_name"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_owner"),", ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In our example, we are calling ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"try_change_name")," and expecting an error to be thrown.\nFor assertions, we are using a standard ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"assert_eq!")," macro. 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like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/odra-vm"},"OdraVM"),",\na complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/casper"},"CasperVM"),",\nor even a real blockchain - when using ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/backends/casper"},"Livenet backend"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"contract-env"},"Contract Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement,\nexposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts -\nfor example, to implement ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/basics/storage-interaction"},"Mapping"),",\nOdra requires some kind of storage integration.\nThe exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend,\nmaking Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic,\ninstead of messing with the blockchain internals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"host-env"},"Host Env"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with\nthe backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts,\nto the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail."))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fdb5f68c.d6ad3336.js b/docs/assets/js/fdb5f68c.d6ad3336.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..934389a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fdb5f68c.d6ad3336.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[37178],{3905:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>g});var r=a(67294);function n(e,t,a){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:a,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=a,e}function o(e,t){var a=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),a.push.apply(a,r)}return a}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var a=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(a),!0).forEach((function(t){n(e,t,a[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(a)):o(Object(a)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var a,r,n={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||(n[a]=e[a]);return n}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)a=o[r],t.indexOf(a)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,a)&&(n[a]=e[a])}return n}var s=r.createContext({}),c=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),a=t;return e&&(a="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),a},p=function(e){var t=c(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},d=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var a=e.components,n=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,p=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(a),g=n,m=d["".concat(s,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||o;return a?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},p),{},{components:a})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},p))}));function g(e,t){var a=arguments,n=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||n){var o=a.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:n,l[1]=i;for(var c=2;c<o;c++)l[c]=a[c];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,a)}d.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},34258:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>c});var r=a(87462),n=(a(67294),a(3905));const o={sidebar_position:1},l="Installation",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/installation",id:"version-0.4.0/getting-started/installation",title:"Installation",description:"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.4.0/getting-started/installation.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/installation",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.4.0",lastUpdatedAt:1688045346,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jun 29, 2023",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting started",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/category/getting-started"},next:{title:"Flipper example",permalink:"/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper"}},s={},c=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installing Cargo Odra",id:"installing-cargo-odra",level:2},{value:"Creating a new Odra project",id:"creating-a-new-odra-project",level:2},{value:"What's next?",id:"whats-next",level:2}],p={toc:c};function u(e){let{components:t,...a}=e;return(0,n.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},p,a,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("h1",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisites"},"Prerequisites"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Rust toolchain installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),")"),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"wasmstrip tool installed (see ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt"},"wabt"),")")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems.\nPlease refer to the documentation of the tools themselves."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n")),(0,n.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm32-unknown-uknown")," is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-cargo-odra"},"Installing Cargo Odra"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts.\nIt is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To install it, simply execute the following command:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo install cargo-odra\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra --help\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"creating-a-new-odra-project"},"Creating a new Odra project"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To create a new project, simply execute:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,'This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra\nwill create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract\nby executing:'),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo odra test -b casper\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Congratulations!")," Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during\nthe installation process, feel free to ask for help on our ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.com/invite/Mm5ABc9P8k"},"Discord"),"."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next?"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"flipper"},"Flipper example"),"."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fe2b6021.9038ba28.js b/docs/assets/js/fe2b6021.9038ba28.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e26393ac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fe2b6021.9038ba28.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[4467],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>d});var r=n(67294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?o(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){a(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):o(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}function i(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a=function(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var n,r,a={},o=Object.keys(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r<o.length;r++)n=o[r],t.indexOf(n)>=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},f=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,a=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),f=p(n),d=a,m=f["".concat(s,".").concat(d)]||f[d]||u[d]||o;return n?r.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,a=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||a){var o=n.length,l=new Array(o);l[0]=f;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:a,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)l[p]=n[p];return r.createElement.apply(null,l)}return r.createElement.apply(null,n)}f.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},36958:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>i,toc:()=>p});var r=n(87462),a=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={sidebar_position:2},l="Flipper example",i={unversionedId:"getting-started/flipper",id:"version-0.5.0/getting-started/flipper",title:"Flipper example",description:"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.5.0/getting-started/flipper.md",sourceDirName:"getting-started",slug:"/getting-started/flipper",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.5.0",lastUpdatedAt:1691663853,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Aug 10, 2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Installation",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation"},next:{title:"Basics",permalink:"/docs/0.5.0/category/basics"}},s={},p=[{value:"Let's flip",id:"lets-flip",level:2},{value:"What's next",id:"whats-next",level:2}],c={toc:p};function u(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},c,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"flipper-example"},"Flipper example"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the\n",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation"},"Installation")," tutorial, you should have this file already at ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/flipper.rs"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For further explanation of how this code works, see ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals"},"Flipper Internals"),"."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"lets-flip"},"Let's flip"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="flipper.rs" showLineNumbers',title:'"flipper.rs"',showLineNumbers:!0},"use odra::Variable;\n\n/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings\n/// or/and another modules.\n#[odra::module]\npub struct Flipper {\n /// The module itself does not store the value, \n /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.\n value: Variable<bool>,\n}\n\n/// Module implementation.\n///\n/// To generate entrypoints,\n/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].\n#[odra::module]\nimpl Flipper {\n /// Odra constructor.\n ///\n /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.\n #[odra(init)]\n pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(false);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.\n pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {\n self.value.set(value);\n }\n\n /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.\n pub fn flip(&mut self) {\n self.value.set(!self.get());\n }\n\n /// Retrieves value from the storage. \n /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.\n pub fn get(&self) -> bool {\n self.value.get_or_default()\n }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;\n\n #[test]\n fn flipping() {\n // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. \n let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract.get());\n contract.flip();\n assert!(contract.get());\n }\n\n #[test]\n fn test_two_flippers() {\n let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();\n assert!(!contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n contract1.flip();\n assert!(contract1.get());\n assert!(!contract2.get());\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"whats-next"},"What's next"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra."))}u.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fec7bf31.2c7f68ff.js b/docs/assets/js/fec7bf31.2c7f68ff.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3697b988e --- /dev/null +++ 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2023",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"What is a backend?",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/what-is-a-backend"},next:{title:"Casper",permalink:"/docs/0.7.0/backends/casper"}},s={},l=[{value:"Usage",id:"usage",level:2},{value:"Architecture",id:"architecture",level:2},{value:"Execution",id:"execution",level:2}],d={toc:l};function p(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)("wrapper",(0,r.Z)({},d,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h1",{id:"mockvm"},"MockVM"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing\nthe code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the\nblockchain."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, 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blockchain,\nthe MockVM ',(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"State")," holds only the current state of the MockVM.\nThanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself,\nMockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"execution"},"Execution"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When the MockVM backend is enabled, the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra::module]")," macro is responsible for converting\nyour ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pub")," functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container.\nWhen the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address.\nDuring the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code."),(0,a.kt)("mermaid",{value:"graph TD;\n id1[[Odra code]]--\x3eid2[Contract Container];\n id2[Contract Container]--\x3eid3((Contract Registry))\n id3((Contract Registry))--\x3eid4[(MockVM Execution)]"}))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/fed89aff.c973bc06.js b/docs/assets/js/fed89aff.c973bc06.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5bd0f13e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/fed89aff.c973bc06.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[68453],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>d});var a=n(67294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var 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a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},u=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,r=e.mdxType,o=e.originalType,c=e.parentName,p=l(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),u=s(n),d=r,g=u["".concat(c,".").concat(d)]||u[d]||m[d]||o;return n?a.createElement(g,i(i({ref:t},p),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(g,i({ref:t},p))}));function d(e,t){var n=arguments,r=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||r){var o=n.length,i=new Array(o);i[0]=u;var l={};for(var c in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,c)&&(l[c]=t[c]);l.originalType=e,l.mdxType="string"==typeof e?e:r,i[1]=l;for(var s=2;s<o;s++)i[s]=n[s];return a.createElement.apply(null,i)}return a.createElement.apply(null,n)}u.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},28983:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>i,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>s});var a=n(87462),r=(n(67294),n(3905));const o={},i="Building contracts manually",l={unversionedId:"advanced/building-manually",id:"version-0.9.1/advanced/building-manually",title:"Building contracts manually",description:"cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes",source:"@site/versioned_docs/version-0.9.1/advanced/06-building-manually.md",sourceDirName:"advanced",slug:"/advanced/building-manually",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/building-manually",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"0.9.1",lastUpdatedAt:1713174573,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 15, 2024",sidebarPosition:6,frontMatter:{},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Memory allocators",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/advanced/using-different-allocator"},next:{title:"Backends",permalink:"/docs/0.9.1/category/backends"}},c={},s=[{value:"Building the contract manually",id:"building-the-contract-manually",level:2},{value:"Optimizing the contract",id:"optimizing-the-contract",level:2},{value:"Running the tests manually",id:"running-the-tests-manually",level:2},{value:"Wrapping 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"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need\nto switch between them during the building and testing."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Knowing that ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," is a simple wrapper around ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),", it is easy to replicate\nthe same behavior by using ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo")," directly."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"building-the-contract-manually"},"Building the contract manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To build the contract manually, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the following command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Odra uses the environment variable ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ODRA_MODULE")," to determine which contract to build.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Assuming that project's crate is named ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project"),", this command will build\nthe ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," contract in release mode and generate the wasm file.\nThe file will be put into the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release")," directory under\nthe name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project_build_contract.wasm"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm")," directory, and\nto be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"optimizing-the-contract"},"Optimizing the contract"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To lower the size of the wasm file, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo odra")," uses the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-strip")," tool:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To further optimize the wasm file, the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"wasm-opt")," tool is also used."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not\nfully compatible with the Casper execution engine.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"running-the-tests-manually"},"Running the tests manually"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use.\nTo run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"wrapping-up"},"Wrapping up"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's say we want to build the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_contract")," in debug mode, run the tests against the\ncasper backend and use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my-own-allocator")," feature from our ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"my_project")," project."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To do that, we can use the following set of commands:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract\nmv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm\nwasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm\nODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator\n")))}m.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::prelude::*;\nuse odra::casper_types::U512;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet;\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {\n self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new attribute used here: ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ContractEnv::transfer_tokens()"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"HostEnv")," comes with a function -\n",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"balance_of"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n use super::PublicWalletHostRef;\n use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};\n\n #[test]\n fn test_modules() {\n let test_env = odra_test::env();\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));\n }\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); 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Odra wraps it all for you\nin easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit\ntheir funds and anyone can withdraw them:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::contract_env;\n\n#[odra::module]\npub struct PublicWallet {\n}\n\n#[odra::module]\nimpl PublicWallet {\n #[odra(payable)]\n pub fn deposit(&mut self) {\n }\n\n pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {\n contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);\n }\n}\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make\nany checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is\neven possible."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To see a more reasonable example, check out ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"examples/src/tlw.rs")," in the odra main repository.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can see a new macro used here: ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"#[odra(payable)]")," - it will add all the code needed for a function to\nbe able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"transfer_tokens"),".\nIt does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the\nspecified address."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We are also using the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Balance")," - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses\nfor counting tokens."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"testing"},"Testing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"test_env")," comes with a function -\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"token_balance"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="examples/src/features/native_token.rs"',title:'"examples/src/features/native_token.rs"'},"use odra::types::Balance;\nuse odra::test_env;\nuse super::PublicWalletDeployer;\n\n#[test]\nfn test_modules() {\n let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());\n\n my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));\n\n my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));\n assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));\n}\n")))}p.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/js/ff3976bd.eda77dfb.js b/docs/assets/js/ff3976bd.eda77dfb.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3108d23bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/js/ff3976bd.eda77dfb.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkodra_website=self.webpackChunkodra_website||[]).push([[3037],{36944:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tutorials","description":"The theory is good, but the practice is even better. 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new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20953bb9a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +<!doctype html> +<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="blog-wrapper blog-post-page plugin-blog plugin-id-default"> +<head> +<meta charset="UTF-8"> +<meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.3.1"> +<title data-rh="true">OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+

OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra

· 4 min read

OpenAI can write Odra smart contracts. +This is how.

OpenAI​

OpenAI already proved that AI can code. +Github Copilot is used by more and more developers. +Many times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is. +It would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing:

Q: Write the ERC20 smart contract.

A: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}...

So far OpenAI hasn't indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT.

Q: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts?
   Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style.

A: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not.

Soon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box, +simply because it is available on GitHub.

DaVinci Edit​

OpenAI gives us a great tool called Edit. +It uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called Codex, +OpenAI gives us access to the model code-davinci-edit-001. +It allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes. +See more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version here.

But it doesn't know Odra. +Luckily this is not a problem. +I have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want. +We simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question.

ERC20 by AI​

The goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra. +The Edit query needs two elements:

  • source code,
  • text that describes what should be changed.

As the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use. +I need odra::module, Variable, Mapping, caller(), Address, +constructor, and errors.

flipper.rs
use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    value: Variable<bool>,
    flips_count: Variable<u32>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
    messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        self.value.set(false);
        self.owner.set(owner);
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get_value());
        self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default());
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
    
    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        self.owner.get()
    }

    pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) {
        let sender = contract_env::caller();
        let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient));
        match current_msg {
            Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined),
            None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg)
        }
    }

    pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String {
        self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient))
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        MessageAlreadyDefined => 1,
        NotAnMessageSender => 2,
    }
}

ChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple.

Q: Implement another smart contract called ERC20.
   Balances should be of type U256.

This is the result.

ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI
use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256};

#[odra::module]
pub struct ERC20 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    total_supply: Variable<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ERC20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.total_supply.set(total_supply);
        self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply);
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&owner)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) {
        let from = contract_env::caller();
        let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);
        let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);
        if from_balance < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
        }
        self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);
        self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);
        let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);
        let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller));
        if from_balance < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
        }
        if allowed < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance);
        }
        self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);
        self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);
        self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value);
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Wow!

What is next?​

AI already understands smart contracts. +It had to read a lot of Solidity code. +I checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code. +Most interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew +from another programming language in the unseen Rust framework. +At some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra. +Or maybe we will not have to...

It is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/Nysa/index.html b/docs/blog/Nysa/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9023b6b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/Nysa/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Nysa | Odra + + + + + +
+

Nysa

· 9 min read

The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wrocław, Szczecin, and Gdańsk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region's ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.

The Nysa Kłodzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country's southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the Kłodzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.

Oh, wait, shouldn't it be a tech blog?

This is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment.

Odra​

A short reminder:

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ... +it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

Odra

Understanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we've kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group.

A Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as:

  • Constructors
  • Payable functions
  • Mappings
  • Reverts
  • Current caller
  • Current block time
  • A standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)
  • And more
note

It's important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain.

Ultimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust.

Having so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code?

This is where Nysa comes into play.

Nysa​

Solidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default.

Nysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps.

nysa-gen

  1. Solidity Parser

Firstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes LALRPOP - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions.

solidity-parser/src/pt.rs
// The representation of a Solidity contract
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct ContractDefinition {
    pub doc: Vec<DocComment>,
    pub loc: Loc,
    pub ty: ContractTy,
    pub name: Identifier,
    pub base: Vec<Base>,
    pub parts: Vec<ContractPart>,
}
  1. C3 Linearization

One of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says No, thx, whereas Solidity opts for The more, the better. Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with C3 linearization.

info

The primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined.

For simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an implementation of the C3 linearization in Rust written by Maciej Zieliński, so everything stays in the Odra family.

  1. Nysa Parser

After that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code.

For example, a Solidity event.

event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

can easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. 

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    from: Option<Address>,
    to: Option<Address>,
    value: U256,
}

The same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc.

Here is a snippet of the expression parser:

nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs
pub fn parse<T>(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result<syn::Expr, ParserError>
where
    T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext,
{
    match expression {
        Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx),
        Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)),
        Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx),
        Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx),
        Expression::Increment { expr } => {
            let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?;
            Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1))
        }
        Expression::ExternalCall {
            variable,
            fn_name,
            args,
        } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx),
        Expression::Type { ty } => {
            let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?;
            Ok(parse_quote!(#ty))
        }
        Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)),
        ...
    }
}

  1. Printing the code

The last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file.

And there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled!

Nysa + Odra​

By design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation.

However, the default implementation is OdraParser, which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module.

I hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler flow into Odra.

nysa-odra

Examples​

Status message​

Let's get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message.

To set up the project, we use cargo odra.

cargo odra new -n status -t blank
cd status

The first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary build.rs where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa.

Cargo.toml
[build-dependencies]
nysa = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["builder"] }
build.rs
const DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.rs";
const SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.sol";

fn main() {
    nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH);
}

Next, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one.

src/status_message.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

contract StatusMessage {
    mapping(address => string) records;

    function setStatus(string memory status) public payable {
        address accountId = msg.sender;
        records[accountId] = status;
    }

    function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) {
        return records[accountId];
    }
}

The contract has a single mapping records that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: setStatus (sets current's sender message) and getStatus.

Following, let's define a lib.rs file.

src/lib.rs
mod status_message;
pub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef};

#[cfg(test)]
mod test;

The file is straightforward: registers a status_message rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module.

Lastly, we can test our contract. +Like the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: set_message() and get_message(). +The test code looks like any other Odra test: we use StatusMessageDeployer to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract.

src/test.rs
use odra::{test_env, types::Address};
use super::*;

const ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1);

#[test]
fn set_get_message() {
    let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();

    test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT());
    contract.set_status("hello".to_string());
    assert_eq!("hello".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())));
}

#[test]
fn get_nonexistent_message() {
    let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();

    assert_eq!(
        String::new(),
        contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))
    );
}
cargo odra test # test against MockVM
# or
cargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM
status-message
├── src
│   ├── lib.rs
│   ├── status_message.sol
│   └── test.rs
├── build.rs
├── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Full example available here.

CappedErc20​

A more complex, real-world example is a CappedErc20 contract. It is a ERC20 Ownable, Burnable and Capped token contract.

plascoin.sol
// ...
// rest of the code

contract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable {
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) {
    }

    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }

    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }
}

You can check out the full source code here.

Deployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. 

# to make sure the contract works as expected 
# we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests
cargo odra test -b casper

# deploy onto the testnet
casper-client put-deploy
    --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}}
    --chain-name casper-test
    --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \
    --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \
    --payment-amount 130000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='{{name}}'" \
    --session-arg "symbol:string='{{symbol}}'" \
    --session-arg "cap:u256='{{cap}}'" \
    --session-arg "initial_owner:opt_key='{{owner}}'"

Literally in 5 minutes I was able to:

  1. Build a wasm file from Solidity source code
  2. Successfully deploy the contract onto Testnet,
  3. Mint some tokens,
  4. And transfer them.

Finally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa's efficiency.

actionCEP-18Nysa
deploy143.8793.37
transfer1.291.36

Conclusion​

Nysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/archive/index.html b/docs/blog/archive/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..708eed324 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/archive/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Archive | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/atom.xml b/docs/blog/atom.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32eb2a7f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/atom.xml @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ + + + https://odra.dev/blog + Odra Blog + 2023-08-18T00:00:00.000Z + https://github.com/jpmonette/feed + + Odra Blog + https://odra.dev/img/favicon.ico + + <![CDATA[Nysa]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/Nysa + + 2023-08-18T00:00:00.000Z + + The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wrocław, Szczecin, and Gdańsk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region's ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.

The Nysa Kłodzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country's southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the Kłodzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.

Oh, wait, shouldn't it be a tech blog?

This is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment.

Odra​

A short reminder:

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ... +it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

Odra

Understanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we've kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group.

A Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as:

  • Constructors
  • Payable functions
  • Mappings
  • Reverts
  • Current caller
  • Current block time
  • A standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)
  • And more
note

It's important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain.

Ultimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust.

Having so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code?

This is where Nysa comes into play.

Nysa​

Solidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default.

Nysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps.

nysa-gen

  1. Solidity Parser

Firstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes LALRPOP - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions.

solidity-parser/src/pt.rs
// The representation of a Solidity contract
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct ContractDefinition {
    pub doc: Vec<DocComment>,
    pub loc: Loc,
    pub ty: ContractTy,
    pub name: Identifier,
    pub base: Vec<Base>,
    pub parts: Vec<ContractPart>,
}
  1. C3 Linearization

One of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says No, thx, whereas Solidity opts for The more, the better. Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with C3 linearization.

info

The primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined.

For simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an implementation of the C3 linearization in Rust written by Maciej Zieliński, so everything stays in the Odra family.

  1. Nysa Parser

After that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code.

For example, a Solidity event.

event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

can easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. 

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    from: Option<Address>,
    to: Option<Address>,
    value: U256,
}

The same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc.

Here is a snippet of the expression parser:

nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs
pub fn parse<T>(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result<syn::Expr, ParserError>
where
    T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext,
{
    match expression {
        Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx),
        Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)),
        Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx),
        Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx),
        Expression::Increment { expr } => {
            let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?;
            Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1))
        }
        Expression::ExternalCall {
            variable,
            fn_name,
            args,
        } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx),
        Expression::Type { ty } => {
            let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?;
            Ok(parse_quote!(#ty))
        }
        Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)),
        ...
    }
}

  1. Printing the code

The last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file.

And there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled!

Nysa + Odra​

By design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation.

However, the default implementation is OdraParser, which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module.

I hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler flow into Odra.

nysa-odra

Examples​

Status message​

Let's get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message.

To set up the project, we use cargo odra.

cargo odra new -n status -t blank
cd status

The first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary build.rs where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa.

Cargo.toml
[build-dependencies]
nysa = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["builder"] }
build.rs
const DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.rs";
const SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.sol";

fn main() {
    nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH);
}

Next, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one.

src/status_message.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

contract StatusMessage {
    mapping(address => string) records;

    function setStatus(string memory status) public payable {
        address accountId = msg.sender;
        records[accountId] = status;
    }

    function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) {
        return records[accountId];
    }
}

The contract has a single mapping records that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: setStatus (sets current's sender message) and getStatus.

Following, let's define a lib.rs file.

src/lib.rs
mod status_message;
pub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef};

#[cfg(test)]
mod test;

The file is straightforward: registers a status_message rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module.

Lastly, we can test our contract. +Like the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: set_message() and get_message(). +The test code looks like any other Odra test: we use StatusMessageDeployer to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract.

src/test.rs
use odra::{test_env, types::Address};
use super::*;

const ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1);

#[test]
fn set_get_message() {
    let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();

    test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT());
    contract.set_status("hello".to_string());
    assert_eq!("hello".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())));
}

#[test]
fn get_nonexistent_message() {
    let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();

    assert_eq!(
        String::new(),
        contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))
    );
}
cargo odra test # test against MockVM
# or
cargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM
status-message
├── src
│   ├── lib.rs
│   ├── status_message.sol
│   └── test.rs
├── build.rs
├── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Full example available here.

CappedErc20​

A more complex, real-world example is a CappedErc20 contract. It is a ERC20 Ownable, Burnable and Capped token contract.

plascoin.sol
// ...
// rest of the code

contract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable {
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) {
    }

    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }

    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }
}

You can check out the full source code here.

Deployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. 

# to make sure the contract works as expected 
# we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests
cargo odra test -b casper

# deploy onto the testnet
casper-client put-deploy
    --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}}
    --chain-name casper-test
    --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \
    --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \
    --payment-amount 130000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='{{name}}'" \
    --session-arg "symbol:string='{{symbol}}'" \
    --session-arg "cap:u256='{{cap}}'" \
    --session-arg "initial_owner:opt_key='{{owner}}'"

Literally in 5 minutes I was able to:

  1. Build a wasm file from Solidity source code
  2. Successfully deploy the contract onto Testnet,
  3. Mint some tokens,
  4. And transfer them.

Finally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa's efficiency.

actionCEP-18Nysa
deploy143.8793.37
transfer1.291.36

Conclusion​

Nysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract.

]]> + + Krzysztof Pobiarżyn + https://github.com/kpob + + + + <![CDATA[It's all about the community!]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/its-all-about-the-community + + 2023-06-27T00:00:00.000Z + + Over the past months, +we have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world. +While we are proud of what we have achieved so far, +the hard part is just beginning. +Smart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra. +We are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community.

Hello Odra Community​

Whether you are a Rust developer, Solidity developer or a Casper enthusiast +we are happy to have you here, reading this blog post.

We have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy. +Now we are entering the next phase of the open source journey. +We are going to focus on the community and make sure +Odra is the best tool for the job. +Our motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is:

We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to +professionals with deadlines.

How will we do it? We are going to focus on four things:

  • Quality - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality. +We will always have tons of tests and examples.
  • Simplicity - The simplest solution is the best solution. +Odra's API needs to be simple and easy to use. +Always! +We are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design. +We believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations.
  • Reusability - No one likes to repeat itself. +We see a huge potential in Odra Modules. +In time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts, +that are battle-tested and ready to use.
  • Community - We are here to help you. +You can always reach out to us on Discord or Github.

We will help with your project​

Whether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today. +We have prepared a few examples and docs to help you get started. +Rust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal. +That was always the goal.

But we understand that it is hard to start. +We got your back.

We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding.

All you have to do is write us an email at contract@odra.dev +with a short description of your project. +We will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra. +After 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3 +smart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project.

Roadmap​

The feedback we got quite often was: +It's nice, but will it last? What's the direction of the project? +Point taken. Now we answer: We are here to stay. +We got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own +to keep us funded. We play the long game.

To systematize our work, we have prepared the roadmap. +As of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases. +It is a good balance between predictability and flexibility. +We will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed. +Everyone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement. +New proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team. +When the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases.

Odra Roadmap

]]> + + Maciej Zieliński + https://github.com/zie1ony + + + + <![CDATA[OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra + + 2023-02-27T00:00:00.000Z + + OpenAI can write Odra smart contracts. +This is how.

OpenAI​

OpenAI already proved that AI can code. +Github Copilot is used by more and more developers. +Many times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is. +It would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing:

Q: Write the ERC20 smart contract.

A: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}...

So far OpenAI hasn't indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT.

Q: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts?
   Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style.

A: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not.

Soon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box, +simply because it is available on GitHub.

DaVinci Edit​

OpenAI gives us a great tool called Edit. +It uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called Codex, +OpenAI gives us access to the model code-davinci-edit-001. +It allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes. +See more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version here.

But it doesn't know Odra. +Luckily this is not a problem. +I have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want. +We simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question.

ERC20 by AI​

The goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra. +The Edit query needs two elements:

  • source code,
  • text that describes what should be changed.

As the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use. +I need odra::module, Variable, Mapping, caller(), Address, +constructor, and errors.

flipper.rs
use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    value: Variable<bool>,
    flips_count: Variable<u32>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
    messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        self.value.set(false);
        self.owner.set(owner);
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get_value());
        self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default());
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
    
    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        self.owner.get()
    }

    pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) {
        let sender = contract_env::caller();
        let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient));
        match current_msg {
            Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined),
            None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg)
        }
    }

    pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String {
        self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient))
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        MessageAlreadyDefined => 1,
        NotAnMessageSender => 2,
    }
}

ChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple.

Q: Implement another smart contract called ERC20.
   Balances should be of type U256.

This is the result.

ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI
use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256};

#[odra::module]
pub struct ERC20 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    total_supply: Variable<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ERC20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.total_supply.set(total_supply);
        self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply);
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&owner)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) {
        let from = contract_env::caller();
        let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);
        let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);
        if from_balance < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
        }
        self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);
        self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);
        let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);
        let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller));
        if from_balance < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
        }
        if allowed < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance);
        }
        self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);
        self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);
        self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value);
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Wow!

What is next?​

AI already understands smart contracts. +It had to read a lot of Solidity code. +I checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code. +Most interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew +from another programming language in the unseen Rust framework. +At some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra. +Or maybe we will not have to...

It is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond.

]]> + + Maciej Zieliński + https://github.com/zie1ony + + + + <![CDATA[Odra + CosmWasm]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/odra-cosmwasm + + 2023-02-15T00:00:00.000Z + + In November 2022 we released the first version of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.

CosmWasm​

CosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem. +The platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code.

It uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend. +There are many blockchains like Osmosis, Secret Network, Juno that utilize CosmWasm.

Show me your code​

I would like to write a Counter smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible. +What are the requirements?

  1. It should store a u32 value.
  2. The initial value it set by the contract deployer.
  3. The value can be incremented.
  4. The value can read from the storage.
  5. The contract can call another contract and increment its counter.

So let's write an Odra module first.

counter.rs
use odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env};
use self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Counter {
    pub value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
        <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init {
            value,
        });
    }

    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        let old_value = self.value.get_or_default();
        let new_value = old_value + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
        
        ValueUpdated {
            old_value,
            new_value,
            operator: contract_env::caller()
        }.emit();
    }

    pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) {
        CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

mod events {
    use odra::types::Address;

    #[derive(odra::Event)]
    pub struct ValueUpdated {
        pub old_value: u32,
        pub new_value: u32,
        pub operator: Address
    }
    
    #[derive(odra::Event)]
    pub struct Init {
        pub value: u32,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn deploy() {
        let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);
        assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value());
    }

    #[test]
    fn increment() {
        let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);
        counter.increment();
        assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value());
    }
}

But wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I?

Here the beauty of Odra comes into play.

Let's use cargo-odra.

cargo odra build -b cosmos

And... that's it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract. +As you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the -b flag.

Deploy​

We have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract?

As a battlefield let's choose Juno Network (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this Quick Start tutorial). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone wasmd, and its interface is alike.

Assuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let's move to the fun part.

But before we go, to keep things simple, let's prepare a justfile. It'll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See full version.

justfile
NODE := "--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443"
CHAIN_ID := "--chain-id uni-6"
QUERY_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID
TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := "--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block"
EXEC_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID + " " + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS

get-address NAME:
    junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.*

store-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER:
    junod tx wasm store \
    {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

init-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME:
    junod tx wasm instantiate \
    {{CODE_ID}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "init", "args": [ { "value" : {{VALUE}} }]}'` \
    --label '{{CONTRACT_NAME}}' --from {{SENDER}} \
    --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \
    {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

exec-increment ADDRESS SENDER:
    junod tx wasm execute \
    {{ADDRESS}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "increment"}'` \
    --from {{SENDER}}  \
    {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

query-get-value ADDRESS:
    junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "get_value"}'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}}

Ok, we are ready to go.

First, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that).

There are three ways to interact with a contract.

  1. Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address.
  2. Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state.
  3. Query - read the contract's state.

Now, let's take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared.

# args: 
# the path to a wasm file,
# the name under we store the private key.
just store-wasm counter.wasm odra

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"store_code","attributes":[{"key":"code_checksum","value":"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B

Great, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the code_id which we will use to initialize the contract.

# args: 
# code id taken from the previous tx, 
# counter initial value, 
# named private key,
# contract label.
just init-contract 286 1 odra "My Counter"

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"instantiate","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]},{"type":"wasm-Init","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26

Fantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g. +It's time to increment the counter.

# args:
# contract address taken from the previous tx,
# named private key
just exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"execute","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"action","value":"increment"}]},{"type":"wasm-ValueUpdated","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"old_value","value":"1"},{"key":"new_value","value":"2"},{"key":"operator","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2

Finally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once).

# args:
# contract address
just query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g

data: 2

Indeed, as expected the current counter value is 2.

Show me your transaction​

I get it, you don't want to do it all by yourself. So let's take a closer look at one of my transactions.

junod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6
...
logs:
- events:
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    type: execute
  - attributes:
    - key: action
      value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract
    - key: module
      value: wasm
    - key: sender
      value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh
    type: message
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    - key: action
      value: increment
    type: wasm
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    - key: old_value
      value: "1"
    - key: new_value
      value: "2"
    - key: operator
      value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh
    type: wasm-ValueUpdated
...
txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2

If you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing +the performed action (increment) (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute). +We can find here also our ValueUpdated event with its arguments old_value, new_value and operator.

Wow, we have it, everything worked as intended!

Conclusion​

Wouldn't it be great to replace Casper Erc20 and Cosmos Erc20 with a super-simple +single Odra Erc20 implementation?

The Counter contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us. +This simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls +can be unified in a simple readable interface.

CosmWasm integration hasn't been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself, +check our GitHub (don't forget to update cargo-odra as well).

Join us​

Interested?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + Krzysztof Pobiarżyn + https://github.com/kpob + + + + <![CDATA[EVM at Risc0]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/evm-at-risc0 + + 2023-02-13T00:00:00.000Z + + Let's run Solidity code inside SputnikVM inside Risc0.

First make sure you know how Risc0 works. +My previous post explains it.

If you want to jump directly to the full code example, it's in the repo.

Solidity​

As an example, I have this simple Solidity code. +It is a calculator with two functions. +One for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number.

bytecode/Calculator.sol
contract Calculator {
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) {
        if (n <= 1) {
            return n;
        } else {
            return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
        }
    }
}

It needs to be compiled into the byte code. solc can do this.

$ solc \
    --bin-runtime \
    --optimize \
    --overwrite \
    --evm-version istanbul \
    --output-dir bytecode \
    bytecode/Calculator.sol

It produces an EVM bytecode in the bytecode directory.

$ ls bytecode/
Calculator.bin-runtime  Calculator.sol

EVM​

The EVM I used is SputnikVM. +Most important it is written in pure Rust and even with no_std mode. +This way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM. +Then take the bytecode of a contract and install it. +Finally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value. +For now, it's just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later.

The code is based on Sputnik's benchmark test. +Huge thanks to Michael Birch for helping with Sputnik. +Also make sure how EVM's function selectors work.

evm-runner/src/lib.rs

// Load previously compiled Calculator contract.
pub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!(
    "../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime"
);

// Run Calculator for a given input.
pub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String {
    run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input)
}

// Run a program (contract) for a given input. 
fn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String {

    // Define EVM configuration.
    let config = Config::istanbul();
    let vicinity = MemoryVicinity {
        gas_price: U256::zero(),
        origin: H160::default(),
        block_hashes: Vec::new(),
        block_number: Default::default(),
        block_coinbase: Default::default(),
        block_timestamp: Default::default(),
        block_difficulty: Default::default(),
        block_gas_limit: Default::default(),
        chain_id: U256::one(),
        block_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(),
    };

    // Initialized the state of EVM's memory.
    let mut state = BTreeMap::new();

    // Add our contract under the 0x10 address.
    state.insert(
        H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        MemoryAccount {
            nonce: U256::one(),
            balance: U256::from(10000000),
            storage: BTreeMap::new(),
            code: hex::decode(program).unwrap(),
        }
    );

    // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller.
    state.insert(
        H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        MemoryAccount {
            nonce: U256::one(),
            balance: U256::from(10000000),
            storage: BTreeMap::new(),
            code: Vec::new(),
        },
    );

    // Prepare the executor.
    let backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state);
    let metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config);
    let state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend);
    let precompiles = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut executor 
        = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles);

    // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user.
    // Use the input variable. 
    let (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call(
        H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        U256::zero(),
        hex::decode(input).unwrap(),
        u64::MAX,
        Vec::new(),
    );

    // Make sure the execution succeeded.
    assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned));
    
    // Return hex encoded string.
    hex::encode(result)
}

Let's execute it. In below tests the data variable hold two things: +function selector and arguments.

For example 61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a +is concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument. +It is just fibonacci(10). a is hex of 10 and 37 is hex of 52.

evm-runner/src/lib.rs
#[test]
fn fibonacci_works() {
    let data = "61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a";
    let result = run_calc_contract(data);
    assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037");  
}

#[test]
fn addition_works() {
    let data = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";
    let result = run_calc_contract(data);
    assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009");
}

Risc0​

It's time for risc0.

First the guest program. +It is super simple. +It takes a string as an argument, +passes it to the run_calc_contract +and returns the result.

methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs
#![no_main]
#![no_std]

extern crate alloc;

use alloc::{string::String};
use risc0_zkvm::guest::{env};
use evm_runner::run_calc_contract;

risc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main);

pub fn main() {
    let input: String = env::read();
    let result = run_calc_contract(&input);
    env::commit(&result);
}

The final step is calling it under ZK.

host/src/main.rs
fn main() {
    println!("Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)");
    let input = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";
    let result = run_prover(input);
    println!("Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}");
    
    println!("Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)");
    let input = "61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004";
    let result = run_prover(input);
    println!("Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}");
}

fn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 {
    // Make the prover.
    let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap();
    let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap();

    // Push the input as an argument.
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice());
    
    // Execute the prover.
    let receipt = prover.run().unwrap();
    
    // Verify the proof.
    assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok());
    
    // Return result as an u32 value.
    let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap();
    u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap()
}
$ cargo run --release -p host
Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)
Proof generated. 7 + 2 = 9
Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)
Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3

Conclusion​

How amazing and mindblowing it is! +Of course, it's just a proof of concept. +Yet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and +with more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising.

Join us​

Interested?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + Maciej Zieliński + https://github.com/zie1ony + + + + <![CDATA[Zero Knowledge on Casper]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/casper-zk-risc0 + + 2022-12-12T00:00:00.000Z + + In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.

Zero Knowledge​

In my opinion, the zero knowledge (ZK) is the largest revolution in +blockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based +smart contracts. +To put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before:

  1. Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain +and put the result on a chain with the proof.
  2. Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it.

Risc Zero​

I'd like to introduce you to Risc Zero. +It is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine. +Go ahead and spend time reading their website! +For us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM. +Sooo... we can run it on Casper :) +Yes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper's +smart contract for verification.

Example​

Let's dive into the example to see how it works. +The full example code +you can find on our GitHub. +It is based on Risc Zero's Hello, Multiply! +example. So make sure you understand it first. +Guest and Prover sections are taken from this example.

Guest​

The program we are proving is called a guest in Risc Zero. +Our goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number. +Given a and b below guest program computes a * b and produces +a proof of computation.

methods/guest/src/multiply.rs
pub fn main() {
    // Load the first number from the host
    let a: u64 = env::read();
    // Load the second number from the host
    let b: u64 = env::read();
    // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors)
    if a == 1 || b == 1 {
        panic!("Trivial factors")
    }
    // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow
    let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect("Integer overflow");
    env::commit(&product);
}

Prover​

It's time to run the guest program and build the proof for +a specific a and b values.

prover/src/main.rs
fn main() {
    // Pick two numbers.
    let a: u64 = 17;
    let b: u64 = 23;

    // First, we make the prover, loading the 'multiply' method.
    let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH)
        .expect("Method code should be present at the specified path.");
    let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID)
        .expect("Prover should be constructed.",);

    // Next we send a & b to the guest.
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice());
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice());
    
    // Run prover & generate receipt
    let receipt = prover.run()
        .expect("Valid code should be provable.");

    // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b)
    let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal)
        .expect("Journal output should deserialize.");

    // Print an assertion
    println!("I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!", c);

    // Verify receipt, panic if it's wrong.
    receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect(
        "Code you have proven should successfully verify.",
    );

    // Convert journal to string and store on disk.
    let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/journal", &journal);

    // Convert seal to string and store on disk.
    let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/seal", &seal);

    // Convert method_id to string and store on disk.
    let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/method", &result);
}

Verifier​

Now the verification step. +Given the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method), +Casper's smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written +just for the demonstration, but in general you want METHOD_ID to be +stored in your contract and both SEAL and JOURNAL to be passed to +the contract via arguments from the outside.

verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs
// Import the proof and the method.
const METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!("../../data/method");
const SEAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/seal");
const JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/journal");

// Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. 
#[odra::module]
pub struct Verifier {
    result: Variable<String>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Verifier {
    // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification.
    pub fn verify(&mut self) {
        let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID);
        self.result.set(result);
    }

    // Result getter.
    pub fn result(&self) -> String {
        self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from("Not processed"))
    }
}

// The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it.
fn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String {
    let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id);

    match result {
        Ok(()) => String::from("Ok"),
        Err(err) => format!("Error: {}", err.to_string())
    }
}

Livenet results​

I have deployed it to the testnet and called the verify method. +The result was Ok. Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper. +Trustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :)

The cost of running the verify method is 2324 CSPR. That's a lot, but +we have to start somewhere.

What next​

I think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving +this forward. The community should discuss:

  1. Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over +to Casper.
  2. Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper's FFI.
  3. Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome +open-source project and gain the ZK expertise.

Join us​

Interested in zero knowledge on Casper?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + Maciej Zieliński + https://github.com/zie1ony + + + + <![CDATA[Odra 0.2.0 Released]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/release-020 + + 2022-11-30T00:00:00.000Z + + We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!

A bit of history​

More than a year ago Maciej Zieliński resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at CasperLabs. +Along with Krzysztof Pobiarżyn and Kuba Płaskonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts.

Looking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes. +The first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now. +It has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling. +Whenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols. +Fascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain. +The second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly. +Here developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near. +The code written for one platform is not portable. +The network effect never had a chance to arise.

The main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability. +We could paraphrase a bit and say: +"One to bring them all and in the code bind them."

Odra for Casper​

The very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper. +In comparison to casper-contract API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level. +The Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, Ink, or Near will feel like at home. +We hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper.

Odra Framework​

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. +Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. +It's free and open source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. +We can do it by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. +These are type system, storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. +We believe it will bring standardization to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this ecosystem.

Let’s look at a Flipper contract, that holds a boolean value. +The contract has a constructor that sets the initial value, and two entry points: flip() and get(), to change and query the current value, respectively.

use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {

    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

It comes with the CLI tool cargo-odra that makes it easy to use Odra.

cargo-odra

Neat and simple, isn't it? Do you like it? Start flowing with us!

What next​

Let's be honest, we are just starting. +The codebase is still hot. +On the other hand, we are happy with the interfaces we designed. +Now is the time to write documentation and tutorials. +We are also building the modules library inspired by OpenZeppelin. +The security code audit is still ahead of us.

Join us​

Check out the Odra GitHub repository for more info on how to get the most out of Odra. +Should you have questions, join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + Kuba Płaskonka + https://github.com/kubaplas + + + Krzysztof Pobiarżyn + https://github.com/kpob + + + Maciej Zieliński + https://github.com/zie1ony + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/casper-zk-risc0/index.html b/docs/blog/casper-zk-risc0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..baae879f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/casper-zk-risc0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + + + +Zero Knowledge on Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+

Zero Knowledge on Casper

· 5 min read

In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.

Zero Knowledge​

In my opinion, the zero knowledge (ZK) is the largest revolution in +blockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based +smart contracts. +To put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before:

  1. Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain +and put the result on a chain with the proof.
  2. Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it.

Risc Zero​

I'd like to introduce you to Risc Zero. +It is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine. +Go ahead and spend time reading their website! +For us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM. +Sooo... we can run it on Casper :) +Yes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper's +smart contract for verification.

Example​

Let's dive into the example to see how it works. +The full example code +you can find on our GitHub. +It is based on Risc Zero's Hello, Multiply! +example. So make sure you understand it first. +Guest and Prover sections are taken from this example.

Guest​

The program we are proving is called a guest in Risc Zero. +Our goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number. +Given a and b below guest program computes a * b and produces +a proof of computation.

methods/guest/src/multiply.rs
pub fn main() {
    // Load the first number from the host
    let a: u64 = env::read();
    // Load the second number from the host
    let b: u64 = env::read();
    // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors)
    if a == 1 || b == 1 {
        panic!("Trivial factors")
    }
    // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow
    let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect("Integer overflow");
    env::commit(&product);
}

Prover​

It's time to run the guest program and build the proof for +a specific a and b values.

prover/src/main.rs
fn main() {
    // Pick two numbers.
    let a: u64 = 17;
    let b: u64 = 23;

    // First, we make the prover, loading the 'multiply' method.
    let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH)
        .expect("Method code should be present at the specified path.");
    let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID)
        .expect("Prover should be constructed.",);

    // Next we send a & b to the guest.
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice());
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice());
    
    // Run prover & generate receipt
    let receipt = prover.run()
        .expect("Valid code should be provable.");

    // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b)
    let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal)
        .expect("Journal output should deserialize.");

    // Print an assertion
    println!("I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!", c);

    // Verify receipt, panic if it's wrong.
    receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect(
        "Code you have proven should successfully verify.",
    );

    // Convert journal to string and store on disk.
    let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/journal", &journal);

    // Convert seal to string and store on disk.
    let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/seal", &seal);

    // Convert method_id to string and store on disk.
    let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/method", &result);
}

Verifier​

Now the verification step. +Given the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method), +Casper's smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written +just for the demonstration, but in general you want METHOD_ID to be +stored in your contract and both SEAL and JOURNAL to be passed to +the contract via arguments from the outside.

verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs
// Import the proof and the method.
const METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!("../../data/method");
const SEAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/seal");
const JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/journal");

// Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. 
#[odra::module]
pub struct Verifier {
    result: Variable<String>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Verifier {
    // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification.
    pub fn verify(&mut self) {
        let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID);
        self.result.set(result);
    }

    // Result getter.
    pub fn result(&self) -> String {
        self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from("Not processed"))
    }
}

// The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it.
fn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String {
    let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id);

    match result {
        Ok(()) => String::from("Ok"),
        Err(err) => format!("Error: {}", err.to_string())
    }
}

Livenet results​

I have deployed it to the testnet and called the verify method. +The result was Ok. Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper. +Trustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :)

The cost of running the verify method is 2324 CSPR. That's a lot, but +we have to start somewhere.

What next​

I think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving +this forward. The community should discuss:

  1. Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over +to Casper.
  2. Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper's FFI.
  3. Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome +open-source project and gain the ZK expertise.

Join us​

Interested in zero knowledge on Casper?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/evm-at-risc0/index.html b/docs/blog/evm-at-risc0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5397a1efb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/evm-at-risc0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +EVM at Risc0 | Odra + + + + + +
+

EVM at Risc0

· 4 min read

Let's run Solidity code inside SputnikVM inside Risc0.

First make sure you know how Risc0 works. +My previous post explains it.

If you want to jump directly to the full code example, it's in the repo.

Solidity​

As an example, I have this simple Solidity code. +It is a calculator with two functions. +One for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number.

bytecode/Calculator.sol
contract Calculator {
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) {
        if (n <= 1) {
            return n;
        } else {
            return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
        }
    }
}

It needs to be compiled into the byte code. solc can do this.

$ solc \
    --bin-runtime \
    --optimize \
    --overwrite \
    --evm-version istanbul \
    --output-dir bytecode \
    bytecode/Calculator.sol

It produces an EVM bytecode in the bytecode directory.

$ ls bytecode/
Calculator.bin-runtime  Calculator.sol

EVM​

The EVM I used is SputnikVM. +Most important it is written in pure Rust and even with no_std mode. +This way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM. +Then take the bytecode of a contract and install it. +Finally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value. +For now, it's just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later.

The code is based on Sputnik's benchmark test. +Huge thanks to Michael Birch for helping with Sputnik. +Also make sure how EVM's function selectors work.

evm-runner/src/lib.rs

// Load previously compiled Calculator contract.
pub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!(
    "../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime"
);

// Run Calculator for a given input.
pub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String {
    run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input)
}

// Run a program (contract) for a given input. 
fn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String {

    // Define EVM configuration.
    let config = Config::istanbul();
    let vicinity = MemoryVicinity {
        gas_price: U256::zero(),
        origin: H160::default(),
        block_hashes: Vec::new(),
        block_number: Default::default(),
        block_coinbase: Default::default(),
        block_timestamp: Default::default(),
        block_difficulty: Default::default(),
        block_gas_limit: Default::default(),
        chain_id: U256::one(),
        block_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(),
    };

    // Initialized the state of EVM's memory.
    let mut state = BTreeMap::new();

    // Add our contract under the 0x10 address.
    state.insert(
        H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        MemoryAccount {
            nonce: U256::one(),
            balance: U256::from(10000000),
            storage: BTreeMap::new(),
            code: hex::decode(program).unwrap(),
        }
    );

    // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller.
    state.insert(
        H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        MemoryAccount {
            nonce: U256::one(),
            balance: U256::from(10000000),
            storage: BTreeMap::new(),
            code: Vec::new(),
        },
    );

    // Prepare the executor.
    let backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state);
    let metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config);
    let state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend);
    let precompiles = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut executor 
        = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles);

    // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user.
    // Use the input variable. 
    let (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call(
        H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        U256::zero(),
        hex::decode(input).unwrap(),
        u64::MAX,
        Vec::new(),
    );

    // Make sure the execution succeeded.
    assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned));
    
    // Return hex encoded string.
    hex::encode(result)
}

Let's execute it. In below tests the data variable hold two things: +function selector and arguments.

For example 61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a +is concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument. +It is just fibonacci(10). a is hex of 10 and 37 is hex of 52.

evm-runner/src/lib.rs
#[test]
fn fibonacci_works() {
    let data = "61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a";
    let result = run_calc_contract(data);
    assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037");  
}

#[test]
fn addition_works() {
    let data = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";
    let result = run_calc_contract(data);
    assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009");
}

Risc0​

It's time for risc0.

First the guest program. +It is super simple. +It takes a string as an argument, +passes it to the run_calc_contract +and returns the result.

methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs
#![no_main]
#![no_std]

extern crate alloc;

use alloc::{string::String};
use risc0_zkvm::guest::{env};
use evm_runner::run_calc_contract;

risc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main);

pub fn main() {
    let input: String = env::read();
    let result = run_calc_contract(&input);
    env::commit(&result);
}

The final step is calling it under ZK.

host/src/main.rs
fn main() {
    println!("Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)");
    let input = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";
    let result = run_prover(input);
    println!("Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}");
    
    println!("Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)");
    let input = "61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004";
    let result = run_prover(input);
    println!("Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}");
}

fn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 {
    // Make the prover.
    let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap();
    let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap();

    // Push the input as an argument.
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice());
    
    // Execute the prover.
    let receipt = prover.run().unwrap();
    
    // Verify the proof.
    assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok());
    
    // Return result as an u32 value.
    let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap();
    u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap()
}
$ cargo run --release -p host
Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)
Proof generated. 7 + 2 = 9
Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)
Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3

Conclusion​

How amazing and mindblowing it is! +Of course, it's just a proof of concept. +Yet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and +with more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising.

Join us​

Interested?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/index.html b/docs/blog/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9c667232 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Blog | Odra + + + + + +
+

· 9 min read

The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wrocław, Szczecin, and Gdańsk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region's ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.

The Nysa Kłodzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country's southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the Kłodzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.

Oh, wait, shouldn't it be a tech blog?

This is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment.

· 3 min read

Over the past months, +we have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world. +While we are proud of what we have achieved so far, +the hard part is just beginning. +Smart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra. +We are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/its-all-about-the-community/index.html b/docs/blog/its-all-about-the-community/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9e01e8c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/its-all-about-the-community/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + + + + + +It's all about the community! | Odra + + + + + +
+

It's all about the community!

· 3 min read

Over the past months, +we have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world. +While we are proud of what we have achieved so far, +the hard part is just beginning. +Smart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra. +We are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community.

Hello Odra Community​

Whether you are a Rust developer, Solidity developer or a Casper enthusiast +we are happy to have you here, reading this blog post.

We have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy. +Now we are entering the next phase of the open source journey. +We are going to focus on the community and make sure +Odra is the best tool for the job. +Our motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is:

We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to +professionals with deadlines.

How will we do it? We are going to focus on four things:

  • Quality - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality. +We will always have tons of tests and examples.
  • Simplicity - The simplest solution is the best solution. +Odra's API needs to be simple and easy to use. +Always! +We are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design. +We believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations.
  • Reusability - No one likes to repeat itself. +We see a huge potential in Odra Modules. +In time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts, +that are battle-tested and ready to use.
  • Community - We are here to help you. +You can always reach out to us on Discord or Github.

We will help with your project​

Whether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today. +We have prepared a few examples and docs to help you get started. +Rust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal. +That was always the goal.

But we understand that it is hard to start. +We got your back.

We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding.

All you have to do is write us an email at contract@odra.dev +with a short description of your project. +We will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra. +After 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3 +smart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project.

Roadmap​

The feedback we got quite often was: +It's nice, but will it last? What's the direction of the project? +Point taken. Now we answer: We are here to stay. +We got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own +to keep us funded. We play the long game.

To systematize our work, we have prepared the roadmap. +As of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases. +It is a good balance between predictability and flexibility. +We will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed. +Everyone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement. +New proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team. +When the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases.

Odra Roadmap

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/odra-cosmwasm/index.html b/docs/blog/odra-cosmwasm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77d4e955d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/odra-cosmwasm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + +Odra + CosmWasm | Odra + + + + + +
+

Odra + CosmWasm

· 6 min read

In November 2022 we released the first version of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.

CosmWasm​

CosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem. +The platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code.

It uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend. +There are many blockchains like Osmosis, Secret Network, Juno that utilize CosmWasm.

Show me your code​

I would like to write a Counter smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible. +What are the requirements?

  1. It should store a u32 value.
  2. The initial value it set by the contract deployer.
  3. The value can be incremented.
  4. The value can read from the storage.
  5. The contract can call another contract and increment its counter.

So let's write an Odra module first.

counter.rs
use odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env};
use self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Counter {
    pub value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
        <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init {
            value,
        });
    }

    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        let old_value = self.value.get_or_default();
        let new_value = old_value + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
        
        ValueUpdated {
            old_value,
            new_value,
            operator: contract_env::caller()
        }.emit();
    }

    pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) {
        CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

mod events {
    use odra::types::Address;

    #[derive(odra::Event)]
    pub struct ValueUpdated {
        pub old_value: u32,
        pub new_value: u32,
        pub operator: Address
    }
    
    #[derive(odra::Event)]
    pub struct Init {
        pub value: u32,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn deploy() {
        let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);
        assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value());
    }

    #[test]
    fn increment() {
        let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);
        counter.increment();
        assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value());
    }
}

But wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I?

Here the beauty of Odra comes into play.

Let's use cargo-odra.

cargo odra build -b cosmos

And... that's it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract. +As you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the -b flag.

Deploy​

We have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract?

As a battlefield let's choose Juno Network (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this Quick Start tutorial). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone wasmd, and its interface is alike.

Assuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let's move to the fun part.

But before we go, to keep things simple, let's prepare a justfile. It'll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See full version.

justfile
NODE := "--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443"
CHAIN_ID := "--chain-id uni-6"
QUERY_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID
TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := "--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block"
EXEC_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID + " " + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS

get-address NAME:
    junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.*

store-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER:
    junod tx wasm store \
    {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

init-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME:
    junod tx wasm instantiate \
    {{CODE_ID}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "init", "args": [ { "value" : {{VALUE}} }]}'` \
    --label '{{CONTRACT_NAME}}' --from {{SENDER}} \
    --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \
    {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

exec-increment ADDRESS SENDER:
    junod tx wasm execute \
    {{ADDRESS}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "increment"}'` \
    --from {{SENDER}}  \
    {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

query-get-value ADDRESS:
    junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "get_value"}'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}}

Ok, we are ready to go.

First, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that).

There are three ways to interact with a contract.

  1. Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address.
  2. Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state.
  3. Query - read the contract's state.

Now, let's take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared.

# args: 
# the path to a wasm file,
# the name under we store the private key.
just store-wasm counter.wasm odra

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"store_code","attributes":[{"key":"code_checksum","value":"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B

Great, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the code_id which we will use to initialize the contract.

# args: 
# code id taken from the previous tx, 
# counter initial value, 
# named private key,
# contract label.
just init-contract 286 1 odra "My Counter"

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"instantiate","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]},{"type":"wasm-Init","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26

Fantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g. +It's time to increment the counter.

# args:
# contract address taken from the previous tx,
# named private key
just exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"execute","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"action","value":"increment"}]},{"type":"wasm-ValueUpdated","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"old_value","value":"1"},{"key":"new_value","value":"2"},{"key":"operator","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2

Finally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once).

# args:
# contract address
just query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g

data: 2

Indeed, as expected the current counter value is 2.

Show me your transaction​

I get it, you don't want to do it all by yourself. So let's take a closer look at one of my transactions.

junod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6
...
logs:
- events:
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    type: execute
  - attributes:
    - key: action
      value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract
    - key: module
      value: wasm
    - key: sender
      value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh
    type: message
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    - key: action
      value: increment
    type: wasm
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    - key: old_value
      value: "1"
    - key: new_value
      value: "2"
    - key: operator
      value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh
    type: wasm-ValueUpdated
...
txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2

If you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing +the performed action (increment) (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute). +We can find here also our ValueUpdated event with its arguments old_value, new_value and operator.

Wow, we have it, everything worked as intended!

Conclusion​

Wouldn't it be great to replace Casper Erc20 and Cosmos Erc20 with a super-simple +single Odra Erc20 implementation?

The Counter contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us. +This simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls +can be unified in a simple readable interface.

CosmWasm integration hasn't been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself, +check our GitHub (don't forget to update cargo-odra as well).

Join us​

Interested?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/release-020/index.html b/docs/blog/release-020/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..737902468 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/release-020/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + + + +Odra 0.2.0 Released | Odra + + + + + +
+

Odra 0.2.0 Released

· 4 min read

We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!

A bit of history​

More than a year ago Maciej Zieliński resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at CasperLabs. +Along with Krzysztof Pobiarżyn and Kuba Płaskonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts.

Looking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes. +The first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now. +It has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling. +Whenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols. +Fascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain. +The second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly. +Here developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near. +The code written for one platform is not portable. +The network effect never had a chance to arise.

The main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability. +We could paraphrase a bit and say: +"One to bring them all and in the code bind them."

Odra for Casper​

The very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper. +In comparison to casper-contract API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level. +The Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, Ink, or Near will feel like at home. +We hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper.

Odra Framework​

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. +Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. +It's free and open source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. +We can do it by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. +These are type system, storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. +We believe it will bring standardization to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this ecosystem.

Let’s look at a Flipper contract, that holds a boolean value. +The contract has a constructor that sets the initial value, and two entry points: flip() and get(), to change and query the current value, respectively.

use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {

    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

It comes with the CLI tool cargo-odra that makes it easy to use Odra.

cargo-odra

Neat and simple, isn't it? Do you like it? Start flowing with us!

What next​

Let's be honest, we are just starting. +The codebase is still hot. +On the other hand, we are happy with the interfaces we designed. +Now is the time to write documentation and tutorials. +We are also building the modules library inspired by OpenZeppelin. +The security code audit is still ahead of us.

Join us​

Check out the Odra GitHub repository for more info on how to get the most out of Odra. +Should you have questions, join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/blog/rss.xml b/docs/blog/rss.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1378d854 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/blog/rss.xml @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ + + + + Odra Blog + https://odra.dev/blog + Odra Blog + Fri, 18 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT + https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html + https://github.com/jpmonette/feed + en + + <![CDATA[Nysa]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/Nysa + https://odra.dev/blog/Nysa + Fri, 18 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT + + The Oder River, known as "Odra" in Polish, is one of the major rivers in Poland. It flows for approximately 854 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and flowing through southwestern Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea. The river is a vital transportation route, connecting several Polish cities, including Wrocław, Szczecin, and Gdańsk, to international waterways. The Oder also plays a significant role in the region's ecology, supporting diverse habitats and species. Its watershed area spans multiple countries, making it a part of various international cooperation initiatives aimed at water management and environmental conservation.

The Nysa Kłodzka is a significant river in Poland, flowing through the country's southwestern part. It travels approximately 188 kilometers, originating in the Czech Republic and merging with the Oder River in Poland. The river passes through picturesque landscapes, including the Kłodzko Valley, and plays a crucial role in local ecosystems. Its waters are harnessed for various purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.

Oh, wait, shouldn't it be a tech blog?

This is a valid question, we will get back to it in a moment.

Odra​

A short reminder:

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ... +it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

Odra

Understanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we've kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group.

A Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as:

  • Constructors
  • Payable functions
  • Mappings
  • Reverts
  • Current caller
  • Current block time
  • A standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)
  • And more
note

It's important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain.

Ultimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust.

Having so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code?

This is where Nysa comes into play.

Nysa​

Solidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default.

Nysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps.

nysa-gen

  1. Solidity Parser

Firstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes LALRPOP - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions.

solidity-parser/src/pt.rs
// The representation of a Solidity contract
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct ContractDefinition {
    pub doc: Vec<DocComment>,
    pub loc: Loc,
    pub ty: ContractTy,
    pub name: Identifier,
    pub base: Vec<Base>,
    pub parts: Vec<ContractPart>,
}
  1. C3 Linearization

One of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says No, thx, whereas Solidity opts for The more, the better. Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with C3 linearization.

info

The primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined.

For simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an implementation of the C3 linearization in Rust written by Maciej Zieliński, so everything stays in the Odra family.

  1. Nysa Parser

After that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code.

For example, a Solidity event.

event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

can easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. 

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    from: Option<Address>,
    to: Option<Address>,
    value: U256,
}

The same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc.

Here is a snippet of the expression parser:

nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs
pub fn parse<T>(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result<syn::Expr, ParserError>
where
    T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext,
{
    match expression {
        Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx),
        Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)),
        Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx),
        Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx),
        Expression::Increment { expr } => {
            let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?;
            Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1))
        }
        Expression::ExternalCall {
            variable,
            fn_name,
            args,
        } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx),
        Expression::Type { ty } => {
            let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?;
            Ok(parse_quote!(#ty))
        }
        Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)),
        ...
    }
}

  1. Printing the code

The last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file.

And there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled!

Nysa + Odra​

By design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation.

However, the default implementation is OdraParser, which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module.

I hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler flow into Odra.

nysa-odra

Examples​

Status message​

Let's get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message.

To set up the project, we use cargo odra.

cargo odra new -n status -t blank
cd status

The first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary build.rs where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa.

Cargo.toml
[build-dependencies]
nysa = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["builder"] }
build.rs
const DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.rs";
const SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.sol";

fn main() {
    nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH);
}

Next, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one.

src/status_message.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.19;

contract StatusMessage {
    mapping(address => string) records;

    function setStatus(string memory status) public payable {
        address accountId = msg.sender;
        records[accountId] = status;
    }

    function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) {
        return records[accountId];
    }
}

The contract has a single mapping records that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: setStatus (sets current's sender message) and getStatus.

Following, let's define a lib.rs file.

src/lib.rs
mod status_message;
pub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef};

#[cfg(test)]
mod test;

The file is straightforward: registers a status_message rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module.

Lastly, we can test our contract. +Like the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: set_message() and get_message(). +The test code looks like any other Odra test: we use StatusMessageDeployer to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract.

src/test.rs
use odra::{test_env, types::Address};
use super::*;

const ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1);

#[test]
fn set_get_message() {
    let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();

    test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT());
    contract.set_status("hello".to_string());
    assert_eq!("hello".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())));
}

#[test]
fn get_nonexistent_message() {
    let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default();

    assert_eq!(
        String::new(),
        contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))
    );
}
cargo odra test # test against MockVM
# or
cargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM
status-message
├── src
│   ├── lib.rs
│   ├── status_message.sol
│   └── test.rs
├── build.rs
├── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Full example available here.

CappedErc20​

A more complex, real-world example is a CappedErc20 contract. It is a ERC20 Ownable, Burnable and Capped token contract.

plascoin.sol
// ...
// rest of the code

contract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable {
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) {
    }

    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }

    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }
}

You can check out the full source code here.

Deployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. 

# to make sure the contract works as expected 
# we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests
cargo odra test -b casper

# deploy onto the testnet
casper-client put-deploy
    --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}}
    --chain-name casper-test
    --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \
    --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \
    --payment-amount 130000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='{{name}}'" \
    --session-arg "symbol:string='{{symbol}}'" \
    --session-arg "cap:u256='{{cap}}'" \
    --session-arg "initial_owner:opt_key='{{owner}}'"

Literally in 5 minutes I was able to:

  1. Build a wasm file from Solidity source code
  2. Successfully deploy the contract onto Testnet,
  3. Mint some tokens,
  4. And transfer them.

Finally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa's efficiency.

actionCEP-18Nysa
deploy143.8793.37
transfer1.291.36

Conclusion​

Nysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract.

]]> + + + <![CDATA[It's all about the community!]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/its-all-about-the-community + https://odra.dev/blog/its-all-about-the-community + Tue, 27 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT + + Over the past months, +we have been working hard on bringing Odra to the Casper world. +While we are proud of what we have achieved so far, +the hard part is just beginning. +Smart contract developers from outside of our team are starting to use Odra. +We are thrilled about it and here is how we are going to support the community.

Hello Odra Community​

Whether you are a Rust developer, Solidity developer or a Casper enthusiast +we are happy to have you here, reading this blog post.

We have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy. +Now we are entering the next phase of the open source journey. +We are going to focus on the community and make sure +Odra is the best tool for the job. +Our motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is:

We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to +professionals with deadlines.

How will we do it? We are going to focus on four things:

  • Quality - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality. +We will always have tons of tests and examples.
  • Simplicity - The simplest solution is the best solution. +Odra's API needs to be simple and easy to use. +Always! +We are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design. +We believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations.
  • Reusability - No one likes to repeat itself. +We see a huge potential in Odra Modules. +In time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts, +that are battle-tested and ready to use.
  • Community - We are here to help you. +You can always reach out to us on Discord or Github.

We will help with your project​

Whether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today. +We have prepared a few examples and docs to help you get started. +Rust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal. +That was always the goal.

But we understand that it is hard to start. +We got your back.

We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding.

All you have to do is write us an email at contract@odra.dev +with a short description of your project. +We will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra. +After 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3 +smart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project.

Roadmap​

The feedback we got quite often was: +It's nice, but will it last? What's the direction of the project? +Point taken. Now we answer: We are here to stay. +We got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own +to keep us funded. We play the long game.

To systematize our work, we have prepared the roadmap. +As of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases. +It is a good balance between predictability and flexibility. +We will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed. +Everyone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement. +New proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team. +When the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases.

Odra Roadmap

]]> + + + <![CDATA[OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra + https://odra.dev/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra + Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT + + OpenAI can write Odra smart contracts. +This is how.

OpenAI​

OpenAI already proved that AI can code. +Github Copilot is used by more and more developers. +Many times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is. +It would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing:

Q: Write the ERC20 smart contract.

A: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}...

So far OpenAI hasn't indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT.

Q: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts?
   Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style.

A: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not.

Soon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box, +simply because it is available on GitHub.

DaVinci Edit​

OpenAI gives us a great tool called Edit. +It uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called Codex, +OpenAI gives us access to the model code-davinci-edit-001. +It allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes. +See more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version here.

But it doesn't know Odra. +Luckily this is not a problem. +I have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want. +We simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question.

ERC20 by AI​

The goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra. +The Edit query needs two elements:

  • source code,
  • text that describes what should be changed.

As the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use. +I need odra::module, Variable, Mapping, caller(), Address, +constructor, and errors.

flipper.rs
use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    value: Variable<bool>,
    flips_count: Variable<u32>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
    messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        self.value.set(false);
        self.owner.set(owner);
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get_value());
        self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default());
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
    
    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> {
        self.owner.get()
    }

    pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) {
        let sender = contract_env::caller();
        let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient));
        match current_msg {
            Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined),
            None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg)
        }
    }

    pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String {
        self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient))
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        MessageAlreadyDefined => 1,
        NotAnMessageSender => 2,
    }
}

ChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple.

Q: Implement another smart contract called ERC20.
   Balances should be of type U256.

This is the result.

ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI
use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256};

#[odra::module]
pub struct ERC20 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    total_supply: Variable<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ERC20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.total_supply.set(total_supply);
        self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply);
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&owner)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) {
        let from = contract_env::caller();
        let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);
        let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);
        if from_balance < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
        }
        self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);
        self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from);
        let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to);
        let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller));
        if from_balance < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
        }
        if allowed < value {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance);
        }
        self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value);
        self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value);
        self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value);
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Wow!

What is next?​

AI already understands smart contracts. +It had to read a lot of Solidity code. +I checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code. +Most interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew +from another programming language in the unseen Rust framework. +At some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra. +Or maybe we will not have to...

It is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond.

]]> + + + <![CDATA[Odra + CosmWasm]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/odra-cosmwasm + https://odra.dev/blog/odra-cosmwasm + Wed, 15 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT + + In November 2022 we released the first version of the Odra Framework. It's time for the next big step in our framework development - a new platform integration. Meet Odra + CosmWasm.

CosmWasm​

CosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem. +The platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code.

It uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend. +There are many blockchains like Osmosis, Secret Network, Juno that utilize CosmWasm.

Show me your code​

I would like to write a Counter smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible. +What are the requirements?

  1. It should store a u32 value.
  2. The initial value it set by the contract deployer.
  3. The value can be incremented.
  4. The value can read from the storage.
  5. The contract can call another contract and increment its counter.

So let's write an Odra module first.

counter.rs
use odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env};
use self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Counter {
    pub value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
        <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init {
            value,
        });
    }

    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        let old_value = self.value.get_or_default();
        let new_value = old_value + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
        
        ValueUpdated {
            old_value,
            new_value,
            operator: contract_env::caller()
        }.emit();
    }

    pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) {
        CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

mod events {
    use odra::types::Address;

    #[derive(odra::Event)]
    pub struct ValueUpdated {
        pub old_value: u32,
        pub new_value: u32,
        pub operator: Address
    }
    
    #[derive(odra::Event)]
    pub struct Init {
        pub value: u32,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn deploy() {
        let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);
        assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value());
    }

    #[test]
    fn increment() {
        let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10);
        counter.increment();
        assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value());
    }
}

But wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I?

Here the beauty of Odra comes into play.

Let's use cargo-odra.

cargo odra build -b cosmos

And... that's it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract. +As you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the -b flag.

Deploy​

We have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract?

As a battlefield let's choose Juno Network (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this Quick Start tutorial). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone wasmd, and its interface is alike.

Assuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let's move to the fun part.

But before we go, to keep things simple, let's prepare a justfile. It'll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See full version.

justfile
NODE := "--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443"
CHAIN_ID := "--chain-id uni-6"
QUERY_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID
TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := "--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block"
EXEC_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID + " " + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS

get-address NAME:
    junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.*

store-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER:
    junod tx wasm store \
    {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

init-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME:
    junod tx wasm instantiate \
    {{CODE_ID}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "init", "args": [ { "value" : {{VALUE}} }]}'` \
    --label '{{CONTRACT_NAME}}' --from {{SENDER}} \
    --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \
    {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

exec-increment ADDRESS SENDER:
    junod tx wasm execute \
    {{ADDRESS}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "increment"}'` \
    --from {{SENDER}}  \
    {{EXEC_FLAGS}}

query-get-value ADDRESS:
    junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \
    `just run-args-parser '{"name": "get_value"}'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}}

Ok, we are ready to go.

First, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that).

There are three ways to interact with a contract.

  1. Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address.
  2. Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state.
  3. Query - read the contract's state.

Now, let's take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared.

# args: 
# the path to a wasm file,
# the name under we store the private key.
just store-wasm counter.wasm odra

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"store_code","attributes":[{"key":"code_checksum","value":"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B

Great, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the code_id which we will use to initialize the contract.

# args: 
# code id taken from the previous tx, 
# counter initial value, 
# named private key,
# contract label.
just init-contract 286 1 odra "My Counter"

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"instantiate","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]},{"type":"wasm-Init","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26

Fantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g. +It's time to increment the counter.

# args:
# contract address taken from the previous tx,
# named private key
just exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra

...
raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"execute","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"action","value":"increment"}]},{"type":"wasm-ValueUpdated","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"old_value","value":"1"},{"key":"new_value","value":"2"},{"key":"operator","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]}]}]'
...
txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2

Finally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once).

# args:
# contract address
just query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g

data: 2

Indeed, as expected the current counter value is 2.

Show me your transaction​

I get it, you don't want to do it all by yourself. So let's take a closer look at one of my transactions.

junod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6
...
logs:
- events:
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    type: execute
  - attributes:
    - key: action
      value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract
    - key: module
      value: wasm
    - key: sender
      value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh
    type: message
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    - key: action
      value: increment
    type: wasm
  - attributes:
    - key: _contract_address
      value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g
    - key: old_value
      value: "1"
    - key: new_value
      value: "2"
    - key: operator
      value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh
    type: wasm-ValueUpdated
...
txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2

If you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing +the performed action (increment) (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute). +We can find here also our ValueUpdated event with its arguments old_value, new_value and operator.

Wow, we have it, everything worked as intended!

Conclusion​

Wouldn't it be great to replace Casper Erc20 and Cosmos Erc20 with a super-simple +single Odra Erc20 implementation?

The Counter contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us. +This simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls +can be unified in a simple readable interface.

CosmWasm integration hasn't been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself, +check our GitHub (don't forget to update cargo-odra as well).

Join us​

Interested?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + + <![CDATA[EVM at Risc0]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/evm-at-risc0 + https://odra.dev/blog/evm-at-risc0 + Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT + + Let's run Solidity code inside SputnikVM inside Risc0.

First make sure you know how Risc0 works. +My previous post explains it.

If you want to jump directly to the full code example, it's in the repo.

Solidity​

As an example, I have this simple Solidity code. +It is a calculator with two functions. +One for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number.

bytecode/Calculator.sol
contract Calculator {
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) {
        if (n <= 1) {
            return n;
        } else {
            return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
        }
    }
}

It needs to be compiled into the byte code. solc can do this.

$ solc \
    --bin-runtime \
    --optimize \
    --overwrite \
    --evm-version istanbul \
    --output-dir bytecode \
    bytecode/Calculator.sol

It produces an EVM bytecode in the bytecode directory.

$ ls bytecode/
Calculator.bin-runtime  Calculator.sol

EVM​

The EVM I used is SputnikVM. +Most important it is written in pure Rust and even with no_std mode. +This way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM. +Then take the bytecode of a contract and install it. +Finally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value. +For now, it's just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later.

The code is based on Sputnik's benchmark test. +Huge thanks to Michael Birch for helping with Sputnik. +Also make sure how EVM's function selectors work.

evm-runner/src/lib.rs

// Load previously compiled Calculator contract.
pub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!(
    "../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime"
);

// Run Calculator for a given input.
pub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String {
    run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input)
}

// Run a program (contract) for a given input. 
fn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String {

    // Define EVM configuration.
    let config = Config::istanbul();
    let vicinity = MemoryVicinity {
        gas_price: U256::zero(),
        origin: H160::default(),
        block_hashes: Vec::new(),
        block_number: Default::default(),
        block_coinbase: Default::default(),
        block_timestamp: Default::default(),
        block_difficulty: Default::default(),
        block_gas_limit: Default::default(),
        chain_id: U256::one(),
        block_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(),
    };

    // Initialized the state of EVM's memory.
    let mut state = BTreeMap::new();

    // Add our contract under the 0x10 address.
    state.insert(
        H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        MemoryAccount {
            nonce: U256::one(),
            balance: U256::from(10000000),
            storage: BTreeMap::new(),
            code: hex::decode(program).unwrap(),
        }
    );

    // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller.
    state.insert(
        H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        MemoryAccount {
            nonce: U256::one(),
            balance: U256::from(10000000),
            storage: BTreeMap::new(),
            code: Vec::new(),
        },
    );

    // Prepare the executor.
    let backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state);
    let metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config);
    let state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend);
    let precompiles = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut executor 
        = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles);

    // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user.
    // Use the input variable. 
    let (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call(
        H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
            .unwrap(),
        U256::zero(),
        hex::decode(input).unwrap(),
        u64::MAX,
        Vec::new(),
    );

    // Make sure the execution succeeded.
    assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned));
    
    // Return hex encoded string.
    hex::encode(result)
}

Let's execute it. In below tests the data variable hold two things: +function selector and arguments.

For example 61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a +is concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument. +It is just fibonacci(10). a is hex of 10 and 37 is hex of 52.

evm-runner/src/lib.rs
#[test]
fn fibonacci_works() {
    let data = "61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a";
    let result = run_calc_contract(data);
    assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037");  
}

#[test]
fn addition_works() {
    let data = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";
    let result = run_calc_contract(data);
    assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009");
}

Risc0​

It's time for risc0.

First the guest program. +It is super simple. +It takes a string as an argument, +passes it to the run_calc_contract +and returns the result.

methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs
#![no_main]
#![no_std]

extern crate alloc;

use alloc::{string::String};
use risc0_zkvm::guest::{env};
use evm_runner::run_calc_contract;

risc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main);

pub fn main() {
    let input: String = env::read();
    let result = run_calc_contract(&input);
    env::commit(&result);
}

The final step is calling it under ZK.

host/src/main.rs
fn main() {
    println!("Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)");
    let input = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002";
    let result = run_prover(input);
    println!("Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}");
    
    println!("Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)");
    let input = "61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004";
    let result = run_prover(input);
    println!("Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}");
}

fn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 {
    // Make the prover.
    let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap();
    let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap();

    // Push the input as an argument.
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice());
    
    // Execute the prover.
    let receipt = prover.run().unwrap();
    
    // Verify the proof.
    assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok());
    
    // Return result as an u32 value.
    let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap();
    u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap()
}
$ cargo run --release -p host
Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)
Proof generated. 7 + 2 = 9
Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)
Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3

Conclusion​

How amazing and mindblowing it is! +Of course, it's just a proof of concept. +Yet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and +with more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising.

Join us​

Interested?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + + <![CDATA[Zero Knowledge on Casper]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/casper-zk-risc0 + https://odra.dev/blog/casper-zk-risc0 + Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT + + In this post, I present how to verify a zero knowledge proof on Casper.

Zero Knowledge​

In my opinion, the zero knowledge (ZK) is the largest revolution in +blockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based +smart contracts. +To put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before:

  1. Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain +and put the result on a chain with the proof.
  2. Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it.

Risc Zero​

I'd like to introduce you to Risc Zero. +It is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine. +Go ahead and spend time reading their website! +For us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM. +Sooo... we can run it on Casper :) +Yes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper's +smart contract for verification.

Example​

Let's dive into the example to see how it works. +The full example code +you can find on our GitHub. +It is based on Risc Zero's Hello, Multiply! +example. So make sure you understand it first. +Guest and Prover sections are taken from this example.

Guest​

The program we are proving is called a guest in Risc Zero. +Our goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number. +Given a and b below guest program computes a * b and produces +a proof of computation.

methods/guest/src/multiply.rs
pub fn main() {
    // Load the first number from the host
    let a: u64 = env::read();
    // Load the second number from the host
    let b: u64 = env::read();
    // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors)
    if a == 1 || b == 1 {
        panic!("Trivial factors")
    }
    // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow
    let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect("Integer overflow");
    env::commit(&product);
}

Prover​

It's time to run the guest program and build the proof for +a specific a and b values.

prover/src/main.rs
fn main() {
    // Pick two numbers.
    let a: u64 = 17;
    let b: u64 = 23;

    // First, we make the prover, loading the 'multiply' method.
    let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH)
        .expect("Method code should be present at the specified path.");
    let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID)
        .expect("Prover should be constructed.",);

    // Next we send a & b to the guest.
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice());
    prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice());
    
    // Run prover & generate receipt
    let receipt = prover.run()
        .expect("Valid code should be provable.");

    // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b)
    let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal)
        .expect("Journal output should deserialize.");

    // Print an assertion
    println!("I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!", c);

    // Verify receipt, panic if it's wrong.
    receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect(
        "Code you have proven should successfully verify.",
    );

    // Convert journal to string and store on disk.
    let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/journal", &journal);

    // Convert seal to string and store on disk.
    let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/seal", &seal);

    // Convert method_id to string and store on disk.
    let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap();
    write_to_file("../data/method", &result);
}

Verifier​

Now the verification step. +Given the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method), +Casper's smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written +just for the demonstration, but in general you want METHOD_ID to be +stored in your contract and both SEAL and JOURNAL to be passed to +the contract via arguments from the outside.

verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs
// Import the proof and the method.
const METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!("../../data/method");
const SEAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/seal");
const JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/journal");

// Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. 
#[odra::module]
pub struct Verifier {
    result: Variable<String>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Verifier {
    // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification.
    pub fn verify(&mut self) {
        let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID);
        self.result.set(result);
    }

    // Result getter.
    pub fn result(&self) -> String {
        self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from("Not processed"))
    }
}

// The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it.
fn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String {
    let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id);

    match result {
        Ok(()) => String::from("Ok"),
        Err(err) => format!("Error: {}", err.to_string())
    }
}

Livenet results​

I have deployed it to the testnet and called the verify method. +The result was Ok. Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper. +Trustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :)

The cost of running the verify method is 2324 CSPR. That's a lot, but +we have to start somewhere.

What next​

I think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving +this forward. The community should discuss:

  1. Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over +to Casper.
  2. Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper's FFI.
  3. Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome +open-source project and gain the ZK expertise.

Join us​

Interested in zero knowledge on Casper?

Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us +at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + + <![CDATA[Odra 0.2.0 Released]]> + https://odra.dev/blog/release-020 + https://odra.dev/blog/release-020 + Wed, 30 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT + + We want to introduce you to the very first public release of the Odra Framework proudly!

A bit of history​

More than a year ago Maciej Zieliński resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at CasperLabs. +Along with Krzysztof Pobiarżyn and Kuba Płaskonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts.

Looking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes. +The first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now. +It has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling. +Whenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols. +Fascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain. +The second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly. +Here developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near. +The code written for one platform is not portable. +The network effect never had a chance to arise.

The main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability. +We could paraphrase a bit and say: +"One to bring them all and in the code bind them."

Odra for Casper​

The very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper. +In comparison to casper-contract API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level. +The Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, Ink, or Near will feel like at home. +We hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper.

Odra Framework​

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. +Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. +It's free and open source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. +We can do it by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. +These are type system, storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. +We believe it will bring standardization to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this ecosystem.

Let’s look at a Flipper contract, that holds a boolean value. +The contract has a constructor that sets the initial value, and two entry points: flip() and get(), to change and query the current value, respectively.

use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {

    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

It comes with the CLI tool cargo-odra that makes it easy to use Odra.

cargo-odra

Neat and simple, isn't it? Do you like it? Start flowing with us!

What next​

Let's be honest, we are just starting. +The codebase is still hot. +On the other hand, we are happy with the interfaces we designed. +Now is the time to write documentation and tutorials. +We are also building the modules library inspired by OpenZeppelin. +The security code audit is still ahead of us.

Join us​

Check out the Odra GitHub repository for more info on how to get the most out of Odra. +Should you have questions, join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev.

]]> + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f91f09f1c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra creates two URefs in the global state:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..731d72c02 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecb41de53 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c22bb789 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my-project folder and name it my-project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my-project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using an existing template located in +https://github.com/odradev/odra-template. +If you want, you can use your own template, by passing -r parameter:

cargo odra new -r https://github.com/my-repo/my-odra-template --name my-project

Additionally, you can pass a branch name you want to use using -g, otherwise, the default +branch will be used. To see an example of a template, take a look at the repository linked above.

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69592a486 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/docs/host.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type Blocktime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..923b13ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a953e19a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a32e51763 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractRef::at(owned_contract.address());
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4235feee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5bea76f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fdb91640 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fa82b639 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..efc5046e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..154830bf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    pets: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    match self.friends.get(&friend_name) {
        None => {
            0
        },
        Some(v) => {
            v
        }
    }
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behaviour by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96a2c2e84 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/docs/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..150166532 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..61667d908 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d34e2e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3694b3025 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..831fc3ab1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbeb7cfdc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e32d131b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02107fca8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24b22eba1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my-project

This will create a new folder called "my-project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, to do so +we need to add a new backend. Let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra backend add -p casper

Now we can run the tests against it:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee0a3d162 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a56d6773e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), Balance>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra does not allow nested Mappings, but you can overcome it using a tuple as a key.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: Balance) {
        self.balances.add(&address, amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(address),
            amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, spender), amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender,
            value: amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(owner, spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(&owner, owner_balance - amount);
        self.balances.add(&recipient, amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(owner),
            to: Some(recipient),
            amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: Address, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        let key = (owner, spender);
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&key);
        if allowance < amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        self.allowances.set(&key, allowance - amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender,
            value: allowance - amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            // If we don't create a new ref, an error occurs:
            // cannot borrow `erc20` as mutable, as it is a captured variable 
            // in a `Fn` closure cannot borrow as mutable
            let mut erc20 = Erc20Ref::at(erc20.address());
            erc20.transfer(recipient, amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(spender, approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(owner, spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            // If we don't create a new ref, an error occurs:
            // cannot borrow `erc20` as mutable, as it is a captured variable 
            // in a `Fn` closure cannot borrow as mutable
            let mut erc20 = Erc20Ref::at(erc20.address());
            erc20.transfer_from(owner, spender, amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be752d934 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent};

...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            // If we don't create a new ref, an error occurs:
            // cannot borrow `ownable` as mutable, as it is 
            // a captured variable in a `Fn` closure cannot borrow as mutable
            let mut ownable = OwnableRef::at(ownable.address());
            ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.
    note

    In the test we create a second contract reference let mut ownable = OwnableRef::at(ownable.address());. As the name stands, it is just a reference, we interact with the same contract - only the address matters.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4282b2394 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.2.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.2.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..152640290 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Variable, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Variable: A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a Variable which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Variable<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/mapping.rs
use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};

use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {

    ...

    pub fn set_token(
        &mut self,
        key1: String,
        key2: u32,
        key3: String,
        token_name: String,
        decimals: u8,
        symbol: String,
        initial_supply: &U256
    ) {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);
        mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> U256 {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .total_supply()
    }
}
note

Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers.

Instead of using the get() function, call get_instance(), which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.

If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required.

To keep the codebase consistent, a map! macro can be used:

examples/mapping.rs
...

pub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);
}

pub fn get_string_macro(
    &self, 
    key1: String, 
    key2: u32, 
    key3: String
) -> String {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])
}

danger

The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,
    my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.next_value()
    }

    pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..272f4b219 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Init​

If your contract needs initial setup, adding the #[odra(init)] attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed.

It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context.

Example​

examples/erc20.rs
#[odra(init)]
pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {
    let caller = contract_env::caller();
    self.name.set(name);
    self.symbol.set(symbol);
    self.decimals.set(decimals);
    self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
}

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();
    let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();
    let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    }
    .emit();
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile.

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(init)]
fn initialize() {
  // your logic...
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/composer/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/composer/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7aae1d4df --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/composer/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Module Composer | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Module Composer

The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples.

Conceptual Overview​

By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key.

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
    value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "contract_value"
    module: Module
}

#[odra::module]
struct Module {
    secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "contract_module_secret"
}

While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial. Here, the Module Composer comes in.

Additionally, the Module Composer shortens the storage key - a handy side effect of shared storage.

For each module, Odra generates a corresponding Composer struct (e.g., MyContractComposer for MyContract module), which aids in manual module composition.

Usage​

By default, the #[odra::module] macro generates an implementation of the odra::Instance trait, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace. To disable this behavior, pass the skip_instance argument to the #[odra::module] macro.

Let's write a simple code example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting.

use odra::{Instance, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct SharedStorage {
    pub value: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyStorage {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub version: Variable<u8>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MoreStorage {
    pub my_storage: MyStorage,
    pub extra: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module(skip_instance)]
pub struct ComplexContract {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub more_storage: MoreStorage
}

#[odra::module]
impl ComplexContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String, extra: u32) {
       self.more_storage.my_storage.version.set(version);
        self.shared.value.set(value);
        self.more_storage.extra.set(extra);
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {
        self.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {
        self.more_storage.my_storage.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_extra_value(&self) -> u32 {
      self.more_storage.extra.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Instance for ComplexContract {
    fn instance(namespace: &str) -> Self {
        let shared = SharedStorageComposer::new(namespace, "shared").compose();
        let my_storage = MyStorageComposer::new(namespace, "my_storage")
            .with_shared(&shared)
            .compose();
        let more_storage = MoreStorageComposer::new(namespace, "more_storage")
            .with_my_storage(&my_storage)
            .compose();
        Self { shared, more_storage }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn t() {
        let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();
        let extra_value: u32 = 314;
        let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);

        assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);
    }
}

In this example, we've introduced a new module, MoreStorage, which nests MyStorage and includes an extra value. The ComplexContract contains SharedStorage and MoreStorage, creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels.

If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:

  1. On the contract level - contract_shared_value.
  2. On the MyStorage module level - contract_more_storage_shared_value.

This example showcases how you can effectively use the Module Composer feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts.

Conclusion​

The Module Composer in Odra provides developers with a high level of flexibility and control over module behavior in their smart contracts. This guide, complete with a practical example, should give you a good understanding of the feature. Embrace the power of the Module Composer and unleash the full potential of your smart contracts!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54064506c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20,
    exchange: Exchange
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef0ad9f5d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with [Casper Event Standard] and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Constructors​

Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:

#[odra::module]
struct Counter {
    value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }
}

Read more about constructors here.

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the constructor argument with a value of initialize - this represents the name of the constructor function. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "constructor:string:'initialize'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c2e0df10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..baf6614f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39ba64ae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4e0b83f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/docs/host.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type BlockTime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3278192d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8a9aea28 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbe63daba --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractRef::at(owned_contract.address());
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c89d6b02a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] macro and use array-like syntax to list events your module emits.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bfab289d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..211e65252 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea8f32939 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74c71fcb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d91141682 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    pets: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cf0272ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/docs/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e7e0e3fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89381f471 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fcbbf2c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..695a74f14 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26e2dcaa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a99ca1ee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b5e33b50 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a561fd3db --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfc3b1343 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..621d03baa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my-project

This will create a new folder called "my-project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, to do so +we need to add a new backend. Let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra backend add -p casper

Now we can run the tests against it:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0598ea17c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b0c87c9b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra allows nested Mappings, what we utilize to store allowances.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .get_instance(owner)
            .set(spender, new_allowance);
        Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc80b9e3e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{
    execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}
};
...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(*owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: *owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(*new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25744ed7e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a60b5931c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Variable, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Variable: A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a Variable which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Variable<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/mapping.rs
use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};

use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {

    ...

    pub fn set_token(
        &mut self,
        key1: String,
        key2: u32,
        key3: String,
        token_name: String,
        decimals: u8,
        symbol: String,
        initial_supply: &U256
    ) {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);
        mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> U256 {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .total_supply()
    }
}
note

Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers.

Instead of using the get() function, call get_instance(), which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.

If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required.

To keep the codebase consistent, a map! macro can be used:

examples/mapping.rs
...

pub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);
}

pub fn get_string_macro(
    &self, 
    key1: String, 
    key2: u32, 
    key3: String
) -> String {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])
}

danger

The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,
    my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.next_value()
    }

    pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8877cb732 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Init​

If your contract needs initial setup, adding the #[odra(init)] attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed.

It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context.

Example​

examples/erc20.rs
#[odra(init)]
pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {
    let caller = contract_env::caller();
    self.name.set(name);
    self.symbol.set(symbol);
    self.decimals.set(decimals);
    self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
}

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();
    let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();
    let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    }
    .emit();
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile.

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(init)]
fn initialize() {
  // your logic...
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/composer/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/composer/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db049fef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/composer/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Module Composer | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Module Composer

The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples.

Conceptual Overview​

By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key.

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
    value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "contract_value"
    module: Module
}

#[odra::module]
struct Module {
    secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "contract_module_secret"
}

While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial. Here, the Module Composer comes in.

Additionally, the Module Composer shortens the storage key - a handy side effect of shared storage.

For each module, Odra generates a corresponding Composer struct (e.g., MyContractComposer for MyContract module), which aids in manual module composition.

Usage​

By default, the #[odra::module] macro generates an implementation of the odra::Instance trait, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace. To disable this behavior, pass the skip_instance argument to the #[odra::module] macro.

Let's write a simple code example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting.

use odra::{Instance, Variable, Composer};

#[odra::module]
pub struct SharedStorage {
    pub value: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyStorage {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub version: Variable<u8>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MoreStorage {
    pub my_storage: MyStorage,
    pub extra: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module(skip_instance)]
pub struct ComplexContract {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub more_storage: MoreStorage
}

#[odra::module]
impl ComplexContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String, extra: u32) {
        self.more_storage.my_storage.version.set(version);
        self.shared.value.set(value);
        self.more_storage.extra.set(extra);
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {
        self.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {
        self.more_storage.my_storage.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_extra_value(&self) -> u32 {
      self.more_storage.extra.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Instance for ComplexContract {
    fn instance(namespace: &str) -> Self {
        let value = Composer::new(namespace, "v").compose();
        let shared = SharedStorageComposer::new(namespace, "shared")
            .with_value(&value)
            .compose();
        let my_storage = MyStorageComposer::new(namespace, "my_storage")
            .with_shared(&shared)
            .compose();
        let more_storage = MoreStorageComposer::new(namespace, "more_storage")
            .with_my_storage(&my_storage)
            .compose();
        Self { shared, more_storage }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn t() {
        let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();
        let extra_value: u32 = 314;
        let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);

        assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);
    }
}

In this example, we've introduced a new module, MoreStorage, which nests MyStorage and includes an extra value. The ComplexContract contains SharedStorage and MoreStorage, creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels.

If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:

  1. On the contract level - contract_shared_value.
  2. On the MyStorage module level - contract_more_storage_shared_value.

This example showcases how you can effectively use the Module Composer feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts.

note

To customize the storage building block, you can use Composer which API matches to modules composers API.

Conclusion​

The Module Composer in Odra provides developers with a high level of flexibility and control over module behavior in their smart contracts. This guide, complete with a practical example, should give you a good understanding of the feature. Embrace the power of the Module Composer and unleash the full potential of your smart contracts!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff5cebe2a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20,
    exchange: Exchange
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80b680b11 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Constructors​

Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:

#[odra::module]
struct Counter {
    value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }
}

Read more about constructors here.

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the constructor argument with a value of initialize - this represents the name of the constructor function. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "constructor:string:'initialize'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60c522000 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e29610c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cab136911 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07858f2c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/docs/host.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type BlockTime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cd126fcc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f676fd46 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1deaf33c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..545c583a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] macro.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eed87130a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b25fe819 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08b530c95 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b92c6fb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1149a72a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd5c299e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/docs/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbc58fe15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68210e040 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19f7e4be3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4efb2446 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e6ef8c05 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1046c291e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7af621f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39ff58a88 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bb32bd09 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..beacd82b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9670aaf88 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ddbe579b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra allows nested Mappings, what we utilize to store allowances.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .get_instance(owner)
            .set(spender, new_allowance);
        Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24d34ff0d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{
    execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}
};
...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(*owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: *owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(*new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80c82c840 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.3.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.3.1

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc7a3eb85 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Variable, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Variable: A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a Variable which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Variable<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/mapping.rs
use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};

use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {

    ...

    pub fn set_token(
        &mut self,
        key1: String,
        key2: u32,
        key3: String,
        token_name: String,
        decimals: u8,
        symbol: String,
        initial_supply: &U256
    ) {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);
        mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> U256 {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .total_supply()
    }
}
note

Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers.

Instead of using the get() function, call get_instance(), which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.

If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required.

To keep the codebase consistent, a map! macro can be used:

examples/mapping.rs
...

pub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);
}

pub fn get_string_macro(
    &self, 
    key1: String, 
    key2: u32, 
    key3: String
) -> String {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])
}

danger

The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,
    my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.next_value()
    }

    pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f1338fb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Init​

If your contract needs initial setup, adding the #[odra(init)] attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed.

It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context.

Example​

examples/erc20.rs
#[odra(init)]
pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {
    let caller = contract_env::caller();
    self.name.set(name);
    self.symbol.set(symbol);
    self.decimals.set(decimals);
    self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
}

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();
    let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();
    let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    }
    .emit();
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile.

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(init)]
fn initialize() {
  // your logic...
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/composer/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/composer/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2dc594e86 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/composer/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Module Composer | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Module Composer

The Module Composer is a feature of the Odra Framework designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the Module Composer feature, complete with practical code examples.

Conceptual Overview​

By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key.

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
    value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "contract_value"
    module: Module
}

#[odra::module]
struct Module {
    secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "contract_module_secret"
}

While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial. Here, the Module Composer comes in.

Additionally, the Module Composer shortens the storage key - a handy side effect of shared storage.

For each module, Odra generates a corresponding Composer struct (e.g., MyContractComposer for MyContract module), which aids in manual module composition.

Usage​

By default, the #[odra::module] macro generates an implementation of the odra::Instance trait, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace. To disable this behavior, pass the skip_instance argument to the #[odra::module] macro.

Let's write a simple code example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting.

use odra::{Instance, Variable, Composer};

#[odra::module]
pub struct SharedStorage {
    pub value: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyStorage {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub version: Variable<u8>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MoreStorage {
    pub my_storage: MyStorage,
    pub extra: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module(skip_instance)]
pub struct ComplexContract {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub more_storage: MoreStorage
}

#[odra::module]
impl ComplexContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String, extra: u32) {
        self.more_storage.my_storage.version.set(version);
        self.shared.value.set(value);
        self.more_storage.extra.set(extra);
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {
        self.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {
        self.more_storage.my_storage.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_extra_value(&self) -> u32 {
      self.more_storage.extra.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Instance for ComplexContract {
    fn instance(namespace: &str) -> Self {
        let value = Composer::new(namespace, "v").compose();
        let shared = SharedStorageComposer::new(namespace, "shared")
            .with_value(&value)
            .compose();
        let my_storage = MyStorageComposer::new(namespace, "my_storage")
            .with_shared(&shared)
            .compose();
        let more_storage = MoreStorageComposer::new(namespace, "more_storage")
            .with_my_storage(&my_storage)
            .compose();
        Self { shared, more_storage }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn t() {
        let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();
        let extra_value: u32 = 314;
        let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);

        assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);
    }
}

In this example, we've introduced a new module, MoreStorage, which nests MyStorage and includes an extra value. The ComplexContract contains SharedStorage and MoreStorage, creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels.

If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:

  1. On the contract level - contract_shared_value.
  2. On the MyStorage module level - contract_more_storage_shared_value.

This example showcases how you can effectively use the Module Composer feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts.

note

To customize the storage building block, you can use Composer which API matches to modules composers API.

Conclusion​

The Module Composer in Odra provides developers with a high level of flexibility and control over module behavior in their smart contracts. This guide, complete with a practical example, should give you a good understanding of the feature. Embrace the power of the Module Composer and unleash the full potential of your smart contracts!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e55ef12ee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20,
    exchange: Exchange
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5c3a5614 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Constructors​

Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:

#[odra::module]
struct Counter {
    value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }
}

Read more about constructors here.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments.

Required arguments:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Optional arguments:

  • odra_cfg_constructor - String type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with #[odra(init)], this should be set to the constructor name.
  • constructor arguments that match entry point set in odra_cfg_constructor.

Example usage​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'initialize'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. Option<U512> type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebe7eac5e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8967a2f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74bdb61b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..588a74871 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/docs/host.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type BlockTime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53095cefa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/docs/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::docs::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee37217af --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..844f3a035 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/docs/errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c4dd25de --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] macro.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/docs/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::docs::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b773b4ab8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..650d1380d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use crate::docs::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/docs/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d342a269 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/docs/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d796fd412 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4f6760fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/docs/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/docs/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/docs/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad08a2512 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/docs/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/docs/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75285a07a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1cdc344c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75e5331f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..740f694fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c226c427c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02dc761f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7cded9229 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38e1e3b59 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe5105c8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a71082dfd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67db76ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29c6dbda9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra allows nested Mappings, what we utilize to store allowances.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .get_instance(owner)
            .set(spender, new_allowance);
        Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed9c436bd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{
    execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}
};
...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(*owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: *owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(*new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbcea304a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.4.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.4.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5280965c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Variable, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Variable: A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a Variable which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Variable<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};

use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {

    ...

    pub fn set_token(
        &mut self,
        key1: String,
        key2: u32,
        key3: String,
        token_name: String,
        decimals: u8,
        symbol: String,
        initial_supply: &U256
    ) {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);
        mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> U256 {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .total_supply()
    }
}
note

Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers.

Instead of using the get() function, call get_instance(), which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.

If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required.

To keep the codebase consistent, a map! macro can be used:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
...

pub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);
}

pub fn get_string_macro(
    &self, 
    key1: String, 
    key2: u32, 
    key3: String
) -> String {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])
}

danger

The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,
    my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.next_value()
    }

    pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..374ea6b23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Init​

If your contract needs initial setup, adding the #[odra(init)] attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed.

It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs
#[odra(init)]
pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {
    let caller = contract_env::caller();
    self.name.set(name);
    self.symbol.set(symbol);
    self.decimals.set(decimals);
    self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
}

Using​

An attribute applicable to struct fields. The using attribute accepts multiple values, separated by ,. +Each value attribute must point at an existing field.

Example​

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
  access_control: AccessControl,
  meta: Metadata,
  #[odra(using = "access_control, meta")]
  // #[odra(using = "access_control, metadata")] - would not compile - `metadata` field does not exist
  storage: Storage
}

#[odra::module]
struct AccessControl {
  owner: Variable<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
struct Metadata {
  version: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
struct Storage {
  value: Variable<u8>,
  access_control: AccessControl,
  meta: Metadata
}

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();
    let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();
    let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    }
    .emit();
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile.

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(init)]
fn initialize() {
  // your logic...
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f86b2803a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20,
    exchange: Exchange
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/signatures/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/signatures/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33776c8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/signatures/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + +Signatures | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Signatures

As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs, +Odra Framework provides a generic function for signature verification inside the contract context. +Thanks to this, you can write your code once, without worrying about underlying cryptography.

Signature verification​

Signature verification is conducted by a function in contract_env:

pub fn verify_signature(message: &Bytes, signature: &Bytes, public_key: &PublicKey) -> bool;

Here's the simplest example of this function used in a contract:

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
#[odra::module]
impl SignatureVerifier {
    pub fn verify_signature(
        &self,
        message: &Bytes,
        signature: &Bytes,
        public_key: &PublicKey
    ) -> bool {
        contract_env::verify_signature(message, signature, public_key)
    }
}

Testing​

Besides the above function in the contract context, Odra provides corresponding functions in the test_env:

pub fn sign_message(message: &Bytes, address: &Address) -> Bytes;

pub fn public_key(address: &Address) -> PublicKey;

sign_message will return a signed message. The signing itself will be performed using a private key +of an account behind the address.

public_key returns the PublicKey of an address account.

Thanks to those, you can write generic tests, that will work with all backends, despite differences +in signature schemes they use.

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
#[test]
fn signature_verification_works() {
    let message = "Message to be signed";
    let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());
    let account = test_env::get_account(0);

    let signature = test_env::sign_message(message_bytes, &account);

    let public_key = test_env::public_key(&account);

    let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();
    assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, &signature, &public_key));
}

If you want, you can also test signatures that were created outside Odra. +However, you will need to prepare separate tests for each backend:

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
/// The following test checks that the signature verification works with the signature produced
/// by the casper wallet.
#[test]
#[cfg(feature = "casper")]
fn verify_signature_casper_wallet() {
    use odra::casper::casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes;
    // Casper Wallet for the message "Ahoj przygodo!" signed using SECP256K1 key
    // produces the following signature:
    // 1e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa
    // Casper Wallet adds "Casper Message:\n" prefix to the message:
    let message = "Casper Message:\nAhoj przygodo!";
    let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());

    // Depending on the type of the key, we need to prefix the signature with a tag:
    // 0x01 for ED25519
    // 0x02 for SECP256K1
    let signature_hex = "021e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa";
    let signature: [u8; 65] = hex::decode(signature_hex).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
    let signature_bytes = &Bytes::from(signature.to_vec());

    // Similar to the above, the public key is tagged:
    let public_key_hex = "02036d9b880e44254afaf34330e57703a63aec53b5918d4470059b67a4a906350105";
    let public_key_decoded = hex::decode(public_key_hex).unwrap();
    let (public_key, _) = odra::casper::casper_types::crypto::PublicKey::from_bytes(
        public_key_decoded.as_slice()
    )
    .unwrap();

    let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();
    assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, signature_bytes, &public_key));
}

ECRecover​

Odra Standard Library +part of the original Odra Proposal mentioned ECRecover as one of the functions that will be +implemented by the Odra Framework. We decided to add signatures verification instead.

The reasoning behind this decision is that the ECRecover works only with one type of signature. +Odra tries to be backend-agnostic, which implies that it should also be signature-type-agnostic. +This was possible to achieve when implementing generic signature verification, but not with ECRecover.

In short, the implementation of ECRecover would not depend on the backend, pushing it into some kind of +utils library, and those already exist, for example in +solana_program +crate.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/using/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/using/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b907ef88 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/advanced/using/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Module reusing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Module reusing

This feature of the Odra Framework is designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples.

Conceptual Overview​

By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key.

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
    value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "value"
    module: Module
}

#[odra::module]
struct Module {
    secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "module_secret"
}

While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial.

Usage​

Odra generates an array of keys, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace, like in the example above. But what if you want to reuse the same instance of a module? Add a #[odra(using)] attribute to a module to override the default behavior. This is information for the module "Do not prefix storage keys for the given module." so effectively, the child and the parent use the same module instance.

Let's illustrate it with a simple example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting.

use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct SharedStorage {
    pub value: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyStorage {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub version: Variable<u8>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct ComposableContract {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    #[odra(using = "shared")]
    pub storage: MyStorage
}

#[odra::module]
impl ComposableContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String) {
        self.storage.version.set(version);
        self.shared.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {
        self.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {
        self.storage.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn t() {
        let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();
        let extra_value: u32 = 314;
        let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);

        assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);
    }
}

In this example, we've introduced a new module, MoreStorage, which nests MyStorage and includes an extra value. The ComplexContract contains SharedStorage and MoreStorage, creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels.

If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:

  1. On the contract level - contract_shared_value.
  2. On the MyStorage module level - contract_more_storage_shared_value.

This example showcases how you can effectively use the module reusing feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37978d116 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Constructors​

Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:

#[odra::module]
struct Counter {
    value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }
}

Read more about constructors here.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments.

Required arguments:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Optional arguments:

  • odra_cfg_constructor - String type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with #[odra(init)], this should be set to the constructor name.
  • constructor arguments that match entry point set in odra_cfg_constructor.

Contract Deploys​

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'initialize'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. Option<U512> type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8aae4c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce574d482 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..886d8d1bb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbb557c12 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type BlockTime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..996eb3680 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::features::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c43e11337 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71f684e35 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8204f1dea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/features/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] macro.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::features::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d85b6273 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe8c31b21 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..707cb680d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2742c38ae --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b27d70ecf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1a531ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e635f7de0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7a286b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0b41912d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0bc74a0c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7cc0cecf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50e588794 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b68fd2593 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..555f0b28e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bed096b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a2edee66 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6cde6de4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b69663ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra allows nested Mappings, what we utilize to store allowances.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .get_instance(owner)
            .set(spender, new_allowance);
        Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f613d3be --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{
    execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}
};
...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(*owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: *owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(*new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0eec86342 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.5.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.5.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88dce2f8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Variable, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Variable: A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a Variable which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Variable<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};

use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {

    ...

    pub fn set_token(
        &mut self,
        key1: String,
        key2: u32,
        key3: String,
        token_name: String,
        decimals: u8,
        symbol: String,
        initial_supply: &U256
    ) {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);
        mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> U256 {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .total_supply()
    }
}
note

Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers.

Instead of using the get() function, call get_instance(), which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.

If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required.

To keep the codebase consistent, a map! macro can be used:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
...

pub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);
}

pub fn get_string_macro(
    &self, 
    key1: String, 
    key2: u32, 
    key3: String
) -> String {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])
}

danger

The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,
    my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.next_value()
    }

    pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
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+
Version: 0.6.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Init​

If your contract needs initial setup, adding the #[odra(init)] attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed.

It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs
#[odra(init)]
pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {
    let caller = contract_env::caller();
    self.name.set(name);
    self.symbol.set(symbol);
    self.decimals.set(decimals);
    self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
}

Using​

An attribute applicable to struct fields. The using attribute accepts multiple values, separated by ,. +Each value attribute must point at an existing field.

Example​

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
  access_control: AccessControl,
  meta: Metadata,
  #[odra(using = "access_control, meta")]
  // #[odra(using = "access_control, metadata")] - would not compile - `metadata` field does not exist
  storage: Storage
}

#[odra::module]
struct AccessControl {
  owner: Variable<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
struct Metadata {
  version: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
struct Storage {
  value: Variable<u8>,
  access_control: AccessControl,
  meta: Metadata
}

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();
    let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();
    let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    }
    .emit();
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile.

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(init)]
fn initialize() {
  // your logic...
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8e22b906 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20,
    exchange: Exchange
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/signatures/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/signatures/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85572dd21 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/signatures/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + +Signatures | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Signatures

As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs, +Odra Framework provides a generic function for signature verification inside the contract context. +Thanks to this, you can write your code once, without worrying about underlying cryptography.

Signature verification​

Signature verification is conducted by a function in contract_env:

pub fn verify_signature(message: &Bytes, signature: &Bytes, public_key: &PublicKey) -> bool;

Here's the simplest example of this function used in a contract:

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
#[odra::module]
impl SignatureVerifier {
    pub fn verify_signature(
        &self,
        message: &Bytes,
        signature: &Bytes,
        public_key: &PublicKey
    ) -> bool {
        contract_env::verify_signature(message, signature, public_key)
    }
}

Testing​

Besides the above function in the contract context, Odra provides corresponding functions in the test_env:

pub fn sign_message(message: &Bytes, address: &Address) -> Bytes;

pub fn public_key(address: &Address) -> PublicKey;

sign_message will return a signed message. The signing itself will be performed using a private key +of an account behind the address.

public_key returns the PublicKey of an address account.

Thanks to those, you can write generic tests, that will work with all backends, despite differences +in signature schemes they use.

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
#[test]
fn signature_verification_works() {
    let message = "Message to be signed";
    let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());
    let account = test_env::get_account(0);

    let signature = test_env::sign_message(message_bytes, &account);

    let public_key = test_env::public_key(&account);

    let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();
    assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, &signature, &public_key));
}

If you want, you can also test signatures that were created outside Odra. +However, you will need to prepare separate tests for each backend:

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
/// The following test checks that the signature verification works with the signature produced
/// by the casper wallet.
#[test]
#[cfg(feature = "casper")]
fn verify_signature_casper_wallet() {
    use odra::casper::casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes;
    // Casper Wallet for the message "Ahoj przygodo!" signed using SECP256K1 key
    // produces the following signature:
    // 1e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa
    // Casper Wallet adds "Casper Message:\n" prefix to the message:
    let message = "Casper Message:\nAhoj przygodo!";
    let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());

    // Depending on the type of the key, we need to prefix the signature with a tag:
    // 0x01 for ED25519
    // 0x02 for SECP256K1
    let signature_hex = "021e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa";
    let signature: [u8; 65] = hex::decode(signature_hex).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
    let signature_bytes = &Bytes::from(signature.to_vec());

    // Similar to the above, the public key is tagged:
    let public_key_hex = "02036d9b880e44254afaf34330e57703a63aec53b5918d4470059b67a4a906350105";
    let public_key_decoded = hex::decode(public_key_hex).unwrap();
    let (public_key, _) = odra::casper::casper_types::crypto::PublicKey::from_bytes(
        public_key_decoded.as_slice()
    )
    .unwrap();

    let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();
    assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, signature_bytes, &public_key));
}

ECRecover​

Odra Standard Library +part of the original Odra Proposal mentioned ECRecover as one of the functions that will be +implemented by the Odra Framework. We decided to add signatures verification instead.

The reasoning behind this decision is that the ECRecover works only with one type of signature. +Odra tries to be backend-agnostic, which implies that it should also be signature-type-agnostic. +This was possible to achieve when implementing generic signature verification, but not with ECRecover.

In short, the implementation of ECRecover would not depend on the backend, pushing it into some kind of +utils library, and those already exist, for example in +solana_program +crate.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/using/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/using/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f3792f48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/advanced/using/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Module reusing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Module reusing

This feature of the Odra Framework is designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples.

Conceptual Overview​

By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key.

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
    value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "value"
    module: Module
}

#[odra::module]
struct Module {
    secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "module_secret"
}

While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial.

Usage​

Odra generates an array of keys, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace, like in the example above. But what if you want to reuse the same instance of a module? Add a #[odra(using)] attribute to a module to override the default behavior. This is information for the module "Do not prefix storage keys for the given module." so effectively, the child and the parent use the same module instance.

Let's illustrate it with a simple example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting.

use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct SharedStorage {
    pub value: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyStorage {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub version: Variable<u8>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct ComposableContract {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    #[odra(using = "shared")]
    pub storage: MyStorage
}

#[odra::module]
impl ComposableContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String) {
        self.storage.version.set(version);
        self.shared.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {
        self.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {
        self.storage.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn t() {
        let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();
        let extra_value: u32 = 314;
        let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);

        assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);
    }
}

In this example, we've introduced a new module, MoreStorage, which nests MyStorage and includes an extra value. The ComplexContract contains SharedStorage and MoreStorage, creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels.

If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:

  1. On the contract level - contract_shared_value.
  2. On the MyStorage module level - contract_more_storage_shared_value.

This example showcases how you can effectively use the module reusing feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ece03b62 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Constructors​

Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:

#[odra::module]
struct Counter {
    value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }
}

Read more about constructors here.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments.

Required arguments:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Optional arguments:

  • odra_cfg_constructor - String type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with #[odra(init)], this should be set to the constructor name.
  • constructor arguments that match entry point set in odra_cfg_constructor.

Contract Deploys​

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'initialize'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. Option<U512> type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f47bb536 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e70adcfa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc7e3bf83 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b5dfe553 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type BlockTime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad3e53496 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::features::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2efbaf7e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8171c586d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..132accab0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/features/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] macro.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::features::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a37cbabec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e93f5ec34 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..458468302 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2383d64a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a358a7a90 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e8c24753 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b1d4e2a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23bd3e6a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf708600f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..070d0c906 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d3006d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5d4af745 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2db463775 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d340ed9a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e87efbd63 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c34412fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44ef714a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72b7079e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra allows nested Mappings, what we utilize to store allowances.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .get_instance(owner)
            .set(spender, new_allowance);
        Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a4372090 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{
    execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}
};
...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(*owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: *owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(*new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f61b3256b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.6.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.6.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3dfb6ed5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Variable, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Variable type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Variable: A Variable in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Variable is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Variable and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that holds a Variable which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Variable<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, the Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. However, the value of the Mapping can be another Mapping. This concept is referred to as nested mapping. Moreover, the value of the Mapping can be an Odra module, introducing a greater level of complexity and utility.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{map, types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};

use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    strings: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, String>>>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, Mapping<u32, Mapping<String, OwnedToken>>>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {

    ...

    pub fn set_token(
        &mut self,
        key1: String,
        key2: u32,
        key3: String,
        token_name: String,
        decimals: u8,
        symbol: String,
        initial_supply: &U256
    ) {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .init(token_name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let mapping = self.strings.get_instance(&key1).get_instance(&key2);
        mapping.get(&key3).unwrap_or_revert()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> U256 {
        self.tokens
            .get_instance(&key1)
            .get_instance(&key2)
            .get_instance(&key3)
            .total_supply()
    }
}
note

Accessing Odra Modules and Mapping is a bit different from accessing regular values like strings or numbers.

Instead of using the get() function, call get_instance(), which sets the correct namespace for nested modules.

If the terminal value is deeply nested, a long chain of get_instance() calls is required.

To keep the codebase consistent, a map! macro can be used:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
...

pub fn set_string(&mut self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String, value: String) {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3] = value);
}

pub fn get_string_macro(
    &self, 
    key1: String, 
    key2: u32, 
    key3: String
) -> String {
    map!(self.strings[key1][key2][key3])
}

danger

The terminal value must not be an Odra Module.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Sequence, Mapping};
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    my_sequence: Sequence<u32>,
    my_mapping: Mapping<String, Mapping<String, Token>>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn get_sequence_current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn next_sequence_value(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.my_sequence.next_value()
    }

    pub fn set_in_mapping(&mut self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String, value: Token) {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.set(&inner_key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_from_mapping(&self, outer_key: String, inner_key: String) -> Option<Token> {
        let inner_mapping = self.my_mapping.get_instance(&outer_key);
        inner_mapping.get(&inner_key)
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c319a92c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Init​

If your contract needs initial setup, adding the #[odra(init)] attribute to your function operates similarly to a constructor in object-oriented programming. This constructor is called immediately after the contract is deployed.

It's important to note that a constructor function should not be invoked in any other context.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/erc20.rs
#[odra(init)]
pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &U256) {
    let caller = contract_env::caller();
    self.name.set(name);
    self.symbol.set(symbol);
    self.decimals.set(decimals);
    self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
}

Using​

An attribute applicable to struct fields. The using attribute accepts multiple values, separated by ,. +Each value attribute must point at an existing field.

Example​

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
  access_control: AccessControl,
  meta: Metadata,
  #[odra(using = "access_control, meta")]
  // #[odra(using = "access_control, metadata")] - would not compile - `metadata` field does not exist
  storage: Storage
}

#[odra::module]
struct AccessControl {
  owner: Variable<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
struct Metadata {
  version: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
struct Storage {
  value: Variable<u8>,
  access_control: AccessControl,
  meta: Metadata
}

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = contract_env::caller();
    let amount: Balance = contract_env::attached_value();
    let current_block_time: BlockTime = contract_env::get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        contract_env::revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    }
    .emit();
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::at(&contract_env::self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use odra::{test_env, types::ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        test_env::assert_exception(ExecutionError::reentrant_call(), || {
            let mut contract = super::NonReentrantCounterDeployer::default();
            contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        });
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

However, a constructor cannot be payable, so the below code would not compile.

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(init)]
fn initialize() {
  // your logic...
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff1de017e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{Address, U256}
};

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20,
    exchange: Exchange
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/signatures/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/signatures/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fd572a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/signatures/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + +Signatures | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Signatures

As each backend can use a different scheme for generating key pairs, +Odra Framework provides a generic function for signature verification inside the contract context. +Thanks to this, you can write your code once, without worrying about underlying cryptography.

Signature verification​

Signature verification is conducted by a function in contract_env:

pub fn verify_signature(message: &Bytes, signature: &Bytes, public_key: &PublicKey) -> bool;

Here's the simplest example of this function used in a contract:

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
#[odra::module]
impl SignatureVerifier {
    pub fn verify_signature(
        &self,
        message: &Bytes,
        signature: &Bytes,
        public_key: &PublicKey
    ) -> bool {
        contract_env::verify_signature(message, signature, public_key)
    }
}

Testing​

Besides the above function in the contract context, Odra provides corresponding functions in the test_env:

pub fn sign_message(message: &Bytes, address: &Address) -> Bytes;

pub fn public_key(address: &Address) -> PublicKey;

sign_message will return a signed message. The signing itself will be performed using a private key +of an account behind the address.

public_key returns the PublicKey of an address account.

Thanks to those, you can write generic tests, that will work with all backends, despite differences +in signature schemes they use.

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
#[test]
fn signature_verification_works() {
    let message = "Message to be signed";
    let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());
    let account = test_env::get_account(0);

    let signature = test_env::sign_message(message_bytes, &account);

    let public_key = test_env::public_key(&account);

    let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();
    assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, &signature, &public_key));
}

If you want, you can also test signatures that were created outside Odra. +However, you will need to prepare separate tests for each backend:

examples/src/features/signature_verifier.rs
/// The following test checks that the signature verification works with the signature produced
/// by the casper wallet.
#[test]
#[cfg(feature = "casper")]
fn verify_signature_casper_wallet() {
    use odra::casper::casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes;
    // Casper Wallet for the message "Ahoj przygodo!" signed using SECP256K1 key
    // produces the following signature:
    // 1e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa
    // Casper Wallet adds "Casper Message:\n" prefix to the message:
    let message = "Casper Message:\nAhoj przygodo!";
    let message_bytes = &Bytes::from(message.as_bytes().to_vec());

    // Depending on the type of the key, we need to prefix the signature with a tag:
    // 0x01 for ED25519
    // 0x02 for SECP256K1
    let signature_hex = "021e87e186238fa1df9c222b387a79910388c6ef56285924c7e4f6d7e77ed1d6c61815312cf66a5318db204c693b79e020b1d392dafe8c1b3841e1f6b4c41ca0fa";
    let signature: [u8; 65] = hex::decode(signature_hex).unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
    let signature_bytes = &Bytes::from(signature.to_vec());

    // Similar to the above, the public key is tagged:
    let public_key_hex = "02036d9b880e44254afaf34330e57703a63aec53b5918d4470059b67a4a906350105";
    let public_key_decoded = hex::decode(public_key_hex).unwrap();
    let (public_key, _) = odra::casper::casper_types::crypto::PublicKey::from_bytes(
        public_key_decoded.as_slice()
    )
    .unwrap();

    let signature_verifier = SignatureVerifierDeployer::default();
    assert!(signature_verifier.verify_signature(message_bytes, signature_bytes, &public_key));
}

ECRecover​

Odra Standard Library +part of the original Odra Proposal mentioned ECRecover as one of the functions that will be +implemented by the Odra Framework. We decided to add signatures verification instead.

The reasoning behind this decision is that the ECRecover works only with one type of signature. +Odra tries to be backend-agnostic, which implies that it should also be signature-type-agnostic. +This was possible to achieve when implementing generic signature verification, but not with ECRecover.

In short, the implementation of ECRecover would not depend on the backend, pushing it into some kind of +utils library, and those already exist, for example in +solana_program +crate.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/using/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/using/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..582a4f589 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/advanced/using/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Module reusing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Module reusing

This feature of the Odra Framework is designed to enhance the reusability and modularity of your smart contracts. It empowers developers to reuse modules and override custom namespaces. This guide provides an in-depth look at the module reusing feature, complete with practical code examples.

Conceptual Overview​

By default, each instance of a module has its own namespace, ensuring each internal value has a unique storage key.

#[odra::module]
struct Contract {
    value: Variable<u8>, // the default namespace would be "value"
    module: Module
}

#[odra::module]
struct Module {
    secret: Variable<String> // the default namespace would be "module_secret"
}

While this isolation often proves useful, there are scenarios where shared storage is beneficial.

Usage​

Odra generates an array of keys, prefixing the storage key of child modules with the parent namespace, like in the example above. But what if you want to reuse the same instance of a module? Add a #[odra(using)] attribute to a module to override the default behavior. This is information for the module "Do not prefix storage keys for the given module." so effectively, the child and the parent use the same module instance.

Let's illustrate it with a simple example. The example provided below introduces some additional complexity by featuring deeper module nesting.

use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct SharedStorage {
    pub value: Variable<String>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyStorage {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    pub version: Variable<u8>
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct ComposableContract {
    pub shared: SharedStorage,
    #[odra(using = "shared")]
    pub storage: MyStorage
}

#[odra::module]
impl ComposableContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, version: u8, value: String) {
        self.storage.version.set(version);
        self.shared.value.set(value);
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> String {
        self.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_value_via_storage(&self) -> String {
        self.storage.shared.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::composer::ComplexContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn t() {
        let shared_value = "shared_value".to_string();
        let extra_value: u32 = 314;
        let token = ComplexContractDeployer::init(1, shared_value.clone(), extra_value);

        assert_eq!(token.get_value(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_value_via_storage(), shared_value);
        assert_eq!(token.get_extra_value(), extra_value);
    }
}

In this example, we've introduced a new module, MoreStorage, which nests MyStorage and includes an extra value. The ComplexContract contains SharedStorage and MoreStorage, creating a deeper nesting. Our test ensures that values can be successfully retrieved from different storage levels.

If we had used the default behavior, would have been created (so, they would no longer be shared), each having distinct namespaces:

  1. On the contract level - contract_shared_value.
  2. On the MyStorage module level - contract_more_storage_shared_value.

This example showcases how you can effectively use the module reusing feature to build intricate and efficient smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9df0553e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Types​

A struct to be written into the storage must implement OdraType which is defined as follow:

pub trait OdraType: 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

The other exposed types are:

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement SerializableEvent which is defined as follow:

pub trait SerializableEvent: 
    odra_types::event::OdraEvent + 
    casper_types::CLTyped + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::ToBytes + 
    casper_types::bytesrepr::FromBytes {}

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling contract_env::attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The contract_env::self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The contract_env::caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call contract_env::self_balance, which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Constructors​

Let's define a basic Odra module that includes a constructor:

#[odra::module]
struct Counter {
    value: Variable<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Counter {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub initialize(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }
}

Read more about constructors here.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you have to specify following arguments.

Required arguments:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Optional arguments:

  • odra_cfg_constructor - String type. If the contract has the constructor entry point marked with #[odra(init)], this should be set to the constructor name.
  • constructor arguments that match entry point set in odra_cfg_constructor.

Contract Deploys​

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'initialize'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. Option<U512> type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in MockVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68dd84ab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/mock-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +MockVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

MockVM

The MockVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to MockVM tests run a lot faster than other backends and debugging is a lot simpler.

Usage​

The MockVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

MockVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is just a list of contracts deployed onto the MockVM, identified by an Address. +Each time we call the contract, we call its instance stored in the Contract Register.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the MockVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the MockVM State holds only the current state of the MockVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +MockVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the MockVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, MockVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4de9dd995 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like MockVM, +or a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Test Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Test Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Test Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d9c085e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them on multiple backends (blockchains).

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands will help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This will create a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.5.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.3.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it will create a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This will create a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

Most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It will run your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than virtual machines +provided by blockchains developers and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra will build the project, the Casper builder, generate the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploy the contracts onto it and run the tests against it. Pretty neat. +Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than MockVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why MockVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Where casper is the name of the backend we are using in this example. If the build process +finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder.

Updating dependencies​

You will learn later, that the project using Odra contains more than one Rust project - your own and +one or more builders. To run cargo update on all of them at once instead of traversing all the folders +you can use this command:

cargo odra update

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0872d6f96 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{BlockTime, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    created_at: Variable<BlockTime>,
    created_by: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(odra::contract_env::get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are calling functions from odra::contract_env. get_block_time() will return +the current block time wrapped in Odra type BlockTime. caller() will return an Odra Address of +a caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).

info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c65b5ed3e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::Variable;
use odra::types::{Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Variable<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap();
        MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine {
}

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To call the external contract, we use the Ref that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineRef::at(math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned Ref already in our Testing article. +It is a reference to already deployed - running contract. +Here we are going to take a deeper look at it.

Similarly to a Deployer, the Ref is generated automatically, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +To get an instance of a reference, we can either deploy a contract (using Deployer) or by building it +directly, using ::at(address: Address) method, as shown above. +The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), alongside couple methods:

  • at(Address) -> Self - points the reference to an Address
  • address() -> Address - returns the Address the reference is currently pointing at
  • with_tokens(Amount) -> Self - attaches Amount of native tokens to the next call

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] macro. This macro should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderRef struct (but do not create the AdderDeployer). Having an address we can call:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
AdderRef::at(address).add(3, 5)

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use super::{CrossContractDeployer, MathEngineDeployer};

#[test]
fn test_cross_calls() {
    let math_engine_contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
    let cross_contract = CrossContractDeployer::init(math_engine_contract.address());

    assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
}

Each test start with a fresh instance of blockchain - no contracts are deployed. To test an external contract we deploy a MathEngine contract first, but we are not going to use it directly. We take only its address. Let's keep pretending, there is a contract with the add() function we want to use.

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use odra::types::Address;
    use crate::features::cross_calls::{Adder, AdderRef};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let adder = AdderRef::at(get_adder_address());

        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address() -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineDeployer::default();
        contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87a0c5f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── .builder_casper/
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. We are using two features:

  • odra/mock-vm - it is responsible for running tests on Odra's MockVM
  • odra/casper - backend implementation of Casper blockchain +More backends will be released as features that will be possible to enable here.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

.builder_* folders​

Those folders will be created and managed automatically by Cargo Odra. They contain project files necessary +for building wasm files and running them against blockchain VMs. As it is not necessary to modify +files in those folders in any way, by default they are hidden (hence the . at the beginning of the +folder name).

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain of your choosing.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfb7b7716 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::{execution_error, Variable, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::types::Address;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Variable<String>,
    owner: Variable<Address>,
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerNotSet => 1,
        NotAnOwner => 2,
    }
}


#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(odra::contract_env::caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = odra::contract_env::caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using execution_error! macro to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You and the users of your contract will be thankful for a meaningful error message!

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
odra::contract_env::revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? We've already mentioned a function - assert_exception. This is how you will +use it:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use super::{OwnedContractDeployer, OwnedContractRef};
use super::Error;

#[test]
fn test_owner_error() {
    let owner = odra::test_env::get_account(0);
    let not_an_owner = odra::test_env::get_account(1);

    odra::test_env::set_caller(owner);
    let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractDeployer::init("OwnedContract".to_string());

    odra::test_env::set_caller(not_an_owner);
    odra::test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotAnOwner, || {
        owned_contract.change_name("NewName".to_string());
    })
}

In the example above, because we are calling the change_name method as an address which is not an "owner", +we are expecting that "NotAnOwner" error will be thrown.

note

Here we are creating another reference to the already deployed contract using OwnedContractRef::at() and passing to it +its Address. Note that OwnedContractDeployer::init() returns the same type.

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eca53461a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Events

Different blockchains implement events in different ways. Odra lets you forget about it by introducing +Odra Events. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::{Event, contract_env};
use odra::types::{Address, BlockTime, event::OdraEvent};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract {
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&self) {
        PartyStarted {
            caller: contract_env::caller(),
            block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
        }.emit();
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, we derive an Event macro like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: BlockTime,
}

Among other things, it adds an emit() function to the struct, which allows you to emit the event simply +as that:

examples/src/features/events.rs
PartyStarted {
    caller: contract_env::caller(),
    block_time: contract_env::get_block_time(),
}.emit();

Some backends may need to know all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] macro.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's test_env comes with a handy macro assert_events! which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::{assert_events, test_env};
use crate::features::events::PartyStarted;
use super::PartyContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let party_contract = PartyContractDeployer::init();
    assert_events!(
        party_contract,
        PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env::get_account(0),
            block_time: 0,
        }
    );
}

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bd209c0f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Variable, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Variables and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Variable<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The #[odra(init)] macro marks the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Variable<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using FlipperDeployer - a piece of code generated automatically thanks to the macros. +The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bca17e9e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to a macro #[odra::module]. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: MathEngine,
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the ERC20 example in the main odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use super::ModulesContractDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let modules_contract = ModulesContractDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e421d1130 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::contract_env;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet {
}

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: Balance) {
        contract_env::transfer_tokens(contract_env::caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new macro used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from contract_env - transfer_tokens. +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it will transfer native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

We are also using the Balance - an Odra type that wraps around the type that the underlying blockchain uses +for counting tokens.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, test_env comes with a function - +token_balance:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::types::Balance;
use odra::test_env;
use super::PublicWalletDeployer;

#[test]
fn test_modules() {
    let mut my_contract = PublicWalletDeployer::default();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::zero());

    my_contract.with_tokens(Balance::from(100)).deposit();
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(100));

    my_contract.withdraw(Balance::from(25));
    assert_eq!(test_env::token_balance(my_contract.address()), Balance::from(75));
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..070d7a2c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The name will be used as a name for the contract - the generated wasm file will be in the above case named +flipper.wasm.

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the builder to locate the exact struct where +the contract is defined.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
name = "flipper"
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
name = "counter"
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..514ffb008 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Variable​

The Variable is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Variable type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Variable<bool>,
    weight: Variable<u32>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: Variable<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Variable wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Variable;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Variable is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Variables section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Variable is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Variable working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Variable<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Variable<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the odra repository in the examples/src/docs/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..711273cd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{Variable, List};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::DogContract3Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The #[odra(module)] macro created a Deployer code for us, which will deploy the contract on the +VM:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3Deployer::init("Mantus".to_string());

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with a macro are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

Test env​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::TestingContractDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn test_env() {
        let testing_contract = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract".to_string());
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        odra::test_env::set_caller(odra::test_env::get_account(1));
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractDeployer::init("MyContract2".to_string());
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert!(creator != creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using odra::test_env::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::contract_env::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

Each test env comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn token_balance(address: Address) -> Balance - it returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time_by(seconds: BlockTime) - it increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(n: usize) -> Address - it returns an nth address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0th account
  • fn assert_exception<F, E>(err: E, block: F) - it executes the block code and expects err to happen
  • fn get_event<T: MockVMType + OdraEvent>(address: Address, index: i32) -> Result<T, EventError> - returns +the event emitted by the contract

Again, we'll see those used in the next articles.

Deployer​

You may be wondering what is the TestingContractDeployer and where did it come from. +It is a piece of code generated automatically for you, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. +If you used the #[odra(init)] on one of the methods, it will be the constructor of your contract. +Odra will make sure that it is called only once, so you can use it to initialize your data structures etc.

If you do not provide the init method, you can deploy the contract using ::default() method. +In the end, you will get a Ref instance (in our case the TestingContractRef) which reimplements all +the methods you defined in the contract, but executes them on a blockchain!

To learn more about the Ref contract, visit the Cross calls article.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0193d0fee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af1f34eb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60d6fc136 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..696922b66 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8e89ace6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eaa826799 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ef88f8fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f6a48c73 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper"]

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
odra-modules = { path = "../modules", default-features = false }

[features]
default = ["mock-vm"]
mock-vm = ["odra/mock-vm", "odra-modules/mock-vm"]
casper = ["odra/casper", "odra-modules/casper"]
danger

odra-modules defines the same features as the core framework. It's essential to add the dependency without default features. And if you define a casper feature in your project, add odra-modules/casperspecifically (it applies to each backend).

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::types::{Address, U256};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: Erc20
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fda3a9cd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Variable;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Variables and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Variable<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn initial_settings(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperDeployer;

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        // To test a module we need to deploy it using autogenerated Deployer. 
        let mut contract = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let mut contract1 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        let contract2 = FlipperDeployer::initial_settings();
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0ba3aba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-uknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called "my_project" and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal MockVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f7e19ef5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Odra framework

Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open +source.

Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains.

A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it +by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, +storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization +to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this +ecosystem.

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example +to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6a1343d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::{types::Address, Event};
use super::access_control::Role;

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L4-L16 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L18-L21 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
use odra::execution_error;

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        MissingRole => 20_000,
        RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress => 20_001,
    }
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::{
    errors::Error,
    events::{RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked}
};
use odra::{
    contract_env,
    types::{event::OdraEvent, Address},
    Mapping
};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<Role, Mapping<Address, bool>>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_instance(role).get_or_default(address)
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &contract_env::caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &contract_env::caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &contract_env::caller() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            contract_env::revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.get_instance(role).set(address, true);
            RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: contract_env::caller()
            }
            .emit();
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.get_instance(role).set(address, false);
            RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: contract_env::caller()
            }
            .emit();
        }
    }
}
  • L11 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L13 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L15-L19 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L23-L25 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L54 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L55-L59 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L61-L70 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L72-L94 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L27-L34 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L36-L51 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
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+
Version: 0.7.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token possesses an attribute that renders it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • advanced storage - key-value pairs,
  • Odra types like Address or Balance,
  • advanced events assertion.

Code​

Our module has a pretty complex storage layout in comparison to the previous example.

We need to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Users' balances.
  4. Allowances - in other words: who is allowed to spend whose tokens on his/her behalf.

Module definition​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Variable<u8>,
    symbol: Variable<String>,
    name: Variable<String>,
    total_supply: Variable<Balance>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, Balance>,
    allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, Balance>>
}
  • L6 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping. You may notice the balances property maps Address to Balance. If you deal with addresses or you operate on tokens, you should always choose Address over String and Balance over any numeric type. Each blockchain may handle these values differently. Using Odra types guarantees proper behavior on each target platform.
  • L7 - Odra allows nested Mappings, what we utilize to store allowances.

Metadata​

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(amount);
        Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: Balance
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L10 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L12-L14 - Getter functions are straightforward, but there is one worth-mentioning subtleness. In the Ownable example, we used the get() function returning an Option<T>. If the type implements Default trait, you can call get_or_default() function and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized.
  • L29 - The second impl is not an odra module, in other words these function will not be a part of contract's ABI.
  • L30-L39 - Mint function is public, so like in a regular rust code will be accessible from the outside. mint() use notation self.balances.add(&address, amount);, which it is syntactic sugar for:
let current_balance = self.balances.get(&address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = current_balance.overflowing_add(current_balance).unwrap_or_revert();
self.balances.set(&address, new_balance);

Core​

For the sake of completeness, let's implement the remaining functionalities like transfer, transfer_from, or approve. They are not introducing any new concepts, so we leave them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let caller = contract_env::caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let spender = contract_env::caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner = contract_env::caller();
        self.allowances.get_instance(&owner).set(spender, *amount);
        Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender)
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        let allowance = self.allowances.get_instance(owner).get_or_default(spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .get_instance(owner)
            .set(spender, new_allowance);
        Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        InsufficientBalance => 1,
        InsufficientAllowance => 2,
    }
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{Approval, Erc20Deployer, Erc20Ref, Error, Transfer};
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env, types::U256};

    pub const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    pub const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    pub const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    pub const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    pub fn setup() -> Erc20Ref {
        Erc20Deployer::init(
            String::from(NAME),
            String::from(SYMBOL),
            DECIMALS,
            INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        let erc20 = setup();

        assert_eq!(&erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL);
        assert_eq!(&erc20.name(), NAME);
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(test_env::get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (sender, recipient) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let recipient = test_env::get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::from(1);

        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientBalance, || {
            erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount)
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, recipient, spender) = (
            test_env::get_account(0),
            test_env::get_account(1),
            test_env::get_account(2)
        );
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        );

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert_events!(
            erc20,
            Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            },
            Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        );
        
        assert_events!(erc20, Approval, Transfer);
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        let mut erc20 = setup();
        let (owner, spender) = (test_env::get_account(0), test_env::get_account(1));
        let amount = 1_000.into();

        test_env::set_caller(spender);
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::InsufficientAllowance, || {
            erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &spender, &amount)
        });
    }
}
  • L111-123 - assert_events!() macro accepts multiple events. You must pass them in the order they were emitted.
  • L125 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.
danger

You can not mix both approaches, you pass full events or types only.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a822429cb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining constructors,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

use odra::{types::Address, Variable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Variable<Address>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basic before we move on.

  • L3 - Firstly, we need create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module] to it above.
  • L5 - Then we can define a layout of our module. That is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important you can never leave a raw type, you must always wrap it with Variable.

Init the module​

use odra::{
    execution_error, contract_env, Event, types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}
};
...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: &Address) {
        if self.owner.get().is_some() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(*owner);
        
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: *owner
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 1,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L5 - The impl should be an odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L7 - The init function is marked as #[odra(init)] making it a constructor. It matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose we defined an Error enum. Notice that the Error enum is defined inside the execution_error macro. It generates, among others, the required Into<ExecutionError> binding.
  • L9-L11 - If the owner has been set already, we call contract_env::revert() function. As an argument we pass Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized.
  • L13 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so we call the set() on Variable.
  • L29-L33 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. First step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L23 - Finally, we create the OwnershipChanged struct and call emit() function on it (import odra::types::event::OdraEvent trait). Hence we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get().as_ref() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(*new_owner);
        OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => contract_env::revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        NotOwner => 1,
        OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized => 2,
        OwnerIsNotInitialized => 3,
    }
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should easy for you to get along.

  • L5,L32 - ensure_ownership() is reads the current owner, and reverts if is does not match the input Address. Also we need to update our Error enum adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the contract_env::caller() function. The we update the state, and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L22,L34 - Lastly, a getter function. As the Variable get() function returns an Option, we need to handle a possible error. If someone call the getter on uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized.

Test​

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{assert_events, test_env};

    fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef) {
        let owner = test_env::get_account(0);
        let ownable = OwnableDeployer::init(owner);
        (owner, ownable)
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (owner, ownable) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (owner, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        
        test_env::set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);
        assert_events!(
            ownable,
            OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (_, mut ownable) = setup();
        let new_owner = test_env::get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        test_env::assert_exception(Error::NotOwner, || {
            ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        });
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we defined the setup() function we call as the first statement in each test. Take a look at the signature fn setup() -> (Address, OwnableRef). OwnableRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us call all the defined entrypoints namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init() which is a constructor.
  • L7 - Now, the module needs an owner, the easiest way is to take one from the test_env. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L8 - Odra created for us OwnableDeployer struct which implements all constructor functions. In this case there is just one function - init() which corresponds the function we have implemented in the module.
  • L12 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular rust test.
  • L14-15 - Using the setup() function we get the owner, and a reference. We make a standard assertion comparing the owner we know, with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L17-23 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event has been emitted. To assert that, let's use Odra's macro assert_events. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by as many events as you expect have occurred.
  • L30 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0-th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the test env predefines 20 accounts.
  • L32 - As mentioned, the default is the 0-th account, if you want to change the executor call the test_env::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L49-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call test_env::assert_exception() with the error you expect and a failing block of code.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..850eab964 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow minting tokens but only the module owner.
  3. The current owner should be able to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: Ownable,
    erc20: Erc20
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
use odra::types::{Address, Balance}

...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    #[odra(init)]
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: &Balance) {
        let deployer = contract_env::caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> Balance {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &Balance) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&contract_env::caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L10-L11 - A constructor is a great place to init both modules at once.
  • L14-L16 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegates them to the erc20 module.
  • L50-L52 - The same we do with the ownable module.
  • L58-L61 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..195b277fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.7.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.7.0

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

use odra::{Event, types::Address};

odra::execution_error! {
    pub enum Error {
        PausedRequired => 1_000,
        UnpausedRequired => 1_001,
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Variable of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

#[odra::module]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Variable<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            contract_env::revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Variable is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        Paused {
            account: contract_env::caller()
        }
        .emit();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        Unpaused {
            account: contract_env::caller()
        }
        .emit();
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Variable value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

use odra::Variable;
use odra_modules::security::Pausable;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Variable<u32>,
    pauseable: Pausable
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::PausableCounterDeployer;
    use odra_modules::security::errors::Error;

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let mut contract = PausableCounterDeployer::default();
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 0);

        contract.increment();
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
        
        contract.pause();
        odra::test_env::assert_exception(
            Error::UnpausedRequired, 
            || contract.increment()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);

        contract.unpause();
        contract.increment();
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 2);

    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92e5940e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Var<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. +In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type derived from odra::OdraType.

However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Mappings {
    strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Mappings {

    ...

    pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {
        self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));
        opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())
    }
}

As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value.

note

Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers.

Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule.

Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    counter: Sequence<u32>,
    tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.next_value()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {
        let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.balance_of(&address)
    }

    pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {
        let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.mint(amount, to);
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:

  1. Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.
  2. Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.

Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fec57aca8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that +allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. +These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
    let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();
    let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    self.env()
      .emit_event(Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    });
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Var<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..218298d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256,
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256, 
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>,
    exchange: SubModule<Exchange>
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

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+
Version: 0.8.0

Storage Layout

Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This +article explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout.

Casper VM Perspective​

The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or +dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, +making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this +issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This +dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum +length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays.

Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look +like:

pub trait CasperStorage {
    fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
    fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);
}

Odra Perspective​

Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, +we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider +this straightforward storage definition:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Token {
    name: Var<String>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>
}

The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String and +balances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys and +U256 as values.

The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more +complex example:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Loans {
    lenders: SubModule<Token>,
    borrowers: SubModule<Token>,
}

The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have +the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees that +lenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage +dictionary.

Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout +operates.

Key generation.​

Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index +ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an +element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index +serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module.

While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an +example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual +implementation.

Loans {
    lenders: Token {   // prefix: 0x0000
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0000_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0000_0001
    },
    borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0001_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0001_0001
    }
}

Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in the +storage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as +demonstrated in the example.

For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a +key:

0x0001_0001_1234_abcd

Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then +encoded in hexadecimal format.

Value serialization​

Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using +the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's +Bytes types.

Last updated on
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+
Version: 0.8.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[derive(Event)].

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, +you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Deploying a contract to Casper network​

There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. +You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool +or using the Odra's Livenet integration.

Let's explore the first option to better understand the process.

note

If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. +Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments.

When working with the test env via cargo odra or when using +Livenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use +casper-client directly, you have to pass them manually:

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..606d54367 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/livenet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + +Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Livenet

The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local +test node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend +to handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain.

Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM, +however, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state. +This lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but +on the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests.

The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:

  • Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to +pay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the faucet +to get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed +for each action.
  • The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state - +we can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one.
  • Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests.
  • We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, advance_block_time function +is implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.

This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running +the regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will +use a slightly different workflow to test the contracts.

Setup​

To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private +key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use +more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env +file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from +examples folder:

# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used
# to deploy the contracts.
# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit
# the secret key to the repository.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777

# Chain name of the network. Known values:
# - integration-test
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test

# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.
# Main secret key will be 0th account.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem

With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find +a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. +Let's go through the code:

fn main() {
    // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize
    // the environment:
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the
    // OdraVM backend.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,
    // so we need to provide them
    // if we did not import their secret keys.
    let recipient = 
        "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Arguments for the contract init method.
    let name = String::from("Plascoin");
    let symbol = String::from("PLS");
    let decimals = 10u8;
    let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);
    
    // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify
    // the gas limit for each action.
    // The limit will be used for every consecutive action
    // until we change it.
    env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);
    
    // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.
    let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)
    };
    let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);
    
    // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Uncomment to load existing contract.
    // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract
    // that is already deployed.
    // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);

    // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.
    println!("Token name: {}", token.name());

    // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,
    // so we change the amount of gas
    env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);
    token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));

    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));
    println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));
}
note

The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the +Cargo.toml file:

[bin]
name = "erc20_on_livenet"
path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

Usage​

To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled:

cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet
note

Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.

A part of a sample output should look like this:

...
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
💁  INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.
Owner's balance: 4004
Recipient's balance: 4000

Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. +Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. +We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant +and cost us nothing. How it is possible?

info

You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example +can be seen here.

How Livenet backend works​

All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. +It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free.

This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the +node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free.

Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract +(see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and +node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts +and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts

Multiple enviroments​

It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, +multiple nodes or even multiple chains.

To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. +Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file +has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will +override the value from the .env file.

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene

To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/odra-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/odra-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52f63a34a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/odra-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +OdraVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

OdraVM

The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time - +simply use your IDE's debug functionality.

Usage​

The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d41159ed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like OdraVM, +a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM, +or even a real blockchain - when using Livenet backend.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Host Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aa15d47a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations.

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created +with the full template.

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.0 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVM +and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat.

Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build

If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. +Notice, that this command does not require the -b option.

If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option:

cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts

Generating contract schema​

If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command:

cargo odra schema

This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. +If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you.

Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract.

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abe0e5889 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    created_at: Var<u64>,
    created_by: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are using self.env(). It is an implementation of Module::env(), autogenerated +by #[odra::module] attribute. The function returns a reference to the ContractEnv (you can read more in +the Backend section). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables.

In this example, we use two of them:

  • get_block_time() - returns the current block time as u64.
  • caller() - returns an Odra Address of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).
info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffb522d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
        MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To perform a cross-contact call, we use the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract.

In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts.

Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, +by the #[odra::module] attribute.

To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above.

The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract.

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)

Loading the contract​

Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test +our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer:

examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs
fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {
    let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address)
}

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_calls() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let init_args = CrossContractInitArgs {
            math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()
        };
        let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
    }
}

Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize.

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)
        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);
        *contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20370fb8a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── rust-toolchain
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── bin/
|   |── build_contract.rs
|   └── build_schema.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also +added as a dev dependency.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

bin/​

This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. +You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and +are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a45b19c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, OdraError, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerNotSet = 1,
    NotAnOwner = 2
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using the OdraError derive attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:

  1. An error should be a field-less enum.
  2. The enum must derive from OdraError.
  3. Avoid implicit discriminants.
note

In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};
    use odra::host::Deployer;
    use odra::prelude::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_owner_error() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let owner = test_env.get_account(0);
        let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);

        test_env.set_caller(owner);
        let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {
            name: "OwnedContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);
        assert_eq!(
            owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),
            Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())
        );
    }
}

Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult. +OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and +and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name.

In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. +For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, +we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into().

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ff16239a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Events

In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Event};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract;

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    pub fn init(&self) {
        self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
            caller: self.env().caller(),
            block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
        });
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, add the #[derive(Event)] attribute like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64,
}

To emit an event, we use the emit_event function from the ContractEnv, passing the event as an argument:

examples/src/features/events.rs
self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
    caller: self.env().caller(),
    block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
});

To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
    let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
    test_env.emitted_event(
        party_contract.address(),
        &PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env.get_account(0),
            block_time: 0
        }
    );
    // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function
    test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");
    // You can also check how many events were emitted.
    assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);
}

To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce80b3e4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Var<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, +if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated +by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, +as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of +the InitArgs trait provided with the framework.

The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f11ad6b33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;
use odra::module::SubModule;
use odra::prelude::*;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}
info

To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the SubModule type. This is a special type +that crates a keyspace (read more in Storage Layout) and provide access to its public methods.

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the OwnedToken example in the main Odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::ModulesContractHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
    }
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18bd6c9c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::casper_types::U512;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet;

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new attribute used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ContractEnv::transfer_tokens(). +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function - +balance_of:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PublicWalletHostRef;
    use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());

        my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));

        my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11e18d2fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract. +The last segment of the fqn will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will +be in the above case named flipper.wasm.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..421d320a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Var​

The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Var<bool>,
    weight: Var<u32>,
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Var<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Var working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Var<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd6a2e831 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {
            name: "DogContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section.

use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

We are using super to import the DogContract3HostRef and DogContract3InitArgs from the parent module. +{{ModuleName}}HostRef and {{ModuleName}}InitArgs are types that was generated for us by Odra.

DogContract3HostRef is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints) +and implements HostRef trait.

DogContract3InitArgs is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements InitArgs trait. +Considering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:

  1. The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named {{ModuleName}}InitArgs.
  2. The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs.
  3. The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs. +All of those structs implement the odra::host::InitArgs trait, required to conform to the +Deployer::deploy method signature.

The other import is odra::host::Deployer. This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it.

Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract? +{{ModuleName}}HostRef implements the Deployer trait, which provides the deploy method:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with the odra::module attribute are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

HostEnv​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn env() {
        let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract2".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert_ne!(creator, creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). +Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0-th account
  • fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract

Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..111d68997 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9854637ec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a976e75b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c98fa1e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54858b4dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/migrations/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/migrations/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6241dc447 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/migrations/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Migrations | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Migrations

How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d159d36f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad7d6edcb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7292563e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"
odra-modules = "0.8.0"

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9bd9a485c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

Testing​

To run the tests, execute the following command:

cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..179ff3f57 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --locked

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4997f7de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Odra framework

Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for Casper Network. Odra encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

It's free and open source!

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e34ccae5f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.8.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Migration guide to v0.8.0

Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version.

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:

  • Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only.
  • Framework internals redesign.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Add bin directory​

Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory.

You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2. Update Cargo.toml​

There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file.

  • You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.
  • Register bins you added in the previous step.
  • Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.
  • Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process.

Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

2.2. Update Odra.toml​

Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required.

[[contracts]]
fqn = "my_project::Flipper"

2.3. Update Smart Contracts​

The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​

  • Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.
  • odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.
  • Variable is now Var.
  • Remove odra::contract_env.
  • Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.
  • Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.
  • Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;.

2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​

  • Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.
  • BlockTime - use u64.
  • EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes.

2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​

2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​

// Before
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>
}
// After
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​

execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro.

use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.3.6. Update events definitions.​

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Event;

#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

// Emitting the event
self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
   from: None,
   to: Some(*address),
   amount: *amount
});

2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​

self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes.

  • fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.
  • fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).
  • set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions.
  • fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].
  • fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.
  • fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).
  • fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.
  • functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed.

2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]
pub struct Erc721Token {
    core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,
    metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>
}

2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​

However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()).

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Token {
    fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;
}

// Usage
TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)

2.3.10. Update constructors.​

Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init.

2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​

The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter.

2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​

Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required.

2.4. Update Tests​

Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.4.1. Contract deployment.​

The way you deploy a contract has changed:

  1. You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.
  2. Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.
  3. If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
  4. If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
// A contract without init args
use super::OwnableHostRef;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)

// A contract with init args
use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
    name: NAME.to_string(),
    decimals: DECIMALS,
    initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
};
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

2.4.2. Host interactions.​

  1. Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().
  2. The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences:
    • test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).
    • test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).
    • functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef.

2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​

test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result. +try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro.

#[test]
fn transfer_from_error() {
   let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

   let (owner, spender, recipient) =
      (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
   let amount = 1_000.into();
   env.set_caller(spender);

   assert_eq!(
      erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),
      Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
   );
}

2.4.4. Testing events.​

assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. +The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options.

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

...

assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Approval {
         owner,
         spender,
         value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
   }
));
assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Transfer {
         from: Some(owner),
         to: Some(recipient),
         amount: transfer_amount
   }
));

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   use odra::OdraError;

   #[derive(OdraError)]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
   use super::{
      errors::Error,
      events::{Approval, Transfer},
      Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs
   };
   use odra::{
      casper_types::U256,
      host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},
      prelude::*
   };

   const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
   const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
   const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
   const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

   fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
      let env = odra_test::env();
      (
         env.clone(),
         Erc20HostRef::deploy(
               &env,
               Erc20InitArgs {
                  symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                  name: NAME.to_string(),
                  decimals: DECIMALS,
                  initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
               }
         )
      )
   }

   #[test]
   fn initialization() {
      // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
      let (env, erc20) = setup();

      // Then the contract has the metadata set.
      assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

      // Then the total supply is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

      // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: None,
               to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
               amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_works() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
      let sender = env.get_account(0);
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = 1_000.into();
      erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

      // Then the sender balance is deducted.
      assert_eq!(
         erc20.balance_of(&sender),
         U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
      );

      // Then the recipient balance is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

      // Then Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: Some(sender),
               to: Some(recipient),
               amount
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_error() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

      // Then an error occurs.
      assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
   }

   // Other tests...
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3adca41a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Project Structure​

access-control
├── src
│   ├── access
│   │   ├── access_control.rs
│   │   ├── events.rs
│   │   └── errors.rs
│   └── lib.rs
|── build.rs
|── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Event};
use super::access_control::Role;

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    MissingRole = 20_000,
    RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::events::*;
use super::errors::Error;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{module::Module, Address, Mapping};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &self.env().caller() {
            self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        });
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }
}
  • L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb9529ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract

In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.

We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript.

Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:

Contract​

Let's write a contract with complex storage layout.

The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping.

We will expose two methods:

  1. The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.
  2. The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.
custom_item.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, OdraType, SubModule, Var};

// A custom type with a vector of another custom type
#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule
#[odra::module]
pub struct CustomItem {
    version: Var<u32>,
    meta: Var<Metadata>,
    data: SubModule<Data>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CustomItem {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {
        let meta = Metadata {
            name,
            description,
            prices: vec![
                Price { value: price_1 },
                Price { value: price_2 }
            ]
        };
        self.meta.set(meta);
        self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);
    }

    pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {
        self.data.value.set(value);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);
    }
}

// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule
#[odra::module]
struct Data {
    value: Var<u32>,
    inner: SubModule<InnerData>,
}

// A submodule with a mapping
#[odra::module]
struct InnerData {
    named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

Deploying the contract​

First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file.

cargo odra build -c custom_item

Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \ 
    --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \
    --payment-amount 100000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \
    --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \ 
    --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \
    --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'"

Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \ 
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \ 
    --payment-amount 2000000000 \
    --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \
    --session-entry-point "set_data" \
    --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \ 
    --session-arg "name2:string='bob'"

Storage Layout​

To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout.

The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. 

Storage Layout

CustomItem:                 prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  version: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  meta: Metadata,                   0x0..._0000_0000_0001  1
  data: Data:               prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0000  (2 << 4)
    value: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0010_0000  (2 << 4) + 0
    inner: InnerData:       prefix: 0x0..._0010_0001_0000  ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4
      named_values: Mapping         0x0..._0010_0001_0000  ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0

The actual key is obtained as follows:

  1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.
  2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data.
  3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.
  4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).

In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article.

Reading the state​

main.rs
use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};
use casper_types::{
    bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},
    U256,
};

// replace with your contract hash
const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";
const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";
const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";
const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {
    let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        None,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .state_root_hash
    .unwrap();

    // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.
    let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        state_root_hash,
        DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {
            key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),
            dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),
            dictionary_item_key: key,
        },
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .stored_value;

    // We expect the value to be a CLValue
    if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {
        // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.
        cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()
    } else {
        vec![]
    }
}

async fn metadata() -> Metadata {
    // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(1, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the name and store the remaining bytes
    let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // Read the description and store the remaining bytes
    let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements
    // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes
    let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

    let mut prices = vec![];
    // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it
    for _ in 0..size {
        // Read the value and store the remaining bytes
        let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        bytes = rem;
        prices.push(Price { value });
    }
    // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes
    // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.
    // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.
    Metadata {
        name,
        description,
        prices
    }
}

async fn value() -> u32 {
    // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {
    // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes
    let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();
    let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

fn main() {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));
}

// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data
// The algorithm is as follows:
// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array
// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data
// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b
// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)
fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut key = Vec::new();
    key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());
    key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);
    let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);

    hex::encode(&hashed_key)
}

fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut result = [0u8; 32];
    let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)
        .expect("should create hasher");
    let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);
    blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)
        .expect("should copy hash to the result array");
    result
}

cargo run
[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {
    name: "My Contract",
    description: "My Description",
    prices: [
        Price {
            value: 123,
        },
        Price {
            value: 321,
        },
    ],
}
[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666
[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20
[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..202b81fca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • Advanced storage using key-value pairs,
  • Odra types such as Address,
  • Advanced event assertion.

Code​

Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example.

It is designed to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Balances of individual users.
  4. Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.

Module definition​

erc20.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Var<u8>,
    symbol: Var<String>,
    name: Var<String>,
    total_supply: Var<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}
  • L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.
  • L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.

Metadata​

erc20.rs
...
use odra::Event;

...

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(*amount);
        
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: U256
}
  • L6 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L8-L14 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L33 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.
  • L34-L43 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for:
use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;

let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
self.balances.set(address, new_balance);

Core​

To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
...
use odra::OdraError;

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let spender = self.env().caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner = self.env().caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        });
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InsufficientAllowance = 2,
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};

    const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        (
            env.clone(),
            Erc20HostRef::deploy(
                &env,
                Erc20InitArgs {
                    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                    name: NAME.to_string(),
                    decimals: DECIMALS,
                    initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
                }
            )
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
        let (env, erc20) = setup();

        // Then the contract has the metadata set.
        assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

        // Then the total supply is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

        // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
        let sender = env.get_account(0);
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        // Then the sender balance is deducted.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );

        // Then the recipient balance is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

        // Then Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

        // Then an error occurs.
        assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        let (owner, recipient, spender) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        ));

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        env.set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        // Given a new instance.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the spender's allowance is zero.
        let (owner, spender, recipient) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        env.set_caller(spender);

        // Then transfer fails.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),
            Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ce1d8190 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining a constructor,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

ownable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Var<Option<Address>>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on.

  • L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.
  • L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var.

Init the module​

ownable.rs
...
use odra::{Event, OdraError};

...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(Some(owner));
        
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        });
    }
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L7 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L9 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23-26 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the OdraError derive macro is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.
  • L10-L12 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument.
  • L14 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.
  • L28-L32 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L16 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        });
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get_or_default() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    NotOwner = 1,
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,
    OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along.

  • L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead.

Test​

ownable.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};

    fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {
        let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {
            owner: env.get_account(0)
        };
        (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        
        env.set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);

        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        assert_eq!(
            ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), 
            Err(Error::NotOwner.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.
  • L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.
  • L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.
  • L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.
  • L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34ebaac02 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.
  3. Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::module::SubModule;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
...
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};
...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.
  • L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.
  • L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.
  • L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..121d8474d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.0

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

pauseable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Event, OdraError};

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    PausedRequired = 1_000,
    UnpausedRequired = 1_001,
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

pauseable.rs
use odra::Var;
...

#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Var<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        self.env().emit_event(Paused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

pauseable.rs
...
use odra::SubModule;
...

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Var<u32>,
    pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        contract.increment();
        contract.pause();

        assert_eq!(
            contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),
            Error::UnpausedRequired.into()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3146865d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + OdraType
{
    value: Var<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. +In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type derived from odra::OdraType.

However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Mappings {
    strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Mappings {

    ...

    pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {
        self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));
        opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())
    }
}

As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value.

note

Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers.

Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule.

Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    counter: Sequence<u32>,
    tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.next_value()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {
        let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.balance_of(&address)
    }

    pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {
        let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.mint(amount, to);
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:

  1. Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.
  2. Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.

Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ef46f0c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that +allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. +These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
    let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();
    let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    self.env()
      .emit_event(Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    });
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Var<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f1e4b59a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +Building contracts manually | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Building contracts manually

cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes +a better control over the parameters that are passed to the cargo +or the compiler is needed.

This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need +to switch between them during the building and testing.

Knowing that cargo odra is a simple wrapper around cargo, it is easy to replicate +the same behavior by using cargo directly.

Building the contract manually​

To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
info

Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build.

Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build +the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. +The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under +the name my_project_build_contract.wasm.

The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and +to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:

mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm

Optimizing the contract​

To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool:

wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm

To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used.

wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
danger

This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not +fully compatible with the Casper execution engine.

Running the tests manually​

To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. +To run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:

ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test

Wrapping up​

Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the +casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project.

To do that, we can use the following set of commands:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..369a9fa19 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256,
    module::{Module, SubModule},
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn name(&self) -> String;
            pub fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256, 
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>,
    exchange: SubModule<Exchange>
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92b1c6ddf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Storage Layout | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Storage Layout

Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This +article explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout.

Casper VM Perspective​

The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or +dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, +making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this +issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This +dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum +length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays.

Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look +like:

pub trait CasperStorage {
    fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
    fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);
}

Odra Perspective​

Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, +we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider +this straightforward storage definition:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Token {
    name: Var<String>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>
}

The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String and +balances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys and +U256 as values.

The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more +complex example:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Loans {
    lenders: SubModule<Token>,
    borrowers: SubModule<Token>,
}

The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have +the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees that +lenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage +dictionary.

Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout +operates.

Key generation.​

Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index +ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an +element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index +serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module.

While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an +example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual +implementation.

Loans {
    lenders: Token {   // prefix: 0x0000
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0000_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0000_0001
    },
    borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0001_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0001_0001
    }
}

Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in the +storage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as +demonstrated in the example.

For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a +key:

0x0001_0001_1234_abcd

Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then +encoded in hexadecimal format.

Value serialization​

Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using +the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's +Bytes types.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c07a698a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Memory allocators | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Memory allocators

When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std. +This means that instead of using the standard library, the core +crate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain +a memory allocator.

Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests +the one developed by ink! +seems to be the best.

Using a different allocator​

If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that +already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling +the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project:

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }

If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled +during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e5222fad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[derive(Event)].

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, +you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Deploying a contract to Casper network​

There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. +You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool +or using the Odra's Livenet integration.

Let's explore the first option to better understand the process.

note

If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. +Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments.

When working with the test env via cargo odra or when using +Livenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use +casper-client directly, you have to pass them manually:

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8544e1dd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + +Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Livenet

The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local +test node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend +to handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain.

Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM, +however, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state. +This lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but +on the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests.

The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:

  • Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to +pay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the faucet +to get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed +for each action.
  • The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state - +we can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one.
  • Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests.
  • We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, advance_block_time function +is implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.

This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running +the regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will +use a slightly different workflow to test the contracts.

Setup​

To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private +key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use +more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env +file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from +examples folder:

# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used
# to deploy the contracts.
# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit
# the secret key to the repository.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777

# Chain name of the network. Known values:
# - integration-test
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test

# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.
# Main secret key will be 0th account.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem

With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find +a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. +Let's go through the code:

fn main() {
    // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize
    // the environment:
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the
    // OdraVM backend.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,
    // so we need to provide them
    // if we did not import their secret keys.
    let recipient = 
        "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Arguments for the contract init method.
    let name = String::from("Plascoin");
    let symbol = String::from("PLS");
    let decimals = 10u8;
    let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);
    
    // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify
    // the gas limit for each action.
    // The limit will be used for every consecutive action
    // until we change it.
    env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);
    
    // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.
    let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)
    };
    let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);
    
    // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Uncomment to load existing contract.
    // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract
    // that is already deployed.
    // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);

    // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.
    println!("Token name: {}", token.name());

    // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,
    // so we change the amount of gas
    env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);
    token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));

    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));
    println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));
}
note

The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the +Cargo.toml file:

[bin]
name = "erc20_on_livenet"
path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

Usage​

To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled:

cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet
note

Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.

A part of a sample output should look like this:

...
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
💁  INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.
Owner's balance: 4004
Recipient's balance: 4000

Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. +Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. +We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant +and cost us nothing. How it is possible?

info

You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example +can be seen here.

How Livenet backend works​

All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. +It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free.

This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the +node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free.

Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract +(see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and +node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts +and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts

Multiple enviroments​

It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, +multiple nodes or even multiple chains.

To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. +Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file +has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will +override the value from the .env file.

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene

To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8b93bd06 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +OdraVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

OdraVM

The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time - +simply use your IDE's debug functionality.

Usage​

The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6afdbd7be --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like OdraVM, +a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM, +or even a real blockchain - when using Livenet backend.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Host Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f244bfbb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations.

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created +with the full template.

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.1 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVM +and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat.

Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build

If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. +Notice, that this command does not require the -b option.

If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option:

cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts

Generating contract schema​

If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command:

cargo odra schema

This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. +If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you.

Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract.

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63a539e68 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, module::Module, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    created_at: Var<u64>,
    created_by: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are using self.env(). It is an implementation of Module::env(), autogenerated +by #[odra::module] macro. The function returns a reference to the ContractEnv (you can read more in +the Backend section). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables.

In this example, we use two of them:

  • get_block_time() - returns the current block time as u64.
  • caller() - returns an Odra Address of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).
info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93a5434ee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
        MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To perform a cross-contact call, we use the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract.

In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts.

Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, +by the #[odra::module] attribute.

To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above.

The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract.

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)

Loading the contract​

Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test +our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer:

examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs
fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {
    let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address)
}

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_calls() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let init_args = CrossContractInitArgs {
            math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()
        };
        let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
    }
}

Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize.

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)
        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);
        *contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63c19cc02 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── rust-toolchain
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── bin/
|   |── build_contract.rs
|   └── build_schema.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.1"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.1"

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also +added as a dev dependency.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

bin/​

This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. +You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and +are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4725aa70b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, OdraError, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerNotSet = 1,
    NotAnOwner = 2
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using the OdraError derive attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:

  1. An error should be a field-less enum.
  2. The enum must derive from OdraError.
  3. Avoid implicit discriminants.
note

In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};
    use odra::host::Deployer;
    use odra::prelude::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_owner_error() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let owner = test_env.get_account(0);
        let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);

        test_env.set_caller(owner);
        let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {
            name: "OwnedContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);
        assert_eq!(
            owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),
            Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())
        );
    }
}

Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult. +OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and +and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name.

In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. +For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, +we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into().

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f194a02d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Events

In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Event};

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract;

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    pub fn init(&self) {
        self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
            caller: self.env().caller(),
            block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
        });
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, add the #[derive(Event)] attribute like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64,
}

To emit an event, we use the emit_event function from the ContractEnv, passing the event as an argument:

examples/src/features/events.rs
self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
    caller: self.env().caller(),
    block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
});

To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
    let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
    test_env.emitted_event(
        party_contract.address(),
        &PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env.get_account(0),
            block_time: 0
        }
    );
    // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function
    test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");
    // You can also check how many events were emitted.
    assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);
}

To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f486f005 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Var<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, +if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated +by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, +as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of +the InitArgs trait provided with the framework.

The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..817892285 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;
use odra::module::SubModule;
use odra::prelude::*;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}
info

To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the SubModule type. This is a special type +that crates a keyspace (read more in Storage Layout) and provide access to its public methods.

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the OwnedToken example in the main Odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::ModulesContractHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
    }
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46ae16062 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::casper_types::U512;

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet;

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new attribute used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ContractEnv::transfer_tokens(). +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function - +balance_of:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PublicWalletHostRef;
    use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());

        my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));

        my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d94a9c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract. +The last segment of the fqn will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will +be in the above case named flipper.wasm.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eebc61742 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Var​

The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Var<bool>,
    weight: Var<u32>,
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Var<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Var working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Var<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: 

use odra::{Address, OdraType};

#[derive(OdraType)]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each field of your struct must be an OdraType.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddc314c7f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {
            name: "DogContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section.

use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

We are using super to import the DogContract3HostRef and DogContract3InitArgs from the parent module. +{{ModuleName}}HostRef and {{ModuleName}}InitArgs are types that was generated for us by Odra.

DogContract3HostRef is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints) +and implements HostRef trait.

DogContract3InitArgs is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements InitArgs trait. +Considering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:

  1. The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named {{ModuleName}}InitArgs.
  2. The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs.
  3. The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs. +All of those structs implement the odra::host::InitArgs trait, required to conform to the +Deployer::deploy method signature.

The other import is odra::host::Deployer. This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it.

Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract? +{{ModuleName}}HostRef implements the Deployer trait, which provides the deploy method:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with the odra::module attribute are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

HostEnv​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn env() {
        let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract2".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert_ne!(creator, creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). +Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0-th account
  • fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract

Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f42378b3d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db4b5e75a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7410ba5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adf38f529 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c25d4fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/migrations/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/migrations/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69a478fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/migrations/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Migrations | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Migrations

How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caf898873 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da1ed2d7f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..423271419 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.1"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.1"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.1"
odra-modules = "0.8.1"

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71f17f834 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

Testing​

To run the tests, execute the following command:

cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d683846d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --locked

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..371ba3674 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Odra framework

Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for Casper Network. Odra encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

It's free and open source!

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8de1518c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.8.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Migration guide to v0.8.0

Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version.

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:

  • Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only.
  • Framework internals redesign.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Add bin directory​

Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory.

You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2. Update Cargo.toml​

There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file.

  • You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.
  • Register bins you added in the previous step.
  • Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.
  • Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process.

Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

2.2. Update Odra.toml​

Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required.

[[contracts]]
fqn = "my_project::Flipper"

2.3. Update Smart Contracts​

The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​

  • Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.
  • odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.
  • Variable is now Var.
  • Remove odra::contract_env.
  • Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.
  • Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.
  • Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;.

2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​

  • Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.
  • BlockTime - use u64.
  • EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes.

2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​

2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​

// Before
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>
}
// After
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​

execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro.

use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.3.6. Update events definitions.​

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Event;

#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

// Emitting the event
self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
   from: None,
   to: Some(*address),
   amount: *amount
});

2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​

self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes.

  • fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.
  • fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).
  • set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions.
  • fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].
  • fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.
  • fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).
  • fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.
  • functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed.

2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]
pub struct Erc721Token {
    core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,
    metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>
}

2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​

However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()).

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Token {
    fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;
}

// Usage
TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)

2.3.10. Update constructors.​

Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init.

2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​

The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter.

2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​

Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required.

2.4. Update Tests​

Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.4.1. Contract deployment.​

The way you deploy a contract has changed:

  1. You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.
  2. Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.
  3. If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
  4. If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
// A contract without init args
use super::OwnableHostRef;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)

// A contract with init args
use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
    name: NAME.to_string(),
    decimals: DECIMALS,
    initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
};
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

2.4.2. Host interactions.​

  1. Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().
  2. The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences:
    • test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).
    • test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).
    • functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef.

2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​

test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result. +try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro.

#[test]
fn transfer_from_error() {
   let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

   let (owner, spender, recipient) =
      (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
   let amount = 1_000.into();
   env.set_caller(spender);

   assert_eq!(
      erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),
      Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
   );
}

2.4.4. Testing events.​

assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. +The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options.

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

...

assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Approval {
         owner,
         spender,
         value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
   }
));
assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Transfer {
         from: Some(owner),
         to: Some(recipient),
         amount: transfer_amount
   }
));

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   use odra::OdraError;

   #[derive(OdraError)]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
   use super::{
      errors::Error,
      events::{Approval, Transfer},
      Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs
   };
   use odra::{
      casper_types::U256,
      host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},
      prelude::*
   };

   const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
   const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
   const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
   const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

   fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
      let env = odra_test::env();
      (
         env.clone(),
         Erc20HostRef::deploy(
               &env,
               Erc20InitArgs {
                  symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                  name: NAME.to_string(),
                  decimals: DECIMALS,
                  initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
               }
         )
      )
   }

   #[test]
   fn initialization() {
      // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
      let (env, erc20) = setup();

      // Then the contract has the metadata set.
      assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

      // Then the total supply is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

      // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: None,
               to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
               amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_works() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
      let sender = env.get_account(0);
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = 1_000.into();
      erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

      // Then the sender balance is deducted.
      assert_eq!(
         erc20.balance_of(&sender),
         U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
      );

      // Then the recipient balance is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

      // Then Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: Some(sender),
               to: Some(recipient),
               amount
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_error() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

      // Then an error occurs.
      assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
   }

   // Other tests...
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47e451776 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Project Structure​

access-control
├── src
│   ├── access
│   │   ├── access_control.rs
│   │   ├── events.rs
│   │   └── errors.rs
│   └── lib.rs
|── build.rs
|── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Event};
use super::access_control::Role;

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    MissingRole = 20_000,
    RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::events::*;
use super::errors::Error;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{module::Module, Address, Mapping};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &self.env().caller() {
            self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        });
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }
}
  • L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..520b9972e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract

In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.

We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript.

Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:

Contract​

Let's write a contract with complex storage layout.

The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping.

We will expose two methods:

  1. The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.
  2. The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.
custom_item.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, OdraType, SubModule, Var};

// A custom type with a vector of another custom type
#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule
#[odra::module]
pub struct CustomItem {
    version: Var<u32>,
    meta: Var<Metadata>,
    data: SubModule<Data>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CustomItem {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {
        let meta = Metadata {
            name,
            description,
            prices: vec![
                Price { value: price_1 },
                Price { value: price_2 }
            ]
        };
        self.meta.set(meta);
        self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);
    }

    pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {
        self.data.value.set(value);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);
    }
}

// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule
#[odra::module]
struct Data {
    value: Var<u32>,
    inner: SubModule<InnerData>,
}

// A submodule with a mapping
#[odra::module]
struct InnerData {
    named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

Deploying the contract​

First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file.

cargo odra build -c custom_item

Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \ 
    --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \
    --payment-amount 100000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \
    --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \ 
    --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \
    --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'"

Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \ 
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \ 
    --payment-amount 2000000000 \
    --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \
    --session-entry-point "set_data" \
    --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \ 
    --session-arg "name2:string='bob'"

Storage Layout​

To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout.

The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. 

Storage Layout

CustomItem:                 prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  version: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  meta: Metadata,                   0x0..._0000_0000_0001  1
  data: Data:               prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0000  (2 << 4)
    value: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0010_0000  (2 << 4) + 0
    inner: InnerData:       prefix: 0x0..._0010_0001_0000  ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4
      named_values: Mapping         0x0..._0010_0001_0000  ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0

The actual key is obtained as follows:

  1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.
  2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data.
  3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.
  4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).

In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article.

Reading the state​

main.rs
use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};
use casper_types::{
    bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},
    U256,
};

// replace with your contract hash
const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";
const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";
const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";
const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {
    let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        None,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .state_root_hash
    .unwrap();

    // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.
    let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        state_root_hash,
        DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {
            key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),
            dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),
            dictionary_item_key: key,
        },
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .stored_value;

    // We expect the value to be a CLValue
    if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {
        // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.
        cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()
    } else {
        vec![]
    }
}

async fn metadata() -> Metadata {
    // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(1, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the name and store the remaining bytes
    let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // Read the description and store the remaining bytes
    let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements
    // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes
    let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

    let mut prices = vec![];
    // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it
    for _ in 0..size {
        // Read the value and store the remaining bytes
        let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        bytes = rem;
        prices.push(Price { value });
    }
    // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes
    // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.
    // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.
    Metadata {
        name,
        description,
        prices
    }
}

async fn value() -> u32 {
    // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {
    // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes
    let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();
    let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

fn main() {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));
}

// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data
// The algorithm is as follows:
// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array
// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data
// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b
// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)
fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut key = Vec::new();
    key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());
    key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);
    let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);

    hex::encode(&hashed_key)
}

fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut result = [0u8; 32];
    let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)
        .expect("should create hasher");
    let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);
    blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)
        .expect("should copy hash to the result array");
    result
}

cargo run
[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {
    name: "My Contract",
    description: "My Description",
    prices: [
        Price {
            value: 123,
        },
        Price {
            value: 321,
        },
    ],
}
[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666
[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20
[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32b4e9489 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • Advanced storage using key-value pairs,
  • Odra types such as Address,
  • Advanced event assertion.

Code​

Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example.

It is designed to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Balances of individual users.
  4. Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.

Module definition​

erc20.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Var<u8>,
    symbol: Var<String>,
    name: Var<String>,
    total_supply: Var<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}
  • L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.
  • L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.

Metadata​

erc20.rs
...
use odra::Event;

...

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(*amount);
        
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: U256
}
  • L6 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L8-L14 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L33 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.
  • L34-L43 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for:
use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;

let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
self.balances.set(address, new_balance);

Core​

To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
...
use odra::OdraError;

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let spender = self.env().caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner = self.env().caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        });
    }
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InsufficientAllowance = 2,
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};

    const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        (
            env.clone(),
            Erc20HostRef::deploy(
                &env,
                Erc20InitArgs {
                    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                    name: NAME.to_string(),
                    decimals: DECIMALS,
                    initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
                }
            )
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
        let (env, erc20) = setup();

        // Then the contract has the metadata set.
        assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

        // Then the total supply is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

        // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
        let sender = env.get_account(0);
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        // Then the sender balance is deducted.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );

        // Then the recipient balance is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

        // Then Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

        // Then an error occurs.
        assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        let (owner, recipient, spender) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        ));

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        env.set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        // Given a new instance.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the spender's allowance is zero.
        let (owner, spender, recipient) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        env.set_caller(spender);

        // Then transfer fails.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),
            Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6319d40a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining a constructor,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

ownable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Var<Option<Address>>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on.

  • L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.
  • L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var.

Init the module​

ownable.rs
...
use odra::{Event, OdraError};

...

#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(Some(owner));
        
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        });
    }
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,
}

#[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L7 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L9 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L23-26 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the OdraError derive macro is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.
  • L10-L12 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument.
  • L14 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.
  • L28-L32 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.
  • L16 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        });
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get_or_default() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    NotOwner = 1,
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,
    OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along.

  • L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead.

Test​

ownable.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};

    fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {
        let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {
            owner: env.get_account(0)
        };
        (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        
        env.set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);

        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        assert_eq!(
            ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), 
            Err(Error::NotOwner.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.
  • L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.
  • L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.
  • L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.
  • L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32fc2bbb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.
  3. Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::module::SubModule;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
...
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};
...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.
  • L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.
  • L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.
  • L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a13d18667 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.8.1

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

pauseable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Event, OdraError};

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
    PausedRequired = 1_000,
    UnpausedRequired = 1_001,
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

pauseable.rs
use odra::Var;
...

#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Var<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        self.env().emit_event(Paused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

pauseable.rs
...
use odra::SubModule;
...

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Var<u32>,
    pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        contract.increment();
        contract.pause();

        assert_eq!(
            contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),
            Error::UnpausedRequired.into()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2fb9806b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped
{
    value: Var<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. +In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Mappings {
    strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Mappings {

    ...

    pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {
        self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));
        opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())
    }
}

As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value.

note

Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers.

Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule.

Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    counter: Sequence<u32>,
    tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.next_value()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {
        let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.balance_of(&address)
    }

    pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {
        let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.mint(amount, to);
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:

  1. Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.
  2. Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.

Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

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+
Version: 0.9.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that +allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. +These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
    let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();
    let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    self.env()
      .emit_event(Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    });
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Var<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..efc1216d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/building-manually/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +Building contracts manually | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Building contracts manually

cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes +a better control over the parameters that are passed to the cargo +or the compiler is needed.

This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need +to switch between them during the building and testing.

Knowing that cargo odra is a simple wrapper around cargo, it is easy to replicate +the same behavior by using cargo directly.

Building the contract manually​

To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
info

Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build.

Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build +the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. +The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under +the name my_project_build_contract.wasm.

The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and +to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:

mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm

Optimizing the contract​

To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool:

wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm

To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used.

wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
danger

This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not +fully compatible with the Casper execution engine.

Running the tests manually​

To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. +To run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:

ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test

Wrapping up​

Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the +casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project.

To do that, we can use the following set of commands:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator
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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02f9b649c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256,
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256, 
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>,
    exchange: SubModule<Exchange>
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fc1391aa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/advanced/storage-layout/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Storage Layout | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Storage Layout

Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This +article explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout.

Casper VM Perspective​

The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or +dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, +making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this +issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This +dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum +length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays.

Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look +like:

pub trait CasperStorage {
    fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
    fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);
}

Odra Perspective​

Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, +we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider +this straightforward storage definition:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Token {
    name: Var<String>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>
}

The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String and +balances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys and +U256 as values.

The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more +complex example:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Loans {
    lenders: SubModule<Token>,
    borrowers: SubModule<Token>,
}

The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have +the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees that +lenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage +dictionary.

Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout +operates.

Key generation.​

Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index +ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an +element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index +serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module.

While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an +example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual +implementation.

Loans {
    lenders: Token {   // prefix: 0x0000
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0000_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0000_0001
    },
    borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0001_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0001_0001
    }
}

Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in the +storage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as +demonstrated in the example.

For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a +key:

0x0001_0001_1234_abcd

Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then +encoded in hexadecimal format.

Value serialization​

Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using +the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's +Bytes types.

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+
Version: 0.9.0

Memory allocators

When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std. +This means that instead of using the standard library, the core +crate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain +a memory allocator.

Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests +the one developed by ink! +seems to be the best.

Using a different allocator​

If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that +already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling +the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project:

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }

If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled +during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..142df0686 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event].

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, +you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Deploying a contract to Casper network​

There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. +You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool +or using the Odra's Livenet integration.

Let's explore the first option to better understand the process.

note

If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. +Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments.

When working with the test env via cargo odra or when using +Livenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use +casper-client directly, you have to pass them manually:

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e768039b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/livenet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + +Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Livenet

The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local +test node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend +to handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain.

Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM, +however, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state. +This lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but +on the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests.

The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:

  • Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to +pay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the faucet +to get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed +for each action.
  • The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state - +we can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one.
  • Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests.
  • We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, advance_block_time function +is implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.

This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running +the regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will +use a slightly different workflow to test the contracts.

Setup​

To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private +key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use +more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env +file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from +examples folder:

# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used
# to deploy the contracts.
# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit
# the secret key to the repository.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777

# Chain name of the network. Known values:
# - integration-test
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test

# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.
# Main secret key will be 0th account.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem

With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find +a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. +Let's go through the code:

fn main() {
    // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize
    // the environment:
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the
    // OdraVM backend.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,
    // so we need to provide them
    // if we did not import their secret keys.
    let recipient = 
        "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Arguments for the contract init method.
    let name = String::from("Plascoin");
    let symbol = String::from("PLS");
    let decimals = 10u8;
    let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);
    
    // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify
    // the gas limit for each action.
    // The limit will be used for every consecutive action
    // until we change it.
    env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);
    
    // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.
    let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)
    };
    let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);
    
    // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Uncomment to load existing contract.
    // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract
    // that is already deployed.
    // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);

    // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.
    println!("Token name: {}", token.name());

    // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,
    // so we change the amount of gas
    env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);
    token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));

    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));
    println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));
}
note

The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the +Cargo.toml file:

[bin]
name = "erc20_on_livenet"
path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

Usage​

To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled:

cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet
note

Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.

A part of a sample output should look like this:

...
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
💁  INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.
Owner's balance: 4004
Recipient's balance: 4000

Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. +Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. +We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant +and cost us nothing. How it is possible?

info

You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example +can be seen here.

How Livenet backend works​

All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. +It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free.

This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the +node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free.

Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract +(see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and +node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts +and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts

Multiple environments​

It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, +multiple nodes or even multiple chains.

To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. +Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file +has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will +override the value from the .env file.

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene

To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/odra-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/odra-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f8fa3ae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/odra-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +OdraVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

OdraVM

The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time - +simply use your IDE's debug functionality.

Usage​

The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b08671b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like OdraVM, +a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM, +or even a real blockchain - when using Livenet backend.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Host Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28e5dfa4f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations.

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created +with the full template.

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.0 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVM +and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat.

Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build

If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. +Notice, that this command does not require the -b option.

If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option:

cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts

Generating contract schema​

If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command:

cargo odra schema

This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. +If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you.

Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract.

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75c195863 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Casper Contract Schema | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Casper Contract Schema

Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the Casper Contract Schema (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability.

Odra and CCS​

There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory.

note

If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.

src/contract.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(
    // the name of the contract, default is the module name
    name = "MyContract",
    // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate
    version = "0.1.0",   
     // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used
    events = [          
        Created,
        Updated
    ],
    // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used
    errors = MyErrors   
)]
pub struct MyContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl MyContract {
    /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.owner.set(owner.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Created { name });
    }

    /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event
    pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });
    }

    /// Returns the data of the contract
    pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {
        Data {
            name: self.name.get_or_default(),
            owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),
        }
    }
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Data {
    name: String,
    owner: Address,
}

// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum MyErrors {
    /// The owner is invalid
    InvalidOwner,
    /// The name is invalid
    InvalidName,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Updated {
    name: String,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Created {
    name: String,
}

Generating the Schema​

To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command:

cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract

Schema Output​

The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:

resources/my_contract_schema.json
{
  "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,
  "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",
  "authors": [],
  "repository": null,
  "homepage": null,
  "contract_name": "MyContract",
  "contract_version": "0.1.0",
  "types": [
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Created",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Data",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          },
          {
            "name": "owner",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "Key"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Updated",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "errors": [
    {
      "name": "InvalidName",
      "description": "The name is invalid",
      "discriminant": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "InvalidOwner",
      "description": "The owner is invalid",
      "discriminant": 0
    }
  ],
  "entry_points": [
    {
      "name": "update",
      "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",
      "is_mutable": true,
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "name",
          "description": null,
          "ty": "String",
          "optional": false
        }
      ],
      "return_ty": "Unit",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    },
    {
      "name": "get_data",
      "description": "Returns the data of the contract",
      "is_mutable": false,
      "arguments": [],
      "return_ty": "Data",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "name": "Created",
      "ty": "Created"
    },
    {
      "name": "Updated",
      "ty": "Updated"
    }
  ],
  "call": {
    "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",
    "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",
    "arguments": [
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",
        "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",
        "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",
        "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "name",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "Key",
        "optional": false
      }
    ]
  }
}

Schema Fields​

  • casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema. +toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.
  • Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.
  • contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.
  • contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.
  • types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.
  • errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.
  • entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.
  • events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.
  • The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5b28d17d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    created_at: Var<u64>,
    created_by: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are using self.env(). It is an implementation of Module::env(), autogenerated +by #[odra::module] attribute. The function returns a reference to the ContractEnv (you can read more in +the Backend section). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables.

In this example, we use two of them:

  • get_block_time() - returns the current block time as u64.
  • caller() - returns an Odra Address of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).
info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae7b53f27 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
        MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To perform a cross-contact call, we use the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract.

In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts.

Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, +by the #[odra::module] attribute.

To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above.

The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract.

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:

AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)

Loading the contract​

Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test +our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer:

examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs
fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {
    let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address)
}

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_calls() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(
            &test_env,
            CrossContractInitArgs {
                math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()
            }
        );
        assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
    }
}

Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize.

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)
        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);
        *contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d584566f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── rust-toolchain
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── bin/
|   |── build_contract.rs
|   └── build_schema.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.9.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.9.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "0.9.0"

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also +added as a dev dependency.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

bin/​

This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. +You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and +are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27fb58a8c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error)]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerNotSet = 1,
    NotAnOwner = 2
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

To register errors, add the errors inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract schema.

Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:

  1. An error should be a field-less enum.
  2. The enum must be annotated with #[odra::odra_error].
  3. Avoid implicit discriminants.
note

In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};
    use odra::host::Deployer;
    use odra::prelude::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_owner_error() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let owner = test_env.get_account(0);
        let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);

        test_env.set_caller(owner);
        let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {
            name: "OwnedContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);
        assert_eq!(
            owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),
            Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())
        );
    }
}

Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult. +OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and +and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name.

In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. +For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, +we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into().

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e35dec590 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Events

In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract;

#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    pub fn init(&self) {
        self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
            caller: self.env().caller(),
            block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
        });
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, add the #[odra::event] attribute like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64,
}

To emit an event, we use the emit_event function from the ContractEnv, passing the event as an argument:

examples/src/features/events.rs
self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
    caller: self.env().caller(),
    block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
});

To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract schema.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
    let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
    test_env.emitted_event(
        party_contract.address(),
        &PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env.get_account(0),
            block_time: 0
        }
    );
    // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function
    test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");
    // You can also check how many events were emitted.
    assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);
}

To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d6e98d9c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Var<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, +if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated +by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, +as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of +the InitArgs trait provided with the framework.

The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72237e62d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;
use odra::module::SubModule;
use odra::prelude::*;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}
info

To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the SubModule type. This is a special type +that crates a keyspace (read more in Storage Layout) and provide access to its public methods.

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the OwnedToken example in the main Odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::ModulesContractHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
    }
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d02faa07 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet;

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new attribute used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ContractEnv::transfer_tokens(). +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function - +balance_of:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PublicWalletHostRef;
    use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());

        my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));

        my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b572f940 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract. +The last segment of the fqn will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will +be in the above case named flipper.wasm.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4d871249 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Var​

The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Var<bool>,
    weight: Var<u32>,
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Var<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Var working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Var<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: 

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}
note

Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute .

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f289e847c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {
            name: "DogContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section.

use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

We are using super to import the DogContract3HostRef and DogContract3InitArgs from the parent module. +{{ModuleName}}HostRef and {{ModuleName}}InitArgs are types that was generated for us by Odra.

DogContract3HostRef is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints) +and implements HostRef trait.

DogContract3InitArgs is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements InitArgs trait. +Considering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:

  1. The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named {{ModuleName}}InitArgs.
  2. The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs.
  3. The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs. +All of those structs implement the odra::host::InitArgs trait, required to conform to the +Deployer::deploy method signature.

The other import is odra::host::Deployer. This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it.

Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract? +{{ModuleName}}HostRef implements the Deployer trait, which provides the deploy method:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with the odra::module attribute are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

HostEnv​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn env() {
        let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract2".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert_ne!(creator, creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). +Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0-th account
  • fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract

Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad497afdd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c502f58f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1861476f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6da2f6fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfc450d31 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/migrations/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/migrations/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5498e2ca2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/migrations/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Migrations | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Migrations

How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fa0dac86 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da95626fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e22311515 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.9.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.9.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "0.9.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = "0.9.0"
odra-modules = "0.9.0"

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b1f7311e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

Testing​

To run the tests, execute the following command:

cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a641b912 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --locked

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a978bb9c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Odra framework

Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for Casper Network. Odra encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

It's free and open source!

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b026dd34 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.8.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Migration guide to v0.8.0

Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version.

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:

  • Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only.
  • Framework internals redesign.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Add bin directory​

Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory.

You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2. Update Cargo.toml​

There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file.

  • You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.
  • Register bins you added in the previous step.
  • Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.
  • Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process.

Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

2.2. Update Odra.toml​

Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required.

[[contracts]]
fqn = "my_project::Flipper"

2.3. Update Smart Contracts​

The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​

  • Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.
  • odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.
  • Variable is now Var.
  • Remove odra::contract_env.
  • Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.
  • Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.
  • Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;.

2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​

  • Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.
  • BlockTime - use u64.
  • EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes.

2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​

2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​

// Before
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>
}
// After
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​

execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro.

use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.3.6. Update events definitions.​

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Event;

#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

// Emitting the event
self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
   from: None,
   to: Some(*address),
   amount: *amount
});

2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​

self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes.

  • fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.
  • fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).
  • set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions.
  • fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].
  • fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.
  • fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).
  • fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.
  • functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed.

2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]
pub struct Erc721Token {
    core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,
    metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>
}

2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​

However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()).

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Token {
    fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;
}

// Usage
TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)

2.3.10. Update constructors.​

Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init.

2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​

The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter.

2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​

Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required.

2.4. Update Tests​

Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.4.1. Contract deployment.​

The way you deploy a contract has changed:

  1. You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.
  2. Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.
  3. If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
  4. If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
// A contract without init args
use super::OwnableHostRef;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)

// A contract with init args
use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
    name: NAME.to_string(),
    decimals: DECIMALS,
    initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
};
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

2.4.2. Host interactions.​

  1. Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().
  2. The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences:
    • test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).
    • test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).
    • functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef.

2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​

test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result. +try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro.

#[test]
fn transfer_from_error() {
   let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

   let (owner, spender, recipient) =
      (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
   let amount = 1_000.into();
   env.set_caller(spender);

   assert_eq!(
      erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),
      Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
   );
}

2.4.4. Testing events.​

assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. +The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options.

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

...

assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Approval {
         owner,
         spender,
         value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
   }
));
assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Transfer {
         from: Some(owner),
         to: Some(recipient),
         amount: transfer_amount
   }
));

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   use odra::OdraError;

   #[derive(OdraError)]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
   use super::{
      errors::Error,
      events::{Approval, Transfer},
      Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs
   };
   use odra::{
      casper_types::U256,
      host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},
      prelude::*
   };

   const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
   const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
   const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
   const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

   fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
      let env = odra_test::env();
      (
         env.clone(),
         Erc20HostRef::deploy(
               &env,
               Erc20InitArgs {
                  symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                  name: NAME.to_string(),
                  decimals: DECIMALS,
                  initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
               }
         )
      )
   }

   #[test]
   fn initialization() {
      // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
      let (env, erc20) = setup();

      // Then the contract has the metadata set.
      assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

      // Then the total supply is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

      // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: None,
               to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
               amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_works() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
      let sender = env.get_account(0);
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = 1_000.into();
      erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

      // Then the sender balance is deducted.
      assert_eq!(
         erc20.balance_of(&sender),
         U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
      );

      // Then the recipient balance is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

      // Then Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: Some(sender),
               to: Some(recipient),
               amount
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_error() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

      // Then an error occurs.
      assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
   }

   // Other tests...
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..127617752 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.9.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Migration guide to v0.9.0

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using version 0.8.0 of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.9.0. For migration from version 0.7.1 and below, start with the previous guide. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant change in 0.9.0 is the way of defining custom elements namely type, events and errors.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​

Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2 Update smart contract code​

The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes.

2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​

#[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​

#[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. +Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute.

#[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
    // fields
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.2.3. Update events definitions.​

#[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   #[odra::odra_error]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    // nothing changed in the tests
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc62748b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Project Structure​

access-control
├── src
│   ├── access
│   │   ├── access_control.rs
│   │   ├── events.rs
│   │   └── errors.rs
│   └── lib.rs
|── build.rs
|── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;
use super::access_control::Role;

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    MissingRole = 20_000,
    RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::events::*;
use super::errors::Error;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Mapping};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &self.env().caller() {
            self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        });
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }
}
  • L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..faa3a5152 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract

In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.

We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript.

Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:

Contract​

Let's write a contract with complex storage layout.

The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping.

We will expose two methods:

  1. The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.
  2. The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.
custom_item.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};

// A custom type with a vector of another custom type
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule
#[odra::module]
pub struct CustomItem {
    version: Var<u32>,
    meta: Var<Metadata>,
    data: SubModule<Data>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CustomItem {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {
        let meta = Metadata {
            name,
            description,
            prices: vec![
                Price { value: price_1 },
                Price { value: price_2 }
            ]
        };
        self.meta.set(meta);
        self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);
    }

    pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {
        self.data.value.set(value);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);
    }
}

// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule
#[odra::module]
struct Data {
    value: Var<u32>,
    inner: SubModule<InnerData>,
}

// A submodule with a mapping
#[odra::module]
struct InnerData {
    named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

Deploying the contract​

First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file.

cargo odra build -c custom_item

Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \ 
    --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \
    --payment-amount 100000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \
    --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \ 
    --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \
    --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'"

Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \ 
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \ 
    --payment-amount 2000000000 \
    --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \
    --session-entry-point "set_data" \
    --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \ 
    --session-arg "name2:string='bob'"

Storage Layout​

To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout.

The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. 

Storage Layout

CustomItem:                 prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  version: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  meta: Metadata,                   0x0..._0000_0000_0001  1
  data: Data:               prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0010  2
    value: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0010_0000  (2 << 4) + 0
    inner: InnerData:       prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0001  (2 << 4) + 1
      named_values: Mapping         0x0..._0010_0001_0000  ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0

The actual key is obtained as follows:

  1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.
  2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data.
  3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.
  4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).

In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article.

Reading the state​

main.rs
use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};
use casper_types::{
    bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},
    U256,
};

// replace with your contract hash
const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";
const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";
const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";
const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {
    let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        None,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .state_root_hash
    .unwrap();

    // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.
    let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        state_root_hash,
        DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {
            key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),
            dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),
            dictionary_item_key: key,
        },
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .stored_value;

    // We expect the value to be a CLValue
    if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {
        // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.
        cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()
    } else {
        vec![]
    }
}

async fn metadata() -> Metadata {
    // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(1, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the name and store the remaining bytes
    let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // Read the description and store the remaining bytes
    let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements
    // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes
    let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

    let mut prices = vec![];
    // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it
    for _ in 0..size {
        // Read the value and store the remaining bytes
        let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        bytes = rem;
        prices.push(Price { value });
    }
    // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes
    // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.
    // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.
    Metadata {
        name,
        description,
        prices
    }
}

async fn value() -> u32 {
    // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {
    // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes
    let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();
    let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

fn main() {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));
}

// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data
// The algorithm is as follows:
// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array
// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data
// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b
// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)
fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut key = Vec::new();
    key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());
    key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);
    let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);

    hex::encode(&hashed_key)
}

fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut result = [0u8; 32];
    let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)
        .expect("should create hasher");
    let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);
    blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)
        .expect("should copy hash to the result array");
    result
}

cargo run
[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {
    name: "My Contract",
    description: "My Description",
    prices: [
        Price {
            value: 123,
        },
        Price {
            value: 321,
        },
    ],
}
[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666
[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20
[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4855cc48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • Advanced storage using key-value pairs,
  • Odra types such as Address,
  • Advanced event assertion.

Code​

Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example.

It is designed to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Balances of individual users.
  4. Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.

Module definition​

erc20.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Var<u8>,
    symbol: Var<String>,
    name: Var<String>,
    total_supply: Var<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}
  • L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.
  • L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.

Metadata​

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(*amount);
        
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: U256
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.
  • L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for:
use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;

let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
self.balances.set(address, new_balance);

Core​

To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let spender = self.env().caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner = self.env().caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InsufficientAllowance = 2,
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};

    const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        (
            env.clone(),
            Erc20HostRef::deploy(
                &env,
                Erc20InitArgs {
                    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                    name: NAME.to_string(),
                    decimals: DECIMALS,
                    initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
                }
            )
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
        let (env, erc20) = setup();

        // Then the contract has the metadata set.
        assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

        // Then the total supply is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

        // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
        let sender = env.get_account(0);
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        // Then the sender balance is deducted.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );

        // Then the recipient balance is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

        // Then Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

        // Then an error occurs.
        assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        let (owner, recipient, spender) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        ));

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        env.set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        // Given a new instance.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the spender's allowance is zero.
        let (owner, spender, recipient) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        env.set_caller(spender);

        // Then transfer fails.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),
            Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88516f734 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining a constructor,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

ownable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Var<Option<Address>>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on.

  • L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.
  • L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var.

Init the module​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(Some(owner));
        
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        });
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.
  • L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument.
  • L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.
  • L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.
  • L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        });
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get_or_default() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    NotOwner = 1,
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,
    OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along.

  • L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead.

Test​

ownable.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};

    fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {
        let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {
            owner: env.get_account(0)
        };
        (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        
        env.set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);

        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        assert_eq!(
            ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), 
            Err(Error::NotOwner.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.
  • L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.
  • L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.
  • L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.
  • L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..557f83db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.
  3. Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::module::SubModule;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
...
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};
...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.
  • L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.
  • L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.
  • L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e74994bf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.0/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.0

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

pauseable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    PausedRequired = 1_000,
    UnpausedRequired = 1_001,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

pauseable.rs
use odra::Var;
...

#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Var<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        self.env().emit_event(Paused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

pauseable.rs
...
use odra::SubModule;
...

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Var<u32>,
    pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        contract.increment();
        contract.pause();

        assert_eq!(
            contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),
            Error::UnpausedRequired.into()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..281265d79 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped
{
    value: Var<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. +In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Mappings {
    strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Mappings {

    ...

    pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {
        self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));
        opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())
    }
}

As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value.

note

Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers.

Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule.

Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    counter: Sequence<u32>,
    tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.next_value()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {
        let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.balance_of(&address)
    }

    pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {
        let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.mint(amount, to);
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:

  1. Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.
  2. Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.

Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8185c041 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that +allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. +These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
    let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();
    let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    self.env()
      .emit_event(Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    });
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Var<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/building-manually/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/building-manually/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cacd1a4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/building-manually/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +Building contracts manually | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Building contracts manually

cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes +a better control over the parameters that are passed to the cargo +or the compiler is needed.

This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need +to switch between them during the building and testing.

Knowing that cargo odra is a simple wrapper around cargo, it is easy to replicate +the same behavior by using cargo directly.

Building the contract manually​

To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
info

Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build.

Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build +the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. +The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under +the name my_project_build_contract.wasm.

The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and +to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:

mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm

Optimizing the contract​

To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool:

wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm

To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used.

wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
danger

This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not +fully compatible with the Casper execution engine.

Running the tests manually​

To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. +To run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:

ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test

Wrapping up​

Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the +casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project.

To do that, we can use the following set of commands:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4be38a59 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256,
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256, 
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>,
    exchange: SubModule<Exchange>
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a87ee34ca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/advanced/storage-layout/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Storage Layout | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Storage Layout

Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This +article explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout.

Casper VM Perspective​

The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or +dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, +making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this +issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This +dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum +length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays.

Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look +like:

pub trait CasperStorage {
    fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
    fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);
}

Odra Perspective​

Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, +we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider +this straightforward storage definition:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Token {
    name: Var<String>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>
}

The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String and +balances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys and +U256 as values.

The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more +complex example:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Loans {
    lenders: SubModule<Token>,
    borrowers: SubModule<Token>,
}

The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have +the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees that +lenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage +dictionary.

Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout +operates.

Key generation.​

Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index +ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an +element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index +serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module.

While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an +example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual +implementation.

Loans {
    lenders: Token {   // prefix: 0x0000
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0000_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0000_0001
    },
    borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001
        name: 0,       //    key: 0x0001_0000
        balances: 1    //    key: 0x0001_0001
    }
}

Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in the +storage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as +demonstrated in the example.

For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a +key:

0x0001_0001_1234_abcd

Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then +encoded in hexadecimal format.

Value serialization​

Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using +the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's +Bytes types.

Last updated on
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+
Version: 0.9.1

Memory allocators

When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std. +This means that instead of using the standard library, the core +crate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain +a memory allocator.

Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests +the one developed by ink! +seems to be the best.

Using a different allocator​

If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that +already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling +the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project:

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }

If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled +during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..feca533c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event].

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, +you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Deploying a contract to Casper network​

There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. +You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool +or using the Odra's Livenet integration.

Let's explore the first option to better understand the process.

note

If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. +Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments.

When working with the test env via cargo odra or when using +Livenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use +casper-client directly, you have to pass them manually:

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c963c481c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/livenet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + +Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Livenet

The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local +test node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend +to handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain.

Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM, +however, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state. +This lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but +on the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests.

The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:

  • Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to +pay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the faucet +to get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed +for each action.
  • The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state - +we can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one.
  • Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests.
  • We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, advance_block_time function +is implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.

This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running +the regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will +use a slightly different workflow to test the contracts.

Setup​

To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private +key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use +more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env +file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from +examples folder:

# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used
# to deploy the contracts.
# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit
# the secret key to the repository.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777

# Chain name of the network. Known values:
# - integration-test
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test

# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.
# Main secret key will be 0th account.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem

With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find +a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. +Let's go through the code:

fn main() {
    // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize
    // the environment:
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the
    // OdraVM backend.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,
    // so we need to provide them
    // if we did not import their secret keys.
    let recipient = 
        "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Arguments for the contract init method.
    let name = String::from("Plascoin");
    let symbol = String::from("PLS");
    let decimals = 10u8;
    let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);
    
    // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify
    // the gas limit for each action.
    // The limit will be used for every consecutive action
    // until we change it.
    env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);
    
    // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.
    let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)
    };
    let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);
    
    // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Uncomment to load existing contract.
    // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract
    // that is already deployed.
    // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);

    // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.
    println!("Token name: {}", token.name());

    // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,
    // so we change the amount of gas
    env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);
    token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));

    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));
    println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));
}
note

The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the +Cargo.toml file:

[bin]
name = "erc20_on_livenet"
path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

Usage​

To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled:

cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet
note

Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.

A part of a sample output should look like this:

...
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
💁  INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.
Owner's balance: 4004
Recipient's balance: 4000

Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. +Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. +We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant +and cost us nothing. How it is possible?

info

You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example +can be seen here.

How Livenet backend works​

All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. +It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free.

This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the +node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free.

Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract +(see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and +node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts +and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts

Multiple environments​

It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, +multiple nodes or even multiple chains.

To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. +Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file +has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will +override the value from the .env file.

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene

To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..083caeb54 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/odra-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +OdraVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

OdraVM

The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time - +simply use your IDE's debug functionality.

Usage​

The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..849845d0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like OdraVM, +a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM, +or even a real blockchain - when using Livenet backend.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Host Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9da15edbe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations.

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created +with the full template.

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.0 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVM +and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat.

Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build

If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. +Notice, that this command does not require the -b option.

If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option:

cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts

Generating contract schema​

If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command:

cargo odra schema

This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. +If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you.

Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract.

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e89835b79 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Casper Contract Schema | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Casper Contract Schema

Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the Casper Contract Schema (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability.

Odra and CCS​

There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory.

note

If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.

src/contract.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(
    // the name of the contract, default is the module name
    name = "MyContract",
    // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate
    version = "0.1.0",   
     // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used
    events = [          
        Created,
        Updated
    ],
    // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used
    errors = MyErrors   
)]
pub struct MyContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl MyContract {
    /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.owner.set(owner.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Created { name });
    }

    /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event
    pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });
    }

    /// Returns the data of the contract
    pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {
        Data {
            name: self.name.get_or_default(),
            owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),
        }
    }
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Data {
    name: String,
    owner: Address,
}

// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum MyErrors {
    /// The owner is invalid
    InvalidOwner,
    /// The name is invalid
    InvalidName,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Updated {
    name: String,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Created {
    name: String,
}

Generating the Schema​

To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command:

cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract

Schema Output​

The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:

resources/my_contract_schema.json
{
  "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,
  "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",
  "authors": [],
  "repository": null,
  "homepage": null,
  "contract_name": "MyContract",
  "contract_version": "0.1.0",
  "types": [
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Created",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Data",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          },
          {
            "name": "owner",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "Key"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Updated",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "errors": [
    {
      "name": "InvalidName",
      "description": "The name is invalid",
      "discriminant": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "InvalidOwner",
      "description": "The owner is invalid",
      "discriminant": 0
    }
  ],
  "entry_points": [
    {
      "name": "update",
      "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",
      "is_mutable": true,
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "name",
          "description": null,
          "ty": "String",
          "optional": false
        }
      ],
      "return_ty": "Unit",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    },
    {
      "name": "get_data",
      "description": "Returns the data of the contract",
      "is_mutable": false,
      "arguments": [],
      "return_ty": "Data",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "name": "Created",
      "ty": "Created"
    },
    {
      "name": "Updated",
      "ty": "Updated"
    }
  ],
  "call": {
    "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",
    "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",
    "arguments": [
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",
        "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",
        "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",
        "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "name",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "Key",
        "optional": false
      }
    ]
  }
}

Schema Fields​

  • casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema. +toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.
  • Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.
  • contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.
  • contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.
  • types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.
  • errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.
  • entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.
  • events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.
  • The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3552121a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    created_at: Var<u64>,
    created_by: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are using self.env(). It is an implementation of Module::env(), autogenerated +by #[odra::module] attribute. The function returns a reference to the ContractEnv (you can read more in +the Backend section). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables.

In this example, we use two of them:

  • get_block_time() - returns the current block time as u64.
  • caller() - returns an Odra Address of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).
info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46bdf94db --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
        MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To perform a cross-contact call, we use the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract.

In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts.

Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, +by the #[odra::module] attribute.

To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above.

The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract.

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:

AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)

Loading the contract​

Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test +our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer:

examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs
fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {
    let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address)
}

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_calls() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(
            &test_env,
            CrossContractInitArgs {
                math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()
            }
        );
        assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
    }
}

Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize.

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)
        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);
        *contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ef63458e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── rust-toolchain
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── bin/
|   |── build_contract.rs
|   └── build_schema.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.9.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.9.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "0.9.0"

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also +added as a dev dependency.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

bin/​

This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. +You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and +are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb7896c10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error)]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerNotSet = 1,
    NotAnOwner = 2
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

To register errors, add the errors inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract schema.

Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:

  1. An error should be a field-less enum.
  2. The enum must be annotated with #[odra::odra_error].
  3. Avoid implicit discriminants.
note

In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};
    use odra::host::Deployer;
    use odra::prelude::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_owner_error() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let owner = test_env.get_account(0);
        let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);

        test_env.set_caller(owner);
        let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {
            name: "OwnedContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);
        assert_eq!(
            owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),
            Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())
        );
    }
}

Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult. +OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and +and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name.

In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. +For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, +we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into().

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..178e846cf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Events

In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract;

#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    pub fn init(&self) {
        self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
            caller: self.env().caller(),
            block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
        });
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, add the #[odra::event] attribute like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64,
}

To emit an event, we use the emit_event function from the ContractEnv, passing the event as an argument:

examples/src/features/events.rs
self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
    caller: self.env().caller(),
    block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
});

To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract schema.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
    let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
    test_env.emitted_event(
        party_contract.address(),
        &PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env.get_account(0),
            block_time: 0
        }
    );
    // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function
    test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");
    // You can also check how many events were emitted.
    assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);
}

To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1234c3d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Var<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, +if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated +by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, +as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of +the InitArgs trait provided with the framework.

The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c13f74420 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;
use odra::module::SubModule;
use odra::prelude::*;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}
info

To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the SubModule type. This is a special type +that crates a keyspace (read more in Storage Layout) and provide access to its public methods.

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the OwnedToken example in the main Odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::ModulesContractHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
    }
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d21528b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet;

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new attribute used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ContractEnv::transfer_tokens(). +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function - +balance_of:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PublicWalletHostRef;
    use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());

        my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));

        my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96ebb0121 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract. +The last segment of the fqn will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will +be in the above case named flipper.wasm.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..deb1a84e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Var​

The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Var<bool>,
    weight: Var<u32>,
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Var<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Var working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Var<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: 

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

#[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type. +CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8.

unit_only_enum.rs
enum Enum {
    Foo = 3,
    Bar = 2,
    Baz = 1,
}
note

Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute .

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7de902db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {
            name: "DogContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section.

use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

We are using super to import the DogContract3HostRef and DogContract3InitArgs from the parent module. +{{ModuleName}}HostRef and {{ModuleName}}InitArgs are types that was generated for us by Odra.

DogContract3HostRef is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints) +and implements HostRef trait.

DogContract3InitArgs is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements InitArgs trait. +Considering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:

  1. The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named {{ModuleName}}InitArgs.
  2. The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs.
  3. The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs. +All of those structs implement the odra::host::InitArgs trait, required to conform to the +Deployer::deploy method signature.

The other import is odra::host::Deployer. This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it.

Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract? +{{ModuleName}}HostRef implements the Deployer trait, which provides the deploy method:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with the odra::module attribute are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

HostEnv​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn env() {
        let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract2".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert_ne!(creator, creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). +Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0-th account
  • fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract

Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..866864e3c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49f56c45d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6eba0f1f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6e6557ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43036b32e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/migrations/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/migrations/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..933173ca5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/migrations/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Migrations | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Migrations

How to keep your code in sync with the latest version of the Odra Framework.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..317b80c97 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7841c23d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24a04ff74 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.9.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.9.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "0.9.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = "0.9.0"
odra-modules = "0.9.0"

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2eeb57c20 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

Testing​

To run the tests, execute the following command:

cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc9e4ef15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --locked

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..598b8be30 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Odra framework

Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for Casper Network. Odra encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

It's free and open source!

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1b0ec82a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.8.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Migration guide to v0.8.0

Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version.

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:

  • Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only.
  • Framework internals redesign.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Add bin directory​

Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory.

You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2. Update Cargo.toml​

There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file.

  • You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.
  • Register bins you added in the previous step.
  • Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.
  • Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process.

Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

2.2. Update Odra.toml​

Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required.

[[contracts]]
fqn = "my_project::Flipper"

2.3. Update Smart Contracts​

The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​

  • Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.
  • odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.
  • Variable is now Var.
  • Remove odra::contract_env.
  • Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.
  • Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.
  • Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;.

2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​

  • Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.
  • BlockTime - use u64.
  • EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes.

2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​

2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​

// Before
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>
}
// After
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​

execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro.

use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.3.6. Update events definitions.​

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Event;

#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

// Emitting the event
self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
   from: None,
   to: Some(*address),
   amount: *amount
});

2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​

self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes.

  • fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.
  • fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).
  • set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions.
  • fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].
  • fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.
  • fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).
  • fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.
  • functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed.

2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]
pub struct Erc721Token {
    core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,
    metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>
}

2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​

However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()).

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Token {
    fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;
}

// Usage
TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)

2.3.10. Update constructors.​

Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init.

2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​

The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter.

2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​

Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required.

2.4. Update Tests​

Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.4.1. Contract deployment.​

The way you deploy a contract has changed:

  1. You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.
  2. Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.
  3. If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
  4. If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
// A contract without init args
use super::OwnableHostRef;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)

// A contract with init args
use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
    name: NAME.to_string(),
    decimals: DECIMALS,
    initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
};
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

2.4.2. Host interactions.​

  1. Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().
  2. The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences:
    • test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).
    • test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).
    • functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef.

2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​

test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result. +try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro.

#[test]
fn transfer_from_error() {
   let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

   let (owner, spender, recipient) =
      (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
   let amount = 1_000.into();
   env.set_caller(spender);

   assert_eq!(
      erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),
      Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
   );
}

2.4.4. Testing events.​

assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. +The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options.

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

...

assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Approval {
         owner,
         spender,
         value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
   }
));
assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Transfer {
         from: Some(owner),
         to: Some(recipient),
         amount: transfer_amount
   }
));

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   use odra::OdraError;

   #[derive(OdraError)]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
   use super::{
      errors::Error,
      events::{Approval, Transfer},
      Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs
   };
   use odra::{
      casper_types::U256,
      host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},
      prelude::*
   };

   const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
   const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
   const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
   const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

   fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
      let env = odra_test::env();
      (
         env.clone(),
         Erc20HostRef::deploy(
               &env,
               Erc20InitArgs {
                  symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                  name: NAME.to_string(),
                  decimals: DECIMALS,
                  initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
               }
         )
      )
   }

   #[test]
   fn initialization() {
      // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
      let (env, erc20) = setup();

      // Then the contract has the metadata set.
      assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

      // Then the total supply is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

      // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: None,
               to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
               amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_works() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
      let sender = env.get_account(0);
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = 1_000.into();
      erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

      // Then the sender balance is deducted.
      assert_eq!(
         erc20.balance_of(&sender),
         U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
      );

      // Then the recipient balance is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

      // Then Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: Some(sender),
               to: Some(recipient),
               amount
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_error() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

      // Then an error occurs.
      assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
   }

   // Other tests...
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c19b4cc8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.9.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Migration guide to v0.9.0

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using version 0.8.0 of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.9.0. For migration from version 0.7.1 and below, start with the previous guide. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant change in 0.9.0 is the way of defining custom elements namely type, events and errors.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​

Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2 Update smart contract code​

The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes.

2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​

#[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​

#[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. +Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute.

#[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
    // fields
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.2.3. Update events definitions.​

#[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   #[odra::odra_error]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    // nothing changed in the tests
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d071951aa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Project Structure​

access-control
├── src
│   ├── access
│   │   ├── access_control.rs
│   │   ├── events.rs
│   │   └── errors.rs
│   └── lib.rs
|── build.rs
|── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;
use super::access_control::Role;

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    MissingRole = 20_000,
    RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::events::*;
use super::errors::Error;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Mapping};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &self.env().caller() {
            self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        });
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }
}
  • L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8180aacbc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract

In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.

We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript.

Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:

Contract​

Let's write a contract with complex storage layout.

The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping.

We will expose two methods:

  1. The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.
  2. The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.
custom_item.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};

// A custom type with a vector of another custom type
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule
#[odra::module]
pub struct CustomItem {
    version: Var<u32>,
    meta: Var<Metadata>,
    data: SubModule<Data>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CustomItem {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {
        let meta = Metadata {
            name,
            description,
            prices: vec![
                Price { value: price_1 },
                Price { value: price_2 }
            ]
        };
        self.meta.set(meta);
        self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);
    }

    pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {
        self.data.value.set(value);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);
    }
}

// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule
#[odra::module]
struct Data {
    value: Var<u32>,
    inner: SubModule<InnerData>,
}

// A submodule with a mapping
#[odra::module]
struct InnerData {
    named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

Deploying the contract​

First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file.

cargo odra build -c custom_item

Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \ 
    --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \
    --payment-amount 100000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \
    --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \ 
    --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \
    --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'"

Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \ 
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \ 
    --payment-amount 2000000000 \
    --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \
    --session-entry-point "set_data" \
    --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \ 
    --session-arg "name2:string='bob'"

Storage Layout​

To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout.

The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. 

Storage Layout

CustomItem:                 prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  version: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  meta: Metadata,                   0x0..._0000_0000_0001  1
  data: Data:               prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0010  2
    value: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0010_0000  (2 << 4) + 0
    inner: InnerData:       prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0001  (2 << 4) + 1
      named_values: Mapping         0x0..._0010_0001_0000  ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0

The actual key is obtained as follows:

  1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.
  2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data.
  3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.
  4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).

In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article.

Reading the state​

main.rs
use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};
use casper_types::{
    bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},
    U256,
};

// replace with your contract hash
const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";
const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";
const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";
const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {
    let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        None,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .state_root_hash
    .unwrap();

    // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.
    let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        state_root_hash,
        DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {
            key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),
            dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),
            dictionary_item_key: key,
        },
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .stored_value;

    // We expect the value to be a CLValue
    if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {
        // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.
        cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()
    } else {
        vec![]
    }
}

async fn metadata() -> Metadata {
    // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(1, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the name and store the remaining bytes
    let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // Read the description and store the remaining bytes
    let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements
    // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes
    let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

    let mut prices = vec![];
    // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it
    for _ in 0..size {
        // Read the value and store the remaining bytes
        let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        bytes = rem;
        prices.push(Price { value });
    }
    // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes
    // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.
    // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.
    Metadata {
        name,
        description,
        prices
    }
}

async fn value() -> u32 {
    // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(2 << 4, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {
    // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes
    let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();
    let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

fn main() {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));
}

// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data
// The algorithm is as follows:
// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array
// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data
// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b
// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)
fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut key = Vec::new();
    key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());
    key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);
    let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);

    hex::encode(&hashed_key)
}

fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut result = [0u8; 32];
    let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)
        .expect("should create hasher");
    let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);
    blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)
        .expect("should copy hash to the result array");
    result
}

cargo run
[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {
    name: "My Contract",
    description: "My Description",
    prices: [
        Price {
            value: 123,
        },
        Price {
            value: 321,
        },
    ],
}
[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666
[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20
[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27e047e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • Advanced storage using key-value pairs,
  • Odra types such as Address,
  • Advanced event assertion.

Code​

Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example.

It is designed to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Balances of individual users.
  4. Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.

Module definition​

erc20.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Var<u8>,
    symbol: Var<String>,
    name: Var<String>,
    total_supply: Var<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}
  • L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.
  • L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.

Metadata​

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(*amount);
        
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: U256
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.
  • L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for:
use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;

let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
self.balances.set(address, new_balance);

Core​

To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let spender = self.env().caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner = self.env().caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InsufficientAllowance = 2,
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};

    const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        (
            env.clone(),
            Erc20HostRef::deploy(
                &env,
                Erc20InitArgs {
                    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                    name: NAME.to_string(),
                    decimals: DECIMALS,
                    initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
                }
            )
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
        let (env, erc20) = setup();

        // Then the contract has the metadata set.
        assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

        // Then the total supply is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

        // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
        let sender = env.get_account(0);
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        // Then the sender balance is deducted.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );

        // Then the recipient balance is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

        // Then Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

        // Then an error occurs.
        assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        let (owner, recipient, spender) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        ));

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        env.set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        // Given a new instance.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the spender's allowance is zero.
        let (owner, spender, recipient) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        env.set_caller(spender);

        // Then transfer fails.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),
            Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fcc2e1067 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining a constructor,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

ownable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Var<Option<Address>>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on.

  • L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.
  • L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var.

Init the module​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(Some(owner));
        
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        });
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.
  • L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument.
  • L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.
  • L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.
  • L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        });
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get_or_default() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    NotOwner = 1,
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,
    OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along.

  • L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead.

Test​

ownable.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};

    fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {
        let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {
            owner: env.get_account(0)
        };
        (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        
        env.set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);

        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        assert_eq!(
            ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), 
            Err(Error::NotOwner.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.
  • L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.
  • L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.
  • L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.
  • L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb5b98cff --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.
  3. Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::module::SubModule;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
...
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};
...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.
  • L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.
  • L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.
  • L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a9bb6885 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

pauseable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    PausedRequired = 1_000,
    UnpausedRequired = 1_001,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

pauseable.rs
use odra::Var;
...

#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Var<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        self.env().emit_event(Paused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

pauseable.rs
...
use odra::SubModule;
...

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Var<u32>,
    pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        contract.increment();
        contract.pause();

        assert_eq!(
            contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),
            Error::UnpausedRequired.into()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08a1be165 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/0.9.1/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Using Proxy Caller | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 0.9.1

Using Proxy Caller

In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the proxy_caller wasm to call an Odra payable function. The proxy_caller is a session code that top-ups the cargo_purse passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some CSPRs to the call.

Read more about the proxy_caller here.

Contract​

For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples.

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])]
pub struct TimeLockWallet {
    balances: Mapping<Address, U512>,
    lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>,
    lock_duration: Var<u64>
}

#[odra::module]
impl TimeLockWallet {
    /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration.
    pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) {
        self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration);
    }

    /// Deposits the tokens into the contract.
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
        // Extract values
        let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
        let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value();
        let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

        // Multiple lock check
        if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
        }

        // Update state, emit event
        self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
        self.lock_expiration_map
            .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
        self.env().emit_event(Deposit {
            address: caller,
            amount
        });
    }

    /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract.
    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }

    /// Returns the balance of the given account.
    pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }

    /// Returns the lock duration.
    pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }
}

/// Errors that may occur during the contract execution.
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    LockIsNotOver = 1,
    CannotLockTwice = 2,
    InsufficientBalance = 3
}

/// Deposit event.
#[odra::event]
pub struct Deposit {
    pub address: Address,
    pub amount: U512
}

/// Withdrawal event.
#[odra::event]
pub struct Withdrawal {
    pub address: Address,
    pub amount: U512
}

Full code can be found here.

Client​

Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key.

# Build the contract
cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet
# Extract secret key
docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem

To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case).

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "odra-examples"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false }
... # other dependencies
odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }

... # other sections

[features]
default = []
livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]

... # other sections

[[bin]]
name = "tlw_on_livenet"
path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

... # other sections
examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs
//! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs.
use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef};
use odra::Address;
use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs};

const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100;
const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99;
const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9);

fn main() {
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();
    let caller = env.get_account(0);

    env.set_caller(caller);
    env.set_gas(GAS);

    let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy(
        &env, 
        TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 }
    );
    // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract.
    contract
        .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT))
        .deposit();
    
    println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));
    // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract.
    contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL));
    println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));
}

To run the code, execute the following command:

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \  
cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet
# Sample output
💁  INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet".
💁  INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558".
💁  INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed.
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy.
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3".
💁  INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed.
Caller's balance: 100
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e".
💁  INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed.
Remaining balance: 1

As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. +The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity.

Conclusion​

In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09057caa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped
{
    value: Var<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. +In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Mappings {
    strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Mappings {

    ...

    pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {
        self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));
        opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())
    }
}

As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value.

note

Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers.

Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule.

Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    counter: Sequence<u32>,
    tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.next_value()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {
        let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.balance_of(&address)
    }

    pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {
        let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.mint(amount, to);
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:

  1. Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.
  2. Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.

Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a2d50301 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that +allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. +These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
    let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();
    let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    self.env()
      .emit_event(Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    });
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Var<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/advanced/building-manually/index.html b/docs/docs/advanced/building-manually/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f80505c8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/advanced/building-manually/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +Building contracts manually | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Building contracts manually

cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes +a better control over the parameters that are passed to the cargo +or the compiler is needed.

This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need +to switch between them during the building and testing.

Knowing that cargo odra is a simple wrapper around cargo, it is easy to replicate +the same behavior by using cargo directly.

Building the contract manually​

To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
info

Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build.

Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build +the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. +The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under +the name my_project_build_contract.wasm.

The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and +to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:

mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm

Optimizing the contract​

To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool:

wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm

To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used.

wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
danger

This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not +fully compatible with the Casper execution engine.

Running the tests manually​

To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. +To run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:

ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test

Wrapping up​

Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the +casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project.

To do that, we can use the following set of commands:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6219411c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256,
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256, 
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>,
    exchange: SubModule<Exchange>
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/advanced/storage-layout/index.html b/docs/docs/advanced/storage-layout/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb2968f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/advanced/storage-layout/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Storage Layout | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Storage Layout

Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This +article explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout.

Casper VM Perspective​

The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or +dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, +making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this +issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This +dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum +length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays.

Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look +like:

pub trait CasperStorage {
    fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
    fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);
}

Odra Perspective​

Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, +we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider +this straightforward storage definition:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Token {
    name: Var<String>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>
}

The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String and +balances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys and +U256 as values.

The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more +complex example:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Loans {
    lenders: SubModule<Token>,
    borrowers: SubModule<Token>,
}

The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have +the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees that +lenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage +dictionary.

Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout +operates.

Key generation.​

Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index +ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an +element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index +serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module.

While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an +example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual +implementation.

Loans {
    lenders: Token {   // prefix: 0x0001
        name: 1,       //    key: 0x0001_0001
        balances: 2    //    key: 0x0001_0010
    },
    borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010
        name: 1,       //    key: 0x0010_0001
        balances: 2    //    key: 0x0010_0010
    }
}

Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in the +storage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as +demonstrated in the example.

For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a +key:

0x0001_0001_1234_abcd

Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then +encoded in hexadecimal format.

Value serialization​

Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using +the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's +Bytes types.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html b/docs/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3adfc3806 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Memory allocators | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Memory allocators

When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std. +This means that instead of using the standard library, the core +crate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain +a memory allocator.

Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests +the one developed by ink! +seems to be the best.

Using a different allocator​

If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that +already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling +the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project:

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }

If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled +during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81ef35338 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event].

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, +you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Deploying a contract to Casper network​

There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. +You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool +or using the Odra's Livenet integration.

Let's explore the first option to better understand the process.

note

If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. +Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments.

When working with the test env via cargo odra or when using +Livenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use +casper-client directly, you have to pass them manually:

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/backends/livenet/index.html b/docs/docs/backends/livenet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..006b79947 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/backends/livenet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + +Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Livenet

The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local +test node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend +to handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain.

Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM, +however, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state. +This lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but +on the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests.

The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:

  • Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to +pay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the faucet +to get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed +for each action.
  • The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state - +we can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one.
  • Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests.
  • We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, advance_block_time function +is implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.

This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running +the regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will +use a slightly different workflow to test the contracts.

Setup​

To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private +key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use +more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env +file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from +examples folder:

# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used
# to deploy the contracts.
# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit
# the secret key to the repository.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777

# Chain name of the network. Known values:
# - integration-test
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test

# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.
# Main secret key will be 0th account.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem

With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find +a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. +Let's go through the code:

fn main() {
    // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize
    // the environment:
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the
    // OdraVM backend.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,
    // so we need to provide them
    // if we did not import their secret keys.
    let recipient = 
        "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Arguments for the contract init method.
    let name = String::from("Plascoin");
    let symbol = String::from("PLS");
    let decimals = 10u8;
    let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);
    
    // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify
    // the gas limit for each action.
    // The limit will be used for every consecutive action
    // until we change it.
    env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);
    
    // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.
    let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)
    };
    let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);
    
    // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Uncomment to load existing contract.
    // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract
    // that is already deployed.
    // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);

    // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.
    println!("Token name: {}", token.name());

    // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,
    // so we change the amount of gas
    env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);
    token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));

    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));
    println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));
}
note

The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the +Cargo.toml file:

[bin]
name = "erc20_on_livenet"
path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

Usage​

To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled:

cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet
note

Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.

A part of a sample output should look like this:

...
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
💁  INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.
Owner's balance: 4004
Recipient's balance: 4000

Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. +Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. +We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant +and cost us nothing. How it is possible?

info

You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example +can be seen here.

How Livenet backend works​

All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. +It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free.

This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the +node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free.

Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract +(see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and +node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts +and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts

Multiple environments​

It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, +multiple nodes or even multiple chains.

To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. +Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file +has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will +override the value from the .env file.

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet

To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/backends/odra-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/backends/odra-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e456adff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/backends/odra-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +OdraVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

OdraVM

The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time - +simply use your IDE's debug functionality.

Usage​

The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a281b1098 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like OdraVM, +a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM, +or even a real blockchain - when using Livenet backend.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Host Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82aa0e0c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations.

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created +with the full template.

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.0.0 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVM +and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat.

Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build

If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. +Notice, that this command does not require the -b option.

If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option:

cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts

Generating contract schema​

If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command:

cargo odra schema

This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. +If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you.

Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract.

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6674be041 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Casper Contract Schema | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Casper Contract Schema

Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the Casper Contract Schema (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability.

Odra and CCS​

There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory.

note

If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.

src/contract.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(
    // the name of the contract, default is the module name
    name = "MyContract",
    // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate
    version = "0.1.0",   
     // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used
    events = [          
        Created,
        Updated
    ],
    // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used
    errors = MyErrors   
)]
pub struct MyContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl MyContract {
    /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.owner.set(owner.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Created { name });
    }

    /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event
    pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });
    }

    /// Returns the data of the contract
    pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {
        Data {
            name: self.name.get_or_default(),
            owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),
        }
    }
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Data {
    name: String,
    owner: Address,
}

// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum MyErrors {
    /// The owner is invalid
    InvalidOwner,
    /// The name is invalid
    InvalidName,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Updated {
    name: String,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Created {
    name: String,
}

Generating the Schema​

To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command:

cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract

Schema Output​

The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:

resources/my_contract_schema.json
{
  "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,
  "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",
  "authors": [],
  "repository": null,
  "homepage": null,
  "contract_name": "MyContract",
  "contract_version": "0.1.0",
  "types": [
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Created",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Data",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          },
          {
            "name": "owner",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "Key"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Updated",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "errors": [
    {
      "name": "InvalidName",
      "description": "The name is invalid",
      "discriminant": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "InvalidOwner",
      "description": "The owner is invalid",
      "discriminant": 0
    }
  ],
  "entry_points": [
    {
      "name": "update",
      "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",
      "is_mutable": true,
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "name",
          "description": null,
          "ty": "String",
          "optional": false
        }
      ],
      "return_ty": "Unit",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    },
    {
      "name": "get_data",
      "description": "Returns the data of the contract",
      "is_mutable": false,
      "arguments": [],
      "return_ty": "Data",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "name": "Created",
      "ty": "Created"
    },
    {
      "name": "Updated",
      "ty": "Updated"
    }
  ],
  "call": {
    "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",
    "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",
    "arguments": [
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",
        "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",
        "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",
        "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "name",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "Key",
        "optional": false
      }
    ]
  }
}

Schema Fields​

  • casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema. +toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.
  • Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.
  • contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.
  • contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.
  • types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.
  • errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.
  • entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.
  • events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.
  • The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6543af1f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    created_at: Var<u64>,
    created_by: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are using self.env(). It is an implementation of Module::env(), autogenerated +by #[odra::module] attribute. The function returns a reference to the ContractEnv (you can read more in +the Backend section). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables.

In this example, we use two of them:

  • get_block_time() - returns the current block time as u64.
  • caller() - returns an Odra Address of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).
info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..780c7ed58 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
        MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To perform a cross-contact call, we use the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract.

In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts.

Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, +by the #[odra::module] attribute.

To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above.

The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract.

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:

AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)

Loading the contract​

Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test +our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer:

examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs
fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {
    let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address)
}

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_calls() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(
            &test_env,
            CrossContractInitArgs {
                math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()
            }
        );
        assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
    }
}

Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize.

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)
        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);
        *contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce5c62703 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── rust-toolchain
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── bin/
|   |── build_contract.rs
|   └── build_schema.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "1.0.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "1.0.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "1.0.0"

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also +added as a dev dependency.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

bin/​

This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. +You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and +are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54215d2ac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error)]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerNotSet = 1,
    NotAnOwner = 2
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

To register errors, add the errors inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract schema.

Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:

  1. An error should be a field-less enum.
  2. The enum must be annotated with #[odra::odra_error].
  3. Avoid implicit discriminants.
note

In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn test_owner_error() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let owner = test_env.get_account(0);
        let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);

        test_env.set_caller(owner);
        let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {
            name: "OwnedContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);
        assert_eq!(
            owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),
            Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())
        );
    }
}

Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult. +OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and +and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name.

In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. +For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, +we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into().

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/events/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/events/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..636cbbc52 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/events/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Events | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Events

In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract;

#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    pub fn init(&self) {
        self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
            caller: self.env().caller(),
            block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
        });
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, add the #[odra::event] attribute like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64,
}

To emit an event, we use the emit_event function from the ContractEnv, passing the event as an argument:

examples/src/features/events.rs
self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
    caller: self.env().caller(),
    block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
});

To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract schema.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
    let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
    test_env.emitted_event(
        party_contract.address(),
        &PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env.get_account(0),
            block_time: 0
        }
    );
    // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function
    test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted");
    // You can also check how many events were emitted.
    assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1);
}

To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1ac61734 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Var<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, +if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated +by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, +as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of +the InitArgs trait provided with the framework.

The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/modules/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..338eef4b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;
use odra::module::SubModule;
use odra::prelude::*;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}
info

To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the SubModule type. This is a special type +that crates a keyspace (read more in Storage Layout) and provide access to its public methods.

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the OwnedToken example in the main Odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::ModulesContractHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
    }
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/native-token/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/native-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58f707d9f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/native-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Native token | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet;

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new attribute used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ContractEnv::transfer_tokens(). +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function - +balance_of:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PublicWalletHostRef;
    use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());

        my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));

        my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));
    }
}
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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/odra-toml/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/odra-toml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a802e30e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/odra-toml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + + + +Odra.toml | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract. +The last segment of the fqn will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will +be in the above case named flipper.wasm.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/storage-interaction/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/storage-interaction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f9d3d278 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/storage-interaction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Storage interaction | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Var​

The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Var<bool>,
    weight: Var<u32>,
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Var<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Var working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Var<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: 

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

#[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type. +CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8.

unit_only_enum.rs
enum Enum {
    Foo = 3,
    Bar = 2,
    Baz = 1,
}
note

Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute .

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83902c427 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {
            name: "DogContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section.

use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

We are using super to import the DogContract3HostRef and DogContract3InitArgs from the parent module. +{{ModuleName}}HostRef and {{ModuleName}}InitArgs are types that was generated for us by Odra.

DogContract3HostRef is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints) +and implements HostRef trait.

DogContract3InitArgs is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements InitArgs trait. +Considering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:

  1. The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named {{ModuleName}}InitArgs.
  2. The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs.
  3. The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs. +All of those structs implement the odra::host::InitArgs trait, required to conform to the +Deployer::deploy method signature.

The other import is odra::host::Deployer. This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it.

Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract? +{{ModuleName}}HostRef implements the Deployer trait, which provides the deploy method:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with the odra::module attribute are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

HostEnv​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn env() {
        let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract2".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert_ne!(creator, creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). +Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0-th account
  • fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract

Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23ac050e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/backends/index.html b/docs/docs/category/backends/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e073611b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/backends/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Backends | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/basics/index.html b/docs/docs/category/basics/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6c368be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/basics/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Basics | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75d4383ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee6f5d893 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/migrations/index.html b/docs/docs/category/migrations/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed208b3f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/migrations/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Migrations | Odra + + + + + +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/category/tutorials/index.html b/docs/docs/category/tutorials/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f35f6480b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/category/tutorials/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Tutorials | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/examples/odra-examples/index.html b/docs/docs/examples/odra-examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17be71243 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/examples/odra-examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +odra-examples | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html b/docs/docs/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5eed5428 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/examples/using-odra-modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Using odra-modules | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "1.0.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "1.0.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "1.0.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = "1.0.0"
odra-modules = "1.0.0"

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

CEP-18​

Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 here.

CEP-78​

Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 here.

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c6253aeb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

Testing​

To run the tests, execute the following command:

cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/getting-started/installation/index.html b/docs/docs/getting-started/installation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50772df2a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/getting-started/installation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Installation | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --locked

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/index.html b/docs/docs/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eadb7c4e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Odra framework | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Odra framework

Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for Casper Network. Odra encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

It's free and open source!

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1f222209 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.8.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Migration guide to v0.8.0

Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version.

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:

  • Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only.
  • Framework internals redesign.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Add bin directory​

Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory.

You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2. Update Cargo.toml​

There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file.

  • You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.
  • Register bins you added in the previous step.
  • Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.
  • Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process.

Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

2.2. Update Odra.toml​

Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required.

[[contracts]]
fqn = "my_project::Flipper"

2.3. Update Smart Contracts​

The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​

  • Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.
  • odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.
  • Variable is now Var.
  • Remove odra::contract_env.
  • Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.
  • Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.
  • Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;.

2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​

  • Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.
  • BlockTime - use u64.
  • EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes.

2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​

2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​

// Before
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>
}
// After
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​

execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro.

use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.3.6. Update events definitions.​

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Event;

#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

// Emitting the event
self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
   from: None,
   to: Some(*address),
   amount: *amount
});

2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​

self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes.

  • fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.
  • fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).
  • set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions.
  • fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].
  • fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.
  • fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).
  • fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.
  • functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed.

2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]
pub struct Erc721Token {
    core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,
    metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>
}

2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​

However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()).

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Token {
    fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;
}

// Usage
TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)

2.3.10. Update constructors.​

Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init.

2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​

The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter.

2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​

Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required.

2.4. Update Tests​

Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.4.1. Contract deployment.​

The way you deploy a contract has changed:

  1. You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.
  2. Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.
  3. If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
  4. If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
// A contract without init args
use super::OwnableHostRef;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)

// A contract with init args
use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
    name: NAME.to_string(),
    decimals: DECIMALS,
    initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
};
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

2.4.2. Host interactions.​

  1. Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().
  2. The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences:
    • test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).
    • test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).
    • functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef.

2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​

test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result. +try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro.

#[test]
fn transfer_from_error() {
   let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

   let (owner, spender, recipient) =
      (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
   let amount = 1_000.into();
   env.set_caller(spender);

   assert_eq!(
      erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),
      Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
   );
}

2.4.4. Testing events.​

assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. +The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options.

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

...

assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Approval {
         owner,
         spender,
         value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
   }
));
assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Transfer {
         from: Some(owner),
         to: Some(recipient),
         amount: transfer_amount
   }
));

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   use odra::OdraError;

   #[derive(OdraError)]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
   use super::{
      errors::Error,
      events::{Approval, Transfer},
      Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs
   };
   use odra::{
      casper_types::U256,
      host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},
      prelude::*
   };

   const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
   const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
   const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
   const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

   fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
      let env = odra_test::env();
      (
         env.clone(),
         Erc20HostRef::deploy(
               &env,
               Erc20InitArgs {
                  symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                  name: NAME.to_string(),
                  decimals: DECIMALS,
                  initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
               }
         )
      )
   }

   #[test]
   fn initialization() {
      // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
      let (env, erc20) = setup();

      // Then the contract has the metadata set.
      assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

      // Then the total supply is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

      // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: None,
               to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
               amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_works() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
      let sender = env.get_account(0);
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = 1_000.into();
      erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

      // Then the sender balance is deducted.
      assert_eq!(
         erc20.balance_of(&sender),
         U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
      );

      // Then the recipient balance is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

      // Then Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: Some(sender),
               to: Some(recipient),
               amount
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_error() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

      // Then an error occurs.
      assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
   }

   // Other tests...
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html b/docs/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0989f9887 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.9.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Migration guide to v0.9.0

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using version 0.8.0 of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.9.0. For migration from version 0.7.1 and below, start with the previous guide. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant change in 0.9.0 is the way of defining custom elements namely type, events and errors.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​

Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2 Update smart contract code​

The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes.

2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​

#[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​

#[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. +Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute.

#[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
    // fields
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.2.3. Update events definitions.​

#[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   #[odra::odra_error]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    // nothing changed in the tests
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html b/docs/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..988b98374 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Advanced Storage Concepts | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Advanced Storage Concepts

The Odra Framework provides advanced storage interaction capabilities that extend beyond the basic storage interaction. This document will focus on the Mapping and Sequence modules, which are key components of the advanced storage interaction in Odra.

Recap and Basic Concepts​

Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values.

Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract.

Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key.

List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over.

If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra.

Advanced Storage Concepts​

Sequence​

The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. 

pub struct Sequence<T>
where
    T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped
{
    value: Var<T>
}

The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively.

Advanced Mapping​

In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. +In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state.

Let's consider the following example:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken;

#[odra::module]
pub struct Mappings {
    strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>,
    tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Mappings {

    ...

    pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 {
        self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply()
    }

    pub fn get_string_api(
        &self, 
        key1: String, 
        key2: u32, 
        key3: String
    ) -> String {
        let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3));
        opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env())
    }
}

As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value.

note

Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers.

Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule.

Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules.

AdvancedStorage Contract​

The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts.

use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping};
use odra::prelude::*;
use crate::modules::Token;

#[odra::module]
pub struct AdvancedStorage {
    counter: Sequence<u32>,
    tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>,
}

impl AdvancedStorage {
    pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.get_current_value()
    }

    pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 {
        self.counter.next_value()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 {
        let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.balance_of(&address)
    }

    pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) {
        let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator));
        token.mint(amount, to);
    }
}

Conclusion​

Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are:

  1. Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.
  2. Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values.

Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/advanced/attributes/index.html b/docs/docs/next/advanced/attributes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..253b73905 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/advanced/attributes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + + + +Attributes | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Attributes

Smart contract developers with Ethereum background are familiar with Solidity's concept of modifiers in Solidity - a feature that +allows developers to embed common checks into function definitions in a readable and reusable manner. +These are essentially prerequisites for function execution.

Odra defines a few attributes that can be applied to functions to equip them with superpowers.

Payable​

When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens.

Example​

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
#[odra(payable)]
pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
    // Extract values
    let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
    let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value();
    let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

    // Multiple lock check
    if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
        self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
    }

    // Update state, emit event
    self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
    self.lock_expiration_map
        .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
    self.env()
      .emit_event(Deposit {
        address: caller,
        amount
    });
}

If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected.

Non Reentrant​

Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds.

To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts.

They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions.

In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function.

Example​

#[odra::module]
pub struct NonReentrantCounter {
    counter: Var<u32>
}

#[odra::module]
impl NonReentrantCounter {
    #[odra(non_reentrant)]
    pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n > 0 {
            self.count();
            ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1);
        }
    }
}

impl NonReentrantCounter {
    fn count(&mut self) {
        let c = self.counter.get_or_default();
        self.counter.set(c + 1);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError};

    #[test]
    fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);

        let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11);
        assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into());
    }
}

Mixing attributes​

A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. +To apply multiple attributes, you can write:

#[odra(payable, non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

or 

#[odra(payable)]
#[odra(non_reentrant)]
fn deposit() {
  // your logic...
}

In both cases attributes order does not matter.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/advanced/building-manually/index.html b/docs/docs/next/advanced/building-manually/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b6b4e0a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/advanced/building-manually/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +Building contracts manually | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Building contracts manually

cargo odra is a great tool to build and test your contracts, but sometimes +a better control over the parameters that are passed to the cargo +or the compiler is needed.

This is especially useful when the project has multiple features, and there is a need +to switch between them during the building and testing.

Knowing that cargo odra is a simple wrapper around cargo, it is easy to replicate +the same behavior by using cargo directly.

Building the contract manually​

To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
info

Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build.

Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build +the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. +The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under +the name my_project_build_contract.wasm.

The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and +to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file:

mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm

Optimizing the contract​

To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool:

wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm

To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used.

wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
danger

This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not +fully compatible with the Casper execution engine.

Running the tests manually​

To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. +To run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used:

ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test

Wrapping up​

Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the +casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project.

To do that, we can use the following set of commands:

ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract
mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm
wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm
ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/advanced/delegate/index.html b/docs/docs/next/advanced/delegate/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d6a6d7e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/advanced/delegate/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Delegate | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Delegate

Managing boilerplate code can often lead to code that is cumbersome and challenging to comprehend. The Odra library introduces a solution to this issue with its Delegate feature. As the name implies, the Delegate feature permits the delegation of function calls to child modules, effectively minimizing the redundancy of boilerplate code and maintaining a lean and orderly parent module.

The main advantage of this feature is that it allows you to inherit the default behavior of child modules seamlessly, making your contracts more readable.

Overview​

To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand.

You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself.

Code Examples​

Consider the following basic example for better understanding:

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256,
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256);
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
            fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
            fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality.

The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities.

Let's take a look at another example.

use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange};
use odra::{
    Address, casper_types::U256, 
    module::SubModule,
    prelude::*
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DeFiPlatform {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>,
    exchange: SubModule<Exchange>
}

#[odra::module]
impl DeFiPlatform {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
        self.exchange.init(exchange_rate);
    }

    delegate! {
        to self.erc20 {
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256);
            fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256;
        }

        to self.ownable {
            fn get_owner(&self) -> Address;
        }

        to self.exchange {
            fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address);
            fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64);
        }
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure.

Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout/index.html b/docs/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b61cbd1c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + +Storage Layout | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Storage Layout

Odra's innovative modular design necessitates a unique storage layout. This +article explains step-by-step Odra's storage layout.

Casper VM Perspective​

The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or +dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, +making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this +issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This +dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum +length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays.

Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look +like:

pub trait CasperStorage {
    fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
    fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>);
}

Odra Perspective​

Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, +we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider +this straightforward storage definition:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Token {
    name: Var<String>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>
}

The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String and +balances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys and +U256 as values.

The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more +complex example:

#[odra::module]
pub struct Loans {
    lenders: SubModule<Token>,
    borrowers: SubModule<Token>,
}

The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have +the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees that +lenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage +dictionary.

Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout +operates.

Key generation.​

Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index +ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an +element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index +serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module.

While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an +example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual +implementation.

Loans {
    lenders: Token {   // prefix: 0x0001
        name: 1,       //    key: 0x0001_0001
        balances: 2    //    key: 0x0001_0010
    },
    borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010
        name: 1,       //    key: 0x0010_0001
        balances: 2    //    key: 0x0010_0010
    }
}

Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in the +storage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as +demonstrated in the example.

For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a +key:

0x0001_0001_1234_abcd

Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then +encoded in hexadecimal format.

Value serialization​

Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using +the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper's +Bytes types.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html b/docs/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7352f2e99 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + + + + +Memory allocators | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Memory allocators

When compiling contracts to wasm, your code needs to be no-std. +This means that instead of using the standard library, the core +crate will be linked to your code. This crate does not contain +a memory allocator.

Happily, Odra automatically enables allocator - from our tests +the one developed by ink! +seems to be the best.

Using a different allocator​

If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that +already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling +the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project:

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] }

If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled +during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/backends/casper/index.html b/docs/docs/next/backends/casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9c165e33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/backends/casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + +Casper | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Casper

The Casper backend allows you to compile your contracts into WASM files which can be deployed +onto Casper Blockchain +and lets you to easily run them against Casper's Execution Engine locally.

Contract Env​

As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances.

Events​

An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've +already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity.

Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed:

  1. __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.
  2. __events_length - the evens count.
  3. __events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard.
  4. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas.

Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key.

So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract.

A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event].

note

Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])].

Payable​

The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key.

Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse.

Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. +If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts.

The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value().

note

Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. +In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero.

Revert​

In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). +Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User.

Context​

Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. +If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack.

The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address.

As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, +you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse.

Test Env​

Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine.

In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000).

The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value.

Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env.

Usage​

Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -b +parameter:

cargo odra test -b casper

If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run:

cargo odra build -b casper

Deploying a contract to Casper network​

There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. +You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool +or using the Odra's Livenet integration.

Let's explore the first option to better understand the process.

note

If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration.

WASM arguments​

When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. +Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set:

  • odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.
  • odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.
  • odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable.

Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments.

When working with the test env via cargo odra or when using +Livenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather use +casper-client directly, you have to pass them manually:

Example: Deploy Counter​

To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. +Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 5000000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "value:u32:42"

For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'.

Example: Deploy ERC721​

Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. +Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory.

Firstly contract needs to be compiled.

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token

It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory.

Now it's time to deploy the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \
  --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \
  --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'"

It's done. +The contract is deployed and ready to use. +Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC721 module.

To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key +in your account's named keys.

Example: Deploy ERC1155​

The process is similar to the one described in the previous section.

Contract compilation:

cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token

Contract deployment:

casper-client put-deploy \
  --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \
  --chain-name casper-test \
  --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \
  --payment-amount 300000000000 \
  --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
  --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \

As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. +For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module.

Sending CSPR to a contract​

Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section.

What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable +entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. +When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. +The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. +The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that +top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract.

Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. +You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasm +we maintain.

Using proxy_caller.wasm​

To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments:

  • contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. +Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.
  • entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.
  • args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass +to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.
  • attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.
  • amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. +It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse.

Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. +You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section.

Execution​

First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - +a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/backends/livenet/index.html b/docs/docs/next/backends/livenet/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51da46818 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/backends/livenet/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + +Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Livenet

The Livenet backend let us deploy and test the contracts on the real blockchain. It can be a local +test node, a testnet or even the mainnet. It is possible and even recommended using the Livenet backend +to handle the deployment of your contracts to the real blockchain.

Furthermore, it is implemented in a similarly to Casper or OdraVM, +however, it uses a real blockchain to deploy contracts and store the state. +This lets us use Odra to deploy and test contracts on a real blockchain, but +on the other hand, it comes with some limitations on what can be done in the tests.

The main differences between Livenet and e.g. CasperVM backend are:

  • Real CSPR tokens are used to deploy and call contracts. This also means that we need to +pay for each contract deployment and each contract call. Of course, we can use the faucet +to get some tokens for testing purposes, but we still need to specify the amount needed +for each action.
  • The contract state is stored on the real blockchain, so we can't just reset the state - +we can redeploy the contract, but we can't remove the old one.
  • Because of the above, we can load the existing contracts and use them in the tests.
  • We have no control over the block time. This means that for example, advance_block_time function +is implemented by waiting for the real time to pass.

This is also a cause for the fact that the Livenet backend cannot be (yet) used for running +the regular Odra tests. Instead, we can create integration tests or binaries which will +use a slightly different workflow to test the contracts.

Setup​

To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private +key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use +more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env +file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from +examples folder:

# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used
# to deploy the contracts.
# We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit
# the secret key to the repository.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777

# Chain name of the network. Known values:
# - integration-test
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test

# Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts.
# Main secret key will be 0th account.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem

# If using CSPR.cloud, you can set the auth token here.
# CSPR_CLOUD_AUTH_TOKEN=
note

CSPR.cloud is a service that provides mainnet and testnet Casper nodes on demand.

With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find +a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. +Let's go through the code:

fn main() {
    // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize
    // the environment:
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the
    // OdraVM backend.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain,
    // so we need to provide them
    // if we did not import their secret keys.
    let recipient = 
        "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Arguments for the contract init method.
    let name = String::from("Plascoin");
    let symbol = String::from("PLS");
    let decimals = 10u8;
    let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000);
    
    // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify
    // the gas limit for each action.
    // The limit will be used for every consecutive action
    // until we change it.
    env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64);
    
    // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend.
    let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply: Some(initial_supply)
    };
    let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args);
    
    // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend.
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Uncomment to load existing contract.
    // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract
    // that is already deployed.
    // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address);

    // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later.
    println!("Token name: {}", token.name());

    // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment,
    // so we change the amount of gas
    env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64);
    token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000));

    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner));
    println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient));
}
note

The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of the +Cargo.toml file:

[bin]
name = "erc20_on_livenet"
path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

Usage​

To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled:

cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet
note

Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file.

A part of a sample output should look like this:

...
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...".
💁  INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed.
Owner's balance: 4004
Recipient's balance: 4000

Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. +Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. +We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant +and cost us nothing. How it is possible?

info

You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example +can be seen here.

How Livenet backend works​

All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. +It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free.

This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the +node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free.

Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract +(see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and +node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts +and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts

Multiple environments​

It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, +multiple nodes or even multiple chains.

To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. +Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file +has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will +override the value from the .env file.

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet

To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/backends/odra-vm/index.html b/docs/docs/next/backends/odra-vm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae1b8b215 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/backends/odra-vm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +OdraVM | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

OdraVM

The OdraVM is a simple implementation of a mock backend with a minimal set of features that allows testing +the code written in Odra without compiling the contract to the target architecture and spinning up the +blockchain.

Thanks to OdraVM tests run a lot faster than other backends. You can even debug the code in real time - +simply use your IDE's debug functionality.

Usage​

The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run

cargo odra test

You are running your code against it.

Architecture​

OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State.

The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address.

Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM.

Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, +the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. +Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, +OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed.

Execution​

When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting +your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. +When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. +During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html b/docs/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3662f9211 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + +What is a backend? | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

What is a backend?

You can think of a backend as a target platform for your smart contract. +This can be a piece of code allowing you to quickly check your code - like OdraVM, +a complete virtual machine, spinning up a blockchain for you - like CasperVM, +or even a real blockchain - when using Livenet backend.

Each backend has to come with two parts that Odra requires - the Contract Env and the Host Env.

Contract Env​

The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, +exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract.

It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - +for example, to implement Mapping, +Odra requires some kind of storage integration. +The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, +making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, +instead of messing with the blockchain internals.

Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events.

Host Env​

Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with +the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests.

This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, +to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc.

What's next​

We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c54830936 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + + + + +Cargo Odra | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Cargo Odra

If you followed the Installation tutorial properly, +you should already be set up with the Cargo Odra tool. It is an executable that will help you with +managing your smart contracts project, testing and running them with various configurations.

Let's take a look at all the possibilities that Cargo Odra gives you.

Managing projects​

Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. +You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}:

cargo odra new --name my-project

This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it +for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. +By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running:

cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project

The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created +with the full template.

By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. +You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter:

cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra
cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release
cargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.1.0 # will use a version released on crates.io

The second way of creating a project is by using init command:

cargo odra init --name my-project

It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project +in the current, empty directory.

Generating code​

If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command:

cargo odra generate -c counter

This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections +to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, +visit Odra.toml.

Testing​

The most used command during the development of your project should be this one:

cargo odra test

It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVM +and implements all the features Odra uses.

When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -b +option:

cargo odra test -b casper

In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, +spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat.

Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. +This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. +Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end.

If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command +(which is run in the background obviously):

cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test

If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute:

cargo odra test -- two

Of course, you can do the same when using the backend:

cargo odra test -b casper -- two

Building code​

You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. +To do so, simply run:

cargo odra build

If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. +Notice, that this command does not require the -b option.

If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option:

cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts

Generating contract schema​

If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command:

cargo odra schema

This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. +If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you.

Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract.

What's next​

In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created +for us and explain their purpose.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aed125b93 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Casper Contract Schema | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Casper Contract Schema

Working in collaboration with the Casper Association we designed the Casper Contract Schema (CCS). This a standardize description of smart contracts. This is a crucial step enhancing tool development and increasing ecosystem interoperability.

Odra and CCS​

There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory.

note

If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema.

src/contract.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(
    // the name of the contract, default is the module name
    name = "MyContract",
    // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate
    version = "0.1.0",   
     // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used
    events = [          
        Created,
        Updated
    ],
    // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used
    errors = MyErrors   
)]
pub struct MyContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl MyContract {
    /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.owner.set(owner.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Created { name });
    }

    /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event
    pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name.clone());
        self.env().emit_event(Updated { name });
    }

    /// Returns the data of the contract
    pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data {
        Data {
            name: self.name.get_or_default(),
            owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner),
        }
    }
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Data {
    name: String,
    owner: Address,
}

// The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum MyErrors {
    /// The owner is invalid
    InvalidOwner,
    /// The name is invalid
    InvalidName,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Updated {
    name: String,
}

// The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section
#[odra::event]
pub struct Created {
    name: String,
}

Generating the Schema​

To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command:

cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract

Schema Output​

The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema:

resources/my_contract_schema.json
{
  "casper_contract_schema_version": 1,
  "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)",
  "authors": [],
  "repository": null,
  "homepage": null,
  "contract_name": "MyContract",
  "contract_version": "0.1.0",
  "types": [
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Created",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Data",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          },
          {
            "name": "owner",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "Key"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "struct": {
        "name": "Updated",
        "description": null,
        "members": [
          {
            "name": "name",
            "description": null,
            "ty": "String"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "errors": [
    {
      "name": "InvalidName",
      "description": "The name is invalid",
      "discriminant": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "InvalidOwner",
      "description": "The owner is invalid",
      "discriminant": 0
    }
  ],
  "entry_points": [
    {
      "name": "update",
      "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event",
      "is_mutable": true,
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "name",
          "description": null,
          "ty": "String",
          "optional": false
        }
      ],
      "return_ty": "Unit",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    },
    {
      "name": "get_data",
      "description": "Returns the data of the contract",
      "is_mutable": false,
      "arguments": [],
      "return_ty": "Data",
      "is_contract_context": true,
      "access": "public"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "name": "Created",
      "ty": "Created"
    },
    {
      "name": "Updated",
      "ty": "Updated"
    }
  ],
  "call": {
    "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm",
    "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event",
    "arguments": [
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name",
        "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.",
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override",
        "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable",
        "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.",
        "ty": "Bool",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "name",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "String",
        "optional": false
      },
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "description": null,
        "ty": "Key",
        "optional": false
      }
    ]
  }
}

Schema Fields​

  • casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema. +toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.
  • Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.
  • contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.
  • contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.
  • types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.
  • errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.
  • entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.
  • events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.
  • The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b9b64b53 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + + + + +Host Communication | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Host Communication

One of the things that your contract will probably do is to query the host for some information - +what is the current time? Who called me? Following example shows how to do this:

examples/src/features/host_functions.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HostContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    created_at: Var<u64>,
    created_by: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl HostContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.created_at.set(self.env().get_block_time());
        self.created_by.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you can see, we are using self.env(). It is an implementation of Module::env(), autogenerated +by #[odra::module] attribute. The function returns a reference to the ContractEnv (you can read more in +the Backend section). This is a structure that provides access to the host functions and variables.

In this example, we use two of them:

  • get_block_time() - returns the current block time as u64.
  • caller() - returns an Odra Address of the caller (this can be an external caller or another contract).
info

You will learn more functions that Odra exposes from host and types it uses in further articles.

What's next​

In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code +we presented in fact works!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/cross-calls/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/cross-calls/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f882b6859 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/cross-calls/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Cross calls | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Cross calls

To show how to handle calls between contracts, first, let's implement two of them:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct CrossContract {
    pub math_engine: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CrossContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, math_engine_address: Address) {
        self.math_engine.set(math_engine_address);
    }

    pub fn add_using_another(&self) -> u32 {
        let math_engine_address = self.math_engine.get().unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
        MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct MathEngine;

#[odra::module]
impl MathEngine {
    pub fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32 {
        n1 + n2
    }
}

MathEngine contract can add two numbers. CrossContract takes an Address in its init function and saves it in +storage for later use. If we deploy the MathEngine first and take note of its address, we can then deploy +CrossContract and use MathEngine to perform complicated calculations for us!

To perform a cross-contact call, we use the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef that was created for us by Odra:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
MathEngineContractRef::new(self.env(), math_engine_address).add(3, 5)

Contract Ref​

We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract.

In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts.

Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, +by the #[odra::module] attribute.

To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above.

The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module] +impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract.

External Contracts

Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI.

For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of.

Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere.

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Adder {
    fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32;
}

Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call:

AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5)

Loading the contract​

Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test +our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer:

examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs
fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef {
    let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address)
}

Testing​

Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge:

examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef};
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_calls() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(
            &test_env,
            CrossContractInitArgs {
                math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address()
            }
        );
        assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8);
    }
}

Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize.

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};
    
    #[test]
    fn test_ext() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5)
        assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3);
    }

    fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address {
        let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs);
        *contract.address()
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/directory-structure/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/directory-structure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8291ee1a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/directory-structure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + +Directory structure | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Directory structure

After creating a new project using Odra and running the tests, you will be presented with the +following files and directories:

.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Odra.toml
├── README.md
├── rust-toolchain
├── src/
│   ├── flipper.rs
│   └── lib.rs
├── bin/
|   |── build_contract.rs
|   └── build_schema.rs
├── target/
└── wasm/

Cargo.toml​

Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file:

[package]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "1.1.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "1.1.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "1.1.0"

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "sample_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also +added as a dev dependency.

Odra.toml​

This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build and +cargo odra test:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to +the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. +More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command.

src/​

This is the folder where your smart contract files live.

bin/​

This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. +You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and +are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands.

target/​

Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here.

wasm/​

WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files +and deploy them on the blockchain.

What's next

Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, +namely the Odra.toml file.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/errors/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/errors/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c79115011 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/errors/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + +Errors | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Errors

Odra comes with tools that allow you to throw, handle and test for errors in execution. Take a look at the +following example of a simple owned contract:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error)]
pub struct OwnedContract {
    name: Var<String>,
    owner: Var<Address>
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerNotSet = 1,
    NotAnOwner = 2
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller())
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.owner.get_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)
    }

    pub fn change_name(&mut self, name: String) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        if caller != self.owner() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)
        }

        self.name.set(name);
    }
}

Firstly, we are using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute to define our own set of Errors that our contract will +throw. Then, you can use those errors in your code - for example, instead of forcefully unwrapping Options, you can use +unwrap_or_revert_with and pass an error as an argument:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.owner.get().unwrap_or_revert_with(Error::OwnerNotSet)

You can also throw the error directly, by using revert:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
self.env().revert(Error::NotAnOwner)

To register errors, add the errors inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute and pass the error type as the value. The registered errors will be present in the contract schema.

Defining an error in Odra, you must keep in mind a few rules:

  1. An error should be a field-less enum.
  2. The enum must be annotated with #[odra::odra_error].
  3. Avoid implicit discriminants.
note

In your project you can define as many error enums as you wish, but you must ensure that the discriminants are unique across the project!

Testing errors​

Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner:

examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn test_owner_error() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let owner = test_env.get_account(0);
        let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1);

        test_env.set_caller(owner);
        let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs {
            name: "OwnedContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

        test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner);
        assert_eq!(
            owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()),
            Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into())
        );
    }
}

Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult. +OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and +and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name.

In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. +For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, +we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into().

What's next​

We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra.

Last updated on
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+
Version: next

Events

In the EVM world events are stored as logs within the blockchain's transaction receipts. These logs can be accessed by external applications or other smart contracts to monitor and react to specific events. Casper does not support events natively, however, Odra mimics this feature. Take a look:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::module(events = [PartyStarted])]
pub struct PartyContract;

#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64
}

#[odra::module]
impl PartyContract {
    pub fn init(&self) {
        self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
            caller: self.env().caller(),
            block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
        });
    }
}

We defined a new contract, which emits an event called PartyStarted when the contract is deployed. +To define an event, add the #[odra::event] attribute like this:

examples/src/features/events.rs
#[odra::event]
pub struct PartyStarted {
    pub caller: Address,
    pub block_time: u64,
}

To emit an event, we use the emit_event function from the ContractEnv, passing the event as an argument:

examples/src/features/events.rs
self.env().emit_event(PartyStarted {
    caller: self.env().caller(),
    block_time: self.env().get_block_time()
});

To determine all the events at compilation time to register them once the contract is deployed. To register events, add an events inner attribute to the struct's #[odra::module] attribute. The registered events will also be present in the contract schema.

The event collection process is recursive; if your module consists of other modules, and they have already registered their events, you don't need to add them to the parent module.

Testing events​

Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted:

examples/src/features/events.rs
use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, NoArgs};

#[test]
fn test_party() {
    let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
    let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
    test_env.emitted_event(
        &party_contract,
        &PartyStarted {
            caller: test_env.get_account(0),
            block_time: 0
        }
    );
    // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function
    test_env.emitted(&party_contract, "PartyStarted");
    // You can also check how many events were emitted.
    assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(&party_contract), 1);
}

To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80688f671 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + +Flipper Internals | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Flipper Internals

In this article, we take a deep dive into the code shown in the +Flipper example, where we will explain in more detail all +the Odra-specific sections of the code.

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation +that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible +for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage.

Struct​

flipper.rs
/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value,
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need +to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all +the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not +be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming +from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something like +Var<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at the +next article.

Impl​

flipper.rs
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }
    ...

Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take all +pub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have +functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, +you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked +with pub will be not callable.

The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only +to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, +if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it.

flipper.rs
    ...
    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }
    ...

The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data +saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain.

Tests​

flipper.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }
    ...

You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the +contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated +by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, +as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of +the InitArgs trait provided with the framework.

The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test.

What's next​

Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them.

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+
Version: next

Modules

Simply put, modules in Odra let you reuse your code between contracts or even projects. Every contract you +write is also a module, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. This means that we can easily rewrite our math +example from the previous article, to use a single contract, but still separate our "math" code:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
use crate::features::cross_calls::MathEngine;
use odra::module::SubModule;
use odra::prelude::*;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ModulesContract {
    pub math_engine: SubModule<MathEngine>
}

#[odra::module]
impl ModulesContract {
    pub fn add_using_module(&self) -> u32 {
        self.math_engine.add(3, 5)
    }
}
info

To use a module as a component of another module, you need to use the SubModule type. This is a special type +that crates a keyspace (read more in Storage Layout) and provide access to its public methods.

Note that we didn't need to rewrite the MathEngine - we are using the contract from cross calls example as +a module!

info

To see how modules can be used in a real-world scenario, check out the OwnedToken example in the main Odra repository!

Testing​

As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple:

examples/src/features/modules.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::ModulesContractHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8);
    }
}

What's next​

We will see how to handle native token transfers.

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+
Version: next

Native token

Different blockchains come with different implementations of their native tokens. Odra wraps it all for you +in easy-to-use code. Let's write a simple example of a public wallet - a contract where anyone can deposit +their funds and anyone can withdraw them:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, module::Module};

#[odra::module]
pub struct PublicWallet;

#[odra::module]
impl PublicWallet {
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {}

    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.env().caller(), amount);
    }
}
danger

The code above works, but is dangerous and unfinished - besides allowing you to lose your funds to anyone, it doesn't make +any checks. To keep the code simple, we skipped the part, where the contract checks if the transfer is +even possible.

To see a more reasonable example, check out examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs in the odra main repository.

You can see a new attribute used here: #[odra(payable)] - it will add all the code needed for a function to +be able to receive the funds. Additionally, we are using a new function from ContractEnv::transfer_tokens(). +It does exactly what you are expecting it to do - it transfers native tokens from the contract to the +specified address.

Testing​

To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function - +balance_of:

examples/src/features/native_token.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PublicWalletHostRef;
    use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}};

    #[test]
    fn test_modules() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero());

        my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit();
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100));

        my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25));
        assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75));
    }
}

HostEnv​

In a broader context of the host environment (test, livenet), you can also transfer CSPR tokens between accounts:

let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();
//let env = odra_test::env();
let (alice, bob) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1));

env.set_caller(alice);
let result = env.transfer_tokens(bob, odra::casper_types::U512::from(100));
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+
Version: next

Odra.toml

As mentioned in the previous article, Odra.toml is a file that contains information about all the contracts +that Odra will build. Let's take a look at the file structure again:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

The fqn (Fully Qualified Name) is used by the building tools to locate and build the contract. +The last segment of the fqn will be used as the name for your contract - the generated wasm file will +be in the above case named flipper.wasm.

Adding a new contract manually​

Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. +To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly.

For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally +look like this:

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Flipper"

[[contracts]]
fqn = "sample::Counter"

What's next​

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famous +Flipper contract.

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+
Version: next

Storage interaction

The Odra framework implements multiple types of data that can be stored on the blockchain. Let's go +through all of them and explain their pros and cons.

Var​

The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your +variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract {
    barks: Var<bool>,
    weight: Var<u32>,
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)!

Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract {
    pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) {
        self.barks.set(barks);
        self.weight.set(weight);
        self.name.set(name);
        self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default());
    }

    pub fn barks(&self) -> bool {
        self.barks.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 {
        self.weight.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.len() as u32
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
        walks.iter().sum()
    }
}

As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
...
self.barks.get_or_default()
...
note

Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable +doesn't have to be initialized!

To modify the data, use the set() function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
self.barks.set(barks);

A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it +serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, +each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage.

In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function:

examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs
pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize {
    let walks = self.walks.get_or_default();
    walks.len()
}

But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, +especially for larger sets of data.

To tackle this issue following two types were created.

Mapping​

The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to +pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that +uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract2 {
    name: Var<String>,
    friends: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values +(amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach +to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key:

examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs
pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) {
    let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone());
    self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1);
}

pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 {
    self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name)
}

The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. +The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. +We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a +separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type.

note

If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with +a Var working together:

core/src/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

pub struct List<T> {
    values: Mapping<u32, T>,
    index: Var<u32>
}

List​

Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, +we'll use the list:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct DogContract3 {
    name: Var<String>,
    walks: List<u32>,
}

As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look +at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk +(it writes the data to the storage):

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
#[odra::module]
impl DogContract3 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) {
        self.name.set(name);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.len()
    }

    pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 {
        self.walks.iter().sum()
    }

    pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
        self.walks.push(length);
    }
}

Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. +We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all +the cases for you.

info

All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder.

Custom Types​

By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors.

Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: 

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

#[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type. +CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8.

unit_only_enum.rs
enum Enum {
    Foo = 3,
    Bar = 2,
    Baz = 1,
}
note

Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute .

What's next​

In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/basics/testing/index.html b/docs/docs/next/basics/testing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3683ae382 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/basics/testing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + + +Testing | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Testing

Thanks to the Odra framework, you can test your code in any way you are used to. This means you can write +regular Rust unit and integration tests. Have a look at how we test the Dog Contract we created in the +previous article:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
use odra::{List, Var};

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
    use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn init_test() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = DogContract3InitArgs {
            name: "DogContract".to_string()
        };
        let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 0);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);
        dog_contract.walk_the_dog(10);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_amount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dog_contract.walks_total_length(), 15);
    }
}

The first interesting thing you may notice is placed the import section.

use super::{DogContract3HostRef, DogContract3InitArgs};
use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*};

We are using super to import the DogContract3HostRef and DogContract3InitArgs from the parent module. +{{ModuleName}}HostRef and {{ModuleName}}InitArgs are types that was generated for us by Odra.

DogContract3HostRef is a reference to the contract that we can use to interact with it (call entrypoints) +and implements HostRef trait.

DogContract3InitArgs is a struct that we use to initialize the contract and implements InitArgs trait. +Considering the contract initialization, there three possible scenarios:

  1. The contract has a constructor with arguments, then Odra creates a struct named {{ModuleName}}InitArgs.
  2. The contract has a constructor with no arguments, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs.
  3. The contract does not have a constructor, then you can use odra::host::NoArgs. +All of those structs implement the odra::host::InitArgs trait, required to conform to the +Deployer::deploy method signature.

The other import is odra::host::Deployer. This is a trait is used to deploy the contract and give us a reference to it.

Let's take a look at the test itself. How to obtain a reference to the contract? +{{ModuleName}}HostRef implements the Deployer trait, which provides the deploy method:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
let mut dog_contract = DogContract3HostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);

From now on, we can use dog_contract to interact with our deployed contract - in particular, all +pub functions from the impl section that was annotated with the odra::module attribute are available to us:

examples/src/features/storage/list.rs
// Impl
pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) {
    self.walks.push(length);
}

...

// Test
dog_contract.walk_the_dog(5);

HostEnv​

Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) +and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous +article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works:

examples/src/features/testing.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs};
    use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*};

    #[test]
    fn env() {
        let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator = testing_contract.created_by();
        test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1));
        let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs {
            name: "MyContract2".to_string()
        };
        let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args);
        let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by();
        assert_ne!(creator, creator2);
    }
}

In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). +Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_caller +to change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller() +the function we are calling inside the contract.

HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests:

  • fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just now
  • fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given address
  • fn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_time
  • fn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; +by default, you start with the 0-th account
  • fn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance, R: Addressable>(&self, contract_address: &R, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract

Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation.

What's next​

We take a look at how Odra handles errors!

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/category/advanced/index.html b/docs/docs/next/category/advanced/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..188d22fa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/category/advanced/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Advanced | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Advanced

Advanced concepts of Odra Framework

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+
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+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/category/examples/index.html b/docs/docs/next/category/examples/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f6e65f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/category/examples/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Examples | Odra + + + + + +
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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/category/getting-started/index.html b/docs/docs/next/category/getting-started/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17b0682a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/category/getting-started/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Getting started | Odra + + + + + +
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+
Version: next

Tutorials

The theory is good, but the practice is even better. Let's go through a few examples summing up all the Odra concepts.

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+
Version: next

odra-examples

Odra repository provides rich source learning materials. We want to ensure you would feel comfortable with the framework from day one and make the learning curve as flat as possible. Are you a Solidity developer? Are you a Casper developer? Are you new to smart contracts development? To learn Odra from its creators, look at the examples in the Odra main repository.

The examples we have prepared demonstrate in "real code" all the concepts you have read in this documentation, from a simple access control module ending up with a wallet where you can lock your native tokens for a certain amount of time.

Don't worry if you find learning solely by reading the code challenging. Go to the Tutorial section, where we will review it together. We will break the code into pieces, leaving no space for further questions.

What's next​

Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules.

Last updated on
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+
Version: next

Using odra-modules

Besides the Odra framework, you can attach to your project odra-module - a set of plug-and-play modules.

If you followed the Installation guide your Cargo.toml should look like:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "1.1.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "1.1.0"

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = "1.1.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

To use odra-modules, edit your dependency and features sections.

Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
odra = "1.1.0"
odra-modules = "1.1.0"

Now, the only thing left is to add a module to your contract.

Let's write an example of MyToken based on Erc20 module.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule};
use odra_modules::erc20::Erc20;

#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, initial_supply: U256) {
        let name = String::from("MyToken");
        let symbol = String::from("MT");
        let decimals = 9u8;
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }
}
info

All available modules are placed in the main Odra repository.

Available modules​

Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions.

Tokens​

CEP-18​

Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 here.

CEP-78​

Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 here.

Erc20​

The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard.

Erc721​

The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses +the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions.

The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs.

The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules.

Erc1155​

The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework.

The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension.

The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules.

Wrapped native token​

The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, +it was inspired by the WETH.

Access​

AccessControl​

This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children +modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API.

Ownable​

This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner.

The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using the +transfer_ownership() function.

Ownable2Step​

An extension of the Ownable module.

Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions.

Security​

Pausable​

A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/getting-started/flipper/index.html b/docs/docs/next/getting-started/flipper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..426963817 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/getting-started/flipper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Flipper example | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Flipper example

To quickly start working with Odra, take a look at the following code sample. If you followed the +Installation tutorial, you should have this file already at src/flipper.rs.

For further explanation of how this code works, see Flipper Internals.

Let's flip​

flipper.rs
use odra::Var;

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings
/// or/and another modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct Flipper {
    /// The module itself does not store the value, 
    /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host.
    value: Var<bool>,
}

/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl Flipper {
    /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`.
    ///
    /// Initializes the contract with the value of value.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(false);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument.
    pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) {
        self.value.set(value);
    }

    /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value.
    pub fn flip(&mut self) {
        self.value.set(!self.get());
    }

    /// Retrieves value from the storage. 
    /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned.
    pub fn get(&self) -> bool {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn flipping() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef`
        // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module.
        let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract.get());
        contract.flip();
        assert!(contract.get());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_two_flippers() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
        assert!(!contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
        contract1.flip();
        assert!(contract1.get());
        assert!(!contract2.get());
    }
}

Testing​

To run the tests, execute the following command:

cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM

What's next​

In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra.

Last updated on
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+
Version: next

Installation

Hello fellow Odra user! This page will guide you through the installation process.

Prerequisites​

To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine:

  • Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)
  • wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt)

We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. +Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves.

With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target:

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
note

wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files.

Installing Cargo Odra​

Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. +It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed.

To install it, simply execute the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --locked

To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type:

cargo odra --help

If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step.

Creating a new Odra project​

To create a new project, simply execute:

cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project

This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra +will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract +by executing:

cargo odra test

This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM:

cargo odra test -b casper

Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during +the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord.

What's next?​

If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example.

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+
Version: next

Odra framework

Odra is a Rust-based smart contract framework for Casper Network. Odra encourages rapid development and clean, +pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract +development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel.

It's free and open source!

What's next​

See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html b/docs/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09d3926e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.8.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Migration guide to v0.8.0

Odra v0.8.0 introduces several breaking changes that require users to update their smart contracts and tests. This migration guide provides a detailed overview of the changes, along with step-by-step instructions for migrating existing code to the new version.

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using previous versions of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.8.0. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant changes in v0.8.0 include:

  • Odra is not a blockchain-agnostic framework anymore. It is now a Casper smart contract framework only.
  • Framework internals redesign.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Add bin directory​

Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory.

You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2. Update Cargo.toml​

There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file.

  • You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.
  • Register bins you added in the previous step.
  • Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.
  • Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process.

Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0:

[package]
name = "my_project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = "0.8.0"

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = "0.8.0"

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "my_project_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

2.2. Update Odra.toml​

Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required.

[[contracts]]
fqn = "my_project::Flipper"

2.3. Update Smart Contracts​

The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​

  • Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.
  • odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.
  • Variable is now Var.
  • Remove odra::contract_env.
  • Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.
  • Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.
  • Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;.

2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​

  • Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.
  • BlockTime - use u64.
  • EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes.

2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​

2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​

// Before
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>>
}
// After
#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   ...
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​

execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro.

use odra::OdraError;

#[derive(OdraError)]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.3.6. Update events definitions.​

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Event;

#[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

// Emitting the event
self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
   from: None,
   to: Some(*address),
   amount: *amount
});

2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​

self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes.

  • fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.
  • fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).
  • set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions.
  • fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].
  • fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.
  • fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).
  • fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.
  • functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed.

2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer])]
pub struct Erc721Token {
    core: SubModule<Erc721Base>,
    metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>
}

2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​

However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()).

#[odra::external_contract]
pub trait Token {
    fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256;
}

// Usage
TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account)

2.3.10. Update constructors.​

Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init.

2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​

The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter.

2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​

Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required.

2.4. Update Tests​

Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make:

2.4.1. Contract deployment.​

The way you deploy a contract has changed:

  1. You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.
  2. Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.
  3. If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
  4. If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.
// A contract without init args
use super::OwnableHostRef;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs)

// A contract with init args
use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv};

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let init_args = Erc20InitArgs {
    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
    name: NAME.to_string(),
    decimals: DECIMALS,
    initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
};
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

2.4.2. Host interactions.​

  1. Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().
  2. The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences:
    • test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).
    • test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).
    • functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef.

2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​

test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result. +try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro.

#[test]
fn transfer_from_error() {
   let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

   let (owner, spender, recipient) =
      (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
   let amount = 1_000.into();
   env.set_caller(spender);

   assert_eq!(
      erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount),
      Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
   );
}

2.4.4. Testing events.​

assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. +The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options.

let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

...

assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Approval {
         owner,
         spender,
         value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
   }
));
assert!(env.emitted_event(
   erc20.address(),
   &Transfer {
         from: Some(owner),
         to: Some(recipient),
         amount: transfer_amount
   }
));

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event};

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   use odra::OdraError;

   #[derive(OdraError)]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
   use super::{
      errors::Error,
      events::{Approval, Transfer},
      Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs
   };
   use odra::{
      casper_types::U256,
      host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef},
      prelude::*
   };

   const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
   const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
   const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
   const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

   fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
      let env = odra_test::env();
      (
         env.clone(),
         Erc20HostRef::deploy(
               &env,
               Erc20InitArgs {
                  symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                  name: NAME.to_string(),
                  decimals: DECIMALS,
                  initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into())
               }
         )
      )
   }

   #[test]
   fn initialization() {
      // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
      let (env, erc20) = setup();

      // Then the contract has the metadata set.
      assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
      assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

      // Then the total supply is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

      // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: None,
               to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
               amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_works() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
      let sender = env.get_account(0);
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = 1_000.into();
      erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

      // Then the sender balance is deducted.
      assert_eq!(
         erc20.balance_of(&sender),
         U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
      );

      // Then the recipient balance is updated.
      assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

      // Then Transfer event was emitted.
      assert!(env.emitted_event(
         erc20.address(),
         &Transfer {
               from: Some(sender),
               to: Some(recipient),
               amount
         }
      ));
   }

   #[test]
   fn transfer_error() {
      // Given a new contract.
      let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

      // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
      let recipient = env.get_account(1);
      let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

      // Then an error occurs.
      assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
   }

   // Other tests...
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html b/docs/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d385bd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Migration guide to v0.9.0 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Migration guide to v0.9.0

This guide is intended for developers who have built smart contracts using version 0.8.0 of Odra and need to update their code to be compatible with v0.9.0. For migration from version 0.7.1 and below, start with the previous guide. It assumes a basic understanding of smart contract development and the Odra framework. If you're new to Odra, we recommend to start your journey with the Getting Started.

The most significant change in 0.9.0 is the way of defining custom elements namely type, events and errors.

1. Prerequisites​

1.1. Update cargo-odra​

Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command:

cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked

1.2. Review the Changelog​

Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0.

2. Migration Steps​

2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​

Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project.

2.2 Update smart contract code​

The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes.

2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​

#[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute.

use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Dog {
    pub name: String,
    pub age: u8,
    pub owner: Option<Address>
}

2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​

#[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. +Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute.

#[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
    // fields
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
   InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
   InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
   NameNotSet = 30_002,
   SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
   DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
}

2.2.3. Update events definitions.​

#[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute.

use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
   pub from: Option<Address>,
   pub to: Option<Address>,
   pub amount: U256
}

3. Code Examples​

Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0.

src/erc20.rs
use crate::erc20::errors::Error;
use crate::erc20::events::*;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)]
pub struct Erc20 {
   decimals: Var<u8>,
   symbol: Var<String>,
   name: Var<String>,
   total_supply: Var<U256>,
   balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
   allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}

#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
   pub fn init(
      &mut self,
      symbol: String,
      name: String,
      decimals: u8,
      initial_supply: Option<U256>
   ) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.symbol.set(symbol);
      self.name.set(name);
      self.decimals.set(decimals);

      if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply {
         self.total_supply.set(initial_supply);
         self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply);

         if !initial_supply.is_zero() {
               self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
                  from: None,
                  to: Some(caller),
                  amount: initial_supply
               });
         }
      }
   }

   pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let caller = self.env().caller();
      self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let spender = self.env().caller();

      self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
      self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
   }

   pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let owner = self.env().caller();

      self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn name(&self) -> String {
      self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet)
   }

   // Other getter functions...

   pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
      self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
   }

   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      self.total_supply.add(*amount);
      self.balances.add(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: None,
         to: Some(*address),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if self.balance_of(address) < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance);
      }
      self.total_supply.subtract(*amount);
      self.balances.subtract(address, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*address),
         to: None,
         amount: *amount
      });
   }
}

impl Erc20 {
   fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
      }

      self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount);
      self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
         from: Some(*owner),
         to: Some(*recipient),
         amount: *amount
      });
   }

   fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
      let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender));
      if allowance < *amount {
         self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
      }
      self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount);

      self.env().emit_event(Approval {
         owner: *owner,
         spender: *spender,
         value: allowance - *amount
      });
   }
}

pub mod events {
   use odra::prelude::*;
   use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address};

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Transfer {
      pub from: Option<Address>,
      pub to: Option<Address>,
      pub amount: U256
   }

   #[odra::event]
   pub struct Approval {
      pub owner: Address,
      pub spender: Address,
      pub value: U256
   }
}

pub mod errors {
   #[odra::odra_error]
   pub enum Error {
      InsufficientBalance = 30_000,
      InsufficientAllowance = 30_001,
      NameNotSet = 30_002,
      SymbolNotSet = 30_003,
      DecimalsNotSet = 30_004
   }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    // nothing changed in the tests
}

4. Troubleshooting​

If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments.

5. References​

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca4bb89fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Project Structure​

access-control
├── src
│   ├── access
│   │   ├── access_control.rs
│   │   ├── events.rs
│   │   └── errors.rs
│   └── lib.rs
|── build.rs
|── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;
use super::access_control::Role;

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    MissingRole = 20_000,
    RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::events::*;
use super::errors::Error;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Mapping};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &self.env().caller() {
            self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        });
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }
}
  • L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fe9e89a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract

In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.

We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript.

Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:

Contract​

Let's write a contract with complex storage layout.

The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping.

We will expose two methods:

  1. The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.
  2. The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.
custom_item.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};

// A custom type with a vector of another custom type
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule
#[odra::module]
pub struct CustomItem {
    version: Var<u32>,
    meta: Var<Metadata>,
    data: SubModule<Data>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CustomItem {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {
        let meta = Metadata {
            name,
            description,
            prices: vec![
                Price { value: price_1 },
                Price { value: price_2 }
            ]
        };
        self.meta.set(meta);
        self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);
    }

    pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {
        self.data.value.set(value);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);
    }
}

// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule
#[odra::module]
struct Data {
    value: Var<u32>,
    inner: SubModule<InnerData>,
}

// A submodule with a mapping
#[odra::module]
struct InnerData {
    named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

Deploying the contract​

First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file.

cargo odra build -c custom_item

Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \ 
    --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \
    --payment-amount 100000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \
    --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \ 
    --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \
    --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'"

Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \ 
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \ 
    --payment-amount 2000000000 \
    --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \
    --session-entry-point "set_data" \
    --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \ 
    --session-arg "name2:string='bob'"

Storage Layout​

To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout.

The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. 

Storage Layout

CustomItem:                 prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  version: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0000_0001  1
  meta: Metadata,                   0x0..._0000_0000_0010  2
  data: Data:               prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011  3
    value: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0011_0001  (3 << 4) + 1
    inner: InnerData:       prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010  (3 << 4) + 2
      named_values: Mapping         0x0..._0011_0010_0001  ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1

The actual key is obtained as follows:

  1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.
  2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data.
  3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.
  4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).

In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article.

Reading the state​

main.rs
use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};
use casper_types::{
    bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},
    U256,
};

// replace with your contract hash
const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";
const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";
const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";
const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {
    let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        None,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .state_root_hash
    .unwrap();

    // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.
    let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        state_root_hash,
        DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {
            key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),
            dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),
            dictionary_item_key: key,
        },
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .stored_value;

    // We expect the value to be a CLValue
    if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {
        // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.
        cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()
    } else {
        vec![]
    }
}

async fn metadata() -> Metadata {
    // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(2, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the name and store the remaining bytes
    let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // Read the description and store the remaining bytes
    let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements
    // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes
    let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

    let mut prices = vec![];
    // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it
    for _ in 0..size {
        // Read the value and store the remaining bytes
        let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        bytes = rem;
        prices.push(Price { value });
    }
    // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes
    // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.
    // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.
    Metadata {
        name,
        description,
        prices
    }
}

async fn value() -> u32 {
    // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {
    // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes
    let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();
    let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

fn main() {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));
}

// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data
// The algorithm is as follows:
// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array
// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data
// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b
// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)
fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut key = Vec::new();
    key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());
    key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);
    let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);

    hex::encode(&hashed_key)
}

fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut result = [0u8; 32];
    let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)
        .expect("should create hasher");
    let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);
    blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)
        .expect("should copy hash to the result array");
    result
}

cargo run
[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {
    name: "My Contract",
    description: "My Description",
    prices: [
        Price {
            value: 123,
        },
        Price {
            value: 321,
        },
    ],
}
[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666
[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20
[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/cep18/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/cep18/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b84f965a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/cep18/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + + + + +CEP-18 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

CEP-18

Not so different from ERC-20, the CEP-18 standard describes a fungible +token interface, but for the Casper network. +There are some differences, which will be shown in this tutorial. +The most visible one however, is the compatibility with the Casper Ecosystem.

In our example, we will implement a CEP-18 token with a simple self-governance mechanism. +We will also deploy our token on the Casper network, and interact with it.

danger

This implementation of the governance in this tutorial is by no means +a complete one, and should not be used in production.

Self-governing token​

There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token, +each more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple +one, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens.

Token implementation​

Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using +cep18 as our starting template:

cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18

Let's glance at our token code:

src/token.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    token: SubModule<Cep18>,
}

impl MyToken {
    // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module.
    delegate! {
        to self.token {
            ...
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            ...

As we can see, it indeed uses the Cep18 module and delegates +all the methods to it.

The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more +appropriate OurToken, run the provided tests using cargo odra test, +and continue with the implementation of the governance.

note

Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as +the struct name in the Odra.toml file!

Governance implementation​

Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism. +If we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible +for minting new tokens. By default, minting Modality +is turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error.

We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote +to mint new tokens.

Voting mechanism​

Our voting system will be straightforward:

  1. Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint.
  2. Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens.
  3. If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed.

Storage​

We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's +add some fields to our token struct:

src/token.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct OurToken {
    /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard.
    token: SubModule<Cep18>,
    /// The proposed mint.
    proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,
    /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.
    votes: List<Ballot>,
    /// Whether a vote is open.
    is_vote_open: Var<bool>,
    /// The time when the vote ends.
    vote_end_time: Var<u64>,
}

/// A ballot cast by a voter.
#[odra::odra_type]
struct Ballot {
    voter: Address,
    choice: bool,
    amount: U256,
}

Notice that proposed_mint contains a tuple containing the address of +the proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if +the vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why +we need both is_vote_open and vote_end_time.

We will also use the power of the List +type to store the Ballots.

Proposing a new mint​

To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint, +we need to add a new function to our token module:

src/token.rs
/// Proposes a new mint for the contract.
pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {
    // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.
    if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);
    }

    // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.
    if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);
    }

    // Set the proposed mint.
    self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));
    // Open a vote.
    self.is_vote_open.set(true);
    // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.
    self.vote_end_time
        .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000);
}

As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of +the minted tokens, and the amount.

After some validation, we open the vote by setting the is_vote_open to true, +and setting the vote_end_time to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios, +the time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it. +Also, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy +when we test it on Livenet.

Voting for the mint​

Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot:

src/token.rs
/// Votes on the proposed mint.
pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {
    // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.
    self.assert_vote_in_progress();

    let voter = self.env().caller();
    let contract = self.env().self_address();

    // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.
    self.token
        .transfer(&contract, &amount);

    // Add the vote to the list.
    self.votes.push(Ballot {
        voter,
        choice,
        amount,
    });
}

The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking, +where we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it.

The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied.

Speaking of tallying...

Tallying the votes​

The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority +of voters agreed to do so:

src/token.rs
/// Count the votes and perform the action
pub fn tally(&mut self) {
    // Only allow tallying the votes once.
    if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default()
    {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
    }

    // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.
    let finish_time = self
        .vote_end_time
        .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
    if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);
    }

    // Count the votes
    let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();
    let mut no_votes = U256::zero();

    let contract = self.env().self_address();

    while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {
        if vote.choice {
            yes_votes += vote.amount;
        } else {
            no_votes += vote.amount;
        }

        // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.
        self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);
    }

    // Perform the action if the vote has passed.
    if yes_votes > no_votes {
        let (account, amount) = self
            .proposed_mint
            .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);
    }

    // Close the vote.
    self.is_vote_open.set(false);
}

Notice how we used raw_transfer from the Cep18 module. We used it +to set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of +the caller's.

Additonally, we used raw_mint to mint the tokens, skipping the security +checks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't +have anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself.

Testing​

Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can +run both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM.

src/token.rs
#[test]
fn it_works() {
    let env = odra_test::env();
    let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {
        name: "OurToken".to_string(),
        symbol: "OT".to_string(),
        decimals: 0,
        initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),
    };

    let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

    // The deployer, as the only token holder,
    // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.
    // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.
    token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
    token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));

    // The tokens should now be staked.
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());

    // Wait for the vote to end.
    env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

    // Finish the vote.
    token.tally();

    // The tokens should now be minted.
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));
    assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());

    // The stake should be returned.
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));

    // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...
    env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));
    token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
    token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));

    // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.
    env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));
    token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));

    env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

    token.tally();

    // The power of community governance!
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));
}

We can run the test using both methods:

cargo odra test
cargo odra test -b casper

It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action.

How about deploying it on the Casper network?

What's next​

We will se our token in action, by deploying it on the Casper network, +and using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it.

Complete code​

Here is the complete code of the OurToken module:

src/token.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var};
use odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18;

/// A ballot cast by a voter.
#[odra::odra_type]
struct Ballot {
    voter: Address,
    choice: bool,
    amount: U256,
}

/// Errors for the governed token.
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum GovernanceError {
    /// The vote is already in progress.
    VoteAlreadyOpen = 0,
    /// No vote is in progress.
    NoVoteInProgress = 1,
    /// Cannot tally votes yet.
    VoteNotYetEnded = 2,
    /// Vote ended
    VoteEnded = 3,
    /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint.
    OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4,
}

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct OurToken {
    /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard.
    token: SubModule<Cep18>,
    /// The proposed mint.
    proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,
    /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.
    votes: List<Ballot>,
    /// Whether a vote is open.
    is_vote_open: Var<bool>,
    /// The time when the vote ends.
    vote_end_time: Var<u64>,
}
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl OurToken {
    /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply.
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token!
        self.token
            .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None);
    }

    // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule.
    delegate! {
        to self.token {
            /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users.
            /// One user can only possess one access group badge.
            /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter
            /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an
            /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights.
            /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality.
            fn change_security(
                &mut self,
                admin_list: Vec<Address>,
                minter_list: Vec<Address>,
                none_list: Vec<Address>
            );

            /// Returns the name of the token.
            fn name(&self) -> String;

            /// Returns the symbol of the token.
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;

            /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses.
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;

            /// Returns the total supply of the token.
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;

            /// Returns the balance of the given address.
            fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256;

            /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend.
            fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256;

            /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller.
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.
            fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256);

            /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.
            fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256);

            /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient.
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender's allowance.
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address.
            fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address.
            fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);
        }
    }

    /// Proposes a new mint for the contract.
    pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {
        // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.
        if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);
        }

        // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.
        if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {
            self.env()
                .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);
        }

        // Set the proposed mint.
        self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));
        // Open a vote.
        self.is_vote_open.set(true);
        // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.
        self.vote_end_time
            .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000);
    }

    /// Votes on the proposed mint.
    pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {
        // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.
        self.assert_vote_in_progress();

        let voter = self.env().caller();
        let contract = self.env().self_address();

        // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.
        self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount);

        // Add the vote to the list.
        self.votes.push(Ballot {
            voter,
            choice,
            amount,
        });
    }

    /// Count the votes and perform the action
    pub fn tally(&mut self) {
        // Only allow tallying the votes once.
        if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        }

        // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.
        let finish_time = self
            .vote_end_time
            .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);
        }

        // Count the votes
        let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();
        let mut no_votes = U256::zero();

        let contract = self.env().self_address();

        while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {
            if vote.choice {
                yes_votes += vote.amount;
            } else {
                no_votes += vote.amount;
            }

            // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.
            self.token
                .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);
        }

        // Perform the action if the vote has passed.
        if yes_votes > no_votes {
            let (account, amount) = self
                .proposed_mint
                .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
            self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);
        }

        // Close the vote.
        self.is_vote_open.set(false);
    }

    fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) {
        if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        }

        let finish_time = self
            .vote_end_time
            .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);

        if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn it_works() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {
            name: "OurToken".to_string(),
            symbol: "OT".to_string(),
            decimals: 0,
            initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),
        };

        let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

        // The deployer, as the only token holder,
        // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.
        // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.
        token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
        token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));

        // The tokens should now be staked.
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());

        // Wait for the vote to end.
        env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

        // Finish the vote.
        token.tally();

        // The tokens should now be minted.
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));
        assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());

        // The stake should be returned.
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));

        // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...
        env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));
        token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
        token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));

        // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.
        env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));
        token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));

        env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

        token.tally();

        // The power of community governance!
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b6c31bd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + + + + + +Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet

In this tutorial, we will take the token we created in +the previous one and deploy it on the Livenet Casper network, +using the Odra Livenet backend.

We will also take a look at the tools that Casper Ecosystem +provides to interact with our newly deployed token.

info

Most of this tutorial will work with any Casper contract.

Casper Wallet​

We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial. +To install it, please follow the instructions on the +official website.

After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account +you want to use for our testing. +You can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys.

danger

You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys. +We recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes.

Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy +our contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend.

Getting tokens​

To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR. +The easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send +us 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet.

To use the faucet, go to the Casper Testnet Faucet. +Log in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button.

note

One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can +either ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account +in the wallet.

Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra!

Odra Livenet​

Odra Livenet is described in detail in the +backends section of this documentation. +We will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial.

In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder:

bin/our_token_livenet.rs
//! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial
//! creator.
use std::str::FromStr;

use odra::casper_types::U256;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader};
use odra::Address;
use ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs};

fn main() {
    // Load the Casper livenet environment.
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Just some random address...
    let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Deploy new contract.
    let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env);
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Propose minting new tokens.
    env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);
    token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000));

    // Vote, we are the only voter.
    env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);
    token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000));

    // Let's advance the block time by 11 minutes, as
    // we set the voting time to 10 minutes.
    // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time...
    // Hopefully you are not in a hurry.
    env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000);

    // Tally the votes.
    env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64);
    token.tally();

    // Check the balances.
    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner));
    println!(
        "Tutorial creator's balance: {:?}",
        token.balance_of(&recipient)
    );
}

/// Deploys a contract.
pub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {
    let name = String::from("OurToken");
    let symbol = String::from("OT");
    let decimals = 0;
    let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000);

    let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply,
    };

    env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64);
    OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args)
}

/// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later...
fn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {
    let address = "hash-XXXXX";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address)
}

In your Cargo.toml file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and +register the new binary. In the end, it should look like this:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "ourcoin"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }
odra-modules = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }
odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true }

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false }

[features]
default = []
livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]

[[bin]]
name = "ourcoin_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "ourcoin_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "our_token_livenet"
path = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

Finally, add the .env file with the following content:

.env
# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777

# Chain name of the network.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test

Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path +with the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet.

note

One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using +will be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will +have to find and use another node IP address.

Now, we will run our code:

cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet

If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this:

     Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet`
💁  INFO : Deploying "OurToken".
💁  INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".
💁  INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed.

Token address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857

💁  INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".
💁  INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".
💁  INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".
💁  INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed.

Owner's balance: 1000
Tutorial creator's balance: 1000

Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network! +Before we move on, note the address of the token!

We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it is +hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857.

Cspr.live​

The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer, +cspr.live. We can put the address of our token in the search bar +to find it.

note

If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet +network is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner.

If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details. +Besides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it +was developed using a standard that cspr.live supports.

Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token! +We see the name, symbol and total supply. +All the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead +of the contract address.

contract.png

Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened +with the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section +and transfers done during the voting process.

transactions.png

If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the +account page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account +has - and OurToken is one of them!

If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development +of this tutorial here.

Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet​

Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting +the private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts +deployed on the network.

If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see +them in the Casper Wallet window.

You should also be able to transfer them to another account!

wallet.png

Conclusion​

We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it +using the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the +cspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract.

Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem +provides. Feel free to explore them on casperecosystem.io.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13419a64a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • Advanced storage using key-value pairs,
  • Odra types such as Address,
  • Advanced event assertion.

Code​

Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example.

It is designed to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Balances of individual users.
  4. Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.

Module definition​

erc20.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Var<u8>,
    symbol: Var<String>,
    name: Var<String>,
    total_supply: Var<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}
  • L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.
  • L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.

Metadata​

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(*amount);
        
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: U256
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.
  • L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for:
use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;

let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
self.balances.set(address, new_balance);

Core​

To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let spender = self.env().caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner = self.env().caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InsufficientAllowance = 2,
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};

    const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        (
            env.clone(),
            Erc20HostRef::deploy(
                &env,
                Erc20InitArgs {
                    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                    name: NAME.to_string(),
                    decimals: DECIMALS,
                    initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
                }
            )
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
        let (env, erc20) = setup();

        // Then the contract has the metadata set.
        assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

        // Then the total supply is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

        // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            &erc20,
            &Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
        let sender = env.get_account(0);
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        // Then the sender balance is deducted.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );

        // Then the recipient balance is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

        // Then Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            &erc20,
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

        // Then an error occurs.
        assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        let (owner, recipient, spender) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            &erc20,
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        ));

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        env.set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            &erc20,
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            &erc20,
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        // Given a new instance.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the spender's allowance is zero.
        let (owner, spender, recipient) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        env.set_caller(spender);

        // Then transfer fails.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),
            Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/nft/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/nft/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9970febf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/nft/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ticketing System | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Ticketing System

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent ownership of unique items or pieces of content. They are commonly used for digital art, collectibles, in-game items, and other unique assets. In this tutorial, we will create a simple ticketing system based on NFT tokens.

Our contract will adhere to the CEP-78 standard, which is the standard for NFTs on the Casper blockchain.

Learn more about the CEP-78 standard here.

Ticket Office Contract​

Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features:

  • Compliance with the CEP-78 standard.
  • Ownership functionality.
  • Only the owner can issue new event tickets.
  • Users can purchase tickets for events.
  • Tickets are limited to a one-time sale.
  • Public access to view the total income of the TicketOffice.

Setup the project​

Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the cargo odra new command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template:

cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78

Contract implementation​

Let's start implementing the TicketOffice contract by modify the code generated from the template.

src/token.rs
use odra::{
    args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert
};
use odra_modules::access::Ownable;
use odra_modules::cep78::{
    modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode},
    token::Cep78,
};

pub type TicketId = u64;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub enum TicketStatus {
    Available,
    Sold,
}

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct TicketInfo {
    event_name: String,
    price: U512,
    status: TicketStatus,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OnTicketIssue {
    ticket_id: TicketId,
    event_name: String,
    price: U512,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OnTicketSell {
    ticket_id: TicketId,
    buyer: Address,
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200,
    InsufficientFunds = 201,
    InvalidTicketId = 202,
    TicketDoesNotExist = 203,
}

#[odra::module(
    events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell],
    errors = Error
)]
pub struct TicketOffice {
    token: SubModule<Cep78>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TicketOffice {
    pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) {
        self.ownable.init();
        let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name);
        self.token.init(
            collection_name,
            collection_symbol,
            total_supply,
            OwnershipMode::Transferable,
            NFTKind::Digital,
            NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal,
            NFTMetadataKind::Raw,
            MetadataMutability::Immutable,
            receipt_name,
            // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None
            ...
        );
    }

    pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {
        let env = self.env();
        let caller = env.caller();
        self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);
        // mint a new token
        let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None);
        let ticket_id: u64 = token_id
            .parse()
            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId)
            .unwrap_or_revert(&env);
        // store ticket info
        self.tickets.set(
            &ticket_id,
            TicketInfo {
                event_name: event_name.clone(),
                price,
                status: TicketStatus::Available,
            },
        );
        // emit an event
        env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue {
            ticket_id,
            event_name,
            price,
        });
    }

    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {
        let env = self.env();
        let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();
        let buyer = env.caller();
        let value = env.attached_value();
        // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold
        if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner {
            env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);
        }
        let mut ticket = self
            .tickets
            .get(&ticket_id)
            .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist);
        // only available tickets can be sold
        if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available {
            env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);
        }
        // check if the buyer sends enough funds
        if value < ticket.price {
            env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds);
        }
        // transfer csprs to the owner
        env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);
        // transfer the ticket to the buyer
        self.token
            .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer);
        ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold;
        self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket);

        env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {
        self.env().self_balance()
    }
}
  • L10-L44 - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. TicketStatus enum represents the status of a ticket, TicketInfo struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, TicketId is a type alias for u64. OnTicketIssue and OnTicketSell are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold.
  • L46-L49 - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema.
  • L51-L53 - TicketOffice module definition. The module contains a Cep78 token, an Ownable module, and a Mapping that stores information about tickets.
  • L58-L74 - The init function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the Ownable module initialization.
  • L76-L94 - The issue_ticket function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an OnTicketIssue event.
  • L103 - The payable attribute indicates that the buy_ticket function can receive funds.
  • L104-L134 - The buy_ticket function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an OnTicketSell event.

Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows:

  1. Deploy the contract.
  2. Issue two tickets.
  3. Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds.
  4. Buy tickets.
  5. Try to buy the same ticket again.
  6. Check the balance of the contract.
src/tests.rs
use odra::{
    casper_types::U512,
    host::{Deployer, HostRef},
};

use crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs};

#[test]
fn it_works() {
    let env = odra_test::env();
    let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {
        collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),
        collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),
        total_supply: 100,
    };  
    let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);
    contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));
    contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));

    let buyer = env.get_account(1);
    env.set_caller(buyer);

    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(50))
            .try_buy_ticket(0),
        Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())
    );

    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(100))
            .try_buy_ticket(0),
        Ok(())
    );
    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(50))
            .try_buy_ticket(1),
        Ok(())
    );

    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(100))
            .try_buy_ticket(0),
        Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())
    );
}

Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of.

odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs
pub fn transfer(
    &mut self,
    token_id: Maybe<u64>,
    token_hash: Maybe<String>,
    source_key: Address,
    target_key: Address
) -> TransferReceipt {
    ...

    if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator {
        self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner);
    }

    ...
}

Let's fix it by redesigning our little system.

Redesign​

Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary — an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets.

The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow:

Ticket Operator Contract​

As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the cargo odra generate command.

cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator
src/ticket_operator.rs
use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef};
use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    UnknownTicketOffice = 300,
}

#[odra::module(errors = Error)]
pub struct TicketOperator {
    ticket_office_address: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TicketOperator {
    pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) {
        self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address);
    }

    // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds.
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {
        let env = self.env();
        let buyer = env.caller();
        let value = env.attached_value();
        let center = self
            .ticket_office_address
            .get()
            .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice);
        let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center);
        // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer
        ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value);
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {
        self.env().self_balance()
    }
}
  • L4-L7 - Define errors that will be used in the contract.
  • L9-L13 - Define the TicketOperator module that stores the address of the ticketing office.
  • L16-L18 - The register function sets the address of the ticketing office.
  • L20-L32 - The buy_ticket function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a TicketOfficeContractRef to interact we the TicketOffice contract. Note that, the operator's buy_ticket now receives funds.

Now we need to adjust the TicketOffice contract to use the TicketOperator contract to buy tickets.

src/token.rs
use odra::Var;

... 

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    ...
    MissingOperator = 204,
    Unauthorized = 205,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct TicketOffice {
    ...
    operator: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TicketOffice {
    ... 

    pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) {
        // only the owner can register an operator
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);
        // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract
        TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address());
        self.operator.set(operator);
    }

    pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {
        // minting logic remains the same...
        ...

        // approve the operator to transfer the ticket
        let operator = self.operator();
        self.token
            .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None);

        // emit an event
        ...
    }

    pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) {
        let env = self.env();
        let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();
        let caller = env.caller();
        // make sure the caller is the operator
        if !self.is_operator(caller) {
            env.revert(Error::Unauthorized);
        }

        ...
        // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer
        // it is now handled by the operator contract.
        // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool {
        Some(caller) == self.operator.get()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn operator(&self) -> Address {
        self.operator
            .get()
            .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator)
    }
}
  • L15 - the contract stores the operator address.
  • L22-L29 - a new function register_operator allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the register entry point on the operator contract.
  • L36-38 - modify the issue_ticket function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later.
  • L44-L57 - modify the buy_ticket function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds.
  • We also added two helper functions: is_operator and operator to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: MissingOperator and Unauthorized.

Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram.

src/tests.rs
use odra::{
    casper_types::U512,
    host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs},
    OdraResult,
};

use crate::{
    ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef,
    token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs},
};

#[test]
fn it_works() {
    let env = odra_test::env();
    let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {
        collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),
        collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),
        total_supply: 100,
    };
    let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
    let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args);
    ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone());
    ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));
    ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));

    let buyer = env.get_account(1);
    env.set_caller(buyer);

    assert_eq!(
        buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50),
        Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(()));
    assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(()));
    assert_eq!(
        buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100),
        Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())
    );

    assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150));
}

fn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> {
    operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id)
}

Conclusion​

In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a17f13204 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Odra for Solidity developers | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Odra for Solidity developers

Introduction​

Hi, stranger Solidity developer! If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers.

Prerequisites​

To follow this guide, you should have:

  • Knowledge of Solidity.
  • Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts.
  • Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it.

Hello World​

Let's start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message.

use odra::{prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HelloWorld {
    greet: Var<String>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HelloWorld {
    pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) {
        self.greet.set(message);
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> String {
        self.greet.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the odra::module attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the HelloWorld struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: init to set the greeting message and get to retrieve it. +Two key differences are:

  1. Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly.
  2. To initialize values, you must do it in the init function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor.

Variable Storage and State Management​

Data Types​

use core::str::FromStr;
use odra::{
    casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256},
    module::Module,
    prelude::*,
    Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Primitives {
    boo: Var<bool>,
    u: Var<u8>,    // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type
    u2: Var<U256>, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type
    i: Var<i32>,   // i32 is the smallest signed integer type
    i2: Var<i64>,  // i64 is the biggest signed integer type
    address: Var<Address>,
    bytes: Var<Bytes>,
    default_boo: Var<bool>,
    default_uint: Var<U256>,
    default_int: Var<i64>,
    default_addr: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Primitives {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.boo.set(true);
        self.u.set(1);
        self.u2.set(U256::from(456));
        self.i.set(-1);
        self.i2.set(456);
        self.address.set(
            Address::from_str(
                "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb",
            )
            .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()),
        );
        self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5]));

        let _min_int = U256::zero();
        let _max_int = U256::MAX;
    }

    // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method
    pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool {
        self.default_boo.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 {
        self.default_uint.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 {
        self.default_int.get_or_default()
    }

    // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value
    pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address {
        self.default_addr.get_or_default()
    }
}

The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: u8, u16, u32, u64, U128, and U256 for unsigned integers, and i32 and i64 for signed integers.

The Address type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the Address type; the workaround is to use Option<Address>.

The Bytes type is used to store byte arrays.

Values are stored in units called Named Keys and Dictionaries. Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point.

Constants and Immutability​

use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Constants;

#[odra::module]
impl Constants {
    pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]);
    pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account(
        AccountHash([0u8; 32])
    );
}

In Odra, you can define constants using the const keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the immutable keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's immutable keyword.

Variables​

use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Variables {
    text: Var<String>,
    my_uint: Var<U256>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Variables {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.text.set("Hello".to_string());
        self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123));
    }

    pub fn do_something(&self) {
        // Local variables
        let i = 456;
        // Env variables
        let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time();
        let sender = self.env().caller();
    }
}

In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ContractEnv retrieved using the env() function.

Arrays and Mappings​

use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping};

#[odra::module]
pub struct MappingContract {
    my_map: Mapping<Address, Option<U256>>   
}

#[odra::module]
impl MappingContract {
    pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 {
        // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option<Option<U256>>
        // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option
        self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {
        self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i));
    }

    pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) {
        self.my_map.set(&addr, None);
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option<bool>>   
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {
    pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool {
        self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) {
        self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo));
    }

    pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {
        self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None);
    }
}
use odra::{prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Array {
    // the size of the array must be known at compile time
    arr: Var<[u8; 10]>,
    vec: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Array {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
        self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    }

    pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] {
        self.arr.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) {
        let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();
        vec.push(value);
        self.vec.set(vec);
    }

    pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) {
        let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();
        vec.pop();
        self.vec.set(vec);
    }

    pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) {
        let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();
        arr[index as usize] = value;
        self.arr.set(arr);
    }
}

For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the Var container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a Mapping or List instead of an array or vector to store data.

Custom types​

use odra::{prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::odra_type]
#[derive(Default)]
pub enum Status {
    #[default]
    Pending,
    Shipped,
    Accepted,
    Rejected,
    Canceled,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct Enum {
    status: Var<Status>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Enum {
    pub fn get(&self) -> Status {
        self.status.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) {
        self.status.set(status);
    }

    pub fn cancel(&mut self) {
        self.status.set(Status::Canceled);
    }

    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.status.set(Default::default());
    }
}

In Odra, custom types are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the #[default] attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the Default::default() function.

use odra::{prelude::*, List};

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Todo {
    text: String,
    completed: bool,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct Enum {
    // You could also use Var<Vec<Todo>> instead of List<Todo>,
    // but List is more efficient for large arrays,
    // it loads items lazily.
    todos: List<Todo>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Enum {
    pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) {
        self.todos.push(Todo {
            text,
            completed: false,
        });
    }

    pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) {
        if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {
            todo.text = text;
            self.todos.replace(index, todo);
        }
    }

    pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) {
        if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {
            todo.completed = !todo.completed;
            self.todos.replace(index, todo);
        }
    }

    // Odra does not create getters by default
    pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<Todo> {
        self.todos.get(index)
    }
}

Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the List type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily.

Data Location​

In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be memory, storage, or calldata. In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., Var, Mapping, List), the data is stored in the contract's storage.

Functions​

Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function:

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount);
        // Transfer logic goes here
    }

    fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        // Internal transfer logic goes here
    }
}

Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ContractEnv function.

View and Pure​

use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ViewAndPure {
    x: Var<u32>   
}

#[odra::module]
impl ViewAndPure {
    pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 {
        self.x.get_or_default() + y
    }
}

pub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 {
    i + j
}

In Odra, you don't need to specify view or pure functions explicitly. All functions are considered view functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be &mut self. If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects.

Modifiers​

use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
pub struct FunctionModifier {
    x: Var<u32>,
    locked: Var<bool>,  
}

#[odra::module]
impl FunctionModifier {
    pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 {
        self.lock();
        self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i);

        if i > 1 {
            self.decrement(i - 1);
        }
        self.unlock();
    }

    #[inline]
    fn lock(&mut self) {
        if self.locked.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert("No reentrancy");
        }

        self.locked.set(true);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn unlock(&mut self) {
        self.locked.set(false);
    }
}

In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the lock and unlock functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly.

As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the #[inline] attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances.

Visibility​

Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts.

Functions can be declared as:

`pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call.
`pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call.
`default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function.

Payable​

use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Payable {
    owner: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Payable {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller());
    }

    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&self) {
    }

    pub fn not_payable(&self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&self) {
        let amount = self.env().self_balance();
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount);
    }
}

In Odra, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether.

Selectors​

In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector.

contract_addr.call(
    abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234)
)

Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function.

Events and Logging​

use odra::{prelude::*, Address};

#[odra::event]
pub struct Log {
    sender: Address,
    message: String,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct AnotherLog {}

#[odra::module]
struct Event;

#[odra::module]
impl Event {
    pub fn test(&self) {
        let env = self.env();
        env.emit_event(Log {
            sender: env.caller(),
            message: "Hello World!".to_string(),
        });
        env.emit_event(Log {
            sender: env.caller(),
            message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(),
        });
        env.emit_event(AnotherLog {});
    }
}

In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the #[odra::event] attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's emit_event() function, passing the event struct as an argument.

note

Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the Basics section.

Error Handling​

use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}};

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum CustomError {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InputLowerThanTen = 2,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct Error;

#[odra::module]
impl Error {
    pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) {
        if i <= 10.into() {
            self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen);
        }
    }

    pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) {
        let balance = self.env().self_balance();
        if balance < withdraw_amount {
            self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance);
        }
    }
}

In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: require, revert, assert, and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the env().revert() function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error.

Composition vs. Inheritance​

In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another.

Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra.

use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule};

#[odra::module]
pub struct A;

#[odra::module]
impl A {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
        "A".to_string()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct B {
    a: SubModule<A>
}

#[odra::module]
impl B {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
        "B".to_string()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct C {
    a: SubModule<A>
}

#[odra::module]
impl C {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
        "C".to_string()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct D {
    b: SubModule<B>,
    c: SubModule<C>
}

#[odra::module]
impl D {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
       self.c.foo()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct E {
    b: SubModule<B>,
    c: SubModule<C>
}

#[odra::module]
impl E {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
       self.b.foo()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct F {
    a: SubModule<A>,
    b: SubModule<B>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl F {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
       self.a.foo()
    }
}

Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers.

In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts.

Libraries and Utility​

use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

mod math {
    use odra::casper_types::U256;

    pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 {
        let mut z = y;
        if y > 3.into() {
            let mut x = y / 2 + 1;
            while x < z {
                z = x;
                x = (y / x + x) / 2;
            }
        } else if y != U256::zero() {
            z = U256::one();
        }
        z
    }
}

#[odra::module]
struct TestMath;

#[odra::module]
impl TestMath {
    pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 {
        math::sqrt(x)
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
enum Error {
    EmptyArray = 100,
}

trait Removable {
    fn remove(&mut self, index: usize);
}

impl Removable for Var<Vec<U256>> {
    fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) {
        let env = self.env();
        let mut vec = self.get_or_default();
        if vec.is_empty() {
            env.revert(Error::EmptyArray);
        }
        vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env);
        self.set(vec);
    }
}

#[odra::module]
struct TestArray {
    arr: Var<Vec<U256>>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TestArray {
    pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) {
        let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();
        for i in 0..3 {
            arr.push(i.into());
        }
        self.arr.set(arr);

        self.arr.remove(1);

        let arr = self.arr.get_or_default();
        assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into());
        assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into());
    }
}

In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the Math library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the TestMath contract calls the sqrt function directly, while the TestArray contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type uint256[] by adding the remove function.

In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the Removable trait for the Var<Vec<U256>> type allows the remove function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of U256 values.

Fallback and Receive Functions​

In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a receive() and/or fallback() function. The receive() function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the fallback() function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called.

Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the receive() and fallback() functions. Instead, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs.

Miscellaneous​

Hashing​

use odra::{
    casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256},
    prelude::*,
    Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HashFunction;

#[odra::module]
impl HashFunction {
    pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] {
        let env = self.env();
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        env.hash(data)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct GuessTheMagicWord {
    answer: Var<[u8; 32]>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl GuessTheMagicWord {
    /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.answer.set([
            0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84,
            0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55,
            0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08,
        ]);
    }

    /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word.
    pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool {
        let env = self.env();
        let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        hash == self.answer.get_or_default()
    }
}

The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the keccak256 function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the env.hash() function is used, which implements the blake2b algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash.

Try-catch​

use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Example {
    other_contract: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Example {
    pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) {
        self.other_contract.set(other_contract);
    }

    pub fn execute_external_call(&self) {
        if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() {
            let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function();
            match result {
                Ok(success) => {
                    // Code to execute if the external call was successful
                }
                Err(reason) => {
                    // Code to execute if the external call failed
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct OtherContract;

#[odra::module]
impl OtherContract {
    pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result<bool, ()> {
        Ok(true)
    }
}

In Solidity, try/catch is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The try/catch statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation.

In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the try/catch statement in Solidity. However, you can use the Result type to handle errors in a similar way. The Result type is an enum that represents either success (Ok) or failure (Err). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts.

Conclusion​

Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development.

Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework.

Read more about the Odra Framework in the Basics and Advanced sections.

Learn by example with our Tutorial series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the Erc20 standard implementation.

If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our Discord!

Last updated on
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+
Version: next

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining a constructor,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

ownable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Var<Option<Address>>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on.

  • L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.
  • L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var.

Init the module​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(Some(owner));
        
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        });
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.
  • L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument.
  • L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.
  • L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.
  • L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        });
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get_or_default() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    NotOwner = 1,
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,
    OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along.

  • L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead.

Test​

ownable.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};

    fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {
        let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {
            owner: env.get_account(0)
        };
        (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        env.emitted_event(
            &ownable,
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        
        env.set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);

        env.emitted_event(
            &ownable,
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        assert_eq!(
            ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), 
            Err(Error::NotOwner.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.
  • L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.
  • L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.
  • L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.
  • L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ea2cac39 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.
  3. Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::module::SubModule;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
...
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};
...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.
  • L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.
  • L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.
  • L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31835d509 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

pauseable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    PausedRequired = 1_000,
    UnpausedRequired = 1_001,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

pauseable.rs
use odra::Var;
...

#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Var<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        self.env().emit_event(Paused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

pauseable.rs
...
use odra::SubModule;
...

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Var<u32>,
    pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        contract.increment();
        contract.pause();

        assert_eq!(
            contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),
            Error::UnpausedRequired.into()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c092c5fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Using Proxy Caller | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: next

Using Proxy Caller

In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the proxy_caller wasm to call an Odra payable function. The proxy_caller is a session code that top-ups the cargo_purse passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some CSPRs to the call.

Read more about the proxy_caller here.

Contract​

For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples.

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])]
pub struct TimeLockWallet {
    balances: Mapping<Address, U512>,
    lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>,
    lock_duration: Var<u64>
}

#[odra::module]
impl TimeLockWallet {
    /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration.
    pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) {
        self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration);
    }

    /// Deposits the tokens into the contract.
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
        // Extract values
        let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
        let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value();
        let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

        // Multiple lock check
        if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
        }

        // Update state, emit event
        self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
        self.lock_expiration_map
            .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
        self.env().emit_event(Deposit {
            address: caller,
            amount
        });
    }

    /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract.
    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }

    /// Returns the balance of the given account.
    pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }

    /// Returns the lock duration.
    pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }
}

/// Errors that may occur during the contract execution.
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    LockIsNotOver = 1,
    CannotLockTwice = 2,
    InsufficientBalance = 3
}

/// Deposit event.
#[odra::event]
pub struct Deposit {
    pub address: Address,
    pub amount: U512
}

/// Withdrawal event.
#[odra::event]
pub struct Withdrawal {
    pub address: Address,
    pub amount: U512
}

Full code can be found here.

Client​

Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key.

# Build the contract
cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet
# Extract secret key
docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem

To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case).

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "odra-examples"
version = "1.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false }
... # other dependencies
odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true }

... # other sections

[features]
default = []
livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]

... # other sections

[[bin]]
name = "tlw_on_livenet"
path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

... # other sections
examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs
//! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs.
use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef};
use odra::Address;
use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs};

const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100;
const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99;
const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9);

fn main() {
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();
    let caller = env.get_account(0);

    env.set_caller(caller);
    env.set_gas(GAS);

    let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy(
        &env, 
        TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 }
    );
    // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract.
    contract
        .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT))
        .deposit();
    
    println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));
    // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract.
    contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL));
    println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));
}

To run the code, execute the following command:

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \  
cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet
# Sample output
💁  INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet".
💁  INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558".
💁  INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed.
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy.
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3".
💁  INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed.
Caller's balance: 100
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e".
💁  INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed.
Remaining balance: 1

As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. +The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity.

Conclusion​

In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/access-control/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/access-control/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..797a15c35 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/access-control/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Access Control | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Access Control

In a previous tutorial, we introduced the Ownable module, which serves the purpose of securing access to specific contract features. While it establishes a fundamental security layer, there are numerous scenarios where this level of security is insufficient,

In this article we design and implement a more fine-grained access control layer.

Code​

Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer.

  1. A Role type is used across the module.
  2. A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.
  3. Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.
  4. Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.
  5. A Role can be renounced.
  6. A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.
  7. Each action triggers an event.
  8. Unauthorized access stops contract execution.

Project Structure​

access-control
├── src
│   ├── access
│   │   ├── access_control.rs
│   │   ├── events.rs
│   │   └── errors.rs
│   └── lib.rs
|── build.rs
|── Cargo.toml
└── Odra.toml

Events and Errors​

There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions.

events.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;
use super::access_control::Role;

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleGranted {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleRevoked {
    pub role: Role,
    pub address: Address,
    pub sender: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct RoleAdminChanged {
    pub role: Role,
    pub previous_admin_role: Role,
    pub new_admin_role: Role
}
  • L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.
  • L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role.
errors.rs
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    MissingRole = 20_000,
    RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001,
}

Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states:

  1. An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.
  2. The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf.

Module​

Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation.

access_control.rs
use super::events::*;
use super::errors::Error;
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Mapping};

pub type Role = [u8; 32];

pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32];

#[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])]
pub struct AccessControl {
    roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>,
    role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role>
}

#[odra::module]
impl AccessControl {
    pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool {
        self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address))
    }

    pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role {
        let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role);
        if let Some(admin) = admin_role {
            admin
        } else {
            DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE
        }
    }

    pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller());
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }

    pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if address != &self.env().caller() {
            self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress);
        }
        self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address);
    }
}

impl AccessControl {
    pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole);
        }
    }

    pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) {
        let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role);
        self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role);
        self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged {
            role: *role,
            previous_admin_role,
            new_admin_role: *admin_role
        });
    }

    pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if !self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) {
        if self.has_role(role, address) {
            self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false);
            self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked {
                role: *role,
                address: *address,
                sender: self.env().caller()
            });
        }
    }
}
  • L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.
  • L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.
  • L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings:
  1. roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.
  2. role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role.
  • L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.
  • L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.
  • L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.
  • L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.
  • L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).
  • L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.
  • L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access.
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d189f3dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract

In this guide, we will show the full path from creating a contract, deploying it and reading the state.

We will use a contract with a complex storage layout and show how to deploy it and then read the state of the contract in Rust and TypeScript.

Before you start, make sure you completed the following steps:

Contract​

Let's write a contract with complex storage layout.

The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping.

We will expose two methods:

  1. The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.
  2. The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping.
custom_item.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var};

// A custom type with a vector of another custom type
#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

// The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule
#[odra::module]
pub struct CustomItem {
    version: Var<u32>,
    meta: Var<Metadata>,
    data: SubModule<Data>
}

#[odra::module]
impl CustomItem {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) {
        let meta = Metadata {
            name,
            description,
            prices: vec![
                Price { value: price_1 },
                Price { value: price_2 }
            ]
        };
        self.meta.set(meta);
        self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1);
    }

    pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) {
        self.data.value.set(value);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10);
        self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20);
    }
}

// A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule
#[odra::module]
struct Data {
    value: Var<u32>,
    inner: SubModule<InnerData>,
}

// A submodule with a mapping
#[odra::module]
struct InnerData {
    named_values: Mapping<String, u32>,
}

Deploying the contract​

First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file.

cargo odra build -c custom_item

Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \ 
    --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \
    --payment-amount 100000000000 \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \
    --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \ 
    --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \
    --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'"

Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract.

casper-client put-deploy \
    --node-address http://localhost:11101 \ 
    --chain-name casper-net-1 \
    --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \ 
    --payment-amount 2000000000 \
    --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \
    --session-entry-point "set_data" \
    --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \
    --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \ 
    --session-arg "name2:string='bob'"

Storage Layout​

To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout.

The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. 

Storage Layout

CustomItem:                 prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000  0
  version: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0000_0001  1
  meta: Metadata,                   0x0..._0000_0000_0010  2
  data: Data:               prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011  3
    value: u32,                     0x0..._0000_0011_0001  (3 << 4) + 1
    inner: InnerData:       prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010  (3 << 4) + 2
      named_values: Mapping         0x0..._0011_0010_0001  ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1

The actual key is obtained as follows:

  1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.
  2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data.
  3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.
  4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded).

In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article.

Reading the state​

main.rs
use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity};
use casper_types::{
    bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes},
    U256,
};

// replace with your contract hash
const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-...";
const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc";
const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1";
const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state";

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Metadata {
    name: String,
    description: String,
    prices: Vec<Price>,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Price {
    value: U256,
}

async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> {
    let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        None,
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .state_root_hash
    .unwrap();

    // Read the value from the `state` dictionary.
    let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item(
        RPC_ID.to_string().into(),
        NODE_ADDRESS,
        Verbosity::Low,
        state_root_hash,
        DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey {
            key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(),
            dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(),
            dictionary_item_key: key,
        },
    )
    .await
    .unwrap()
    .result
    .stored_value;

    // We expect the value to be a CLValue
    if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result {
        // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType.
        cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec()
    } else {
        vec![]
    }
}

async fn metadata() -> Metadata {
    // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key(2, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the name and store the remaining bytes
    let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // Read the description and store the remaining bytes
    let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
    // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements
    // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes
    let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

    let mut prices = vec![];
    // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it
    for _ in 0..size {
        // Read the value and store the remaining bytes
        let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();
        bytes = rem;
        prices.push(Price { value });
    }
    // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes
    // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic.
    // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here.
    Metadata {
        name,
        description,
        prices
    }
}

async fn value() -> u32 {
    // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data
    let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 {
    // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes
    let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap();
    let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data);
    let bytes = read_state_key(key).await;

    // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity
    u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0
}

fn main() {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(value()));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")));
    dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")));
}

// The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data
// The algorithm is as follows:
// 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array
// 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data
// 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b
// 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded)
fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut key = Vec::new();
    key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref());
    key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data);
    let hashed_key = blake2b(&key);

    hex::encode(&hashed_key)
}

fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut result = [0u8; 32];
    let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32)
        .expect("should create hasher");
    let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes);
    blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result)
        .expect("should copy hash to the result array");
    result
}

cargo run
[src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata {
    name: "My Contract",
    description: "My Description",
    prices: [
        Price {
            value: 123,
        },
        Price {
            value: 321,
        },
    ],
}
[src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666
[src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20
[src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/cep18/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/cep18/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a2b3c76d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/cep18/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + + + + +CEP-18 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

CEP-18

Not so different from ERC-20, the CEP-18 standard describes a fungible +token interface, but for the Casper network. +There are some differences, which will be shown in this tutorial. +The most visible one however, is the compatibility with the Casper Ecosystem.

In our example, we will implement a CEP-18 token with a simple self-governance mechanism. +We will also deploy our token on the Casper network, and interact with it.

danger

This implementation of the governance in this tutorial is by no means +a complete one, and should not be used in production.

Self-governing token​

There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token, +each more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple +one, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens.

Token implementation​

Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using +cep18 as our starting template:

cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18

Let's glance at our token code:

src/token.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct MyToken {
    token: SubModule<Cep18>,
}

impl MyToken {
    // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module.
    delegate! {
        to self.token {
            ...
            fn name(&self) -> String;
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;
            ...

As we can see, it indeed uses the Cep18 module and delegates +all the methods to it.

The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more +appropriate OurToken, run the provided tests using cargo odra test, +and continue with the implementation of the governance.

note

Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as +the struct name in the Odra.toml file!

Governance implementation​

Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism. +If we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible +for minting new tokens. By default, minting Modality +is turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error.

We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote +to mint new tokens.

Voting mechanism​

Our voting system will be straightforward:

  1. Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint.
  2. Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens.
  3. If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed.

Storage​

We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's +add some fields to our token struct:

src/token.rs
#[odra::module]
pub struct OurToken {
    /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard.
    token: SubModule<Cep18>,
    /// The proposed mint.
    proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,
    /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.
    votes: List<Ballot>,
    /// Whether a vote is open.
    is_vote_open: Var<bool>,
    /// The time when the vote ends.
    vote_end_time: Var<u64>,
}

/// A ballot cast by a voter.
#[odra::odra_type]
struct Ballot {
    voter: Address,
    choice: bool,
    amount: U256,
}

Notice that proposed_mint contains a tuple containing the address of +the proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if +the vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why +we need both is_vote_open and vote_end_time.

We will also use the power of the List +type to store the Ballots.

Proposing a new mint​

To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint, +we need to add a new function to our token module:

src/token.rs
/// Proposes a new mint for the contract.
pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {
    // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.
    if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);
    }

    // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.
    if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);
    }

    // Set the proposed mint.
    self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));
    // Open a vote.
    self.is_vote_open.set(true);
    // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.
    self.vote_end_time
        .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000);
}

As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of +the minted tokens, and the amount.

After some validation, we open the vote by setting the is_vote_open to true, +and setting the vote_end_time to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios, +the time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it. +Also, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy +when we test it on Livenet.

Voting for the mint​

Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot:

src/token.rs
/// Votes on the proposed mint.
pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {
    // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.
    self.assert_vote_in_progress();

    let voter = self.env().caller();
    let contract = self.env().self_address();

    // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.
    self.token
        .transfer(&contract, &amount);

    // Add the vote to the list.
    self.votes.push(Ballot {
        voter,
        choice,
        amount,
    });
}

The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking, +where we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it.

The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied.

Speaking of tallying...

Tallying the votes​

The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority +of voters agreed to do so:

src/token.rs
/// Count the votes and perform the action
pub fn tally(&mut self) {
    // Only allow tallying the votes once.
    if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default()
    {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
    }

    // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.
    let finish_time = self
        .vote_end_time
        .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
    if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {
        self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);
    }

    // Count the votes
    let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();
    let mut no_votes = U256::zero();

    let contract = self.env().self_address();

    while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {
        if vote.choice {
            yes_votes += vote.amount;
        } else {
            no_votes += vote.amount;
        }

        // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.
        self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);
    }

    // Perform the action if the vote has passed.
    if yes_votes > no_votes {
        let (account, amount) = self
            .proposed_mint
            .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);
    }

    // Close the vote.
    self.is_vote_open.set(false);
}

Notice how we used raw_transfer from the Cep18 module. We used it +to set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of +the caller's.

Additonally, we used raw_mint to mint the tokens, skipping the security +checks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't +have anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself.

Testing​

Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can +run both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM.

src/token.rs
#[test]
fn it_works() {
    let env = odra_test::env();
    let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {
        name: "OurToken".to_string(),
        symbol: "OT".to_string(),
        decimals: 0,
        initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),
    };

    let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

    // The deployer, as the only token holder,
    // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.
    // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.
    token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
    token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));

    // The tokens should now be staked.
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());

    // Wait for the vote to end.
    env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

    // Finish the vote.
    token.tally();

    // The tokens should now be minted.
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));
    assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());

    // The stake should be returned.
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));

    // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...
    env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));
    token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
    token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));

    // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.
    env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));
    token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));

    env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

    token.tally();

    // The power of community governance!
    assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));
}

We can run the test using both methods:

cargo odra test
cargo odra test -b casper

It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action.

How about deploying it on the Casper network?

What's next​

We will se our token in action, by deploying it on the Casper network, +and using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it.

Complete code​

Here is the complete code of the OurToken module:

src/token.rs
use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var};
use odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18;

/// A ballot cast by a voter.
#[odra::odra_type]
struct Ballot {
    voter: Address,
    choice: bool,
    amount: U256,
}

/// Errors for the governed token.
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum GovernanceError {
    /// The vote is already in progress.
    VoteAlreadyOpen = 0,
    /// No vote is in progress.
    NoVoteInProgress = 1,
    /// Cannot tally votes yet.
    VoteNotYetEnded = 2,
    /// Vote ended
    VoteEnded = 3,
    /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint.
    OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4,
}

/// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings
/// or/and other modules.
#[odra::module]
pub struct OurToken {
    /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard.
    token: SubModule<Cep18>,
    /// The proposed mint.
    proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>,
    /// The list of votes cast in the current vote.
    votes: List<Ballot>,
    /// Whether a vote is open.
    is_vote_open: Var<bool>,
    /// The time when the vote ends.
    vote_end_time: Var<u64>,
}
/// Module implementation.
///
/// To generate entrypoints,
/// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module].
#[odra::module]
impl OurToken {
    /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply.
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token!
        self.token
            .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None);
    }

    // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule.
    delegate! {
        to self.token {
            /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users.
            /// One user can only possess one access group badge.
            /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter
            /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an
            /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights.
            /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality.
            fn change_security(
                &mut self,
                admin_list: Vec<Address>,
                minter_list: Vec<Address>,
                none_list: Vec<Address>
            );

            /// Returns the name of the token.
            fn name(&self) -> String;

            /// Returns the symbol of the token.
            fn symbol(&self) -> String;

            /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses.
            fn decimals(&self) -> u8;

            /// Returns the total supply of the token.
            fn total_supply(&self) -> U256;

            /// Returns the balance of the given address.
            fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256;

            /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend.
            fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256;

            /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller.
            fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.
            fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256);

            /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount.
            fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256);

            /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient.
            fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender's allowance.
            fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address.
            fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);

            /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address.
            fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256);
        }
    }

    /// Proposes a new mint for the contract.
    pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) {
        // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress.
        if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen);
        }

        // Only the token holders can propose a new mint.
        if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() {
            self.env()
                .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose);
        }

        // Set the proposed mint.
        self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount));
        // Open a vote.
        self.is_vote_open.set(true);
        // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now.
        self.vote_end_time
            .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000);
    }

    /// Votes on the proposed mint.
    pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) {
        // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress.
        self.assert_vote_in_progress();

        let voter = self.env().caller();
        let contract = self.env().self_address();

        // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract.
        self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount);

        // Add the vote to the list.
        self.votes.push(Ballot {
            voter,
            choice,
            amount,
        });
    }

    /// Count the votes and perform the action
    pub fn tally(&mut self) {
        // Only allow tallying the votes once.
        if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        }

        // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended.
        let finish_time = self
            .vote_end_time
            .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded);
        }

        // Count the votes
        let mut yes_votes = U256::zero();
        let mut no_votes = U256::zero();

        let contract = self.env().self_address();

        while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() {
            if vote.choice {
                yes_votes += vote.amount;
            } else {
                no_votes += vote.amount;
            }

            // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter.
            self.token
                .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount);
        }

        // Perform the action if the vote has passed.
        if yes_votes > no_votes {
            let (account, amount) = self
                .proposed_mint
                .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
            self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount);
        }

        // Close the vote.
        self.is_vote_open.set(false);
    }

    fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) {
        if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);
        }

        let finish_time = self
            .vote_end_time
            .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress);

        if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time {
            self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::Deployer;

    #[test]
    fn it_works() {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {
            name: "OurToken".to_string(),
            symbol: "OT".to_string(),
            decimals: 0,
            initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64),
        };

        let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);

        // The deployer, as the only token holder,
        // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1.
        // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast.
        token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
        token.vote(true, U256::from(1000));

        // The tokens should now be staked.
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero());

        // Wait for the vote to end.
        env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

        // Finish the vote.
        token.tally();

        // The tokens should now be minted.
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000));
        assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into());

        // The stake should be returned.
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000));

        // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power...
        env.set_caller(env.get_account(1));
        token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000));
        token.vote(true, U256::from(2000));

        // ...Even if the deployer votes against it.
        env.set_caller(env.get_account(0));
        token.vote(false, U256::from(1000));

        env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000);

        token.tally();

        // The power of community governance!
        assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000));
    }
}
Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f512b895 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + + + + + +Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet

In this tutorial, we will take the token we created in +the previous one and deploy it on the Livenet Casper network, +using the Odra Livenet backend.

We will also take a look at the tools that Casper Ecosystem +provides to interact with our newly deployed token.

info

Most of this tutorial will work with any Casper contract.

Casper Wallet​

We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial. +To install it, please follow the instructions on the +official website.

After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account +you want to use for our testing. +You can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys.

danger

You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys. +We recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes.

Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy +our contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend.

Getting tokens​

To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR. +The easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send +us 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet.

To use the faucet, go to the Casper Testnet Faucet. +Log in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button.

note

One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can +either ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account +in the wallet.

Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra!

Odra Livenet​

Odra Livenet is described in detail in the +backends section of this documentation. +We will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial.

In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder:

bin/our_token_livenet.rs
//! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial
//! creator.
use std::str::FromStr;

use odra::casper_types::U256;
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader};
use odra::Address;
use ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs};

fn main() {
    // Load the Casper livenet environment.
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();

    // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key.
    let owner = env.caller();
    // Just some random address...
    let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26";
    let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap();

    // Deploy new contract.
    let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env);
    println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string());

    // Propose minting new tokens.
    env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);
    token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000));

    // Vote, we are the only voter.
    env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64);
    token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000));

    // Let's advance the block time by 11 minutes, as
    // we set the voting time to 10 minutes.
    // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time...
    // Hopefully you are not in a hurry.
    env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000);

    // Tally the votes.
    env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64);
    token.tally();

    // Check the balances.
    println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner));
    println!(
        "Tutorial creator's balance: {:?}",
        token.balance_of(&recipient)
    );
}

/// Deploys a contract.
pub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {
    let name = String::from("OurToken");
    let symbol = String::from("OT");
    let decimals = 0;
    let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000);

    let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs {
        name,
        symbol,
        decimals,
        initial_supply,
    };

    env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64);
    OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args)
}

/// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later...
fn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef {
    let address = "hash-XXXXX";
    let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap();
    OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address)
}

In your Cargo.toml file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and +register the new binary. In the end, it should look like this:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "ourcoin"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }
odra-modules = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }
odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }

[dev-dependencies]
odra-test = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }

[build-dependencies]
odra-build = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false }

[features]
default = []
livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]

[[bin]]
name = "ourcoin_build_contract"
path = "bin/build_contract.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "ourcoin_build_schema"
path = "bin/build_schema.rs"
test = false

[[bin]]
name = "our_token_livenet"
path = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]

[profile.release]
codegen-units = 1
lto = true

[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3

Finally, add the .env file with the following content:

.env
# Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem

# RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777

# Chain name of the network.
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test

Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path +with the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet.

note

One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using +will be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will +have to find and use another node IP address.

Now, we will run our code:

cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet

If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this:

     Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet`
💁  INFO : Deploying "OurToken".
💁  INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227".
💁  INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed.

Token address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857

💁  INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361".
💁  INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5".
💁  INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef".
💁  INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed.

Owner's balance: 1000
Tutorial creator's balance: 1000

Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network! +Before we move on, note the address of the token!

We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it is +hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857.

Cspr.live​

The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer, +cspr.live. We can put the address of our token in the search bar +to find it.

note

If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet +network is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner.

If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details. +Besides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it +was developed using a standard that cspr.live supports.

Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token! +We see the name, symbol and total supply. +All the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead +of the contract address.

contract.png

Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened +with the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section +and transfers done during the voting process.

transactions.png

If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the +account page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account +has - and OurToken is one of them!

If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development +of this tutorial here.

Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet​

Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting +the private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts +deployed on the network.

If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see +them in the Casper Wallet window.

You should also be able to transfer them to another account!

wallet.png

Conclusion​

We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it +using the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the +cspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract.

Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem +provides. Feel free to explore them on casperecosystem.io.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/erc20/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/erc20/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81546ce89 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/erc20/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +ERC-20 | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

ERC-20

It's time for something that every smart contract developer has done at least once. Let's try to implement Erc20 standard. Of course, we are going to use the Odra Framework.

The ERC-20 standard establishes a uniform specification for fungible tokens. This implies that each token shares attributes that make it indistinguishable from another token of the same type and value.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • Advanced storage using key-value pairs,
  • Odra types such as Address,
  • Advanced event assertion.

Code​

Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example.

It is designed to store the following data:

  1. Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.
  2. Total supply.
  3. Balances of individual users.
  4. Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user.

Module definition​

erc20.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])]
pub struct Erc20 {
    decimals: Var<u8>,
    symbol: Var<String>,
    name: Var<String>,
    total_supply: Var<U256>,
    balances: Mapping<Address, U256>,
    allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256>
}
  • L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.
  • L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys.

Metadata​

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.name.set(name);
        self.symbol.set(symbol);
        self.decimals.set(decimals);
        self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.name.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.symbol.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.decimals.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.total_supply.get_or_default()
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
   pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.balances.add(address, *amount);
        self.total_supply.add(*amount);
        
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: None,
            to: Some(*address),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Transfer {
    pub from: Option<Address>,
    pub to: Option<Address>,
    pub amount: U256
}
  • L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.
  • L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.
  • L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.
  • L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for:
use odra::UnwrapOrRevert;

let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default();
let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env());
self.balances.set(address, new_balance);

Core​

To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks.

erc20.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Erc20 {
    ...

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let spender = self.env().caller();
        self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount);
        self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner = self.env().caller();
        self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: *amount
        });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.balances.get_or_default(&address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender))
    }
}

impl Erc20 {
    ...

    fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner);
        if *amount > owner_balance {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance)
        }
        self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount);
        self.balances.add(recipient, *amount);
        self.env().emit_event(Transfer {
            from: Some(*owner),
            to: Some(*recipient),
            amount: *amount
        });
    }

    fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender);
        if allowance < *amount {
            self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance)
        }
        let new_allowance = allowance - *amount;
        self.allowances
            .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance);
        self.env().emit_event(Approval {
            owner: *owner,
            spender: *spender,
            value: allowance - *amount
        });
    }
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Approval {
    pub owner: Address,
    pub spender: Address,
    pub value: U256
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InsufficientAllowance = 2,
}

Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation?

Test​

erc20.rs
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}};

    const NAME: &str = "Plascoin";
    const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS";
    const DECIMALS: u8 = 10;
    const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000;

    fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) {
        let env = odra_test::env();
        (
            env.clone(),
            Erc20HostRef::deploy(
                &env,
                Erc20InitArgs {
                    symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(),
                    name: NAME.to_string(),
                    decimals: DECIMALS,
                    initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
                }
            )
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization() {
        // When deploy a contract with the initial supply.
        let (env, erc20) = setup();

        // Then the contract has the metadata set.
        assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string());
        assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS);

        // Then the total supply is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into());

        // Then a Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: None,
                to: Some(env.get_account(0)),
                amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_works() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When transfer tokens to a recipient.
        let sender = env.get_account(0);
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount);

        // Then the sender balance is deducted.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&sender),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount
        );

        // Then the recipient balance is updated.
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount);

        // Then Transfer event was emitted.
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(sender),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_error() {
        // Given a new contract.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance.
        let recipient = env.get_account(1);
        let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one();

        // Then an error occurs.
        assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() {
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        let (owner, recipient, spender) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let approved_amount = 3_000.into();
        let transfer_amount = 1_000.into();

        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY));

        // Owner approves Spender.
        erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount);

        // Allowance was recorded.
        assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount
            }
        ));

        // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient.
        env.set_caller(spender);
        erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount);

        // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.balance_of(&owner),
            U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount
        );
        assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount);
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Approval {
                owner,
                spender,
                value: approved_amount - transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        assert!(env.emitted_event(
            erc20.address(),
            &Transfer {
                from: Some(owner),
                to: Some(recipient),
                amount: transfer_amount
            }
        ));
        // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_from_error() {
        // Given a new instance.
        let (env, mut erc20) = setup();

        // When the spender's allowance is zero.
        let (owner, spender, recipient) =
            (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2));
        let amount = 1_000.into();
        env.set_caller(spender);

        // Then transfer fails.
        assert_eq!(
            erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount),
            Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type.

What's next​

Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/nft/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/nft/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9e5cccf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/nft/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ticketing System | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Ticketing System

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent ownership of unique items or pieces of content. They are commonly used for digital art, collectibles, in-game items, and other unique assets. In this tutorial, we will create a simple ticketing system based on NFT tokens.

Our contract will adhere to the CEP-78 standard, which is the standard for NFTs on the Casper blockchain.

Learn more about the CEP-78 standard here.

Ticket Office Contract​

Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features:

  • Compliance with the CEP-78 standard.
  • Ownership functionality.
  • Only the owner can issue new event tickets.
  • Users can purchase tickets for events.
  • Tickets are limited to a one-time sale.
  • Public access to view the total income of the TicketOffice.

Setup the project​

Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the cargo odra new command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template:

cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78

Contract implementation​

Let's start implementing the TicketOffice contract by modify the code generated from the template.

src/token.rs
use odra::{
    args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert
};
use odra_modules::access::Ownable;
use odra_modules::cep78::{
    modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode},
    token::Cep78,
};

pub type TicketId = u64;

#[odra::odra_type]
pub enum TicketStatus {
    Available,
    Sold,
}

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct TicketInfo {
    event_name: String,
    price: U512,
    status: TicketStatus,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OnTicketIssue {
    ticket_id: TicketId,
    event_name: String,
    price: U512,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OnTicketSell {
    ticket_id: TicketId,
    buyer: Address,
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200,
    InsufficientFunds = 201,
    InvalidTicketId = 202,
    TicketDoesNotExist = 203,
}

#[odra::module(
    events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell],
    errors = Error
)]
pub struct TicketOffice {
    token: SubModule<Cep78>,
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TicketOffice {
    pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) {
        self.ownable.init();
        let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name);
        self.token.init(
            collection_name,
            collection_symbol,
            total_supply,
            OwnershipMode::Transferable,
            NFTKind::Digital,
            NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal,
            NFTMetadataKind::Raw,
            MetadataMutability::Immutable,
            receipt_name,
            // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None
            ...
        );
    }

    pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {
        let env = self.env();
        let caller = env.caller();
        self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);
        // mint a new token
        let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None);
        let ticket_id: u64 = token_id
            .parse()
            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId)
            .unwrap_or_revert(&env);
        // store ticket info
        self.tickets.set(
            &ticket_id,
            TicketInfo {
                event_name: event_name.clone(),
                price,
                status: TicketStatus::Available,
            },
        );
        // emit an event
        env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue {
            ticket_id,
            event_name,
            price,
        });
    }

    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {
        let env = self.env();
        let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();
        let buyer = env.caller();
        let value = env.attached_value();
        // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold
        if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner {
            env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);
        }
        let mut ticket = self
            .tickets
            .get(&ticket_id)
            .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist);
        // only available tickets can be sold
        if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available {
            env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale);
        }
        // check if the buyer sends enough funds
        if value < ticket.price {
            env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds);
        }
        // transfer csprs to the owner
        env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);
        // transfer the ticket to the buyer
        self.token
            .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer);
        ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold;
        self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket);

        env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer });
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {
        self.env().self_balance()
    }
}
  • L10-L44 - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. TicketStatus enum represents the status of a ticket, TicketInfo struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, TicketId is a type alias for u64. OnTicketIssue and OnTicketSell are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold.
  • L46-L49 - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema.
  • L51-L53 - TicketOffice module definition. The module contains a Cep78 token, an Ownable module, and a Mapping that stores information about tickets.
  • L58-L74 - The init function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the Ownable module initialization.
  • L76-L94 - The issue_ticket function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an OnTicketIssue event.
  • L103 - The payable attribute indicates that the buy_ticket function can receive funds.
  • L104-L134 - The buy_ticket function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an OnTicketSell event.

Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows:

  1. Deploy the contract.
  2. Issue two tickets.
  3. Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds.
  4. Buy tickets.
  5. Try to buy the same ticket again.
  6. Check the balance of the contract.
src/tests.rs
use odra::{
    casper_types::U512,
    host::{Deployer, HostRef},
};

use crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs};

#[test]
fn it_works() {
    let env = odra_test::env();
    let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {
        collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),
        collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),
        total_supply: 100,
    };  
    let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args);
    contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));
    contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));

    let buyer = env.get_account(1);
    env.set_caller(buyer);

    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(50))
            .try_buy_ticket(0),
        Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())
    );

    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(100))
            .try_buy_ticket(0),
        Ok(())
    );
    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(50))
            .try_buy_ticket(1),
        Ok(())
    );

    assert_eq!(
        contract
            .with_tokens(U512::from(100))
            .try_buy_ticket(0),
        Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())
    );
}

Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of.

odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs
pub fn transfer(
    &mut self,
    token_id: Maybe<u64>,
    token_hash: Maybe<String>,
    source_key: Address,
    target_key: Address
) -> TransferReceipt {
    ...

    if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator {
        self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner);
    }

    ...
}

Let's fix it by redesigning our little system.

Redesign​

Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary — an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets.

The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow:

Ticket Operator Contract​

As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the cargo odra generate command.

cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator
src/ticket_operator.rs
use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef};
use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    UnknownTicketOffice = 300,
}

#[odra::module(errors = Error)]
pub struct TicketOperator {
    ticket_office_address: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TicketOperator {
    pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) {
        self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address);
    }

    // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds.
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) {
        let env = self.env();
        let buyer = env.caller();
        let value = env.attached_value();
        let center = self
            .ticket_office_address
            .get()
            .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice);
        let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center);
        // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer
        ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value);
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 {
        self.env().self_balance()
    }
}
  • L4-L7 - Define errors that will be used in the contract.
  • L9-L13 - Define the TicketOperator module that stores the address of the ticketing office.
  • L16-L18 - The register function sets the address of the ticketing office.
  • L20-L32 - The buy_ticket function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a TicketOfficeContractRef to interact we the TicketOffice contract. Note that, the operator's buy_ticket now receives funds.

Now we need to adjust the TicketOffice contract to use the TicketOperator contract to buy tickets.

src/token.rs
use odra::Var;

... 

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    ...
    MissingOperator = 204,
    Unauthorized = 205,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct TicketOffice {
    ...
    operator: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TicketOffice {
    ... 

    pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) {
        // only the owner can register an operator
        let caller = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller);
        // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract
        TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address());
        self.operator.set(operator);
    }

    pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) {
        // minting logic remains the same...
        ...

        // approve the operator to transfer the ticket
        let operator = self.operator();
        self.token
            .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None);

        // emit an event
        ...
    }

    pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) {
        let env = self.env();
        let owner = self.ownable.get_owner();
        let caller = env.caller();
        // make sure the caller is the operator
        if !self.is_operator(caller) {
            env.revert(Error::Unauthorized);
        }

        ...
        // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer
        // it is now handled by the operator contract.
        // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool {
        Some(caller) == self.operator.get()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn operator(&self) -> Address {
        self.operator
            .get()
            .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator)
    }
}
  • L15 - the contract stores the operator address.
  • L22-L29 - a new function register_operator allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the register entry point on the operator contract.
  • L36-38 - modify the issue_ticket function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later.
  • L44-L57 - modify the buy_ticket function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds.
  • We also added two helper functions: is_operator and operator to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: MissingOperator and Unauthorized.

Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram.

src/tests.rs
use odra::{
    casper_types::U512,
    host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs},
    OdraResult,
};

use crate::{
    ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef,
    token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs},
};

#[test]
fn it_works() {
    let env = odra_test::env();
    let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs {
        collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(),
        collection_symbol: "T".to_string(),
        total_supply: 100,
    };
    let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs);
    let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args);
    ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone());
    ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100));
    ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50));

    let buyer = env.get_account(1);
    env.set_caller(buyer);

    assert_eq!(
        buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50),
        Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(()));
    assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(()));
    assert_eq!(
        buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100),
        Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into())
    );

    assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150));
}

fn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> {
    operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id)
}

Conclusion​

In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da8b51acd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Odra for Solidity developers | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Odra for Solidity developers

Introduction​

Hi, stranger Solidity developer! If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers.

Prerequisites​

To follow this guide, you should have:

  • Knowledge of Solidity.
  • Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts.
  • Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it.

Hello World​

Let's start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message.

use odra::{prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HelloWorld {
    greet: Var<String>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl HelloWorld {
    pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) {
        self.greet.set(message);
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> String {
        self.greet.get_or_default()
    }
}

As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the odra::module attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the HelloWorld struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: init to set the greeting message and get to retrieve it. +Two key differences are:

  1. Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly.
  2. To initialize values, you must do it in the init function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor.

Variable Storage and State Management​

Data Types​

use core::str::FromStr;
use odra::{
    casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256},
    module::Module,
    prelude::*,
    Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Primitives {
    boo: Var<bool>,
    u: Var<u8>,    // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type
    u2: Var<U256>, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type
    i: Var<i32>,   // i32 is the smallest signed integer type
    i2: Var<i64>,  // i64 is the biggest signed integer type
    address: Var<Address>,
    bytes: Var<Bytes>,
    default_boo: Var<bool>,
    default_uint: Var<U256>,
    default_int: Var<i64>,
    default_addr: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Primitives {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.boo.set(true);
        self.u.set(1);
        self.u2.set(U256::from(456));
        self.i.set(-1);
        self.i2.set(456);
        self.address.set(
            Address::from_str(
                "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb",
            )
            .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()),
        );
        self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5]));

        let _min_int = U256::zero();
        let _max_int = U256::MAX;
    }

    // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method
    pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool {
        self.default_boo.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 {
        self.default_uint.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 {
        self.default_int.get_or_default()
    }

    // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value
    pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address {
        self.default_addr.get_or_default()
    }
}

The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: u8, u16, u32, u64, U128, and U256 for unsigned integers, and i32 and i64 for signed integers.

The Address type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the Address type; the workaround is to use Option<Address>.

The Bytes type is used to store byte arrays.

Values are stored in units called Named Keys and Dictionaries. Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point.

Constants and Immutability​

use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Constants;

#[odra::module]
impl Constants {
    pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]);
    pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account(
        AccountHash([0u8; 32])
    );
}

In Odra, you can define constants using the const keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the immutable keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's immutable keyword.

Variables​

use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Variables {
    text: Var<String>,
    my_uint: Var<U256>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Variables {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.text.set("Hello".to_string());
        self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123));
    }

    pub fn do_something(&self) {
        // Local variables
        let i = 456;
        // Env variables
        let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time();
        let sender = self.env().caller();
    }
}

In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ContractEnv retrieved using the env() function.

Arrays and Mappings​

use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping};

#[odra::module]
pub struct MappingContract {
    my_map: Mapping<Address, Option<U256>>   
}

#[odra::module]
impl MappingContract {
    pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 {
        // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option<Option<U256>>
        // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option
        self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {
        self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i));
    }

    pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) {
        self.my_map.set(&addr, None);
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct NestedMapping {
    my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option<bool>>   
}

#[odra::module]
impl NestedMapping {
    pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool {
        self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) {
        self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo));
    }

    pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) {
        self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None);
    }
}
use odra::{prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Array {
    // the size of the array must be known at compile time
    arr: Var<[u8; 10]>,
    vec: Var<Vec<u32>>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Array {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
        self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    }

    pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] {
        self.arr.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) {
        let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();
        vec.push(value);
        self.vec.set(vec);
    }

    pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) {
        let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default();
        vec.pop();
        self.vec.set(vec);
    }

    pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) {
        let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();
        arr[index as usize] = value;
        self.arr.set(arr);
    }
}

For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the Var container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a Mapping or List instead of an array or vector to store data.

Custom types​

use odra::{prelude::*, Var};

#[odra::odra_type]
#[derive(Default)]
pub enum Status {
    #[default]
    Pending,
    Shipped,
    Accepted,
    Rejected,
    Canceled,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct Enum {
    status: Var<Status>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Enum {
    pub fn get(&self) -> Status {
        self.status.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) {
        self.status.set(status);
    }

    pub fn cancel(&mut self) {
        self.status.set(Status::Canceled);
    }

    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.status.set(Default::default());
    }
}

In Odra, custom types are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the #[default] attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the Default::default() function.

use odra::{prelude::*, List};

#[odra::odra_type]
pub struct Todo {
    text: String,
    completed: bool,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct Enum {
    // You could also use Var<Vec<Todo>> instead of List<Todo>,
    // but List is more efficient for large arrays,
    // it loads items lazily.
    todos: List<Todo>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Enum {
    pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) {
        self.todos.push(Todo {
            text,
            completed: false,
        });
    }

    pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) {
        if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {
            todo.text = text;
            self.todos.replace(index, todo);
        }
    }

    pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) {
        if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) {
            todo.completed = !todo.completed;
            self.todos.replace(index, todo);
        }
    }

    // Odra does not create getters by default
    pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<Todo> {
        self.todos.get(index)
    }
}

Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the List type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily.

Data Location​

In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be memory, storage, or calldata. In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., Var, Mapping, List), the data is stored in the contract's storage.

Functions​

Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function:

impl Erc20 {
    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount);
        // Transfer logic goes here
    }

    fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        // Internal transfer logic goes here
    }
}

Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ContractEnv function.

View and Pure​

use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
pub struct ViewAndPure {
    x: Var<u32>   
}

#[odra::module]
impl ViewAndPure {
    pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 {
        self.x.get_or_default() + y
    }
}

pub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 {
    i + j
}

In Odra, you don't need to specify view or pure functions explicitly. All functions are considered view functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be &mut self. If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects.

Modifiers​

use odra::Var;

#[odra::module]
pub struct FunctionModifier {
    x: Var<u32>,
    locked: Var<bool>,  
}

#[odra::module]
impl FunctionModifier {
    pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 {
        self.lock();
        self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i);

        if i > 1 {
            self.decrement(i - 1);
        }
        self.unlock();
    }

    #[inline]
    fn lock(&mut self) {
        if self.locked.get_or_default() {
            self.env().revert("No reentrancy");
        }

        self.locked.set(true);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn unlock(&mut self) {
        self.locked.set(false);
    }
}

In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the lock and unlock functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly.

As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the #[inline] attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances.

Visibility​

Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts.

Functions can be declared as:

`pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call.
`pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call.
`default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function.

Payable​

use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Payable {
    owner: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Payable {
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.owner.set(self.env().caller());
    }

    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&self) {
    }

    pub fn not_payable(&self) {
    }

    pub fn withdraw(&self) {
        let amount = self.env().self_balance();
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) {
        self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount);
    }
}

In Odra, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether.

Selectors​

In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector.

contract_addr.call(
    abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234)
)

Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function.

Events and Logging​

use odra::{prelude::*, Address};

#[odra::event]
pub struct Log {
    sender: Address,
    message: String,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct AnotherLog {}

#[odra::module]
struct Event;

#[odra::module]
impl Event {
    pub fn test(&self) {
        let env = self.env();
        env.emit_event(Log {
            sender: env.caller(),
            message: "Hello World!".to_string(),
        });
        env.emit_event(Log {
            sender: env.caller(),
            message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(),
        });
        env.emit_event(AnotherLog {});
    }
}

In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the #[odra::event] attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's emit_event() function, passing the event struct as an argument.

note

Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the Basics section.

Error Handling​

use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}};

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum CustomError {
    InsufficientBalance = 1,
    InputLowerThanTen = 2,
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct Error;

#[odra::module]
impl Error {
    pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) {
        if i <= 10.into() {
            self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen);
        }
    }

    pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) {
        let balance = self.env().self_balance();
        if balance < withdraw_amount {
            self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance);
        }
    }
}

In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: require, revert, assert, and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the env().revert() function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error.

Composition vs. Inheritance​

In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another.

Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra.

use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule};

#[odra::module]
pub struct A;

#[odra::module]
impl A {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
        "A".to_string()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct B {
    a: SubModule<A>
}

#[odra::module]
impl B {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
        "B".to_string()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct C {
    a: SubModule<A>
}

#[odra::module]
impl C {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
        "C".to_string()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct D {
    b: SubModule<B>,
    c: SubModule<C>
}

#[odra::module]
impl D {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
       self.c.foo()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct E {
    b: SubModule<B>,
    c: SubModule<C>
}

#[odra::module]
impl E {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
       self.b.foo()
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct F {
    a: SubModule<A>,
    b: SubModule<B>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl F {
    pub fn foo(&self) -> String {
       self.a.foo()
    }
}

Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers.

In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts.

Libraries and Utility​

use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var};

mod math {
    use odra::casper_types::U256;

    pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 {
        let mut z = y;
        if y > 3.into() {
            let mut x = y / 2 + 1;
            while x < z {
                z = x;
                x = (y / x + x) / 2;
            }
        } else if y != U256::zero() {
            z = U256::one();
        }
        z
    }
}

#[odra::module]
struct TestMath;

#[odra::module]
impl TestMath {
    pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 {
        math::sqrt(x)
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
enum Error {
    EmptyArray = 100,
}

trait Removable {
    fn remove(&mut self, index: usize);
}

impl Removable for Var<Vec<U256>> {
    fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) {
        let env = self.env();
        let mut vec = self.get_or_default();
        if vec.is_empty() {
            env.revert(Error::EmptyArray);
        }
        vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env);
        self.set(vec);
    }
}

#[odra::module]
struct TestArray {
    arr: Var<Vec<U256>>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl TestArray {
    pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) {
        let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default();
        for i in 0..3 {
            arr.push(i.into());
        }
        self.arr.set(arr);

        self.arr.remove(1);

        let arr = self.arr.get_or_default();
        assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into());
        assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into());
    }
}

In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the Math library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the TestMath contract calls the sqrt function directly, while the TestArray contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type uint256[] by adding the remove function.

In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the Removable trait for the Var<Vec<U256>> type allows the remove function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of U256 values.

Fallback and Receive Functions​

In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a receive() and/or fallback() function. The receive() function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the fallback() function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called.

Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the receive() and fallback() functions. Instead, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs.

Miscellaneous​

Hashing​

use odra::{
    casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256},
    prelude::*,
    Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var,
};

#[odra::module]
pub struct HashFunction;

#[odra::module]
impl HashFunction {
    pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] {
        let env = self.env();
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        env.hash(data)
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct GuessTheMagicWord {
    answer: Var<[u8; 32]>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl GuessTheMagicWord {
    /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash.
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.answer.set([
            0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84,
            0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55,
            0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08,
        ]);
    }

    /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word.
    pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool {
        let env = self.env();
        let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env));
        hash == self.answer.get_or_default()
    }
}

The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the keccak256 function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the env.hash() function is used, which implements the blake2b algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash.

Try-catch​

use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var};

#[odra::module]
pub struct Example {
    other_contract: Var<Address>,
}

#[odra::module]
impl Example {
    pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) {
        self.other_contract.set(other_contract);
    }

    pub fn execute_external_call(&self) {
        if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() {
            let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function();
            match result {
                Ok(success) => {
                    // Code to execute if the external call was successful
                }
                Err(reason) => {
                    // Code to execute if the external call failed
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[odra::module]
pub struct OtherContract;

#[odra::module]
impl OtherContract {
    pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result<bool, ()> {
        Ok(true)
    }
}

In Solidity, try/catch is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The try/catch statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation.

In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the try/catch statement in Solidity. However, you can use the Result type to handle errors in a similar way. The Result type is an enum that represents either success (Ok) or failure (Err). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts.

Conclusion​

Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development.

Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework.

Read more about the Odra Framework in the Basics and Advanced sections.

Learn by example with our Tutorial series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the Erc20 standard implementation.

If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our Discord!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/ownable/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/ownable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9995462e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/ownable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Ownable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Ownable

In this tutorial, we will write a simple module that allows us to set its owner. Later, it can be reused to limit access to the contract's critical features.

Framework features​

A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features:

  • storing a single value,
  • defining a constructor,
  • error handling,
  • defining and emitting events.
  • registering a contact in a test environment,
  • interactions with the test environment,
  • assertions (value, events, errors assertions).

Code​

Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement.

  1. Module has an initializer that should be called once.
  2. Only the current owner can set a new owner.
  3. Read the current owner.
  4. A function that fails if called by a non-owner account.

Define a module​

ownable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{Address, Var};

#[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])]
pub struct Ownable {
    owner: Var<Option<Address>>
}

That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on.

  • L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.
  • L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var.

Init the module​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) {
        if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized)
        }

        self.owner.set(Some(owner));
        
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: None,
            new_owner: owner
        });
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct OwnershipChanged {
    pub prev_owner: Option<Address>,
    pub new_owner: Address
}

Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one:

  • L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].
  • L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.
  • L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.
  • L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument.
  • L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.
  • L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.
  • L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None.

Features implementation​

ownable.rs
#[odra::module]
impl Ownable {
    ...

    pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) {
        if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() {
            self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner)
        }
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        let current_owner = self.get_owner();
        self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner));
        self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged {
            prev_owner: Some(current_owner),
            new_owner: *new_owner
        });
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        match self.owner.get_or_default() {
            Some(owner) => owner,
            None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized)
        }
    }
}

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    NotOwner = 1,
    OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2,
    OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3,
}

The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along.

  • L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.
  • L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.
  • L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead.

Test​

ownable.rs
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef};

    fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) {
        let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env();
        let init_args = OwnableInitArgs {
            owner: env.get_account(0)
        };
        (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0))
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialization_works() {
        let (ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner);
       
        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: None,
                new_owner: owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn owner_can_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        
        env.set_caller(owner);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner);

        env.emitted_event(
            ownable.address(),
            &OwnershipChanged {
                prev_owner: Some(owner),
                new_owner
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() {
        let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup();
        let new_owner = env.get_account(1);
        ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner);
        
        assert_eq!(
            ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), 
            Err(Error::NotOwner.into())
        );
    }
}
  • L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.
  • L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one).
  • L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.
  • L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract.
    note

    You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract.

  • L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.
  • L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.
  • L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function.
    note

    The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account.

  • L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type.

Summary​

The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract.

What's next​

In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/owned-token/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/owned-token/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1917740c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/owned-token/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +OwnedToken | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

OwnedToken

This tutorial shows the great power of the modularization-focused design of the Odra Framework. We are going to use the modules we built in the last two tutorials to build a new one.

Code​

What should our module be capable of?

  1. Conform the Erc20 interface.
  2. Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.
  3. Enable the current owner to designate a new owner.

Module definition​

Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules.

owned_token.rs
use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable};
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::module::SubModule;

#[odra::module]
pub struct OwnedToken {
    ownable: SubModule<Ownable>,
    erc20: SubModule<Erc20>
}

As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules!

Delegation​

owned_token.rs
...
use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256};
...

#[odra::module]
impl OwnedToken {
    pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) {
        let deployer = self.env().caller();
        self.ownable.init(deployer);
        self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply);
    }

    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.name()
    }

    pub fn symbol(&self) -> String {
        self.erc20.symbol()
    }

    pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 {
        self.erc20.decimals()
    }

    pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.total_supply()
    }

    pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.balance_of(address)
    }

    pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 {
        self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender)
    }

    pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount);
    }

    pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.erc20.approve(spender, amount);
    }

    pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address {
        self.ownable.get_owner()
    }

    pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) {
        self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner);
    }

    pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) {
        self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller());
        self.erc20.mint(address, amount);
    }
}

Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness:

  • L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.
  • L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.
  • L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.
  • L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner.

Summary​

The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that.

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/pauseable/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/pauseable/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bab716040 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/pauseable/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + +Pausable | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Pausable

The Pausable module is like your smart contract's safety switch. It lets authorized users temporarily pause certain features if needed. It's a great way to boost security, but it's not meant to be used on its own. Think of it as an extra tool in your access control toolbox, giving you more control to manage your smart contract safely and efficiently.

Code​

As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module.

  1. Check the state - is it paused or not.
  2. State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.
  3. Switch the state.

Events and Error​

There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way.

Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser.

pauseable.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::Address;

#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    PausedRequired = 1_000,
    UnpausedRequired = 1_001,
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Paused {
    pub account: Address
}

#[odra::event]
pub struct Unpaused {
    pub account: Address
}

Module definition​

The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused.

pauseable.rs
use odra::Var;
...

#[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])]
pub struct Pausable {
    is_paused: Var<bool>
}

Checks and guards​

Now, let's move to state checks and guards.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_paused.get_or_default()
    }

    pub fn require_not_paused(&self) {
        if self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired);
        }
    }

    pub fn require_paused(&self) {
        if !self.is_paused() {
            self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired);
        }
    }
}
  • L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.
  • L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.
  • L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused.
  • L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused.

Actions​

Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state.

pauseable.rs
impl Pausable {
    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.require_not_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(true);

        self.env().emit_event(Paused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.require_paused();
        self.is_paused.set(false);

        self.env().emit_event(Unpaused {
            account: self.env().caller()
        });
    }
}

pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused).

Pausable counter​

In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused).

pauseable.rs
...
use odra::SubModule;
...

#[odra::module]
pub struct PausableCounter {
    value: Var<u32>,
    pauseable: SubModule<Pausable>
}

#[odra::module]
impl PausableCounter {
    pub fn increment(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.require_not_paused();

        let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1;
        self.value.set(new_value);
    }

    pub fn pause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.pause();
    }

    pub fn unpause(&mut self) {
        self.pauseable.unpause();
    }

    pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value.get_or_default()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs};

    #[test]
    fn increment_only_if_unpaused() {
        let test_env = odra_test::env();
        let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs);
        contract.increment();
        contract.pause();

        assert_eq!(
            contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(),
            Error::UnpausedRequired.into()
        );
        assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1);
    }
}

As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy!

Last updated on
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html b/docs/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94e3e36e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + +Using Proxy Caller | Odra + + + + + +
+
Version: 1.0.0

Using Proxy Caller

In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the proxy_caller wasm to call an Odra payable function. The proxy_caller is a session code that top-ups the cargo_purse passes it as an argument and then calls the contract. This is useful when you want to call a payable function attaching some CSPRs to the call.

Read more about the proxy_caller here.

Contract​

For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples.

examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs
use odra::prelude::*;
use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var};

#[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])]
pub struct TimeLockWallet {
    balances: Mapping<Address, U512>,
    lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>,
    lock_duration: Var<u64>
}

#[odra::module]
impl TimeLockWallet {
    /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration.
    pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) {
        self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration);
    }

    /// Deposits the tokens into the contract.
    #[odra(payable)]
    pub fn deposit(&mut self) {
        // Extract values
        let caller: Address = self.env().caller();
        let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value();
        let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time();

        // Multiple lock check
        if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() {
            self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice)
        }

        // Update state, emit event
        self.balances.set(&caller, amount);
        self.lock_expiration_map
            .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration());
        self.env().emit_event(Deposit {
            address: caller,
            amount
        });
    }

    /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract.
    pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }

    /// Returns the balance of the given account.
    pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }

    /// Returns the lock duration.
    pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 {
        // code omitted for brevity
    }
}

/// Errors that may occur during the contract execution.
#[odra::odra_error]
pub enum Error {
    LockIsNotOver = 1,
    CannotLockTwice = 2,
    InsufficientBalance = 3
}

/// Deposit event.
#[odra::event]
pub struct Deposit {
    pub address: Address,
    pub amount: U512
}

/// Withdrawal event.
#[odra::event]
pub struct Withdrawal {
    pub address: Address,
    pub amount: U512
}

Full code can be found here.

Client​

Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image.

docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl

Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key.

# Build the contract
cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet
# Extract secret key
docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem

To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case).

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "odra-examples"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false }
... # other dependencies
odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }

... # other sections

[features]
default = []
livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"]

... # other sections

[[bin]]
name = "tlw_on_livenet"
path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs"
required-features = ["livenet"]
test = false

... # other sections
examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs
//! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs.
use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512};
use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef};
use odra::Address;
use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs};

const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100;
const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99;
const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9);

fn main() {
    let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env();
    let caller = env.get_account(0);

    env.set_caller(caller);
    env.set_gas(GAS);

    let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy(
        &env, 
        TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 }
    );
    // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract.
    contract
        .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT))
        .deposit();
    
    println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));
    // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract.
    contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL));
    println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller));
}

To run the code, execute the following command:

ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \
ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \  
cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet
# Sample output
💁  INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet".
💁  INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558".
💁  INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed.
💁  INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed.
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy.
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3".
💁  INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed.
Caller's balance: 100
💁  INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw".
🙄  WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e".
💁  INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed.
Remaining balance: 1

As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. +The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity.

Conclusion​

In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle.

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+
+ + + + diff --git a/docs/lunr-index-1718616732280.json b/docs/lunr-index-1718616732280.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90405c599 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/lunr-index-1718616732280.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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We have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy. Now we are entering the next phase of the open source journey. We are going to focus on the community and make sure Odra is the best tool for the job. Our motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is: We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to professionals with deadlines. How will we do it? We are going to focus on four things: Quality - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality. We will always have tons of tests and examples.Simplicity - The simplest solution is the best solution. Odra's API needs to be simple and easy to use. Always! We are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design. We believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations.Reusability - No one likes to repeat itself. We see a huge potential in Odra Modules. In time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts, that are battle-tested and ready to use.Community - We are here to help you. You can always reach out to us on Discord or Github. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"We will help with your project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"It's all about the community!","url":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community#we-will-help-with-your-project","content":"Whether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today. We have prepared a few examples and docs to help you get started. Rust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal. That was always the goal. But we understand that it is hard to start. We got your back. We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding. All you have to do is write us an email at contract@odra.devwith a short description of your project. We will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra. After 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3 smart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Roadmap​","type":1,"pageTitle":"It's all about the community!","url":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community#roadmap","content":"The feedback we got quite often was:It's nice, but will it last? What's the direction of the project?Point taken. Now we answer: We are here to stay.We got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own to keep us funded. We play the long game. To systematize our work, we have prepared the roadmap. As of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases. It is a good balance between predictability and flexibility. We will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed. Everyone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement. New proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team. When the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Zero Knowledge​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#zero-knowledge","content":"In my opinion, the zero knowledge (ZK) is the largest revolution in blockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based smart contracts. To put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before: Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain and put the result on a chain with the proof.Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Risc Zero​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#risc-zero","content":"I'd like to introduce you to Risc Zero. It is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine. Go ahead and spend time reading their website! For us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM. Sooo... we can run it on Casper :) Yes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper's smart contract for verification. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#example","content":"Let's dive into the example to see how it works.The full example codeyou can find on our GitHub. It is based on Risc Zero's Hello, Multiply!example. So make sure you understand it first.Guest and Prover sections are taken from this example. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Guest​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#guest","content":"The program we are proving is called a guest in Risc Zero. Our goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number. Given a and b below guest program computes a * b and produces a proof of computation. methods/guest/src/multiply.rs pub fn main() { // Load the first number from the host let a: u64 = env::read(); // Load the second number from the host let b: u64 = env::read(); // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors) if a == 1 || b == 1 { panic!("Trivial factors") } // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect("Integer overflow"); env::commit(&product); } ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Prover​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#prover","content":"It's time to run the guest program and build the proof for a specific a and b values. prover/src/main.rs fn main() { // Pick two numbers. let a: u64 = 17; let b: u64 = 23; // First, we make the prover, loading the 'multiply' method. let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH) .expect("Method code should be present at the specified path."); let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID) .expect("Prover should be constructed.",); // Next we send a & b to the guest. prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice()); prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice()); // Run prover & generate receipt let receipt = prover.run() .expect("Valid code should be provable."); // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b) let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal) .expect("Journal output should deserialize."); // Print an assertion println!("I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!", c); // Verify receipt, panic if it's wrong. receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect( "Code you have proven should successfully verify.", ); // Convert journal to string and store on disk. let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap(); write_to_file("../data/journal", &journal); // Convert seal to string and store on disk. let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap(); write_to_file("../data/seal", &seal); // Convert method_id to string and store on disk. let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap(); write_to_file("../data/method", &result); } ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Verifier​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#verifier","content":"Now the verification step. Given the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method), Casper's smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written just for the demonstration, but in general you want METHOD_ID to be stored in your contract and both SEAL and JOURNAL to be passed to the contract via arguments from the outside. verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs // Import the proof and the method. const METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!("../../data/method"); const SEAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/seal"); const JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/journal"); // Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. #[odra::module] pub struct Verifier { result: Variable<String>, } #[odra::module] impl Verifier { // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification. pub fn verify(&mut self) { let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID); self.result.set(result); } // Result getter. pub fn result(&self) -> String { self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from("Not processed")) } } // The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it. fn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String { let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id); match result { Ok(()) => String::from("Ok"), Err(err) => format!("Error: {}", err.to_string()) } } ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Livenet results​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#livenet-results","content":"I have deployed it to the testnet and called the verify method. The result was Ok. Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper. Trustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :) The cost of running the verify method is 2324 CSPR. That's a lot, but we have to start somewhere. ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#what-next","content":"I think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving this forward. The community should discuss: Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over to Casper.Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper's FFI.Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome open-source project and gain the ZK expertise. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#join-us","content":"Interested in zero knowledge on Casper? Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"OpenAI​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#openai","content":"OpenAI already proved that AI can code. Github Copilot is used by more and more developers. Many times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is. It would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing: Q: Write the ERC20 smart contract. A: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}... So far OpenAI hasn't indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT. Q: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts? Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style. A: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not. Soon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box, simply because it is available on GitHub. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"DaVinci Edit​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#davinci-edit","content":"OpenAI gives us a great tool called Edit. It uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called Codex, OpenAI gives us access to the model code-davinci-edit-001. It allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes. See more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version here. But it doesn't know Odra. Luckily this is not a problem. I have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want. We simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"ERC20 by AI​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#erc20-by-ai","content":"The goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra. The Edit query needs two elements: source code,text that describes what should be changed. As the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use. I need odra::module, Variable, Mapping, caller(), Address, constructor, and errors. flipper.rs use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error}; #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { value: Variable<bool>, flips_count: Variable<u32>, owner: Variable<Address>, messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String> } #[odra::module] impl Flipper { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { self.value.set(false); self.owner.set(owner); } pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get_value()); self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default()); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> { self.owner.get() } pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) { let sender = contract_env::caller(); let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient)); match current_msg { Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined), None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg) } } pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String { self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient)) } } execution_error! { pub enum Error { MessageAlreadyDefined => 1, NotAnMessageSender => 2, } } ChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple. Q: Implement another smart contract called ERC20. Balances should be of type U256. This is the result. ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256}; #[odra::module] pub struct ERC20 { name: Variable<String>, symbol: Variable<String>, decimals: Variable<u8>, total_supply: Variable<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl ERC20 { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) { self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.total_supply.set(total_supply); self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply); } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&owner) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) { let from = contract_env::caller(); let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from); let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to); if from_balance < value { contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value); self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) { let caller = contract_env::caller(); let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from); let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to); let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller)); if from_balance < value { contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } if allowed < value { contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance); } self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value); self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value); self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) { let owner = contract_env::caller(); self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value); } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 { self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender)) } } execution_error! { pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance => 1, InsufficientAllowance => 2, } } Wow! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#what-is-next","content":"AI already understands smart contracts. It had to read a lot of Solidity code. I checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code. Most interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew from another programming language in the unseen Rust framework. At some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra. Or maybe we will not have to... It is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/release-020","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"A bit of history​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#a-bit-of-history","content":"More than a year ago Maciej Zieliński resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at CasperLabs. Along with Krzysztof Pobiarżyn and Kuba Płaskonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts. Looking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes. The first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now. It has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling. Whenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols. Fascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain. The second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly. Here developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near. The code written for one platform is not portable. The network effect never had a chance to arise. The main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability. We could paraphrase a bit and say: "One to bring them all and in the code bind them." ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra for Casper​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#odra-for-casper","content":"The very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper. In comparison to casper-contract API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level. The Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, Ink, or Near will feel like at home. We hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Framework​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#odra-framework","content":"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open source. Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains. A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this ecosystem. Let’s look at a Flipper contract, that holds a boolean value. The contract has a constructor that sets the initial value, and two entry points: flip() and get(), to change and query the current value, respectively. use odra::Variable; #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { value: Variable<bool>, } #[odra::module] impl Flipper { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } It comes with the CLI tool cargo-odra that makes it easy to use Odra. Neat and simple, isn't it? Do you like it? Start flowing with us! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#what-next","content":"Let's be honest, we are just starting. The codebase is still hot. On the other hand, we are happy with the interfaces we designed. Now is the time to write documentation and tutorials. We are also building the modules library inspired by OpenZeppelin. The security code audit is still ahead of us. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#join-us","content":"Check out the Odra GitHub repository for more info on how to get the most out of Odra. Should you have questions, join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.2.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.2.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.2.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.2.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.3.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.3.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.3.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.3.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"EVM at Risc0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Solidity​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#solidity","content":"As an example, I have this simple Solidity code. It is a calculator with two functions. One for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number. bytecode/Calculator.sol contract Calculator { function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) { return a + b; } function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) { if (n <= 1) { return n; } else { return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2); } } } It needs to be compiled into the byte code. solc can do this. $ solc \\ --bin-runtime \\ --optimize \\ --overwrite \\ --evm-version istanbul \\ --output-dir bytecode \\ bytecode/Calculator.sol It produces an EVM bytecode in the bytecode directory. $ ls bytecode/ Calculator.bin-runtime Calculator.sol ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"EVM​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#evm","content":"The EVM I used is SputnikVM. Most important it is written in pure Rust and even with no_std mode. This way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM. Then take the bytecode of a contract and install it. Finally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value. For now, it's just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later. The code is based on Sputnik's benchmark test. Huge thanks to Michael Birch for helping with Sputnik. Also make sure how EVM's function selectors work. evm-runner/src/lib.rs // Load previously compiled Calculator contract. pub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!( "../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime" ); // Run Calculator for a given input. pub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String { run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input) } // Run a program (contract) for a given input. fn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String { // Define EVM configuration. let config = Config::istanbul(); let vicinity = MemoryVicinity { gas_price: U256::zero(), origin: H160::default(), block_hashes: Vec::new(), block_number: Default::default(), block_coinbase: Default::default(), block_timestamp: Default::default(), block_difficulty: Default::default(), block_gas_limit: Default::default(), chain_id: U256::one(), block_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(), }; // Initialized the state of EVM's memory. let mut state = BTreeMap::new(); // Add our contract under the 0x10 address. state.insert( H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), MemoryAccount { nonce: U256::one(), balance: U256::from(10000000), storage: BTreeMap::new(), code: hex::decode(program).unwrap(), } ); // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller. state.insert( H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), MemoryAccount { nonce: U256::one(), balance: U256::from(10000000), storage: BTreeMap::new(), code: Vec::new(), }, ); // Prepare the executor. let backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state); let metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config); let state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend); let precompiles = BTreeMap::new(); let mut executor = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles); // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user. // Use the input variable. let (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call( H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), U256::zero(), hex::decode(input).unwrap(), u64::MAX, Vec::new(), ); // Make sure the execution succeeded. assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned)); // Return hex encoded string. hex::encode(result) } Let's execute it. In below tests the data variable hold two things: function selector and arguments. For example 61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ais concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument. It is just fibonacci(10). a is hex of 10 and 37 is hex of 52. evm-runner/src/lib.rs #[test] fn fibonacci_works() { let data = "61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a"; let result = run_calc_contract(data); assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037"); } #[test] fn addition_works() { let data = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"; let result = run_calc_contract(data); assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009"); } ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Risc0​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#risc0","content":"It's time for risc0. First the guest program. It is super simple. It takes a string as an argument, passes it to the run_calc_contractand returns the result. methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs #![no_main] #![no_std] extern crate alloc; use alloc::{string::String}; use risc0_zkvm::guest::{env}; use evm_runner::run_calc_contract; risc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main); pub fn main() { let input: String = env::read(); let result = run_calc_contract(&input); env::commit(&result); } The final step is calling it under ZK. host/src/main.rs fn main() { println!("Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)"); let input = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"; let result = run_prover(input); println!("Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}"); println!("Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)"); let input = "61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004"; let result = run_prover(input); println!("Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}"); } fn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 { // Make the prover. let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap(); let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap(); // Push the input as an argument. prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice()); // Execute the prover. let receipt = prover.run().unwrap(); // Verify the proof. assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok()); // Return result as an u32 value. let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap(); u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap() } $ cargo run --release -p host Proving Calculator.add(7, 2) Proof generated. 7 + 2 = 9 Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4) Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3 ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#conclusion","content":"How amazing and mindblowing it is! Of course, it's just a proof of concept. Yet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and with more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#join-us","content":"Interested? Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.3.1/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.3.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.3.1/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.3.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Nysa","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/Nysa","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#odra","content":"A short reminder: Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ... it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. Odra Understanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we've kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group. A Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as: ConstructorsPayable functionsMappingsRevertsCurrent callerCurrent block timeA standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)And more note It's important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain. Ultimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust. Having so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code? This is where Nysa comes into play. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Nysa​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#nysa","content":"Solidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default. Nysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps. Solidity Parser Firstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes LALRPOP - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions. solidity-parser/src/pt.rs // The representation of a Solidity contract #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)] pub struct ContractDefinition { pub doc: Vec<DocComment>, pub loc: Loc, pub ty: ContractTy, pub name: Identifier, pub base: Vec<Base>, pub parts: Vec<ContractPart>, } C3 Linearization One of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says No, thx, whereas Solidity opts for The more, the better. Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with C3 linearization. info The primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined. For simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an implementation of the C3 linearization in Rust written by Maciej Zieliński, so everything stays in the Odra family. Nysa Parser After that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code. For example, a Solidity event. event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value); can easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { from: Option<Address>, to: Option<Address>, value: U256, } The same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc. Here is a snippet of the expression parser: nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs pub fn parse<T>(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result<syn::Expr, ParserError> where T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext, { match expression { Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx), Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)), Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx), Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx), Expression::Increment { expr } => { let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?; Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1)) } Expression::ExternalCall { variable, fn_name, args, } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx), Expression::Type { ty } => { let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?; Ok(parse_quote!(#ty)) } Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)), ... } } Printing the code The last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file. And there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Nysa + Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#nysa--odra","content":"By design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation. However, the default implementation is OdraParser, which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module. I hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler flow into Odra. ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#examples","content":"","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Status message​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#status-message","content":"Let's get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message. To set up the project, we use cargo odra. cargo odra new -n status -t blank cd status The first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary build.rs where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa. Cargo.toml [build-dependencies] nysa = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["builder"] } build.rs const DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.rs"; const SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.sol"; fn main() { nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH); } Next, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one. src/status_message.sol // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.19; contract StatusMessage { mapping(address => string) records; function setStatus(string memory status) public payable { address accountId = msg.sender; records[accountId] = status; } function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) { return records[accountId]; } } The contract has a single mapping records that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: setStatus (sets current's sender message) and getStatus. Following, let's define a lib.rs file. src/lib.rs mod status_message; pub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef}; #[cfg(test)] mod test; The file is straightforward: registers a status_message rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module. Lastly, we can test our contract. Like the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: set_message() and get_message(). The test code looks like any other Odra test: we use StatusMessageDeployer to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract. src/test.rs use odra::{test_env, types::Address}; use super::*; const ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1); #[test] fn set_get_message() { let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default(); test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT()); contract.set_status("hello".to_string()); assert_eq!("hello".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))); } #[test] fn get_nonexistent_message() { let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default(); assert_eq!( String::new(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())) ); } cargo odra test # test against MockVM # or cargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM status-message ├── src │ ├── lib.rs │ ├── status_message.sol │ └── test.rs ├── build.rs ├── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml Full example available here. ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"CappedErc20​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#cappederc20","content":"A more complex, real-world example is a CappedErc20 contract. It is a ERC20 Ownable, Burnable and Capped token contract. plascoin.sol // ... // rest of the code contract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable { constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) { } function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner { _mint(account, amount); } function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) { super._update(from, to, value); } } You can check out the full source code here. Deployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. # to make sure the contract works as expected # we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests cargo odra test -b casper # deploy onto the testnet casper-client put-deploy --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}} --chain-name casper-test --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \\ --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \\ --payment-amount 130000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='{{name}}'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string='{{symbol}}'" \\ --session-arg "cap:u256='{{cap}}'" \\ --session-arg "initial_owner:opt_key='{{owner}}'" Literally in 5 minutes I was able to: Build a wasm file from Solidity source codeSuccessfully deploy the contract onto Testnet,Mint some tokens,And transfer them. Finally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa's efficiency. action\tCEP-18\tNysadeploy\t143.87\t93.37 transfer\t1.29\t1.36 ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#conclusion","content":"Nysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.5.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.5.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.5.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.5.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.4.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.4.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.4.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.4.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra + CosmWasm","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"CosmWasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#cosmwasm","content":"CosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem. The platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code. It uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend. There are many blockchains like Osmosis, Secret Network, Juno that utilize CosmWasm. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Show me your code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#show-me-your-code","content":"I would like to write a Counter smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible. What are the requirements? It should store a u32 value. The initial value it set by the contract deployer.The value can be incremented.The value can read from the storage.The contract can call another contract and increment its counter. So let's write an Odra module first. counter.rs use odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env}; use self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated}; #[odra::module] pub struct Counter { pub value: Variable<u32> } #[odra::module] impl Counter { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) { self.value.set(value); <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init { value, }); } pub fn increment(&mut self) { let old_value = self.value.get_or_default(); let new_value = old_value + 1; self.value.set(new_value); ValueUpdated { old_value, new_value, operator: contract_env::caller() }.emit(); } pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) { CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } mod events { use odra::types::Address; #[derive(odra::Event)] pub struct ValueUpdated { pub old_value: u32, pub new_value: u32, pub operator: Address } #[derive(odra::Event)] pub struct Init { pub value: u32, } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn deploy() { let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10); assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value()); } #[test] fn increment() { let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10); counter.increment(); assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value()); } } But wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I? Here the beauty of Odra comes into play. Let's use cargo-odra. cargo odra build -b cosmos And... that's it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract. As you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the -b flag. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploy​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#deploy","content":"We have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract? As a battlefield let's choose Juno Network (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this Quick Start tutorial). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone wasmd, and its interface is alike. Assuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let's move to the fun part. But before we go, to keep things simple, let's prepare a justfile. It'll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See full version. justfile NODE := "--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443" CHAIN_ID := "--chain-id uni-6" QUERY_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := "--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block" EXEC_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID + " " + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS get-address NAME: junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.* store-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER: junod tx wasm store \\ {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}} init-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME: junod tx wasm instantiate \\ {{CODE_ID}} \\ `just run-args-parser '{"name": "init", "args": [ { "value" : {{VALUE}} }]}'` \\ --label '{{CONTRACT_NAME}}' --from {{SENDER}} \\ --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \\ {{EXEC_FLAGS}} exec-increment ADDRESS SENDER: junod tx wasm execute \\ {{ADDRESS}} \\ `just run-args-parser '{"name": "increment"}'` \\ --from {{SENDER}} \\ {{EXEC_FLAGS}} query-get-value ADDRESS: junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \\ `just run-args-parser '{"name": "get_value"}'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}} Ok, we are ready to go. First, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that). There are three ways to interact with a contract. Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address.Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state.Query - read the contract's state. Now, let's take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared. # args: # the path to a wasm file, # the name under we store the private key. just store-wasm counter.wasm odra ... raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"store_code","attributes":[{"key":"code_checksum","value":"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]}]}]' ... txhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B Great, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the code_id which we will use to initialize the contract. # args: # code id taken from the previous tx, # counter initial value, # named private key, # contract label. just init-contract 286 1 odra "My Counter" ... raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"instantiate","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]},{"type":"wasm-Init","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]}]}]' ... txhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26 Fantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g. It's time to increment the counter. # args: # contract address taken from the previous tx, # named private key just exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra ... raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"execute","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"action","value":"increment"}]},{"type":"wasm-ValueUpdated","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"old_value","value":"1"},{"key":"new_value","value":"2"},{"key":"operator","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]}]}]' ... txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 Finally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once). # args: # contract address just query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g data: 2 Indeed, as expected the current counter value is 2. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Show me your transaction​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#show-me-your-transaction","content":"I get it, you don't want to do it all by yourself. So let's take a closer look at one of my transactions. junod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6 ... logs: - events: - attributes: - key: _contract_address value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g type: execute - attributes: - key: action value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract - key: module value: wasm - key: sender value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh type: message - attributes: - key: _contract_address value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g - key: action value: increment type: wasm - attributes: - key: _contract_address value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g - key: old_value value: "1" - key: new_value value: "2" - key: operator value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh type: wasm-ValueUpdated ... txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 If you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing the performed action (increment) (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute). We can find here also our ValueUpdated event with its arguments old_value, new_value and operator. Wow, we have it, everything worked as intended! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#conclusion","content":"Wouldn't it be great to replace Casper Erc20 and Cosmos Erc20 with a super-simple single Odra Erc20 implementation? The Counter contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us. This simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls can be unified in a simple readable interface. CosmWasm integration hasn't been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself, check our GitHub (don't forget to update cargo-odra as well). ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#join-us","content":"Interested? Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.6.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.6.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.6.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.6.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.7.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.7.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.7.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.7.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.8.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.8.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.8.1/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building contracts manually","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Building the contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#building-the-contract-manually","content":"To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract info Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build. Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under the name my_project_build_contract.wasm. The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file: mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Optimizing the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#optimizing-the-contract","content":"To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool: wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used. wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm danger This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not fully compatible with the Casper execution engine. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Running the tests manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#running-the-tests-manually","content":"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. To run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used: ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Wrapping up​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#wrapping-up","content":"Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project. To do that, we can use the following set of commands: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Attributes","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#payable","content":"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#example","content":"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env() .emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Non Reentrant​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#non-reentrant","content":"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions. In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#example-1","content":"#[odra::module] pub struct NonReentrantCounter { counter: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl NonReentrantCounter { #[odra(non_reentrant)] pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) { if n > 0 { self.count(); ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1); } } } impl NonReentrantCounter { fn count(&mut self) { let c = self.counter.get_or_default(); self.counter.set(c + 1); } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError}; #[test] fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11); assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into()); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Mixing attributes​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#mixing-attributes","content":"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. To apply multiple attributes, you can write: #[odra(payable, non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } or #[odra(payable)] #[odra(non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } In both cases attributes order does not matter. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Recap and Basic Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#recap-and-basic-concepts","content":"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values. Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract. Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key. List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over. If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-storage-concepts-1","content":"","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Sequence​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#sequence","content":"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. pub struct Sequence<T> where T: Num + One + OdraType { value: Var<T> } The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Advanced Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-mapping","content":"In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type derived from odra::OdraType. However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state. Let's consider the following example: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken; #[odra::module] pub struct Mappings { strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>, tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken> } #[odra::module] impl Mappings { ... pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 { self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply() } pub fn get_string_api( &self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String ) -> String { let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3)); opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()) } } As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value. note Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers. Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule. Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"AdvancedStorage Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#advancedstorage-contract","content":"The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts. use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::modules::Token; #[odra::module] pub struct AdvancedStorage { counter: Sequence<u32>, tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>, } impl AdvancedStorage { pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 { self.counter.get_current_value() } pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 { self.counter.next_value() } pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 { let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.balance_of(&address) } pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) { let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.mint(amount, to); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#conclusion","content":"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are: Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage Layout","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Casper VM Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#casper-vm-perspective","content":"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays. Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look like: pub trait CasperStorage { fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>; fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>); } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#odra-perspective","content":"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider this straightforward storage definition: #[odra::module] pub struct Token { name: Var<String>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256> } The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String andbalances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys andU256 as values. The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more complex example: #[odra::module] pub struct Loans { lenders: SubModule<Token>, borrowers: SubModule<Token>, } The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees thatlenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage dictionary. Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout operates. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Key generation.​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#key-generation","content":"Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module. While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual implementation. Loans { lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0000 name: 0, // key: 0x0000_0000 balances: 1 // key: 0x0000_0001 }, borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001 name: 0, // key: 0x0001_0000 balances: 1 // key: 0x0001_0001 } } Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in thestorage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as demonstrated in the example. For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a key: 0x0001_0001_1234_abcd Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then encoded in hexadecimal format. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Value serialization​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#value-serialization","content":"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper'sBytes types. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Memory allocators","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Using a different allocator​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Memory allocators","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator#using-a-different-allocator","content":"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project: [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] } If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#contract-env","content":"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#events","content":"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity. Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed: __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.__events_length - the evens count.__events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas. Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key. So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract. A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[derive(Event)]. note Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])]. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#payable","content":"The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key. Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse. Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts. The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value(). note Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Revert​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#revert","content":"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Context​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#context","content":"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack. The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#test-env","content":"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine. In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000). The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value. Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#usage","content":"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -bparameter: cargo odra test -b casper If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run: cargo odra build -b casper ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a contract to Casper network​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network","content":"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool or using the Odra's Livenet integration. Let's explore the first option to better understand the process. note If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"WASM arguments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#wasm-arguments","content":"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set: odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable. Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments. When working with the test env via cargo odra or when usingLivenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather usecasper-client directly, you have to pass them manually: ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy Counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#example-deploy-counter","content":"To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:42" For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC721​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc721","content":"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory. Firstly contract needs to be compiled. cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory. Now it's time to deploy the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \\ --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'" It's done. The contract is deployed and ready to use. Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC721 module. To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key in your account's named keys. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC1155​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc1155","content":"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section. Contract compilation: cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token Contract deployment: casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Sending CSPR to a contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#sending-cspr-to-a-contract","content":"Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section. What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract. Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasmwe maintain. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using proxy_caller.wasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm","content":"To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments: contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse. Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. You have to build it using your SDK. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#execution","content":"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OdraVM","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm#usage","content":"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run cargo odra test You are running your code against it. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Architecture​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm#architecture","content":"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State. The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address. Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM. Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm#execution","content":"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is a backend?","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env","content":"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract. It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - for example, to implement Mapping, Odra requires some kind of storage integration. The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, instead of messing with the blockchain internals. Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#host-env","content":"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests. This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#whats-next","content":"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Delegate","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Overview​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate#overview","content":"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand. You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate#code-examples","content":"Consider the following basic example for better understanding: use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::{Module, SubModule}, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256); pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256); pub fn name(&self) -> String; pub fn symbol(&self) -> String; pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8; pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality. The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities. Let's take a look at another example. use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct DeFiPlatform { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20>, exchange: SubModule<Exchange> } #[odra::module] impl DeFiPlatform { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); self.exchange.init(exchange_rate); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; } to self.exchange { pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address); pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure. Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cargo Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Managing projects​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#managing-projects","content":"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}: cargo odra new --name my-project This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder: [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running: cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created with the full template. By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter: cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.1 # will use a version released on crates.io The second way of creating a project is by using init command: cargo odra init --name my-project It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project in the current, empty directory. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#generating-code","content":"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command: cargo odra generate -c counter This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, visit Odra.toml. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#testing","content":"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one: cargo odra test It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVMand implements all the features Odra uses. When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -boption: cargo odra test -b casper In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat. Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end. If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command (which is run in the background obviously): cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute: cargo odra test -- two Of course, you can do the same when using the backend: cargo odra test -b casper -- two ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#building-code","content":"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. To do so, simply run: cargo odra build If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. Notice, that this command does not require the -b option. If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option: cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating contract schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#generating-contract-schema","content":"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command: cargo odra schema This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you. Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created for us and explain their purpose. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Communication","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Host Communication","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code we presented in fact works! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Setup​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#setup","content":"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from examples folder: # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used # to deploy the contracts. # We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit # the secret key to the repository. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777 # Chain name of the network. Known values: # - integration-test ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test # Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts. # Main secret key will be 0th account. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. Let's go through the code: fn main() { // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize // the environment: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the // OdraVM backend. let owner = env.caller(); // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain, // so we need to provide them // if we did not import their secret keys. let recipient = "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Arguments for the contract init method. let name = String::from("Plascoin"); let symbol = String::from("PLS"); let decimals = 10u8; let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000); // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify // the gas limit for each action. // The limit will be used for every consecutive action // until we change it. env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64); // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend. let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply: Some(initial_supply) }; let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args); // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend. println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Uncomment to load existing contract. // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract // that is already deployed. // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address); // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later. println!("Token name: {}", token.name()); // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment, // so we change the amount of gas env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64); token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000)); println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner)); println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient)); } note The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of theCargo.toml file: [bin] name = "erc20_on_livenet" path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#usage","content":"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled: cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet note Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file. A part of a sample output should look like this: ... 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 💁 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed. Owner's balance: 4004 Recipient's balance: 4000 Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant and cost us nothing. How it is possible? info You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example can be seen here. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"How Livenet backend works​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#how-livenet-backend-works","content":"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free. This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free. Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract (see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Multiple enviroments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#multiple-enviroments","content":"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, multiple nodes or even multiple chains. To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will override the value from the .env file. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Directory structure","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#cargotoml","content":"Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file: [package] name = "sample" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.1" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.1" [[bin]] name = "sample_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "sample_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also added as a dev dependency. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#odratoml","content":"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build andcargo odra test: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"src/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#src","content":"This is the folder where your smart contract files live. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"bin/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#bin","content":"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"target/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#target","content":"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"wasm/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#wasm","content":"WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files and deploy them on the blockchain. What's next Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, namely the Odra.toml file. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Errors","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors#testing-errors","content":"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner: examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs}; use odra::host::Deployer; use odra::prelude::*; #[test] fn test_owner_error() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let owner = test_env.get_account(0); let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1); test_env.set_caller(owner); let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs { name: "OwnedContract".to_string() }; let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner); assert_eq!( owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()), Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into()) ); } } Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult.OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name. In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into(). ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors#whats-next","content":"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cross calls","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract Ref​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls#contract-ref","content":"We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract. In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts. Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, by the #[odra::module] attribute. To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above. The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module]impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract. External Contracts Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI. For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of. Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere. #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Adder { fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32; } Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5) ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Loading the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls#loading-the-contract","content":"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer: examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef { let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address) } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls#testing","content":"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_cross_calls() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let init_args = CrossContractInitArgs { math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address() }; let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8); } } Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_ext() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5) assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3); } fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address { let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs); *contract.address() } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper Internals","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Header​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#header","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Struct​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#struct","content":"flipper.rs /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something likeVar<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at thenext article. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Impl​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#impl","content":"flipper.rs /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } ... Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take allpub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked with pub will be not callable. The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it. flipper.rs ... /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } ... The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#tests","content":"flipper.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } ... You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of the InitArgs trait provided with the framework. The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#whats-next","content":"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules#testing","content":"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple: examples/src/features/modules.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::ModulesContractHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules#whats-next","content":"We will see how to handle native token transfers. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Adding a new contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml#adding-a-new-contract-manually","content":"Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly. For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally look like this: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Counter" ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famousFlipper contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events#testing-events","content":"Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted: examples/src/features/events.rs use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_party() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); test_env.emitted_event( party_contract.address(), &PartyStarted { caller: test_env.get_account(0), block_time: 0 } ); // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted"); // You can also check how many events were emitted. assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1); } To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Native token","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token#testing","content":"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function -balance_of: examples/src/features/native_token.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::PublicWalletHostRef; use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero()); my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit(); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100)); my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25)); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75)); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage interaction","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Var​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#var","content":"The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract { barks: Var<bool>, weight: Var<u32>, name: Var<String>, walks: Var<Vec<u32>>, } You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)! Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs use odra::Var; #[odra::module] impl DogContract { pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) { self.barks.set(barks); self.weight.set(weight); self.name.set(name); self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default()); } pub fn barks(&self) -> bool { self.barks.get_or_default() } pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 { self.weight.get_or_default() } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() as u32 } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.iter().sum() } } As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs ... self.barks.get_or_default() ... note Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable doesn't have to be initialized! To modify the data, use the set() function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs self.barks.set(barks); A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage. In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() } But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, especially for larger sets of data. To tackle this issue following two types were created. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#mapping","content":"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract2 { name: Var<String>, friends: Mapping<String, u32>, } In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values (amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) { let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone()); self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1); } pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 { self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name) } The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type. note If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with a Var working together: core/src/list.rs use odra::{List, Var}; pub struct List<T> { values: Mapping<u32, T>, index: Var<u32> } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"List​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#list","content":"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, we'll use the list: examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract3 { name: Var<String>, walks: List<u32>, } As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk (it writes the data to the storage): examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract3 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.len() } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.iter().sum() } pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) { self.walks.push(length); } } Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all the cases for you. info All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Custom Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#custom-types","content":"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors. Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: use odra::{Address, OdraType}; #[derive(OdraType)] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } note Each field of your struct must be an OdraType. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing#hostenv","content":"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works: examples/src/features/testing.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*}; #[test] fn env() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract".to_string() }; let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator = testing_contract.created_by(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract2".to_string() }; let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by(); assert_ne!(creator, creator2); } } In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_callerto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller()the function we are calling inside the contract. HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests: fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just nowfn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given addressfn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_timefn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; by default, you start with the 0-th accountfn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing#whats-next","content":"We take a look at how Odra handles errors! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"odra-examples","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"odra-examples","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installation","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#prerequisites","content":"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine: Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt) We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves. With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown note wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installing Cargo Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#installing-cargo-odra","content":"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed. To install it, simply execute the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --locked To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type: cargo odra --help If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Creating a new Odra project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#creating-a-new-odra-project","content":"To create a new project, simply execute: cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract by executing: cargo odra test This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM: cargo odra test -b casper Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#whats-next","content":"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper example","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Let's flip​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper#lets-flip","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; /// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings /// or/and another modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } /// Retrieves value from the storage. /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned. pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } #[test] fn test_two_flippers() { let env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); contract1.flip(); assert!(contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper#testing","content":"To run the tests, execute the following command: cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper#whats-next","content":"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Access Control","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#code","content":"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer. A Role type is used across the module.A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.A Role can be renounced.A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.Each action triggers an event.Unauthorized access stops contract execution. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Project Structure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#project-structure","content":"access-control ├── src │ ├── access │ │ ├── access_control.rs │ │ ├── events.rs │ │ └── errors.rs │ └── lib.rs |── build.rs |── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#events-and-errors","content":"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions. events.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Event}; use super::access_control::Role; #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct RoleGranted { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct RoleRevoked { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct RoleAdminChanged { pub role: Role, pub previous_admin_role: Role, pub new_admin_role: Role } L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role. errors.rs use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { MissingRole = 20_000, RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001, } Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#module","content":"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation. access_control.rs use super::events::*; use super::errors::Error; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{module::Module, Address, Mapping}; pub type Role = [u8; 32]; pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32]; #[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])] pub struct AccessControl { roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>, role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role> } #[odra::module] impl AccessControl { pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool { self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address)) } pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role { let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role); if let Some(admin) = admin_role { admin } else { DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE } } pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address); } pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if address != &self.env().caller() { self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress); } self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } } impl AccessControl { pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole); } } pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) { let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role); self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role); self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged { role: *role, previous_admin_role, new_admin_role: *admin_role }); } pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true); self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false); self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } } L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings: roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role. L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Using odra-modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Available modules​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#available-modules","content":"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#tokens","content":"Erc20​ The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard. Erc721​ The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions. The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs. The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules. Erc1155​ The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension. The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules. Wrapped native token​ The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, it was inspired by the WETH. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Access​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#access","content":"AccessControl​ This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API. Ownable​ This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner. The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using thetransfer_ownership() function. Ownable2Step​ An extension of the Ownable module. Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Security​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#security","content":"Pausable​ A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"ERC-20","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Ownable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: storing a single value,defining a constructor,error handling,defining and emitting events.registering a contact in a test environment,interactions with the test environment,assertions (value, events, errors assertions). ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#code","content":"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement. Module has an initializer that should be called once. Only the current owner can set a new owner.Read the current owner.A function that fails if called by a non-owner account. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Define a module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#define-a-module","content":"ownable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] pub struct Ownable { owner: Var<Option<Address>> } That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on. L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Init the module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#init-the-module","content":"ownable.rs ... use odra::{Event, OdraError}; ... #[odra::module] impl Ownable { pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized) } self.owner.set(Some(owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner }); } } #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1, } #[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct OwnershipChanged { pub prev_owner: Option<Address>, pub new_owner: Address } Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one: L7 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].L9 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.L23-26 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the OdraError derive macro is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.L10-L12 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument. L14 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.L28-L32 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.L16 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Features implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#features-implementation","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { ... pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) { if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() { self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner) } } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); let current_owner = self.get_owner(); self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(current_owner), new_owner: *new_owner }); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { match self.owner.get_or_default() { Some(owner) => owner, None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized) } } } #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { NotOwner = 1, OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2, OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3, } The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along. L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#test","content":"ownable.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}; fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) { let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OwnableInitArgs { owner: env.get_account(0) }; (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0)) } #[test] fn initialization_works() { let (ownable, env, owner) = setup(); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner } ); } #[test] fn owner_can_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(owner); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(owner), new_owner } ); } #[test] fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!( ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), Err(Error::NotOwner.into()) ); } } L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract. note You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract. L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function. note The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account. L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#summary","content":"The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#whats-next","content":"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: Advanced storage using key-value pairs,Odra types such as Address,Advanced event assertion. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#code","content":"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. It is designed to store the following data: Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.Total supply.Balances of individual users.Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#module-definition","content":"erc20.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Metadata​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#metadata","content":"erc20.rs ... use odra::Event; ... #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.symbol.get_or_default() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.decimals.get_or_default() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } } impl Erc20 { pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } L6 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.L8-L14 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.L33 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.L34-L43 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for: use odra::UnwrapOrRevert; let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default(); let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()); self.balances.set(address, new_balance); ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Core​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#core","content":"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks. erc20.rs ... use odra::OdraError; #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { ... pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } } impl Erc20 { ... fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner); if *amount > owner_balance { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } let new_allowance = allowance - *amount; self.allowances .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 1, InsufficientAllowance = 2, } Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation? ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#test","content":"erc20.rs #[cfg(test)] pub mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}}; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } #[test] fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, recipient, spender) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let approved_amount = 3_000.into(); let transfer_amount = 1_000.into(); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY)); // Owner approves Spender. erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount); // Allowance was recorded. assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount } )); // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient. env.set_caller(spender); erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount); // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount ); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer")); } #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { // Given a new instance. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the spender's allowance is zero. let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); // Then transfer fails. assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } } L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#whats-next","content":"Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#contract","content":"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout. The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping. We will expose two methods: The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping. custom_item.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, OdraType, SubModule, Var}; // A custom type with a vector of another custom type #[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } // The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule #[odra::module] pub struct CustomItem { version: Var<u32>, meta: Var<Metadata>, data: SubModule<Data> } #[odra::module] impl CustomItem { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) { let meta = Metadata { name, description, prices: vec![ Price { value: price_1 }, Price { value: price_2 } ] }; self.meta.set(meta); self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1); } pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) { self.data.value.set(value); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20); } } // A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule #[odra::module] struct Data { value: Var<u32>, inner: SubModule<InnerData>, } // A submodule with a mapping #[odra::module] struct InnerData { named_values: Mapping<String, u32>, } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#deploying-the-contract","content":"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file. cargo odra build -c custom_item Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\ --payment-amount 100000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \\ --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \\ --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \\ --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'" Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 2000000000 \\ --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\ --session-entry-point "set_data" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \\ --session-arg "name2:string='bob'" ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Storage Layout​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#storage-layout","content":"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout. The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. Storage Layout CustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1 data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) + 0 inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0 The actual key is obtained as follows: Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.Concatenate the index with the mapping data.Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded). In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Reading the state​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#reading-the-state","content":"RustTypeScript main.rs use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity}; use casper_types::{ bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes}, U256, }; // replace with your contract hash const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-..."; const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc"; const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1"; const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state"; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> { let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, None, ) .await .unwrap() .result .state_root_hash .unwrap(); // Read the value from the `state` dictionary. let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, state_root_hash, DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey { key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(), dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(), dictionary_item_key: key, }, ) .await .unwrap() .result .stored_value; // We expect the value to be a CLValue if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result { // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType. cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec() } else { vec![] } } async fn metadata() -> Metadata { // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data let key = key(1, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the name and store the remaining bytes let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // Read the description and store the remaining bytes let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); let mut prices = vec![]; // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it for _ in 0..size { // Read the value and store the remaining bytes let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); bytes = rem; prices.push(Price { value }); } // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic. // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here. Metadata { name, description, prices } } async fn value() -> u32 { // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data let key = key(2 << 4, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 { // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap(); let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } fn main() { let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap(); dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(value())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice"))); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob"))); } // The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data // The algorithm is as follows: // 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array // 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data // 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b // 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded) fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String { let mut key = Vec::new(); key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref()); key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data); let hashed_key = blake2b(&key); hex::encode(&hashed_key) } fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] { let mut result = [0u8; 32]; let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32) .expect("should create hasher"); let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes); blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result) .expect("should copy hash to the result array"); result } cargo run [src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata { name: "My Contract", description: "My Description", prices: [ Price { value: 123, }, Price { value: 321, }, ], } [src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666 [src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20 [src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10 ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.9.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.9.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.9.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.9.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.9.1/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.9.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.9.1/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.9.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Pausable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#code","content":"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module. Check the state - is it paused or not.State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.Switch the state. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events and Error​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#events-and-error","content":"There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way. Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser. pauseable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Event, OdraError}; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { PausedRequired = 1_000, UnpausedRequired = 1_001, } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Paused { pub account: Address } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Unpaused { pub account: Address } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#module-definition","content":"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused. pauseable.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])] pub struct Pausable { is_paused: Var<bool> } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Checks and guards​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#checks-and-guards","content":"Now, let's move to state checks and guards. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool { self.is_paused.get_or_default() } pub fn require_not_paused(&self) { if self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired); } } pub fn require_paused(&self) { if !self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired); } } } L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Actions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#actions","content":"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.require_not_paused(); self.is_paused.set(true); self.env().emit_event(Paused { account: self.env().caller() }); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.require_paused(); self.is_paused.set(false); self.env().emit_event(Unpaused { account: self.env().caller() }); } } pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused). ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#pausable-counter","content":"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused). pauseable.rs ... use odra::SubModule; ... #[odra::module] pub struct PausableCounter { value: Var<u32>, pauseable: SubModule<Pausable> } #[odra::module] impl PausableCounter { pub fn increment(&mut self) { self.pauseable.require_not_paused(); let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1; self.value.set(new_value); } pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.pause(); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.unpause(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn increment_only_if_unpaused() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); contract.increment(); contract.pause(); assert_eq!( contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(), Error::UnpausedRequired.into() ); assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1); } } As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/next/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Recap and Basic Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#recap-and-basic-concepts","content":"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values. Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract. Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key. List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over. If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-storage-concepts-1","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Sequence​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#sequence","content":"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. pub struct Sequence<T> where T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped { value: Var<T> } The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Advanced Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-mapping","content":"In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state. Let's consider the following example: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken; #[odra::module] pub struct Mappings { strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>, tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken> } #[odra::module] impl Mappings { ... pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 { self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply() } pub fn get_string_api( &self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String ) -> String { let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3)); opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()) } } As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value. note Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers. Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule. Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"AdvancedStorage Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#advancedstorage-contract","content":"The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts. use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::modules::Token; #[odra::module] pub struct AdvancedStorage { counter: Sequence<u32>, tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>, } impl AdvancedStorage { pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 { self.counter.get_current_value() } pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 { self.counter.next_value() } pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 { let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.balance_of(&address) } pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) { let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.mint(amount, to); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#conclusion","content":"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are: Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Attributes","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#payable","content":"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#example","content":"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env() .emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Non Reentrant​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#non-reentrant","content":"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions. In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#example-1","content":"#[odra::module] pub struct NonReentrantCounter { counter: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl NonReentrantCounter { #[odra(non_reentrant)] pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) { if n > 0 { self.count(); ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1); } } } impl NonReentrantCounter { fn count(&mut self) { let c = self.counter.get_or_default(); self.counter.set(c + 1); } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError}; #[test] fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11); assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into()); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Mixing attributes​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#mixing-attributes","content":"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. To apply multiple attributes, you can write: #[odra(payable, non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } or #[odra(payable)] #[odra(non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } In both cases attributes order does not matter. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building contracts manually","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Building the contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#building-the-contract-manually","content":"To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract info Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build. Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under the name my_project_build_contract.wasm. The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file: mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Optimizing the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#optimizing-the-contract","content":"To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool: wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used. wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm danger This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not fully compatible with the Casper execution engine. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Running the tests manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#running-the-tests-manually","content":"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. To run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used: ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Wrapping up​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#wrapping-up","content":"Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project. To do that, we can use the following set of commands: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OwnedToken","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#code","content":"What should our module be capable of? Conform the Erc20 interface.Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.Enable the current owner to designate a new owner. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#module-definition","content":"Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules. owned_token.rs use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::module::SubModule; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Delegation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#delegation","content":"owned_token.rs ... use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; ... #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.erc20.name() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.erc20.symbol() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.erc20.decimals() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.erc20.total_supply() } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.balance_of(address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.approve(spender, amount); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { self.ownable.get_owner() } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner); } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness: L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#summary","content":"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Memory allocators","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Using a different allocator​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Memory allocators","url":"/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator#using-a-different-allocator","content":"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project: [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] } If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage Layout","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Casper VM Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#casper-vm-perspective","content":"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays. Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look like: pub trait CasperStorage { fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>; fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>); } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#odra-perspective","content":"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider this straightforward storage definition: #[odra::module] pub struct Token { name: Var<String>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256> } The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String andbalances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys andU256 as values. The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more complex example: #[odra::module] pub struct Loans { lenders: SubModule<Token>, borrowers: SubModule<Token>, } The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees thatlenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage dictionary. Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout operates. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Key generation.​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#key-generation","content":"Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module. While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual implementation. Loans { lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0001 name: 1, // key: 0x0001_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0001_0010 }, borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010 name: 1, // key: 0x0010_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0010_0010 } } Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in thestorage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as demonstrated in the example. For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a key: 0x0001_0001_1234_abcd Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then encoded in hexadecimal format. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Value serialization​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#value-serialization","content":"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper'sBytes types. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Delegate","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Overview​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate#overview","content":"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand. You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate#code-examples","content":"Consider the following basic example for better understanding: use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256); fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; fn decimals(&self) -> u8; fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality. The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities. Let's take a look at another example. use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct DeFiPlatform { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20>, exchange: SubModule<Exchange> } #[odra::module] impl DeFiPlatform { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); self.exchange.init(exchange_rate); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; } to self.exchange { fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address); fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure. Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Add bin directory​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#21-add-bin-directory","content":"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory. You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-cargotoml","content":"There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file. You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.Register bins you added in the previous step.Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process. Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0: 0.8.0Prev [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.0" [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-odratoml","content":"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required. 0.8.0Prev [[contracts]] fqn = "my_project::Flipper" ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.3. Update Smart Contracts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#23-update-smart-contracts","content":"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​ Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.Variable is now Var.Remove odra::contract_env.Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;. 2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​ Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.BlockTime - use u64.EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes. 2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​ 2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​ // Before #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>> } // After #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } 2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​ execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro. 0.8.0Prev use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.3.6. Update events definitions.​ 0.8.0Prev use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Event; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } // Emitting the event self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); 2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​ self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes. fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions. fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed. 2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​ 0.8.0Prev #[odra::module(events = [Transfer])] pub struct Erc721Token { core: SubModule<Erc721Base>, metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable> } 2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​ However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()). 0.8.0Prev #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Token { fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256; } // Usage TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account) 2.3.10. Update constructors.​ Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init. 2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​ The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter. 2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​ Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.4. Update Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#24-update-tests","content":"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.4.1. Contract deployment.​ The way you deploy a contract has changed: You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function. 0.8.0Prev // A contract without init args use super::OwnableHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs) // A contract with init args use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) }; let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); 2.4.2. Host interactions.​ Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences: test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef. 2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​ test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result.try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro. 0.8.0Prev #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } 2.4.4. Testing events.​ assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options. 0.8.0Prev let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ... assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0. 0.8.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event}; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{ errors::Error, events::{Approval, Transfer}, Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs }; use odra::{ casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}, prelude::* }; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } // Other tests... } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OdraVM","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm#usage","content":"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run cargo odra test You are running your code against it. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Architecture​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm#architecture","content":"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State. The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address. Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM. Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm#execution","content":"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Setup​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#setup","content":"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from examples folder: # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used # to deploy the contracts. # We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit # the secret key to the repository. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777 # Chain name of the network. Known values: # - integration-test ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test # Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts. # Main secret key will be 0th account. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem # If using CSPR.cloud, you can set the auth token here. # CSPR_CLOUD_AUTH_TOKEN= note CSPR.cloud is a service that provides mainnet and testnet Casper nodes on demand. With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. Let's go through the code: fn main() { // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize // the environment: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the // OdraVM backend. let owner = env.caller(); // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain, // so we need to provide them // if we did not import their secret keys. let recipient = "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Arguments for the contract init method. let name = String::from("Plascoin"); let symbol = String::from("PLS"); let decimals = 10u8; let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000); // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify // the gas limit for each action. // The limit will be used for every consecutive action // until we change it. env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64); // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend. let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply: Some(initial_supply) }; let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args); // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend. println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Uncomment to load existing contract. // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract // that is already deployed. // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address); // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later. println!("Token name: {}", token.name()); // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment, // so we change the amount of gas env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64); token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000)); println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner)); println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient)); } note The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of theCargo.toml file: [bin] name = "erc20_on_livenet" path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#usage","content":"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled: cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet note Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file. A part of a sample output should look like this: ... 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 💁 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed. Owner's balance: 4004 Recipient's balance: 4000 Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant and cost us nothing. How it is possible? info You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example can be seen here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"How Livenet backend works​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#how-livenet-backend-works","content":"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free. This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free. Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract (see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Multiple environments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#multiple-environments","content":"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, multiple nodes or even multiple chains. To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will override the value from the .env file. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#contract-env","content":"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#events","content":"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity. Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed: __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.__events_length - the evens count.__events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas. Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key. So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract. A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event]. note Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])]. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#payable","content":"The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key. Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse. Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts. The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value(). note Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Revert​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#revert","content":"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Context​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#context","content":"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack. The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#test-env","content":"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine. In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000). The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value. Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#usage","content":"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -bparameter: cargo odra test -b casper If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run: cargo odra build -b casper ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a contract to Casper network​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network","content":"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool or using the Odra's Livenet integration. Let's explore the first option to better understand the process. note If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"WASM arguments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#wasm-arguments","content":"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set: odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable. Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments. When working with the test env via cargo odra or when usingLivenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather usecasper-client directly, you have to pass them manually: ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy Counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#example-deploy-counter","content":"To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:42" For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC721​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc721","content":"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory. Firstly contract needs to be compiled. cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory. Now it's time to deploy the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \\ --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'" It's done. The contract is deployed and ready to use. Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC721 module. To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key in your account's named keys. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC1155​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc1155","content":"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section. Contract compilation: cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token Contract deployment: casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Sending CSPR to a contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#sending-cspr-to-a-contract","content":"Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section. What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract. Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasmwe maintain. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using proxy_caller.wasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm","content":"To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments: contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse. Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#execution","content":"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cargo Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Managing projects​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#managing-projects","content":"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}: cargo odra new --name my-project This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder: [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running: cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created with the full template. By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter: cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release cargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.1.0 # will use a version released on crates.io The second way of creating a project is by using init command: cargo odra init --name my-project It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project in the current, empty directory. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#generating-code","content":"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command: cargo odra generate -c counter This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, visit Odra.toml. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#testing","content":"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one: cargo odra test It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVMand implements all the features Odra uses. When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -boption: cargo odra test -b casper In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat. Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end. If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command (which is run in the background obviously): cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute: cargo odra test -- two Of course, you can do the same when using the backend: cargo odra test -b casper -- two ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#building-code","content":"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. To do so, simply run: cargo odra build If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. Notice, that this command does not require the -b option. If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option: cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating contract schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#generating-contract-schema","content":"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command: cargo odra schema This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you. Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created for us and explain their purpose. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is a backend?","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env","content":"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract. It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - for example, to implement Mapping, Odra requires some kind of storage integration. The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, instead of messing with the blockchain internals. Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#host-env","content":"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests. This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#whats-next","content":"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Communication","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Host Communication","url":"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code we presented in fact works! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Directory structure","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#cargotoml","content":"Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file: [package] name = "sample" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "1.1.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "1.1.0" [build-dependencies] odra-build = "1.1.0" [[bin]] name = "sample_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "sample_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also added as a dev dependency. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#odratoml","content":"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build andcargo odra test: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"src/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#src","content":"This is the folder where your smart contract files live. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"bin/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#bin","content":"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"target/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#target","content":"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"wasm/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#wasm","content":"WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files and deploy them on the blockchain. What's next Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, namely the Odra.toml file. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Errors","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/errors","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/next/basics/errors#testing-errors","content":"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner: examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*}; #[test] fn test_owner_error() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let owner = test_env.get_account(0); let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1); test_env.set_caller(owner); let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs { name: "OwnedContract".to_string() }; let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner); assert_eq!( owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()), Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into()) ); } } Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult.OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name. In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into(). ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/next/basics/errors#whats-next","content":"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper Contract Schema","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Odra and CCS​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#odra-and-ccs","content":"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory. note If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema. src/contract.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module( // the name of the contract, default is the module name name = "MyContract", // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate version = "0.1.0", // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used events = [ Created, Updated ], // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used errors = MyErrors )] pub struct MyContract { name: Var<String>, owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl MyContract { /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.owner.set(owner.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Created { name }); } /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Updated { name }); } /// Returns the data of the contract pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data { Data { name: self.name.get_or_default(), owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner), } } } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Data { name: String, owner: Address, } // The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section #[odra::odra_error] pub enum MyErrors { /// The owner is invalid InvalidOwner, /// The name is invalid InvalidName, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Updated { name: String, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Created { name: String, } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating the Schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#generating-the-schema","content":"To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command: cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Output​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-output","content":"The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema: resources/my_contract_schema.json { "casper_contract_schema_version": 1, "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)", "authors": [], "repository": null, "homepage": null, "contract_name": "MyContract", "contract_version": "0.1.0", "types": [ { "struct": { "name": "Created", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Data", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Updated", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } } ], "errors": [ { "name": "InvalidName", "description": "The name is invalid", "discriminant": 1 }, { "name": "InvalidOwner", "description": "The owner is invalid", "discriminant": 0 } ], "entry_points": [ { "name": "update", "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event", "is_mutable": true, "arguments": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false } ], "return_ty": "Unit", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" }, { "name": "get_data", "description": "Returns the data of the contract", "is_mutable": false, "arguments": [], "return_ty": "Data", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" } ], "events": [ { "name": "Created", "ty": "Created" }, { "name": "Updated", "ty": "Updated" } ], "call": { "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm", "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event", "arguments": [ { "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name", "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.", "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override", "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable", "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key", "optional": false } ] } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Fields​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-fields","content":"casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema.toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cross calls","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract Ref​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls#contract-ref","content":"We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract. In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts. Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, by the #[odra::module] attribute. To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above. The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module]impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract. External Contracts Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI. For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of. Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere. #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Adder { fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32; } Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call: AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5) ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Loading the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls#loading-the-contract","content":"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer: examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef { let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address) } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls#testing","content":"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_cross_calls() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy( &test_env, CrossContractInitArgs { math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address() } ); assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8); } } Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_ext() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5) assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3); } fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address { let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs); *contract.address() } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/events","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/next/basics/events#testing-events","content":"Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted: examples/src/features/events.rs use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_party() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); test_env.emitted_event( &party_contract, &PartyStarted { caller: test_env.get_account(0), block_time: 0 } ); // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function test_env.emitted(&party_contract, "PartyStarted"); // You can also check how many events were emitted. assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(&party_contract), 1); } To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/next/basics/events#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper Internals","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Header​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#header","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Struct​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#struct","content":"flipper.rs /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something likeVar<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at thenext article. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Impl​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#impl","content":"flipper.rs /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } ... Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take allpub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked with pub will be not callable. The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it. flipper.rs ... /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } ... The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#tests","content":"flipper.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } ... You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of the InitArgs trait provided with the framework. The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#whats-next","content":"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Adding a new contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml#adding-a-new-contract-manually","content":"Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly. For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally look like this: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Counter" ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famousFlipper contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/next/basics/modules#testing","content":"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple: examples/src/features/modules.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::ModulesContractHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/next/basics/modules#whats-next","content":"We will see how to handle native token transfers. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Native token","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/native-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/next/basics/native-token#testing","content":"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function -balance_of: examples/src/features/native_token.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::PublicWalletHostRef; use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero()); my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit(); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100)); my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25)); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75)); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/next/basics/native-token#hostenv","content":"In a broader context of the host environment (test, livenet), you can also transfer CSPR tokens between accounts: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); //let env = odra_test::env(); let (alice, bob) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1)); env.set_caller(alice); let result = env.transfer_tokens(bob, odra::casper_types::U512::from(100)); ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/testing","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/next/basics/testing#hostenv","content":"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works: examples/src/features/testing.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*}; #[test] fn env() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract".to_string() }; let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator = testing_contract.created_by(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract2".to_string() }; let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by(); assert_ne!(creator, creator2); } } In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_callerto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller()the function we are calling inside the contract. HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests: fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just nowfn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given addressfn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_timefn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; by default, you start with the 0-th accountfn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance, R: Addressable>(&self, contract_address: &R, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/next/basics/testing#whats-next","content":"We take a look at how Odra handles errors! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage interaction","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Var​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#var","content":"The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract { barks: Var<bool>, weight: Var<u32>, name: Var<String>, walks: Var<Vec<u32>>, } You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)! Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract { pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) { self.barks.set(barks); self.weight.set(weight); self.name.set(name); self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default()); } pub fn barks(&self) -> bool { self.barks.get_or_default() } pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 { self.weight.get_or_default() } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() as u32 } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.iter().sum() } } As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs ... self.barks.get_or_default() ... note Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable doesn't have to be initialized! To modify the data, use the set() function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs self.barks.set(barks); A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage. In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() } But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, especially for larger sets of data. To tackle this issue following two types were created. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#mapping","content":"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract2 { name: Var<String>, friends: Mapping<String, u32>, } In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values (amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) { let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone()); self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1); } pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 { self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name) } The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type. note If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with a Var working together: core/src/list.rs use odra::{List, Var}; pub struct List<T> { values: Mapping<u32, T>, index: Var<u32> } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"List​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#list","content":"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, we'll use the list: examples/src/features/storage/list.rs use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract3 { name: Var<String>, walks: List<u32>, } As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk (it writes the data to the storage): examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract3 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.len() } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.iter().sum() } pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) { self.walks.push(length); } } Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all the cases for you. info All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Custom Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#custom-types","content":"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors. Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } #[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8. unit_only_enum.rs enum Enum { Foo = 3, Bar = 2, Baz = 1, } note Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute . ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"odra-examples","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/examples/odra-examples","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"odra-examples","url":"/docs/next/examples/odra-examples#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installation","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#prerequisites","content":"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine: Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt) We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves. With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown note wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installing Cargo Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#installing-cargo-odra","content":"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed. To install it, simply execute the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --locked To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type: cargo odra --help If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Creating a new Odra project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#creating-a-new-odra-project","content":"To create a new project, simply execute: cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract by executing: cargo odra test This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM: cargo odra test -b casper Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#whats-next","content":"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using odra-modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Available modules​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#available-modules","content":"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#tokens","content":"CEP-18​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 here. CEP-78​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 here. Erc20​ The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard. Erc721​ The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions. The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs. The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules. Erc1155​ The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension. The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules. Wrapped native token​ The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, it was inspired by the WETH. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Access​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#access","content":"AccessControl​ This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API. Ownable​ This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner. The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using thetransfer_ownership() function. Ownable2Step​ An extension of the Ownable module. Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Security​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#security","content":"Pausable​ A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Flipper example","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Let's flip​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper#lets-flip","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; /// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings /// or/and another modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } /// Retrieves value from the storage. /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned. pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } #[test] fn test_two_flippers() { let env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); contract1.flip(); assert!(contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper#testing","content":"To run the tests, execute the following command: cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper#whats-next","content":"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Access Control","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#code","content":"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer. A Role type is used across the module.A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.A Role can be renounced.A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.Each action triggers an event.Unauthorized access stops contract execution. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Project Structure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#project-structure","content":"access-control ├── src │ ├── access │ │ ├── access_control.rs │ │ ├── events.rs │ │ └── errors.rs │ └── lib.rs |── build.rs |── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#events-and-errors","content":"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions. events.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; use super::access_control::Role; #[odra::event] pub struct RoleGranted { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleRevoked { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleAdminChanged { pub role: Role, pub previous_admin_role: Role, pub new_admin_role: Role } L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role. errors.rs #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { MissingRole = 20_000, RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001, } Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#module","content":"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation. access_control.rs use super::events::*; use super::errors::Error; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Mapping}; pub type Role = [u8; 32]; pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32]; #[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])] pub struct AccessControl { roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>, role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role> } #[odra::module] impl AccessControl { pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool { self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address)) } pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role { let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role); if let Some(admin) = admin_role { admin } else { DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE } } pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address); } pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if address != &self.env().caller() { self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress); } self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } } impl AccessControl { pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole); } } pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) { let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role); self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role); self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged { role: *role, previous_admin_role, new_admin_role: *admin_role }); } pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true); self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false); self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } } L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings: roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role. L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#21-update-build_schemars-bin","content":"Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2 Update smart contract code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#22-update-smart-contract-code","content":"The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes. 2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​ #[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } 2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​ #[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 #[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { // fields } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.2.3. Update events definitions.​ #[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0. 0.9.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { // nothing changed in the tests } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#contract","content":"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout. The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping. We will expose two methods: The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping. custom_item.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var}; // A custom type with a vector of another custom type #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Price { value: U256, } // The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule #[odra::module] pub struct CustomItem { version: Var<u32>, meta: Var<Metadata>, data: SubModule<Data> } #[odra::module] impl CustomItem { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) { let meta = Metadata { name, description, prices: vec![ Price { value: price_1 }, Price { value: price_2 } ] }; self.meta.set(meta); self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1); } pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) { self.data.value.set(value); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20); } } // A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule #[odra::module] struct Data { value: Var<u32>, inner: SubModule<InnerData>, } // A submodule with a mapping #[odra::module] struct InnerData { named_values: Mapping<String, u32>, } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#deploying-the-contract","content":"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file. cargo odra build -c custom_item Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\ --payment-amount 100000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \\ --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \\ --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \\ --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'" Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 2000000000 \\ --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\ --session-entry-point "set_data" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \\ --session-arg "name2:string='bob'" ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Storage Layout​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#storage-layout","content":"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout. The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. Storage Layout CustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1 meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2 data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011 3 value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0011_0001 (3 << 4) + 1 inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010 (3 << 4) + 2 named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0011_0010_0001 ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1 The actual key is obtained as follows: Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.Concatenate the index with the mapping data.Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded). In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Reading the state​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#reading-the-state","content":"RustTypeScript main.rs use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity}; use casper_types::{ bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes}, U256, }; // replace with your contract hash const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-..."; const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc"; const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1"; const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state"; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> { let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, None, ) .await .unwrap() .result .state_root_hash .unwrap(); // Read the value from the `state` dictionary. let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, state_root_hash, DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey { key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(), dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(), dictionary_item_key: key, }, ) .await .unwrap() .result .stored_value; // We expect the value to be a CLValue if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result { // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType. cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec() } else { vec![] } } async fn metadata() -> Metadata { // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data let key = key(2, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the name and store the remaining bytes let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // Read the description and store the remaining bytes let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); let mut prices = vec![]; // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it for _ in 0..size { // Read the value and store the remaining bytes let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); bytes = rem; prices.push(Price { value }); } // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic. // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here. Metadata { name, description, prices } } async fn value() -> u32 { // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 { // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap(); let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } fn main() { let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap(); dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(value())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice"))); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob"))); } // The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data // The algorithm is as follows: // 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array // 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data // 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b // 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded) fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String { let mut key = Vec::new(); key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref()); key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data); let hashed_key = blake2b(&key); hex::encode(&hashed_key) } fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] { let mut result = [0u8; 32]; let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32) .expect("should create hasher"); let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes); blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result) .expect("should copy hash to the result array"); result } cargo run [src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata { name: "My Contract", description: "My Description", prices: [ Price { value: 123, }, Price { value: 321, }, ], } [src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666 [src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20 [src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10 ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#casper-wallet","content":"We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial. To install it, please follow the instructions on theofficial website. After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account you want to use for our testing. You can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys. danger You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys. We recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes. Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy our contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Getting tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#getting-tokens","content":"To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR. The easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send us 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet. To use the faucet, go to the Casper Testnet Faucet. Log in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button. note One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can either ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account in the wallet. Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Livenet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#odra-livenet","content":"Odra Livenet is described in detail in thebackends section of this documentation. We will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial. In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder: bin/our_token_livenet.rs //! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial //! creator. use std::str::FromStr; use odra::casper_types::U256; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader}; use odra::Address; use ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs}; fn main() { // Load the Casper livenet environment. let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key. let owner = env.caller(); // Just some random address... let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Deploy new contract. let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env); println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Propose minting new tokens. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000)); // Vote, we are the only voter. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000)); // Let's advance the block time by 11 minutes, as // we set the voting time to 10 minutes. // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time... // Hopefully you are not in a hurry. env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000); // Tally the votes. env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64); token.tally(); // Check the balances. println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner)); println!( "Tutorial creator's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&recipient) ); } /// Deploys a contract. pub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let name = String::from("OurToken"); let symbol = String::from("OT"); let decimals = 0; let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply, }; env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64); OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args) } /// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later... fn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let address = "hash-XXXXX"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address) } In your Cargo.toml file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and register the new binary. In the end, it should look like this: Cargo.toml [package] name = "ourcoin" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-modules = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true } [dev-dependencies] odra-test = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } [build-dependencies] odra-build = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "our_token_livenet" path = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 Finally, add the .env file with the following content: .env # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777 # Chain name of the network. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path with the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet. note One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using will be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will have to find and use another node IP address. Now, we will run our code: cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this: Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet` 💁 INFO : Deploying "OurToken". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 💁 INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed. Token address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 💁 INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 💁 INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 💁 INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed. Owner's balance: 1000 Tutorial creator's balance: 1000 Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network! Before we move on, note the address of the token! We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it ishash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cspr.live​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#csprlive","content":"The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer,cspr.live. We can put the address of our token in the search bar to find it. note If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet network is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner. If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details. Besides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it was developed using a standard that cspr.live supports. Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token! We see the name, symbol and total supply. All the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead of the contract address. Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened with the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section and transfers done during the voting process. If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the account page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account has - and OurToken is one of them! If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development of this tutorial here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet","content":"Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting the private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts deployed on the network. If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see them in the Casper Wallet window. You should also be able to transfer them to another account! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#conclusion","content":"We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it using the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the cspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract. Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem provides. Feel free to explore them on casperecosystem.io. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Add bin directory​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#21-add-bin-directory","content":"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory. You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-cargotoml","content":"There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file. You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.Register bins you added in the previous step.Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process. Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0: 0.8.0Prev [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.0" [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-odratoml","content":"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required. 0.8.0Prev [[contracts]] fqn = "my_project::Flipper" ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.3. Update Smart Contracts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#23-update-smart-contracts","content":"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​ Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.Variable is now Var.Remove odra::contract_env.Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;. 2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​ Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.BlockTime - use u64.EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes. 2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​ 2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​ // Before #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>> } // After #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } 2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​ execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro. 0.8.0Prev use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.3.6. Update events definitions.​ 0.8.0Prev use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Event; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } // Emitting the event self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); 2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​ self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes. fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions. fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed. 2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​ 0.8.0Prev #[odra::module(events = [Transfer])] pub struct Erc721Token { core: SubModule<Erc721Base>, metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable> } 2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​ However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()). 0.8.0Prev #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Token { fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256; } // Usage TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account) 2.3.10. Update constructors.​ Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init. 2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​ The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter. 2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​ Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.4. Update Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#24-update-tests","content":"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.4.1. Contract deployment.​ The way you deploy a contract has changed: You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function. 0.8.0Prev // A contract without init args use super::OwnableHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs) // A contract with init args use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) }; let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); 2.4.2. Host interactions.​ Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences: test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef. 2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​ test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result.try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro. 0.8.0Prev #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } 2.4.4. Testing events.​ assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options. 0.8.0Prev let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ... assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0. 0.8.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event}; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{ errors::Error, events::{Approval, Transfer}, Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs }; use odra::{ casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}, prelude::* }; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } // Other tests... } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"CEP-18","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Self-governing token​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#self-governing-token","content":"There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token, each more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple one, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Token implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#token-implementation","content":"Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using cep18 as our starting template: cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18 Let's glance at our token code: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct MyToken { token: SubModule<Cep18>, } impl MyToken { // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module. delegate! { to self.token { ... fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; ... As we can see, it indeed uses the Cep18 module and delegates all the methods to it. The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more appropriate OurToken, run the provided tests using cargo odra test, and continue with the implementation of the governance. note Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as the struct name in the Odra.toml file! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Governance implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#governance-implementation","content":"Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism. If we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible for minting new tokens. By default, minting Modalityis turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error. We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Voting mechanism​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#voting-mechanism","content":"Our voting system will be straightforward: Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint.Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens.If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed. Storage​ We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's add some fields to our token struct: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } Notice that proposed_mint contains a tuple containing the address of the proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if the vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why we need both is_vote_open and vote_end_time. We will also use the power of the Listtype to store the Ballots. Proposing a new mint​ To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint, we need to add a new function to our token module: src/token.rs /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000); } As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of the minted tokens, and the amount. After some validation, we open the vote by setting the is_vote_open to true, and setting the vote_end_time to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios, the time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it. Also, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy when we test it on Livenet. Voting for the mint​ Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot: src/token.rs /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token .transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking, where we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it. The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied. Speaking of tallying... Tallying the votes​ The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority of voters agreed to do so: src/token.rs /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } Notice how we used raw_transfer from the Cep18 module. We used it to set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of the caller's. Additonally, we used raw_mint to mint the tokens, skipping the security checks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't have anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#testing","content":"Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can run both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM. src/token.rs #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } We can run the test using both methods: cargo odra test cargo odra test -b casper It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action. How about deploying it on the Casper network? ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#whats-next","content":"We will se our token in action, by deploying it on the Casper network, and using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Complete code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#complete-code","content":"Here is the complete code of the OurToken module: src/token.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var}; use odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18; /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } /// Errors for the governed token. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum GovernanceError { /// The vote is already in progress. VoteAlreadyOpen = 0, /// No vote is in progress. NoVoteInProgress = 1, /// Cannot tally votes yet. VoteNotYetEnded = 2, /// Vote ended VoteEnded = 3, /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint. OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4, } /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl OurToken { /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply. pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token! self.token .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None); } // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule. delegate! { to self.token { /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users. /// One user can only possess one access group badge. /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights. /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality. fn change_security( &mut self, admin_list: Vec<Address>, minter_list: Vec<Address>, none_list: Vec<Address> ); /// Returns the name of the token. fn name(&self) -> String; /// Returns the symbol of the token. fn symbol(&self) -> String; /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses. fn decimals(&self) -> u8; /// Returns the total supply of the token. fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; /// Returns the balance of the given address. fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256; /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend. fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256; /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller. fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256); /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient. fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender's allowance. fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address. fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address. fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); } } /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env() .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000); } /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) { if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded); } } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::Deployer; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"ERC-20","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: Advanced storage using key-value pairs,Odra types such as Address,Advanced event assertion. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#code","content":"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. It is designed to store the following data: Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.Total supply.Balances of individual users.Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#module-definition","content":"erc20.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Metadata​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#metadata","content":"erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.symbol.get_or_default() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.decimals.get_or_default() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } } impl Erc20 { pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for: use odra::UnwrapOrRevert; let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default(); let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()); self.balances.set(address, new_balance); ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Core​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#core","content":"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks. erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { ... pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } } impl Erc20 { ... fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner); if *amount > owner_balance { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } let new_allowance = allowance - *amount; self.allowances .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 1, InsufficientAllowance = 2, } Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation? ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#test","content":"erc20.rs #[cfg(test)] pub mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}}; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } #[test] fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, recipient, spender) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let approved_amount = 3_000.into(); let transfer_amount = 1_000.into(); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY)); // Owner approves Spender. erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount); // Allowance was recorded. assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount } )); // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient. env.set_caller(spender); erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount); // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount ); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer")); } #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { // Given a new instance. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the spender's allowance is zero. let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); // Then transfer fails. assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } } L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#whats-next","content":"Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ownable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: storing a single value,defining a constructor,error handling,defining and emitting events.registering a contact in a test environment,interactions with the test environment,assertions (value, events, errors assertions). ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#code","content":"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement. Module has an initializer that should be called once. Only the current owner can set a new owner.Read the current owner.A function that fails if called by a non-owner account. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Define a module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#define-a-module","content":"ownable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] pub struct Ownable { owner: Var<Option<Address>> } That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on. L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Init the module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#init-the-module","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized) } self.owner.set(Some(owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner }); } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1, } #[odra::event] pub struct OwnershipChanged { pub prev_owner: Option<Address>, pub new_owner: Address } Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one: L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument. L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Features implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#features-implementation","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { ... pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) { if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() { self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner) } } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); let current_owner = self.get_owner(); self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(current_owner), new_owner: *new_owner }); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { match self.owner.get_or_default() { Some(owner) => owner, None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized) } } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { NotOwner = 1, OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2, OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3, } The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along. L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#test","content":"ownable.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}; fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) { let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OwnableInitArgs { owner: env.get_account(0) }; (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0)) } #[test] fn initialization_works() { let (ownable, env, owner) = setup(); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner); env.emitted_event( &ownable, &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner } ); } #[test] fn owner_can_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(owner); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner); env.emitted_event( &ownable, &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(owner), new_owner } ); } #[test] fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!( ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), Err(Error::NotOwner.into()) ); } } L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract. note You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract. L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function. note The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account. L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#summary","content":"The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#whats-next","content":"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ticketing System","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Ticket Office Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#ticket-office-contract","content":"Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features: Compliance with the CEP-78 standard.Ownership functionality.Only the owner can issue new event tickets.Users can purchase tickets for events.Tickets are limited to a one-time sale.Public access to view the total income of the TicketOffice. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Setup the project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#setup-the-project","content":"Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the cargo odra new command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template: cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78 ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Contract implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#contract-implementation","content":"Let's start implementing the TicketOffice contract by modify the code generated from the template. src/token.rs use odra::{ args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert }; use odra_modules::access::Ownable; use odra_modules::cep78::{ modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode}, token::Cep78, }; pub type TicketId = u64; #[odra::odra_type] pub enum TicketStatus { Available, Sold, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct TicketInfo { event_name: String, price: U512, status: TicketStatus, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketIssue { ticket_id: TicketId, event_name: String, price: U512, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketSell { ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200, InsufficientFunds = 201, InvalidTicketId = 202, TicketDoesNotExist = 203, } #[odra::module( events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell], errors = Error )] pub struct TicketOffice { token: SubModule<Cep78>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) { self.ownable.init(); let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name); self.token.init( collection_name, collection_symbol, total_supply, OwnershipMode::Transferable, NFTKind::Digital, NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal, NFTMetadataKind::Raw, MetadataMutability::Immutable, receipt_name, // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None ... ); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { let env = self.env(); let caller = env.caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // mint a new token let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None); let ticket_id: u64 = token_id .parse() .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId) .unwrap_or_revert(&env); // store ticket info self.tickets.set( &ticket_id, TicketInfo { event_name: event_name.clone(), price, status: TicketStatus::Available, }, ); // emit an event env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue { ticket_id, event_name, price, }); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } let mut ticket = self .tickets .get(&ticket_id) .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist); // only available tickets can be sold if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } // check if the buyer sends enough funds if value < ticket.price { env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds); } // transfer csprs to the owner env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); // transfer the ticket to the buyer self.token .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer); ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold; self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket); env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer }); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L10-L44 - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. TicketStatus enum represents the status of a ticket, TicketInfo struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, TicketId is a type alias for u64. OnTicketIssue and OnTicketSell are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold.L46-L49 - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema.L51-L53 - TicketOffice module definition. The module contains a Cep78 token, an Ownable module, and a Mapping that stores information about tickets.L58-L74 - The init function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the Ownable module initialization.L76-L94 - The issue_ticket function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an OnTicketIssue event.L103 - The payable attribute indicates that the buy_ticket function can receive funds.L104-L134 - The buy_ticket function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an OnTicketSell event. Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows: Deploy the contract.Issue two tickets.Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds.Buy tickets.Try to buy the same ticket again.Check the balance of the contract. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef}, }; use crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(1), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); } Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of. odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs pub fn transfer( &mut self, token_id: Maybe<u64>, token_hash: Maybe<String>, source_key: Address, target_key: Address ) -> TransferReceipt { ... if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator { self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner); } ... } Let's fix it by redesigning our little system. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Redesign​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#redesign","content":"Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary — an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets. The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow: Ticket Operator Contract​ As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the cargo odra generate command. cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator src/ticket_operator.rs use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef}; use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { UnknownTicketOffice = 300, } #[odra::module(errors = Error)] pub struct TicketOperator { ticket_office_address: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOperator { pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) { self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address); } // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds. #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); let center = self .ticket_office_address .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice); let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center); // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L4-L7 - Define errors that will be used in the contract.L9-L13 - Define the TicketOperator module that stores the address of the ticketing office.L16-L18 - The register function sets the address of the ticketing office.L20-L32 - The buy_ticket function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a TicketOfficeContractRef to interact we the TicketOffice contract. Note that, the operator's buy_ticket now receives funds. Now we need to adjust the TicketOffice contract to use the TicketOperator contract to buy tickets. src/token.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { ... MissingOperator = 204, Unauthorized = 205, } #[odra::module] pub struct TicketOffice { ... operator: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { ... pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) { // only the owner can register an operator let caller = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address()); self.operator.set(operator); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { // minting logic remains the same... ... // approve the operator to transfer the ticket let operator = self.operator(); self.token .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None); // emit an event ... } pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let caller = env.caller(); // make sure the caller is the operator if !self.is_operator(caller) { env.revert(Error::Unauthorized); } ... // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer // it is now handled by the operator contract. // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); } #[inline] fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool { Some(caller) == self.operator.get() } #[inline] fn operator(&self) -> Address { self.operator .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator) } } L15 - the contract stores the operator address.L22-L29 - a new function register_operator allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the register entry point on the operator contract.L36-38 - modify the issue_ticket function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later.L44-L57 - modify the buy_ticket function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds.We also added two helper functions: is_operator and operator to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: MissingOperator and Unauthorized. Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}, OdraResult, }; use crate::{ ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef, token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}, }; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone()); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(())); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(())); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150)); } fn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> { operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id) } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"OwnedToken","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#code","content":"What should our module be capable of? Conform the Erc20 interface.Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.Enable the current owner to designate a new owner. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#module-definition","content":"Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules. owned_token.rs use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::module::SubModule; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules! ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Delegation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#delegation","content":"owned_token.rs ... use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; ... #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.erc20.name() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.erc20.symbol() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.erc20.decimals() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.erc20.total_supply() } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.balance_of(address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.approve(spender, amount); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { self.ownable.get_owner() } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner); } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness: L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#summary","content":"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Pausable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#code","content":"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module. Check the state - is it paused or not.State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.Switch the state. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events and Error​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#events-and-error","content":"There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way. Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser. pauseable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { PausedRequired = 1_000, UnpausedRequired = 1_001, } #[odra::event] pub struct Paused { pub account: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct Unpaused { pub account: Address } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#module-definition","content":"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused. pauseable.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])] pub struct Pausable { is_paused: Var<bool> } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Checks and guards​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#checks-and-guards","content":"Now, let's move to state checks and guards. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool { self.is_paused.get_or_default() } pub fn require_not_paused(&self) { if self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired); } } pub fn require_paused(&self) { if !self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired); } } } L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Actions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#actions","content":"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.require_not_paused(); self.is_paused.set(true); self.env().emit_event(Paused { account: self.env().caller() }); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.require_paused(); self.is_paused.set(false); self.env().emit_event(Unpaused { account: self.env().caller() }); } } pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused). ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#pausable-counter","content":"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused). pauseable.rs ... use odra::SubModule; ... #[odra::module] pub struct PausableCounter { value: Var<u32>, pauseable: SubModule<Pausable> } #[odra::module] impl PausableCounter { pub fn increment(&mut self) { self.pauseable.require_not_paused(); let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1; self.value.set(new_value); } pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.pause(); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.unpause(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn increment_only_if_unpaused() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); contract.increment(); contract.pause(); assert_eq!( contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(), Error::UnpausedRequired.into() ); assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1); } } As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Recap and Basic Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#recap-and-basic-concepts","content":"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values. Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract. Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key. List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over. If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-storage-concepts-1","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Sequence​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#sequence","content":"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. pub struct Sequence<T> where T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped { value: Var<T> } The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Advanced Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-mapping","content":"In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state. Let's consider the following example: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken; #[odra::module] pub struct Mappings { strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>, tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken> } #[odra::module] impl Mappings { ... pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 { self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply() } pub fn get_string_api( &self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String ) -> String { let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3)); opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()) } } As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value. note Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers. Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule. Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"AdvancedStorage Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#advancedstorage-contract","content":"The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts. use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::modules::Token; #[odra::module] pub struct AdvancedStorage { counter: Sequence<u32>, tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>, } impl AdvancedStorage { pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 { self.counter.get_current_value() } pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 { self.counter.next_value() } pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 { let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.balance_of(&address) } pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) { let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.mint(amount, to); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#conclusion","content":"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are: Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building contracts manually","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Building the contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#building-the-contract-manually","content":"To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract info Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build. Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under the name my_project_build_contract.wasm. The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file: mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Optimizing the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#optimizing-the-contract","content":"To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool: wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used. wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm danger This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not fully compatible with the Casper execution engine. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Running the tests manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#running-the-tests-manually","content":"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. To run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used: ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Wrapping up​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#wrapping-up","content":"Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project. To do that, we can use the following set of commands: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Attributes","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#payable","content":"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#example","content":"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env() .emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Non Reentrant​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#non-reentrant","content":"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions. In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#example-1","content":"#[odra::module] pub struct NonReentrantCounter { counter: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl NonReentrantCounter { #[odra(non_reentrant)] pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) { if n > 0 { self.count(); ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1); } } } impl NonReentrantCounter { fn count(&mut self) { let c = self.counter.get_or_default(); self.counter.set(c + 1); } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError}; #[test] fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11); assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into()); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Mixing attributes​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#mixing-attributes","content":"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. To apply multiple attributes, you can write: #[odra(payable, non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } or #[odra(payable)] #[odra(non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } In both cases attributes order does not matter. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using Proxy Caller","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#contract","content":"For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples. examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])] pub struct TimeLockWallet { balances: Mapping<Address, U512>, lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>, lock_duration: Var<u64> } #[odra::module] impl TimeLockWallet { /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration. pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) { self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration); } /// Deposits the tokens into the contract. #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env().emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract. pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the balance of the given account. pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the lock duration. pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 { // code omitted for brevity } } /// Errors that may occur during the contract execution. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { LockIsNotOver = 1, CannotLockTwice = 2, InsufficientBalance = 3 } /// Deposit event. #[odra::event] pub struct Deposit { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } /// Withdrawal event. #[odra::event] pub struct Withdrawal { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } Full code can be found here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Client​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#client","content":"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key. # Build the contract cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet # Extract secret key docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem RustTypeScript To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case). Cargo.toml [package] name = "odra-examples" version = "1.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false } ... # other dependencies odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true } ... # other sections [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] ... # other sections [[bin]] name = "tlw_on_livenet" path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ... # other sections examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs //! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs. use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef}; use odra::Address; use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs}; const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100; const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99; const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9); fn main() { let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); let caller = env.get_account(0); env.set_caller(caller); env.set_gas(GAS); let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy( &env, TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 } ); // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract. contract .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT)) .deposit(); println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract. contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL)); println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); } To run the code, execute the following command: ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet # Sample output 💁 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558". 💁 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy. 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3". 💁 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed. Caller's balance: 100 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e". 💁 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed. Remaining balance: 1 As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Delegate","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/delegate","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Overview​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/advanced/delegate#overview","content":"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand. You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/advanced/delegate#code-examples","content":"Consider the following basic example for better understanding: use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256); fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; fn decimals(&self) -> u8; fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality. The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities. Let's take a look at another example. use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct DeFiPlatform { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20>, exchange: SubModule<Exchange> } #[odra::module] impl DeFiPlatform { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); self.exchange.init(exchange_rate); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; } to self.exchange { fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address); fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure. Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage Layout","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Casper VM Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#casper-vm-perspective","content":"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays. Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look like: pub trait CasperStorage { fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>; fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>); } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#odra-perspective","content":"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider this straightforward storage definition: #[odra::module] pub struct Token { name: Var<String>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256> } The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String andbalances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys andU256 as values. The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more complex example: #[odra::module] pub struct Loans { lenders: SubModule<Token>, borrowers: SubModule<Token>, } The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees thatlenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage dictionary. Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout operates. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Key generation.​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#key-generation","content":"Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module. While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual implementation. Loans { lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0001 name: 1, // key: 0x0001_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0001_0010 }, borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010 name: 1, // key: 0x0010_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0010_0010 } } Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in thestorage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as demonstrated in the example. For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a key: 0x0001_0001_1234_abcd Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then encoded in hexadecimal format. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Value serialization​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#value-serialization","content":"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper'sBytes types. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Memory allocators","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Using a different allocator​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Memory allocators","url":"/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator#using-a-different-allocator","content":"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project: [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] } If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OdraVM","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm#usage","content":"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run cargo odra test You are running your code against it. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Architecture​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm#architecture","content":"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State. The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address. Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM. Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm#execution","content":"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#contract-env","content":"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#events","content":"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity. Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed: __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.__events_length - the evens count.__events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas. Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key. So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract. A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event]. note Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])]. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#payable","content":"The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key. Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse. Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts. The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value(). note Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Revert​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#revert","content":"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Context​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#context","content":"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack. The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#test-env","content":"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine. In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000). The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value. Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#usage","content":"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -bparameter: cargo odra test -b casper If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run: cargo odra build -b casper ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a contract to Casper network​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network","content":"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool or using the Odra's Livenet integration. Let's explore the first option to better understand the process. note If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"WASM arguments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#wasm-arguments","content":"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set: odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable. Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments. When working with the test env via cargo odra or when usingLivenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather usecasper-client directly, you have to pass them manually: ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy Counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#example-deploy-counter","content":"To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:42" For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC721​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc721","content":"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory. Firstly contract needs to be compiled. cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory. Now it's time to deploy the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \\ --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'" It's done. The contract is deployed and ready to use. Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC721 module. To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key in your account's named keys. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC1155​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc1155","content":"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section. Contract compilation: cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token Contract deployment: casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Sending CSPR to a contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#sending-cspr-to-a-contract","content":"Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section. What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract. Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasmwe maintain. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using proxy_caller.wasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm","content":"To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments: contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse. Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#execution","content":"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is a backend?","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env","content":"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract. It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - for example, to implement Mapping, Odra requires some kind of storage integration. The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, instead of messing with the blockchain internals. Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#host-env","content":"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests. This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#whats-next","content":"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/livenet","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Setup​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#setup","content":"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from examples folder: # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used # to deploy the contracts. # We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit # the secret key to the repository. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777 # Chain name of the network. Known values: # - integration-test ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test # Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts. # Main secret key will be 0th account. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. Let's go through the code: fn main() { // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize // the environment: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the // OdraVM backend. let owner = env.caller(); // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain, // so we need to provide them // if we did not import their secret keys. let recipient = "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Arguments for the contract init method. let name = String::from("Plascoin"); let symbol = String::from("PLS"); let decimals = 10u8; let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000); // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify // the gas limit for each action. // The limit will be used for every consecutive action // until we change it. env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64); // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend. let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply: Some(initial_supply) }; let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args); // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend. println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Uncomment to load existing contract. // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract // that is already deployed. // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address); // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later. println!("Token name: {}", token.name()); // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment, // so we change the amount of gas env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64); token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000)); println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner)); println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient)); } note The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of theCargo.toml file: [bin] name = "erc20_on_livenet" path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#usage","content":"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled: cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet note Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file. A part of a sample output should look like this: ... 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 💁 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed. Owner's balance: 4004 Recipient's balance: 4000 Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant and cost us nothing. How it is possible? info You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example can be seen here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"How Livenet backend works​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#how-livenet-backend-works","content":"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free. This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free. Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract (see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Multiple environments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#multiple-environments","content":"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, multiple nodes or even multiple chains. To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will override the value from the .env file. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cargo Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Managing projects​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#managing-projects","content":"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}: cargo odra new --name my-project This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder: [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running: cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created with the full template. By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter: cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release cargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.0.0 # will use a version released on crates.io The second way of creating a project is by using init command: cargo odra init --name my-project It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project in the current, empty directory. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#generating-code","content":"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command: cargo odra generate -c counter This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, visit Odra.toml. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#testing","content":"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one: cargo odra test It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVMand implements all the features Odra uses. When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -boption: cargo odra test -b casper In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat. Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end. If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command (which is run in the background obviously): cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute: cargo odra test -- two Of course, you can do the same when using the backend: cargo odra test -b casper -- two ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#building-code","content":"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. To do so, simply run: cargo odra build If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. Notice, that this command does not require the -b option. If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option: cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating contract schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#generating-contract-schema","content":"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command: cargo odra schema This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you. Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created for us and explain their purpose. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Communication","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Host Communication","url":"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code we presented in fact works! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Directory structure","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#cargotoml","content":"Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file: [package] name = "sample" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "1.0.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "1.0.0" [build-dependencies] odra-build = "1.0.0" [[bin]] name = "sample_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "sample_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also added as a dev dependency. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#odratoml","content":"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build andcargo odra test: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"src/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#src","content":"This is the folder where your smart contract files live. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"bin/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#bin","content":"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"target/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#target","content":"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"wasm/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#wasm","content":"WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files and deploy them on the blockchain. What's next Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, namely the Odra.toml file. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cross calls","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract Ref​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls#contract-ref","content":"We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract. In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts. Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, by the #[odra::module] attribute. To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above. The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module]impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract. External Contracts Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI. For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of. Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere. #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Adder { fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32; } Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call: AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5) ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Loading the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls#loading-the-contract","content":"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer: examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef { let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address) } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls#testing","content":"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_cross_calls() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy( &test_env, CrossContractInitArgs { math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address() } ); assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8); } } Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_ext() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5) assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3); } fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address { let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs); *contract.address() } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper Contract Schema","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Odra and CCS​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#odra-and-ccs","content":"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory. note If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema. src/contract.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module( // the name of the contract, default is the module name name = "MyContract", // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate version = "0.1.0", // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used events = [ Created, Updated ], // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used errors = MyErrors )] pub struct MyContract { name: Var<String>, owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl MyContract { /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.owner.set(owner.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Created { name }); } /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Updated { name }); } /// Returns the data of the contract pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data { Data { name: self.name.get_or_default(), owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner), } } } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Data { name: String, owner: Address, } // The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section #[odra::odra_error] pub enum MyErrors { /// The owner is invalid InvalidOwner, /// The name is invalid InvalidName, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Updated { name: String, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Created { name: String, } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating the Schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#generating-the-schema","content":"To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command: cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Output​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-output","content":"The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema: resources/my_contract_schema.json { "casper_contract_schema_version": 1, "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)", "authors": [], "repository": null, "homepage": null, "contract_name": "MyContract", "contract_version": "0.1.0", "types": [ { "struct": { "name": "Created", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Data", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Updated", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } } ], "errors": [ { "name": "InvalidName", "description": "The name is invalid", "discriminant": 1 }, { "name": "InvalidOwner", "description": "The owner is invalid", "discriminant": 0 } ], "entry_points": [ { "name": "update", "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event", "is_mutable": true, "arguments": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false } ], "return_ty": "Unit", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" }, { "name": "get_data", "description": "Returns the data of the contract", "is_mutable": false, "arguments": [], "return_ty": "Data", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" } ], "events": [ { "name": "Created", "ty": "Created" }, { "name": "Updated", "ty": "Updated" } ], "call": { "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm", "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event", "arguments": [ { "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name", "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.", "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override", "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable", "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key", "optional": false } ] } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Fields​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-fields","content":"casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema.toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Errors","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/errors","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/basics/errors#testing-errors","content":"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner: examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*}; #[test] fn test_owner_error() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let owner = test_env.get_account(0); let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1); test_env.set_caller(owner); let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs { name: "OwnedContract".to_string() }; let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner); assert_eq!( owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()), Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into()) ); } } Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult.OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name. In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into(). ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/basics/errors#whats-next","content":"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/events","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/basics/events#testing-events","content":"Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted: examples/src/features/events.rs use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_party() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); test_env.emitted_event( party_contract.address(), &PartyStarted { caller: test_env.get_account(0), block_time: 0 } ); // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted"); // You can also check how many events were emitted. assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1); } To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/basics/events#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper Internals","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Header​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#header","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Struct​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#struct","content":"flipper.rs /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something likeVar<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at thenext article. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Impl​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#impl","content":"flipper.rs /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } ... Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take allpub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked with pub will be not callable. The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it. flipper.rs ... /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } ... The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#tests","content":"flipper.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } ... You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of the InitArgs trait provided with the framework. The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#whats-next","content":"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/basics/modules#testing","content":"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple: examples/src/features/modules.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::ModulesContractHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/basics/modules#whats-next","content":"We will see how to handle native token transfers. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/odra-toml","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Adding a new contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/basics/odra-toml#adding-a-new-contract-manually","content":"Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly. For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally look like this: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Counter" ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/basics/odra-toml#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famousFlipper contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Native token","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/native-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/basics/native-token#testing","content":"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function -balance_of: examples/src/features/native_token.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::PublicWalletHostRef; use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero()); my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit(); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100)); my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25)); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75)); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/testing","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/basics/testing#hostenv","content":"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works: examples/src/features/testing.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*}; #[test] fn env() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract".to_string() }; let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator = testing_contract.created_by(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract2".to_string() }; let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by(); assert_ne!(creator, creator2); } } In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_callerto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller()the function we are calling inside the contract. HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests: fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just nowfn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given addressfn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_timefn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; by default, you start with the 0-th accountfn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/basics/testing#whats-next","content":"We take a look at how Odra handles errors! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage interaction","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Var​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#var","content":"The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract { barks: Var<bool>, weight: Var<u32>, name: Var<String>, walks: Var<Vec<u32>>, } You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)! Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract { pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) { self.barks.set(barks); self.weight.set(weight); self.name.set(name); self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default()); } pub fn barks(&self) -> bool { self.barks.get_or_default() } pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 { self.weight.get_or_default() } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() as u32 } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.iter().sum() } } As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs ... self.barks.get_or_default() ... note Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable doesn't have to be initialized! To modify the data, use the set() function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs self.barks.set(barks); A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage. In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() } But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, especially for larger sets of data. To tackle this issue following two types were created. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#mapping","content":"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract2 { name: Var<String>, friends: Mapping<String, u32>, } In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values (amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) { let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone()); self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1); } pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 { self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name) } The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type. note If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with a Var working together: core/src/list.rs use odra::{List, Var}; pub struct List<T> { values: Mapping<u32, T>, index: Var<u32> } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"List​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#list","content":"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, we'll use the list: examples/src/features/storage/list.rs use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract3 { name: Var<String>, walks: List<u32>, } As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk (it writes the data to the storage): examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract3 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.len() } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.iter().sum() } pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) { self.walks.push(length); } } Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all the cases for you. info All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Custom Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#custom-types","content":"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors. Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } #[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8. unit_only_enum.rs enum Enum { Foo = 3, Bar = 2, Baz = 1, } note Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute . ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"odra-examples","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/examples/odra-examples","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"odra-examples","url":"/docs/examples/odra-examples#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installation","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#prerequisites","content":"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine: Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt) We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves. With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown note wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installing Cargo Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#installing-cargo-odra","content":"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed. To install it, simply execute the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --locked To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type: cargo odra --help If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Creating a new Odra project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#creating-a-new-odra-project","content":"To create a new project, simply execute: cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract by executing: cargo odra test This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM: cargo odra test -b casper Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#whats-next","content":"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using odra-modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Available modules​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#available-modules","content":"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#tokens","content":"CEP-18​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 here. CEP-78​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 here. Erc20​ The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard. Erc721​ The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions. The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs. The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules. Erc1155​ The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension. The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules. Wrapped native token​ The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, it was inspired by the WETH. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Access​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#access","content":"AccessControl​ This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API. Ownable​ This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner. The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using thetransfer_ownership() function. Ownable2Step​ An extension of the Ownable module. Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Security​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#security","content":"Pausable​ A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Flipper example","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Let's flip​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper#lets-flip","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; /// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings /// or/and another modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } /// Retrieves value from the storage. /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned. pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } #[test] fn test_two_flippers() { let env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); contract1.flip(); assert!(contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper#testing","content":"To run the tests, execute the following command: cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper#whats-next","content":"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Access Control","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#code","content":"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer. A Role type is used across the module.A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.A Role can be renounced.A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.Each action triggers an event.Unauthorized access stops contract execution. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Project Structure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#project-structure","content":"access-control ├── src │ ├── access │ │ ├── access_control.rs │ │ ├── events.rs │ │ └── errors.rs │ └── lib.rs |── build.rs |── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#events-and-errors","content":"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions. events.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; use super::access_control::Role; #[odra::event] pub struct RoleGranted { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleRevoked { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleAdminChanged { pub role: Role, pub previous_admin_role: Role, pub new_admin_role: Role } L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role. errors.rs #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { MissingRole = 20_000, RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001, } Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#module","content":"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation. access_control.rs use super::events::*; use super::errors::Error; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Mapping}; pub type Role = [u8; 32]; pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32]; #[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])] pub struct AccessControl { roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>, role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role> } #[odra::module] impl AccessControl { pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool { self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address)) } pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role { let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role); if let Some(admin) = admin_role { admin } else { DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE } } pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address); } pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if address != &self.env().caller() { self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress); } self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } } impl AccessControl { pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole); } } pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) { let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role); self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role); self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged { role: *role, previous_admin_role, new_admin_role: *admin_role }); } pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true); self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false); self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } } L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings: roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role. L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Odra for Solidity developers","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Introduction​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#introduction","content":"Hi, stranger Solidity developer! If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#prerequisites","content":"To follow this guide, you should have: Knowledge of Solidity.Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts.Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hello World​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#hello-world","content":"Let's start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct HelloWorld { greet: Var<String>, } #[odra::module] impl HelloWorld { pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) { self.greet.set(message); } pub fn get(&self) -> String { self.greet.get_or_default() } } As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the odra::module attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the HelloWorld struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: init to set the greeting message and get to retrieve it. Two key differences are: Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly.To initialize values, you must do it in the init function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Variable Storage and State Management​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#variable-storage-and-state-management","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Data Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-types","content":"OdraSolidity use core::str::FromStr; use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256}, module::Module, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct Primitives { boo: Var<bool>, u: Var<u8>, // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type u2: Var<U256>, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type i: Var<i32>, // i32 is the smallest signed integer type i2: Var<i64>, // i64 is the biggest signed integer type address: Var<Address>, bytes: Var<Bytes>, default_boo: Var<bool>, default_uint: Var<U256>, default_int: Var<i64>, default_addr: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Primitives { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.boo.set(true); self.u.set(1); self.u2.set(U256::from(456)); self.i.set(-1); self.i2.set(456); self.address.set( Address::from_str( "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb", ) .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()), ); self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5])); let _min_int = U256::zero(); let _max_int = U256::MAX; } // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool { self.default_boo.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 { self.default_uint.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 { self.default_int.get_or_default() } // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address { self.default_addr.get_or_default() } } The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: u8, u16, u32, u64, U128, and U256 for unsigned integers, and i32 and i64 for signed integers. The Address type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the Address type; the workaround is to use Option<Address>. The Bytes type is used to store byte arrays. Values are stored in units called Named Keys and Dictionaries. Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Constants and Immutability​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#constants-and-immutability","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address}; #[odra::module] pub struct Constants; #[odra::module] impl Constants { pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]); pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account( AccountHash([0u8; 32]) ); } In Odra, you can define constants using the const keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the immutable keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's immutable keyword. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Variables​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#variables","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Variables { text: Var<String>, my_uint: Var<U256>, } #[odra::module] impl Variables { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.text.set("Hello".to_string()); self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123)); } pub fn do_something(&self) { // Local variables let i = 456; // Env variables let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time(); let sender = self.env().caller(); } } In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ContractEnv retrieved using the env() function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Arrays and Mappings​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#arrays-and-mappings","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping}; #[odra::module] pub struct MappingContract { my_map: Mapping<Address, Option<U256>> } #[odra::module] impl MappingContract { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 { // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option<Option<U256>> // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) { self.my_map.set(&addr, None); } } #[odra::module] pub struct NestedMapping { my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option<bool>> } #[odra::module] impl NestedMapping { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool { self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None); } } OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Array { // the size of the array must be known at compile time arr: Var<[u8; 10]>, vec: Var<Vec<u32>>, } #[odra::module] impl Array { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]); self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); } pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] { self.arr.get_or_default() } pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.push(value); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.pop(); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); arr[index as usize] = value; self.arr.set(arr); } } For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the Var container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a Mapping or List instead of an array or vector to store data. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Custom types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#custom-types","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::odra_type] #[derive(Default)] pub enum Status { #[default] Pending, Shipped, Accepted, Rejected, Canceled, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { status: Var<Status>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn get(&self) -> Status { self.status.get_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) { self.status.set(status); } pub fn cancel(&mut self) { self.status.set(Status::Canceled); } pub fn reset(&mut self) { self.status.set(Default::default()); } } In Odra, custom types are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the #[default] attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the Default::default() function. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, List}; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Todo { text: String, completed: bool, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { // You could also use Var<Vec<Todo>> instead of List<Todo>, // but List is more efficient for large arrays, // it loads items lazily. todos: List<Todo>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) { self.todos.push(Todo { text, completed: false, }); } pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.text = text; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.completed = !todo.completed; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } // Odra does not create getters by default pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<Todo> { self.todos.get(index) } } Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the List type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Data Location​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-location","content":"In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be memory, storage, or calldata. In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., Var, Mapping, List), the data is stored in the contract's storage. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#functions","content":"Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function: impl Erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount); // Transfer logic goes here } fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { // Internal transfer logic goes here } } Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ContractEnv function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"View and Pure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#view-and-pure","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct ViewAndPure { x: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl ViewAndPure { pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 { self.x.get_or_default() + y } } pub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 { i + j } In Odra, you don't need to specify view or pure functions explicitly. All functions are considered view functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be &mut self. If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Modifiers​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#modifiers","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct FunctionModifier { x: Var<u32>, locked: Var<bool>, } #[odra::module] impl FunctionModifier { pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 { self.lock(); self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i); if i > 1 { self.decrement(i - 1); } self.unlock(); } #[inline] fn lock(&mut self) { if self.locked.get_or_default() { self.env().revert("No reentrancy"); } self.locked.set(true); } #[inline] fn unlock(&mut self) { self.locked.set(false); } } In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the lock and unlock functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly. As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the #[inline] attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Visibility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#visibility","content":"Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts. Functions can be declared as: OdraSolidity `pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call. `pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call. `default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#payable","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Payable { owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Payable { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.owner.set(self.env().caller()); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&self) { } pub fn not_payable(&self) { } pub fn withdraw(&self) { let amount = self.env().self_balance(); self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount); } pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) { self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount); } } In Odra, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Selectors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#selectors","content":"In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector. contract_addr.call( abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234) ) Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Logging​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#events-and-logging","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Log { sender: Address, message: String, } #[odra::event] pub struct AnotherLog {} #[odra::module] struct Event; #[odra::module] impl Event { pub fn test(&self) { let env = self.env(); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello World!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(AnotherLog {}); } } In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the #[odra::event] attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's emit_event() function, passing the event struct as an argument. note Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the Basics section. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Error Handling​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#error-handling","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum CustomError { InsufficientBalance = 1, InputLowerThanTen = 2, } #[odra::module] pub struct Error; #[odra::module] impl Error { pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) { if i <= 10.into() { self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen); } } pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) { let balance = self.env().self_balance(); if balance < withdraw_amount { self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance); } } } In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: require, revert, assert, and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the env().revert() function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Composition vs. Inheritance​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#composition-vs-inheritance","content":"In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another. Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule}; #[odra::module] pub struct A; #[odra::module] impl A { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "A".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct B { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl B { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "B".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct C { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl C { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "C".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct D { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl D { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.c.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct E { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl E { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.b.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct F { a: SubModule<A>, b: SubModule<B>, } #[odra::module] impl F { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.a.foo() } } Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers. In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Libraries and Utility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#libraries-and-utility","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; mod math { use odra::casper_types::U256; pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 { let mut z = y; if y > 3.into() { let mut x = y / 2 + 1; while x < z { z = x; x = (y / x + x) / 2; } } else if y != U256::zero() { z = U256::one(); } z } } #[odra::module] struct TestMath; #[odra::module] impl TestMath { pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 { math::sqrt(x) } } #[odra::odra_error] enum Error { EmptyArray = 100, } trait Removable { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize); } impl Removable for Var<Vec<U256>> { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) { let env = self.env(); let mut vec = self.get_or_default(); if vec.is_empty() { env.revert(Error::EmptyArray); } vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env); self.set(vec); } } #[odra::module] struct TestArray { arr: Var<Vec<U256>>, } #[odra::module] impl TestArray { pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); for i in 0..3 { arr.push(i.into()); } self.arr.set(arr); self.arr.remove(1); let arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2); assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into()); assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into()); } } In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the Math library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the TestMath contract calls the sqrt function directly, while the TestArray contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type uint256[] by adding the remove function. In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the Removable trait for the Var<Vec<U256>> type allows the remove function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of U256 values. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Fallback and Receive Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#fallback-and-receive-functions","content":"In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a receive() and/or fallback() function. The receive() function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the fallback() function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called. Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the receive() and fallback() functions. Instead, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Miscellaneous​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#miscellaneous","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hashing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#hashing","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256}, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct HashFunction; #[odra::module] impl HashFunction { pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] { let env = self.env(); let mut data = Vec::new(); data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); env.hash(data) } } #[odra::module] pub struct GuessTheMagicWord { answer: Var<[u8; 32]>, } #[odra::module] impl GuessTheMagicWord { /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.answer.set([ 0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84, 0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08, ]); } /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word. pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool { let env = self.env(); let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); hash == self.answer.get_or_default() } } The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the keccak256 function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the env.hash() function is used, which implements the blake2b algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Try-catch​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#try-catch","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Example { other_contract: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Example { pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) { self.other_contract.set(other_contract); } pub fn execute_external_call(&self) { if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() { let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function(); match result { Ok(success) => { // Code to execute if the external call was successful } Err(reason) => { // Code to execute if the external call failed } } } } } #[odra::module] pub struct OtherContract; #[odra::module] impl OtherContract { pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result<bool, ()> { Ok(true) } } In Solidity, try/catch is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The try/catch statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation. In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the try/catch statement in Solidity. However, you can use the Result type to handle errors in a similar way. The Result type is an enum that represents either success (Ok) or failure (Err). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#conclusion","content":"Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development. Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework. Read more about the Odra Framework in the Basics and Advanced sections. Learn by example with our Tutorial series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the Erc20 standard implementation. If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our Discord! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#21-update-build_schemars-bin","content":"Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2 Update smart contract code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#22-update-smart-contract-code","content":"The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes. 2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​ #[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } 2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​ #[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 #[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { // fields } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.2.3. Update events definitions.​ #[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0. 0.9.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { // nothing changed in the tests } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#casper-wallet","content":"We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial. To install it, please follow the instructions on theofficial website. After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account you want to use for our testing. You can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys. danger You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys. We recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes. Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy our contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Getting tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#getting-tokens","content":"To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR. The easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send us 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet. To use the faucet, go to the Casper Testnet Faucet. Log in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button. note One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can either ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account in the wallet. Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Livenet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#odra-livenet","content":"Odra Livenet is described in detail in thebackends section of this documentation. We will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial. In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder: bin/our_token_livenet.rs //! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial //! creator. use std::str::FromStr; use odra::casper_types::U256; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader}; use odra::Address; use ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs}; fn main() { // Load the Casper livenet environment. let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key. let owner = env.caller(); // Just some random address... let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Deploy new contract. let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env); println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Propose minting new tokens. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000)); // Vote, we are the only voter. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000)); // Let's advance the block time by 11 minutes, as // we set the voting time to 10 minutes. // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time... // Hopefully you are not in a hurry. env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000); // Tally the votes. env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64); token.tally(); // Check the balances. println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner)); println!( "Tutorial creator's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&recipient) ); } /// Deploys a contract. pub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let name = String::from("OurToken"); let symbol = String::from("OT"); let decimals = 0; let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply, }; env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64); OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args) } /// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later... fn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let address = "hash-XXXXX"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address) } In your Cargo.toml file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and register the new binary. In the end, it should look like this: Cargo.toml [package] name = "ourcoin" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-modules = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true } [dev-dependencies] odra-test = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } [build-dependencies] odra-build = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "our_token_livenet" path = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 Finally, add the .env file with the following content: .env # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777 # Chain name of the network. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path with the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet. note One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using will be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will have to find and use another node IP address. Now, we will run our code: cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this: Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet` 💁 INFO : Deploying "OurToken". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 💁 INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed. Token address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 💁 INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 💁 INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 💁 INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed. Owner's balance: 1000 Tutorial creator's balance: 1000 Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network! Before we move on, note the address of the token! We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it ishash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cspr.live​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#csprlive","content":"The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer,cspr.live. We can put the address of our token in the search bar to find it. note If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet network is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner. If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details. Besides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it was developed using a standard that cspr.live supports. Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token! We see the name, symbol and total supply. All the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead of the contract address. Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened with the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section and transfers done during the voting process. If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the account page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account has - and OurToken is one of them! If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development of this tutorial here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet","content":"Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting the private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts deployed on the network. If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see them in the Casper Wallet window. You should also be able to transfer them to another account! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#conclusion","content":"We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it using the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the cspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract. Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem provides. Feel free to explore them on casperecosystem.io. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Add bin directory​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#21-add-bin-directory","content":"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory. You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-cargotoml","content":"There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file. You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.Register bins you added in the previous step.Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process. Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0: 0.8.0Prev [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.0" [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-odratoml","content":"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required. 0.8.0Prev [[contracts]] fqn = "my_project::Flipper" ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.3. Update Smart Contracts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#23-update-smart-contracts","content":"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​ Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.Variable is now Var.Remove odra::contract_env.Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;. 2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​ Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.BlockTime - use u64.EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes. 2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​ 2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​ // Before #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>> } // After #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } 2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​ execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro. 0.8.0Prev use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.3.6. Update events definitions.​ 0.8.0Prev use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Event; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } // Emitting the event self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); 2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​ self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes. fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions. fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed. 2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​ 0.8.0Prev #[odra::module(events = [Transfer])] pub struct Erc721Token { core: SubModule<Erc721Base>, metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable> } 2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​ However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()). 0.8.0Prev #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Token { fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256; } // Usage TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account) 2.3.10. Update constructors.​ Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init. 2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​ The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter. 2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​ Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.4. Update Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#24-update-tests","content":"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.4.1. Contract deployment.​ The way you deploy a contract has changed: You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function. 0.8.0Prev // A contract without init args use super::OwnableHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs) // A contract with init args use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) }; let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); 2.4.2. Host interactions.​ Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences: test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef. 2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​ test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result.try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro. 0.8.0Prev #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } 2.4.4. Testing events.​ assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options. 0.8.0Prev let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ... assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0. 0.8.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event}; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{ errors::Error, events::{Approval, Transfer}, Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs }; use odra::{ casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}, prelude::* }; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } // Other tests... } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"CEP-18","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Self-governing token​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#self-governing-token","content":"There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token, each more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple one, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Token implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#token-implementation","content":"Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using cep18 as our starting template: cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18 Let's glance at our token code: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct MyToken { token: SubModule<Cep18>, } impl MyToken { // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module. delegate! { to self.token { ... fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; ... As we can see, it indeed uses the Cep18 module and delegates all the methods to it. The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more appropriate OurToken, run the provided tests using cargo odra test, and continue with the implementation of the governance. note Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as the struct name in the Odra.toml file! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Governance implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#governance-implementation","content":"Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism. If we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible for minting new tokens. By default, minting Modalityis turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error. We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Voting mechanism​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#voting-mechanism","content":"Our voting system will be straightforward: Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint.Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens.If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed. Storage​ We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's add some fields to our token struct: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } Notice that proposed_mint contains a tuple containing the address of the proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if the vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why we need both is_vote_open and vote_end_time. We will also use the power of the Listtype to store the Ballots. Proposing a new mint​ To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint, we need to add a new function to our token module: src/token.rs /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000); } As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of the minted tokens, and the amount. After some validation, we open the vote by setting the is_vote_open to true, and setting the vote_end_time to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios, the time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it. Also, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy when we test it on Livenet. Voting for the mint​ Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot: src/token.rs /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token .transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking, where we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it. The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied. Speaking of tallying... Tallying the votes​ The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority of voters agreed to do so: src/token.rs /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } Notice how we used raw_transfer from the Cep18 module. We used it to set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of the caller's. Additonally, we used raw_mint to mint the tokens, skipping the security checks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't have anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#testing","content":"Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can run both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM. src/token.rs #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } We can run the test using both methods: cargo odra test cargo odra test -b casper It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action. How about deploying it on the Casper network? ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#whats-next","content":"We will se our token in action, by deploying it on the Casper network, and using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Complete code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#complete-code","content":"Here is the complete code of the OurToken module: src/token.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var}; use odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18; /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } /// Errors for the governed token. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum GovernanceError { /// The vote is already in progress. VoteAlreadyOpen = 0, /// No vote is in progress. NoVoteInProgress = 1, /// Cannot tally votes yet. VoteNotYetEnded = 2, /// Vote ended VoteEnded = 3, /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint. OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4, } /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl OurToken { /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply. pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token! self.token .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None); } // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule. delegate! { to self.token { /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users. /// One user can only possess one access group badge. /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights. /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality. fn change_security( &mut self, admin_list: Vec<Address>, minter_list: Vec<Address>, none_list: Vec<Address> ); /// Returns the name of the token. fn name(&self) -> String; /// Returns the symbol of the token. fn symbol(&self) -> String; /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses. fn decimals(&self) -> u8; /// Returns the total supply of the token. fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; /// Returns the balance of the given address. fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256; /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend. fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256; /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller. fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256); /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient. fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender's allowance. fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address. fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address. fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); } } /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env() .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000); } /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) { if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded); } } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::Deployer; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#contract","content":"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout. The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping. We will expose two methods: The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping. custom_item.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var}; // A custom type with a vector of another custom type #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Price { value: U256, } // The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule #[odra::module] pub struct CustomItem { version: Var<u32>, meta: Var<Metadata>, data: SubModule<Data> } #[odra::module] impl CustomItem { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) { let meta = Metadata { name, description, prices: vec![ Price { value: price_1 }, Price { value: price_2 } ] }; self.meta.set(meta); self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1); } pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) { self.data.value.set(value); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20); } } // A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule #[odra::module] struct Data { value: Var<u32>, inner: SubModule<InnerData>, } // A submodule with a mapping #[odra::module] struct InnerData { named_values: Mapping<String, u32>, } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#deploying-the-contract","content":"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file. cargo odra build -c custom_item Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\ --payment-amount 100000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \\ --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \\ --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \\ --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'" Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 2000000000 \\ --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\ --session-entry-point "set_data" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \\ --session-arg "name2:string='bob'" ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Storage Layout​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#storage-layout","content":"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout. The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. Storage Layout CustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1 meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2 data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011 3 value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0011_0001 (3 << 4) + 1 inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010 (3 << 4) + 2 named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0011_0010_0001 ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1 The actual key is obtained as follows: Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.Concatenate the index with the mapping data.Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded). In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Reading the state​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#reading-the-state","content":"RustTypeScript main.rs use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity}; use casper_types::{ bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes}, U256, }; // replace with your contract hash const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-..."; const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc"; const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1"; const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state"; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> { let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, None, ) .await .unwrap() .result .state_root_hash .unwrap(); // Read the value from the `state` dictionary. let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, state_root_hash, DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey { key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(), dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(), dictionary_item_key: key, }, ) .await .unwrap() .result .stored_value; // We expect the value to be a CLValue if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result { // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType. cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec() } else { vec![] } } async fn metadata() -> Metadata { // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data let key = key(2, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the name and store the remaining bytes let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // Read the description and store the remaining bytes let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); let mut prices = vec![]; // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it for _ in 0..size { // Read the value and store the remaining bytes let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); bytes = rem; prices.push(Price { value }); } // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic. // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here. Metadata { name, description, prices } } async fn value() -> u32 { // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 { // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap(); let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } fn main() { let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap(); dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(value())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice"))); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob"))); } // The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data // The algorithm is as follows: // 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array // 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data // 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b // 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded) fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String { let mut key = Vec::new(); key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref()); key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data); let hashed_key = blake2b(&key); hex::encode(&hashed_key) } fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] { let mut result = [0u8; 32]; let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32) .expect("should create hasher"); let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes); blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result) .expect("should copy hash to the result array"); result } cargo run [src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata { name: "My Contract", description: "My Description", prices: [ Price { value: 123, }, Price { value: 321, }, ], } [src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666 [src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20 [src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10 ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"ERC-20","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: Advanced storage using key-value pairs,Odra types such as Address,Advanced event assertion. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#code","content":"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. It is designed to store the following data: Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.Total supply.Balances of individual users.Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#module-definition","content":"erc20.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Metadata​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#metadata","content":"erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.symbol.get_or_default() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.decimals.get_or_default() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } } impl Erc20 { pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for: use odra::UnwrapOrRevert; let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default(); let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()); self.balances.set(address, new_balance); ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Core​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#core","content":"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks. erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { ... pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } } impl Erc20 { ... fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner); if *amount > owner_balance { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } let new_allowance = allowance - *amount; self.allowances .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 1, InsufficientAllowance = 2, } Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation? ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#test","content":"erc20.rs #[cfg(test)] pub mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}}; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } #[test] fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, recipient, spender) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let approved_amount = 3_000.into(); let transfer_amount = 1_000.into(); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY)); // Owner approves Spender. erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount); // Allowance was recorded. assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount } )); // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient. env.set_caller(spender); erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount); // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount ); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer")); } #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { // Given a new instance. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the spender's allowance is zero. let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); // Then transfer fails. assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } } L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#whats-next","content":"Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OwnedToken","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#code","content":"What should our module be capable of? Conform the Erc20 interface.Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.Enable the current owner to designate a new owner. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#module-definition","content":"Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules. owned_token.rs use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::module::SubModule; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Delegation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#delegation","content":"owned_token.rs ... use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; ... #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.erc20.name() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.erc20.symbol() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.erc20.decimals() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.erc20.total_supply() } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.balance_of(address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.approve(spender, amount); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { self.ownable.get_owner() } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner); } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness: L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#summary","content":"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ownable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: storing a single value,defining a constructor,error handling,defining and emitting events.registering a contact in a test environment,interactions with the test environment,assertions (value, events, errors assertions). ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#code","content":"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement. Module has an initializer that should be called once. Only the current owner can set a new owner.Read the current owner.A function that fails if called by a non-owner account. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Define a module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#define-a-module","content":"ownable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] pub struct Ownable { owner: Var<Option<Address>> } That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on. L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Init the module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#init-the-module","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized) } self.owner.set(Some(owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner }); } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1, } #[odra::event] pub struct OwnershipChanged { pub prev_owner: Option<Address>, pub new_owner: Address } Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one: L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument. L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Features implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#features-implementation","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { ... pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) { if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() { self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner) } } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); let current_owner = self.get_owner(); self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(current_owner), new_owner: *new_owner }); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { match self.owner.get_or_default() { Some(owner) => owner, None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized) } } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { NotOwner = 1, OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2, OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3, } The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along. L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#test","content":"ownable.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}; fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) { let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OwnableInitArgs { owner: env.get_account(0) }; (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0)) } #[test] fn initialization_works() { let (ownable, env, owner) = setup(); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner } ); } #[test] fn owner_can_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(owner); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(owner), new_owner } ); } #[test] fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!( ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), Err(Error::NotOwner.into()) ); } } L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract. note You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract. L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function. note The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account. L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#summary","content":"The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#whats-next","content":"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ticketing System","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Ticket Office Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#ticket-office-contract","content":"Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features: Compliance with the CEP-78 standard.Ownership functionality.Only the owner can issue new event tickets.Users can purchase tickets for events.Tickets are limited to a one-time sale.Public access to view the total income of the TicketOffice. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Setup the project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#setup-the-project","content":"Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the cargo odra new command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template: cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78 ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Contract implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#contract-implementation","content":"Let's start implementing the TicketOffice contract by modify the code generated from the template. src/token.rs use odra::{ args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert }; use odra_modules::access::Ownable; use odra_modules::cep78::{ modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode}, token::Cep78, }; pub type TicketId = u64; #[odra::odra_type] pub enum TicketStatus { Available, Sold, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct TicketInfo { event_name: String, price: U512, status: TicketStatus, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketIssue { ticket_id: TicketId, event_name: String, price: U512, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketSell { ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200, InsufficientFunds = 201, InvalidTicketId = 202, TicketDoesNotExist = 203, } #[odra::module( events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell], errors = Error )] pub struct TicketOffice { token: SubModule<Cep78>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) { self.ownable.init(); let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name); self.token.init( collection_name, collection_symbol, total_supply, OwnershipMode::Transferable, NFTKind::Digital, NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal, NFTMetadataKind::Raw, MetadataMutability::Immutable, receipt_name, // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None ... ); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { let env = self.env(); let caller = env.caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // mint a new token let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None); let ticket_id: u64 = token_id .parse() .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId) .unwrap_or_revert(&env); // store ticket info self.tickets.set( &ticket_id, TicketInfo { event_name: event_name.clone(), price, status: TicketStatus::Available, }, ); // emit an event env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue { ticket_id, event_name, price, }); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } let mut ticket = self .tickets .get(&ticket_id) .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist); // only available tickets can be sold if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } // check if the buyer sends enough funds if value < ticket.price { env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds); } // transfer csprs to the owner env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); // transfer the ticket to the buyer self.token .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer); ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold; self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket); env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer }); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L10-L44 - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. TicketStatus enum represents the status of a ticket, TicketInfo struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, TicketId is a type alias for u64. OnTicketIssue and OnTicketSell are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold.L46-L49 - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema.L51-L53 - TicketOffice module definition. The module contains a Cep78 token, an Ownable module, and a Mapping that stores information about tickets.L58-L74 - The init function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the Ownable module initialization.L76-L94 - The issue_ticket function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an OnTicketIssue event.L103 - The payable attribute indicates that the buy_ticket function can receive funds.L104-L134 - The buy_ticket function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an OnTicketSell event. Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows: Deploy the contract.Issue two tickets.Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds.Buy tickets.Try to buy the same ticket again.Check the balance of the contract. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef}, }; use crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(1), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); } Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of. odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs pub fn transfer( &mut self, token_id: Maybe<u64>, token_hash: Maybe<String>, source_key: Address, target_key: Address ) -> TransferReceipt { ... if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator { self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner); } ... } Let's fix it by redesigning our little system. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Redesign​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#redesign","content":"Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary — an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets. The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow: Ticket Operator Contract​ As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the cargo odra generate command. cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator src/ticket_operator.rs use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef}; use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { UnknownTicketOffice = 300, } #[odra::module(errors = Error)] pub struct TicketOperator { ticket_office_address: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOperator { pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) { self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address); } // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds. #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); let center = self .ticket_office_address .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice); let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center); // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L4-L7 - Define errors that will be used in the contract.L9-L13 - Define the TicketOperator module that stores the address of the ticketing office.L16-L18 - The register function sets the address of the ticketing office.L20-L32 - The buy_ticket function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a TicketOfficeContractRef to interact we the TicketOffice contract. Note that, the operator's buy_ticket now receives funds. Now we need to adjust the TicketOffice contract to use the TicketOperator contract to buy tickets. src/token.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { ... MissingOperator = 204, Unauthorized = 205, } #[odra::module] pub struct TicketOffice { ... operator: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { ... pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) { // only the owner can register an operator let caller = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address()); self.operator.set(operator); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { // minting logic remains the same... ... // approve the operator to transfer the ticket let operator = self.operator(); self.token .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None); // emit an event ... } pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let caller = env.caller(); // make sure the caller is the operator if !self.is_operator(caller) { env.revert(Error::Unauthorized); } ... // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer // it is now handled by the operator contract. // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); } #[inline] fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool { Some(caller) == self.operator.get() } #[inline] fn operator(&self) -> Address { self.operator .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator) } } L15 - the contract stores the operator address.L22-L29 - a new function register_operator allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the register entry point on the operator contract.L36-38 - modify the issue_ticket function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later.L44-L57 - modify the buy_ticket function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds.We also added two helper functions: is_operator and operator to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: MissingOperator and Unauthorized. Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}, OdraResult, }; use crate::{ ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef, token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}, }; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone()); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(())); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(())); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150)); } fn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> { operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id) } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#code","content":"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module. Check the state - is it paused or not.State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.Switch the state. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events and Error​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#events-and-error","content":"There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way. Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser. pauseable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { PausedRequired = 1_000, UnpausedRequired = 1_001, } #[odra::event] pub struct Paused { pub account: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct Unpaused { pub account: Address } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#module-definition","content":"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused. pauseable.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])] pub struct Pausable { is_paused: Var<bool> } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Checks and guards​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#checks-and-guards","content":"Now, let's move to state checks and guards. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool { self.is_paused.get_or_default() } pub fn require_not_paused(&self) { if self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired); } } pub fn require_paused(&self) { if !self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired); } } } L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Actions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#actions","content":"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.require_not_paused(); self.is_paused.set(true); self.env().emit_event(Paused { account: self.env().caller() }); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.require_paused(); self.is_paused.set(false); self.env().emit_event(Unpaused { account: self.env().caller() }); } } pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused). ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#pausable-counter","content":"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused). pauseable.rs ... use odra::SubModule; ... #[odra::module] pub struct PausableCounter { value: Var<u32>, pauseable: SubModule<Pausable> } #[odra::module] impl PausableCounter { pub fn increment(&mut self) { self.pauseable.require_not_paused(); let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1; self.value.set(new_value); } pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.pause(); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.unpause(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn increment_only_if_unpaused() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); contract.increment(); contract.pause(); assert_eq!( contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(), Error::UnpausedRequired.into() ); assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1); } } As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using Proxy Caller","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#contract","content":"For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples. examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])] pub struct TimeLockWallet { balances: Mapping<Address, U512>, lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>, lock_duration: Var<u64> } #[odra::module] impl TimeLockWallet { /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration. pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) { self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration); } /// Deposits the tokens into the contract. #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env().emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract. pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the balance of the given account. pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the lock duration. pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 { // code omitted for brevity } } /// Errors that may occur during the contract execution. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { LockIsNotOver = 1, CannotLockTwice = 2, InsufficientBalance = 3 } /// Deposit event. #[odra::event] pub struct Deposit { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } /// Withdrawal event. #[odra::event] pub struct Withdrawal { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } Full code can be found here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Client​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#client","content":"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key. # Build the contract cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet # Extract secret key docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem RustTypeScript To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case). Cargo.toml [package] name = "odra-examples" version = "1.0.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false } ... # other dependencies odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true } ... # other sections [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] ... # other sections [[bin]] name = "tlw_on_livenet" path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ... # other sections examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs //! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs. use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef}; use odra::Address; use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs}; const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100; const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99; const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9); fn main() { let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); let caller = env.get_account(0); env.set_caller(caller); env.set_gas(GAS); let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy( &env, TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 } ); // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract. contract .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT)) .deposit(); println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract. contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL)); println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); } To run the code, execute the following command: ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet # Sample output 💁 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558". 💁 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy. 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3". 💁 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed. Caller's balance: 100 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e". 💁 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed. Remaining balance: 1 As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra for Solidity developers","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Introduction​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#introduction","content":"Hi, stranger Solidity developer! If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#prerequisites","content":"To follow this guide, you should have: Knowledge of Solidity.Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts.Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hello World​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#hello-world","content":"Let's start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct HelloWorld { greet: Var<String>, } #[odra::module] impl HelloWorld { pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) { self.greet.set(message); } pub fn get(&self) -> String { self.greet.get_or_default() } } As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the odra::module attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the HelloWorld struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: init to set the greeting message and get to retrieve it. Two key differences are: Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly.To initialize values, you must do it in the init function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Variable Storage and State Management​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#variable-storage-and-state-management","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Data Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-types","content":"OdraSolidity use core::str::FromStr; use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256}, module::Module, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct Primitives { boo: Var<bool>, u: Var<u8>, // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type u2: Var<U256>, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type i: Var<i32>, // i32 is the smallest signed integer type i2: Var<i64>, // i64 is the biggest signed integer type address: Var<Address>, bytes: Var<Bytes>, default_boo: Var<bool>, default_uint: Var<U256>, default_int: Var<i64>, default_addr: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Primitives { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.boo.set(true); self.u.set(1); self.u2.set(U256::from(456)); self.i.set(-1); self.i2.set(456); self.address.set( Address::from_str( "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb", ) .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()), ); self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5])); let _min_int = U256::zero(); let _max_int = U256::MAX; } // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool { self.default_boo.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 { self.default_uint.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 { self.default_int.get_or_default() } // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address { self.default_addr.get_or_default() } } The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: u8, u16, u32, u64, U128, and U256 for unsigned integers, and i32 and i64 for signed integers. The Address type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the Address type; the workaround is to use Option<Address>. The Bytes type is used to store byte arrays. Values are stored in units called Named Keys and Dictionaries. Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Constants and Immutability​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#constants-and-immutability","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address}; #[odra::module] pub struct Constants; #[odra::module] impl Constants { pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]); pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account( AccountHash([0u8; 32]) ); } In Odra, you can define constants using the const keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the immutable keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's immutable keyword. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Variables​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#variables","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Variables { text: Var<String>, my_uint: Var<U256>, } #[odra::module] impl Variables { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.text.set("Hello".to_string()); self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123)); } pub fn do_something(&self) { // Local variables let i = 456; // Env variables let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time(); let sender = self.env().caller(); } } In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ContractEnv retrieved using the env() function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Arrays and Mappings​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#arrays-and-mappings","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping}; #[odra::module] pub struct MappingContract { my_map: Mapping<Address, Option<U256>> } #[odra::module] impl MappingContract { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 { // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option<Option<U256>> // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) { self.my_map.set(&addr, None); } } #[odra::module] pub struct NestedMapping { my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option<bool>> } #[odra::module] impl NestedMapping { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool { self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None); } } OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Array { // the size of the array must be known at compile time arr: Var<[u8; 10]>, vec: Var<Vec<u32>>, } #[odra::module] impl Array { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]); self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); } pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] { self.arr.get_or_default() } pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.push(value); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.pop(); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); arr[index as usize] = value; self.arr.set(arr); } } For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the Var container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a Mapping or List instead of an array or vector to store data. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Custom types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#custom-types","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::odra_type] #[derive(Default)] pub enum Status { #[default] Pending, Shipped, Accepted, Rejected, Canceled, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { status: Var<Status>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn get(&self) -> Status { self.status.get_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) { self.status.set(status); } pub fn cancel(&mut self) { self.status.set(Status::Canceled); } pub fn reset(&mut self) { self.status.set(Default::default()); } } In Odra, custom types are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the #[default] attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the Default::default() function. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, List}; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Todo { text: String, completed: bool, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { // You could also use Var<Vec<Todo>> instead of List<Todo>, // but List is more efficient for large arrays, // it loads items lazily. todos: List<Todo>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) { self.todos.push(Todo { text, completed: false, }); } pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.text = text; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.completed = !todo.completed; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } // Odra does not create getters by default pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<Todo> { self.todos.get(index) } } Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the List type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Data Location​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-location","content":"In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be memory, storage, or calldata. In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., Var, Mapping, List), the data is stored in the contract's storage. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#functions","content":"Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function: impl Erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount); // Transfer logic goes here } fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { // Internal transfer logic goes here } } Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ContractEnv function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"View and Pure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#view-and-pure","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct ViewAndPure { x: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl ViewAndPure { pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 { self.x.get_or_default() + y } } pub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 { i + j } In Odra, you don't need to specify view or pure functions explicitly. All functions are considered view functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be &mut self. If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Modifiers​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#modifiers","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct FunctionModifier { x: Var<u32>, locked: Var<bool>, } #[odra::module] impl FunctionModifier { pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 { self.lock(); self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i); if i > 1 { self.decrement(i - 1); } self.unlock(); } #[inline] fn lock(&mut self) { if self.locked.get_or_default() { self.env().revert("No reentrancy"); } self.locked.set(true); } #[inline] fn unlock(&mut self) { self.locked.set(false); } } In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the lock and unlock functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly. As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the #[inline] attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Visibility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#visibility","content":"Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts. Functions can be declared as: OdraSolidity `pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call. `pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call. `default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#payable","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Payable { owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Payable { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.owner.set(self.env().caller()); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&self) { } pub fn not_payable(&self) { } pub fn withdraw(&self) { let amount = self.env().self_balance(); self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount); } pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) { self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount); } } In Odra, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Selectors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#selectors","content":"In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector. contract_addr.call( abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234) ) Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Logging​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#events-and-logging","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Log { sender: Address, message: String, } #[odra::event] pub struct AnotherLog {} #[odra::module] struct Event; #[odra::module] impl Event { pub fn test(&self) { let env = self.env(); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello World!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(AnotherLog {}); } } In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the #[odra::event] attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's emit_event() function, passing the event struct as an argument. note Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the Basics section. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Error Handling​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#error-handling","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum CustomError { InsufficientBalance = 1, InputLowerThanTen = 2, } #[odra::module] pub struct Error; #[odra::module] impl Error { pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) { if i <= 10.into() { self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen); } } pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) { let balance = self.env().self_balance(); if balance < withdraw_amount { self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance); } } } In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: require, revert, assert, and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the env().revert() function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Composition vs. Inheritance​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#composition-vs-inheritance","content":"In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another. Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule}; #[odra::module] pub struct A; #[odra::module] impl A { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "A".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct B { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl B { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "B".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct C { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl C { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "C".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct D { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl D { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.c.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct E { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl E { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.b.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct F { a: SubModule<A>, b: SubModule<B>, } #[odra::module] impl F { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.a.foo() } } Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers. In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Libraries and Utility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#libraries-and-utility","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; mod math { use odra::casper_types::U256; pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 { let mut z = y; if y > 3.into() { let mut x = y / 2 + 1; while x < z { z = x; x = (y / x + x) / 2; } } else if y != U256::zero() { z = U256::one(); } z } } #[odra::module] struct TestMath; #[odra::module] impl TestMath { pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 { math::sqrt(x) } } #[odra::odra_error] enum Error { EmptyArray = 100, } trait Removable { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize); } impl Removable for Var<Vec<U256>> { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) { let env = self.env(); let mut vec = self.get_or_default(); if vec.is_empty() { env.revert(Error::EmptyArray); } vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env); self.set(vec); } } #[odra::module] struct TestArray { arr: Var<Vec<U256>>, } #[odra::module] impl TestArray { pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); for i in 0..3 { arr.push(i.into()); } self.arr.set(arr); self.arr.remove(1); let arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2); assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into()); assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into()); } } In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the Math library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the TestMath contract calls the sqrt function directly, while the TestArray contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type uint256[] by adding the remove function. In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the Removable trait for the Var<Vec<U256>> type allows the remove function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of U256 values. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Fallback and Receive Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#fallback-and-receive-functions","content":"In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a receive() and/or fallback() function. The receive() function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the fallback() function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called. Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the receive() and fallback() functions. Instead, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Miscellaneous​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#miscellaneous","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hashing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#hashing","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256}, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct HashFunction; #[odra::module] impl HashFunction { pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] { let env = self.env(); let mut data = Vec::new(); data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); env.hash(data) } } #[odra::module] pub struct GuessTheMagicWord { answer: Var<[u8; 32]>, } #[odra::module] impl GuessTheMagicWord { /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.answer.set([ 0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84, 0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08, ]); } /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word. pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool { let env = self.env(); let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); hash == self.answer.get_or_default() } } The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the keccak256 function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the env.hash() function is used, which implements the blake2b algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Try-catch​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#try-catch","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Example { other_contract: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Example { pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) { self.other_contract.set(other_contract); } pub fn execute_external_call(&self) { if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() { let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function(); match result { Ok(success) => { // Code to execute if the external call was successful } Err(reason) => { // Code to execute if the external call failed } } } } } #[odra::module] pub struct OtherContract; #[odra::module] impl OtherContract { pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result<bool, ()> { Ok(true) } } In Solidity, try/catch is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The try/catch statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation. In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the try/catch statement in Solidity. However, you can use the Result type to handle errors in a similar way. The Result type is an enum that represents either success (Ok) or failure (Err). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#conclusion","content":"Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development. Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework. Read more about the Odra Framework in the Basics and Advanced sections. Learn by example with our Tutorial series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the Erc20 standard implementation. If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our Discord! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"}],"options":{"excludeRoutes":["docs/0.2.0/**/*","docs/0.3.0/**/*","docs/0.3.1/**/*","docs/0.4.0/**/*","docs/0.5.0/**/*","docs/0.6.0/**/*","docs/0.7.0/**/*","docs/0.8.0/**/*","docs/0.9.0/**/*","docs/0.9.1/**/*"],"id":"default"}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/search-doc.json b/docs/search-doc.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d21e97dc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/search-doc.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{"searchDocs":[{"title":"It's all about the community!","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Hello Odra Community​","type":1,"pageTitle":"It's all about the community!","url":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community#hello-odra-community","content":"Whether you are a Rust developer, Solidity developer or a Casper enthusiast we are happy to have you here, reading this blog post. We have built Odra to make smart contract development on Casper easy. Now we are entering the next phase of the open source journey. We are going to focus on the community and make sure Odra is the best tool for the job. Our motto (we borrowed from the Django Project) is: We bring cutting-edge smart contract development tools to professionals with deadlines. How will we do it? We are going to focus on four things: Quality - Our code and documentation will be of the highest quality. We will always have tons of tests and examples.Simplicity - The simplest solution is the best solution. Odra's API needs to be simple and easy to use. Always! We are not afraid to take a few steps back and rethink our design. We believe in short feedback loops and fast iterations.Reusability - No one likes to repeat itself. We see a huge potential in Odra Modules. In time, it can become a standard library of Casper smart contracts, that are battle-tested and ready to use.Community - We are here to help you. You can always reach out to us on Discord or Github. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"We will help with your project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"It's all about the community!","url":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community#we-will-help-with-your-project","content":"Whether you are a Rust developer or not, you can start using Odra today. We have prepared a few examples and docs to help you get started. Rust knowledge required to use Odra is minimal. That was always the goal. But we understand that it is hard to start. We got your back. We offer free consulting + 2 hours of live coding. All you have to do is write us an email at contract@odra.devwith a short description of your project. We will schedule a call and help you get started with Odra. After 2 hours of live coding, you will have a working repository with 2 or 3 smart contracts, that you can use as a starting point for your project. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Roadmap​","type":1,"pageTitle":"It's all about the community!","url":"/blog/its-all-about-the-community#roadmap","content":"The feedback we got quite often was:It's nice, but will it last? What's the direction of the project?Point taken. Now we answer: We are here to stay.We got the support from the Casper Association and some projects of our own to keep us funded. We play the long game. To systematize our work, we have prepared the roadmap. As of now, we maintain plans for at least three future releases. It is a good balance between predictability and flexibility. We will release new versions approximately every 1-2 months or as needed. Everyone is encouraged to propose a new Odra feature or enhancement. New proposals need to be discussed and approved by the core team. When the feature is ready, we assign it to one of the future releases. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Zero Knowledge​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#zero-knowledge","content":"In my opinion, the zero knowledge (ZK) is the largest revolution in blockchains, since Ethereum introduced Turing-complete, account-based smart contracts. To put it in simple words, ZK enables two use cases not possible before: Computation scaling - I can perform expensive computation off-chain and put the result on a chain with the proof.Anonymity - I can prove to you, I know something without revealing it. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Risc Zero​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#risc-zero","content":"I'd like to introduce you to Risc Zero. It is the general purpose zero-knowledge virtual machine. Go ahead and spend time reading their website! For us, the key component is the proof verifier that can be compiled into WASM. Sooo... we can run it on Casper :) Yes! We can prove any program, produce proof, and send it to Casper's smart contract for verification. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#example","content":"Let's dive into the example to see how it works.The full example codeyou can find on our GitHub. It is based on Risc Zero's Hello, Multiply!example. So make sure you understand it first.Guest and Prover sections are taken from this example. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Guest​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#guest","content":"The program we are proving is called a guest in Risc Zero. Our goal is to prove we know the factors of an arbitrary number. Given a and b below guest program computes a * b and produces a proof of computation. methods/guest/src/multiply.rs pub fn main() { // Load the first number from the host let a: u64 = env::read(); // Load the second number from the host let b: u64 = env::read(); // Verify that neither of them are 1 (i.e. nontrivial factors) if a == 1 || b == 1 { panic!("Trivial factors") } // Compute the product while being careful with integer overflow let product = a.checked_mul(b).expect("Integer overflow"); env::commit(&product); } ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Prover​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#prover","content":"It's time to run the guest program and build the proof for a specific a and b values. prover/src/main.rs fn main() { // Pick two numbers. let a: u64 = 17; let b: u64 = 23; // First, we make the prover, loading the 'multiply' method. let multiply_src = std::fs::read(MULTIPLY_PATH) .expect("Method code should be present at the specified path."); let mut prover = Prover::new(&multiply_src, MULTIPLY_ID) .expect("Prover should be constructed.",); // Next we send a & b to the guest. prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&a).unwrap().as_slice()); prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(&b).unwrap().as_slice()); // Run prover & generate receipt let receipt = prover.run() .expect("Valid code should be provable."); // Extract journal of receipt (i.e. output c, where c = a * b) let c: u64 = from_slice(&receipt.journal) .expect("Journal output should deserialize."); // Print an assertion println!("I know the factors of {}, and I can prove it!", c); // Verify receipt, panic if it's wrong. receipt.verify(MULTIPLY_ID).expect( "Code you have proven should successfully verify.", ); // Convert journal to string and store on disk. let journal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.journal).unwrap(); write_to_file("../data/journal", &journal); // Convert seal to string and store on disk. let seal = serde_json::to_string(&receipt.seal).unwrap(); write_to_file("../data/seal", &seal); // Convert method_id to string and store on disk. let result = serde_json::to_string(MULTIPLY_ID).unwrap(); write_to_file("../data/method", &result); } ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Verifier​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#verifier","content":"Now the verification step. Given the proof (journal + seal) and the guest program definition (method), Casper's smart contract checks its correctness. This one is written just for the demonstration, but in general you want METHOD_ID to be stored in your contract and both SEAL and JOURNAL to be passed to the contract via arguments from the outside. verifier/src/verifier_contract.rs // Import the proof and the method. const METHOD_ID: &[u8] = &include!("../../data/method"); const SEAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/seal"); const JOURNAL: &[u32] = &include!("../../data/journal"); // Verifier contract holds a result of the zk verification. #[odra::module] pub struct Verifier { result: Variable<String>, } #[odra::module] impl Verifier { // Calling this entry point triggers the zk proof verification. pub fn verify(&mut self) { let result = verify(JOURNAL, SEAL, METHOD_ID); self.result.set(result); } // Result getter. pub fn result(&self) -> String { self.result.get().unwrap_or(String::from("Not processed")) } } // The verification method. It constructs new Receipt and verifies it. fn verify(journal: &[u32], seal: &[u32], method_id: &[u8]) -> String { let result = Receipt::new(&journal, &seal).verify(method_id); match result { Ok(()) => String::from("Ok"), Err(err) => format!("Error: {}", err.to_string()) } } ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Livenet results​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#livenet-results","content":"I have deployed it to the testnet and called the verify method. The result was Ok. Wow, first-ever ZK proof verification on Casper. Trustless bridging, layer 2 here we come :) The cost of running the verify method is 2324 CSPR. That's a lot, but we have to start somewhere. ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#what-next","content":"I think it is a good place to outline possible Casper ZK goals for moving this forward. The community should discuss: Building more examples. Risc Zero has a nice battleship game to port over to Casper.Adding Risc Zero verification method to Casper's FFI.Supporting Risc Zero team. We should help develop this awesome open-source project and gain the ZK expertise. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Zero Knowledge on Casper","url":"/blog/casper-zk-risc0#join-us","content":"Interested in zero knowledge on Casper? Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"OpenAI​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#openai","content":"OpenAI already proved that AI can code. Github Copilot is used by more and more developers. Many times it is mind-blowing how accurate it is. It would be great if one of the OpenAI models could simply work after writing: Q: Write the ERC20 smart contract. A: use odra::{Mapping, Variable}... So far OpenAI hasn't indexed Odra. I even asked ChatGPT. Q: Do you know what is the Odra Framework for writing smart contracts? Response in one sentence. Use Yoda style. A: Aware of an Odra Framework for writing smart contracts, I am not. Soon (year or two) it will happen and Odra will be supported out of the box, simply because it is available on GitHub. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"DaVinci Edit​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#davinci-edit","content":"OpenAI gives us a great tool called Edit. It uses the same technology Github Copiled it based on called Codex, OpenAI gives us access to the model code-davinci-edit-001. It allows you to paste in the code and ask for changes. See more examples like rewriting Fibonacci to a recursive version here. But it doesn't know Odra. Luckily this is not a problem. I have found a nice trick that allows producing the code I want. We simply have to present all the features of Odra and ask a good question. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"ERC20 by AI​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#erc20-by-ai","content":"The goal is to bend AI to write the ERC20 token using Odra. The Edit query needs two elements: source code,text that describes what should be changed. As the input source code I wrote the code that uses all the features ERC20 would use. I need odra::module, Variable, Mapping, caller(), Address, constructor, and errors. flipper.rs use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error}; #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { value: Variable<bool>, flips_count: Variable<u32>, owner: Variable<Address>, messages: Mapping<(Address, Address), String> } #[odra::module] impl Flipper { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { self.value.set(false); self.owner.set(owner); } pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get_value()); self.flips_count.set(self.flips_count.get_or_default()); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Option<Address> { self.owner.get() } pub fn set_message(&mut self, recipient: Address, msg: String) { let sender = contract_env::caller(); let current_msg = self.messages.get(&(sender, recipient)); match current_msg { Some(_) => contract_env::revert(Error::MessageAlreadyDefined), None => self.messages.set(&(sender, recipient), msg) } } pub fn get_message(&self, sender: Address, recipient: Address) -> String { self.messages.get_or_default(&(sender, recipient)) } } execution_error! { pub enum Error { MessageAlreadyDefined => 1, NotAnMessageSender => 2, } } ChatGPT knows what the ERC20 is, so the kind request for changes is simple. Q: Implement another smart contract called ERC20. Balances should be of type U256. This is the result. ERC20 contract in Odra generated by OpenAI use odra::{Variable, types::Address, contract_env, Mapping, execution_error, U256}; #[odra::module] pub struct ERC20 { name: Variable<String>, symbol: Variable<String>, decimals: Variable<u8>, total_supply: Variable<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowed: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl ERC20 { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, total_supply: U256) { self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.total_supply.set(total_supply); self.balances.set(&contract_env::caller(), total_supply); } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&owner) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, value: U256) { let from = contract_env::caller(); let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from); let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to); if from_balance < value { contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value); self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, from: Address, to: Address, value: U256) { let caller = contract_env::caller(); let from_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&from); let to_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&to); let allowed = self.allowed.get_or_default(&(from, caller)); if from_balance < value { contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } if allowed < value { contract_env::revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance); } self.balances.set(&from, from_balance - value); self.balances.set(&to, to_balance + value); self.allowed.set(&(from, caller), allowed - value); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, value: U256) { let owner = contract_env::caller(); self.allowed.set(&(owner, spender), value); } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256 { self.allowed.get_or_default(&(owner, spender)) } } execution_error! { pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance => 1, InsufficientAllowance => 2, } } Wow! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OpenAI writes ERC20 in Odra","url":"/blog/2023-02-27-openai-writes-erc20-in-odra#what-is-next","content":"AI already understands smart contracts. It had to read a lot of Solidity code. I checked and it knows Uniswap and Compound source code. Most interesting is that AI was able to implement a concept it already knew from another programming language in the unseen Rust framework. At some point, we will be able to translate all the Solidity code to Odra. Or maybe we will not have to... It is hard to imagine how good it will be in 2025 and beyond. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/release-020","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"A bit of history​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#a-bit-of-history","content":"More than a year ago Maciej Zieliński resigned from the position of Ecosystem Leader at CasperLabs. Along with Krzysztof Pobiarżyn and Kuba Płaskonka, we formed an engineering team dedicated to smart contracts. Looking at the blockchain ecosystems from the smart contract developer perspective there are two universes. The first one is Solidity, which thrives and is at its best now. It has a ton of well-tested code and security tooling. Whenever an EVM-based blockchain pops out it gets populated by forks of DeFi and DAO protocols. Fascinating network effect emerges - code written for one EVM-based blockchain can be run on every other EVM-based blockchain. The second universe is Rust which compiles to WebAssembly. Here developer communities live in the guarded cities of Polkadot, Cosmos, Solana, Casper, and Near. The code written for one platform is not portable. The network effect never had a chance to arise. The main reason why Odra exists is achieving this cross-chain code reusability. We could paraphrase a bit and say: "One to bring them all and in the code bind them." ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra for Casper​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#odra-for-casper","content":"The very first blockchain we have integrated with Odra is Casper. In comparison to casper-contract API, it greatly cuts development time and offers a much lower entry level. The Odra interface is developer friendly and people familiar with Solidity, Ink, or Near will feel like at home. We hope it will unleash the creativity and bring a whole bunch of products onto Casper. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Framework​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#odra-framework","content":"Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. It's free and open source. Odra's goal is to become the go-to smart contract framework for all WebAssembly-based blockchains. A smart contract written using Odra can be executed on all integrated systems. We can do it by abstracting over core concepts that all the above systems are built around. These are type system, storage, entry points, execution context, and testing environment. We believe it will bring standardization to the development of Rust-based smart contracts and enable code reusability we have not yet seen in this ecosystem. Let’s look at a Flipper contract, that holds a boolean value. The contract has a constructor that sets the initial value, and two entry points: flip() and get(), to change and query the current value, respectively. use odra::Variable; #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { value: Variable<bool>, } #[odra::module] impl Flipper { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } It comes with the CLI tool cargo-odra that makes it easy to use Odra. Neat and simple, isn't it? Do you like it? Start flowing with us! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#what-next","content":"Let's be honest, we are just starting. The codebase is still hot. On the other hand, we are happy with the interfaces we designed. Now is the time to write documentation and tutorials. We are also building the modules library inspired by OpenZeppelin. The security code audit is still ahead of us. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra 0.2.0 Released","url":"/blog/release-020#join-us","content":"Check out the Odra GitHub repository for more info on how to get the most out of Odra. Should you have questions, join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.2.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.2.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.2.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.2.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.3.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.3.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.3.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.3.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"EVM at Risc0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Solidity​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#solidity","content":"As an example, I have this simple Solidity code. It is a calculator with two functions. One for addition and one for the nth Fibonacci number. bytecode/Calculator.sol contract Calculator { function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) { return a + b; } function fibonacci(uint256 n) public returns (uint256) { if (n <= 1) { return n; } else { return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2); } } } It needs to be compiled into the byte code. solc can do this. $ solc \\ --bin-runtime \\ --optimize \\ --overwrite \\ --evm-version istanbul \\ --output-dir bytecode \\ bytecode/Calculator.sol It produces an EVM bytecode in the bytecode directory. $ ls bytecode/ Calculator.bin-runtime Calculator.sol ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"EVM​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#evm","content":"The EVM I used is SputnikVM. Most important it is written in pure Rust and even with no_std mode. This way I can start an in-memory instance of EVM. Then take the bytecode of a contract and install it. Finally, call the contract with arguments and obtain the result value. For now, it's just a Rust code. Risc0 comes later. The code is based on Sputnik's benchmark test. Huge thanks to Michael Birch for helping with Sputnik. Also make sure how EVM's function selectors work. evm-runner/src/lib.rs // Load previously compiled Calculator contract. pub const CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM: &str = include_str!( "../../bytecode/Calculator.bin-runtime" ); // Run Calculator for a given input. pub fn run_calc_contract(input: &str) -> String { run_evm(CALCULATOR_EVM_PROGRAM, input) } // Run a program (contract) for a given input. fn run_evm(program: &str, input: &str) -> String { // Define EVM configuration. let config = Config::istanbul(); let vicinity = MemoryVicinity { gas_price: U256::zero(), origin: H160::default(), block_hashes: Vec::new(), block_number: Default::default(), block_coinbase: Default::default(), block_timestamp: Default::default(), block_difficulty: Default::default(), block_gas_limit: Default::default(), chain_id: U256::one(), block_base_fee_per_gas: U256::zero(), }; // Initialized the state of EVM's memory. let mut state = BTreeMap::new(); // Add our contract under the 0x10 address. state.insert( H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), MemoryAccount { nonce: U256::one(), balance: U256::from(10000000), storage: BTreeMap::new(), code: hex::decode(program).unwrap(), } ); // Add new user 0xf0 that will be used as the contract caller. state.insert( H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), MemoryAccount { nonce: U256::one(), balance: U256::from(10000000), storage: BTreeMap::new(), code: Vec::new(), }, ); // Prepare the executor. let backend = MemoryBackend::new(&vicinity, state); let metadata = StackSubstateMetadata::new(u64::MAX, &config); let state = MemoryStackState::new(metadata, &backend); let precompiles = BTreeMap::new(); let mut executor = StackExecutor::new_with_precompiles(state, &config, &precompiles); // Call the 0x10 contract using the 0xf0 user. // Use the input variable. let (exit_reason, result) = executor.transact_call( H160::from_str("0xf000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), H160::from_str("0x1000000000000000000000000000000000000000") .unwrap(), U256::zero(), hex::decode(input).unwrap(), u64::MAX, Vec::new(), ); // Make sure the execution succeeded. assert!(exit_reason == ExitReason::Succeed(ExitSucceed::Returned)); // Return hex encoded string. hex::encode(result) } Let's execute it. In below tests the data variable hold two things: function selector and arguments. For example 61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ais concatination of the function selector (first 8 chars) and 256-bit long argument. It is just fibonacci(10). a is hex of 10 and 37 is hex of 52. evm-runner/src/lib.rs #[test] fn fibonacci_works() { let data = "61047ff4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a"; let result = run_calc_contract(data); assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037"); } #[test] fn addition_works() { let data = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"; let result = run_calc_contract(data); assert_eq!(result, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009"); } ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Risc0​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#risc0","content":"It's time for risc0. First the guest program. It is super simple. It takes a string as an argument, passes it to the run_calc_contractand returns the result. methods/guest/src/bin/evm_calc.rs #![no_main] #![no_std] extern crate alloc; use alloc::{string::String}; use risc0_zkvm::guest::{env}; use evm_runner::run_calc_contract; risc0_zkvm::guest::entry!(main); pub fn main() { let input: String = env::read(); let result = run_calc_contract(&input); env::commit(&result); } The final step is calling it under ZK. host/src/main.rs fn main() { println!("Proving Calculator.add(7, 2)"); let input = "771602f700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"; let result = run_prover(input); println!("Proof generated. 7 + 2 = {result}"); println!("Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4)"); let input = "61047ff40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004"; let result = run_prover(input); println!("Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = {result}"); } fn run_prover(input: &str) -> u32 { // Make the prover. let method_code = std::fs::read(EVM_CALC_PATH).unwrap(); let mut prover = Prover::new(&method_code, EVM_CALC_ID).unwrap(); // Push the input as an argument. prover.add_input_u32_slice(to_vec(input).unwrap().as_slice()); // Execute the prover. let receipt = prover.run().unwrap(); // Verify the proof. assert!(receipt.verify(EVM_CALC_ID).is_ok()); // Return result as an u32 value. let result: String = from_slice(receipt.journal.as_slice()).unwrap(); u32::from_str_radix(&result, 16).unwrap() } $ cargo run --release -p host Proving Calculator.add(7, 2) Proof generated. 7 + 2 = 9 Proving Calculator.fibonacci(4) Proof generated. fibonacci(4) = 3 ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#conclusion","content":"How amazing and mindblowing it is! Of course, it's just a proof of concept. Yet with further development of Risc0 improving its proving time and with more flexible SputnikVM this approach is more than promising. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"EVM at Risc0","url":"/blog/evm-at-risc0#join-us","content":"Interested? Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.3.1/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.3.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.3.1/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.3.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Nysa","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/Nysa","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#odra","content":"A short reminder: Odra is a high-level smart contract framework for Rust, which encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design ... it takes care of much of the hassle of smart contract development, enabling you to focus on writing your dapp without reinventing the wheel. Odra Understanding that people generally dislike learning new things, we've kept this in mind throughout development. Since day one, we have focused on creating Odra with the largest group of smart contract developers in mind - those familiar with Solidity. The Odra Framework is designed to flatten the learning curve for this group. A Solidity developer will encounter familiar concepts such as: ConstructorsPayable functionsMappingsRevertsCurrent callerCurrent block timeA standard module library (similar to OpenZeppelin)And more note It's important to note that the Odra Framework is intentionally blockchain-agnostic. Its design does not target any particular blockchain. Ultimately, Odra is built to support multiple blockchains, allowing the writing of smart contracts in Rust. Having so many similarities, why not take the next step and transpile Solidity code into Odra code? This is where Nysa comes into play. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Nysa​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#nysa","content":"Solidity and Rust share some syntax similarities despite being designed for different purposes. Both languages emphasize strong typing, pattern matching, and immutability by default. Nysa performs Solidity-to-Rust transpilation through four simple steps. Solidity Parser Firstly, we need a well-structured Rust representation of Solidity code. Nysa utilizes LALRPOP - a Rust parser generator framework. In the further steps, this enables us to conduct static analysis of the Solidity code, ranging from contract context down to individual expressions. solidity-parser/src/pt.rs // The representation of a Solidity contract #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)] pub struct ContractDefinition { pub doc: Vec<DocComment>, pub loc: Loc, pub ty: ContractTy, pub name: Identifier, pub base: Vec<Base>, pub parts: Vec<ContractPart>, } C3 Linearization One of the most notable distinctions between Rust and Solidity is their approach to inheritance. Rust says No, thx, whereas Solidity opts for The more, the better. Speaking more technically, Solidity supports multiple inheritance with C3 linearization. info The primary purpose of the C3 Linearization Algorithm is to establish a consistent and unambiguous order of method resolution in cases where there might be ambiguity or conflicts due to multiple inheritance. It ensures that the inherited methods are called in a predictable and well-defined sequence based on the class hierarchy and the order in which classes are defined. For simulating C3 linearization, Nysa utilizes an implementation of the C3 linearization in Rust written by Maciej Zieliński, so everything stays in the Odra family. Nysa Parser After that, we step to the essential part, converting Solidity code into Rust code. For example, a Solidity event. event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value); can easily be represented as an plain Rust struct - the same name, the same fields, similar types. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { from: Option<Address>, to: Option<Address>, value: U256, } The same we do with contracts, interfaces, libraries, errors, variables, functions, statements, etc. Here is a snippet of the expression parser: nysa/src/parser/odra/expr/mod.rs pub fn parse<T>(expression: &Expression, ctx: &mut T) -> Result<syn::Expr, ParserError> where T: StorageInfo + TypeInfo + EventsRegister + ExternalCallsRegister + ContractInfo + FnContext, { match expression { Expression::Require { condition, error } => error::revert(Some(condition), error, ctx), Expression::ZeroAddress => Ok(parse_quote!(None)), Expression::Add { left, right } => math::add(left, right, ctx), Expression::Subtract { left, right } => math::sub(left, right, ctx), Expression::Increment { expr } => { let expr = parse(expr, ctx)?; Ok(parse_quote!(#expr += 1)) } Expression::ExternalCall { variable, fn_name, args, } => parse_ext_call(variable, fn_name, args, ctx), Expression::Type { ty } => { let ty = ty::parse_plain_type_from_ty(ty, ctx)?; Ok(parse_quote!(#ty)) } Expression::BoolLiteral(b) => Ok(parse_quote!(#b)), ... } } Printing the code The last step is just consuming the resulting C3 AST. Nysa produces a token stream from the AST. Most likely you would write it to a file. And there you are: a Rust smart contract is ready to be compiled! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Nysa + Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#nysa--odra","content":"By design, Nysa is a universal tool, so the third step from the pipeline is replaceable. In other words, a Solidity input can be converted to Rust code supporting a framework/SDK of your choice unless you provide a parser implementation. However, the default implementation is OdraParser, which takes a contract written in Solidity and splits out an Odra module. I hope you see an analogy to the first two paragraphs at this point. Nysa the river and Nysa the transpiler flow into Odra. ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#examples","content":"","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Status message​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#status-message","content":"Let's get our hands dirty and create a very simple project. We will write a contract that stores a single mapping of records - an address to a string message. To set up the project, we use cargo odra. cargo odra new -n status -t blank cd status The first thing is to add Nysa to the project and create a rudimentary build.rs where we define the input - a solidity contract and the output - an Odra module generated by Nysa. Cargo.toml [build-dependencies] nysa = { version = "0.1.0", features = ["builder"] } build.rs const DEST_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.rs"; const SOURCE_FILE_PATH: &str = "src/status_message.sol"; fn main() { nysa::builder::generate_file::<&str, nysa::OdraParser>(SOURCE_FILE_PATH, DEST_FILE_PATH); } Next, implement the contract. Naturally, a Solidity one. src/status_message.sol // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.19; contract StatusMessage { mapping(address => string) records; function setStatus(string memory status) public payable { address accountId = msg.sender; records[accountId] = status; } function getStatus(address accountId) public view returns (string memory) { return records[accountId]; } } The contract has a single mapping records that stores a message and its owner. Additionally, exposes two entry points: setStatus (sets current's sender message) and getStatus. Following, let's define a lib.rs file. src/lib.rs mod status_message; pub use status_message::{StatusMessage, StatusMessageDeployer, StatusMessageRef}; #[cfg(test)] mod test; The file is straightforward: registers a status_message rust module, reexports some Odra abstractions, and adds a test module. Lastly, we can test our contract. Like the original solidity contract, our Odra contract exposes two entry points: set_message() and get_message(). The test code looks like any other Odra test: we use StatusMessageDeployer to instantiate a contract, which gets us a reference to interact with the contract. src/test.rs use odra::{test_env, types::Address}; use super::*; const ACCOUNT: fn() -> Address = || odra::test_env::get_account(1); #[test] fn set_get_message() { let mut contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default(); test_env::set_caller(ACCOUNT()); contract.set_status("hello".to_string()); assert_eq!("hello".to_string(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT()))); } #[test] fn get_nonexistent_message() { let contract = StatusMessageDeployer::default(); assert_eq!( String::new(), contract.get_status(Some(ACCOUNT())) ); } cargo odra test # test against MockVM # or cargo odra test -b casper # build a wasm file and test against CasperVM status-message ├── src │ ├── lib.rs │ ├── status_message.sol │ └── test.rs ├── build.rs ├── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml Full example available here. ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"CappedErc20​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#cappederc20","content":"A more complex, real-world example is a CappedErc20 contract. It is a ERC20 Ownable, Burnable and Capped token contract. plascoin.sol // ... // rest of the code contract Plascoin is ERC20Capped, ERC20Burnable, Ownable { constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint256 cap_, address initialOwner) ERC20(name_, symbol_) ERC20Capped(cap_) Ownable(initialOwner) { } function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner { _mint(account, amount); } function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal override(ERC20, ERC20Capped) { super._update(from, to, value); } } You can check out the full source code here. Deployment of such a contract onto the Casper testnet is straightforward. We are just two steps from it. # to make sure the contract works as expected # we execute cargo odra test command to build and run tests cargo odra test -b casper # deploy onto the testnet casper-client put-deploy --node-address {{NODE_ADDRESS}} --chain-name casper-test --secret-key {{SECRET_KEY}} \\ --session-path {{CONTRACT_WASM}} \\ --payment-amount 130000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'{{CONTRACT_PACKAGE_HASH_NAMED_KEY}}'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='{{name}}'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string='{{symbol}}'" \\ --session-arg "cap:u256='{{cap}}'" \\ --session-arg "initial_owner:opt_key='{{owner}}'" Literally in 5 minutes I was able to: Build a wasm file from Solidity source codeSuccessfully deploy the contract onto Testnet,Mint some tokens,And transfer them. Finally, we compare the costs of Solidity-to-Odra contract and a native CEP-18 implementation. Despite the contracts being different in terms of the internal logic and exposed entry points, such comparison gives us some insight into Nysa's efficiency. action\tCEP-18\tNysadeploy\t143.87\t93.37 transfer\t1.29\t1.36 ","version":null,"tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Nysa","url":"/blog/Nysa#conclusion","content":"Nysa is at early stage of development, but already has shown a huge potential. In a few simple steps, you can take advantage of an existing smart contract and convert it into an Odra module. The module can be a standalone contract, or a building block of a bigger contract. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.5.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.5.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.5.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.5.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.4.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.4.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.4.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.4.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra + CosmWasm","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm","content":"","keywords":"","version":null},{"title":"CosmWasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#cosmwasm","content":"CosmWasm is a smart contract platform for building dApps on the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem. The platform is designed as a module that can be integrated into the Cosmos SDK, enabling developers who are already building blockchains with the Cosmos SDK to easily incorporate CosmWasm smart contract functionality without the need to modify their existing code. It uses the Rust programming language, so is potentially a perfect candidate for an Odra backend. There are many blockchains like Osmosis, Secret Network, Juno that utilize CosmWasm. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Show me your code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#show-me-your-code","content":"I would like to write a Counter smart contract that is CosmWasm compatible. What are the requirements? It should store a u32 value. The initial value it set by the contract deployer.The value can be incremented.The value can read from the storage.The contract can call another contract and increment its counter. So let's write an Odra module first. counter.rs use odra::{types::{Address, event::OdraEvent}, Variable, contract_env}; use self::events::{Init, ValueUpdated}; #[odra::module] pub struct Counter { pub value: Variable<u32> } #[odra::module] impl Counter { #[odra(init)] pub fn init(&mut self, value: u32) { self.value.set(value); <Init as OdraEvent>::emit(Init { value, }); } pub fn increment(&mut self) { let old_value = self.value.get_or_default(); let new_value = old_value + 1; self.value.set(new_value); ValueUpdated { old_value, new_value, operator: contract_env::caller() }.emit(); } pub fn cross_increment(&mut self, counter_address: Address) { CounterRef::at(counter_address).increment(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } mod events { use odra::types::Address; #[derive(odra::Event)] pub struct ValueUpdated { pub old_value: u32, pub new_value: u32, pub operator: Address } #[derive(odra::Event)] pub struct Init { pub value: u32, } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn deploy() { let counter = CounterDeployer::init(10); assert_eq!(10, counter.get_value()); } #[test] fn increment() { let mut counter = CounterDeployer::init(10); counter.increment(); assert_eq!(11, counter.get_value()); } } But wait, I mentioned CosmWasm, did I? Here the beauty of Odra comes into play. Let's use cargo-odra. cargo odra build -b cosmos And... that's it, congratulations! We have just written and build our first CosmWasm contract. As you see, it is nothing different from building a contract for Casper. No additional code, we only changed the -b flag. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploy​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#deploy","content":"We have just built a wasm file, but is it really a fully functional contract? As a battlefield let's choose Juno Network (if you would like to read more about smart contract development on Juno read this Quick Start tutorial). This is an arbitrary choice, each client is built upon a so-called Wasm Zone wasmd, and its interface is alike. Assuming you already know how to interact with Juno testnet, let's move to the fun part. But before we go, to keep things simple, let's prepare a justfile. It'll make our interactions with the blockchain much easier. See full version. justfile NODE := "--node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443" CHAIN_ID := "--chain-id uni-6" QUERY_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS := "--gas-prices 0.025ujunox --gas auto --gas-adjustment 1.3 --broadcast-mode block" EXEC_FLAGS := NODE + " " + CHAIN_ID + " " + TRANSACTION_DEFAULTS get-address NAME: junod keys show {{NAME}} | grep -o juno.* store-wasm WASM_PATH SENDER: junod tx wasm store \\ {{WASM_PATH}} --from {{SENDER}} {{EXEC_FLAGS}} init-contract CODE_ID VALUE SENDER CONTRACT_NAME: junod tx wasm instantiate \\ {{CODE_ID}} \\ `just run-args-parser '{"name": "init", "args": [ { "value" : {{VALUE}} }]}'` \\ --label '{{CONTRACT_NAME}}' --from {{SENDER}} \\ --admin `just get-address {{SENDER}}` \\ {{EXEC_FLAGS}} exec-increment ADDRESS SENDER: junod tx wasm execute \\ {{ADDRESS}} \\ `just run-args-parser '{"name": "increment"}'` \\ --from {{SENDER}} \\ {{EXEC_FLAGS}} query-get-value ADDRESS: junod q wasm contract-state smart {{ADDRESS}} \\ `just run-args-parser '{"name": "get_value"}'` {{QUERY_FLAGS}} Ok, we are ready to go. First, a CosmWasm contract needs to be stored, technically is not a contract yet. Like a larva waiting to morph into a butterfly (sorry for that). There are three ways to interact with a contract. Instantiate - in other words, a constructor call. Once the contract is instantiated, it gets an address.Execute - call an entrypoint that modifies the state.Query - read the contract's state. Now, let's take a look at how to do it using the tools we have just prepared. # args: # the path to a wasm file, # the name under we store the private key. just store-wasm counter.wasm odra ... raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgStoreCode"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"store_code","attributes":[{"key":"code_checksum","value":"9fb9e7f39170de2628892ed5eecc556e2487267b30bb2c9656f8c7d1cd9f9a59"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]}]}]' ... txhash: 1A8BA520E980C5ABCBCFA6F62D68B6BB82E780544605DE4DD5C6B1C5E966441B Great, our code is successfully stored. Form the logs we can read now the code_id which we will use to initialize the contract. # args: # code id taken from the previous tx, # counter initial value, # named private key, # contract label. just init-contract 286 1 odra "My Counter" ... raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"instantiate","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"code_id","value":"286"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgInstantiateContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]},{"type":"wasm-Init","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"value","value":"1"}]}]}]' ... txhash: 8DC53F95805349C3763CF4AF9527CAB2AEBEC77B240EFD3801C61231D8748F26 Fantastic, the contract has been initialized and we have its address - juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g. It's time to increment the counter. # args: # contract address taken from the previous tx, # named private key just exec-increment juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g odra ... raw_log: '[{"events":[{"type":"execute","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"}]},{"type":"message","attributes":[{"key":"action","value":"/cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract"},{"key":"module","value":"wasm"},{"key":"sender","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]},{"type":"wasm","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"action","value":"increment"}]},{"type":"wasm-ValueUpdated","attributes":[{"key":"_contract_address","value":"juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g"},{"key":"old_value","value":"1"},{"key":"new_value","value":"2"},{"key":"operator","value":"juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh"}]}]}]' ... txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 Finally, we expected, the value to be equal to 2 (the initial value was 1 and we incremented it once). # args: # contract address just query-get-value juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g data: 2 Indeed, as expected the current counter value is 2. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Show me your transaction​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#show-me-your-transaction","content":"I get it, you don't want to do it all by yourself. So let's take a closer look at one of my transactions. junod q tx 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 --node https://rpc.uni.juno.deuslabs.fi:443 --chain-id uni-6 ... logs: - events: - attributes: - key: _contract_address value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g type: execute - attributes: - key: action value: /cosmwasm.wasm.v1.MsgExecuteContract - key: module value: wasm - key: sender value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh type: message - attributes: - key: _contract_address value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g - key: action value: increment type: wasm - attributes: - key: _contract_address value: juno10yszsgq4460a57ztuw943h5j3c9l0eyx3algzq080gatl0thecls5ttk7g - key: old_value value: "1" - key: new_value value: "2" - key: operator value: juno1le848rjac00nezzq46v5unxujaltdf270vhtfh type: wasm-ValueUpdated ... txhash: 52141844321B8321DA71D073D4FA0865E73C3940153373CA7EF832D15BC3C2B2 If you are familiar Cosmos ecosystem, you can see that there is an attribute containing the performed action (increment) (If there were some parameters, they would be included in this attribute). We can find here also our ValueUpdated event with its arguments old_value, new_value and operator. Wow, we have it, everything worked as intended! ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#conclusion","content":"Wouldn't it be great to replace Casper Erc20 and Cosmos Erc20 with a super-simple single Odra Erc20 implementation? The Counter contract is just a POC, and there is still a long road ahead of us. This simple example shows that features like storage, events, and cross-contract calls can be unified in a simple readable interface. CosmWasm integration hasn't been published yet, but if you want to experiment by yourself, check our GitHub (don't forget to update cargo-odra as well). ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Join us​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra + CosmWasm","url":"/blog/odra-cosmwasm#join-us","content":"Interested? Join our Discord, our Twitter or write us at contact@odra.dev. ","version":null,"tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.6.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.6.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.6.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.6.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.7.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.7.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.7.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper exampleto find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.7.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.8.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.8.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.8.1/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building contracts manually","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Building the contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#building-the-contract-manually","content":"To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract info Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build. Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under the name my_project_build_contract.wasm. The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file: mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Optimizing the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#optimizing-the-contract","content":"To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool: wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used. wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm danger This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not fully compatible with the Casper execution engine. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Running the tests manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#running-the-tests-manually","content":"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. To run tests agains Casper backend, the following command needs to be used: ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Wrapping up​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/building-manually#wrapping-up","content":"Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project. To do that, we can use the following set of commands: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Attributes","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#payable","content":"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#example","content":"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env() .emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Non Reentrant​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#non-reentrant","content":"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions. In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#example-1","content":"#[odra::module] pub struct NonReentrantCounter { counter: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl NonReentrantCounter { #[odra(non_reentrant)] pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) { if n > 0 { self.count(); ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1); } } } impl NonReentrantCounter { fn count(&mut self) { let c = self.counter.get_or_default(); self.counter.set(c + 1); } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError}; #[test] fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11); assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into()); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Mixing attributes​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/attributes#mixing-attributes","content":"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. To apply multiple attributes, you can write: #[odra(payable, non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } or #[odra(payable)] #[odra(non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } In both cases attributes order does not matter. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Recap and Basic Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#recap-and-basic-concepts","content":"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values. Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract. Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key. List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over. If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-storage-concepts-1","content":"","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Sequence​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#sequence","content":"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. pub struct Sequence<T> where T: Num + One + OdraType { value: Var<T> } The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Advanced Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-mapping","content":"In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type derived from odra::OdraType. However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state. Let's consider the following example: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken; #[odra::module] pub struct Mappings { strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>, tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken> } #[odra::module] impl Mappings { ... pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 { self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply() } pub fn get_string_api( &self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String ) -> String { let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3)); opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()) } } As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value. note Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers. Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule. Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"AdvancedStorage Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#advancedstorage-contract","content":"The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts. use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::modules::Token; #[odra::module] pub struct AdvancedStorage { counter: Sequence<u32>, tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>, } impl AdvancedStorage { pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 { self.counter.get_current_value() } pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 { self.counter.next_value() } pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 { let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.balance_of(&address) } pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) { let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.mint(amount, to); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/advanced-storage#conclusion","content":"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are: Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage Layout","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Casper VM Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#casper-vm-perspective","content":"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays. Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look like: pub trait CasperStorage { fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>; fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>); } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#odra-perspective","content":"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider this straightforward storage definition: #[odra::module] pub struct Token { name: Var<String>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256> } The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String andbalances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys andU256 as values. The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more complex example: #[odra::module] pub struct Loans { lenders: SubModule<Token>, borrowers: SubModule<Token>, } The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees thatlenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage dictionary. Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout operates. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Key generation.​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#key-generation","content":"Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module. While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual implementation. Loans { lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0000 name: 0, // key: 0x0000_0000 balances: 1 // key: 0x0000_0001 }, borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0001 name: 0, // key: 0x0001_0000 balances: 1 // key: 0x0001_0001 } } Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in thestorage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as demonstrated in the example. For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a key: 0x0001_0001_1234_abcd Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then encoded in hexadecimal format. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Value serialization​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/storage-layout#value-serialization","content":"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper'sBytes types. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Memory allocators","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Using a different allocator​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Memory allocators","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/using-different-allocator#using-a-different-allocator","content":"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project: [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] } If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#contract-env","content":"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#events","content":"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity. Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed: __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.__events_length - the evens count.__events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas. Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key. So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract. A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[derive(Event)]. note Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])]. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#payable","content":"The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key. Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse. Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts. The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value(). note Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Revert​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#revert","content":"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Context​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#context","content":"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack. The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#test-env","content":"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine. In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000). The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value. Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#usage","content":"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -bparameter: cargo odra test -b casper If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run: cargo odra build -b casper ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a contract to Casper network​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network","content":"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool or using the Odra's Livenet integration. Let's explore the first option to better understand the process. note If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"WASM arguments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#wasm-arguments","content":"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set: odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable. Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments. When working with the test env via cargo odra or when usingLivenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather usecasper-client directly, you have to pass them manually: ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy Counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#example-deploy-counter","content":"To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:42" For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC721​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc721","content":"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory. Firstly contract needs to be compiled. cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory. Now it's time to deploy the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \\ --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'" It's done. The contract is deployed and ready to use. Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC721 module. To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key in your account's named keys. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC1155​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc1155","content":"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section. Contract compilation: cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token Contract deployment: casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Sending CSPR to a contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#sending-cspr-to-a-contract","content":"Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section. What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract. Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasmwe maintain. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using proxy_caller.wasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm","content":"To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments: contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse. Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. You have to build it using your SDK. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/casper#execution","content":"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] macro. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OdraVM","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm#usage","content":"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run cargo odra test You are running your code against it. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Architecture​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm#architecture","content":"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State. The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address. Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM. Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/odra-vm#execution","content":"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] macro is responsible for converting your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is a backend?","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env","content":"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract. It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - for example, to implement Mapping, Odra requires some kind of storage integration. The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, instead of messing with the blockchain internals. Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#host-env","content":"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests. This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/what-is-a-backend#whats-next","content":"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Delegate","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Overview​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate#overview","content":"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand. You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/0.8.1/advanced/delegate#code-examples","content":"Consider the following basic example for better understanding: use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::{Module, SubModule}, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256); pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256); pub fn name(&self) -> String; pub fn symbol(&self) -> String; pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8; pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; pub fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality. The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities. Let's take a look at another example. use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct DeFiPlatform { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20>, exchange: SubModule<Exchange> } #[odra::module] impl DeFiPlatform { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); self.exchange.init(exchange_rate); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); pub fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; } to self.exchange { pub fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address); pub fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure. Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cargo Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Managing projects​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#managing-projects","content":"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}: cargo odra new --name my-project This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder: [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running: cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created with the full template. By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter: cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release cargo odra new -n my-project -s 0.8.1 # will use a version released on crates.io The second way of creating a project is by using init command: cargo odra init --name my-project It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project in the current, empty directory. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#generating-code","content":"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command: cargo odra generate -c counter This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, visit Odra.toml. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#testing","content":"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one: cargo odra test It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVMand implements all the features Odra uses. When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -boption: cargo odra test -b casper In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat. Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end. If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command (which is run in the background obviously): cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute: cargo odra test -- two Of course, you can do the same when using the backend: cargo odra test -b casper -- two ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#building-code","content":"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. To do so, simply run: cargo odra build If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. Notice, that this command does not require the -b option. If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option: cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating contract schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#generating-contract-schema","content":"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command: cargo odra schema This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you. Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cargo-odra#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created for us and explain their purpose. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Communication","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Host Communication","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/communicating-with-host#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code we presented in fact works! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Setup​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#setup","content":"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from examples folder: # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used # to deploy the contracts. # We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit # the secret key to the repository. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777 # Chain name of the network. Known values: # - integration-test ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test # Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts. # Main secret key will be 0th account. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. Let's go through the code: fn main() { // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize // the environment: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the // OdraVM backend. let owner = env.caller(); // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain, // so we need to provide them // if we did not import their secret keys. let recipient = "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Arguments for the contract init method. let name = String::from("Plascoin"); let symbol = String::from("PLS"); let decimals = 10u8; let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000); // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify // the gas limit for each action. // The limit will be used for every consecutive action // until we change it. env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64); // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend. let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply: Some(initial_supply) }; let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args); // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend. println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Uncomment to load existing contract. // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract // that is already deployed. // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address); // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later. println!("Token name: {}", token.name()); // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment, // so we change the amount of gas env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64); token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000)); println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner)); println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient)); } note The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of theCargo.toml file: [bin] name = "erc20_on_livenet" path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#usage","content":"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled: cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet note Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file. A part of a sample output should look like this: ... 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 💁 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed. Owner's balance: 4004 Recipient's balance: 4000 Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant and cost us nothing. How it is possible? info You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example can be seen here. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"How Livenet backend works​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#how-livenet-backend-works","content":"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free. This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free. Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract (see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Multiple enviroments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/0.8.1/backends/livenet#multiple-enviroments","content":"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, multiple nodes or even multiple chains. To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will override the value from the .env file. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livene To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Directory structure","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#cargotoml","content":"Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file: [package] name = "sample" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.1" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.1" [[bin]] name = "sample_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "sample_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also added as a dev dependency. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#odratoml","content":"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build andcargo odra test: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"src/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#src","content":"This is the folder where your smart contract files live. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"bin/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#bin","content":"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"target/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#target","content":"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"wasm/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/directory-structure#wasm","content":"WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files and deploy them on the blockchain. What's next Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, namely the Odra.toml file. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Errors","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors#testing-errors","content":"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner: examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs}; use odra::host::Deployer; use odra::prelude::*; #[test] fn test_owner_error() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let owner = test_env.get_account(0); let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1); test_env.set_caller(owner); let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs { name: "OwnedContract".to_string() }; let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner); assert_eq!( owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()), Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into()) ); } } Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult.OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name. In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into(). ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/errors#whats-next","content":"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cross calls","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract Ref​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls#contract-ref","content":"We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract. In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts. Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, by the #[odra::module] attribute. To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above. The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module]impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract. External Contracts Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI. For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of. Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere. #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Adder { fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32; } Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5) ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Loading the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls#loading-the-contract","content":"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer: examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef { let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address) } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/cross-calls#testing","content":"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_cross_calls() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let init_args = CrossContractInitArgs { math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address() }; let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8); } } Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_ext() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5) assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3); } fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address { let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs); *contract.address() } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper Internals","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Header​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#header","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Struct​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#struct","content":"flipper.rs /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] macro. In the struct definition itself, we state all the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something likeVar<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at thenext article. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Impl​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#impl","content":"flipper.rs /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } ... Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] macro. Odra will take allpub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, you can create a separate impl section without the macro - all functions defined there, even marked with pub will be not callable. The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it. flipper.rs ... /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } ... The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#tests","content":"flipper.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } ... You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of the InitArgs trait provided with the framework. The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/flipper-internals#whats-next","content":"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules#testing","content":"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple: examples/src/features/modules.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::ModulesContractHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/modules#whats-next","content":"We will see how to handle native token transfers. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Adding a new contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml#adding-a-new-contract-manually","content":"Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly. For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally look like this: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Counter" ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/odra-toml#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famousFlipper contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events#testing-events","content":"Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted: examples/src/features/events.rs use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_party() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); test_env.emitted_event( party_contract.address(), &PartyStarted { caller: test_env.get_account(0), block_time: 0 } ); // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted"); // You can also check how many events were emitted. assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1); } To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/events#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Native token","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/native-token#testing","content":"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function -balance_of: examples/src/features/native_token.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::PublicWalletHostRef; use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero()); my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit(); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100)); my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25)); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75)); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage interaction","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Var​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#var","content":"The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract { barks: Var<bool>, weight: Var<u32>, name: Var<String>, walks: Var<Vec<u32>>, } You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)! Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs use odra::Var; #[odra::module] impl DogContract { pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) { self.barks.set(barks); self.weight.set(weight); self.name.set(name); self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default()); } pub fn barks(&self) -> bool { self.barks.get_or_default() } pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 { self.weight.get_or_default() } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() as u32 } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.iter().sum() } } As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs ... self.barks.get_or_default() ... note Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable doesn't have to be initialized! To modify the data, use the set() function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs self.barks.set(barks); A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage. In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() } But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, especially for larger sets of data. To tackle this issue following two types were created. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#mapping","content":"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract2 { name: Var<String>, friends: Mapping<String, u32>, } In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values (amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) { let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone()); self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1); } pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 { self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name) } The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type. note If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with a Var working together: core/src/list.rs use odra::{List, Var}; pub struct List<T> { values: Mapping<u32, T>, index: Var<u32> } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"List​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#list","content":"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, we'll use the list: examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract3 { name: Var<String>, walks: List<u32>, } As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk (it writes the data to the storage): examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract3 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.len() } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.iter().sum() } pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) { self.walks.push(length); } } Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all the cases for you. info All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Custom Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#custom-types","content":"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors. Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must derive from OdraType: use odra::{Address, OdraType}; #[derive(OdraType)] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } note Each field of your struct must be an OdraType. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/storage-interaction#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing#hostenv","content":"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works: examples/src/features/testing.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*}; #[test] fn env() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract".to_string() }; let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator = testing_contract.created_by(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract2".to_string() }; let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by(); assert_ne!(creator, creator2); } } In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_callerto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller()the function we are calling inside the contract. HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests: fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just nowfn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given addressfn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_timefn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; by default, you start with the 0-th accountfn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/0.8.1/basics/testing#whats-next","content":"We take a look at how Odra handles errors! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"odra-examples","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"odra-examples","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/odra-examples#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installation","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#prerequisites","content":"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine: Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt) We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves. With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown note wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installing Cargo Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#installing-cargo-odra","content":"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed. To install it, simply execute the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --locked To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type: cargo odra --help If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Creating a new Odra project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#creating-a-new-odra-project","content":"To create a new project, simply execute: cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract by executing: cargo odra test This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM: cargo odra test -b casper Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/installation#whats-next","content":"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper example","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Let's flip​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper#lets-flip","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; /// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings /// or/and another modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } /// Retrieves value from the storage. /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned. pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } #[test] fn test_two_flippers() { let env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); contract1.flip(); assert!(contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); } } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper#testing","content":"To run the tests, execute the following command: cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/0.8.1/getting-started/flipper#whats-next","content":"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Access Control","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#code","content":"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer. A Role type is used across the module.A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.A Role can be renounced.A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.Each action triggers an event.Unauthorized access stops contract execution. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Project Structure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#project-structure","content":"access-control ├── src │ ├── access │ │ ├── access_control.rs │ │ ├── events.rs │ │ └── errors.rs │ └── lib.rs |── build.rs |── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#events-and-errors","content":"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions. events.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Event}; use super::access_control::Role; #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct RoleGranted { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct RoleRevoked { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct RoleAdminChanged { pub role: Role, pub previous_admin_role: Role, pub new_admin_role: Role } L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role. errors.rs use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { MissingRole = 20_000, RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001, } Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/access-control#module","content":"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation. access_control.rs use super::events::*; use super::errors::Error; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{module::Module, Address, Mapping}; pub type Role = [u8; 32]; pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32]; #[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])] pub struct AccessControl { roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>, role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role> } #[odra::module] impl AccessControl { pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool { self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address)) } pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role { let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role); if let Some(admin) = admin_role { admin } else { DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE } } pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address); } pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if address != &self.env().caller() { self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress); } self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } } impl AccessControl { pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole); } } pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) { let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role); self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role); self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged { role: *role, previous_admin_role, new_admin_role: *admin_role }); } pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true); self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false); self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } } L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings: roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role. L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Using odra-modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Available modules​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#available-modules","content":"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#tokens","content":"Erc20​ The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard. Erc721​ The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions. The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs. The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules. Erc1155​ The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension. The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules. Wrapped native token​ The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, it was inspired by the WETH. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Access​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#access","content":"AccessControl​ This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API. Ownable​ This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner. The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using thetransfer_ownership() function. Ownable2Step​ An extension of the Ownable module. Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Security​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/0.8.1/examples/using-odra-modules#security","content":"Pausable​ A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"ERC-20","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Ownable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: storing a single value,defining a constructor,error handling,defining and emitting events.registering a contact in a test environment,interactions with the test environment,assertions (value, events, errors assertions). ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#code","content":"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement. Module has an initializer that should be called once. Only the current owner can set a new owner.Read the current owner.A function that fails if called by a non-owner account. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Define a module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#define-a-module","content":"ownable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] pub struct Ownable { owner: Var<Option<Address>> } That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on. L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Init the module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#init-the-module","content":"ownable.rs ... use odra::{Event, OdraError}; ... #[odra::module] impl Ownable { pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized) } self.owner.set(Some(owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner }); } } #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1, } #[derive(Event, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct OwnershipChanged { pub prev_owner: Option<Address>, pub new_owner: Address } Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one: L7 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].L9 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.L23-26 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the OdraError derive macro is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.L10-L12 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument. L14 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.L28-L32 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct must derive from odra::Event. We highly recommend to derive Debug, PartialEq and Eq for testing purpose.L16 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Features implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#features-implementation","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { ... pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) { if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() { self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner) } } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); let current_owner = self.get_owner(); self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(current_owner), new_owner: *new_owner }); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { match self.owner.get_or_default() { Some(owner) => owner, None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized) } } } #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { NotOwner = 1, OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2, OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3, } The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along. L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#test","content":"ownable.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}; fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) { let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OwnableInitArgs { owner: env.get_account(0) }; (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0)) } #[test] fn initialization_works() { let (ownable, env, owner) = setup(); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner } ); } #[test] fn owner_can_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(owner); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(owner), new_owner } ); } #[test] fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!( ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), Err(Error::NotOwner.into()) ); } } L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract. note You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract. L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function. note The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account. L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#summary","content":"The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/ownable#whats-next","content":"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: Advanced storage using key-value pairs,Odra types such as Address,Advanced event assertion. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#code","content":"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. It is designed to store the following data: Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.Total supply.Balances of individual users.Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#module-definition","content":"erc20.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Metadata​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#metadata","content":"erc20.rs ... use odra::Event; ... #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.symbol.get_or_default() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.decimals.get_or_default() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } } impl Erc20 { pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } L6 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.L8-L14 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.L33 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.L34-L43 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for: use odra::UnwrapOrRevert; let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default(); let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()); self.balances.set(address, new_balance); ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Core​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#core","content":"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks. erc20.rs ... use odra::OdraError; #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { ... pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } } impl Erc20 { ... fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner); if *amount > owner_balance { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } let new_allowance = allowance - *amount; self.allowances .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 1, InsufficientAllowance = 2, } Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation? ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#test","content":"erc20.rs #[cfg(test)] pub mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}}; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } #[test] fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, recipient, spender) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let approved_amount = 3_000.into(); let transfer_amount = 1_000.into(); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY)); // Owner approves Spender. erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount); // Allowance was recorded. assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount } )); // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient. env.set_caller(spender); erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount); // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount ); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer")); } #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { // Given a new instance. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the spender's allowance is zero. let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); // Then transfer fails. assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } } L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/erc20#whats-next","content":"Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#contract","content":"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout. The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping. We will expose two methods: The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping. custom_item.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, OdraType, SubModule, Var}; // A custom type with a vector of another custom type #[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(OdraType, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } // The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule #[odra::module] pub struct CustomItem { version: Var<u32>, meta: Var<Metadata>, data: SubModule<Data> } #[odra::module] impl CustomItem { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) { let meta = Metadata { name, description, prices: vec![ Price { value: price_1 }, Price { value: price_2 } ] }; self.meta.set(meta); self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1); } pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) { self.data.value.set(value); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20); } } // A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule #[odra::module] struct Data { value: Var<u32>, inner: SubModule<InnerData>, } // A submodule with a mapping #[odra::module] struct InnerData { named_values: Mapping<String, u32>, } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#deploying-the-contract","content":"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file. cargo odra build -c custom_item Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\ --payment-amount 100000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \\ --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \\ --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \\ --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'" Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 2000000000 \\ --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\ --session-entry-point "set_data" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \\ --session-arg "name2:string='bob'" ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Storage Layout​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#storage-layout","content":"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout. The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. Storage Layout CustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1 data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0010_0000 (2 << 4) + 0 inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0010_0001_0000 ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4 + 0 The actual key is obtained as follows: Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.Concatenate the index with the mapping data.Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded). In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Reading the state​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/build-deploy-read#reading-the-state","content":"RustTypeScript main.rs use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity}; use casper_types::{ bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes}, U256, }; // replace with your contract hash const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-..."; const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc"; const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1"; const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state"; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> { let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, None, ) .await .unwrap() .result .state_root_hash .unwrap(); // Read the value from the `state` dictionary. let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, state_root_hash, DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey { key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(), dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(), dictionary_item_key: key, }, ) .await .unwrap() .result .stored_value; // We expect the value to be a CLValue if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result { // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType. cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec() } else { vec![] } } async fn metadata() -> Metadata { // The key for the metadata is 1, and it has no mapping data let key = key(1, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the name and store the remaining bytes let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // Read the description and store the remaining bytes let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); let mut prices = vec![]; // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it for _ in 0..size { // Read the value and store the remaining bytes let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); bytes = rem; prices.push(Price { value }); } // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic. // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here. Metadata { name, description, prices } } async fn value() -> u32 { // The key for the value is (2 << 4) + 0, and it has no mapping data let key = key(2 << 4, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 { // The key for the named value is ((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, and the mapping data is the name as bytes let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap(); let key = key(((2 << 4) + 1) << 4, &mapping_data); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } fn main() { let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap(); dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(value())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice"))); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob"))); } // The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data // The algorithm is as follows: // 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array // 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data // 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b // 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded) fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String { let mut key = Vec::new(); key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref()); key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data); let hashed_key = blake2b(&key); hex::encode(&hashed_key) } fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] { let mut result = [0u8; 32]; let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32) .expect("should create hasher"); let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes); blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result) .expect("should copy hash to the result array"); result } cargo run [src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata { name: "My Contract", description: "My Description", prices: [ Price { value: 123, }, Price { value: 321, }, ], } [src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666 [src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20 [src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10 ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.9.0/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.9.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.9.0/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.9.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.9.1/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.9.1"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/0.9.1/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"0.9.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Pausable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#code","content":"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module. Check the state - is it paused or not.State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.Switch the state. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events and Error​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#events-and-error","content":"There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way. Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser. pauseable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Event, OdraError}; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { PausedRequired = 1_000, UnpausedRequired = 1_001, } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Paused { pub account: Address } #[derive(Event, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] pub struct Unpaused { pub account: Address } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#module-definition","content":"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused. pauseable.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])] pub struct Pausable { is_paused: Var<bool> } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Checks and guards​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#checks-and-guards","content":"Now, let's move to state checks and guards. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool { self.is_paused.get_or_default() } pub fn require_not_paused(&self) { if self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired); } } pub fn require_paused(&self) { if !self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired); } } } L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Actions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#actions","content":"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.require_not_paused(); self.is_paused.set(true); self.env().emit_event(Paused { account: self.env().caller() }); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.require_paused(); self.is_paused.set(false); self.env().emit_event(Unpaused { account: self.env().caller() }); } } pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused). ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/pauseable#pausable-counter","content":"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused). pauseable.rs ... use odra::SubModule; ... #[odra::module] pub struct PausableCounter { value: Var<u32>, pauseable: SubModule<Pausable> } #[odra::module] impl PausableCounter { pub fn increment(&mut self) { self.pauseable.require_not_paused(); let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1; self.value.set(new_value); } pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.pause(); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.unpause(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn increment_only_if_unpaused() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); contract.increment(); contract.pause(); assert_eq!( contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(), Error::UnpausedRequired.into() ); assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1); } } As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/next/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Recap and Basic Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#recap-and-basic-concepts","content":"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values. Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract. Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key. List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over. If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-storage-concepts-1","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Sequence​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#sequence","content":"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. pub struct Sequence<T> where T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped { value: Var<T> } The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Advanced Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-mapping","content":"In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state. Let's consider the following example: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken; #[odra::module] pub struct Mappings { strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>, tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken> } #[odra::module] impl Mappings { ... pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 { self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply() } pub fn get_string_api( &self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String ) -> String { let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3)); opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()) } } As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value. note Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers. Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule. Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"AdvancedStorage Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#advancedstorage-contract","content":"The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts. use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::modules::Token; #[odra::module] pub struct AdvancedStorage { counter: Sequence<u32>, tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>, } impl AdvancedStorage { pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 { self.counter.get_current_value() } pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 { self.counter.next_value() } pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 { let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.balance_of(&address) } pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) { let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.mint(amount, to); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/next/advanced/advanced-storage#conclusion","content":"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are: Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Attributes","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#payable","content":"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#example","content":"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env() .emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Non Reentrant​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#non-reentrant","content":"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions. In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#example-1","content":"#[odra::module] pub struct NonReentrantCounter { counter: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl NonReentrantCounter { #[odra(non_reentrant)] pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) { if n > 0 { self.count(); ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1); } } } impl NonReentrantCounter { fn count(&mut self) { let c = self.counter.get_or_default(); self.counter.set(c + 1); } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError}; #[test] fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11); assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into()); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Mixing attributes​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/next/advanced/attributes#mixing-attributes","content":"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. To apply multiple attributes, you can write: #[odra(payable, non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } or #[odra(payable)] #[odra(non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } In both cases attributes order does not matter. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building contracts manually","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Building the contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#building-the-contract-manually","content":"To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract info Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build. Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under the name my_project_build_contract.wasm. The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file: mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Optimizing the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#optimizing-the-contract","content":"To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool: wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used. wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm danger This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not fully compatible with the Casper execution engine. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Running the tests manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#running-the-tests-manually","content":"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. To run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used: ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Wrapping up​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/next/advanced/building-manually#wrapping-up","content":"Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project. To do that, we can use the following set of commands: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OwnedToken","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#code","content":"What should our module be capable of? Conform the Erc20 interface.Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.Enable the current owner to designate a new owner. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#module-definition","content":"Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules. owned_token.rs use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::module::SubModule; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules! ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Delegation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#delegation","content":"owned_token.rs ... use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; ... #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.erc20.name() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.erc20.symbol() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.erc20.decimals() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.erc20.total_supply() } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.balance_of(address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.approve(spender, amount); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { self.ownable.get_owner() } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner); } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness: L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/0.8.1/tutorials/owned-token#summary","content":"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Memory allocators","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Using a different allocator​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Memory allocators","url":"/docs/next/advanced/using-different-allocator#using-a-different-allocator","content":"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project: [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] } If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage Layout","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Casper VM Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#casper-vm-perspective","content":"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays. Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look like: pub trait CasperStorage { fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>; fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>); } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#odra-perspective","content":"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider this straightforward storage definition: #[odra::module] pub struct Token { name: Var<String>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256> } The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String andbalances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys andU256 as values. The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more complex example: #[odra::module] pub struct Loans { lenders: SubModule<Token>, borrowers: SubModule<Token>, } The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees thatlenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage dictionary. Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout operates. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Key generation.​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#key-generation","content":"Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module. While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual implementation. Loans { lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0001 name: 1, // key: 0x0001_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0001_0010 }, borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010 name: 1, // key: 0x0010_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0010_0010 } } Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in thestorage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as demonstrated in the example. For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a key: 0x0001_0001_1234_abcd Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then encoded in hexadecimal format. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Value serialization​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/next/advanced/storage-layout#value-serialization","content":"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper'sBytes types. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Delegate","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Overview​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate#overview","content":"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand. You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/next/advanced/delegate#code-examples","content":"Consider the following basic example for better understanding: use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256); fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; fn decimals(&self) -> u8; fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality. The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities. Let's take a look at another example. use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct DeFiPlatform { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20>, exchange: SubModule<Exchange> } #[odra::module] impl DeFiPlatform { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); self.exchange.init(exchange_rate); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; } to self.exchange { fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address); fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure. Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"0.8.1"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Add bin directory​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#21-add-bin-directory","content":"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory. You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-cargotoml","content":"There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file. You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.Register bins you added in the previous step.Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process. Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0: 0.8.0Prev [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.0" [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-odratoml","content":"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required. 0.8.0Prev [[contracts]] fqn = "my_project::Flipper" ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.3. Update Smart Contracts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#23-update-smart-contracts","content":"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​ Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.Variable is now Var.Remove odra::contract_env.Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;. 2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​ Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.BlockTime - use u64.EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes. 2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​ 2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​ // Before #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>> } // After #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } 2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​ execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro. 0.8.0Prev use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.3.6. Update events definitions.​ 0.8.0Prev use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Event; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } // Emitting the event self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); 2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​ self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes. fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions. fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed. 2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​ 0.8.0Prev #[odra::module(events = [Transfer])] pub struct Erc721Token { core: SubModule<Erc721Base>, metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable> } 2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​ However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()). 0.8.0Prev #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Token { fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256; } // Usage TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account) 2.3.10. Update constructors.​ Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init. 2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​ The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter. 2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​ Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.4. Update Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#24-update-tests","content":"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.4.1. Contract deployment.​ The way you deploy a contract has changed: You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function. 0.8.0Prev // A contract without init args use super::OwnableHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs) // A contract with init args use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) }; let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); 2.4.2. Host interactions.​ Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences: test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef. 2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​ test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result.try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro. 0.8.0Prev #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } 2.4.4. Testing events.​ assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options. 0.8.0Prev let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ... assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0. 0.8.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event}; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{ errors::Error, events::{Approval, Transfer}, Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs }; use odra::{ casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}, prelude::* }; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } // Other tests... } ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/0.8.1/migrations/to-0.8.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"0.8.1","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OdraVM","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm#usage","content":"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run cargo odra test You are running your code against it. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Architecture​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm#architecture","content":"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State. The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address. Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM. Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/next/backends/odra-vm#execution","content":"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Setup​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#setup","content":"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from examples folder: # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used # to deploy the contracts. # We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit # the secret key to the repository. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777 # Chain name of the network. Known values: # - integration-test ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test # Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts. # Main secret key will be 0th account. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem # If using CSPR.cloud, you can set the auth token here. # CSPR_CLOUD_AUTH_TOKEN= note CSPR.cloud is a service that provides mainnet and testnet Casper nodes on demand. With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. Let's go through the code: fn main() { // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize // the environment: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the // OdraVM backend. let owner = env.caller(); // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain, // so we need to provide them // if we did not import their secret keys. let recipient = "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Arguments for the contract init method. let name = String::from("Plascoin"); let symbol = String::from("PLS"); let decimals = 10u8; let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000); // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify // the gas limit for each action. // The limit will be used for every consecutive action // until we change it. env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64); // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend. let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply: Some(initial_supply) }; let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args); // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend. println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Uncomment to load existing contract. // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract // that is already deployed. // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address); // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later. println!("Token name: {}", token.name()); // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment, // so we change the amount of gas env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64); token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000)); println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner)); println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient)); } note The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of theCargo.toml file: [bin] name = "erc20_on_livenet" path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#usage","content":"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled: cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet note Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file. A part of a sample output should look like this: ... 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 💁 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed. Owner's balance: 4004 Recipient's balance: 4000 Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant and cost us nothing. How it is possible? info You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example can be seen here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"How Livenet backend works​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#how-livenet-backend-works","content":"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free. This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free. Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract (see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Multiple environments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/next/backends/livenet#multiple-environments","content":"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, multiple nodes or even multiple chains. To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will override the value from the .env file. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#contract-env","content":"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#events","content":"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity. Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed: __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.__events_length - the evens count.__events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas. Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key. So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract. A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event]. note Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])]. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#payable","content":"The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key. Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse. Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts. The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value(). note Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Revert​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#revert","content":"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Context​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#context","content":"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack. The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#test-env","content":"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine. In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000). The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value. Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#usage","content":"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -bparameter: cargo odra test -b casper If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run: cargo odra build -b casper ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a contract to Casper network​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network","content":"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool or using the Odra's Livenet integration. Let's explore the first option to better understand the process. note If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"WASM arguments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#wasm-arguments","content":"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set: odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable. Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments. When working with the test env via cargo odra or when usingLivenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather usecasper-client directly, you have to pass them manually: ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy Counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#example-deploy-counter","content":"To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:42" For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC721​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc721","content":"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory. Firstly contract needs to be compiled. cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory. Now it's time to deploy the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \\ --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'" It's done. The contract is deployed and ready to use. Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC721 module. To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key in your account's named keys. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC1155​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc1155","content":"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section. Contract compilation: cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token Contract deployment: casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Sending CSPR to a contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#sending-cspr-to-a-contract","content":"Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section. What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract. Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasmwe maintain. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using proxy_caller.wasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm","content":"To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments: contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse. Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/next/backends/casper#execution","content":"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cargo Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Managing projects​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#managing-projects","content":"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}: cargo odra new --name my-project This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder: [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running: cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created with the full template. By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter: cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release cargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.1.0 # will use a version released on crates.io The second way of creating a project is by using init command: cargo odra init --name my-project It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project in the current, empty directory. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#generating-code","content":"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command: cargo odra generate -c counter This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, visit Odra.toml. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#testing","content":"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one: cargo odra test It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVMand implements all the features Odra uses. When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -boption: cargo odra test -b casper In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat. Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end. If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command (which is run in the background obviously): cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute: cargo odra test -- two Of course, you can do the same when using the backend: cargo odra test -b casper -- two ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#building-code","content":"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. To do so, simply run: cargo odra build If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. Notice, that this command does not require the -b option. If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option: cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating contract schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#generating-contract-schema","content":"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command: cargo odra schema This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you. Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/next/basics/cargo-odra#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created for us and explain their purpose. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is a backend?","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env","content":"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract. It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - for example, to implement Mapping, Odra requires some kind of storage integration. The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, instead of messing with the blockchain internals. Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#host-env","content":"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests. This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/next/backends/what-is-a-backend#whats-next","content":"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Communication","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Host Communication","url":"/docs/next/basics/communicating-with-host#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code we presented in fact works! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Directory structure","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#cargotoml","content":"Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file: [package] name = "sample" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "1.1.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "1.1.0" [build-dependencies] odra-build = "1.1.0" [[bin]] name = "sample_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "sample_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also added as a dev dependency. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#odratoml","content":"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build andcargo odra test: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"src/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#src","content":"This is the folder where your smart contract files live. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"bin/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#bin","content":"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"target/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#target","content":"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"wasm/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/next/basics/directory-structure#wasm","content":"WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files and deploy them on the blockchain. What's next Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, namely the Odra.toml file. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Errors","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/errors","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/next/basics/errors#testing-errors","content":"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner: examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*}; #[test] fn test_owner_error() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let owner = test_env.get_account(0); let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1); test_env.set_caller(owner); let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs { name: "OwnedContract".to_string() }; let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner); assert_eq!( owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()), Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into()) ); } } Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult.OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name. In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into(). ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/next/basics/errors#whats-next","content":"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper Contract Schema","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Odra and CCS​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#odra-and-ccs","content":"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory. note If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema. src/contract.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module( // the name of the contract, default is the module name name = "MyContract", // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate version = "0.1.0", // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used events = [ Created, Updated ], // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used errors = MyErrors )] pub struct MyContract { name: Var<String>, owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl MyContract { /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.owner.set(owner.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Created { name }); } /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Updated { name }); } /// Returns the data of the contract pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data { Data { name: self.name.get_or_default(), owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner), } } } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Data { name: String, owner: Address, } // The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section #[odra::odra_error] pub enum MyErrors { /// The owner is invalid InvalidOwner, /// The name is invalid InvalidName, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Updated { name: String, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Created { name: String, } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating the Schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#generating-the-schema","content":"To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command: cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Output​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-output","content":"The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema: resources/my_contract_schema.json { "casper_contract_schema_version": 1, "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)", "authors": [], "repository": null, "homepage": null, "contract_name": "MyContract", "contract_version": "0.1.0", "types": [ { "struct": { "name": "Created", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Data", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Updated", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } } ], "errors": [ { "name": "InvalidName", "description": "The name is invalid", "discriminant": 1 }, { "name": "InvalidOwner", "description": "The owner is invalid", "discriminant": 0 } ], "entry_points": [ { "name": "update", "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event", "is_mutable": true, "arguments": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false } ], "return_ty": "Unit", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" }, { "name": "get_data", "description": "Returns the data of the contract", "is_mutable": false, "arguments": [], "return_ty": "Data", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" } ], "events": [ { "name": "Created", "ty": "Created" }, { "name": "Updated", "ty": "Updated" } ], "call": { "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm", "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event", "arguments": [ { "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name", "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.", "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override", "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable", "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key", "optional": false } ] } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Fields​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/next/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-fields","content":"casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema.toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cross calls","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract Ref​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls#contract-ref","content":"We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract. In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts. Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, by the #[odra::module] attribute. To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above. The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module]impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract. External Contracts Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI. For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of. Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere. #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Adder { fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32; } Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call: AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5) ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Loading the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls#loading-the-contract","content":"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer: examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef { let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address) } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/next/basics/cross-calls#testing","content":"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_cross_calls() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy( &test_env, CrossContractInitArgs { math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address() } ); assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8); } } Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_ext() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5) assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3); } fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address { let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs); *contract.address() } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/events","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/next/basics/events#testing-events","content":"Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted: examples/src/features/events.rs use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_party() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); test_env.emitted_event( &party_contract, &PartyStarted { caller: test_env.get_account(0), block_time: 0 } ); // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function test_env.emitted(&party_contract, "PartyStarted"); // You can also check how many events were emitted. assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(&party_contract), 1); } To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/next/basics/events#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper Internals","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Header​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#header","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Struct​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#struct","content":"flipper.rs /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something likeVar<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at thenext article. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Impl​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#impl","content":"flipper.rs /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } ... Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take allpub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked with pub will be not callable. The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it. flipper.rs ... /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } ... The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#tests","content":"flipper.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } ... You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of the InitArgs trait provided with the framework. The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/next/basics/flipper-internals#whats-next","content":"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Adding a new contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml#adding-a-new-contract-manually","content":"Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly. For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally look like this: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Counter" ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/next/basics/odra-toml#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famousFlipper contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/next/basics/modules#testing","content":"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple: examples/src/features/modules.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::ModulesContractHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/next/basics/modules#whats-next","content":"We will see how to handle native token transfers. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Native token","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/native-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/next/basics/native-token#testing","content":"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function -balance_of: examples/src/features/native_token.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::PublicWalletHostRef; use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero()); my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit(); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100)); my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25)); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75)); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/next/basics/native-token#hostenv","content":"In a broader context of the host environment (test, livenet), you can also transfer CSPR tokens between accounts: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); //let env = odra_test::env(); let (alice, bob) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1)); env.set_caller(alice); let result = env.transfer_tokens(bob, odra::casper_types::U512::from(100)); ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/testing","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/next/basics/testing#hostenv","content":"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works: examples/src/features/testing.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*}; #[test] fn env() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract".to_string() }; let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator = testing_contract.created_by(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract2".to_string() }; let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by(); assert_ne!(creator, creator2); } } In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_callerto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller()the function we are calling inside the contract. HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests: fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just nowfn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given addressfn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_timefn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; by default, you start with the 0-th accountfn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance, R: Addressable>(&self, contract_address: &R, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/next/basics/testing#whats-next","content":"We take a look at how Odra handles errors! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage interaction","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Var​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#var","content":"The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract { barks: Var<bool>, weight: Var<u32>, name: Var<String>, walks: Var<Vec<u32>>, } You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)! Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract { pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) { self.barks.set(barks); self.weight.set(weight); self.name.set(name); self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default()); } pub fn barks(&self) -> bool { self.barks.get_or_default() } pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 { self.weight.get_or_default() } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() as u32 } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.iter().sum() } } As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs ... self.barks.get_or_default() ... note Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable doesn't have to be initialized! To modify the data, use the set() function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs self.barks.set(barks); A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage. In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() } But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, especially for larger sets of data. To tackle this issue following two types were created. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#mapping","content":"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract2 { name: Var<String>, friends: Mapping<String, u32>, } In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values (amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) { let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone()); self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1); } pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 { self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name) } The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type. note If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with a Var working together: core/src/list.rs use odra::{List, Var}; pub struct List<T> { values: Mapping<u32, T>, index: Var<u32> } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"List​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#list","content":"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, we'll use the list: examples/src/features/storage/list.rs use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract3 { name: Var<String>, walks: List<u32>, } As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk (it writes the data to the storage): examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract3 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.len() } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.iter().sum() } pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) { self.walks.push(length); } } Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all the cases for you. info All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Custom Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#custom-types","content":"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors. Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } #[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8. unit_only_enum.rs enum Enum { Foo = 3, Bar = 2, Baz = 1, } note Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute . ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/next/basics/storage-interaction#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"odra-examples","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/examples/odra-examples","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"odra-examples","url":"/docs/next/examples/odra-examples#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installation","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#prerequisites","content":"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine: Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt) We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves. With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown note wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installing Cargo Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#installing-cargo-odra","content":"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed. To install it, simply execute the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --locked To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type: cargo odra --help If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Creating a new Odra project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#creating-a-new-odra-project","content":"To create a new project, simply execute: cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract by executing: cargo odra test This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM: cargo odra test -b casper Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/installation#whats-next","content":"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using odra-modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Available modules​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#available-modules","content":"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#tokens","content":"CEP-18​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 here. CEP-78​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 here. Erc20​ The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard. Erc721​ The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions. The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs. The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules. Erc1155​ The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension. The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules. Wrapped native token​ The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, it was inspired by the WETH. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Access​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#access","content":"AccessControl​ This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API. Ownable​ This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner. The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using thetransfer_ownership() function. Ownable2Step​ An extension of the Ownable module. Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Security​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/next/examples/using-odra-modules#security","content":"Pausable​ A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Flipper example","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Let's flip​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper#lets-flip","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; /// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings /// or/and another modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } /// Retrieves value from the storage. /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned. pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } #[test] fn test_two_flippers() { let env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); contract1.flip(); assert!(contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper#testing","content":"To run the tests, execute the following command: cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/next/getting-started/flipper#whats-next","content":"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Access Control","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#code","content":"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer. A Role type is used across the module.A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.A Role can be renounced.A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.Each action triggers an event.Unauthorized access stops contract execution. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Project Structure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#project-structure","content":"access-control ├── src │ ├── access │ │ ├── access_control.rs │ │ ├── events.rs │ │ └── errors.rs │ └── lib.rs |── build.rs |── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#events-and-errors","content":"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions. events.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; use super::access_control::Role; #[odra::event] pub struct RoleGranted { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleRevoked { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleAdminChanged { pub role: Role, pub previous_admin_role: Role, pub new_admin_role: Role } L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role. errors.rs #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { MissingRole = 20_000, RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001, } Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/access-control#module","content":"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation. access_control.rs use super::events::*; use super::errors::Error; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Mapping}; pub type Role = [u8; 32]; pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32]; #[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])] pub struct AccessControl { roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>, role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role> } #[odra::module] impl AccessControl { pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool { self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address)) } pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role { let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role); if let Some(admin) = admin_role { admin } else { DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE } } pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address); } pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if address != &self.env().caller() { self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress); } self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } } impl AccessControl { pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole); } } pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) { let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role); self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role); self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged { role: *role, previous_admin_role, new_admin_role: *admin_role }); } pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true); self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false); self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } } L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings: roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role. L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#21-update-build_schemars-bin","content":"Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2 Update smart contract code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#22-update-smart-contract-code","content":"The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes. 2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​ #[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } 2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​ #[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 #[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { // fields } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.2.3. Update events definitions.​ #[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0. 0.9.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { // nothing changed in the tests } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.9.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#contract","content":"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout. The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping. We will expose two methods: The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping. custom_item.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var}; // A custom type with a vector of another custom type #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Price { value: U256, } // The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule #[odra::module] pub struct CustomItem { version: Var<u32>, meta: Var<Metadata>, data: SubModule<Data> } #[odra::module] impl CustomItem { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) { let meta = Metadata { name, description, prices: vec![ Price { value: price_1 }, Price { value: price_2 } ] }; self.meta.set(meta); self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1); } pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) { self.data.value.set(value); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20); } } // A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule #[odra::module] struct Data { value: Var<u32>, inner: SubModule<InnerData>, } // A submodule with a mapping #[odra::module] struct InnerData { named_values: Mapping<String, u32>, } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#deploying-the-contract","content":"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file. cargo odra build -c custom_item Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\ --payment-amount 100000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \\ --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \\ --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \\ --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'" Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 2000000000 \\ --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\ --session-entry-point "set_data" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \\ --session-arg "name2:string='bob'" ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Storage Layout​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#storage-layout","content":"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout. The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. Storage Layout CustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1 meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2 data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011 3 value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0011_0001 (3 << 4) + 1 inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010 (3 << 4) + 2 named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0011_0010_0001 ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1 The actual key is obtained as follows: Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.Concatenate the index with the mapping data.Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded). In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Reading the state​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/build-deploy-read#reading-the-state","content":"RustTypeScript main.rs use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity}; use casper_types::{ bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes}, U256, }; // replace with your contract hash const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-..."; const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc"; const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1"; const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state"; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> { let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, None, ) .await .unwrap() .result .state_root_hash .unwrap(); // Read the value from the `state` dictionary. let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, state_root_hash, DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey { key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(), dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(), dictionary_item_key: key, }, ) .await .unwrap() .result .stored_value; // We expect the value to be a CLValue if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result { // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType. cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec() } else { vec![] } } async fn metadata() -> Metadata { // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data let key = key(2, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the name and store the remaining bytes let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // Read the description and store the remaining bytes let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); let mut prices = vec![]; // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it for _ in 0..size { // Read the value and store the remaining bytes let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); bytes = rem; prices.push(Price { value }); } // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic. // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here. Metadata { name, description, prices } } async fn value() -> u32 { // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 { // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap(); let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } fn main() { let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap(); dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(value())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice"))); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob"))); } // The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data // The algorithm is as follows: // 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array // 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data // 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b // 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded) fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String { let mut key = Vec::new(); key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref()); key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data); let hashed_key = blake2b(&key); hex::encode(&hashed_key) } fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] { let mut result = [0u8; 32]; let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32) .expect("should create hasher"); let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes); blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result) .expect("should copy hash to the result array"); result } cargo run [src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata { name: "My Contract", description: "My Description", prices: [ Price { value: 123, }, Price { value: 321, }, ], } [src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666 [src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20 [src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10 ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#casper-wallet","content":"We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial. To install it, please follow the instructions on theofficial website. After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account you want to use for our testing. You can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys. danger You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys. We recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes. Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy our contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Getting tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#getting-tokens","content":"To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR. The easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send us 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet. To use the faucet, go to the Casper Testnet Faucet. Log in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button. note One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can either ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account in the wallet. Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Livenet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#odra-livenet","content":"Odra Livenet is described in detail in thebackends section of this documentation. We will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial. In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder: bin/our_token_livenet.rs //! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial //! creator. use std::str::FromStr; use odra::casper_types::U256; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader}; use odra::Address; use ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs}; fn main() { // Load the Casper livenet environment. let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key. let owner = env.caller(); // Just some random address... let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Deploy new contract. let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env); println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Propose minting new tokens. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000)); // Vote, we are the only voter. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000)); // Let's advance the block time by 11 minutes, as // we set the voting time to 10 minutes. // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time... // Hopefully you are not in a hurry. env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000); // Tally the votes. env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64); token.tally(); // Check the balances. println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner)); println!( "Tutorial creator's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&recipient) ); } /// Deploys a contract. pub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let name = String::from("OurToken"); let symbol = String::from("OT"); let decimals = 0; let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply, }; env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64); OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args) } /// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later... fn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let address = "hash-XXXXX"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address) } In your Cargo.toml file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and register the new binary. In the end, it should look like this: Cargo.toml [package] name = "ourcoin" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-modules = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true } [dev-dependencies] odra-test = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } [build-dependencies] odra-build = { version = "1.1.0", features = [], default-features = false } [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "our_token_livenet" path = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 Finally, add the .env file with the following content: .env # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777 # Chain name of the network. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path with the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet. note One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using will be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will have to find and use another node IP address. Now, we will run our code: cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this: Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet` 💁 INFO : Deploying "OurToken". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 💁 INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed. Token address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 💁 INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 💁 INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 💁 INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed. Owner's balance: 1000 Tutorial creator's balance: 1000 Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network! Before we move on, note the address of the token! We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it ishash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cspr.live​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#csprlive","content":"The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer,cspr.live. We can put the address of our token in the search bar to find it. note If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet network is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner. If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details. Besides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it was developed using a standard that cspr.live supports. Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token! We see the name, symbol and total supply. All the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead of the contract address. Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened with the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section and transfers done during the voting process. If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the account page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account has - and OurToken is one of them! If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development of this tutorial here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet","content":"Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting the private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts deployed on the network. If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see them in the Casper Wallet window. You should also be able to transfer them to another account! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#conclusion","content":"We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it using the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the cspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract. Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem provides. Feel free to explore them on casperecosystem.io. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Add bin directory​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#21-add-bin-directory","content":"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory. You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-cargotoml","content":"There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file. You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.Register bins you added in the previous step.Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process. Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0: 0.8.0Prev [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.0" [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-odratoml","content":"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required. 0.8.0Prev [[contracts]] fqn = "my_project::Flipper" ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.3. Update Smart Contracts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#23-update-smart-contracts","content":"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​ Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.Variable is now Var.Remove odra::contract_env.Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;. 2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​ Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.BlockTime - use u64.EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes. 2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​ 2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​ // Before #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>> } // After #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } 2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​ execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro. 0.8.0Prev use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.3.6. Update events definitions.​ 0.8.0Prev use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Event; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } // Emitting the event self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); 2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​ self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes. fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions. fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed. 2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​ 0.8.0Prev #[odra::module(events = [Transfer])] pub struct Erc721Token { core: SubModule<Erc721Base>, metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable> } 2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​ However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()). 0.8.0Prev #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Token { fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256; } // Usage TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account) 2.3.10. Update constructors.​ Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init. 2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​ The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter. 2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​ Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.4. Update Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#24-update-tests","content":"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.4.1. Contract deployment.​ The way you deploy a contract has changed: You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function. 0.8.0Prev // A contract without init args use super::OwnableHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs) // A contract with init args use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) }; let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); 2.4.2. Host interactions.​ Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences: test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef. 2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​ test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result.try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro. 0.8.0Prev #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } 2.4.4. Testing events.​ assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options. 0.8.0Prev let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ... assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0. 0.8.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event}; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{ errors::Error, events::{Approval, Transfer}, Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs }; use odra::{ casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}, prelude::* }; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } // Other tests... } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/next/migrations/to-0.8.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"CEP-18","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Self-governing token​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#self-governing-token","content":"There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token, each more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple one, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Token implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#token-implementation","content":"Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using cep18 as our starting template: cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18 Let's glance at our token code: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct MyToken { token: SubModule<Cep18>, } impl MyToken { // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module. delegate! { to self.token { ... fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; ... As we can see, it indeed uses the Cep18 module and delegates all the methods to it. The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more appropriate OurToken, run the provided tests using cargo odra test, and continue with the implementation of the governance. note Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as the struct name in the Odra.toml file! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Governance implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#governance-implementation","content":"Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism. If we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible for minting new tokens. By default, minting Modalityis turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error. We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Voting mechanism​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#voting-mechanism","content":"Our voting system will be straightforward: Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint.Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens.If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed. Storage​ We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's add some fields to our token struct: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } Notice that proposed_mint contains a tuple containing the address of the proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if the vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why we need both is_vote_open and vote_end_time. We will also use the power of the Listtype to store the Ballots. Proposing a new mint​ To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint, we need to add a new function to our token module: src/token.rs /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000); } As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of the minted tokens, and the amount. After some validation, we open the vote by setting the is_vote_open to true, and setting the vote_end_time to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios, the time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it. Also, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy when we test it on Livenet. Voting for the mint​ Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot: src/token.rs /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token .transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking, where we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it. The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied. Speaking of tallying... Tallying the votes​ The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority of voters agreed to do so: src/token.rs /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } Notice how we used raw_transfer from the Cep18 module. We used it to set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of the caller's. Additonally, we used raw_mint to mint the tokens, skipping the security checks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't have anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#testing","content":"Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can run both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM. src/token.rs #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } We can run the test using both methods: cargo odra test cargo odra test -b casper It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action. How about deploying it on the Casper network? ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#whats-next","content":"We will se our token in action, by deploying it on the Casper network, and using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Complete code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/cep18#complete-code","content":"Here is the complete code of the OurToken module: src/token.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var}; use odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18; /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } /// Errors for the governed token. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum GovernanceError { /// The vote is already in progress. VoteAlreadyOpen = 0, /// No vote is in progress. NoVoteInProgress = 1, /// Cannot tally votes yet. VoteNotYetEnded = 2, /// Vote ended VoteEnded = 3, /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint. OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4, } /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl OurToken { /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply. pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token! self.token .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None); } // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule. delegate! { to self.token { /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users. /// One user can only possess one access group badge. /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights. /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality. fn change_security( &mut self, admin_list: Vec<Address>, minter_list: Vec<Address>, none_list: Vec<Address> ); /// Returns the name of the token. fn name(&self) -> String; /// Returns the symbol of the token. fn symbol(&self) -> String; /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses. fn decimals(&self) -> u8; /// Returns the total supply of the token. fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; /// Returns the balance of the given address. fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256; /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend. fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256; /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller. fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256); /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient. fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender's allowance. fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address. fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address. fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); } } /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env() .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000); } /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) { if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded); } } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::Deployer; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } } ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"ERC-20","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: Advanced storage using key-value pairs,Odra types such as Address,Advanced event assertion. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#code","content":"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. It is designed to store the following data: Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.Total supply.Balances of individual users.Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#module-definition","content":"erc20.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Metadata​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#metadata","content":"erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.symbol.get_or_default() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.decimals.get_or_default() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } } impl Erc20 { pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for: use odra::UnwrapOrRevert; let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default(); let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()); self.balances.set(address, new_balance); ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Core​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#core","content":"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks. erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { ... pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } } impl Erc20 { ... fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner); if *amount > owner_balance { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } let new_allowance = allowance - *amount; self.allowances .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 1, InsufficientAllowance = 2, } Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation? ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#test","content":"erc20.rs #[cfg(test)] pub mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}}; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } #[test] fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, recipient, spender) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let approved_amount = 3_000.into(); let transfer_amount = 1_000.into(); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY)); // Owner approves Spender. erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount); // Allowance was recorded. assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount } )); // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient. env.set_caller(spender); erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount); // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount ); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( &erc20, &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer")); } #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { // Given a new instance. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the spender's allowance is zero. let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); // Then transfer fails. assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } } L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/erc20#whats-next","content":"Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ownable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: storing a single value,defining a constructor,error handling,defining and emitting events.registering a contact in a test environment,interactions with the test environment,assertions (value, events, errors assertions). ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#code","content":"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement. Module has an initializer that should be called once. Only the current owner can set a new owner.Read the current owner.A function that fails if called by a non-owner account. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Define a module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#define-a-module","content":"ownable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] pub struct Ownable { owner: Var<Option<Address>> } That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on. L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Init the module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#init-the-module","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized) } self.owner.set(Some(owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner }); } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1, } #[odra::event] pub struct OwnershipChanged { pub prev_owner: Option<Address>, pub new_owner: Address } Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one: L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument. L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Features implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#features-implementation","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { ... pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) { if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() { self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner) } } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); let current_owner = self.get_owner(); self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(current_owner), new_owner: *new_owner }); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { match self.owner.get_or_default() { Some(owner) => owner, None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized) } } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { NotOwner = 1, OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2, OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3, } The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along. L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#test","content":"ownable.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}; fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) { let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OwnableInitArgs { owner: env.get_account(0) }; (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0)) } #[test] fn initialization_works() { let (ownable, env, owner) = setup(); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner); env.emitted_event( &ownable, &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner } ); } #[test] fn owner_can_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(owner); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner); env.emitted_event( &ownable, &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(owner), new_owner } ); } #[test] fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!( ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), Err(Error::NotOwner.into()) ); } } L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract. note You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract. L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function. note The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account. L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#summary","content":"The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/ownable#whats-next","content":"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ticketing System","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Ticket Office Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#ticket-office-contract","content":"Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features: Compliance with the CEP-78 standard.Ownership functionality.Only the owner can issue new event tickets.Users can purchase tickets for events.Tickets are limited to a one-time sale.Public access to view the total income of the TicketOffice. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Setup the project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#setup-the-project","content":"Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the cargo odra new command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template: cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78 ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Contract implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#contract-implementation","content":"Let's start implementing the TicketOffice contract by modify the code generated from the template. src/token.rs use odra::{ args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert }; use odra_modules::access::Ownable; use odra_modules::cep78::{ modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode}, token::Cep78, }; pub type TicketId = u64; #[odra::odra_type] pub enum TicketStatus { Available, Sold, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct TicketInfo { event_name: String, price: U512, status: TicketStatus, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketIssue { ticket_id: TicketId, event_name: String, price: U512, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketSell { ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200, InsufficientFunds = 201, InvalidTicketId = 202, TicketDoesNotExist = 203, } #[odra::module( events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell], errors = Error )] pub struct TicketOffice { token: SubModule<Cep78>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) { self.ownable.init(); let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name); self.token.init( collection_name, collection_symbol, total_supply, OwnershipMode::Transferable, NFTKind::Digital, NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal, NFTMetadataKind::Raw, MetadataMutability::Immutable, receipt_name, // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None ... ); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { let env = self.env(); let caller = env.caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // mint a new token let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None); let ticket_id: u64 = token_id .parse() .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId) .unwrap_or_revert(&env); // store ticket info self.tickets.set( &ticket_id, TicketInfo { event_name: event_name.clone(), price, status: TicketStatus::Available, }, ); // emit an event env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue { ticket_id, event_name, price, }); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } let mut ticket = self .tickets .get(&ticket_id) .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist); // only available tickets can be sold if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } // check if the buyer sends enough funds if value < ticket.price { env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds); } // transfer csprs to the owner env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); // transfer the ticket to the buyer self.token .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer); ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold; self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket); env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer }); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L10-L44 - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. TicketStatus enum represents the status of a ticket, TicketInfo struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, TicketId is a type alias for u64. OnTicketIssue and OnTicketSell are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold.L46-L49 - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema.L51-L53 - TicketOffice module definition. The module contains a Cep78 token, an Ownable module, and a Mapping that stores information about tickets.L58-L74 - The init function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the Ownable module initialization.L76-L94 - The issue_ticket function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an OnTicketIssue event.L103 - The payable attribute indicates that the buy_ticket function can receive funds.L104-L134 - The buy_ticket function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an OnTicketSell event. Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows: Deploy the contract.Issue two tickets.Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds.Buy tickets.Try to buy the same ticket again.Check the balance of the contract. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef}, }; use crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(1), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); } Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of. odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs pub fn transfer( &mut self, token_id: Maybe<u64>, token_hash: Maybe<String>, source_key: Address, target_key: Address ) -> TransferReceipt { ... if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator { self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner); } ... } Let's fix it by redesigning our little system. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Redesign​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#redesign","content":"Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary — an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets. The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow: Ticket Operator Contract​ As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the cargo odra generate command. cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator src/ticket_operator.rs use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef}; use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { UnknownTicketOffice = 300, } #[odra::module(errors = Error)] pub struct TicketOperator { ticket_office_address: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOperator { pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) { self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address); } // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds. #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); let center = self .ticket_office_address .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice); let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center); // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L4-L7 - Define errors that will be used in the contract.L9-L13 - Define the TicketOperator module that stores the address of the ticketing office.L16-L18 - The register function sets the address of the ticketing office.L20-L32 - The buy_ticket function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a TicketOfficeContractRef to interact we the TicketOffice contract. Note that, the operator's buy_ticket now receives funds. Now we need to adjust the TicketOffice contract to use the TicketOperator contract to buy tickets. src/token.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { ... MissingOperator = 204, Unauthorized = 205, } #[odra::module] pub struct TicketOffice { ... operator: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { ... pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) { // only the owner can register an operator let caller = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address()); self.operator.set(operator); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { // minting logic remains the same... ... // approve the operator to transfer the ticket let operator = self.operator(); self.token .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None); // emit an event ... } pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let caller = env.caller(); // make sure the caller is the operator if !self.is_operator(caller) { env.revert(Error::Unauthorized); } ... // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer // it is now handled by the operator contract. // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); } #[inline] fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool { Some(caller) == self.operator.get() } #[inline] fn operator(&self) -> Address { self.operator .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator) } } L15 - the contract stores the operator address.L22-L29 - a new function register_operator allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the register entry point on the operator contract.L36-38 - modify the issue_ticket function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later.L44-L57 - modify the buy_ticket function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds.We also added two helper functions: is_operator and operator to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: MissingOperator and Unauthorized. Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}, OdraResult, }; use crate::{ ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef, token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}, }; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone()); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(())); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(())); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150)); } fn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> { operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id) } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/nft#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"OwnedToken","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#code","content":"What should our module be capable of? Conform the Erc20 interface.Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.Enable the current owner to designate a new owner. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#module-definition","content":"Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules. owned_token.rs use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::module::SubModule; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules! ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Delegation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#delegation","content":"owned_token.rs ... use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; ... #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.erc20.name() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.erc20.symbol() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.erc20.decimals() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.erc20.total_supply() } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.balance_of(address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.approve(spender, amount); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { self.ownable.get_owner() } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner); } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness: L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/owned-token#summary","content":"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra framework","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra framework","url":"/docs/#whats-next","content":"See the Installation and our Flipper example to find out how to start your new project with Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Pausable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#code","content":"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module. Check the state - is it paused or not.State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.Switch the state. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events and Error​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#events-and-error","content":"There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way. Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser. pauseable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { PausedRequired = 1_000, UnpausedRequired = 1_001, } #[odra::event] pub struct Paused { pub account: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct Unpaused { pub account: Address } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#module-definition","content":"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused. pauseable.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])] pub struct Pausable { is_paused: Var<bool> } ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Checks and guards​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#checks-and-guards","content":"Now, let's move to state checks and guards. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool { self.is_paused.get_or_default() } pub fn require_not_paused(&self) { if self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired); } } pub fn require_paused(&self) { if !self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired); } } } L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Actions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#actions","content":"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.require_not_paused(); self.is_paused.set(true); self.env().emit_event(Paused { account: self.env().caller() }); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.require_paused(); self.is_paused.set(false); self.env().emit_event(Unpaused { account: self.env().caller() }); } } pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused). ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/pauseable#pausable-counter","content":"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused). pauseable.rs ... use odra::SubModule; ... #[odra::module] pub struct PausableCounter { value: Var<u32>, pauseable: SubModule<Pausable> } #[odra::module] impl PausableCounter { pub fn increment(&mut self) { self.pauseable.require_not_paused(); let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1; self.value.set(new_value); } pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.pause(); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.unpause(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn increment_only_if_unpaused() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); contract.increment(); contract.pause(); assert_eq!( contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(), Error::UnpausedRequired.into() ); assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1); } } As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Recap and Basic Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#recap-and-basic-concepts","content":"Before we delve into the advanced features, let's recap some basic storage concepts in Odra. In the realm of basic storage interaction, Odra provides several types for interacting with contract storage, including Var, Mapping, and List. These types enable contracts to store and retrieve data in a structured manner. The Var type is used to store a single value, while the List and Mapping types store collections of values. Var: A Var in Odra is a fundamental building block used for storing single values. Each Var is uniquely identified by its name in the contract. Mapping: Mapping in Odra serves as a key-value storage system. It stores an association of unique keys to values, and the value can be retrieved using the key. List: Built on top of the Var and Mapping building blocks, List in Odra allows storing an ordered collection of values that can be iterated over. If you need a refresher on these topics, please refer to our guide on basic storage in Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Advanced Storage Concepts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-storage-concepts-1","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Sequence​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#sequence","content":"The Sequence in Odra is a basic module that stores a single value in the storage that can be read or incremented. Internally, holds a Var which keeps track of the current value. pub struct Sequence<T> where T: Num + One + ToBytes + FromBytes + CLTyped { value: Var<T> } The Sequence module provides functions get_current_value and next_value to get the current value and increment the value respectively. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Advanced Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#advanced-mapping","content":"In Odra, a Mapping is a key-value storage system where the key is associated with a value. In previous examples, the value of the Mapping typically comprised a standard serializable type (such as number, string, or bool) or a custom type marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. However, there are more advanced scenarios where the value of the Mapping represents a module itself. This approach is beneficial when managing a collection of modules, each maintaining its unique state. Let's consider the following example: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, Mapping, UnwrapOrRevert}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::owned_token::OwnedToken; #[odra::module] pub struct Mappings { strings: Mapping<(String, u32, String), String>, tokens: Mapping<String, OwnedToken> } #[odra::module] impl Mappings { ... pub fn total_supply(&mut self, token_name: String) -> U256 { self.tokens.module(&token_name).total_supply() } pub fn get_string_api( &self, key1: String, key2: u32, key3: String ) -> String { let opt_string = self.strings.get(&(key1, key2, key3)); opt_string.unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()) } } As you can see, a Mapping key can consist of a tuple of values, not limited to a single value. note Accessing Odra modules differs from accessing regular values such as strings or numbers. Firstly, within a Mapping, you don't encapsulate the module with Submodule. Secondly, rather than utilizing the Mapping::get() function, call Mapping::module(), which returns SubModule<T> and sets the appropriate namespace for nested modules. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"AdvancedStorage Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#advancedstorage-contract","content":"The given code snippet showcases the AdvancedStorage contract that incorporates these storage concepts. use odra::{Address, casper_types::U512, Sequence, Mapping}; use odra::prelude::*; use crate::modules::Token; #[odra::module] pub struct AdvancedStorage { counter: Sequence<u32>, tokens: Mapping<(String, String), Token>, } impl AdvancedStorage { pub fn current_value(&self) -> u32 { self.counter.get_current_value() } pub fn increment_and_get(&mut self) -> u32 { self.counter.next_value() } pub fn balance_of(&mut self, token_name: String, creator: String, address: Address) -> U512 { let token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.balance_of(&address) } pub fn mint(&self, token_name: String, creator: String, amount: U512, to: Address) { let mut token = self.tokens.module(&(token_name, creator)); token.mint(amount, to); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Advanced Storage Concepts","url":"/docs/advanced/advanced-storage#conclusion","content":"Advanced storage features in Odra offer robust options for managing contract state. Two key takeaways from this document are: Odra offers a Sequence module, enabling contracts to store and increment a single value.Mappings support composite keys expressed as tuples and can store modules as values. Understanding these concepts can help developers design and implement more efficient and flexible smart contracts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building contracts manually","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Building the contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#building-the-contract-manually","content":"To build the contract manually, cargo odra uses the following command: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract info Odra uses the environment variable ODRA_MODULE to determine which contract to build. Assuming that project's crate is named my_project, this command will build the my_contract contract in release mode and generate the wasm file. The file will be put into the target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release directory under the name my_project_build_contract.wasm. The Odra Framework expects the contracts to be placed in the wasm directory, and to be named correctly, so the next step would be to move the file: mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Optimizing the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#optimizing-the-contract","content":"To lower the size of the wasm file, cargo odra uses the wasm-strip tool: wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm To further optimize the wasm file, the wasm-opt tool is also used. wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm danger This step is required, as the wasm file generated by the Rust compiler is not fully compatible with the Casper execution engine. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Running the tests manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#running-the-tests-manually","content":"To run the tests manually, Odra needs to know which backend to use. To run tests against Casper backend, the following command needs to be used: ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Wrapping up​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Building contracts manually","url":"/docs/advanced/building-manually#wrapping-up","content":"Let's say we want to build the my_contract in debug mode, run the tests against the casper backend and use the my-own-allocator feature from our my_project project. To do that, we can use the following set of commands: ODRA_MODULE=my_contract cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --bin my_project_build_contract mv target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/my_project_build_contract.wasm wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-strip wasm/my_contract.wasm wasm-opt --signext-lowering wasm/my_contract.wasm -o wasm/my_contract.wasm ODRA_BACKEND=casper cargo test --features my-own-allocator ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Attributes","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#payable","content":"When writing a smart contract, you need to make sure that money can be both sent to and extracted from the contract. The 'payable' attribute helps wit this. Any function, except for a constructor, with the #[odra(payable)] attribute can send and take money in the form of native tokens. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#example","content":"examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U256 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env.revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env() .emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } If you try to send tokens to a non-payable function, the transaction will be automatically rejected. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Non Reentrant​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#non-reentrant","content":"Reentrancy attacks in smart contracts exploit the possibility of a function being called multiple times before its initial execution is completed, leading to the repeated unauthorized withdrawal of funds. To prevent such attacks, developers should ensure that all effects on the contract's state and balance checks occur before calling external contracts. They can also use reentrancy guards to block recursive calls to sensitive functions. In Odra you can just apply the #[odra(non_reentrant)] attribute to your function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Example​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#example-1","content":"#[odra::module] pub struct NonReentrantCounter { counter: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl NonReentrantCounter { #[odra(non_reentrant)] pub fn count_ref_recursive(&mut self, n: u32) { if n > 0 { self.count(); ReentrancyMockRef::new(self.env(), self.env().self_address()).count_ref_recursive(n - 1); } } } impl NonReentrantCounter { fn count(&mut self) { let c = self.counter.get_or_default(); self.counter.set(c + 1); } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::{host::{Deployer, NoArgs}, ExecutionError}; #[test] fn ref_recursion_not_allowed() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = NonReentrantCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let result = contract.count_ref_recursive(11); assert_eq!(result, ExecutionError::ReentrantCall.into()); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Mixing attributes​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Attributes","url":"/docs/advanced/attributes#mixing-attributes","content":"A function can accept more than one attribute. The only exclusion is a constructor cannot be payable. To apply multiple attributes, you can write: #[odra(payable, non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } or #[odra(payable)] #[odra(non_reentrant)] fn deposit() { // your logic... } In both cases attributes order does not matter. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using Proxy Caller","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#contract","content":"For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples. examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])] pub struct TimeLockWallet { balances: Mapping<Address, U512>, lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>, lock_duration: Var<u64> } #[odra::module] impl TimeLockWallet { /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration. pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) { self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration); } /// Deposits the tokens into the contract. #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env().emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract. pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the balance of the given account. pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the lock duration. pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 { // code omitted for brevity } } /// Errors that may occur during the contract execution. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { LockIsNotOver = 1, CannotLockTwice = 2, InsufficientBalance = 3 } /// Deposit event. #[odra::event] pub struct Deposit { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } /// Withdrawal event. #[odra::event] pub struct Withdrawal { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } Full code can be found here. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Client​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#client","content":"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key. # Build the contract cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet # Extract secret key docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem RustTypeScript To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case). Cargo.toml [package] name = "odra-examples" version = "1.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false } ... # other dependencies odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true } ... # other sections [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] ... # other sections [[bin]] name = "tlw_on_livenet" path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ... # other sections examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs //! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs. use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef}; use odra::Address; use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs}; const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100; const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99; const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9); fn main() { let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); let caller = env.get_account(0); env.set_caller(caller); env.set_gas(GAS); let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy( &env, TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 } ); // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract. contract .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT)) .deposit(); println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract. contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL)); println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); } To run the code, execute the following command: ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet # Sample output 💁 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558". 💁 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy. 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3". 💁 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed. Caller's balance: 100 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e". 💁 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed. Remaining balance: 1 As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Delegate","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/delegate","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Overview​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/advanced/delegate#overview","content":"To utilize the delegate feature in your contract, use the delegate! macro provided by Odra. This macro allows you to list the functions you wish to delegate to the child modules. By using the delegate! macro, your parent module remains clean and easy to understand. You can delegate functions to as many child modules as you like. The functions will be available as if they were implemented in the parent module itself. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Delegate","url":"/docs/advanced/delegate#code-examples","content":"Consider the following basic example for better understanding: use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: Address, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn approve(&mut self, spender: Address, amount: U256); fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; fn decimals(&self) -> u8; fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; fn allowance(&self, owner: Address, spender: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: Address); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } This OwnedToken contract includes two modules: Erc20 and Ownable. We delegate various functions from both modules using the delegate! macro. As a result, the contract retains its succinctness without compromising on functionality. The above example basically merges the functionalities of modules and adds some control over the minting process. But you can use delegation to build more complex contracts, cherry-picking just a few module functionalities. Let's take a look at another example. use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable, exchange::Exchange}; use odra::{ Address, casper_types::U256, module::SubModule, prelude::* }; #[odra::module] pub struct DeFiPlatform { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20>, exchange: SubModule<Exchange> } #[odra::module] impl DeFiPlatform { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256, exchange_rate: u64) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); self.exchange.init(exchange_rate); } delegate! { to self.erc20 { fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: Address, amount: U256); fn balance_of(&self, owner: Address) -> U256; } to self.ownable { fn get_owner(&self) -> Address; } to self.exchange { fn swap(&mut self, sender: Address, recipient: Address); fn set_exchange_rate(&mut self, new_rate: u64); } } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: Address, amount: U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } In this DeFiPlatform contract, we include Erc20, Ownable, and Exchange modules. By delegating functions from these modules, the parent contract becomes a powerhouse of functionality while retaining its readability and structure. Remember, the possibilities are endless with Odra's. By leveraging this feature, you can write cleaner, more efficient, and modular smart contracts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage Layout","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Casper VM Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#casper-vm-perspective","content":"The Casper Execution Engine (VM) enables the storage of data in named keys or dictionaries. However, a smart contract has a limited number of named keys, making it unsuitable for storing substantial data volumes. Odra resolves this issue by storing all user-generated data in a dictionary called state. This dictionary operates as a key-value store, where keys are strings with a maximum length of 64 characters, and values are arbitrary byte arrays. Here is an example of what the interface for reading and writing data could look like: pub trait CasperStorage { fn read(key: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>>; fn write(key: &str, value: Vec<u8>); } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Perspective​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#odra-perspective","content":"Odra was conceived with modularity and code reusability in mind. Additionally, we aimed to streamline storage definition through the struct object. Consider this straightforward storage definition: #[odra::module] pub struct Token { name: Var<String>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256> } The Token structure contains two fields: name of type String andbalances, which functions as a key-value store with Address as keys andU256 as values. The Token module can be reused in another module, as demonstrated in a more complex example: #[odra::module] pub struct Loans { lenders: SubModule<Token>, borrowers: SubModule<Token>, } The Loans module has two fields: lenders and borrowers, both of which have the same storage layout as defined by the Token module. Odra guarantees thatlenders and borrowers are stored under distinct keys within the storage dictionary. Both Token and Loans serve as examples to show how Odra's storage layout operates. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Key generation.​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#key-generation","content":"Every element of a module (struct) with N elements is associated with an index ranging from 0 to N-1, represented as a u8 with a maximum of 256 elements. If an element of a module is another module (SubModule<...>), the associated index serves as a prefix for the indexes of the inner module. While this may initially appear complex, it is easily understood through an example. In the example, indexes are presented as bytes, reflecting the actual implementation. Loans { lenders: Token { // prefix: 0x0001 name: 1, // key: 0x0001_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0001_0010 }, borrowers: Token { // prefix: 0x0010 name: 1, // key: 0x0010_0001 balances: 2 // key: 0x0010_0010 } } Additionally, it's worth mentioning how Mapping's keys are used in thestorage. They are simply concatenated with the index of the module, as demonstrated in the example. For instance, triggering borrowers.balances.get(0x1234abcd) would result in a key: 0x0001_0001_1234_abcd Finally, the key must be hashed to fit within the 64-character limit and then encoded in hexadecimal format. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Value serialization​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage Layout","url":"/docs/advanced/storage-layout#value-serialization","content":"Before being stored in the storage, each value is serialized into bytes using the CLType serialization method and subsequently encapsulated with Casper'sBytes types. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Memory allocators","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Using a different allocator​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Memory allocators","url":"/docs/advanced/using-different-allocator#using-a-different-allocator","content":"If the default allocator does not suit your needs, or you use a crate that already provides an allocator, you can disable the default allocator by enabling the disable-allocator feature in the odra dependency in your project: [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", features = ["disable-allocator"] } If you want to have a better control over the features that are enabled during the building and tests, see the next article on building manually. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OdraVM","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm#usage","content":"The OdraVM is the default backend for Odra framework, so each time you run cargo odra test You are running your code against it. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Architecture​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm#architecture","content":"OdraVM consists of two main parts: the Contract Register and the State. The Contract Register is a list of contracts deployed onto the OdraVM, identified by an Address. Contracts and Test Env functions can modify the State of the OdraVM. Contrary to the "real" backend, which holds the whole history of the blockchain, the OdraVM State holds only the current state of the OdraVM. Thanks to this and the fact that we do not need the blockchain itself, OdraVM starts instantly and runs the tests in the native speed. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OdraVM","url":"/docs/backends/odra-vm#execution","content":"When the OdraVM backend is enabled, the #[odra::module] attribute is responsible for converting your pub functions into a list of Entrypoints, which are put into a Contract Container. When the contract is deployed, its Container registered into a Registry under an address. During the contract call, OdraVM finds an Entrypoint and executes the code. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#contract-env","content":"As with any other backend, Casper Backend must implement the same features, but some do not have native support. Let's take a closer look at how Odra overcomes these hindrances. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#events","content":"An event is not a first-class citizen in Casper like in Ethereum, so Odra mimics it. As you've already learned from the events article, in Odra you emit an event, similarly, you would do it in Solidity. Under the hood, Odra integrates with Casper Event Standard and creates a few URefs in the global state when a contract is being installed: __events - a dictionary that stores events' data.__events_length - the evens count.__events_ces_version - the version of Casper Event Standard. __events_schema - a dictionary that stores event schemas. Besides that, all the events the contract emits are registered - events schemas are written to the storage under the __events_schema key. So, Events are nothing different from any other data stored by a contract. A struct to be an event must implement traits defined by Casper Event Standard, thankfully you can derive them using #[odra::event]. note Don't forget to expose events in the module using #[odra::module(events = [...])]. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#payable","content":"The first Odra idiom is a Contract Main Purse. It is a purse associated with a contract. The purse is created lazily - when the first transfer to the contract occurs, a proper URef and a purse are created and stored under the __contract_main_purse key. Casper does not allow direct transfers from an account to a contract, so Odra comes up with the second idiom - a Cargo Purse. It is a one-time-use purse proxy between an account and a contract. First, motes go from the account to the cargo purse and then to the contract's main purse. Behind the scenes, Odra handles an account-contract transfer via a cargo purse when a function is marked as payable. If under the way something goes wrong with the transfer, the contract reverts. The transferred amount can be read inside the contract by calling self.env().attached_value(). note Odra expects the cargo_purse runtime argument to be attached to a contract call. In case of its absence, the contract_env::attached_value() returns zero. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Revert​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#revert","content":"In Casper, we can stop the execution pretty straightforwardly - call the runtime::revert(). Odra adds an extra abstraction layer - in a contract ExecutionErrors are defined, which ultimately are transformed into Casper's ApiError::User. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Context​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#context","content":"Casper equips developers with very low-level tooling, which can be cumbersome for newcomers. If you want to check who called the contract or its address, you can not do it off-hand - you must analyze the call stack. The self.env().self_address() function takes the first element of the callstack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. The self.env().caller() function takes the second element of the call stack (runtime::get_call_stack()) and casts it to Address. As mentioned in the [Payable] section, to store CSPR, each contract creates its purse. To read the contract balance, you call self.env().self_balance(), which checks the balance of the purse stored under __contract_main_purse. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#test-env","content":"Test environment allows you to test wasm contracts before you deploy them onto the testnet or livenet. It is built on top of the Casper Execution Engine. In your test, you can freely switch execution context by setting as a caller (test_env::set_caller()) one of the 20 predefined accounts. Each account possesses the default amount of Motes (100_000_000_000_000_000). The Test Env internally keeps track of the current block time, error and attached value. Each test is executed on a fresh instance of the Test Env. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#usage","content":"Name of the Casper backend in Odra is casper, so to run the tests against it, simply pass it as a -bparameter: cargo odra test -b casper If you want to just generate a wasm file, simply run: cargo odra build -b casper ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a contract to Casper network​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#deploying-a-contract-to-casper-network","content":"There would be no point in writing a contract if you couldn't deploy it to the blockchain. You can do it in two ways: provided by the Casper itself: using the casper-client tool or using the Odra's Livenet integration. Let's explore the first option to better understand the process. note If you wish, you can skip the following section and jump to the Livenet integration. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"WASM arguments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#wasm-arguments","content":"When deploying a new contract you can pass some arguments to it. Every contract written in Odra expects those arguments to be set: odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name - String type. The key under which the package hash of the contract will be stored.odra_cfg_allow_key_override - Bool type. If true and the key specified in odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name already exists, it will be overwritten.odra_cfg_is_upgradable - Bool type. If true, the contract will be deployed as upgradable. Additionally, if required by the contract, you can pass constructor arguments. When working with the test env via cargo odra or when usingLivenet integration this is handled automatically. However, if you rather usecasper-client directly, you have to pass them manually: ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy Counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#example-deploy-counter","content":"To deploy your contract with a constructor using casper-client, you need to pass the above arguments. Additionally, you need to pass the value argument, which sets the arbitrary initial value for the counter. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 5000000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/counter.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'counter_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:42" For a more in-depth tutorial, please refer to the Casper's 'Writing On-Chain Code'. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC721​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc721","content":"Odra comes with a standard ERC721 token implementation. Clone the main Odra repo and navigate to the modules directory. Firstly contract needs to be compiled. cargo odra build -b casper -c erc721_token It produces the erc721_token.wasm file in the wasm directory. Now it's time to deploy the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc721_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_nft'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string:'MyNFT'" \\ --session-arg "symbol:string:'NFT'" \\ --session-arg "base_uri:string:'https://example.com/'" It's done. The contract is deployed and ready to use. Your account is the owner of the contract and you can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC721 module. To obtain the package hash of the contract search for my_nft key in your account's named keys. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Example: Deploy ERC1155​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#example-deploy-erc1155","content":"The process is similar to the one described in the previous section. Contract compilation: cargo odra build -b casper -c erc1155_token Contract deployment: casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address [NODE_ADDRESS] \\ --chain-name casper-test \\ --secret-key [PATH_TO_YOUR_KEY]/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 300000000000 \\ --session-path ./wasm/erc1155_token.wasm \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'my_tokens'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'false'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_constructor:string:'init'" \\ As previously, your account is the owner and can mint and burn tokens. For more details see the code of the ERC1155 module. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Sending CSPR to a contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#sending-cspr-to-a-contract","content":"Defining payable entry points is described in Native Token section. What is happening under the hood is that Odra creates a new cargo_purse argument for each payable entry point. The cargo_purse needs to be top-upped with CSPR before calling the contract. When a contract adds CSPR to another contract call, Odra handles it for you. The problem arises when you want to call an entry point and attach CSPR as an account. The only way of doing that is by executing code in the sessions context, that top-ups the cargo_purse and then calls the contract. Odra provides a generic proxy_caller.wasm that does exactly that. You can build it by yourself from the main Odra repository, or use the proxy_caller.wasmwe maintain. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using proxy_caller.wasm​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#using-proxy_callerwasm","content":"To use the proxy_caller.wasm you need to attach the following arguments: contract_package_hash - BytesArray(32) type. The package hash of the contract you want to call. Result of to_bytes on CasperPackageHash.entry_point - String type. The name of the entry point you want to call.args - Bytes type. It is a serialized RuntimeArgs with the arguments you want to pass to the entry point. To be specific it is the result of to_bytes method wrapped with Bytes type.attached_value. U512 type. The amount of CSPR you want to attach to the call.amount. U512 type. Should be the same value as attached_value if not None. It is a special Casper argument that enables the access to account's main purse. Currently casper-client doesn't allow building such arguments. You have to build it using your SDK. See an example in the Tutorial section. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Execution​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper","url":"/docs/backends/casper#execution","content":"First thing Odra does with your code, is similar to the one used in OdraVM - a list of entrypoints is generated, thanks to the #[odra::module] attribute. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What is a backend?","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#contract-env","content":"The Contract Env is a simple interface that each backend needs to implement, exposing features of the blockchain from the perspective of the contract. It gives Odra a set of functions, which allows implementing more complex concepts - for example, to implement Mapping, Odra requires some kind of storage integration. The exact implementation of those functions is a responsibility of a backend, making Odra and its user free to implement the contract logic, instead of messing with the blockchain internals. Other functions from Contract Env include handling transfers, addresses, block time, errors and events. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Env​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#host-env","content":"Similarly to the Contract Env, the Host Env exposes a set of functions that allows the communication with the backend from the outside world - really useful for implementing tests. This ranges from interacting with the blockchain - like deploying new, loading existing and calling the contracts, to the more test-oriented - handling errors, forwarding the block time, etc. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"What is a backend?","url":"/docs/backends/what-is-a-backend#whats-next","content":"We will take a look at backends Odra implements in more detail. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/backends/livenet","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Setup​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#setup","content":"To use Livenet backend, we need to provide Odra with some information - the network address, our private key and the name of the chain we want to use. Optionally, we can add multiple private keys to use more than one account in our tests. Those values are passed using environment variables. We can use .env file to store them - let's take a look at an example .env file, created from the .env.sample file from examples folder: # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used # to deploy the contracts. # We're using .keys folder so we don't accidentally commit # the secret key to the repository. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.keys/secret_key.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=localhost:7777 # Chain name of the network. Known values: # - integration-test ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=integration-test # Paths to the secret keys of the additional accounts. # Main secret key will be 0th account. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_1=.keys/secret_key_1.pem ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_KEY_2=.keys/secret_key_2.pem With the proper value in place, we can write our tests or deploy scenarios. In the examples, we can find a simple binary that deploys a contract and calls it. The test is located in the erc20_on_livenet.rs file. Let's go through the code: fn main() { // Similar to the OdraVM backend, we need to initialize // the environment: let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Most of the for the host env works the same as in the // OdraVM backend. let owner = env.caller(); // Addresses are the real addresses on the blockchain, // so we need to provide them // if we did not import their secret keys. let recipient = "hash-2c4a6ce0da5d175e9638ec0830e01dd6cf5f4b1fbb0724f7d2d9de12b1e0f840"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Arguments for the contract init method. let name = String::from("Plascoin"); let symbol = String::from("PLS"); let decimals = 10u8; let initial_supply: U256 = U256::from(10_000); // The main difference between other backends - we need to specify // the gas limit for each action. // The limit will be used for every consecutive action // until we change it. env.set_gas(100_000_000_000u64); // Deploy the contract. The API is the same as in the OdraVM backend. let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply: Some(initial_supply) }; let mut token = Erc20HostRef::deploy(env, init_args); // We can now use the contract as we would in the OdraVM backend. println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Uncomment to load existing contract. // let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; // let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); // We use the Livenet-specific `load` method to load the contract // that is already deployed. // let mut token = Erc20Deployer::load(env, address); // Non-mutable calls are free! Neat, huh? More on that later. println!("Token name: {}", token.name()); // The next call is mutable, but the cost is lower that the deployment, // so we change the amount of gas env.set_gas(3_000_000_000u64); token.transfer(recipient, U256::from(1000)); println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(owner)); println!("Recipient's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(recipient)); } note The above example is a rust binary, not a test. Note that it is also added as a section of theCargo.toml file: [bin] name = "erc20_on_livenet" path = "src/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Usage​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#usage","content":"To run the above code, we simply need to run the binary with the livenet feature enabled: cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet note Before executing the binary, make sure you built a wasm file. A part of a sample output should look like this: ... 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-d26fcbd210..." with entrypoint "transfer". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "65b1a5d21...". 💁 INFO : Deploy "65b1a5d21..." successfully executed. Owner's balance: 4004 Recipient's balance: 4000 Those logs are a result of the last 4 lines of the above listing. Each deployment or a call to the blockchain will be noted and will take some time to execute. We can see that the transfer call took over 15 seconds to execute. But calling balance_of was nearly instant and cost us nothing. How it is possible? info You can see the deployment on http://cspr.live/ - the transfer from the example can be seen here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"How Livenet backend works​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#how-livenet-backend-works","content":"All calls of entrypoints executed on a Casper blockchain cost gas - even if they do not change the state. It is possible however to query the state of the blockchain for free. This principle is used in the Livenet backend - all calls that do not change the state of the blockchain are really executed offline - the only thing that is requested from the node is the current state. This is why the balance_of call was almost instant and free. Basically, if the entrypoint function is not mutable or does not make a call to an unknown external contract (see Cross Calls), it is executed offline and node is used for the state query only. However, the Livenet needs to know the connection between the contracts and the code, so make sure to deploy or load already deployed contracts ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Multiple environments​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Livenet","url":"/docs/backends/livenet#multiple-environments","content":"It is possible to have multiple environments for the Livenet backend. This is useful if we want to easily switch between multiple accounts, multiple nodes or even multiple chains. To do this, simply create a new .env file with a different prefix - for example, integration.env and mainnet.env. Then, pass the ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV variable with value either integration or mainnet to select which file has to be used first. If your integration.env file has a value that IS present in the .env file, it will override the value from the .env file. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_ENV=integration cargo run --bin erc20_on_livenet --features=livenet To sum up - this command will firstly load the integration.env file and then load the missing values from .env file. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cargo Odra","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Managing projects​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#managing-projects","content":"Two commands help you create a new project. The first one is cargo odra new. You need to pass one parameter, namely --name {PROJECT_NAME}: cargo odra new --name my-project This creates a new project in the my_project folder and name it my_project. You can see it for yourself, for example by taking a look into a Cargo.toml file created in your project's folder: [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" The project is created using the template located in Odra's main repository. By default it uses full template, if you want, you can use minimalistic blank by running: cargo odra new -t blank --name my-project The third available template is workspace, which creates a workspace with two projects, similar to the one created with the full template. By default, the latest release of Odra will be used for the template and as a dependency. You can pass a source of Odra you want to use, by using -s parameter: cargo odra new -n my-project -s ../odra # will use local folder of odra cargo odra new -n my-project -s release/0.9.0 # will use github branch, e.g. if you want to test new release cargo odra new -n my-project -s 1.0.0 # will use a version released on crates.io The second way of creating a project is by using init command: cargo odra init --name my-project It works in the same way as new, but instead of creating a new folder, it creates a project in the current, empty directory. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#generating-code","content":"If you want to quickly create a new contract code, you can use the generate command: cargo odra generate -c counter This creates a new file src/counter.rs with sample code, add appropriate use and mod sections to src/lib.rs and update the Odra.toml file accordingly. To learn more about Odra.toml file, visit Odra.toml. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#testing","content":"The most used command during the development of your project should be this one: cargo odra test It runs your tests against Odra's MockVM. It is substantially faster than CasperVMand implements all the features Odra uses. When you want to run tests against a "real" VM, just provide the name of the backend using -boption: cargo odra test -b casper In the example above, Cargo Odra builds the project, generates the wasm files, spin up CasperVM instance, deploys the contracts onto it and runs the tests against it. Pretty neat. Keep in mind that this is a lot slower than OdraVM and you cannot use the debugger. This is why OdraVM was created and should be your first choice when developing contracts. Of course, testing all of your code against a blockchain VM is a must in the end. If you want to run only some of the tests, you can pass arguments to the cargo test command (which is run in the background obviously): cargo odra test -- this-will-be-passed-to-cargo-test If you want to run tests which names contain the word two, you can execute: cargo odra test -- two Of course, you can do the same when using the backend: cargo odra test -b casper -- two ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Building code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#building-code","content":"You can also build the code itself and generate the output contracts without running the tests. To do so, simply run: cargo odra build If the build process finishes successfully, wasm files will be located in wasm folder. Notice, that this command does not require the -b option. If you want to build specific contract, you can use -c option: cargo odra build -c counter # you pass many comma separated contracts ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating contract schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#generating-contract-schema","content":"If you want to generate a schema (including the name, entrypoints, events, etc.) for your contract, you can use the schema command: cargo odra schema This generates a schema file in JSON format for all your contracts and places them in the resources folder. If the resources folder does not exist, it creates the folder for you. Like with the build command, you can use the -c option to generate a schema for a specific contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cargo Odra","url":"/docs/basics/cargo-odra#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we will take a look at all the files and directories that cargo odra created for us and explain their purpose. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Host Communication","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Host Communication","url":"/docs/basics/communicating-with-host#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll dive into testing your contracts with Odra, so you can check that the code we presented in fact works! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Directory structure","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#cargotoml","content":"Let's first take a look at Cargo.toml file: [package] name = "sample" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "1.0.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "1.0.0" [build-dependencies] odra-build = "1.0.0" [[bin]] name = "sample_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "sample_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 By default, your project will use the latest odra version available at crates.io. For testing purposes, odra-test is also added as a dev dependency. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#odratoml","content":"This is the file that holds information about contracts that will be generated when running cargo odra build andcargo odra test: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" As we can see, we have a single contract, its fqn (Fully Qualified Name) corresponds to the contract is located in src/flipper.rs. More contracts can be added here by hand, or by using cargo odra generate command. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"src/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#src","content":"This is the folder where your smart contract files live. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"bin/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#bin","content":"This is the folder where scripts that will be used to generate code or schemas live. You don't need to modify those files, they are generated by cargo odra new command and are used by cargo odra build, cargo odra test and cargo odra schema commands. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"target/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#target","content":"Files generated by cargo during the build process are put here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"wasm/​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Directory structure","url":"/docs/basics/directory-structure#wasm","content":"WASM files generated by cargo odra build and cargo odra test are put here. You can grab those WASM files and deploy them on the blockchain. What's next Now, let's take a look at one of the files mentioned above in more detail, namely the Odra.toml file. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cross calls","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract Ref​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls#contract-ref","content":"We mentioned HostRef already in our Testing article - a host side reference to already deployed contract. In the module context we use a ContractRef instead, to call other contracts. Similarly to a {{ModuleName}}HostRef, the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef is generated automatically, by the #[odra::module] attribute. To obtain an instance of a contract reference, we simply call the constructor - {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env: Rc<ContractEnv>, address: Address), as shown above. The reference implements all the public endpoints to the contract (those marked as pub in #[odra::module]impl), and the {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::address() function, which returns the address of the contract. External Contracts Sometimes in our contract, we would like to interact with a someone else's contract, already deployed onto the blockchain. The only thing we know about the contract is the ABI. For that purpose, we use #[odra:external_contract] attribute. This attribute should be applied to a trait. The trait defines the part of the ABI we would like to take advantage of. Let's pretend the MathEngine we defined is an external contract. There is a contract with add() function that adds two numbers somewhere. #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Adder { fn add(&self, n1: u32, n2: u32) -> u32; } Analogously to modules, Odra creates the AdderContractRef struct (and AdderHostRef to be used in tests, but do not implement the Deployer trait). Having an address, in the module context we can call: AdderContractRef::new(self.env(), address).add(3, 5) ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Loading the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls#loading-the-contract","content":"Sometimes it is useful to load the deployed contract instead of deploying it by ourselves. This is especially useful when we want to test our contracts in Livenet backend. We can load the contract using load method on the Deployer: examples/bin/erc20_on_livenet.rs fn _load(env: &HostEnv) -> Erc20HostRef { let address = "hash-d26fcbd2106e37be975d2045c580334a6d7b9d0a241c2358a4db970dfd516945"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); <Erc20HostRef as HostRefLoader>::load(env, address) } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Cross calls","url":"/docs/basics/cross-calls#testing","content":"Let's see how we can test our cross calls using this knowledge: examples/src/features/cross_calls.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{CrossContractHostRef, CrossContractInitArgs, MathEngineHostRef}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_cross_calls() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let math_engine_contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); let cross_contract = CrossContractHostRef::deploy( &test_env, CrossContractInitArgs { math_engine_address: *math_engine_contract.address() } ); assert_eq!(cross_contract.add_using_another(), 8); } } Each test begins with a clean instance of the blockchain, with no contracts deployed. To test an external contract, we first deploy a MathEngine contract, although we won't directly utilize it. Instead, we only extract its address. Let's continue assuming there is a contract featuring the add() function that we intend to utilize. #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{Address, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_ext() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let adder = AdderHostRef::new(&test_env, get_adder_address(&test_env)).add(3, 5) assert_eq!(adder.add(1, 2), 3); } fn get_adder_address(test_env: &HostEnv) -> Address { let contract = MathEngineHostRef::deploy(test_env, NoArgs); *contract.address() } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Casper Contract Schema","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Odra and CCS​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#odra-and-ccs","content":"There is almost nothing you need to do to use CCS in your Odra project. The only thing to be taken care of is using odra attributes namely: module, event, odra_error and odra_type. The schema will be generated for you and available in the resources directory. note If you forget to register events and errors in the module attribute, the definition remains valid; however, the errors and events will not be incorporated into the schema. src/contract.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module( // the name of the contract, default is the module name name = "MyContract", // the version of the contract, default is the version of the crate version = "0.1.0", // events that the contract can emit, collected recursively if submodules are used events = [ Created, Updated ], // the error enum the contract can revert with, collected recursively if submodules are used errors = MyErrors )] pub struct MyContract { name: Var<String>, owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl MyContract { /// Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, owner: Address) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.owner.set(owner.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Created { name }); } /// Updates the name of the contract and emits an event pub fn update(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name.clone()); self.env().emit_event(Updated { name }); } /// Returns the data of the contract pub fn get_data(&self) -> Data { Data { name: self.name.get_or_default(), owner: self.owner.get_or_revert_with(MyErrors::InvalidOwner), } } } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Data { name: String, owner: Address, } // The enum variants will we visible in the schema in the errors section #[odra::odra_error] pub enum MyErrors { /// The owner is invalid InvalidOwner, /// The name is invalid InvalidName, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Updated { name: String, } // The struct will we visible in the schema in the types section and events section #[odra::event] pub struct Created { name: String, } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Generating the Schema​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#generating-the-schema","content":"To generate the schema run the following cargo-odra command: cargo odra schema # or pass -c flag to generate the schema for a specific contract ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Output​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-output","content":"The generated schema will be available in the resources directory. The schema is a JSON file that contains all the information about the contract. Here is an example of the generated schema: resources/my_contract_schema.json { "casper_contract_schema_version": 1, "toolchain": "rustc 1.77.0-nightly (5bd5d214e 2024-01-25)", "authors": [], "repository": null, "homepage": null, "contract_name": "MyContract", "contract_version": "0.1.0", "types": [ { "struct": { "name": "Created", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Data", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key" } ] } }, { "struct": { "name": "Updated", "description": null, "members": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String" } ] } } ], "errors": [ { "name": "InvalidName", "description": "The name is invalid", "discriminant": 1 }, { "name": "InvalidOwner", "description": "The owner is invalid", "discriminant": 0 } ], "entry_points": [ { "name": "update", "description": "Updates the name of the contract and emits an event", "is_mutable": true, "arguments": [ { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false } ], "return_ty": "Unit", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" }, { "name": "get_data", "description": "Returns the data of the contract", "is_mutable": false, "arguments": [], "return_ty": "Data", "is_contract_context": true, "access": "public" } ], "events": [ { "name": "Created", "ty": "Created" }, { "name": "Updated", "ty": "Updated" } ], "call": { "wasm_file_name": "MyContract.wasm", "description": "Initializes the contract, sets the name and owner and emits an event", "arguments": [ { "name": "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name", "description": "The arg name for the package hash key name.", "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_allow_key_override", "description": "The arg name for the allow key override.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "odra_cfg_is_upgradable", "description": "The arg name for the contract upgradeability setting.", "ty": "Bool", "optional": false }, { "name": "name", "description": null, "ty": "String", "optional": false }, { "name": "owner", "description": null, "ty": "Key", "optional": false } ] } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Schema Fields​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Casper Contract Schema","url":"/docs/basics/casper-contract-schema#schema-fields","content":"casper_contract_schema_version is the version of the schema.toolchain is the version of the Rust compiler used to compile the contract.Fields authors, repository, and homepage are optional and can be set in the Cargo.toml file.contract_name is the name of the contract - by default is the module name, may be overriden by the module attribute.contract_version denotes the version of the contract, defaulting to the version specified in the Cargo.toml file, but can be overridden by the module attribute.types comprises a list of custom structs and enums defined within the contract. Each struct or enum includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), and a list of members.errors is a list of error enums defined within the contract. Each error includes a name, description (the first line of the variant documentation), and a discriminant.entry_points is a list of contract functions that can be called from the outside. Each entry point includes a name, description (not currently supported, with the value set to null), whether the function is mutable, a list of arguments, the return type, whether the function is called in the contract context, and the access level.events is a list of events that the contract can emit. Each event includes a name and the type (earlier defined in types) of the event.The call section provides details regarding the contract's call function, which executes upon contract deployment. It includes the name of the Wasm file, a description (reflecting the constructor's description, typically the init function), and a list of arguments. These arguments are a combination of Odra configuration arguments and constructor arguments. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Errors","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/errors","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/basics/errors#testing-errors","content":"Okay, but how about testing it? Let's write a test that will check if the error is thrown when the caller is not an owner: examples/src/features/handling_errors.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{Error, OwnedContractHostRef, OwnedContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::Deployer, prelude::*}; #[test] fn test_owner_error() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let owner = test_env.get_account(0); let not_an_owner = test_env.get_account(1); test_env.set_caller(owner); let init_args = OwnedContractInitArgs { name: "OwnedContract".to_string() }; let mut owned_contract = OwnedContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); test_env.set_caller(not_an_owner); assert_eq!( owned_contract.try_change_name("NewName".to_string()), Err(Error::NotAnOwner.into()) ); } } Each {{ModuleName}}HostRef has try_{{entry_point_name}} functions that return an OdraResult.OwnedContractHostRef implements regular entrypoints: name, owner, change_name, and and safe its safe version: try_name, try_owner, try_change_name. In our example, we are calling try_change_name and expecting an error to be thrown. For assertions, we are using a standard assert_eq! macro. As the contract call returns an OdraError, we need to convert our custom error to OdraError using Into::into(). ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Errors","url":"/docs/basics/errors#whats-next","content":"We will learn how to emit and test events using Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/events","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing events​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/basics/events#testing-events","content":"Odra's HostEnv comes with a few functions which lets you easily test the events that a given contract has emitted: examples/src/features/events.rs use super::{PartyContractHostRef, PartyStarted}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_party() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let party_contract = PartyContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); test_env.emitted_event( party_contract.address(), &PartyStarted { caller: test_env.get_account(0), block_time: 0 } ); // If you do not want to check the exact event, you can use `emitted` function test_env.emitted(party_contract.address(), "PartyStarted"); // You can also check how many events were emitted. assert_eq!(test_env.events_count(party_contract.address()), 1); } To explore more event testing functions, check the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Events","url":"/docs/basics/events#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn how to call other contracts from the contract context. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Flipper Internals","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Header​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#header","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; Pretty straightforward. Odra wraps the code of the specific blockchains SDKs into its own implementation that can be reused between targets. In the above case, we're importing Var, which is responsible for storing simple values on the blockchain's storage. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Struct​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#struct","content":"flipper.rs /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } In Odra, all contracts are also modules, which can be reused between contracts. That's why we need to mark the struct with the #[odra::module] attribute. In the struct definition itself, we state all the fields of the contract. Those fields can be regular Rust data types, however - those will not be persisted on the blockchain. They can also be Odra modules - defined in your project or coming from Odra itself. Finally, to make the data persistent on the blockchain, you can use something likeVar<T> showed above. To learn more about storage interaction, take a look at thenext article. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Impl​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#impl","content":"flipper.rs /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } ... Similarly to the struct, we mark the impl section with the #[odra::module] attribute. Odra will take allpub functions from this section and create contract endpoints from them. So, if you wish to have functions that are not available for calling outside the contract, do not make them public. Alternatively, you can create a separate impl section without the attribute - all functions defined there, even marked with pub will be not callable. The function named init is the constructor of the contract. This function will be limited to only to a single call, all further calls to it will result in an error. The init function is optional, if your contract does not need any initialization, you can skip it. flipper.rs ... /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } ... The endpoints above show you how to interact with the simplest type of storage - Var<T>. The data saved there using set function will be persisted in the blockchain. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#tests","content":"flipper.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } ... You can write tests in any way you prefer and know in Rust. In the example above we are deploying the contract using Deployer::deploy function called on FlipperHostRef - a piece of code generated by the #[odra::module]. Because the module implements the constructor but does not accept any arguments, as the second argument of the deploy function, we pass NoArgs - one of the implementations of the InitArgs trait provided with the framework. The contract will be deployed on the VM you chose while running cargo odra test. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper Internals","url":"/docs/basics/flipper-internals#whats-next","content":"Now let's take a look at the different types of storage that Odra provides and how to use them. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/basics/modules#testing","content":"As we don't need to hold addresses, the test is really simple: examples/src/features/modules.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::ModulesContractHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let modules_contract = ModulesContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(modules_contract.add_using_module(), 8); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Modules","url":"/docs/basics/modules#whats-next","content":"We will see how to handle native token transfers. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra.toml","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/odra-toml","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Adding a new contract manually​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/basics/odra-toml#adding-a-new-contract-manually","content":"Besides using the cargo odra generate command, you can add a new contract to be compiled by hand. To do this, add another [[contracts]] element, name it and make sure that the fqn is set correctly. For example, if you want to create a new contract called counter, your Odra.toml file should finally look like this: [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Flipper" [[contracts]] fqn = "sample::Counter" ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra.toml","url":"/docs/basics/odra-toml#whats-next","content":"In the next section, we'll take a closer look at the code that was generated by Odra by default - the famousFlipper contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Native token","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/native-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Native token","url":"/docs/basics/native-token#testing","content":"To be able to test how many tokens a contract (or any address) has, HostEnv comes with a function -balance_of: examples/src/features/native_token.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::PublicWalletHostRef; use odra::{casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}}; #[test] fn test_modules() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut my_contract = PublicWalletHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::zero()); my_contract.with_tokens(U512::from(100)).deposit(); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(100)); my_contract.withdraw(U512::from(25)); assert_eq!(test_env.balance_of(my_contract.address()), U512::from(75)); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/testing","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"HostEnv​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/basics/testing#hostenv","content":"Odra gives us some additional functions that we can use to communicate with the host (outside the contract context) and to configure how the contracts are deployed and called. Let's revisit the example from the previous article about host communication and implement the tests that prove it works: examples/src/features/testing.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::features::testing::{TestingContractHostRef, TestingContractInitArgs}; use odra::{host::{Deployer, HostEnv}, prelude::*}; #[test] fn env() { let test_env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(0)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract".to_string() }; let testing_contract = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator = testing_contract.created_by(); test_env.set_caller(test_env.get_account(1)); let init_args = TestingContractInitArgs { name: "MyContract2".to_string() }; let testing_contract2 = TestingContractHostRef::deploy(&test_env, init_args); let creator2 = testing_contract2.created_by(); assert_ne!(creator, creator2); } } In the code above, at the beginning of the test, we are obtaining a HostEnv instance using odra_test::env(). Next, we are deploying two instances of the same contract, but we're using HostEnv::set_callerto change the caller - so the Address which is deploying the contract. This changes the result of the odra::ContractEnv::caller()the function we are calling inside the contract. HostEnv comes with a set of functions that will let you write better tests: fn set_caller(&self, address: Address) - you've seen it in action just nowfn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 - returns the balance of the account associated with the given addressfn advance_block_time(&self, time_diff: u64) - increases the current value of block_timefn get_account(&self, n: usize) -> Address - returns an n-th address that was prepared for you by Odra in advance; by default, you start with the 0-th accountfn emitted_event<T: ToBytes + EventInstance>(&self, contract_address: &Address, event: &T) -> bool - verifies if the event was emitted by the contract Full list of functions can be found in the HostEnv documentation. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Testing","url":"/docs/basics/testing#whats-next","content":"We take a look at how Odra handles errors! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Storage interaction","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Var​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#var","content":"The Var is the simplest storage type available in the Odra framework. It serializes the data and stores it under a single key in the blockchain storage. To use it, just wrap your variable in the Var type. Let's look at a "real world" example of a contract that represents a dog: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract { barks: Var<bool>, weight: Var<u32>, name: Var<String>, walks: Var<Vec<u32>>, } You can see the Var wrapping the data. Even complex types like Vec can be wrapped (with some caveats)! Let's make this contract usable, by providing a constructor and some getter functions: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract { pub fn init(&mut self, barks: bool, weight: u32, name: String) { self.barks.set(barks); self.weight.set(weight); self.name.set(name); self.walks.set(Vec::<u32>::default()); } pub fn barks(&self) -> bool { self.barks.get_or_default() } pub fn weight(&self) -> u32 { self.weight.get_or_default() } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() as u32 } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.iter().sum() } } As you can see, you can access the data, by using get_or_default function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs ... self.barks.get_or_default() ... note Keep in mind that using get() will result in an Option that you'll need to unwrap - the variable doesn't have to be initialized! To modify the data, use the set() function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs self.barks.set(barks); A Var is easy to use and efficient for simple data types. One of its downsides is that it serializes the data as a whole, so when you're using complex types like Vec or HashMap, each time you get or set the whole data is read and written to the blockchain storage. In the example above, if we want to see how many walks our dog had, we would use the function: examples/src/features/storage/variable.rs pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> usize { let walks = self.walks.get_or_default(); walks.len() } But to do so, we need to extract the whole serialized vector from the storage, which would inefficient, especially for larger sets of data. To tackle this issue following two types were created. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Mapping​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#mapping","content":"The Mapping is used to store and access data as key-value pairs. To define a Mapping, you need to pass two values - the key type and the value type. Let's look at the variation of the Dog contract, that uses Mapping to store information about our dog's friends and how many times they visited: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract2 { name: Var<String>, friends: Mapping<String, u32>, } In the example above, our key is a String (it is a name of the friend) and we are storing u32 values (amount of visits). To read and write values from and into a Mapping we use a similar approach to the one shown in the Vars section with one difference - we need to pass a key: examples/src/features/storage/mapping.rs pub fn visit(&mut self, friend_name: String) { let visits = self.visits(friend_name.clone()); self.friends.set(&friend_name, visits + 1); } pub fn visits(&self, friend_name: String) -> u32 { self.friends.get_or_default(&friend_name) } The biggest improvement over a Var is that we can model functionality of a HashMap using Mapping. The amount of data written to and read from the storage is minimal. However, we cannot iterate over Mapping. We could implement such behavior by using a numeric type key and saving the length of the set in a separate variable. Thankfully Odra comes with a prepared solution - the List type. note If you take a look into List implementation in Odra, you'll see that in fact it is just a Mapping with a Var working together: core/src/list.rs use odra::{List, Var}; pub struct List<T> { values: Mapping<u32, T>, index: Var<u32> } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"List​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#list","content":"Going back to our DogContract example - let's revisit the walk case. This time, instead of Vec, we'll use the list: examples/src/features/storage/list.rs use odra::{prelude::*, List, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct DogContract3 { name: Var<String>, walks: List<u32>, } As you can see, the notation is very similar to the Vec. To understand the usage, take a look at the reimplementation of the functions with an additional function that takes our dog for a walk (it writes the data to the storage): examples/src/features/storage/list.rs #[odra::module] impl DogContract3 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String) { self.name.set(name); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn walks_amount(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.len() } pub fn walks_total_length(&self) -> u32 { self.walks.iter().sum() } pub fn walk_the_dog(&mut self, length: u32) { self.walks.push(length); } } Now, we can know how many walks our dog had without loading the whole vector from the storage. We need to do this to sum the length of all the walks, but the Odra framework cannot (yet) handle all the cases for you. info All of the above examples, alongside the tests, are available in the Odra repository in the examples/src/features/ folder. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Custom Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#custom-types","content":"By default you can store only built-in types like numbers, Options, Results, Strings, Vectors. Implementing custom types is straightforward, your type must add #[odra::odra_type] attribute. Let's see how to implement a Dog type: use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } #[odra_type] is applicable to named field structs and enums. It generates serialization, deserialization and schema code for your type.CLType of a custom type is CLType::Any, except for an unit-only enum, which is CLType::U8. unit_only_enum.rs enum Enum { Foo = 3, Bar = 2, Baz = 1, } note Each custom typed field of your struct must be marked with the #[odra::odra_type] attribute . ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Storage interaction","url":"/docs/basics/storage-interaction#whats-next","content":"In the next article, we'll see how to query the host for information about the world and our contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"odra-examples","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/examples/odra-examples","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"odra-examples","url":"/docs/examples/odra-examples#whats-next","content":"Read the next article to learn about reusable Odra components encapsulated in odra-modules. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installation","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#prerequisites","content":"To start working with Odra, you need to have the following installed on your machine: Rust toolchain installed (see rustup.rs)wasmstrip tool installed (see wabt) We do not provide exact commands for installing these tools, as they are different for different operating systems. Please refer to the documentation of the tools themselves. With Rust toolchain ready, you can add a new target: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown note wasm32-unknown-unknown is a target that will be used by Odra to compile your smart contracts to WASM files. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Installing Cargo Odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#installing-cargo-odra","content":"Cargo Odra is a helpful tool that will help you to build and test your smart contracts. It is not required to use Odra, but the documentation will assume that you have it installed. To install it, simply execute the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --locked To check if it was installed correctly and see available commands, type: cargo odra --help If everything went fine, we can proceed to the next step. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Creating a new Odra project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#creating-a-new-odra-project","content":"To create a new project, simply execute: cargo odra new --name my-project && cd my_project This will create a new folder called my_project and initialize Odra there. Cargo Odra will create a sample contract for you in src directory. You can run the tests of this contract by executing: cargo odra test This will run tests using Odra's internal OdraVM. You can run those tests against a real backend, let's use CasperVM: cargo odra test -b casper Congratulations! Now you are ready to create contracts using Odra framework! If you had any problems during the installation process, feel free to ask for help on our Discord. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next?​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Installation","url":"/docs/getting-started/installation#whats-next","content":"If you want to see the code that you just tested, continue to the description of Flipper example. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using odra-modules","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Available modules​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#available-modules","content":"Odra modules comes with couple of ready-to-use modules and reusable extensions. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#tokens","content":"CEP-18​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 18 (CEP-18) is a standard interface for the CSPR and the custom made tokens. Inspired by the ERC20 standard. Read more about the CEP-18 here. CEP-78​ Casper Ecosystem Proposal 78 (CEP-78) is an enhanced NFT standard focused on ease of use and installation. Inspired by the ERC721 standard. Read more about the CEP-78 here. Erc20​ The Erc20 module implements the ERC20 standard. Erc721​ The Erc721Base module implements the ERC721 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc721Token module implements the ERC721Base and additionally uses the Erc721Metadata and Ownable extensions. The Erc721Receiver trait lets you implement your own logic for receiving NFTs. The OwnedErc721WithMetadata trait is a combination of Erc721Token, Erc721Metadata and Ownable modules. Erc1155​ The Erc1155Base module implements the ERC1155 standard, adjusted for the Odra framework. The Erc1155Token module implements the ERC1155Base and additionally uses the Ownable extension. The OwnedErc1155 trait is a combination of Erc1155Token and Ownable modules. Wrapped native token​ The WrappedNativeToken module implements the Wrapper for the native token, it was inspired by the WETH. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Access​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#access","content":"AccessControl​ This module enables the implementation of role-based access control mechanisms for children modules. Roles are identified by their 32-bytes identifier, which should be unique and exposed in the external API. Ownable​ This module provides a straightforward access control feature that enables exclusive access to particular functions by an account, known as the owner. The account that initiates the module is automatically assigned as the owner. However, ownership can be transferred later by using thetransfer_ownership() function. Ownable2Step​ An extension of the Ownable module. Ownership can be transferred in a two-step process by using transfer_ownership() and accept_ownership() functions. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Security​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using odra-modules","url":"/docs/examples/using-odra-modules#security","content":"Pausable​ A module allowing to implement an emergency stop mechanism that can be triggered by any account. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Flipper example","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Let's flip​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper#lets-flip","content":"flipper.rs use odra::Var; /// A module definition. Each module struct consists Vars and Mappings /// or/and another modules. #[odra::module] pub struct Flipper { /// The module itself does not store the value, /// it's a proxy that writes/reads value to/from the host. value: Var<bool>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl Flipper { /// Odra constructor, must be named `init`. /// /// Initializes the contract with the value of value. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.value.set(false); } /// Replaces the current value with the passed argument. pub fn set(&mut self, value: bool) { self.value.set(value); } /// Replaces the current value with the opposite value. pub fn flip(&mut self) { self.value.set(!self.get()); } /// Retrieves value from the storage. /// If the value has never been set, the default value is returned. pub fn get(&self) -> bool { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use crate::flipper::FlipperHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn flipping() { let env = odra_test::env(); // To test a module we need to deploy it. Autogenerated `FlipperHostRef` // implements `Deployer` trait, so we can use it to deploy the module. let mut contract = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract.get()); contract.flip(); assert!(contract.get()); } #[test] fn test_two_flippers() { let env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract1 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let contract2 = FlipperHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); assert!(!contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); contract1.flip(); assert!(contract1.get()); assert!(!contract2.get()); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper#testing","content":"To run the tests, execute the following command: cargo odra test # or add the `-b casper` flag to run tests on the CasperVM ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Flipper example","url":"/docs/getting-started/flipper#whats-next","content":"In the next category of articles, we will go through basic concepts of Odra. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Access Control","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#code","content":"Before we start writing code, we list the functionalities of our access control layer. A Role type is used across the module.A Role can be assigned to many Addresses.Each Role may have a corresponding admin role.Only an admin can grant/revoke a Role.A Role can be renounced.A Role cannot be renounced on someone's behalf.Each action triggers an event.Unauthorized access stops contract execution. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Project Structure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#project-structure","content":"access-control ├── src │ ├── access │ │ ├── access_control.rs │ │ ├── events.rs │ │ └── errors.rs │ └── lib.rs |── build.rs |── Cargo.toml └── Odra.toml ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Errors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#events-and-errors","content":"There are three actions that can be performed concerning a Role: granting, revoking, and altering the admin role. Let us establish standard Odra events for each of these actions. events.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; use super::access_control::Role; #[odra::event] pub struct RoleGranted { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleRevoked { pub role: Role, pub address: Address, pub sender: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct RoleAdminChanged { pub role: Role, pub previous_admin_role: Role, pub new_admin_role: Role } L5-L17 - to describe the grant or revoke actions, our events specify the Role, and Addresses indicating who receives or loses access and who provides or withdraws it.L19-L24 - the event describing the admin role change, requires the subject Role, the previous and the current admin Role. errors.rs #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { MissingRole = 20_000, RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress = 20_001, } Errors definition is straightforward - there are only two invalid states: An action is triggered by an unauthorized actor.The caller is attempting to resign the Role on someone's behalf. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Access Control","url":"/docs/tutorials/access-control#module","content":"Now, we are stepping into the most interesting part: the module definition and implementation. access_control.rs use super::events::*; use super::errors::Error; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Mapping}; pub type Role = [u8; 32]; pub const DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE: Role = [0u8; 32]; #[odra::module(events = [RoleAdminChanged, RoleGranted, RoleRevoked])] pub struct AccessControl { roles: Mapping<(Role, Address), bool>, role_admin: Mapping<Role, Role> } #[odra::module] impl AccessControl { pub fn has_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) -> bool { self.roles.get_or_default(&(*role, *address)) } pub fn get_role_admin(&self, role: &Role) -> Role { let admin_role = self.role_admin.get(role); if let Some(admin) = admin_role { admin } else { DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE } } pub fn grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_grant_role(role, address); } pub fn revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { self.check_role(&self.get_role_admin(role), &self.env().caller()); self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } pub fn renounce_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if address != &self.env().caller() { self.env().revert(Error::RoleRenounceForAnotherAddress); } self.unchecked_revoke_role(role, address); } } impl AccessControl { pub fn check_role(&self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.env().revert(Error::MissingRole); } } pub fn set_admin_role(&mut self, role: &Role, admin_role: &Role) { let previous_admin_role = self.get_role_admin(role); self.role_admin.set(role, *admin_role); self.env().emit_event(RoleAdminChanged { role: *role, previous_admin_role, new_admin_role: *admin_role }); } pub fn unchecked_grant_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if !self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), true); self.env().emit_event(RoleGranted { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } pub fn unchecked_revoke_role(&mut self, role: &Role, address: &Address) { if self.has_role(role, address) { self.roles.set(&(*role, *address), false); self.env().emit_event(RoleRevoked { role: *role, address: *address, sender: self.env().caller() }); } } } L6 - Firstly, we need the Role type. It is simply an alias for a 32-byte array.L8 - The default role is an array filled with zeros.L10-L13 - The storage consists of two mappings: roles - a nested mapping that stores information about whether a certain Role is granted to a given Address.role_admin - each Role can have a single admin Role. L18-L20 - This is a simple check to determine if a Role has been granted to a given Address. It is an exposed entry point and an important building block widely used throughout the entire module.L49 - This is a non-exported block containing helper functions.L50-L54 - The check_role() function serves as a guard function. Before a Role is granted or revoked, we must ensure that the caller is allowed to do so. For this purpose, the function reads the roles mapping. If the role has not been granted to the address, the contract reverts with Error::MissingRole.L56-L64 - The set_admin_role() function simply updates the role_admin mapping and emits the RoleAdminChanged event.L66-L86 - The unchecked_grant_role() and unchecked_revoke_role() functions are mirror functions that update the roles mapping and post RoleGranted or RoleRevoked events. If the role is already granted, unchecked_grant_role() has no effect (the opposite check is made in the case of revoking a role).L22-L29 - The get_role_admin() entry point reads the role_admin. If there is no admin role for a given role, it returns the default role.L31-L46 - This is a combination of check_role() and unchecked_*_role(). Entry points fail on unauthorized access. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Odra for Solidity developers","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity","content":"","keywords":"","version":"next"},{"title":"Introduction​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#introduction","content":"Hi, stranger Solidity developer! If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#prerequisites","content":"To follow this guide, you should have: Knowledge of Solidity.Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts.Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hello World​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#hello-world","content":"Let's start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct HelloWorld { greet: Var<String>, } #[odra::module] impl HelloWorld { pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) { self.greet.set(message); } pub fn get(&self) -> String { self.greet.get_or_default() } } As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the odra::module attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the HelloWorld struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: init to set the greeting message and get to retrieve it. Two key differences are: Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly.To initialize values, you must do it in the init function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Variable Storage and State Management​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#variable-storage-and-state-management","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Data Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-types","content":"OdraSolidity use core::str::FromStr; use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256}, module::Module, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct Primitives { boo: Var<bool>, u: Var<u8>, // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type u2: Var<U256>, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type i: Var<i32>, // i32 is the smallest signed integer type i2: Var<i64>, // i64 is the biggest signed integer type address: Var<Address>, bytes: Var<Bytes>, default_boo: Var<bool>, default_uint: Var<U256>, default_int: Var<i64>, default_addr: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Primitives { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.boo.set(true); self.u.set(1); self.u2.set(U256::from(456)); self.i.set(-1); self.i2.set(456); self.address.set( Address::from_str( "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb", ) .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()), ); self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5])); let _min_int = U256::zero(); let _max_int = U256::MAX; } // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool { self.default_boo.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 { self.default_uint.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 { self.default_int.get_or_default() } // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address { self.default_addr.get_or_default() } } The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: u8, u16, u32, u64, U128, and U256 for unsigned integers, and i32 and i64 for signed integers. The Address type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the Address type; the workaround is to use Option<Address>. The Bytes type is used to store byte arrays. Values are stored in units called Named Keys and Dictionaries. Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Constants and Immutability​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#constants-and-immutability","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address}; #[odra::module] pub struct Constants; #[odra::module] impl Constants { pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]); pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account( AccountHash([0u8; 32]) ); } In Odra, you can define constants using the const keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the immutable keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's immutable keyword. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Variables​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#variables","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Variables { text: Var<String>, my_uint: Var<U256>, } #[odra::module] impl Variables { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.text.set("Hello".to_string()); self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123)); } pub fn do_something(&self) { // Local variables let i = 456; // Env variables let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time(); let sender = self.env().caller(); } } In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ContractEnv retrieved using the env() function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Arrays and Mappings​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#arrays-and-mappings","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping}; #[odra::module] pub struct MappingContract { my_map: Mapping<Address, Option<U256>> } #[odra::module] impl MappingContract { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 { // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option<Option<U256>> // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) { self.my_map.set(&addr, None); } } #[odra::module] pub struct NestedMapping { my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option<bool>> } #[odra::module] impl NestedMapping { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool { self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None); } } OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Array { // the size of the array must be known at compile time arr: Var<[u8; 10]>, vec: Var<Vec<u32>>, } #[odra::module] impl Array { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]); self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); } pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] { self.arr.get_or_default() } pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.push(value); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.pop(); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); arr[index as usize] = value; self.arr.set(arr); } } For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the Var container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a Mapping or List instead of an array or vector to store data. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Custom types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#custom-types","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::odra_type] #[derive(Default)] pub enum Status { #[default] Pending, Shipped, Accepted, Rejected, Canceled, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { status: Var<Status>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn get(&self) -> Status { self.status.get_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) { self.status.set(status); } pub fn cancel(&mut self) { self.status.set(Status::Canceled); } pub fn reset(&mut self) { self.status.set(Default::default()); } } In Odra, custom types are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the #[default] attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the Default::default() function. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, List}; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Todo { text: String, completed: bool, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { // You could also use Var<Vec<Todo>> instead of List<Todo>, // but List is more efficient for large arrays, // it loads items lazily. todos: List<Todo>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) { self.todos.push(Todo { text, completed: false, }); } pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.text = text; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.completed = !todo.completed; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } // Odra does not create getters by default pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<Todo> { self.todos.get(index) } } Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the List type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Data Location​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-location","content":"In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be memory, storage, or calldata. In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., Var, Mapping, List), the data is stored in the contract's storage. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#functions","content":"Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function: impl Erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount); // Transfer logic goes here } fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { // Internal transfer logic goes here } } Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ContractEnv function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"View and Pure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#view-and-pure","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct ViewAndPure { x: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl ViewAndPure { pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 { self.x.get_or_default() + y } } pub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 { i + j } In Odra, you don't need to specify view or pure functions explicitly. All functions are considered view functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be &mut self. If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Modifiers​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#modifiers","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct FunctionModifier { x: Var<u32>, locked: Var<bool>, } #[odra::module] impl FunctionModifier { pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 { self.lock(); self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i); if i > 1 { self.decrement(i - 1); } self.unlock(); } #[inline] fn lock(&mut self) { if self.locked.get_or_default() { self.env().revert("No reentrancy"); } self.locked.set(true); } #[inline] fn unlock(&mut self) { self.locked.set(false); } } In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the lock and unlock functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly. As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the #[inline] attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Visibility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#visibility","content":"Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts. Functions can be declared as: OdraSolidity `pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call. `pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call. `default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#payable","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Payable { owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Payable { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.owner.set(self.env().caller()); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&self) { } pub fn not_payable(&self) { } pub fn withdraw(&self) { let amount = self.env().self_balance(); self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount); } pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) { self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount); } } In Odra, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Selectors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#selectors","content":"In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector. contract_addr.call( abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234) ) Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Logging​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#events-and-logging","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Log { sender: Address, message: String, } #[odra::event] pub struct AnotherLog {} #[odra::module] struct Event; #[odra::module] impl Event { pub fn test(&self) { let env = self.env(); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello World!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(AnotherLog {}); } } In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the #[odra::event] attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's emit_event() function, passing the event struct as an argument. note Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the Basics section. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Error Handling​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#error-handling","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum CustomError { InsufficientBalance = 1, InputLowerThanTen = 2, } #[odra::module] pub struct Error; #[odra::module] impl Error { pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) { if i <= 10.into() { self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen); } } pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) { let balance = self.env().self_balance(); if balance < withdraw_amount { self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance); } } } In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: require, revert, assert, and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the env().revert() function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Composition vs. Inheritance​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#composition-vs-inheritance","content":"In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another. Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule}; #[odra::module] pub struct A; #[odra::module] impl A { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "A".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct B { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl B { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "B".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct C { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl C { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "C".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct D { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl D { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.c.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct E { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl E { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.b.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct F { a: SubModule<A>, b: SubModule<B>, } #[odra::module] impl F { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.a.foo() } } Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers. In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Libraries and Utility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#libraries-and-utility","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; mod math { use odra::casper_types::U256; pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 { let mut z = y; if y > 3.into() { let mut x = y / 2 + 1; while x < z { z = x; x = (y / x + x) / 2; } } else if y != U256::zero() { z = U256::one(); } z } } #[odra::module] struct TestMath; #[odra::module] impl TestMath { pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 { math::sqrt(x) } } #[odra::odra_error] enum Error { EmptyArray = 100, } trait Removable { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize); } impl Removable for Var<Vec<U256>> { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) { let env = self.env(); let mut vec = self.get_or_default(); if vec.is_empty() { env.revert(Error::EmptyArray); } vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env); self.set(vec); } } #[odra::module] struct TestArray { arr: Var<Vec<U256>>, } #[odra::module] impl TestArray { pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); for i in 0..3 { arr.push(i.into()); } self.arr.set(arr); self.arr.remove(1); let arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2); assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into()); assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into()); } } In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the Math library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the TestMath contract calls the sqrt function directly, while the TestArray contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type uint256[] by adding the remove function. In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the Removable trait for the Var<Vec<U256>> type allows the remove function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of U256 values. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Fallback and Receive Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#fallback-and-receive-functions","content":"In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a receive() and/or fallback() function. The receive() function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the fallback() function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called. Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the receive() and fallback() functions. Instead, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Miscellaneous​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#miscellaneous","content":"","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hashing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#hashing","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256}, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct HashFunction; #[odra::module] impl HashFunction { pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] { let env = self.env(); let mut data = Vec::new(); data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); env.hash(data) } } #[odra::module] pub struct GuessTheMagicWord { answer: Var<[u8; 32]>, } #[odra::module] impl GuessTheMagicWord { /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.answer.set([ 0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84, 0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08, ]); } /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word. pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool { let env = self.env(); let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); hash == self.answer.get_or_default() } } The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the keccak256 function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the env.hash() function is used, which implements the blake2b algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Try-catch​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#try-catch","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Example { other_contract: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Example { pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) { self.other_contract.set(other_contract); } pub fn execute_external_call(&self) { if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() { let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function(); match result { Ok(success) => { // Code to execute if the external call was successful } Err(reason) => { // Code to execute if the external call failed } } } } } #[odra::module] pub struct OtherContract; #[odra::module] impl OtherContract { pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result<bool, ()> { Ok(true) } } In Solidity, try/catch is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The try/catch statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation. In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the try/catch statement in Solidity. However, you can use the Result type to handle errors in a similar way. The Result type is an enum that represents either success (Ok) or failure (Err). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts. ","version":"next","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/next/tutorials/odra-solidity#conclusion","content":"Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development. Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework. Read more about the Odra Framework in the Basics and Advanced sections. Learn by example with our Tutorial series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the Erc20 standard implementation. If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our Discord! ","version":"next","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.9.0. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Update build_schema.rs bin​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#21-update-build_schemars-bin","content":"Odra 0.9.0 adds a new standardized way of generating contract schema - Casper Contract Schema. You can find the updated build_schema.rs file in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2 Update smart contract code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#22-update-smart-contract-code","content":"The main changes in the smart contract code are related to the way of defining custom types, events and errors. The following sections will guide you through the necessary changes. 2.2.1. Update custom types definitions.​ #[derive(OdraType)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_type] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Dog { pub name: String, pub age: u8, pub owner: Option<Address> } 2.2.2. Update errors definitions.​ #[derive(OdraError)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::odra_error] attribute. Error enum should be passed as a parameter to the #[odra::module] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 #[odra::module(events = [/* events go here */], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { // fields } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.2.3. Update events definitions.​ #[derive(Event)] attribute has been replace with #[odra::event] attribute. 0.9.00.8.0 use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.9.0. 0.9.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer], errors = Error)] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(Error::NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { // nothing changed in the tests } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.9.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.9.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#casper-wallet","content":"We will be using Casper Wallet to do some tasks in this tutorial. To install it, please follow the instructions on theofficial website. After setting up the wallet, extract the private key of the account you want to use for our testing. You can do this by clicking on the Menu > Download account keys. danger You are solely responsible for the security of your private keys. We recommend creating a new account for the testing purposes. Why do we need the private key? We will use it in Odra to deploy our contract to the Casper network using Livenet backend. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Getting tokens​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#getting-tokens","content":"To deploy the contract on the Livenet, we need to have some CSPR. The easiest way to get them is to use the faucet, which will send us 1000 CSPR for free. Unfortunately, only on the Testnet. To use the faucet, go to the Casper Testnet Faucet. Log in using your Casper Wallet account and click on the "Request Tokens" button. note One account can request tokens only once. If you run out of tokens, you can either ask someone in the Casper community to send you some, or simply create a new account in the wallet. Now, when we have the tokens, we can deploy the contract. Let's do it using Odra! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra Livenet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#odra-livenet","content":"Odra Livenet is described in detail in thebackends section of this documentation. We will then briefly describe how to use set it up in this tutorial. In your contract code, create a new file in the bin folder: bin/our_token_livenet.rs //! Deploys a new OurToken contract on the Casper livenet and mints some tokens for the tutorial //! creator. use std::str::FromStr; use odra::casper_types::U256; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, HostRefLoader}; use odra::Address; use ourcoin::token::{OurTokenHostRef, OurTokenInitArgs}; fn main() { // Load the Casper livenet environment. let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); // Caller is the deployer and the owner of the private key. let owner = env.caller(); // Just some random address... let recipient = "hash-48bd92253a1370d1d913c56800296145547a243d13ff4f059ba4b985b1e94c26"; let recipient = Address::from_str(recipient).unwrap(); // Deploy new contract. let mut token = deploy_our_token(&env); println!("Token address: {}", token.address().to_string()); // Propose minting new tokens. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.propose_new_mint(recipient, U256::from(1_000)); // Vote, we are the only voter. env.set_gas(1_000_000_000u64); token.vote(true, U256::from(1_000)); // Let's advance the block time by 11 minutes, as // we set the voting time to 10 minutes. // OH NO! It is the Livenet, so we need to wait real time... // Hopefully you are not in a hurry. env.advance_block_time(11 * 60 * 1000); // Tally the votes. env.set_gas(1_500_000_000u64); token.tally(); // Check the balances. println!("Owner's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&owner)); println!( "Tutorial creator's balance: {:?}", token.balance_of(&recipient) ); } /// Deploys a contract. pub fn deploy_our_token(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let name = String::from("OurToken"); let symbol = String::from("OT"); let decimals = 0; let initial_supply = U256::from(1_000); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply, }; env.set_gas(300_000_000_000u64); OurTokenHostRef::deploy(env, init_args) } /// Loads a contract. Just in case you need to load an existing contract later... fn _load_cep18(env: &HostEnv) -> OurTokenHostRef { let address = "hash-XXXXX"; let address = Address::from_str(address).unwrap(); OurTokenHostRef::load(env, address) } In your Cargo.toml file, we need to add a new dependency, a feature and register the new binary. In the end, it should look like this: Cargo.toml [package] name = "ourcoin" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-modules = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true } [dev-dependencies] odra-test = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } [build-dependencies] odra-build = { version = "1.0.0", features = [], default-features = false } [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "ourcoin_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "our_token_livenet" path = "bin/our_token_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 Finally, add the .env file with the following content: .env # Path to the secret key of the account that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=folder_with_your_secret_key/secret_key_file.pem # RPC address of the node that will be used to deploy the contracts. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://138.201.80.141:7777 # Chain name of the network. ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-test Of course, you need to replace the secret key's path with the path to the secret key file you downloaded from the Casper Wallet. note One of the problems you may encounter is that the node you are using will be down or will not accept your calls. In this case, you will have to find and use another node IP address. Now, we will run our code: cargo run --bin our_token_livenet --features livenet If everything is set up correctly, you should see the output similar to this: Running `target/debug/our_token_livenet` 💁 INFO : Deploying "OurToken". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/OurToken.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227". 💁 INFO : Deploy "e6b34772ebc3682702674102db87c633b0544242eafd5944e680371be4ea1227" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" deployed. Token address: hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "propose_new_mint". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361". 💁 INFO : Deploy "2f89cc96b6f8f05b88f8e75bef3a2f0ba39e9ab761693afff49e4112aa9d7361" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "vote". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5". 💁 INFO : Deploy "aca9ae847cfcb97c81b4c64992515ff14d6f63a60f7c141558463f5b752058a5" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : advance_block_time called - Waiting for 660000 ms 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857" with entrypoint "tally". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef". 💁 INFO : Deploy "223b135edbeadd88425183abaec0b0afb7d7770ffc57eba9054e3ea60e9e9cef" successfully executed. Owner's balance: 1000 Tutorial creator's balance: 1000 Congratulations, your contract is now deployed on the Casper network! Before we move on, note the address of the token! We will use it in the next section to interact with the token. In our case it ishash-565bd0bde39c8c3dd79e49c037e05eac8add2b2193e86a91a6bac068e0de7857. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Cspr.live​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#csprlive","content":"The first thing we will do is to explore Casper's network block explorer,cspr.live. We can put the address of our token in the search bar to find it. note If you deployed your contract on the Testnet, remember to make sure that the Testnet network is selected in the dropdown menu in the top right corner. If everything is set up correctly, you should see the contract package's details. Besides the owner, keys etc., you can also see the contract's metdata, if it was developed using a standard that cspr.live supports. Indeed, we can see that it detected that our contract is a CEP-18 token! We see the name, symbol and total supply. All the mentions of the contract on the website will use the token name instead of the contract address. Additionally, on the Token Txs tab, we can see the transactions that happened with the token. We can see the minting transaction we did in the previous section and transfers done during the voting process. If we click on one of the accounts that recieved the tokens, we will go to the account page. Here, on the Tokens tab, we can see all the tokens that the account has - and OurToken is one of them! If you wish, you can check the status of the contract deployed during the development of this tutorial here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Transferring Tokens using Casper Wallet​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#transferring-tokens-using-casper-wallet","content":"Casper wallet can do much more than just logging in to the faucet, exporting the private keys and transferring CSPR. It can also interact with the contracts deployed on the network. If you deployed the contract and left some OT tokens to yourself, you should see them in the Casper Wallet window. You should also be able to transfer them to another account! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Deploying a Token on Casper Livenet","url":"/docs/tutorials/deploying-on-casper#conclusion","content":"We've successfully deployed a token on the Casper network and interacted with it using the Odra backend and Casper Wallet. We've also learned how to use the cspr.live block explorer to check the status of your contract. Odra, Cspr.live and Casper Wallet are just a few of the tools that the Casper ecosystem provides. Feel free to explore them on casperecosystem.io. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"1. Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#1-prerequisites","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"1.1. Update cargo-odra​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#11-update-cargo-odra","content":"Before you begin the migration process, make sure you installed the latest version of the Cargo Odra toolchain. You can install it by running the following command: cargo install cargo-odra --force --locked ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"1.2. Review the Changelog​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#12-review-the-changelog","content":"Before you move to changing your code, start by reviewing the Changelog to understand the changes introduced in v0.8.0. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2. Migration Steps​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#2-migration-steps","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"2.1 Add bin directory​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#21-add-bin-directory","content":"Odra 0.8.0 introduces a new way to build smart contracts. The .builder_casper directory is no longer used. Instead, you should create a new directory called bin in the root of your project and add the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files to the bin directory. You can find the build_contract.rs and build_schema.rs files in templates directory in the Odra main repository. You can choose whatever template you want to use and copy the files to your project. In both files, you should replace {{project-name}} with the name of your project. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Cargo.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-cargotoml","content":"There a bunch of changes in the Cargo.toml file. You don't have to specify the features anymore - remove the features section and default-features flag from the odra dependency.Register bins you added in the previous step.Add dev-dependencies section with odra-test crate.Add recommended profiles for release and dev to optimize the build process. Below you can compare the Cargo.toml file after and before the migration to v0.8.0: 0.8.0Prev [package] name = "my_project" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = "0.8.0" [dev-dependencies] odra-test = "0.8.0" [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_contract" path = "bin/build_contract.rs" test = false [[bin]] name = "my_project_build_schema" path = "bin/build_schema.rs" test = false [profile.release] codegen-units = 1 lto = true [profile.dev.package."*"] opt-level = 3 ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.2. Update Odra.toml​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#22-update-odratoml","content":"Due to the changes in cargo-odra, the Odra.toml file has been simplified. The name property is no longer required. 0.8.0Prev [[contracts]] fqn = "my_project::Flipper" ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.3. Update Smart Contracts​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#23-update-smart-contracts","content":"The smart contracts themselves will need to be updated to work with the new version of the framework. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the contracts. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.3.1. Update the use statements to reflect the new module structure.​ Big integer types are now located in the odra::casper_types module.odra::types::Address is now odra::Address.Variable is now Var.Remove odra::contract_env.Remove odra::types::event::OdraEvent.Remove odra::types::OdraType as it is no longer required.Change odra::types::casper_types::*; to odra::casper_types::*;. 2.3.2. Some type aliases are no longer in use.​ Balance - use odra::casper_types::U512.BlockTime - use u64.EventData - use odra::casper_types::bytesrepr::Bytes. 2.3.3. Consider import odra::prelude::* in your module files.​ 2.3.4. Flatten nested Mappings.​ // Before #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<Address, Mapping<Address, U256>> } // After #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { ... allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } 2.3.5. Update errors definitions.​ execution_error! macro has been replace with OdraError derive macro. 0.8.0Prev use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } 2.3.6. Update events definitions.​ 0.8.0Prev use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Event; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } // Emitting the event self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); 2.3.7. Replace contract_env with self.env() in your modules.​ self.env() is a new way to access the contract environment, returns a reference to ContractEnv. The API is similar to the previous contract_env but with some changes. fn get_var<T: FromBytes>(key: &[u8]) -> Option<T> is now fn get_value<T: FromBytes>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<T>.fn set_var<T: CLTyped + ToBytes>(key: &[u8], value: T) is now fn set_value<T: ToBytes + CLTyped>(&self, key: &[u8], value: T).set_dict_value() and get_dict_value() has been removed. All the dictionary operations should be performed using Mapping type, internally using set_var() and get_var() functions. fn hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> Vec<u8> is now fn hash<T: ToBytes>(&self, value: T) -> [u8; 32].fn revert<E: Into<ExecutionError>>(error: E) -> ! is now fn revert<E: Into<OdraError>>(&self, error: E) -> !.fn emit_event<T: ToBytes + OdraEvent>(event: T) is now fn emit_event<T: ToBytes>(&self, event: T).fn call_contract<T: CLTyped + FromBytes>(address: Address, entrypoint: &str, args: &RuntimeArgs, amount: Option<U512>) -> T is now fn call_contract<T: FromBytes>(&self, address: Address, call: CallDef) -> T.functions native_token_metadata() and one_token() have been removed. 2.3.8. Wrap submodules of your module with odra::SubModule<T>.​ 0.8.0Prev #[odra::module(events = [Transfer])] pub struct Erc721Token { core: SubModule<Erc721Base>, metadata: SubModule<Erc721MetadataExtension>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable> } 2.3.9. Update external contract calls.​ However the definition of an external contract remains the same, the way you call it has changed. A reference to an external contract is named {{ModuleName}}ContractRef (former {{ModuleName}}Ref) and you can call it using {{ModuleName}}ContractRef::new(env, address) (former {{ModuleName}}Ref::at()). 0.8.0Prev #[odra::external_contract] pub trait Token { fn balance_of(&self, owner: &Address) -> U256; } // Usage TokenContractRef::new(env, token).balance_of(account) 2.3.10. Update constructors.​ Remove the #[odra::init] attribute from the constructor and ensure that the constructor function is named init. 2.3.11. Update UnwrapOrRevert calls.​ The functions unwrap_or_revert and unwrap_or_revert_with now require &HostEnv as the first parameter. 2.3.12. Remove #[odra(using)] attribute from your module definition.​ Sharing the same instance of a module is no longer supported. A redesign of the module structure might be required. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"2.4. Update Tests​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#24-update-tests","content":"Once you've updated your smart contracts, you'll need to update your tests to reflect the changes. The changes will depend on the specific features and APIs used in the tests. Here are some common changes you might need to make: 2.4.1. Contract deployment.​ The way you deploy a contract has changed: You should use {{ModuleName}}HostRef::deploy(&env, args) instead of {{ModuleName}}Deployer::init(). The {{ModuleName}}HostRef implements odra::host::Deployer.Instantiate the HostEnv using odra_test::env(), required by the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function.If the contract doesn't have init args, you should use odra::host::NoArgs as the second argument of the deploy function.If the contract has init args, you should pass the autogenerated {{ModuleName}}InitArgs as the second argument of the deploy function. 0.8.0Prev // A contract without init args use super::OwnableHostRef; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef, NoArgs}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let ownable = OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs) // A contract with init args use super::{Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv}; let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) }; let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); 2.4.2. Host interactions.​ Replace odra::test_env with odra_test::env().The API of odra::test_env and odra_test::env() are similar, but there are some differences: test_env::advance_block_time_by(BlockTime) is now env.advance_block_time(u64).test_env::token_balance(Address) is now env.balance_of(&Address).functions test_env::last_call_contract_gas_cost(), test_env::last_call_contract_gas_used(), test_env::total_gas_used(Address), test_env::gas_report() have been removed. You should use HostRef::last_call() and extract the data from a odra::ContractCallResult instance. HostRef is a trait implemented by {{ModuleName}}HostRef. 2.4.3. Testing failing scenarios.​ test_env::assert_exception() has been removed. You should use the try_ prefix to call the function and then assert the result.try_ prefix is a new way to call a function that might fail. It returns a OdraResult type, which you can then assert using the standard Rust assert_eq! macro. 0.8.0Prev #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } 2.4.4. Testing events.​ assert_events! macro has been removed. You should use HostEnv::emitted_event() to assert the emitted events. The new API doesn't allow to assert multiple events at once, but adds alternative ways to assert the emitted events. Check the HostEnv documentation to explore the available options. 0.8.0Prev let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let erc20 = Erc20HostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ... assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"3. Code Examples​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#3-code-examples","content":"Here is a complete example of a smart contract after and before the migration to v0.8.0. 0.8.0Prev src/erc20.rs use crate::erc20::errors::Error::*; use crate::erc20::events::*; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Approval, Transfer])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init( &mut self, symbol: String, name: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: Option<U256> ) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.name.set(name); self.decimals.set(decimals); if let Some(initial_supply) = initial_supply { self.total_supply.set(initial_supply); self.balances.set(&caller, initial_supply); if !initial_supply.is_zero() { self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(caller), amount: initial_supply }); } } } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_revert_with(NameNotSet) } // Other getter functions... pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } pub fn burn(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { if self.balance_of(address) < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance); } self.total_supply.subtract(*amount); self.balances.subtract(address, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*address), to: None, amount: *amount }); } } impl Erc20 { fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { if *amount > self.balances.get_or_default(owner) { self.env().revert(InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.subtract(owner, *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(InsufficientAllowance) } self.allowances.subtract(&(*owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } pub mod events { use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Event}; #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } #[derive(Event, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } } pub mod errors { use odra::OdraError; #[derive(OdraError)] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 30_000, InsufficientAllowance = 30_001, NameNotSet = 30_002, SymbolNotSet = 30_003, DecimalsNotSet = 30_004 } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::{ errors::Error, events::{Approval, Transfer}, Erc20HostRef, Erc20InitArgs }; use odra::{ casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}, prelude::* }; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: Some(INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()) } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } // Other tests... } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"4. Troubleshooting​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#4-troubleshooting","content":"If you encounter any further issues after completing the migration steps, please don't hesitate to reach out to us on Discord or explore the other sections this documentation. You can also refer to the technical documentation for more detailed information. Additionally, our examples repository offers a wide range of examples to assist you in understanding the new features and APIs. Be sure to carefully review any compilation errors and warnings, as they may provide valuable insights into the necessary adjustments. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"5. References​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Migration guide to v0.8.0","url":"/docs/migrations/to-0.8.0#5-references","content":"ChangelogOdra DocumentationDocs.rsExamples ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"CEP-18","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Self-governing token​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#self-governing-token","content":"There are many ways to implement a governance mechanism for a token, each more complex than the other. In our example, we will use a simple one, where the community of token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Token implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#token-implementation","content":"Let's start by creating a new project, choosing a clever name and using cep18 as our starting template: cargo odra new --name ourcoin --template cep18 Let's glance at our token code: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct MyToken { token: SubModule<Cep18>, } impl MyToken { // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token sub-module. delegate! { to self.token { ... fn name(&self) -> String; fn symbol(&self) -> String; ... As we can see, it indeed uses the Cep18 module and delegates all the methods to it. The only thing to do is to change the name of the struct to more appropriate OurToken, run the provided tests using cargo odra test, and continue with the implementation of the governance. note Remember to change the name of the struct and its usages as well as the struct name in the Odra.toml file! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Governance implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#governance-implementation","content":"Let's go through the process of implementing the governance mechanism. If we don't want to, we don't have to hide entrypoints from the public responsible for minting new tokens. By default, minting Modalityis turned off, so any attempt of direct minting will result in an error. We will however implement a voting mechanism, where the token holders can vote to mint new tokens. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Voting mechanism​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#voting-mechanism","content":"Our voting system will be straightforward: Anyone with the tokens can propose a new mint.Anyone with the tokens can vote for the new mint by staking their tokens.If the majority of the token holders vote for the mint, it is executed. Storage​ We will need to store some additional information about the votes, so let's add some fields to our token struct: src/token.rs #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A sub-module that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } Notice that proposed_mint contains a tuple containing the address of the proposer and the amount of tokens to mint. Moreover, we need to keep track if the vote time has ended, but also if it was already tallied, that's why we need both is_vote_open and vote_end_time. We will also use the power of the Listtype to store the Ballots. Proposing a new mint​ To implement the endpoint that allows token holders to propose a new mint, we need to add a new function to our token module: src/token.rs /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open().get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 60 * 10 * 1000); } As a parameters to the function, we pass the address of the account that should be the receiver of the minted tokens, and the amount. After some validation, we open the vote by setting the is_vote_open to true, and setting the vote_end_time to 10 minutes. In real-world scenarios, the time could be configurable, but for the sake of simplicity, we hardcoded it. Also, it should be quite longer than 10 minutes, but it will come in handy when we test it on Livenet. Voting for the mint​ Next, we need an endpoint that will allow us to cast a ballot: src/token.rs /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token .transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } The most interesting thing here is that we are using a mechanism of staking, where we transfer our tokens to the contract, to show that we really mean it. The tokens will be locked until the vote is over, and tallied. Speaking of tallying... Tallying the votes​ The last step is to tally the votes and mint the tokens if the majority of voters agreed to do so: src/token.rs /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token.raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } Notice how we used raw_transfer from the Cep18 module. We used it to set the sender, so the contract's balance will be used, instead of the caller's. Additonally, we used raw_mint to mint the tokens, skipping the security checks. We have no modality for minting, but even if we had, we don't have anyone with permissions! The Contract needs to mint the tokens itself. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Testing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#testing","content":"Now, we will put our implementation to the test. One unit test, that we can run both on OdraVM and on the CasperVM. src/token.rs #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } We can run the test using both methods: cargo odra test cargo odra test -b casper It is all nice and green, but it would be really nice to see it in action. How about deploying it on the Casper network? ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#whats-next","content":"We will se our token in action, by deploying it on the Casper network, and using tools from the Casper Ecosystem to interact with it. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Complete code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"CEP-18","url":"/docs/tutorials/cep18#complete-code","content":"Here is the complete code of the OurToken module: src/token.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Address, List, SubModule, Var}; use odra_modules::cep18_token::Cep18; /// A ballot cast by a voter. #[odra::odra_type] struct Ballot { voter: Address, choice: bool, amount: U256, } /// Errors for the governed token. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum GovernanceError { /// The vote is already in progress. VoteAlreadyOpen = 0, /// No vote is in progress. NoVoteInProgress = 1, /// Cannot tally votes yet. VoteNotYetEnded = 2, /// Vote ended VoteEnded = 3, /// Only the token holders can propose a new mint. OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose = 4, } /// A module definition. Each module struct consists of Vars and Mappings /// or/and other modules. #[odra::module] pub struct OurToken { /// A submodule that implements the CEP-18 token standard. token: SubModule<Cep18>, /// The proposed mint. proposed_mint: Var<(Address, U256)>, /// The list of votes cast in the current vote. votes: List<Ballot>, /// Whether a vote is open. is_vote_open: Var<bool>, /// The time when the vote ends. vote_end_time: Var<u64>, } /// Module implementation. /// /// To generate entrypoints, /// an implementation block must be marked as #[odra::module]. #[odra::module] impl OurToken { /// Initializes the contract with the given metadata and initial supply. pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { // We put the token address as an admin, so it can govern itself. Self-governing token! self.token .init(symbol, name, decimals, initial_supply, vec![], vec![], None); } // Delegate all Cep18 functions to the token submodule. delegate! { to self.token { /// Admin EntryPoint to manipulate the security access granted to users. /// One user can only possess one access group badge. /// Change strength: None > Admin > Minter /// Change strength meaning by example: If a user is added to both Minter and Admin, they will be an /// Admin, also if a user is added to Admin and None then they will be removed from having rights. /// Beware: do not remove the last Admin because that will lock out all admin functionality. fn change_security( &mut self, admin_list: Vec<Address>, minter_list: Vec<Address>, none_list: Vec<Address> ); /// Returns the name of the token. fn name(&self) -> String; /// Returns the symbol of the token. fn symbol(&self) -> String; /// Returns the number of decimals the token uses. fn decimals(&self) -> u8; /// Returns the total supply of the token. fn total_supply(&self) -> U256; /// Returns the balance of the given address. fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256; /// Returns the amount of tokens the owner has allowed the spender to spend. fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256; /// Approves the spender to spend the given amount of tokens on behalf of the caller. fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Decreases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn decrease_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, decr_by: &U256); /// Increases the allowance of the spender by the given amount. fn increase_allowance(&mut self, spender: &Address, inc_by: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the caller to the recipient. fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Transfers tokens from the owner to the recipient using the spender's allowance. fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Mints new tokens and assigns them to the given address. fn mint(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); /// Burns the given amount of tokens from the given address. fn burn(&mut self, owner: &Address, amount: &U256); } } /// Proposes a new mint for the contract. pub fn propose_new_mint(&mut self, account: Address, amount: U256) { // Only allow proposing a new mint if there is no vote in progress. if self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteAlreadyOpen); } // Only the token holders can propose a new mint. if self.balance_of(&self.env().caller()) == U256::zero() { self.env() .revert(GovernanceError::OnlyTokenHoldersCanPropose); } // Set the proposed mint. self.proposed_mint.set((account, amount)); // Open a vote. self.is_vote_open.set(true); // Set the vote end time to 10 minutes from now. self.vote_end_time .set(self.env().get_block_time() + 10 * 60 * 1000); } /// Votes on the proposed mint. pub fn vote(&mut self, choice: bool, amount: U256) { // Only allow voting if there is a vote in progress. self.assert_vote_in_progress(); let voter = self.env().caller(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); // Transfer the voting tokens from the voter to the contract. self.token.transfer(&contract, &amount); // Add the vote to the list. self.votes.push(Ballot { voter, choice, amount, }); } /// Count the votes and perform the action pub fn tally(&mut self) { // Only allow tallying the votes once. if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } // Only allow tallying the votes after the vote has ended. let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() < finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteNotYetEnded); } // Count the votes let mut yes_votes = U256::zero(); let mut no_votes = U256::zero(); let contract = self.env().self_address(); while let Some(vote) = self.votes.pop() { if vote.choice { yes_votes += vote.amount; } else { no_votes += vote.amount; } // Transfer back the voting tokens to the voter. self.token .raw_transfer(&contract, &vote.voter, &vote.amount); } // Perform the action if the vote has passed. if yes_votes > no_votes { let (account, amount) = self .proposed_mint .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); self.token.raw_mint(&account, &amount); } // Close the vote. self.is_vote_open.set(false); } fn assert_vote_in_progress(&self) { if !self.is_vote_open.get_or_default() { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); } let finish_time = self .vote_end_time .get_or_revert_with(GovernanceError::NoVoteInProgress); if self.env().get_block_time() > finish_time { self.env().revert(GovernanceError::VoteEnded); } } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::Deployer; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OurTokenInitArgs { name: "OurToken".to_string(), symbol: "OT".to_string(), decimals: 0, initial_supply: U256::from(1_000u64), }; let mut token = OurTokenHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); // The deployer, as the only token holder, // starts a new voting to mint 1000 tokens to account 1. // There is only 1 token holder, so there is one Ballot cast. token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(1000)); // The tokens should now be staked. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::zero()); // Wait for the vote to end. env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); // Finish the vote. token.tally(); // The tokens should now be minted. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(2000)); assert_eq!(token.total_supply(), 3000.into()); // The stake should be returned. assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(0)), U256::from(1000)); // Now account 1 can mint new tokens with their voting power... env.set_caller(env.get_account(1)); token.propose_new_mint(env.get_account(1), U256::from(2000)); token.vote(true, U256::from(2000)); // ...Even if the deployer votes against it. env.set_caller(env.get_account(0)); token.vote(false, U256::from(1000)); env.advance_block_time(60 * 11 * 1000); token.tally(); // The power of community governance! assert_eq!(token.balance_of(&env.get_account(1)), U256::from(4000)); } } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#contract","content":"Let's write a contract with complex storage layout. The contract stores a plain numeric value, a custom nested type and a submodule with another submodule with stores a Mapping. We will expose two methods: The constructor init which sets the metadata and the version of the contract.The method set_data which sets the value of the numeric field and the values of the mapping. custom_item.rs use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Mapping, SubModule, Var}; // A custom type with a vector of another custom type #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Price { value: U256, } // The main contract with a version, metadata and a submodule #[odra::module] pub struct CustomItem { version: Var<u32>, meta: Var<Metadata>, data: SubModule<Data> } #[odra::module] impl CustomItem { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, description: String, price_1: U256, price_2: U256) { let meta = Metadata { name, description, prices: vec![ Price { value: price_1 }, Price { value: price_2 } ] }; self.meta.set(meta); self.version.set(self.version.get_or_default() + 1); } pub fn set_data(&mut self, value: u32, name: String, name2: String) { self.data.value.set(value); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name, 10); self.data.inner.named_values.set(&name2, 20); } } // A submodule with a numeric value and another submodule #[odra::module] struct Data { value: Var<u32>, inner: SubModule<InnerData>, } // A submodule with a mapping #[odra::module] struct InnerData { named_values: Mapping<String, u32>, } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Deploying the contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#deploying-the-contract","content":"First, we need to setup the chain. We will use the NCTL docker image to run a local network. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Next, we need to compile the contract to a Wasm file. cargo odra build -c custom_item Then, we can deploy the contract using the casper-client tool. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key path/to/your/secret_key.pem \\ --session-path [PATH_TO_WASM] \\ --payment-amount 100000000000 \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_package_hash_key_name:string:'test_contract_package_hash'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_allow_key_override:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "odra_cfg_is_upgradable:bool:'true'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='My Name'" \\ --session-arg "description:string='My Description'" \\ --session-arg "price_1:u256='101'" \\ --session-arg "price_2:u256='202'" Finally, we can call the set_data method to set the values of the contract. casper-client put-deploy \\ --node-address http://localhost:11101 \\ --chain-name casper-net-1 \\ --secret-key ./keys/secret_key.pem \\ --payment-amount 2000000000 \\ --session-hash [DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_HASH] \\ --session-entry-point "set_data" \\ --session-arg "value:u32:'666'" \\ --session-arg "name:string='alice'" \\ --session-arg "name2:string='bob'" ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Storage Layout​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#storage-layout","content":"To read the state of the contract, we need to understand the storage layout. The first step is to calculate the index of the keys. Storage Layout CustomItem: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0000 0 version: u32, 0x0..._0000_0000_0001 1 meta: Metadata, 0x0..._0000_0000_0010 2 data: Data: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0000_0011 3 value: u32, 0x0..._0000_0011_0001 (3 << 4) + 1 inner: InnerData: prefix: 0x0..._0000_0011_0010 (3 << 4) + 2 named_values: Mapping 0x0..._0011_0010_0001 ((3 << 4) + 2) << 4 + 1 The actual key is obtained as follows: Convert the index to a big-endian byte array.Concatenate the index with the mapping data.Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b.Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded). In more detail, the storage layout is described in the Storage Layout article. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Reading the state​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Build, Deploy and Read the State of a Contract","url":"/docs/tutorials/build-deploy-read#reading-the-state","content":"RustTypeScript main.rs use casper_client::{rpcs::DictionaryItemIdentifier, types::StoredValue, Verbosity}; use casper_types::{ bytesrepr::{FromBytes, ToBytes}, U256, }; // replace with your contract hash const CONTRACT_HASH: &str = "hash-..."; const NODE_ADDRESS: &str = "http://localhost:11101/rpc"; const RPC_ID: &str = "casper-net-1"; const DICTIONARY_NAME: &str = "state"; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Metadata { name: String, description: String, prices: Vec<Price>, } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] pub struct Price { value: U256, } async fn read_state_key(key: String) -> Vec<u8> { let state_root_hash = casper_client::get_state_root_hash( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, None, ) .await .unwrap() .result .state_root_hash .unwrap(); // Read the value from the `state` dictionary. let result = casper_client::get_dictionary_item( RPC_ID.to_string().into(), NODE_ADDRESS, Verbosity::Low, state_root_hash, DictionaryItemIdentifier::ContractNamedKey { key: CONTRACT_HASH.to_string(), dictionary_name: DICTIONARY_NAME.to_string(), dictionary_item_key: key, }, ) .await .unwrap() .result .stored_value; // We expect the value to be a CLValue if let StoredValue::CLValue(cl_value) = result { // Ignore the first 4 bytes, which are the length of the CLType. cl_value.inner_bytes()[4..].to_vec() } else { vec![] } } async fn metadata() -> Metadata { // The key for the metadata is 2, and it has no mapping data let key = key(2, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the name and store the remaining bytes let (name, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // Read the description and store the remaining bytes let (description, bytes) = String::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); // A vector is stored as a u32 size followed by the elements // Read the size of the vector and store the remaining bytes let (size, mut bytes) = u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); let mut prices = vec![]; // As we know the size of the vector, we can loop over it for _ in 0..size { // Read the value and store the remaining bytes let (value, rem) = U256::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap(); bytes = rem; prices.push(Price { value }); } // Anytime you finish parsing a value, you should check if there are any remaining bytes // if there are, it means you have a bug in your parsing logic. // For simplicity, we will ignore the remaining bytes here. Metadata { name, description, prices } } async fn value() -> u32 { // The key for the value is (3 << 4) + 1, and it has no mapping data let key = key((3 << 4) + 1, &[]); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } async fn named_value(name: &str) -> u32 { // The key for the named value is (((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, and the mapping data is the name as bytes let mapping_data = name.to_bytes().unwrap(); let key = key((((3 << 4) + 2) << 4) + 1, &mapping_data); let bytes = read_state_key(key).await; // Read the value and ignore the remaining bytes for simplicity u32::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap().0 } fn main() { let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap(); dbg!(runtime.block_on(metadata())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(value())); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("alice"))); dbg!(runtime.block_on(named_value("bob"))); } // The key is a combination of the index and the mapping data // The algorithm is as follows: // 1. Convert the index to a big-endian byte array // 2. Concatenate the index with the mapping data // 3. Hash the concatenated bytes using blake2b // 4. Return the hex representation of the hash (the stored key must be utf-8 encoded) fn key(idx: u32, mapping_data: &[u8]) -> String { let mut key = Vec::new(); key.extend_from_slice(idx.to_be_bytes().as_ref()); key.extend_from_slice(mapping_data); let hashed_key = blake2b(&key); hex::encode(&hashed_key) } fn blake2b(bytes: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] { let mut result = [0u8; 32]; let mut hasher = <blake2::Blake2bVar as blake2::digest::VariableOutput>::new(32) .expect("should create hasher"); let _ = std::io::Write::write(&mut hasher, bytes); blake2::digest::VariableOutput::finalize_variable(hasher, &mut result) .expect("should copy hash to the result array"); result } cargo run [src/main.rs:116:5] runtime.block_on(metadata()) = Metadata { name: "My Contract", description: "My Description", prices: [ Price { value: 123, }, Price { value: 321, }, ], } [src/main.rs:117:5] runtime.block_on(value()) = 666 [src/main.rs:118:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("alice")) = 20 [src/main.rs:119:5] runtime.block_on(named_value("bob")) = 10 ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"ERC-20","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: Advanced storage using key-value pairs,Odra types such as Address,Advanced event assertion. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#code","content":"Our module features a considerably more complex storage layout compared to the previous example. It is designed to store the following data: Immutable metadata - name, symbol, and decimals.Total supply.Balances of individual users.Allowances, essentially indicating who is permitted to spend tokens on behalf of another user. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#module-definition","content":"erc20.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [Transfer, Approval])] pub struct Erc20 { decimals: Var<u8>, symbol: Var<String>, name: Var<String>, total_supply: Var<U256>, balances: Mapping<Address, U256>, allowances: Mapping<(Address, Address), U256> } L10 - For the first time, we need to store key-value pairs. In order to do that, we use Mapping. The name is taken after Solidity's native type mapping.L11 - Odra does not allows nested Mappings as Solidity does. Instead, you can create a compound key using a tuple of keys. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Metadata​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#metadata","content":"erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.name.set(name); self.symbol.set(symbol); self.decimals.set(decimals); self.mint(&caller, &initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.name.get_or_default() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.symbol.get_or_default() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.decimals.get_or_default() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.total_supply.get_or_default() } } impl Erc20 { pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.balances.add(address, *amount); self.total_supply.add(*amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: None, to: Some(*address), amount: *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Transfer { pub from: Option<Address>, pub to: Option<Address>, pub amount: U256 } L1 - The first impl block, marked as a module, contains functions defined in the ERC-20 standard.L3-L9 - A constructor sets the token metadata and mints the initial supply.L28 - The second impl is not an Odra module; in other words, these functions will not be part of the contract's public interface.L29-L38 - The mint function is public, so, like in regular Rust code, it will be accessible from the outside. mint() uses the notation self.balances.add(address, *amount);, which is syntactic sugar for: use odra::UnwrapOrRevert; let current_balance = self.balances.get(address).unwrap_or_default(); let new_balance = <U256 as OverflowingAdd>::overflowing_add(current_balance, current_balance).unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()); self.balances.set(address, new_balance); ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Core​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#core","content":"To ensure comprehensive functionality, let's implement the remaining features such as transfer, transfer_from, and approve. Since they do not introduce any new concepts, we will present them without additional remarks. erc20.rs #[odra::module] impl Erc20 { ... pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let caller = self.env().caller(); self.raw_transfer(&caller, recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let spender = self.env().caller(); self.spend_allowance(owner, &spender, amount); self.raw_transfer(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner = self.env().caller(); self.allowances.set(&(owner, *spender), *amount); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner, spender: *spender, value: *amount }); } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.balances.get_or_default(&address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.allowances.get_or_default(&(*owner, *spender)) } } impl Erc20 { ... fn raw_transfer(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { let owner_balance = self.balances.get_or_default(&owner); if *amount > owner_balance { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientBalance) } self.balances.set(owner, owner_balance - *amount); self.balances.add(recipient, *amount); self.env().emit_event(Transfer { from: Some(*owner), to: Some(*recipient), amount: *amount }); } fn spend_allowance(&mut self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { let allowance = self.allowance(owner, spender); if allowance < *amount { self.env().revert(Error::InsufficientAllowance) } let new_allowance = allowance - *amount; self.allowances .set(&(*owner, *spender), new_allowance); self.env().emit_event(Approval { owner: *owner, spender: *spender, value: allowance - *amount }); } } #[odra::event] pub struct Approval { pub owner: Address, pub spender: Address, pub value: U256 } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { InsufficientBalance = 1, InsufficientAllowance = 2, } Now, compare the code we have written, with Open Zeppelin code. Out of 10, how Solidity-ish is our implementation? ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#test","content":"erc20.rs #[cfg(test)] pub mod tests { use super::*; use odra::{casper_types::U256, host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}}; const NAME: &str = "Plascoin"; const SYMBOL: &str = "PLS"; const DECIMALS: u8 = 10; const INITIAL_SUPPLY: u32 = 10_000; fn setup() -> (HostEnv, Erc20HostRef) { let env = odra_test::env(); ( env.clone(), Erc20HostRef::deploy( &env, Erc20InitArgs { symbol: SYMBOL.to_string(), name: NAME.to_string(), decimals: DECIMALS, initial_supply: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } ) ) } #[test] fn initialization() { // When deploy a contract with the initial supply. let (env, erc20) = setup(); // Then the contract has the metadata set. assert_eq!(erc20.symbol(), SYMBOL.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.name(), NAME.to_string()); assert_eq!(erc20.decimals(), DECIMALS); // Then the total supply is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.total_supply(), INITIAL_SUPPLY.into()); // Then a Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: None, to: Some(env.get_account(0)), amount: INITIAL_SUPPLY.into() } )); } #[test] fn transfer_works() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When transfer tokens to a recipient. let sender = env.get_account(0); let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = 1_000.into(); erc20.transfer(&recipient, &amount); // Then the sender balance is deducted. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&sender), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - amount ); // Then the recipient balance is updated. assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), amount); // Then Transfer event was emitted. assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(sender), to: Some(recipient), amount } )); } #[test] fn transfer_error() { // Given a new contract. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the transfer amount exceeds the sender balance. let recipient = env.get_account(1); let amount = U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) + U256::one(); // Then an error occurs. assert!(erc20.try_transfer(&recipient, &amount).is_err()); } #[test] fn transfer_from_and_approval_work() { let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); let (owner, recipient, spender) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let approved_amount = 3_000.into(); let transfer_amount = 1_000.into(); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY)); // Owner approves Spender. erc20.approve(&spender, &approved_amount); // Allowance was recorded. assert_eq!(erc20.allowance(&owner, &spender), approved_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount } )); // Spender transfers tokens from Owner to Recipient. env.set_caller(spender); erc20.transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &transfer_amount); // Tokens are transferred and allowance decremented. assert_eq!( erc20.balance_of(&owner), U256::from(INITIAL_SUPPLY) - transfer_amount ); assert_eq!(erc20.balance_of(&recipient), transfer_amount); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Approval { owner, spender, value: approved_amount - transfer_amount } )); assert!(env.emitted_event( erc20.address(), &Transfer { from: Some(owner), to: Some(recipient), amount: transfer_amount } )); // assert!(env.emitted(erc20.address(), "Transfer")); } #[test] fn transfer_from_error() { // Given a new instance. let (env, mut erc20) = setup(); // When the spender's allowance is zero. let (owner, spender, recipient) = (env.get_account(0), env.get_account(1), env.get_account(2)); let amount = 1_000.into(); env.set_caller(spender); // Then transfer fails. assert_eq!( erc20.try_transfer_from(&owner, &recipient, &amount), Err(Error::InsufficientAllowance.into()) ); } } L146 - Alternatively, if you don't want to check the entire event, you may assert only its type. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"ERC-20","url":"/docs/tutorials/erc20#whats-next","content":"Having two modules: Ownable and Erc20, let's combine them, and create an ERC-20 on steroids. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"OwnedToken","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#code","content":"What should our module be capable of? Conform the Erc20 interface.Allow only the module owner to mint tokens.Enable the current owner to designate a new owner. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#module-definition","content":"Let's define a module called OwnedToken that is a composition of Ownable and Erc20 modules. owned_token.rs use crate::{erc20::Erc20, ownable::Ownable}; use odra::prelude::*; use odra::module::SubModule; #[odra::module] pub struct OwnedToken { ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, erc20: SubModule<Erc20> } As you can see, we do not need any storage definition - we just take advantage of the already-defined modules! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Delegation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#delegation","content":"owned_token.rs ... use odra::{Address, casper_types::U256}; ... #[odra::module] impl OwnedToken { pub fn init(&mut self, name: String, symbol: String, decimals: u8, initial_supply: U256) { let deployer = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.init(deployer); self.erc20.init(name, symbol, decimals, initial_supply); } pub fn name(&self) -> String { self.erc20.name() } pub fn symbol(&self) -> String { self.erc20.symbol() } pub fn decimals(&self) -> u8 { self.erc20.decimals() } pub fn total_supply(&self) -> U256 { self.erc20.total_supply() } pub fn balance_of(&self, address: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.balance_of(address) } pub fn allowance(&self, owner: &Address, spender: &Address) -> U256 { self.erc20.allowance(owner, spender) } pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer(recipient, amount); } pub fn transfer_from(&mut self, owner: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.transfer_from(owner, recipient, amount); } pub fn approve(&mut self, spender: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.erc20.approve(spender, amount); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { self.ownable.get_owner() } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ownable.change_ownership(new_owner); } pub fn mint(&mut self, address: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.ownable.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); self.erc20.mint(address, amount); } } Easy. However, there are a few worth mentioning subtleness: L9-L10 - A constructor is an excellent place to initialize both modules at once.L13-L15 - Most of the entrypoints do not need any modification, so we simply delegate them to the erc20 module.L49-L51 - The same is done with the ownable module.L57-L60 - Minting should not be unconditional, we need some control over it. First, using ownable we make sure the caller really is indeed the owner. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"OwnedToken","url":"/docs/tutorials/owned-token#summary","content":"The Odra Framework encourages a modularized design of your smart contracts. You can encapsulate features in smaller units and test them in isolation, ensuring your project is easy to maintain. Finally, unleash their full potential by combining modules. You do not need any magic bindings for that. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ownable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Framework features​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#framework-features","content":"A module we will write in a minute, will help you master a few Odra features: storing a single value,defining a constructor,error handling,defining and emitting events.registering a contact in a test environment,interactions with the test environment,assertions (value, events, errors assertions). ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#code","content":"Before we write any code, we define functionalities we would like to implement. Module has an initializer that should be called once. Only the current owner can set a new owner.Read the current owner.A function that fails if called by a non-owner account. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Define a module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#define-a-module","content":"ownable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{Address, Var}; #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] pub struct Ownable { owner: Var<Option<Address>> } That was easy, but it is crucial to understand the basics before we move on. L4 - Firstly, we need to create a struct called Ownable and apply #[odra::module(events = [OwnershipChanged])] attribute to it. The events attribute is optional but informs the Odra toolchain about the events that will be emitted by the module and includes them in the contract's metadata. OwnershipChanged is a type that will be defined later.L6 - Then we can define the layout of our module. It is extremely simple - just a single state value. What is most important is that you can never leave a raw type; you must always wrap it with Var. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Init the module​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#init-the-module","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { pub fn init(&mut self, owner: Address) { if self.owner.get_or_default().is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized) } self.owner.set(Some(owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner }); } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 1, } #[odra::event] pub struct OwnershipChanged { pub prev_owner: Option<Address>, pub new_owner: Address } Ok, we have done a couple of things, let's analyze them one by one: L1 - The impl should be an Odra module, so add #[odra::module].L3 - The init function is a constructor. This matters if we would like to deploy the Ownable module as a standalone contract.L17-L20 - Before we set a new owner, we must assert there was no owner before and raise an error otherwise. For that purpose, we defined an Error enum. Notice that the #[odra::odra_error] attribute is applied to the enum. It generates, among others, the required Into<odra::OdraError> binding.L4-L6 - If the owner has been set already, we call ContractEnv::revert() function with an Error::OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized argument. L8 - Then we write the owner passed as an argument to the storage. To do so, we call the set() on Var.L22-L26 - Once the owner is set, we would like to inform the outside world. The first step is to define an event struct. The struct annotated with #[odra::event] attribute.L10 - Finally, call ContractEnv::emit_event() passing the OwnershipChanged instance to the function. Hence, we set the first owner, we set the prev_owner value to None. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Features implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#features-implementation","content":"ownable.rs #[odra::module] impl Ownable { ... pub fn ensure_ownership(&self, address: &Address) { if Some(address) != self.owner.get_or_default().as_ref() { self.env().revert(Error::NotOwner) } } pub fn change_ownership(&mut self, new_owner: &Address) { self.ensure_ownership(&self.env().caller()); let current_owner = self.get_owner(); self.owner.set(Some(*new_owner)); self.env().emit_event(OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(current_owner), new_owner: *new_owner }); } pub fn get_owner(&self) -> Address { match self.owner.get_or_default() { Some(owner) => owner, None => self.env().revert(Error::OwnerIsNotInitialized) } } } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { NotOwner = 1, OwnerIsAlreadyInitialized = 2, OwnerIsNotInitialized = 3, } The above implementation relies on the concepts we have already used in this tutorial, so it should be easy for you to get along. L7,L31 - ensure_ownership() reads the current owner and reverts if it does not match the input Address. Also, we need to update our Error enum by adding a new variant NotOwner.L11 - The function defined above can be reused in the change_ownership() implementation. We pass to it the current caller, using the ContractEnv::caller() function. Then we update the state and emit OwnershipChanged.L21,L33 - Lastly, a getter function. Read the owner from storage, if the getter is called on an uninitialized module, it should revert with a new Error variant OwnerIsNotInitialized. There is one worth-mentioning subtlety: Var::get() function returns Option<T>. If the type implements the Default trait, you can call the get_or_default() function, and the contract does not fail even if the value is not initialized. As the owner is of type Option<Address> the Var::get() would return Option<Option<Address>>, we use Var::get_or_default() instead. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Test​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#test","content":"ownable.rs #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostEnv, HostRef}; fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address) { let env: HostEnv = odra_test::env(); let init_args = OwnableInitArgs { owner: env.get_account(0) }; (OwnableHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args), env.clone(), env.get_account(0)) } #[test] fn initialization_works() { let (ownable, env, owner) = setup(); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: None, new_owner: owner } ); } #[test] fn owner_can_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, owner) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(owner); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!(ownable.get_owner(), new_owner); env.emitted_event( ownable.address(), &OwnershipChanged { prev_owner: Some(owner), new_owner } ); } #[test] fn non_owner_cannot_change_ownership() { let (mut ownable, env, _) = setup(); let new_owner = env.get_account(1); ownable.change_ownership(&new_owner); assert_eq!( ownable.try_change_ownership(&new_owner), Err(Error::NotOwner.into()) ); } } L6 - Each test case starts with the same initialization process, so for convenience, we have defined the setup() function, which we call in the first statement of each test. Take a look at the signature: fn setup() -> (OwnableHostRef, HostEnv, Address). OwnableHostRef is a contract reference generated by Odra. This reference allows us to call all the defined entrypoints, namely: ensure_ownership(), change_ownership(), get_owner(), but not init(), which is a constructor.L7-L11 - The starting point of every test is getting an instance of HostEnv by calling odra_test::env(). Our function returns a triple: a contract ref, an env, and an address (the initial owner). Odra's #[odra::module] attribute implements a odra::host::Deployer for OwnableHostRef, and OwnableInitArgs that we pass as the second argument of the odra::host::Deployer::deploy() function. Lastly, the module needs an owner. The easiest way is to take one from the HostEnv. We choose the address of first account (which is the default one). L14 - It is time to define the first test. As you see, it is a regular Rust test.L16-17 - Using the setup() function, we get the owner and a reference (in this test, we don't use the env, so we ignore it). We make a standard assertion, comparing the owner we know with the value returned from the contract. note You may have noticed, we use here the term module interchangeably with contract. The reason is once we deploy our module onto a virtual blockchain it may be considered a contract. L19-25 - On the contract, only the init() function has been called, so we expect one event to have been emitted. To assert that, let's use HostEnv. To get the env, we call env() on the contract, then call HostEnv::emitted_event. As the first argument, pass the contract address you want to read events from, followed by an event as you expect it to have occurred.L31 - Because we know the initial owner is the 0th account, we must select a different account. It could be any index from 1 to 19 - the HostEnv predefines 20 accounts.L33 - As mentioned, the default is the 0th account, if you want to change the executor, call the HostEnv::set_caller() function. note The caller switch applies only the next contract interaction, the second call will be done as the default account. L46-55 - If a non-owner account tries to change ownership, we expect it to fail. To capture the error, call HostEnv::try_change_ownership() instead of HostEnv::change_ownership(). HostEnv provides try_ functions for each contract's entrypoint. The try functions return OdraResult (an alias for Result<T, OdraError>) instead of panicking and halting the execution. In our case, we expect the contract to revert with the Error::NotOwner error. To compare the error, we use the Error::into() function, which converts the error into the OdraError type. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Summary​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#summary","content":"The Ownable module is ready, and we can test it against any defined backend. Theoretically it can be deployed as a standalone contract, but in upcoming tutorials you will see how to use it to compose a more complex contract. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"What's next​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ownable","url":"/docs/tutorials/ownable#whats-next","content":"In the next tutorial we will implement a ERC20 standard. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Ticketing System","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Ticket Office Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#ticket-office-contract","content":"Our TicketOffice contract will include the following features: Compliance with the CEP-78 standard.Ownership functionality.Only the owner can issue new event tickets.Users can purchase tickets for events.Tickets are limited to a one-time sale.Public access to view the total income of the TicketOffice. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Setup the project​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#setup-the-project","content":"Creating a new NFT token with Odra is straightforward. Use the cargo odra new command to create a new project with the CEP-78 template: cargo odra new --name ticket-office --template cep78 ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Contract implementation​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#contract-implementation","content":"Let's start implementing the TicketOffice contract by modify the code generated from the template. src/token.rs use odra::{ args::Maybe, casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, Mapping, SubModule, UnwrapOrRevert }; use odra_modules::access::Ownable; use odra_modules::cep78::{ modalities::{MetadataMutability, NFTIdentifierMode, NFTKind, NFTMetadataKind, OwnershipMode}, token::Cep78, }; pub type TicketId = u64; #[odra::odra_type] pub enum TicketStatus { Available, Sold, } #[odra::odra_type] pub struct TicketInfo { event_name: String, price: U512, status: TicketStatus, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketIssue { ticket_id: TicketId, event_name: String, price: U512, } #[odra::event] pub struct OnTicketSell { ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, } #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { TicketNotAvailableForSale = 200, InsufficientFunds = 201, InvalidTicketId = 202, TicketDoesNotExist = 203, } #[odra::module( events = [OnTicketIssue, OnTicketSell], errors = Error )] pub struct TicketOffice { token: SubModule<Cep78>, ownable: SubModule<Ownable>, tickets: Mapping<TicketId, TicketInfo>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { pub fn init(&mut self, collection_name: String, collection_symbol: String, total_supply: u64) { self.ownable.init(); let receipt_name = format!("cep78_{}", collection_name); self.token.init( collection_name, collection_symbol, total_supply, OwnershipMode::Transferable, NFTKind::Digital, NFTIdentifierMode::Ordinal, NFTMetadataKind::Raw, MetadataMutability::Immutable, receipt_name, // remaining args are optional and can set to Maybe::None ... ); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { let env = self.env(); let caller = env.caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // mint a new token let (_, _, token_id) = self.token.mint(caller, "".to_string(), Maybe::None); let ticket_id: u64 = token_id .parse() .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidTicketId) .unwrap_or_revert(&env); // store ticket info self.tickets.set( &ticket_id, TicketInfo { event_name: event_name.clone(), price, status: TicketStatus::Available, }, ); // emit an event env.emit_event(OnTicketIssue { ticket_id, event_name, price, }); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); // only tokens owned by the owner can be sold if self.token.owner_of(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None) != owner { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } let mut ticket = self .tickets .get(&ticket_id) .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::TicketDoesNotExist); // only available tickets can be sold if ticket.status != TicketStatus::Available { env.revert(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale); } // check if the buyer sends enough funds if value < ticket.price { env.revert(Error::InsufficientFunds); } // transfer csprs to the owner env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); // transfer the ticket to the buyer self.token .transfer(Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None, owner, buyer); ticket.status = TicketStatus::Sold; self.tickets.set(&ticket_id, ticket); env.emit_event(OnTicketSell { ticket_id, buyer }); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L10-L44 - We define structures and enums that will be used in our contract. TicketStatus enum represents the status of a ticket, TicketInfo struct contains information about a ticket that is written to the storage, TicketId is a type alias for u64. OnTicketIssue and OnTicketSell are events that will be emitted when a ticket is issued or sold.L46-L49 - Register errors and events that will be used in our contract, required to produce a complete contract schema.L51-L53 - TicketOffice module definition. The module contains a Cep78 token, an Ownable module, and a Mapping that stores information about tickets.L58-L74 - The init function has been generated from the template and there is no need to modify it, except the Ownable module initialization.L76-L94 - The issue_ticket function allows the owner to issue a new ticket. The function mints a new token, stores information about the ticket, and emits an OnTicketIssue event.L103 - The payable attribute indicates that the buy_ticket function can receive funds.L104-L134 - The buy_ticket function checks if the ticket is available for sale, if the buyer sends enough funds, and transfers the ticket to the buyer. Finally, the function updates the ticket status and emits an OnTicketSell event. Lets test the contract. The test scenario will be as follows: Deploy the contract.Issue two tickets.Try to buy a ticket with insufficient funds.Buy tickets.Try to buy the same ticket again.Check the balance of the contract. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef}, }; use crate::token::{Error, TicketOfficeHostRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let mut contract = TicketOfficeHostRef::deploy(&env, init_args); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); contract.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(50)) .try_buy_ticket(1), Ok(()) ); assert_eq!( contract .with_tokens(U512::from(100)) .try_buy_ticket(0), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); } Unfortunately, the test failed. The first assertion succeeds because the buyer sends insufficient funds to buy the ticket. However, the second assertion fails even though the buyer sends enough funds to purchase the ticket. The buy_ticket function reverts with Cep78Error::InvalidTokenOwner because the buyer attempts to transfer a token that they do not own, are not approved for, or are not an operator of. odra/modules/src/cep78/token78.rs pub fn transfer( &mut self, token_id: Maybe<u64>, token_hash: Maybe<String>, source_key: Address, target_key: Address ) -> TransferReceipt { ... if !is_owner && !is_approved && !is_operator { self.revert(CEP78Error::InvalidTokenOwner); } ... } Let's fix it by redesigning our little system. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Redesign​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#redesign","content":"Since a buyer cannot purchase a ticket directly, we need to introduce an intermediary — an operator who will be responsible for buying tickets on behalf of the buyer. The operator will be approved by the ticket office to transfer tickets. The sequence diagram below illustrates the new flow: Ticket Operator Contract​ As shown in the sequence diagram, a new contract will act as an operator for the ticket office. To create this new contract, use the cargo odra generate command. cargo odra generate -c ticket_operator src/ticket_operator.rs use crate::token::{TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef}; use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { UnknownTicketOffice = 300, } #[odra::module(errors = Error)] pub struct TicketOperator { ticket_office_address: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOperator { pub fn register(&mut self, ticket_office_address: Address) { self.ticket_office_address.set(ticket_office_address); } // now the operator's `buy_ticket` receives funds. #[odra(payable)] pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId) { let env = self.env(); let buyer = env.caller(); let value = env.attached_value(); let center = self .ticket_office_address .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&env, Error::UnknownTicketOffice); let mut ticket_contract = TicketOfficeContractRef::new(env, center); // now and approved entity - the operator - buys the ticket on behalf of the buyer ticket_contract.buy_ticket(ticket_id, buyer, value); } pub fn balance_of(&self) -> U512 { self.env().self_balance() } } L4-L7 - Define errors that will be used in the contract.L9-L13 - Define the TicketOperator module that stores the address of the ticketing office.L16-L18 - The register function sets the address of the ticketing office.L20-L32 - The buy_ticket function buys a ticket on behalf of the buyer using the ticket office address. The function forwards the call to the ticketing office contract. We simply create a TicketOfficeContractRef to interact we the TicketOffice contract. Note that, the operator's buy_ticket now receives funds. Now we need to adjust the TicketOffice contract to use the TicketOperator contract to buy tickets. src/token.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { ... MissingOperator = 204, Unauthorized = 205, } #[odra::module] pub struct TicketOffice { ... operator: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl TicketOffice { ... pub fn register_operator(&mut self, operator: Address) { // only the owner can register an operator let caller = self.env().caller(); self.ownable.assert_owner(&caller); // store the ticketing center address in the operator contract TicketOperatorContractRef::new(self.env(), operator).register(self.env().self_address()); self.operator.set(operator); } pub fn issue_ticket(&mut self, event_name: String, price: U512) { // minting logic remains the same... ... // approve the operator to transfer the ticket let operator = self.operator(); self.token .approve(operator, Maybe::Some(ticket_id), Maybe::None); // emit an event ... } pub fn buy_ticket(&mut self, ticket_id: TicketId, buyer: Address, value: U512) { let env = self.env(); let owner = self.ownable.get_owner(); let caller = env.caller(); // make sure the caller is the operator if !self.is_operator(caller) { env.revert(Error::Unauthorized); } ... // the logic remains the same, except for the csprs transfer // it is now handled by the operator contract. // env.transfer_tokens(&owner, &value); } #[inline] fn is_operator(&self, caller: Address) -> bool { Some(caller) == self.operator.get() } #[inline] fn operator(&self) -> Address { self.operator .get() .unwrap_or_revert_with(&self.env(), Error::MissingOperator) } } L15 - the contract stores the operator address.L22-L29 - a new function register_operator allows the owner to register an operator. Also calls the register entry point on the operator contract.L36-38 - modify the issue_ticket function: once a new token is minted, approves the operator to transfer the ticket later.L44-L57 - modify the buy_ticket function: check if the caller is the operator, do not transfer cspr to the contract - now the operator collect funds.We also added two helper functions: is_operator and operator to check if the caller is the operator and get the operator address. Two new errors were added: MissingOperator and Unauthorized. Now we need to update our tests to create a scenario we presented in the sequence diagram. src/tests.rs use odra::{ casper_types::U512, host::{Deployer, HostRef, NoArgs}, OdraResult, }; use crate::{ ticket_operator::TicketOperatorHostRef, token::{Error, TicketId, TicketOfficeContractRef, TicketOfficeInitArgs}, }; #[test] fn it_works() { let env = odra_test::env(); let init_args = TicketOfficeInitArgs { collection_name: "Ticket".to_string(), collection_symbol: "T".to_string(), total_supply: 100, }; let operator = TicketOperatorHostRef::deploy(&env, NoArgs); let mut ticket_office = TicketOfficeContractRef::deploy(&env, init_args); ticket_office.register_operator(operator.address().clone()); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(100)); ticket_office.issue_ticket("Ev".to_string(), U512::from(50)); let buyer = env.get_account(1); env.set_caller(buyer); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 50), Err(Error::InsufficientFunds.into()) ); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Ok(())); assert_eq!(buy_ticket(&operator, 1, 50), Ok(())); assert_eq!( buy_ticket(&operator, 0, 100), Err(Error::TicketNotAvailableForSale.into()) ); assert_eq!(operator.balance_of(), U512::from(150)); } fn buy_ticket(operator: &TicketOperatorHostRef, id: TicketId, price: u64) -> OdraResult<()> { operator.with_tokens(U512::from(price)).try_buy_ticket(id) } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Ticketing System","url":"/docs/tutorials/nft#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we created a simple ticketing system using the CEP-78 standard. This guide demonstrates how to combine various Odra features, including modules, events, errors, payable functions, and cross-contract calls. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Code​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#code","content":"As always, we will start with defining functionalities of our module. Check the state - is it paused or not.State guards - a contract should stop execution if is in a state we don't expect.Switch the state. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Events and Error​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#events-and-error","content":"There just two errors that may occur: PausedRequired, UnpausedRequired. We define them in a standard Odra way. Events definition is highly uncomplicated: Paused and Unpaused events holds only the address of the pauser. pauseable.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::Address; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { PausedRequired = 1_000, UnpausedRequired = 1_001, } #[odra::event] pub struct Paused { pub account: Address } #[odra::event] pub struct Unpaused { pub account: Address } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Module definition​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#module-definition","content":"The module storage is extremely simple - has a single Var of type bool, that indicates if a contract is paused. pauseable.rs use odra::Var; ... #[odra::module(events = [Paused, Unpaused])] pub struct Pausable { is_paused: Var<bool> } ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Checks and guards​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#checks-and-guards","content":"Now, let's move to state checks and guards. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn is_paused(&self) -> bool { self.is_paused.get_or_default() } pub fn require_not_paused(&self) { if self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::UnpausedRequired); } } pub fn require_paused(&self) { if !self.is_paused() { self.env().revert(Error::PausedRequired); } } } L1 - as mentioned in the intro, the module is not intended to be a standalone contract, so the only impl block is not annotated with odra::module and hence does not expose any entrypoint.L2 - is_paused() checks the contract state, if the Var is_paused has not been initialized, the default value (false) is returned.L6 - to guarantee the code is executed when the contract is not paused, require_not_paused() function reads the state and reverts if the contract is paused. L12 - require_paused() is a mirror function - stops the contract execution if the contract is not paused. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Actions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#actions","content":"Finally, we will add the ability to switch the module state. pauseable.rs impl Pausable { pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.require_not_paused(); self.is_paused.set(true); self.env().emit_event(Paused { account: self.env().caller() }); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.require_paused(); self.is_paused.set(false); self.env().emit_event(Unpaused { account: self.env().caller() }); } } pause() and unpause() functions do three things: ensure the contract is the right state (unpaused for pause(), not paused for unpause()), updates the state, and finally emits events (Paused/Unpaused). ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Pausable counter​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Pausable","url":"/docs/tutorials/pauseable#pausable-counter","content":"In the end, let's use the module in a contract. For this purpose, we will implement a mock contract called PausableCounter. The contract consists of a Var value and a Pausable module. The counter can only be incremented if the contract is in a normal state (is not paused). pauseable.rs ... use odra::SubModule; ... #[odra::module] pub struct PausableCounter { value: Var<u32>, pauseable: SubModule<Pausable> } #[odra::module] impl PausableCounter { pub fn increment(&mut self) { self.pauseable.require_not_paused(); let new_value = self.value.get_or_default() + 1; self.value.set(new_value); } pub fn pause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.pause(); } pub fn unpause(&mut self) { self.pauseable.unpause(); } pub fn get_value(&self) -> u32 { self.value.get_or_default() } } #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; use odra::host::{Deployer, NoArgs}; #[test] fn increment_only_if_unpaused() { let test_env = odra_test::env(); let mut contract = PausableCounterHostRef::deploy(&test_env, NoArgs); contract.increment(); contract.pause(); assert_eq!( contract.try_increment().unwrap_err(), Error::UnpausedRequired.into() ); assert_eq!(contract.get_value(), 1); } } As we see in the test, in a simple way, using a single function call we can turn off the counter for a while and freeze the counter. Any time we want we can turn it back on. Easy! ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Using Proxy Caller","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Contract​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#contract","content":"For this tutorial, we will use the TimeLockWallet contract from our examples. examples/src/contracts/tlw.rs use odra::prelude::*; use odra::{casper_types::U512, Address, Mapping, Var}; #[odra::module(errors = Error, events = [Deposit, Withdrawal])] pub struct TimeLockWallet { balances: Mapping<Address, U512>, lock_expiration_map: Mapping<Address, u64>, lock_duration: Var<u64> } #[odra::module] impl TimeLockWallet { /// Initializes the contract with the lock duration. pub fn init(&mut self, lock_duration: u64) { self.lock_duration.set(lock_duration); } /// Deposits the tokens into the contract. #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&mut self) { // Extract values let caller: Address = self.env().caller(); let amount: U512 = self.env().attached_value(); let current_block_time: u64 = self.env().get_block_time(); // Multiple lock check if self.balances.get(&caller).is_some() { self.env().revert(Error::CannotLockTwice) } // Update state, emit event self.balances.set(&caller, amount); self.lock_expiration_map .set(&caller, current_block_time + self.lock_duration()); self.env().emit_event(Deposit { address: caller, amount }); } /// Withdraws the tokens from the contract. pub fn withdraw(&mut self, amount: &U512) { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the balance of the given account. pub fn get_balance(&self, address: &Address) -> U512 { // code omitted for brevity } /// Returns the lock duration. pub fn lock_duration(&self) -> u64 { // code omitted for brevity } } /// Errors that may occur during the contract execution. #[odra::odra_error] pub enum Error { LockIsNotOver = 1, CannotLockTwice = 2, InsufficientBalance = 3 } /// Deposit event. #[odra::event] pub struct Deposit { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } /// Withdrawal event. #[odra::event] pub struct Withdrawal { pub address: Address, pub amount: U512 } Full code can be found here. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Client​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#client","content":"Before we can interact with the node, we need to set it up. We will use the casper-nctl-docker image. docker run --rm -it --name mynctl -d -p 11101:11101 -p 14101:14101 -p 18101:18101 makesoftware/casper-nctl Make sure you have the contract's wasm file and the secret key. # Build the contract cargo odra build -c TimeLockWallet # Extract secret key docker exec mynctl /bin/bash -c "cat /home/casper/casper-node/utils/nctl/assets/net-1/users/user-1/secret_key.pem" > your/path/secret_key.pem RustTypeScript To interact with the contract, we use the livenet backend. It allows to write the code in the same manner as the test code, but it interacts with the live network (a local node in our case). Cargo.toml [package] name = "odra-examples" version = "1.0.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] odra = { path = "../odra", default-features = false } ... # other dependencies odra-casper-livenet-env = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true } ... # other sections [features] default = [] livenet = ["odra-casper-livenet-env"] ... # other sections [[bin]] name = "tlw_on_livenet" path = "bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs" required-features = ["livenet"] test = false ... # other sections examples/bin/tlw_on_livenet.rs //! Deploys an [odra_examples::contracts::tlw::TimeLockWallet] contract, then deposits and withdraw some CSPRs. use odra::casper_types::{AsymmetricType, PublicKey, U512}; use odra::host::{Deployer, HostRef}; use odra::Address; use odra_examples::contracts::tlw::{TimeLockWalletHostRef, TimeLockWalletInitArgs}; const DEPOSIT: u64 = 100; const WITHDRAWAL: u64 = 99; const GAS: u64 = 20u64.pow(9); fn main() { let env = odra_casper_livenet_env::env(); let caller = env.get_account(0); env.set_caller(caller); env.set_gas(GAS); let mut contract = TimeLockWalletHostRef::deploy( &env, TimeLockWalletInitArgs { lock_duration: 60 * 60 } ); // Send 100 CSPRs to the contract. contract .with_tokens(U512::from(DEPOSIT)) .deposit(); println!("Caller's balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); // Withdraw 99 CSPRs from the contract. contract.withdraw(&U512::from(WITHDRAWAL)); println!("Remaining balance: {:?}", contract.get_balance(&caller)); } To run the code, execute the following command: ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_SECRET_KEY_PATH=.node-keys/secret_key.pem \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_NODE_ADDRESS=http://localhost:11101 \\ ODRA_CASPER_LIVENET_CHAIN_NAME=casper-net-1 \\ cargo run --bin tlw_on_livenet --features=livenet # Sample output 💁 INFO : Deploying "TimeLockWallet". 💁 INFO : Found wasm under "wasm/TimeLockWallet.wasm". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558". 💁 INFO : Deploy "74f0df4bc65cdf9e05bca70a8b786bd0f528858f26e11f5a9866dfe286551558" successfully executed. 💁 INFO : Contract "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" deployed. 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "deposit" through proxy. 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3". 💁 INFO : Deploy "bd571ab64c13d2b2fdb8e0e6dd8473b696349dfb5a891b55dbe9f33d017057d3" successfully executed. Caller's balance: 100 💁 INFO : Calling "hash-cce6a97e0db6feea0c4d99f670196c9462e0789fb3cdedd3dfbc6dfcbf66252e" with entrypoint "withdraw". 🙄 WAIT : Waiting 15s for "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e". 💁 INFO : Deploy "57f9aadbd77cbfbbe9b2ba54759d025f94203f9230121289fa37585f8b17020e" successfully executed. Remaining balance: 1 As observed, the contract was successfully deployed, and the Caller deposited tokens. Subsequently, the caller withdrew 99 CSPRs from the contract, leaving the contract's balance at 1 CSPR. The logs display deploy hashes, the contract's hash, and even indicate if the call was made through the proxy, providing a comprehensive overview of the on-chain activity. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Using Proxy Caller","url":"/docs/tutorials/using-proxy-caller#conclusion","content":"In this tutorial, we learned how to use the proxy_caller wasm to make a payable function call. We deployed the TimeLockWallet contract, deposited tokens using the proxy_caller with attached CSPRs, and withdrew them. You got to try it out in both Rust and TypeScript, so you can choose whichever you prefer. Rust code seemed simpler, thanks to the Odra livenet backend making chain interactions easier to handle. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Odra for Solidity developers","type":0,"sectionRef":"#","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity","content":"","keywords":"","version":"1.0.0"},{"title":"Introduction​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#introduction","content":"Hi, stranger Solidity developer! If you are looking to expand your horizons into Rust-based smart contract development, you've come to the right place. Odra is a high-level framework designed to simplify the development of smart contracts for the Casper Network. This tutorial will guide you through the basics of transitioning from Solidity to Odra, highlighting key differences and providing practical examples. Before we delve into the details, we have great news for you. From the very beginning, we have been thinking of you. Our main goal was to design the framework in a way that flattens the learning curve, especially for Solidity developers. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Prerequisites​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#prerequisites","content":"To follow this guide, you should have: Knowledge of Solidity.Familiarity with Ethereum and smart contract concepts.Basic understanding of Rust, as Odra is based on it. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hello World​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#hello-world","content":"Let's start with a simple "Hello World" contract in Odra. The following code snippet demonstrates a basic smart contract that stores a greeting message. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct HelloWorld { greet: Var<String>, } #[odra::module] impl HelloWorld { pub fn init(&mut self, message: String) { self.greet.set(message); } pub fn get(&self) -> String { self.greet.get_or_default() } } As you may have noticed, the Odra code is slightly more verbose than the Solidity code. To define a contract in Odra, you need to create a struct and implement a module for it, both annotated with the odra::module attribute. The struct contains the contract's state variables, while the module defines the contract's functions. In this example, the HelloWorld struct has a single state variable greet, which stores the greeting message. The module contains two functions: init to set the greeting message and get to retrieve it. Two key differences are: Odra does not generate getters for public state variables automatically, so you need to define them explicitly.To initialize values, you must do it in the init function, which is the contract constructor. You can't assign defaults outside the constructor. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Variable Storage and State Management​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#variable-storage-and-state-management","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Data Types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-types","content":"OdraSolidity use core::str::FromStr; use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::Bytes, U256}, module::Module, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct Primitives { boo: Var<bool>, u: Var<u8>, // u8 is the smallest unsigned integer type u2: Var<U256>, // U256 is the biggest unsigned integer type i: Var<i32>, // i32 is the smallest signed integer type i2: Var<i64>, // i64 is the biggest signed integer type address: Var<Address>, bytes: Var<Bytes>, default_boo: Var<bool>, default_uint: Var<U256>, default_int: Var<i64>, default_addr: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Primitives { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.boo.set(true); self.u.set(1); self.u2.set(U256::from(456)); self.i.set(-1); self.i2.set(456); self.address.set( Address::from_str( "hash-d4b8fa492d55ac7a515c0c6043d72ba43c49cd120e7ba7eec8c0a330dedab3fb", ) .unwrap_or_revert(&self.env()), ); self.bytes.set(Bytes::from(vec![0xb5])); let _min_int = U256::zero(); let _max_int = U256::MAX; } // For the types that have default values, we can use the get_or_default method pub fn get_default_boo(&self) -> bool { self.default_boo.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_uint(&self) -> U256 { self.default_uint.get_or_default() } pub fn get_default_int(&self) -> i64 { self.default_int.get_or_default() } // Does not compile - Address does not have the default value pub fn get_default_addr(&self) -> Address { self.default_addr.get_or_default() } } The range of integer types in Odra is slightly different from Solidity. Odra provides a wide range of integer types: u8, u16, u32, u64, U128, and U256 for unsigned integers, and i32 and i64 for signed integers. The Address type in Odra is used to represent account and contract addresses. In Odra, there is no default/zero value for the Address type; the workaround is to use Option<Address>. The Bytes type is used to store byte arrays. Values are stored in units called Named Keys and Dictionaries. Additionally, local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Constants and Immutability​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#constants-and-immutability","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::{account::AccountHash, U256}, Address}; #[odra::module] pub struct Constants; #[odra::module] impl Constants { pub const MY_UINT: U256 = U256([123, 0, 0, 0]); pub const MY_ADDRESS: Address = Address::Account( AccountHash([0u8; 32]) ); } In Odra, you can define constants using the const keyword. Constants are immutable and can be of any type, including custom types. In addition to constants, Solidity also supports the immutable keyword, which is used to set the value of a variable once, in the constructor. Further attempts to alter this value result in a compile error. Odra/Rust does not have an equivalent to Solidity's immutable keyword. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Variables​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#variables","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Variables { text: Var<String>, my_uint: Var<U256>, } #[odra::module] impl Variables { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.text.set("Hello".to_string()); self.my_uint.set(U256::from(123)); } pub fn do_something(&self) { // Local variables let i = 456; // Env variables let timestamp = self.env().get_block_time(); let sender = self.env().caller(); } } In Solidity there are three types of variables: state variables, local variables, and global variables. State variables are stored on the blockchain and are accessible by all functions within the contract. Local variables are not stored on the blockchain and are only available within the function in which they are declared. Global variables provide information about the blockchain. Odra uses very similar concepts, but with some differences. In Odra, state variables are a part of a module definition, and local variables are available within the entry points and can be used to perform necessary actions or computations within the scope of each entry point. Global variables are accessed using an instance of ContractEnv retrieved using the env() function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Arrays and Mappings​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#arrays-and-mappings","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, Address, Mapping}; #[odra::module] pub struct MappingContract { my_map: Mapping<Address, Option<U256>> } #[odra::module] impl MappingContract { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address) -> U256 { // self.my_map.get(&addr) would return Option<Option<U256>> // so we use get_or_default instead and unwrap the inner Option self.my_map.get_or_default(&addr).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&addr, Some(i)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address) { self.my_map.set(&addr, None); } } #[odra::module] pub struct NestedMapping { my_map: Mapping<(Address, U256), Option<bool>> } #[odra::module] impl NestedMapping { pub fn get(&self, addr: Address, i: U256) -> bool { self.my_map.get_or_default(&(addr, i)).unwrap_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256, boo: bool) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), Some(boo)); } pub fn remove(&mut self, addr: Address, i: U256) { self.my_map.set(&(addr, i), None); } } OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Array { // the size of the array must be known at compile time arr: Var<[u8; 10]>, vec: Var<Vec<u32>>, } #[odra::module] impl Array { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.arr.set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]); self.vec.set(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); } pub fn get_arr(&self) -> [u8; 10] { self.arr.get_or_default() } pub fn push_vec(&mut self, value: u32) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.push(value); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn pop_vec(&mut self) { let mut vec = self.vec.get_or_default(); vec.pop(); self.vec.set(vec); } pub fn update_arr(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); arr[index as usize] = value; self.arr.set(arr); } } For storing a collection of data as a single unit, Odra uses the Vec type for dynamic arrays and fixed-size arrays, both wrapped with the Var container. As in Solidity, you must be aware that reading the entire array in one go can be expensive, so it's better to avoid it for large arrays. In many cases, you can use a Mapping or List instead of an array or vector to store data. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Custom types​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#custom-types","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Var}; #[odra::odra_type] #[derive(Default)] pub enum Status { #[default] Pending, Shipped, Accepted, Rejected, Canceled, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { status: Var<Status>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn get(&self) -> Status { self.status.get_or_default() } pub fn set(&mut self, status: Status) { self.status.set(status); } pub fn cancel(&mut self) { self.status.set(Status::Canceled); } pub fn reset(&mut self) { self.status.set(Default::default()); } } In Odra, custom types are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The enum can have a default value specified using the #[default] attribute if derived from the Default trait. The enum can be used as a state variable in a contract, and its value can be set and retrieved using the set and get functions. The value cannot be deleted; however, it can be set using the Default::default() function. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, List}; #[odra::odra_type] pub struct Todo { text: String, completed: bool, } #[odra::module] pub struct Enum { // You could also use Var<Vec<Todo>> instead of List<Todo>, // but List is more efficient for large arrays, // it loads items lazily. todos: List<Todo>, } #[odra::module] impl Enum { pub fn create(&mut self, text: String) { self.todos.push(Todo { text, completed: false, }); } pub fn update_text(&mut self, index: u32, text: String) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.text = text; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } pub fn toggle_complete(&mut self, index: u32) { if let Some(mut todo) = self.todos.get(index) { todo.completed = !todo.completed; self.todos.replace(index, todo); } } // Odra does not create getters by default pub fn get(&self, index: u32) -> Option<Todo> { self.todos.get(index) } } Similarly to enums, custom structs are defined using the #[odra::odra_type] attribute. The struct can be used to define a list of items in a contract. The list can be created using the List type, which is more efficient for large arrays as it loads items lazily. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Data Location​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#data-location","content":"In Solidity, data location is an important concept that determines where the data is stored and how it can be accessed. The data location can be memory, storage, or calldata. In Odra, data location is not explicitly defined, but whenever interacting with storage primitives (e.g., Var, Mapping, List), the data is stored in the contract's storage. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#functions","content":"Odra contracts define their entry point and internal functions within the impl block. Here's an example of a transfer function: impl Erc20 { pub fn transfer(&mut self, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { self.internal_transfer(&self.env().caller(), recipient, amount); // Transfer logic goes here } fn internal_transfer(&mut self, sender: &Address, recipient: &Address, amount: &U256) { // Internal transfer logic goes here } } Functions can modify contract state and emit events using the ContractEnv function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"View and Pure​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#view-and-pure","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct ViewAndPure { x: Var<u32> } #[odra::module] impl ViewAndPure { pub fn add_to_x(&self, y: u32) -> u32 { self.x.get_or_default() + y } } pub fn add(i: u32, j: u32) -> u32 { i + j } In Odra, you don't need to specify view or pure functions explicitly. All functions are considered view functions by default, meaning they can read contract state but not modify it. To modify the state, the first parameter (called the receiver parameter) should be &mut self. If you want to create a pure function that doesn't read or modify state, you can define it as a regular Rust function without any side effects. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Modifiers​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#modifiers","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::Var; #[odra::module] pub struct FunctionModifier { x: Var<u32>, locked: Var<bool>, } #[odra::module] impl FunctionModifier { pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: u32) -> u32 { self.lock(); self.x.set(self.x.get_or_default() - i); if i > 1 { self.decrement(i - 1); } self.unlock(); } #[inline] fn lock(&mut self) { if self.locked.get_or_default() { self.env().revert("No reentrancy"); } self.locked.set(true); } #[inline] fn unlock(&mut self) { self.locked.set(false); } } In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to Solidity's function modifiers. Instead, you can define functions that perform certain actions before or after the main function logic. In the example above, the lock and unlock functions are called before and after the decrement function, respectively, but they must be called explicitly. As often as practicable, developers should inline functions by including the body of the function within their code using the #[inline] attribute. In the context of coding for Casper blockchain purposes, this reduces the overhead of executed Wasm and prevents unexpected errors due to exceeding resource tolerances. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Visibility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#visibility","content":"Functions and state variables have to declare whether they are accessible by other contracts. Functions can be declared as: OdraSolidity `pub` inside `#[odra::module]` impl block - any contract/submodule and account can call. `pub` inside a regular impl block - any submodule can call. `default/no modifier/private` - only inside the contract that defines the function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Payable​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#payable","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U512, prelude::*, Address, ExecutionError, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Payable { owner: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Payable { pub fn init(&mut self) { self.owner.set(self.env().caller()); } #[odra(payable)] pub fn deposit(&self) { } pub fn not_payable(&self) { } pub fn withdraw(&self) { let amount = self.env().self_balance(); self.env().transfer_tokens(&self.owner.get_or_revert_with(ExecutionError::UnwrapError), &amount); } pub fn transfer(&self, to: Address, amount: U512) { self.env().transfer_tokens(&to, &amount); } } In Odra, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. In Solidity, the payable keyword is used to define functions that can receive Ether. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Selectors​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#selectors","content":"In Solidity, when a function is called, the first 4 bytes of calldata specify which function to call. This is called a function selector. contract_addr.call( abi.encodeWithSignature("transfer(address,uint256)", address, 1234) ) Odra does not support such a mechanism. You must have access to the contract interface to call a function. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Events and Logging​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#events-and-logging","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, Address}; #[odra::event] pub struct Log { sender: Address, message: String, } #[odra::event] pub struct AnotherLog {} #[odra::module] struct Event; #[odra::module] impl Event { pub fn test(&self) { let env = self.env(); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello World!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(Log { sender: env.caller(), message: "Hello Casper!".to_string(), }); env.emit_event(AnotherLog {}); } } In Odra, events are regular structs defined using the #[odra::event] attribute. The event struct can contain multiple fields, which can be of any type (primitive or custom Odra type). To emit an event, use the env's emit_event() function, passing the event struct as an argument. note Events in Solidity are used to emit logs that off-chain services can capture. However, Casper does not support events natively. Odra mimics this feature. Read more about it in the Basics section. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Error Handling​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#error-handling","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, casper_types::{U256, U512}}; #[odra::odra_error] pub enum CustomError { InsufficientBalance = 1, InputLowerThanTen = 2, } #[odra::module] pub struct Error; #[odra::module] impl Error { pub fn test_require(&mut self, i: U256) { if i <= 10.into() { self.env().revert(CustomError::InputLowerThanTen); } } pub fn execute_external_call(&self, withdraw_amount: U512) { let balance = self.env().self_balance(); if balance < withdraw_amount { self.env().revert(CustomError::InsufficientBalance); } } } In Solidity, there are four ways to handle errors: require, revert, assert, and custom errors. In Odra, there is only one way to revert the execution of a function - by using the env().revert() function. The function takes an error type as an argument and stops the execution of the function. You define an error type using the #[odra::odra_error] attribute. On Casper, an error is only a number, so you can't pass a message with the error. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Composition vs. Inheritance​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#composition-vs-inheritance","content":"In Solidity, developers often use inheritance to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. However, Odra and Rust follow a different paradigm known as composition. Instead of inheriting behavior from parent contracts, Odra encourages the composition of contracts by embedding one contract within another. Let's take a look at the difference between inheritance in Solidity and composition in Odra. OdraSolidity use odra::{prelude::*, SubModule}; #[odra::module] pub struct A; #[odra::module] impl A { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "A".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct B { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl B { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "B".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct C { a: SubModule<A> } #[odra::module] impl C { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { "C".to_string() } } #[odra::module] pub struct D { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl D { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.c.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct E { b: SubModule<B>, c: SubModule<C> } #[odra::module] impl E { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.b.foo() } } #[odra::module] pub struct F { a: SubModule<A>, b: SubModule<B>, } #[odra::module] impl F { pub fn foo(&self) -> String { self.a.foo() } } Solidity supports both single and multiple inheritance. This means a contract can inherit from one or more contracts. Solidity uses a technique called "C3 linearization" to resolve the order in which base contracts are inherited in the case of multiple inheritance. This helps to ensure a consistent method resolution order. However, multiple inheritance can lead to complex code and potential issues, especially for inexperienced developers. In contrast, Rust does not have a direct equivalent to the inheritance model, but it achieves similar goals through composition. Each contract is defined as a struct, and contracts can be composed by embedding one struct within another. This approach provides a more flexible and modular way to reuse code and establish relationships between contracts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Libraries and Utility​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#libraries-and-utility","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{casper_types::U256, prelude::*, UnwrapOrRevert, Var}; mod math { use odra::casper_types::U256; pub fn sqrt(y: U256) -> U256 { let mut z = y; if y > 3.into() { let mut x = y / 2 + 1; while x < z { z = x; x = (y / x + x) / 2; } } else if y != U256::zero() { z = U256::one(); } z } } #[odra::module] struct TestMath; #[odra::module] impl TestMath { pub fn test_square_root(&self, x: U256) -> U256 { math::sqrt(x) } } #[odra::odra_error] enum Error { EmptyArray = 100, } trait Removable { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize); } impl Removable for Var<Vec<U256>> { fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) { let env = self.env(); let mut vec = self.get_or_default(); if vec.is_empty() { env.revert(Error::EmptyArray); } vec[index] = vec.pop().unwrap_or_revert(&env); self.set(vec); } } #[odra::module] struct TestArray { arr: Var<Vec<U256>>, } #[odra::module] impl TestArray { pub fn test_array_remove(&mut self) { let mut arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); for i in 0..3 { arr.push(i.into()); } self.arr.set(arr); self.arr.remove(1); let arr = self.arr.get_or_default(); assert_eq!(arr.len(), 2); assert_eq!(arr[0], 0.into()); assert_eq!(arr[1], 2.into()); } } In Solidity, libraries are similar to contracts but can't declare any state variables and can't receive Ether. In the sample code above, the Math library contains a square root function, while the Array library provides a function to remove an element from an array. Both libraries are consumed in different ways: the TestMath contract calls the sqrt function directly, while the TestArray contract uses the using keyword, which extends the type uint256[] by adding the remove function. In Odra, you use language-level features: modules and traits. The mod keyword defines a module, which is similar to a library in Solidity. Modules can contain functions, types, and other items that can be reused across multiple contracts. Traits are similar to interfaces in other programming languages, defining a set of functions that a type must implement. Implementing the Removable trait for the Var<Vec<U256>> type allows the remove function to be called on a variable that stores a vector of U256 values. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Fallback and Receive Functions​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#fallback-and-receive-functions","content":"In Solidity, a contract receiving Ether must implement a receive() and/or fallback() function. The receive() function is called when Ether is sent to the contract with no data, while the fallback() function is called when the contract receives Ether with data or when a function that does not exist is called. Odra does not have a direct equivalent to the receive() and fallback() functions. Instead, you can define a function with the #[odra(payable)] attribute to indicate that the function can receive CSPRs. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Miscellaneous​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#miscellaneous","content":"","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h2"},{"title":"Hashing​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#hashing","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{ casper_types::{bytesrepr::ToBytes, U256}, prelude::*, Address, UnwrapOrRevert, Var, }; #[odra::module] pub struct HashFunction; #[odra::module] impl HashFunction { pub fn hash(&self, text: String, num: U256, addr: Address) -> [u8; 32] { let env = self.env(); let mut data = Vec::new(); data.extend(text.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(num.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); data.extend(addr.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); env.hash(data) } } #[odra::module] pub struct GuessTheMagicWord { answer: Var<[u8; 32]>, } #[odra::module] impl GuessTheMagicWord { /// Initializes the contract with the magic word hash. pub fn init(&mut self) { self.answer.set([ 0x86, 0x67, 0x15, 0xbb, 0x0b, 0x96, 0xf1, 0x06, 0xe0, 0x68, 0x07, 0x89, 0x22, 0x84, 0x42, 0x81, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0x61, 0x45, 0x50, 0xa5, 0x70, 0x4a, 0xb0, 0xa7, 0x55, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0x56, 0x08, ]); } /// Checks if the `word` is the magic word. pub fn guess(&self, word: String) -> bool { let env = self.env(); let hash = env.hash(word.to_bytes().unwrap_or_revert(&env)); hash == self.answer.get_or_default() } } The key difference between the two is that in Solidity, the keccak256 function is used to hash data, while in Odra, the env.hash() function is used, which implements the blake2b algorithm. Both functions take a byte array as input and return a 32-byte hash. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Try-catch​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#try-catch","content":"OdraSolidity use odra::{module::Module, Address, ContractRef, Var}; #[odra::module] pub struct Example { other_contract: Var<Address>, } #[odra::module] impl Example { pub fn init(&mut self, other_contract: Address) { self.other_contract.set(other_contract); } pub fn execute_external_call(&self) { if let Some(addr) = self.other_contract.get() { let result = OtherContractContractRef::new(self.env(), addr).some_function(); match result { Ok(success) => { // Code to execute if the external call was successful } Err(reason) => { // Code to execute if the external call failed } } } } } #[odra::module] pub struct OtherContract; #[odra::module] impl OtherContract { pub fn some_function(&self) -> Result<bool, ()> { Ok(true) } } In Solidity, try/catch is a feature that allows developers to handle exceptions and errors more gracefully. The try/catch statement allows developers to catch and handle exceptions that occur during external function calls and contract creation. In Odra, there is no direct equivalent to the try/catch statement in Solidity. However, you can use the Result type to handle errors in a similar way. The Result type is an enum that represents either success (Ok) or failure (Err). You can use the match statement to handle the Result type and execute different code based on the result. However, if an unexpected error occurs on the way, the whole transaction reverts. ","version":"1.0.0","tagName":"h3"},{"title":"Conclusion​","type":1,"pageTitle":"Odra for Solidity developers","url":"/docs/tutorials/odra-solidity#conclusion","content":"Congratulations! You've now learned the main differences in writing smart contracts with the Odra Framework. By understanding the structure, initialization, error handling, and the composition pattern in Odra, you can effectively transition from Solidity to Odra for Casper blockchain development. Experiment with the provided code samples, explore more advanced features, and unleash the full potential of the Odra Framework. Read more about the Odra Framework in the Basics and Advanced sections. Learn by example with our Tutorial series, you will find there a contract you likely familiar with - the Erc20 standard implementation. If you have any further questions or need clarification on specific topics, feel free to join our Discord! 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