From 1f64d8d5bdd43396ed7cf441cc2abd4323491291 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Feoramund <161657516+Feoramund@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Jun 2024 15:24:32 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Add `slice.permute`

---
 core/slice/permute.odin | 105 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 105 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 core/slice/permute.odin

diff --git a/core/slice/permute.odin b/core/slice/permute.odin
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42b6d4129c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/slice/permute.odin
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package slice
+
+import "base:runtime"
+
+// An in-place permutation iterator.
+Permutation_Iterator :: struct($T: typeid) {
+	index: int,
+	slice: []T,
+	counters: []int,
+}
+
+/*
+Make an iterator to permute a slice in-place.
+
+*Allocates Using Provided Allocator*
+
+This procedure allocates some state to assist in permutation and does not make
+a copy of the underlying slice. If you want to permute a slice without altering
+the underlying data, use `clone` to create a copy, then permute that instead.
+
+Inputs:
+- slice: The slice to permute.
+- allocator: (default is context.allocator)
+
+Returns:
+- iter: The iterator, to be passed to `permute`.
+- error: An `Allocator_Error`, if allocation failed.
+*/
+make_permutation_iterator :: proc(
+	slice: []$T,
+	allocator := context.allocator,
+) -> (
+	iter: Permutation_Iterator(T),
+	error: runtime.Allocator_Error,
+) #optional_allocator_error {
+	iter.slice = slice
+	iter.counters = make([]int, len(iter.slice), allocator) or_return
+
+	return
+}
+/*
+Free the state allocated by `make_permutation_iterator`.
+
+Inputs:
+- iter: The iterator created by `make_permutation_iterator`.
+- allocator: The allocator used to create the iterator. (default is context.allocator)
+*/
+destroy_permutation_iterator :: proc(
+	iter: Permutation_Iterator($T),
+	allocator := context.allocator,
+) {
+	delete(iter.counters, allocator = allocator)
+}
+/*
+Permute a slice in-place.
+
+Note that the first iteration will always be the original, unpermuted slice.
+
+Inputs:
+- iter: The iterator created by `make_permutation_iterator`.
+
+Returns:
+- ok: True if the permutation succeeded, false if the iteration is complete.
+*/
+permute :: proc(iter: ^Permutation_Iterator($T)) -> (ok: bool) {
+	// This is an iterative, resumable implementation of Heap's algorithm.
+	//
+	// The original algorithm was described by B. R. Heap as "Permutations by
+	// interchanges" in The Computer Journal, 1963.
+	//
+	// This implementation is based on the nonrecursive version described by
+	// Robert Sedgewick in "Permutation Generation Methods" which was published
+	// in ACM Computing Surveys in 1977.
+
+	i := iter.index
+
+	if i == 0 {
+		iter.index = 1
+		return true
+	}
+
+	n := len(iter.counters)
+	#no_bounds_check for i < n {
+		if iter.counters[i] < i {
+			if i & 1 == 0 {
+				iter.slice[0], iter.slice[i] = iter.slice[i], iter.slice[0]
+			} else {
+				iter.slice[iter.counters[i]], iter.slice[i] = iter.slice[i], iter.slice[iter.counters[i]]
+			}
+
+			iter.counters[i] += 1
+			i = 1
+
+			break
+		} else {
+			iter.counters[i] = 0
+			i += 1
+		}
+	}
+	if i == n {
+		return false
+	}
+	iter.index = i
+	return true
+}

From 047b5058369641109951503a291cb3eb01c40a82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Feoramund <161657516+Feoramund@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Jun 2024 16:09:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Add test for `slice.permute`

---
 tests/core/slice/test_core_slice.odin | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/core/slice/test_core_slice.odin b/tests/core/slice/test_core_slice.odin
index 4a464503fb0..23de1b48222 100644
--- a/tests/core/slice/test_core_slice.odin
+++ b/tests/core/slice/test_core_slice.odin
@@ -184,4 +184,34 @@ test_binary_search :: proc(t: ^testing.T) {
 	index, found = slice.binary_search(b, 0)
 	testing.expect(t, index == 0,     "Expected index to be 0.")
 	testing.expect(t, found == false, "Expected found to be false.")
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+@test
+test_permutation_iterator :: proc(t: ^testing.T) {
+	// Big enough to do some sanity checking but not overly large.
+	FAC_5 :: 120
+	s := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+	seen: map[int]bool
+	defer delete(seen)
+
+	iter := slice.make_permutation_iterator(s)
+	defer slice.destroy_permutation_iterator(iter)
+
+	permutations_counted: int
+	for slice.permute(&iter) {
+		n := 0
+		for item, index in s {
+			n *= 10
+			n += item
+		}
+		if n in seen {
+			testing.fail_now(t, "Permutation iterator made a duplicate permutation.")
+			return
+		}
+		seen[n] = true
+		permutations_counted += 1
+	}
+
+	testing.expect_value(t, len(seen), FAC_5)
+	testing.expect_value(t, permutations_counted, FAC_5)
+}