-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 2
/
structure.tex
858 lines (740 loc) · 42.2 KB
/
structure.tex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
\ifdefined\FORPRINTING
% No watermarking for printed version of book.
\pdfinclusioncopyfonts=1% make sure fonts are embedded even from included figures in the print version of the book
\else
%% WATERMARKING COMMANDS.
\usepackage{draftwatermark}
\SetWatermarkText{Free PDF. \ See conwaylife.com/book for pattern files and print version. \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad ${}$}
\SetWatermarkColor[gray]{0.75}
\SetWatermarkFontSize{0.5cm}
\SetWatermarkAngle{90}
\SetWatermarkHorCenter{20.1cm}
%% END WATERMARKING
\fi
\ifdefined\FORPRINTING
\usepackage[papersize={222.25mm,285.75mm},top=28mm,inner=33.9mm,bottom=22mm,outer=28mm,headsep=10pt,layout=letterpaper,layouthoffset=3.175mm,layoutvoffset=3.175mm]{geometry}
\else
\usepackage[top=28mm,left=30.95mm,bottom=22mm,right=30.95mm,headsep=10pt,letterpaper]{geometry}
\fi
% BEGIN adjust footnote font family
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd{\@footnotetext}{\footnotesize}{\footnotesize\sffamily}{}{}
\makeatother
% END adjust footnote font family
%\usepackage[top=3cm,bottom=3cm,left=3cm,right=3cm,headsep=10pt,a4paper]{geometry} % Page margins
\newcommand{\bookURL}[1]{http://www.conwaylife.com/book/#1}
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for including pictures
\graphicspath{{images/}} % Specifies the directory where pictures are stored
\usepackage{tikz} % Required for drawing custom shapes
\usepackage{stackengine}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,fpu}
\usepackage{setspace}% needed for setstretch in the appendix
\def\mfilbreak{\par\vfil\penalty-20\vfilneg}
\raggedbottom % Needed to avoid ugly vertical stretching on pages. The book template I'm using flushes the page bottoms by default.
% DEFINES A GLIDER SHAPE FOR USE IN TIKZ
\def\glider#1#2#3{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}, rotate=#2, scale=#3]
\fill[black](0,0) -- (1,0) -- (1,1) -- (0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](8/7+0,0) -- (8/7+1,0) -- (8/7+1,1) -- (8/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](16/7+0,0) -- (16/7+1,0) -- (16/7+1,1) -- (16/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](16/7+0,8/7+0) -- (16/7+1,8/7+0) -- (16/7+1,8/7+1) -- (16/7+0,8/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](8/7+0,16/7+0) -- (8/7+1,16/7+0) -- (8/7+1,16/7+1) -- (8/7+0,16/7+1) -- cycle;
\end{scope}}
\def\lwss#1#2#3{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}, rotate=#2, scale=#3]
\fill[black](0,0) -- (1,0) -- (1,1) -- (0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](8/7+0,0) -- (8/7+1,0) -- (8/7+1,1) -- (8/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](16/7+0,0) -- (16/7+1,0) -- (16/7+1,1) -- (16/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](24/7+0,0) -- (24/7+1,0) -- (24/7+1,1) -- (24/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](32/7+0,8/7+0) -- (32/7+1,8/7+0) -- (32/7+1,8/7+1) -- (32/7+0,8/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](0,8/7+0) -- (1,8/7+0) -- (1,8/7+1) -- (0,8/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](0,16/7+0) -- (1,16/7+0) -- (1,16/7+1) -- (0,16/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](8/7+0,24/7+0) -- (8/7+1,24/7+0) -- (8/7+1,24/7+1) -- (8/7+0,24/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](32/7+0,24/7+0) -- (32/7+1,24/7+0) -- (32/7+1,24/7+1) -- (32/7+0,24/7+1) -- cycle;
\end{scope}}
\def\mwss#1#2#3{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}, rotate=#2, scale=#3]
\fill[black](0,0) -- (1,0) -- (1,1) -- (0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](8/7+0,0) -- (8/7+1,0) -- (8/7+1,1) -- (8/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](16/7+0,0) -- (16/7+1,0) -- (16/7+1,1) -- (16/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](24/7+0,0) -- (24/7+1,0) -- (24/7+1,1) -- (24/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](32/7+0,0) -- (32/7+1,0) -- (32/7+1,1) -- (32/7+0,1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](40/7+0,8/7+0) -- (40/7+1,8/7+0) -- (40/7+1,8/7+1) -- (40/7+0,8/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](0,8/7+0) -- (1,8/7+0) -- (1,8/7+1) -- (0,8/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](0,16/7+0) -- (1,16/7+0) -- (1,16/7+1) -- (0,16/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](8/7+0,24/7+0) -- (8/7+1,24/7+0) -- (8/7+1,24/7+1) -- (8/7+0,24/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](24/7+0,32/7+0) -- (24/7+1,32/7+0) -- (24/7+1,32/7+1) -- (24/7+0,32/7+1) -- cycle;
\fill[black](40/7+0,24/7+0) -- (40/7+1,24/7+0) -- (40/7+1,24/7+1) -- (40/7+0,24/7+1) -- cycle;
\end{scope}}
\usepackage[english]{babel} % English language/hyphenation
\usepackage{gensymb} % gives the degree symbol
\usepackage{enumitem} % Customize lists
\setlist{nolistsep} % Reduce spacing between bullet points and numbered lists
\usepackage[outline]{contour}
\usepackage{booktabs} % Required for nicer horizontal rules in tables
\usepackage{clock} % Required for generation clock icon
\ClockFrametrue\ClockStyle=3 % Format the clock icons
%% The next commands allow for vertical centering of images next to each other in figures.
\newcommand*{\vcenteredhbox}[1]{\begingroup
\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\parbox{\wd0}{\box0}\endgroup}
\newcommand*{\vcenteredhboxfx}[1]{\begingroup\parbox{0.08\textwidth}{\centering#1}\endgroup}
\usepackage{epigraph}
\setlength{\epigraphwidth}{0.6\textwidth}
\usepackage[font={sf,footnotesize},labelfont=bf]{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption} % allows subfigures within figures
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=simple,subrefformat=simple,labelsep=space,font={sf,footnotesize}} % Configure subfigure captions in non-float environments
\renewcommand\thesubfigure{(\alph{subfigure})}
\usepackage{wrapfig} % for floating images on the right or left side of the page.
\usepackage{multirow} % Used for some subfigure environments when one image is huge
\usepackage{multicol} % Used for enumerate in exercises with multiple images to put them side by side
\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc} % Forces footnotes to the bottom of the page
%\usepackage{algorithm} % for pseudocode in later chapters of book
\usepackage{algorithmicx} % for pseudocode in later chapters of book
\usepackage{float}
\floatstyle{ruled}
\newfloat{pseudocode}{!htb}{lop}
\floatname{pseudocode}{Pseudocode}
\newfloat{apgsembly}{!htb}{lop}
\floatname{apgsembly}{APGsembly}
\usepackage{xcolor} % Required for specifying colors by name
\usepackage{colortbl}
\interfootnotelinepenalty=10000 % prevent long footnotes from being split across two pages
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% FONTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\definecolor{rawocre}{RGB}{0,96,128} % Define the blue color used for highlighting throughout the book
\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{0,96,128} % Define the blue color used for highlighting throughout the book
\definecolor{linkcol}{RGB}{0,48,64}
\definecolor{gridgray}{RGB}{192,192,192}
\definecolor{medgray}{RGB}{128,128,128}
\definecolor{redback}{RGB}{255,168,168}
\definecolor{redback2}{RGB}{128,0,0}
\definecolor{greenback}{RGB}{168,255,168}
\definecolor{greenpastel}{RGB}{210,255,210}
\definecolor{greenback2}{RGB}{0,192,0}
\definecolor{darkgreenback}{RGB}{0,96,0}
\definecolor{yellowback}{RGB}{255,255,168}
\definecolor{darkyellowback}{RGB}{96,96,0}
\definecolor{orangeback}{RGB}{255,192,128}
\definecolor{orangeback2}{RGB}{255,220,192}
\definecolor{yellowback2}{RGB}{255,255,192}
\definecolor{darkorangeback}{RGB}{128,54,0}
\definecolor{aquaback}{RGB}{192,255,255}
\definecolor{darkaquaback}{RGB}{0,96,96}
\definecolor{blueback}{RGB}{168,168,255}
\definecolor{magentaback}{RGB}{255,210,255}
\definecolor{darkmagentaback}{RGB}{96,0,96}
\newcommand{\cmark}{\checkmark} % checkmark
\newcommand{\xmark}{\ding{55}} % matching X
\newcommand{\thousep}{ \, } % separator (thin space) to use in numbers
\newcommand{\chapterfolder}{cover/}
\usepackage{avant} % Use the Avantgarde font for headings
%\usepackage{times} % Use the Times font for headings
\usepackage{mathptmx} % Use the Adobe Times Roman as the default text font together with math symbols from the Symbol, Chancery and Computer Modern fonts
\usepackage{microtype} % Slightly tweak font spacing for aesthetics
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Required for including letters with accents
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Use 8-bit encoding that has 256 glyphs
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{calc} % For simpler calculation - used for spacing the index letter headings correctly
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\makeindex[columns=2, title=Index, options= -s StyleInd.ist]
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% MAIN TABLE OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{titletoc} % Required for manipulating the table of contents
\contentsmargin{0cm} % Removes the default margin
% Part text styling
\titlecontents{part}[0cm]
{\addvspace{20pt}\centering\large\bfseries}
{}
{}
{}
% Chapter text styling
\titlecontents{chapter}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{12pt}\large\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for chapters
{\color{ocre!60}\contentslabel[\Large\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}\color{ocre}} % Chapter number
{\color{ocre}}
{\color{ocre!60}\normalsize\;\titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
% Section text styling
\titlecontents{section}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{3pt}\sffamily\mdseries} % Spacing and font options for sections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Section number
{}
{\hfill\color{black}\thecontentspage} % Page number
[]
% Subsection text styling
\titlecontents{subsection}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{1pt}\sffamily\small} % Spacing and font options for subsections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Subsection number
{}
{\ \titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
[]
% List of figures
\titlecontents{figure}[0em]
{\addvspace{-5pt}\sffamily}
{\thecontentslabel\hspace*{1em}}
{}
{\ \titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage}
[]
% List of tables
\titlecontents{table}[0em]
{\addvspace{-5pt}\sffamily}
{\thecontentslabel\hspace*{1em}}
{}
{\ \titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage}
[]
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% MINI TABLE OF CONTENTS IN PART HEADS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Chapter text styling
\titlecontents{lchapter}[0em] % Indenting
{\addvspace{15pt}\large\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for chapters
{\color{ocre}\contentslabel[\Large\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}\color{ocre}} % Chapter number
{}
{\color{ocre}\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries\;\titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
% Section text styling
\titlecontents{lsection}[0em] % Indenting
{\sffamily\small} % Spacing and font options for sections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Section number
{}
{}
% Subsection text styling
\titlecontents{lsubsection}[.5em] % Indentation
{\normalfont\footnotesize\sffamily} % Font settings
{}
{}
{}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PAGE HEADERS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Required for header and footer configuration
\pagestyle{fancy}
% \renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\sffamily\normalsize\bfseries\chaptername\ \thechapter.\ #1}{}} % Chapter text font settings
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\sffamily\normalsize\thesection\hspace{5pt}#1}{}} % Section text font settings
\fancyhf{} \fancyhead[LE,RO]{\sffamily\normalsize\thepage} % Font setting for the page number in the header
\fancyhead[LO]{\rightmark} % Print the nearest section name on the left side of odd pages
\fancyhead[RE]{\leftmark} % Print the current chapter name on the right side of even pages
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} % Width of the rule under the header
\addtolength{\headheight}{2.5pt} % Increase the spacing around the header slightly
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Removes the rule in the footer
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} % Style for when a plain pagestyle is specified
% Removes the header from odd empty pages at the end of chapters
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\cleardoublepage}{
\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
\hbox{}
\vspace*{\fill}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\newpage
\fi}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% THEOREM STYLES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm} % For math equations, theorems, symbols, etc
\newcommand{\intoo}[2]{\mathopen{]}#1\,;#2\mathclose{[}}
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathop{\mathrm{{}d}}\mathopen{}}
\newcommand{\intff}[2]{\mathopen{[}#1\,;#2\mathclose{]}}
\newtheorem{notation}{Notation}[chapter]
% Boxed/framed environments
\newtheoremstyle{ocrenumbox}% % Theorem style name
{0pt}% Space above
{0pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3\\[0.01cm]}} % Optional theorem note
\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$}% Optional qed square
\newtheoremstyle{blacknumex}% Theorem style name
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% Body font
{} % Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily}% Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily{\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\nobreakspace\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries---\nobreakspace#3\\[0.01cm]}}% Optional theorem note
\newtheoremstyle{blacknumbox} % Theorem style name
{0pt}% Space above
{0pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily}% Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3\\[0.01cm]}}% Optional theorem note
% Non-boxed/non-framed environments
\newtheoremstyle{exercisenum}%
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\footnotesize\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\footnotesize\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3.}} % Optional theorem note
% Non-boxed/non-framed environments
\newtheoremstyle{ocrenum}% % Theorem style name
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3.}} % Optional theorem note
\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$}% Optional qed square
\makeatother
% Defines the theorem text style for each type of theorem to one of the three styles above
\newcounter{dummy}
\numberwithin{dummy}{chapter}
\theoremstyle{ocrenumbox}
\newtheorem{theoremeT}[dummy]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{corollaryT}[dummy]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{propositionT}[dummy]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{exerciseT}{Exercise}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{blacknumex}
\newtheorem{exampleT}{Example}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{blacknumbox}
\newtheorem{vocabulary}{Vocabulary}[chapter]
\newtheorem{definitionT}{Definition}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{ocrenum}
\newcommand{\rawtilde}{\raise.17ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\mathtt{\sim}$}}
\newcommand{\probdiff}[1]{{\color{gray}[#1/5]}}
\theoremstyle{exercisenum}
\newcounter{dummyb}
\numberwithin{dummyb}{chapter}
\newtheorem{problem}[dummyb]{\\[-0.7em]\hspace*{-0.3em}}
% STARS beside some problems
\newtheorem{problemstar}[dummyb]{\\[-0.7em]\raisebox{0.02cm}{\bf\color{ocre}$\ast$}\hspace*{-0.3em}}
\newcommand\itemstar{\stepcounter{enumi}\item[\raisebox{0.01cm}{\bf\color{ocre}$\ast$}\theenumi]}
% This lets us vertically center contents of table cells and use \\ in table cells.
% From http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/2441/how-to-add-a-forced-line-break-inside-a-table-cell
\newcommand{\specialcell}[2][c]{\begin{tabular}[#1]{@{}c@{}}#2\end{tabular}}
\newcommand{\specialcelll}[2][l]{\begin{tabular}[#1]{@{}l@{}}#2\end{tabular}}
% Evolution arrows for figures.
\usepackage{intcalc}
\newcommand{\genarrow}[1]{\color{black}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\clock{\intcalcDiv{#1}{60}}{\intcalcMod{#1}{60}} #1}}$}}
\newcommand{\fixarrowa}[1]{\color{black}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\makebox[0pt][l]{\clock{\intcalcDiv{#1}{60}}{\intcalcMod{#1}{60}} #1}\phantom{\clock{0}{3} 3}}}$}}
\newcommand{\fixarrowb}[1]{\color{black}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\makebox[0pt][l]{\clock{\intcalcDiv{#1}{60}}{\intcalcMod{#1}{60}} #1}\phantom{\clock{0}{33} 33}}}$}}
\newcommand{\fixarrowc}[1]{\color{black}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\makebox[0pt][l]{\clock{\intcalcDiv{#1}{60}}{\intcalcMod{#1}{60}} #1}\phantom{\clock{0}{33} 333}}}$}}
\newcommand{\phantomarrowa}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\phantom{\clock{0}{3} 3}}}$}
\newcommand{\phantomarrowb}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\phantom{\clock{0}{33} 33}}}$}
\newcommand{\phantomarrowc}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\phantom{\clock{0}{33} 333}}}$}
\newcommand{\phantomarrowz}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\phantom{\clock{0}{3}}}}$}
\newcommand{\gliderarrow}[1]{\color{black}{$\xrightarrow{\text{\includegraphics[width=0.35cm]{glider.png} #1}}$}}
% Commands for making letter grids in proofs
\newcommand{\letternode}[3]{\node[anchor=center] at (#1,#2){\fontsize{18}{18}\sffamily\bfseries\contour{black}{\textcolor{ocre!40}{#3}}};}
\newcommand{\colorletternode}[4]{\node[anchor=center] at (#2,#3){\fontsize{18}{18}\sffamily\bfseries\contour{black}{\textcolor{#1!40}{#4}}};}
\newcommand{\sizecolorletternode}[5]{\node[anchor=center] at (#2,#3){\fontsize{#5}{#5}\sffamily\bfseries\contour{black}{\textcolor{#1!40}{#4}}};}
\newcommand{\gridbox}[2]{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0mm}
\setlength{\fboxrule}{#1}\fcolorbox{gridgray}{gridgray}{#2}}
% This fixes some vertical alignment issues in some tables
\usepackage[math]{cellspace}
\cellspacetoplimit 3pt
\cellspacebottomlimit 1pt
% Don't want URLs to display https:// or http://
\newcommand\httpsurl[1]{\href{https://#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}}
\newcommand\httpurl[1]{\href{http://#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% DEFINITION OF COLORED BOXES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\RequirePackage[framemethod=default]{mdframed} % Required for creating the theorem, definition, exercise and corollary boxes
% Theorem box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{tBox}
% Exercise box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
backgroundcolor=ocre!10,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
innerbottommargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt]{eBox}
% Definition box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{dBox}
% Corollary box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
linecolor=ocre,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{cBox}
% Creates an environment for each type of theorem and assigns it a theorem text style from the "Theorem Styles" section above and a colored box from above
\newenvironment{theorem}{\begin{cBox}\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}\begin{theoremeT}}{\end{theoremeT}\end{minipage}\end{cBox}}
\newenvironment{exercise}{\begin{eBox}\begin{exerciseT}}{\hfill{\color{ocre}\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\end{exerciseT}\end{eBox}}
\newenvironment{definition}{\begin{dBox}\begin{definitionT}}{\end{definitionT}\end{dBox}}
\newenvironment{example}{\begin{exampleT}}{\hfill{\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\end{exampleT}}
\newenvironment{corollary}{\begin{cBox}\begin{corollaryT}}{\end{corollaryT}\end{cBox}}
\newenvironment{proposition}{\begin{cBox}\begin{propositionT}}{\end{propositionT}\end{cBox}}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% REMARK ENVIRONMENT
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\newenvironment{remark}{\par\vspace{10pt}\small % Vertical white space above the remark and smaller font size
\begin{list}{}{
\leftmargin=35pt % Indentation on the left
\rightmargin=25pt}\item\ignorespaces % Indentation on the right
\makebox[-2.5pt]{\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
\node[draw=ocre!60,line width=1pt,circle,fill=ocre!25,font=\sffamily\bfseries,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt] at (-15pt,0pt){\textcolor{ocre}{R}};\end{tikzpicture}} % Orange R in a circle
\advance\baselineskip -1pt}{\end{list}\vskip5pt} % Tighter line spacing and white space after remark
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% FACT ENVIRONMENT
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\newenvironment{fact}{\par\vspace{10pt} % Vertical white space above the fact
\begin{list}{}{
\leftmargin=35pt % Indentation on the left
\rightmargin=25pt}\item\ignorespaces % Indentation on the right
\makebox[-2.5pt]{\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
\node[draw=ocre!60,line width=1pt,circle,fill=ocre!25,font=\sffamily\bfseries,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt] at (-15pt,0pt){\textcolor{ocre}{!}};\end{tikzpicture}} % Orange R in a circle
\advance\baselineskip -1pt}{\end{list}\vskip5pt} % Tighter line spacing and white space after remark
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% QUESTION ENVIRONMENT
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\newenvironment{question}{\par\vspace{10pt} % Vertical white space above the question
\begin{list}{}{
\leftmargin=35pt % Indentation on the left
\rightmargin=25pt}\item\ignorespaces % Indentation on the right
\makebox[-2.5pt]{\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
\node[draw=ocre!60,line width=1pt,circle,fill=ocre!25,font=\sffamily\bfseries,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt] at (-15pt,0pt){\textcolor{ocre}{?}};\end{tikzpicture}} % Orange R in a circle
\advance\baselineskip -1pt}{\end{list}\vskip5pt} % Tighter line spacing and white space after question
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION NUMBERING IN THE MARGIN
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\@seccntformat}[1]{\llap{\textcolor{ocre}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\hspace{1em}}}
\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}
{-4ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.4ex}
{1ex \@plus.2ex }
{\normalfont\large\sffamily\bfseries}}
\renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}
{-3ex \@plus -0.1ex \@minus -.4ex}
{0.5ex \@plus.2ex }
{\normalfont\sffamily\bfseries}}
\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection {subsubsection}{3}{\z@}
{-2ex \@plus -0.1ex \@minus -.2ex}
{.2ex \@plus.2ex }
{\normalfont\small\sffamily\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}
{-2ex \@plus-.2ex \@minus .2ex}
{.1ex}
{\normalfont\small\sffamily\bfseries}}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PART HEADINGS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% numbered part in the table of contents
\newcommand{\@mypartnumtocformat}[2]{%
\setlength\fboxsep{0pt}%
\noindent\colorbox{ocre!20}{\strut\parbox[c][.7cm]{\ecart}{\color{ocre!70}\Large\sffamily\bfseries\centering#1}}\hskip\esp\colorbox{ocre!40}{\strut\parbox[c][.7cm]{\linewidth-\ecart-\esp}{\Large\sffamily\centering#2}}}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% unnumbered part in the table of contents
\newcommand{\@myparttocformat}[1]{%
\setlength\fboxsep{0pt}%
\noindent\colorbox{ocre!40}{\strut\parbox[c][.7cm]{\linewidth}{\Large\sffamily\centering#1}}}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newlength\esp
\setlength\esp{4pt}
\newlength\ecart
\setlength\ecart{1.2cm-\esp}
\newcommand{\thepartimage}{}%
\newcommand{\partimage}[1]{\renewcommand{\thepartimage}{#1}}%
\def\@part[#1]#2{%
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax%
\refstepcounter{part}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\texorpdfstring{\protect\@mypartnumtocformat{\thepart}{#1}}{\partname~\thepart\ ---\ #1}}
\else%
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\texorpdfstring{\protect\@myparttocformat{#1}}{#1}}%
\fi%
\startcontents%
\markboth{}{}%
{\thispagestyle{empty}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]%
\node at (current page.north west){\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]%
\fill[ocre!20](0cm,0cm) rectangle (\paperwidth,-\paperheight);
\node[anchor=north] at (4cm,-3.25cm){\color{ocre!40}\fontsize{220}{100}\sffamily\bfseries\@Roman\c@part};
\node[anchor=south east] at (\paperwidth-1cm,-\paperheight+1cm){\parbox[t][][t]{8.5cm}{
\printcontents{l}{0}{\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}}%
}};
\node[anchor=north east] at (\paperwidth-1.5cm,-3.25cm){\parbox[t][][t]{15cm}{\strut\raggedleft\color{white}\fontsize{30}{30}\sffamily\bfseries #2}};
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}}%
\@endpart}
\def\@spart#1{%
\startcontents%
\phantomsection
{\thispagestyle{empty}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]%
\node at (current page.north west){\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]%
\fill[ocre!20](0cm,0cm) rectangle (\paperwidth,-\paperheight);
\node[anchor=north] at (4cm,-3.25cm){\color{ocre!40}\fontsize{220}{100}\sffamily\bfseries $\star{}{}$};
\node[anchor=south east] at (\paperwidth-1cm,-\paperheight+1cm){\parbox[t][][t]{8.5cm}{
\printcontents{l}{0}{\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}}}};%
\node[anchor=north east] at (\paperwidth-1.5cm,-3.25cm){\parbox[t][][t]{15cm}{\strut\raggedleft\color{white}\fontsize{30}{30}\sffamily\bfseries #1}};
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\texorpdfstring{%
\setlength\fboxsep{0pt}%
\noindent\hfill\protect\colorbox{ocre!40}{\strut\protect\parbox[c][.7cm]{\linewidth-\ecart-\esp}{\Large\sffamily\protect\centering #1\quad\mbox{}}}}{#1}}%
\@endpart}
\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
\if@twoside
\if@openright
\null
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\newpage
\fi
\fi
\if@tempswa
\twocolumn
\fi}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% CHAPTER HEADINGS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% A switch to conditionally include a picture, implemented by Christian Hupfer
\newif\ifusechapterimage
\usechapterimagetrue
\newcommand{\thechapterimage}{}%
\newcommand{\chapterimage}[1]{\ifusechapterimage\renewcommand{\thechapterimage}{#1}\fi}%
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node at (current page.north west)
{\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node[anchor=north west,inner sep=0pt] at (0,0) {\ifusechapterimage\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{\thechapterimage}\fi};
% White faded box
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin,-9cm) node [line width=2pt,draw=black,fill=white,fill opacity=0.75,inner sep=15pt]{\strut\makebox[22cm]{}};
\newcommand\chpprntadj{0mm}
% Grid at right
% Columns of squares
\foreach \x in {-3,-2,-1,0,1,...,7}
{
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
}
% Scattered extra cells
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-10*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-10*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
% Extra black cells
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-3*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-3*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-5*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-5*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-4*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-4*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-2*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-2*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm+\chpprntadj-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm+\chpprntadj-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
% Re-draw black outline on box
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin,-9cm) node [line width=2pt,draw=black,inner sep=15pt]{\strut\makebox[22cm]{}};
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin+.4cm,-9.1cm) node {\huge\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}\thechapter. #1\strut};
\draw[anchor=west,line width=2pt,black] (0,-\paperwidth/2) -- (\paperwidth,-\paperwidth/2);
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\else
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node at (current page.north west)
{\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node[anchor=north west,inner sep=0pt] at (0,0) {\ifusechapterimage\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{\thechapterimage}\fi};
% White faded box
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin,-9cm) node [line width=2pt,draw=black,fill=white,fill opacity=0.75,inner sep=15pt]{\strut\makebox[22cm]{}};
% Grid at right
% Columns of squares
\foreach \x in {-3,-2,-1,0,1,...,7}
{
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
}
% Scattered extra cells
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-10*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-10*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
% Extra black cells
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-3*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-3*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-5*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-5*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-4*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-4*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-2*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-2*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
% Re-draw black outline on box
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin,-9cm) node [line width=2pt,draw=black,inner sep=15pt]{\strut\makebox[22cm]{}};
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin+.4cm,-9.1cm) node {\huge\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}#1\strut};
\draw[anchor=west,line width=2pt,black] (0,-\paperwidth/2) -- (\paperwidth,-\paperwidth/2);
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\fi\fi\par\vspace*{270\p@}}}
%-------------------------------------------
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node at (current page.north west)
{\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node[anchor=north west,inner sep=0pt] at (0,0) {\ifusechapterimage\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{\thechapterimage}\fi};
% White faded box
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin,-9cm) node [line width=2pt,draw=black,fill=white,fill opacity=0.75,inner sep=15pt]{\strut\makebox[22cm]{}};
% Grid at right
% Columns of squares
\foreach \x in {-3,-2,-1,0,1,...,7}
{
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-\x*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
}
% Scattered extra cells
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-8*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-9*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=white] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-10*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-10*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
% Extra black cells
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-3*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-3*0.375cm,-8.25cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-5*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-5*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-4*0.375cm,-8.25cm-0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-4*0.375cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm,-8.25cm-2*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-2*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-2*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
\filldraw[anchor=west,line width=1pt,draw=medgray,fill=black] (\Gm@lmargin+17.825cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-3*0.375cm) rectangle (\Gm@lmargin+18.2cm-6*0.375cm,-8.25cm-4*0.375cm);
% Re-draw black outline on box
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin,-9cm) node [line width=2pt,draw=black,inner sep=15pt]{\strut\makebox[22cm]{}};
\draw[anchor=west] (\Gm@lmargin+.4cm,-9.1cm) node {\huge\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}#1\strut};
\draw[anchor=west,line width=2pt,black] (0,-\paperwidth/2) -- (\paperwidth,-\paperwidth/2);
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\par\vspace*{270\p@}}
\makeatother
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% HYPERLINKS IN THE DOCUMENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{bookmark}
\ifdefined\FORPRINTING
% If printing, links in black
\hypersetup{hidelinks,filebordercolor=red,menubordercolor=red,linkbordercolor=red,backref=true,pagebackref=true,hyperindex=true,colorlinks=true,breaklinks=true,urlcolor=black,bookmarks=true,citecolor=black,linkcolor=black,bookmarksopen=false}
\else
\usepackage{embedfile}
\hypersetup{hidelinks,filebordercolor=red,menubordercolor=red,linkbordercolor=red,backref=true,pagebackref=true,hyperindex=true,colorlinks=true,breaklinks=true,urlcolor=ocre,bookmarks=true,citecolor=redback2,linkcolor=linkcol,bookmarksopen=false}
\fi
\hypersetup{
pdftitle = {Conway's Game of Life - Mathematics and Construction},
pdfauthor = {Nathaniel Johnston and Dave Greene}
}
\usepackage{bookmark}
\bookmarksetup{
open,
numbered,
addtohook={%
\ifnum\bookmarkget{level}=0 % chapter
\bookmarksetup{bold}%
\fi
\ifnum\bookmarkget{level}=-1 % part
\bookmarksetup{color=ocre,bold}%
\fi
}
}
% How do I make an attached non-pdf file display like a link?
% (http://tex.stackexchange.com/q/230581)
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\embeddedfilelink}[2]{%
\begingroup
\leavevmode
\pdfstartlink
attr{%
\Hy@setpdfborder
\ifx\@pdfhighlight\@empty
\else
/H\@pdfhighlight
\fi
/C[\@filebordercolor]%
}%
user{%
/Subtype/Link%
/A<<%
/Type/Action%
/S/JavaScript%
/JS(this.exportDataObject({cName: "#1", nLaunch: 2}))%
>>%
}%
\relax
\Hy@colorlink\@urlcolor#2%
\close@pdflink
\endgroup
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\@addtoreset{pseudocode}{chapter}% pseudocode counter resets every chapter
\@addtoreset{apgsembly}{chapter}% apgsembly counter resets every chapter
\makeatother
\renewcommand{\thepseudocode}{\thechapter.\arabic{pseudocode}}% pseudocode # is <chapter>.<pseudocode>
\renewcommand{\theapgsembly}{\thechapter.\arabic{apgsembly}}% apgsembly # is <chapter>.<apgsembly>
\newcommand*{\patternlink}[2]{\ifdefined\FORPRINTING #2\else\embeddedfilelink{patterns/\chapterfolder #1.txt}{#2}\fi}
\newcommand*{\embedlink}[2]{\ifdefined\FORPRINTING\else\embedfile{patterns/\chapterfolder #1.txt}\fi\patternlink{#1}{#2}}
\newcommand*{\patternimg}[2]{\includegraphics[scale=#1]{\chapterfolder #2.png}}
\newcommand*{\patternimglink}[2]{\embedlink{#2}{\patternimg{#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand*{\patternimgwidth}[2]{\includegraphics[width=#1]{\chapterfolder #2.png}}
\newcommand*{\patternimglinkwidth}[2]{\embedlink{#2}{\patternimgwidth{#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand*{\bgbox}[2]{\mbox{\protect\vphantom{#2}\hspace{-0.2em}\smash{\colorbox{#1}{\protect\raisebox{0pt}[5pt][0pt]{#2}}}\hspace{-0.25em}}}
\setcounter{collectmore}{-1}% fixes some footnote placements in multi-column environments (in particular in exercise sections)