[Task]: move debian_packages to pre base stage

[KevinMind]

Description

We can safely install debian packages at a very early stage in the build, improving cache hit ratio.

When switching branches, sometimes values used to generate the build-info.json trigger invalidation of the base layer, this triggers reinstallation of debian packages which takes a long time. We can avoid this by moving that to a very early stage that has no dependencies on arguments that can change arbitrarily.

Acceptance Criteria

Milestones/checkpoints

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1. define a root stage
2. move logic (like debian package install, but also other stuff) that does not need to depend on any build args to this stage

Checks

• If I have identified that the work is specific to a repository, I have removed "repository:addons-server" or "repository:addons-frontend"

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