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+# # Dynamic batching for ASCII and character conversion
+#
+# This example demonstrates how to dynamically batch a simple
+# application that converts ASCII codes to characters and vice versa.
+#
+# For more details about using dynamic batching and optimizing
+# the batching configurations for your application, see
+# the [dynamic batching guide](https://modal.com/docs/guide/dynamic-batching).
+#
+# ## Setup
+#
+# Let's start by defining the image for the application.
+
+import modal
+
+app = modal.App(
+    "example-dynamic-batching-ascii-conversion", image=modal.Image.debian_slim()
+)
+
+
+# ## Defining a Batched Function
+#
+# Now, let's define a function that converts ASCII codes to characters. This
+# async Batched Function allows us to convert up to four ASCII codes at once.
+# If there are fewer than four ASCII codes in the batch, the Function will wait
+# for one second, as specified by `wait_ms`, to allow more inputs to arrive before
+# returning the result.
+#
+# The input `asciis` to the Function is a list of integers, and the
+# output is a list of strings. To allow batching, the input list `asciis`
+# and the output list must have the same length.
+#
+# You must invoke the Function with an individual ASCII input, and a single
+# character will be returned in response.
+
+
+@app.function()
+@modal.batched(max_batch_size=4, wait_ms=1000)
+async def asciis_to_chars(asciis: list[int]) -> list[str]:
+    return [chr(ascii) for ascii in asciis]
+
+
+# ## Defining a class with a Batched Method
+#
+# Next, let's define a class that converts characters to ASCII codes. This
+# class has an async Batched Method `chars_to_asciis` that converts characters
+# to ASCII codes.
+#
+# Note that if a class has a Batched Method, it cannot have other Batched Methods
+# or Methods.
+
+
+@app.cls()
+class AsciiConverter:
+    @modal.batched(max_batch_size=4, wait_ms=1000)
+    async def chars_to_asciis(self, chars: list[str]) -> list[int]:
+        asciis = [ord(char) for char in chars]
+        return asciis
+
+
+# ## ASCII and character conversion
+#
+# Finally, let's define the `local_entrypoint` that uses the Batched Function
+# and Class Method to convert ASCII codes to characters and
+# vice versa.
+#
+# We use [`map.aio`](/docs/reference/modal.Function#map) to asynchronously map
+# over the ASCII codes and characters. This allows us to invoke the Batched
+# Function and the Batched Method over a range of ASCII codes and characters
+# in parallel.
+#
+# Run this script to see which characters correspond to ASCII codes 33 through 38!
+
+
+@app.local_entrypoint()
+async def main():
+    ascii_converter = AsciiConverter()
+    chars = []
+    async for char in asciis_to_chars.map.aio(range(33, 39)):
+        chars.append(char)
+
+    print("Characters:", chars)
+
+    asciis = []
+    async for ascii in ascii_converter.chars_to_asciis.map.aio(chars):
+        asciis.append(ascii)
+
+    print("ASCII codes:", asciis)