diff --git a/client/llb/state.go b/client/llb/state.go
index b40b450fd7e77..c26755114f3b3 100644
--- a/client/llb/state.go
+++ b/client/llb/state.go
@@ -262,6 +262,8 @@ func (s State) WithImageConfig(c []byte) (State, error) {
 			OS:           img.OS,
 			Architecture: img.Architecture,
 			Variant:      img.Variant,
+			OSVersion:    img.OSVersion,
+			OSFeatures:   img.OSFeatures,
 		})
 	}
 	return s, nil
diff --git a/exporter/containerimage/writer.go b/exporter/containerimage/writer.go
index b43761aeda852..a215b1affe5ff 100644
--- a/exporter/containerimage/writer.go
+++ b/exporter/containerimage/writer.go
@@ -598,6 +598,8 @@ func defaultImageConfig() ([]byte, error) {
 	img := ocispecs.Image{}
 	img.Architecture = pl.Architecture
 	img.OS = pl.OS
+	img.OSVersion = pl.OSVersion
+	img.OSFeatures = pl.OSFeatures
 	img.Variant = pl.Variant
 	img.RootFS.Type = "layers"
 	img.Config.WorkingDir = "/"
diff --git a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go
index 7cd57a343f630..64c24e140fec3 100644
--- a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go
+++ b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/convert.go
@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@ func toDispatchState(ctx context.Context, dt []byte, opt ConvertOpt) (*dispatchS
 							OS:           img.OS,
 							Architecture: img.Architecture,
 							Variant:      img.Variant,
+							OSVersion:    img.OSVersion,
+							OSFeatures:   img.OSFeatures,
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -595,6 +597,8 @@ func toDispatchState(ctx context.Context, dt []byte, opt ConvertOpt) (*dispatchS
 		target.image.OS = platformOpt.targetPlatform.OS
 		target.image.Architecture = platformOpt.targetPlatform.Architecture
 		target.image.Variant = platformOpt.targetPlatform.Variant
+		target.image.OSVersion = platformOpt.targetPlatform.OSVersion
+		target.image.OSFeatures = platformOpt.targetPlatform.OSFeatures
 	}
 
 	return target, nil
diff --git a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/image.go b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/image.go
index 70d81262bcf2b..6f38d8f5a902b 100644
--- a/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/image.go
+++ b/frontend/dockerfile/dockerfile2llb/image.go
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ func emptyImage(platform ocispecs.Platform) image.Image {
 	img := image.Image{}
 	img.Architecture = platform.Architecture
 	img.OS = platform.OS
+	img.OSVersion = platform.OSVersion
+	img.OSFeatures = platform.OSFeatures
 	img.Variant = platform.Variant
 	img.RootFS.Type = "layers"
 	img.Config.WorkingDir = "/"
diff --git a/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec.go b/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec.go
index 4966269262b76..c5b8c35b97537 100644
--- a/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec.go
+++ b/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec.go
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ func (e *ExecOp) CacheMap(ctx context.Context, g session.Group, index int) (*sol
 			OS:           e.platform.OS,
 			Architecture: e.platform.Architecture,
 			Variant:      e.platform.Variant,
+			OSVersion:    e.platform.OSVersion,
+			OSFeatures:   e.platform.OSFeatures,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -133,17 +135,21 @@ func (e *ExecOp) CacheMap(ctx context.Context, g session.Group, index int) (*sol
 	}
 
 	dt, err := json.Marshal(struct {
-		Type    string
-		Exec    *pb.ExecOp
-		OS      string
-		Arch    string
-		Variant string `json:",omitempty"`
+		Type       string
+		Exec       *pb.ExecOp
+		OS         string
+		Arch       string
+		Variant    string   `json:",omitempty"`
+		OSVersion  string   `json:",omitempty"`
+		OSFeatures []string `json:",omitempty"`
 	}{
-		Type:    execCacheType,
-		Exec:    &op,
-		OS:      p.OS,
-		Arch:    p.Architecture,
-		Variant: p.Variant,
+		Type:       execCacheType,
+		Exec:       &op,
+		OS:         p.OS,
+		Arch:       p.Architecture,
+		Variant:    p.Variant,
+		OSVersion:  p.OSVersion,
+		OSFeatures: p.OSFeatures,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
diff --git a/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec_binfmt.go b/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec_binfmt.go
index c2c5504cc36bc..41a8047dce93d 100644
--- a/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec_binfmt.go
+++ b/solver/llbsolver/ops/exec_binfmt.go
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ func getEmulator(ctx context.Context, p *pb.Platform, idmap *idtools.IdentityMap
 	pp := platforms.Normalize(ocispecs.Platform{
 		Architecture: p.Architecture,
 		OS:           p.OS,
+		OSVersion:    p.OSVersion,
+		OSFeatures:   p.OSFeatures,
 		Variant:      p.Variant,
 	})
 
diff --git a/solver/llbsolver/provenance/capture.go b/solver/llbsolver/provenance/capture.go
index eb77ef6bc3a09..941401d02893c 100644
--- a/solver/llbsolver/provenance/capture.go
+++ b/solver/llbsolver/provenance/capture.go
@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ func (c *Capture) AddImage(i ImageSource) {
 				return
 			}
 			if v.Platform != nil && i.Platform != nil {
-				if v.Platform.Architecture == i.Platform.Architecture && v.Platform.OS == i.Platform.OS && v.Platform.Variant == i.Platform.Variant {
+				// NOTE: Deliberately excluding OSFeatures, as there's no extant (or rational) case where a source image is an index and contains images distinguished only by OSFeature
+				// See https://github.com/moby/buildkit/pull/4387#discussion_r1376234241
+				if v.Platform.Architecture == i.Platform.Architecture && v.Platform.OS == i.Platform.OS && v.Platform.OSVersion == i.Platform.OSVersion && v.Platform.Variant == i.Platform.Variant {
 					return
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/solver/llbsolver/vertex.go b/solver/llbsolver/vertex.go
index 154cc75dce52a..61af8a263f9d5 100644
--- a/solver/llbsolver/vertex.go
+++ b/solver/llbsolver/vertex.go
@@ -79,17 +79,27 @@ func NormalizeRuntimePlatforms() LoadOpt {
 					OS:           p.OS,
 					Architecture: p.Architecture,
 					Variant:      p.Variant,
+					OSVersion:    p.OSVersion,
+					OSFeatures:   p.OSFeatures,
 				}
 			}
 			op.Platform = defaultPlatform
 		}
-		platform := ocispecs.Platform{OS: op.Platform.OS, Architecture: op.Platform.Architecture, Variant: op.Platform.Variant}
+		platform := ocispecs.Platform{
+			OS:           op.Platform.OS,
+			Architecture: op.Platform.Architecture,
+			Variant:      op.Platform.Variant,
+			OSVersion:    op.Platform.OSVersion,
+			OSFeatures:   op.Platform.OSFeatures,
+		}
 		normalizedPlatform := platforms.Normalize(platform)
 
 		op.Platform = &pb.Platform{
 			OS:           normalizedPlatform.OS,
 			Architecture: normalizedPlatform.Architecture,
 			Variant:      normalizedPlatform.Variant,
+			OSVersion:    normalizedPlatform.OSVersion,
+			OSFeatures:   normalizedPlatform.OSFeatures,
 		}
 
 		return nil
diff --git a/source/containerimage/pull.go b/source/containerimage/pull.go
index cdc6dae84cfa9..8c0d7a252ef1a 100644
--- a/source/containerimage/pull.go
+++ b/source/containerimage/pull.go
@@ -60,17 +60,21 @@ type puller struct {
 
 func mainManifestKey(ctx context.Context, desc ocispecs.Descriptor, platform ocispecs.Platform, layerLimit *int) (digest.Digest, error) {
 	dt, err := json.Marshal(struct {
-		Digest  digest.Digest
-		OS      string
-		Arch    string
-		Variant string `json:",omitempty"`
-		Limit   *int   `json:",omitempty"`
+		Digest     digest.Digest
+		OS         string
+		Arch       string
+		Variant    string   `json:",omitempty"`
+		OSVersion  string   `json:",omitempty"`
+		OSFeatures []string `json:",omitempty"`
+		Limit      *int     `json:",omitempty"`
 	}{
-		Digest:  desc.Digest,
-		OS:      platform.OS,
-		Arch:    platform.Architecture,
-		Variant: platform.Variant,
-		Limit:   layerLimit,
+		Digest:     desc.Digest,
+		OS:         platform.OS,
+		Arch:       platform.Architecture,
+		Variant:    platform.Variant,
+		OSVersion:  platform.OSVersion,
+		OSFeatures: platform.OSFeatures,
+		Limit:      layerLimit,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err