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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>ant与前端</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./assets/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./assets/bootstrap-responsive.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./assets/facebox.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="assets/doc.css"/>
<script src="assets/modernizr.custom.79639.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container" class="container">
<div class="menu-panel">
<h3>教程目录</h3>
<ul id="menu-toc" class="menu-toc J_Menu">
<li class="menu-toc-current"><a href="#index">ant简介</a></li>
<li><a href="#install">ant的安装和简单使用</a></li>
<li><a href="#build-xml">ant的构建文件入门</a></li>
<li><a href="#targets">基础任务标签的使用</a></li>
<li><a href="#property">property属性标签的使用</a></li>
<li><a href="#dataType">dataType的用法</a></li>
<li><a href="#yui-compressor">ant结合jsdoc构建js文档</a></li>
<li><a href="#jsdoc">利用jsdoc提高自动提示</a></li>
<li><a href="#pro-build">JsTestDriver的使用</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bb-custom-wrapper">
<div id="bb-bookblock" class="bb-bookblock">
<div class="bb-item" id="index">
<div class="content J_Content">
<div class="scroller">
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">
<img src="http://s1.36ria.com/201302/4922/32596_o.png"
width="350" height="450"/>
</div>
<div class="span7">
<h2>ant简介</h2>
<ul>
<li>用途：非常强大的构建工具</li>
<li>版本：1.8.4</li>
<li>下载：<a href="http://labs.renren.com/apache-mirror//ant/binaries/apache-ant-1.8.4-bin.zip" class="broken_link">1.8.4-bin.zip</a></li>
<li>ant使用文档：<a href="http://ant.apache.org/manual/index.html">http://ant.apache.org/manual/index.html</a></li>
</ul>
<p>ant作为目前中国最受欢迎的开源构建工具，广泛应用于java工程构建。也许你会感到很疑惑，js作为动态语言，并不需要编译过程，为什么需要ant这样的构建工具呢？ant能够帮助前端工程师解决那些问题呢？</p>
<h3>为什么前端工程师需要ant？</h3>
<p>来看个经典的应用场景：<br />
在你的页面中需要引用不少的jquery插件，比如plug-1.js、plug-2.js、plug-3.js，yslow关于前端性能优化的第一建议就是页面应该保持尽量少的js和css引用。明显这个场景违背了这个建议，所以我们需要合并这些js插件，合并成plug-combine.js文件，传统的做法是人肉合并，以前明河也是这么干的，但遇到了如下烦恼，plug-1.js是自己写的插件，经常要更新这个文件的代码，每次更新完都要重新人肉更新下plug-combine.js，作为一个懒人，明河在想，“有没有一个工具可以帮我自动合并文件呢？当然合并后能够自动调用压缩工具压缩文件就更棒了！”。ant这个神奇的工具就是用来帮前端偷这样的懒的！</p>
<h3>ant能帮前端干些什么呢？</h3>
<ul>
<li>合并js/css文件；</li>
<li>调用YUI Compressor自动压缩css文件，调用Google Closure Compiler自动压缩js；</li>
<li>快速批量复制/删除指定文件；</li>
<li>调用jsDoc工具，自动生成js文档；</li>
<li>连接FTP，将代码快速发布到指定服务器；</li>
<li>将文件自动上传到svn上；</li>
<li>自动打包成zip文件</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
<p>ant强大得超乎你的想象，ant提供了一整套的任务列表帮你从重复耗时的构建流程中解脱出来！看到ant这只神奇的蚂蚁能做如此多的事，心动了吗？那么跟着明河来学学如何使用ant。<br />
明河要强调的一点是<strong>ant很简单</strong>，只要你有足够的耐心，1天内就可基本掌握其使用方法。
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bb-item" id="install">
<div class="content J_Content">
<div class="scroller">
<h2>Ant的安装和简单使用</h2>
<h3>1.下载<a href="http://labs.renren.com/apache-mirror//ant/binaries/apache-ant-1.8.2-bin.zip" class="broken_link">ant</a></h3>
<p>你下载下来的ant，应该包含如下文件：<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/ant-files" rel="attachment wp-att-4412"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ant-files.png" alt="" title="ant-files" width="430" height="387" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4412" /></a></p>
<h3>2.安装java运行环境</h3>
<p>ant是java程序，所以依赖于java运行环境，如果你的机子已经安装JDK，那么请跳过这一步，如果没有请先下载JDK，<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">传送门在此</a>。<br />
（PS:请运行“CMD”，然后键入“javac”，如果出现如下界面说明java环境OK。）<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/javac" rel="attachment wp-att-4414"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/javac.png" alt="" title="javac" width="422" height="230" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4414" /></a><br />
如果出现“’javac’ 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处理文件。”，那么请设置下java环境变量。<br />
设置方法参见，明河之前写的<a href="http://www.36ria.com/3948">《YUI Compressor快速使用指南—web前端开发七武器》</a>，这里不再累述。</p>
<h3>3.配置环境变量</h3>
<p>右击“计算机”，点击“系统设置”，出现如下界面：<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/environment" rel="attachment wp-att-4413"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/environment.png" alt="" title="environment" width="600" height="545" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4413" /></a><br />
新建系统变量,变量名：<strong>ANT_HOME</strong>，变量值：d:\soft\ant，变量值指向你本机ant的解压目录，请勿直接copy这个变量值。<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/ant%e2%80%94%e2%80%94home" rel="attachment wp-att-4415"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ant——home.png" alt="" title="ant——home" width="362" height="140" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4415" /></a><br />
修改变量：<strong>path</strong>，在最后添加：%ANT_HOME%\bin;<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/ant-2" rel="attachment wp-att-4416"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ant.png" alt="" title="ant" width="365" height="150" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4416" /></a></p>
<h3>4.试运行ant</h3>
<p>在”CMD”界面，输入“ant”，如果出现以下内容，说明配置成功！<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/ant-2-2" rel="attachment wp-att-4417"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ant-2.png" alt="" title="ant-2" width="334" height="86" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4417" /></a></p>
<h2>ant版的hello world！</h2>
<p>在d盘新建个<strong>ant-demo</strong>的目录。<br />
在该目录下新建个build.xml，代码如下：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">refund</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">Hello world!</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a_b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>再准备二个用于合并的js文件，比如a.js和b.js，（随便在二个文件中加些js代码）。<br />
进入cmd界面，敲入ant，留意必须先将目录指向build.xml的根目录。<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/ant-hello" rel="attachment wp-att-4423"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ant-hello.png" alt="" title="ant-hello" width="514" height="329" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4423" /></a><br />
你将成功输出a_b.js文件，目录结构如下;<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4411/ant-files-2" rel="attachment wp-att-4419"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ant-files-2.png" alt="" title="ant-files-2" width="219" height="145" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4419" /></a><br />
build.xml中的代码是什么意思呢？请看下文分解</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bb-item" id="build-xml">
<div class="content J_Content">
<div class="scroller">
<h2>构建文件入门</h2>
<h3>1.什么是构建文件？</h3>
<p>构建文件是ant执行工程构建的入门文件，构建的所有任务都必须只能写在构建文件内，构建文件必须是符合标准的xml文件，默认的构建文件为build.xml，当你键入“ant”命名执行时，默认执行<strong>build.xml</strong>。</p>
<h4>标准构建文件模板：</h4>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">refund</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<h4>关键点说明</h4>
<ul>
<li>第一行为xml声明，必须存在；</li>
<li>有且仅有一个<strong>project</strong>根标签；</li>
<li>default属性执行默认目标；</li>
<li>target（任务目标）；</li>
<li>task：任务，是构建文件的最小执行单位，是具体干活的标签；</li>
<li>property：特性，或理解为属性。</li>
</ul>
<h3>2.新的demo代码</h3>
<p>改变下上一篇的demo，增加点复杂点：创建一个src目录，将合并后的文件放在src目录下，并在合并后的文件内顶部添加一行自定义的合并注释。<br />
新的demo中的build.xml:</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">refund</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">concat.note</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">value</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">//合并自a.js和b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">生成src目录</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">mkdir</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">开始合并文件</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src/a_b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">header</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">trimleading</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">yes</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${concat.note}</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">header</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>在“CMD”界面运行“ant”命令，结果如下：（请确保你的demo中有a.js和b.js）<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4436/2011-8-26-10-53-06" rel="attachment wp-att-4437"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/2011-8-26-10-53-06.png" alt="" title="2011-8-26 10-53-06" width="317" height="167" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4437" /></a><br />
成功运行后你就会发现生成了一个src目录，目录下有个a_b.js文件，文件的第一行注释是//合并自a.js和b.js，完全符合我们构建要求！<br />
这个demo的代码会比上一篇教程复杂了不少，明河来逐个说明下。</p>
<h4>property标签</h4>
<p><strong>property</strong>标签为特性标签，你可以理解为编程语言中的属性或者变量，它起到的作用和变量是类似的，赋值后的property，可以在之后的目标任务内方便的引用。<br />
property有二种数据元素：</p>
<ul>
<li>以名—值对出现的简单数据定义形式，比如demo中的
<property name="concat.note" value="//合并自a.js和b.js" />；</li>
<li><strong>dataType</strong>复杂数据元素，比如fileset，日后会讲解到。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>如何引用property呢？</strong><br />
非常简单，在你需要引用的地方使用<strong>${property名}</strong>即可，比如demo中的${concat.note}。<br />
<strong>property的location属性</strong><br />
property除了value属性外，还有个<strong>location</strong>属性，起到的作用类似，区别是location属性用来保存路径，location带了路径转换功能，会将路径转成绝对路径，如果你的路径是/，它会自动转换成\，这个属性日后会经常用到。比如下面的代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">refund.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">d:/ant-demo/</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">refund.dir2</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">../</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${refund.dir}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${refund.dir2}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>看看输出结果，留意明河取的是代码片段，请根据实际情况做下修改。</p>
<h4>target标签</h4>
<p><strong>target</strong>标签非常的重要，“目标”标签可以理解为一系列任务标签的容器，是对任务的隐式说明，构建文件允许出现多个target，明河的建议是使用更细的target，比如demo中的代码可以修改为：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">refund</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">concat.note</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">value</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">//合并自a.js和b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">depends</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">mkdir,concat</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">mkdir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">生成src目录</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">mkdir</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">concat</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">开始合并文件</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src/a_b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">header</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">trimleading</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">yes</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${concat.note}</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">header</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>这里明河将一个target拆成了多个target，留意属性depends。<br />
depends用于处理目标依赖，比如这里“build”依赖于“mkdir”和“concat”目标，那么ant会优先执行“mkdir”和“concat”然后才执行“build”。这种依赖机制是ant非常重要的处理模式！体现出ant的灵活性！</p>
<h4>task任务标签</h4>
<p>任务是ant构建文件的最小构建块，是构建的实施者，demo中的echo、<strong>concat</strong>都是任务标签，那么ant能完成多少个任务呢，或者说ant有多少构建功能呢？<a href="http://ant.apache.org/manual/index.html">请猛击这里查看</a>，（有个task list）。看了这个任务清单，我想你可以体会到ant究竟有多强大！<br />
明河不会对所有的任务标签进行讲解，只讲解前端常用的几个关键任务标签，下一篇教程将详细讲解concat、mkdir、copy等标签用法。</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bb-item" id="targets">
<div class="content J_Content">
<div class="scroller">
<h2>基础任务标签</h2>
<p>前面二篇教程，主要讲解了ant的基础概念以及二个简单的实际demo，今天这篇文章，明河带大家认识下前端常用的几个ant常用任务标签。</p>
<h3>1.concat：合并文件</h3>
<p>concat标签非常常用，我们前端使用ant的一个核心任务，就是合并js/css文件以减少http请求。</p>
<h4>1.1 concat的主要属性</h4>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>destfile</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>合并后的文件的目标路径，包含文件名</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>overwrite</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>是否允许覆盖目标文件，默认是允许</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>outputencoding</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>输出的目标文件的编码</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>全部属性请看ant的英文文档。</p>
<h4>1.2 header子标签</h4>
<p>第二篇教程的demo，concat标签内有个header标签，这个标签是用来修改输出的目标文件的头部内容，比如你可以在目标前添加一行合并信息注释等，比如下面的代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src/a_b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">header</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">trimleading</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">yes</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">//合并自a.js和b.js</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">header</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>header有个trimleading用于清理行空白的属性比较关键，其他属性明河也不太理解，旧不翻译了，有兴趣的看英文文档。</p>
<h4>1.3 concat的一些demo</h4>
<p><strong>合并指定路径的文件：</strong></p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src/a_b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">path</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">b.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>（PS:path子标签的作用在于指定文件路径。）<br />
<strong>合并特定的文件集合：</strong></p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">test.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">includes</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">*.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>合并src目录下的所有文件，fileset这个标签非常重要，在讲解dataType时会重点说明。<br />
<strong>给目标文件增加文字：</strong><br />
利用header标签，demo已经贴出，不再重复贴出。</p>
<h3>2.mkdir：创建一个新的目录</h3>
<p>比较简单，只有一个属性<strong>dir</strong>，用来指定创建的目录路径，不只是名称哦。<br />
贴个demo：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">mkdir</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${dist}/lib</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>在${dist}（属性引用）下创建一个名为lib的目录。</p>
<h3>3.copy：复制指定文件到指定位置</h3>
<h4>3.1.copy主要属性</h4>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>file</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>必有属性，用于复制的源文件，除非存在fileset等dataType</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>tofile</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>将文件复制到该路径</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>todir</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>将文件复制到该目录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>outputencoding</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>目标文件的编码</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.2.copy的demo</h4>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">copy</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">tofile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src/a.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>将a.js文件复制到src目录下，这里你可以修改文件名哦。</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">copy</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">a</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">todir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>将a.js文件复制到src目录下。</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">copy</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">todir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">src</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">excludes</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">**/*.css</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">copy</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>将src的文件（排除css文件）复制到build目录下。excludes=”**/*.css”的含义在讲解fileset会说明。</p>
<h3>4.delete：删除指定文件（目录）</h3>
<h4>4.1.delete的主要属性</h4>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>file</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>删除的目标文件</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>dir</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>删除的目标目录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>verbose</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>是否显示每个删除的目标文件名称</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>quiet</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>当设置为true，删除的文件或目录出现错误时不抛出任何异常，正常情况下会有删除失败说明</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.2.delete的demo</h4>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">delete</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">/lib/ant.jar</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">delete</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">lib</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>删除ant.jar文件和lib目录。</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">delete</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">.</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">includes</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">**/*.bak</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">delete</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>删除根目录下的所有后缀是.bak的文件。</p>
<h3>5.echo：向ant控制台打印消息</h3>
<p>echo在调试ant任务时非常有用，也可以在任务执行后打印一些任务完成提示消息等。<br />
实际上echo也可以把消息打印到指定文件，形成build日志，只需要指定file参数即可。</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>message</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>想要打印的消息</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>file</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>消息打印到指定文件</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>append</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>将消息追加到已经存在的文件</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>level</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>指定消息的类型，有”error”, “warning”, “info”, “verbose”, “debug” </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>来看典型的echo任务代码:</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">message</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">Hello, world</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">Hello, world</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">dirname</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">current.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">./</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${current.dir}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>echo打印property属性值，是个非常常用的调试技巧。<br />
上述代码中有个dirname，这个任务是用来做啥的呢？接下去看。</p>
<h3>6.dirname：获取文件的目录路径</h3>
<p>dirname只有二个参数：</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>file</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>文件路径</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>property</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>指定属性名称</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>来看下使用代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">test</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">dirname</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">antfile.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ant.file}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">antfile2.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ant.file}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">message</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${antfile.dir}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${antfile2.dir}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>ant.file这个属性是系统自带的，为当前运行的构建文件路径。<br />
明河这里将dirname和property进行比较，二者的输出有明显的区别，dirname只输出目录，property输出完成文件路径，如下图<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4534/2011-10-17-20-36-22" rel="attachment wp-att-4535"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/2011-10-17-20-36-22.png" alt="" title="2011-10-17 20-36-22" width="358" height="149" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4535" /></a></p>
<h3>7.available：验证文件、目录、类的存在性</h3>
<p>available任务在防止ant构建时因为文件或目录不存在导致的错误时非常有用。</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>property</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>属性名</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>value</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>属性值，默认为true</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>file</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>需要验证的文件</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>type</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>file的类型，验证目录(type=”dir”) or 验证文件 (type=”file”)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>示例代码</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">test</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">dirname</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">antfile.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ant.file}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">ui</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${antfile.dir}/ui.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">available</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ui}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">type</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">file</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">is</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${is}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>available的value值永远为一个布尔值。</p>
<h3>8.get：从url中获取文件</h3>
<p>get用于快速将远程文件保存到指定位置，不止支持http:协议，ftp:，jar:也都是可以的。</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>src</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>源url</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>dest</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>目标路径</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>verbose</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>是否显示下载进度（100 Kb显示一个“.”）</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>usetimestamp</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>显示最后修改时间</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>username</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>‘BASIC’验证页面的用户名</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>password</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>‘BASIC’验证页面的密码</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>来看个demo代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">test</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">dirname</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">antfile.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ant.file}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">get</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">src</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">http://www.36ria.com/</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dest</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${antfile.dir}/36ria-index.html</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">verbose</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">true</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">usetimestamp</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">true</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>运行后，如下图：<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4534/2011-10-18-11-41-55" rel="attachment wp-att-4541"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/2011-10-18-11-41-55.png" alt="" title="2011-10-18 11-41-55" width="454" height="133" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4541" /></a><br />
如果要把一批url保存下来该如何处理呢？</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">get</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dest</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">downloads</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">url</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">url</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">http://ant.apache.org/index.html</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">url</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">url</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">http://ant.apache.org/faq.html</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">get</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<h3>9.local：增加个局部属性</h3>
<p>为了更好说明local用法，明河先贴出demo代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">foo</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">value</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">foo</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">step1</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">Before local: foo is ${foo}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">local</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">foo</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">foo</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">value</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">bar</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">After local: foo is ${foo}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">step2</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">depends</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">step1</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">In step2: foo is ${foo}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>上述代码会输出如下内容：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Gray;">step1:</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> [echo] Before local: foo is foo</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> [echo] After local: foo is bar</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;">step2:</span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> [echo] In step2: foo is foo</span></li></ol></div>
<p>在step1目标中我们定义了<local name="foo"/>，类似编程语言中的局部变量，改变后foo的输出值为bar，不再是原来定义的foo，有意思的是原来的
<property name="foo" value="foo"/>值不会发生改变，step2目标验证了这一点。也就是说在step1内部定义了local 后，foo这个property的修改不会影响外部property的值。<br />
local这个任务在sequential（循环）中非常常用，讲到sequential时再演示其用法。</p>
<h3>10.touch：创建文件，并可以修改文件修改时间</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>file</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>文件名称</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>datetime</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>指定文件修改时间</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">touch</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">myfile</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>创建一个myfile文件，最后修改时间为当前时间。</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">touch</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">myfile</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">datetime</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">18/10/2010 2:02 pm</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>创建一个myfile文件，最后修改时间为18/10/2010 2:02 pm。</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bb-item" id="property">
<div class="content J_Content">
<div class="scroller">
<h2>property标签</h2>
<p>property（属性）这个标签很常用，当你在build.xml中定义了property，任务可以随意的引用该property，比如以下代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">author</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">value</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">minghe</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">test</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">${author}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>当你要引入property，只要使用<strong>${property}</strong>语法即可。</p>
<h3>properties文件的使用</h3>
<p>考虑以下需求：build.xml需要提供给第三方使用，第三方本机的代码路径一般都不一样，如果让第三方自己去修改build.xml的路径配置（假如在你的build.xml中有类似
<property name="assets.dir" location=""/>的定义），正好该用户不懂得ant，那么面对build.xml，他将无所适从。能不能将配置独立成一个文件，用户只要改那个配置文件即可呢？</p>
<p>ant的.properties文件恰恰解决这个需求。</p>
<p>在build.xml同级目录下建立个build.properties（文件名任意）；</p>
<p>键入如下示例代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Blue;">assets</span><span style="color: Gray;">.</span><span style="color: Blue;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;"> = </span><span style="color: Blue;">d</span><span style="color: Gray;">:\</span><span style="color: Blue;">www</span><span style="color: Gray;">\</span><span style="color: Blue;">htdocs</span><span style="color: Gray;">\</span><span style="color: Blue;">ant</span><span style="color: Gray;">-</span><span style="color: Blue;">demo</span></li></ol></div>
<p>打开你的build.xml，插入如下代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build.properties</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>property的<strong>file</strong>属性指向<strong>build.properties</strong>文件，那么ant在执行build.xml前会去找这个文件，build.properties内的属性会覆盖build.xml内的同名属性。</p>
<p>假设你的build.xml有如下property：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">assets.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">c:\demo</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>你可以试下<echo>${assets.dir}</echo>，输出的将是build.properties文件内property值。</p>
<h3>value属性和location属性的区别</h3>
<p>这二个属性很容易混淆，不少朋友向明河询问，有了value，为什么还需要location呢？二者的作用不是一样的吗？</p>
<p>是的，value和location的功能是接近的，都是property的值，但有些小的区别，如果你的property存储的是路径，那么明河推荐使用location属性，location属性会对路径进行转换，永远返回绝对路径形式。来看实际代码：</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">dirname</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">current.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ant.file}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">assets.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${current.dir}/2.0/</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">assets.dir2</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">value</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${current.dir}/2.0/</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">location</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">location:${assets.dir}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">value:${assets.dir2}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>输出的结果如下：<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4584/2011-11-3-18-43-07" rel="attachment wp-att-4586"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2011-11-3-18-43-07.png" alt="" title="2011-11-3 18-43-07" width="467" height="160" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4586" /></a><br />
留意标黄部分的差异，当你使用location属性时，值内所有的“/”都会更换为“\”（即绝对路径的形式），而且还会去掉路径中多余的“/”。所以当你使用location属性存储路径信息时更为安全。</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bb-item" id="dataType">
<div class="content J_Content">
<div class="scroller">
<h2>dataType的用法</h2>
<p>这是ant理论部分的最后一章，也是非常重要的一章，明河将介绍ant中常用的几种dataType的用法。<br />
dataType可以理解为复杂数据集合，比如特定规则的文件列表集合。</p>
<h4>ant的所有dataType标签</h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>fileset</strong>：定义一个文件集合列表，这些文件必须确实存在</li>
<li><strong>filelist</strong>：定义一个文件集合列表，这些文件无需确实存在</li>
<li><strong>path</strong>：以某种在不同操作系统间可移植的方式指定路径</li>
<li><strong>patternset</strong>：将一组模式分组在一起</li>
<li><strong>argument</strong>：对于由一个ant构建文件调用的程序，向其传递命令行参数（标签名是arg）</li>
<li><strong>filterlist</strong>：将一组过滤器分组在一起</li>
<li><strong>mapper</strong>：定义一组输入文件和一组输出文件间的复杂关系</li>
<li><strong>environment</strong>：于由一个ant构建文件调用的程序，向其传递环境变量</li>
</ul>
<p>必须掌握的是：<strong>fileset</strong>、<strong>filelist</strong>、<strong>path</strong>、<strong>argument</strong>、<strong>patternset</strong>。</p>
<ul class="tow-columns clearfix">
<li class="l"><a href="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=223" title="名称：ant的demo，下载次数：175，文件大小：38.94 kB" class="btn-download">点此下载</a></li>
<li class="l"></li>
</ul>
<h4>fileset</h4>
<p>fileset和filelist（下面会讲到），功能上非常相近，都是用于获取一组文件列表，二者的不同之处在于fileset内的文件必须存在，filelist则没这要求；fileset的属性也比filelist更为的丰富，所以功能上更为的强大，一般使用fileset来获取文件。</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>dir</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>fileset的基目录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>dir</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>fileset的基目录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>casesensitive</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>如果为false，那么匹配文件名时不区分大小写，默认为true</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>defaultexcludes</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>是否使用默认的排除模式，默认为true。默认的排除模式会把一些版本控制的文件夹或文件排除</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>excludes</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>排除指定的文件列表（用逗号隔开）</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>excludesfile</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>排除指定的文件</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>includes</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>需要包含的文件列表（用逗号隔开）</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>includesfile</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>包含指定的文件</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>接下来来看几个demo，假设demo目录如图所示：<br />
<a href="http://www.36ria.com/4591/uploader-dir" rel="attachment wp-att-4629"><img src="http://www.36ria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/uploader-dir.png" alt="" title="uploader-dir" width="204" height="418" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4629" /></a></p>
<h5>任务1：合并uploader目录下的所有文件</h5>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><?</span><span style="color: Green;">xml</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">version</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">1.0</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">?></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">uploader</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">default</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build-all</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #ffa500;"><!--基目录--></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">dirname</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">current.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">file</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${ant.file.uploader}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">property</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">uploader.dir</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">location</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${current.dir}/uploader</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build-all</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">dir:${current.dir}</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">uploader.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">encoding</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">utf8</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">outputencoding</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">utf8</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${uploader.dir}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">includes</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">**/*.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">project</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>concat（合并）这个任务标签，明河之前有讲过了，与之前写的demo不同的是，concat内增加了fileset。由于我们的需求是合并uploader目录下的所有js，所以uploader下文件不少，明显不可能单独一个个写path，这时候就需要用到fileset，获取文件列表集合。</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${uploader.dir}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">includes</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">**/*.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li></ol></div>
<p>fileset会获取${uploader.dir}（该属性引用指向uploader目录）下所有的js，通过<strong>includes=”**/*.js”</strong>包含所有js。<br />
也许你会对<strong>**/*</strong>感到疑惑，明河下面做个说明。</p>
<h5>包含和排除模式语法：</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>*</strong>：匹配0或多个字符，比如*.js匹配minghe.js、taobao.js但不匹配minghe.css</li>
<li><strong>?</strong>：匹配1个字符，比如mingh?.js，匹配minghe.js、minghg.js，但不匹配minghe36.js</li>
<li><strong>**</strong>：匹配0或多个目录，比如/minghe/**，匹配/minghe/下的任意目录，**/*.js匹配任意目录下的所有js文件</li>
</ul>
<h5>使用patternset标签</h5>
<p>除了使用属性外，fileset还支持0到n个嵌套<strong>patternset</strong>元素，比如<code>exclude</code>、<code>include</code>等，关于patternset会在下面讲解到，这里先贴出修改后的demo。</p>
<div class="hl-surround"><ol class="hl-main ln-show" title="Double click to hide line number." ondblclick = "linenumber(this)"><li class="hl-firstline"><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">build-all2</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span><span style="color: Gray;">build-all2</span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">echo</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">destfile</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">uploader2.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">encoding</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">utf8</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">outputencoding</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">utf8</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">dir</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">${uploader.dir}</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">include</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">**/*.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"><</span><span style="color: Green;">exclude</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: #00008b;">name</span><span style="color: Gray;">=</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Red;">demo/*.js</span><span style="color: #8b0000;">"</span><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;">/></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">fileset</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">concat</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li>
<li><span style="color: Gray;"> </span><span style="color: Olive;"></</span><span style="color: Green;">target</span><span style="color: Olive;">></span></li></ol></div>
<p>这里的demo代码，与上一个demo相比，增加了一个排除文件模式，demo目录下的js文件，显然我们不需要，可以通过<code>exclude</code>标签予以排除</p>
<h4>filelist</h4>
<p>filelist通常与dependset任务一同使用，dependset任务用于将一个或多个源文件和1个或多个目标文件相比较，如果源文件存在更新或者删除，那么所有目标文件将将被删除。dependset用于确保文件的依赖性。</p>
<h5>filelist的属性</h5>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>dir</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>fileset的基目录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>files</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>用逗号隔开的文件列表</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>refid</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>对某处定义的一个filelist的引用，这对于希望多次复用一个定义的文件列表，非常有用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>filelist的使用率不高，明河这里偷个懒，不再制作个独立的demo。 </p>
<h4>path</h4>
<p>path在java打包编译中常用到，可以以属性（多个路径用冒号或分号隔开）或嵌套元素的方式。<br />
path用于转换路径为当前用户操作系统可兼容的路径。（path dataType并不只有<code>
path</code>元素，还有<code>classpath</code>等形式标签）。</p>
<h5>当path以标签的形式出现时，拥有以下属性：</h5>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="tab1">
<colgroup>
<col width="160">
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>属性</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>说明</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>location</strong></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>表示一个文件或目录</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p><strong>path</strong></p>
</td>