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quarks_a.htm
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="fr">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<TITLE>The quarks.</TITLE>
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Electrons as spherical standing waves explaining all matter particles and all physical laws.">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="wave structure of matter, standing waves, gravity, relativity, Michelson, Lorentz transformation, electron, atom, light, forces, nuclear, fields, magnetism">
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#E1E1E1>
<P align=center><font face="Times New Roman" size="6">THE QUARKS</font></P>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td>
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark01.gif" width="200" height="200"></td>
<td>
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark02.gif" width="200" height="200"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<P align=center>Two electrons and two positrons may produce a quark.</font></P>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left"> </p>
<p align="left"><a href="quarks.htm">En français.</a> <a href="quarks.htm"><img border="0" src="images/quebecois.gif" width="60" height="40"></a>
<a href="quarks.htm"><img border="0" src="images/francais.gif" width="60" height="40"></a></p>
<p align="left">by Gabriel LaFreniere.
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>
Main page : <a href="matter.htm">Matter is made of waves.</a></p>
<div align="left">
<table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="80%">
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="michelson_a.htm">The Michelson interferometer.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<a href="magnetic.htm">Magnetic fields.</a></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<a href="light.htm">Light.</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="lorentz_a.htm">The Lorentz transformation.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="standingwaves.htm">Standing waves.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="gravity.htm">Gravity.</a></u></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<a href="relativity.htm">The theory of Relativity.</a></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="electrons_a.htm">The Electrons.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<font color="#000000"><a href="mechanics.htm">Wave mechanics.</a></font></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#808080">The Quarks.</font></font></td>
<td align="left"> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center"> </p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%"><center><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left"> </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span lang="FR-CA">These
pages were first made in french. My knowledge of English is not too bad,
but I prefer let somebody else translate them.</span>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span lang="FR-CA">I
thought that in the meantime you would like to examine the following
images and animations.</span><p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span lang="FR-CA">If
this is your first access to these pages, perhaps you would like to read
<a href="matter.htm">the main page</a>, which is already translated. It shows that matter is purely
made out of electrons, which are pseudo-standing waves. Thus quarks are
nothing else but two or more electrons or positrons put together.
Because their waves always interfere, this always produces a gluonic
field too.</span></font></center></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center"> </p>
</font>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="5">Please note</font></p>
<P align=center><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">that this page only tries
to figure how electrons or positrons should be placed inside quarks.</font></P>
<P align=center><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The following images and
animations are only assumptions.</font></P>
<P align=center><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font></P>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<center>
<p align="left"><b>Matter is made of waves.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">We
know since Louis de Broglie that matter particles behave as waves. Indisputably,
matter is dissimulating waves, and those waves should be spherical
standing waves.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Let's
make it perfectly clear : there is no alternative. At this stage, it is not an assumption, it is a certainty.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">On
the other hand, an electron isn't a metal marble covered in chrome. An
electron cannot be made of matter. It is rather matter that is made of
electrons. </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">So,
while two electrons are put together the result will be as follows :</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </p>
</center>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td>
<p align="center">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<img border="0" src="images/lumiere03.gif" width="300" height="205">
</font>
</td>
<td>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><img border="0" src="images/lumiere04.gif" width="381" height="205">
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="center"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<center>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Note
the concentric ellipsoids, and hyperboloids. Because each electron is
made of both ingoing and outgoing waves, their addition produces
additionnal standing waves, <b><i>not interferences</i></b>. </p>
<p align="left"><b>Gluonic fields.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">So
those additionnal standing waves will produce additionnal matter as
gluonic fields, the amplification process making their energy or mass
hundreds of times more important than the mass of one electron.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">It
should be pointed out that a neutron is about 939 times heavier than an
electron, while containing only three quarks, which may contain not more
than two or four electrons. </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">You
will find more information concerning this amplification process and
other mechanisms such as shade effect and radiation pressure at the page
on <a href="mechanics.htm">wave mechanics</a>.</p>
</center><p align="left"><b>Privileged directions.</b></p>
<center>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">An
electron alone is radiating equally its energy in all directions. Thus
the radiation pressure cancels exactly the shade effect.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Any
attraction ou repulsion effect must be the result of a difference
between those two effects. The
computer program shows that two electrons must radiate most of their
energy on the axis, because the gluon's standing waves are mainly directed perpendicular to the
axis :</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </p>
</center>
</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td>
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/mecanique06a.gif" width="438" height="200">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">A
guonic field is mainly the waves present on the axis. The energy of aether waves is used to amplify this system, so their radiation pressure
is weakened afterwards. Waves propagating towards the system are not,
and so any object is pushed towards it : this is the "shade
effect".
</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
</p>
</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center">
<img border="0" src="images/mecanique06.gif" width="476" height="256">
</p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="center">A gluonic field.</p>
</font>
<p align="center">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font>
</p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left"><b>Gluonic and electrostatic fields.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Gluonic
fields are different from electrostatic fields because the electron's
outgoing waves are stronger than its ingoing waves at long distances.
Nevertheless, an electrostatic field is working roughly in the same
manner, assuming that the distance between electrons is billions of
wavelengths longer.</p>
<p align="left"><b>Gluonic fields are very weak at very short distances.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">There
are only a few wavelength distance between electrons inside a quark, but
the distance between the three quarks in a neutron is significantly
longer. This explains why gluonic fields are mainly the result of the
quarks' association. </p>
<p align="left"><b>An interlocking effect.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">At
very short distance, the normal repulsion effect between two electrons
alternate with a null effect, or at least with a weaker repulsion
effect. Then one can show that two electrons and two positrons placed at
right angles can interlock themselves in a very stable way.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">This
might produce a quark, albeit some periodic attraction effects in some
directions would attract other particles, which would destroy it. This
is why quarks would be much more stable while cancelling these periodic
attraction effects seen as "colour
charges". </p>
<p align="left"><b>Electrons and positrons in colliders.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Scientists
always speak about "annihilation" while colliding electrons
and positrons. It is a well known fact that this produces quarks, and so
one may think that quarks are only made out of electrons or positrons.
On the other hand protons and neutrons are made out of quarks. So
scientists should admit that matter might be only made out of electrons.
Why not ?
</p>
<p align="left"><b>Quarks mechanics.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">So
let's see what electrons are capable of. The computer program shows that
they behave in many different ways depending on their distance and
position :
</p>
</font> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center"> </p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td align="center">
<p align="center">
<img border="0" src="images/quark01.gif" width="200" height="200">
</td>
<td align="center">
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark02.gif" width="200" height="200">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0,25 </font><font size="4" face="Symbol">l</font>
</td>
<td align="center">
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0,82 </font><font size="4" face="Symbol">l</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">
<img border="0" src="images/quark03.gif" width="200" height="200">
</td>
<td align="center">
<img border="0" src="images/quark04.gif" width="200" height="200">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1,75 </font><font size="4" face="Symbol">l</font>
</td>
<td align="center">
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7,25 </font><font size="4" face="Symbol">l</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2 electrons and 2
positrons.</font></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left"><b>Two electrons, or one electron and one
positron.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The
quark on the left is made of an electron and a positron. It seems to
move sideways but in facts it radiates most of its energy towards the
left side. This might produce a reaction effect and this system should
destroy itself. But two of these systems together could be highly
stable.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> The
one on the right is made of two electrons and it is radiating all of its
energy on the axis. This should produce maximum attraction and repulsion
effects, but another system radiating at right angle would cancel these
effects : </p>
</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center"> </p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td align="center">
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark05.gif" width="200" height="200"></p>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark06.gif" width="200" height="200"></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Left, two electrons
0,7 </font><font face="Symbol" size="4">l</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">.
Right : one electron and one positron, 0,25 </font><font face="Symbol" size="4">l</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">.</font></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<center>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left"><b>Colliding electrons can produce additional matter.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">According
to <a href="mechanics.htm">wave mechanics</a>, electrons contain active
and reactive mass. Dividing its waves in two parts, frontward and
backward, the Dopper effets highly compresses those propagating
frontward. Thoses compressed waves are much more energetic, and they are
present as well in front of an electron as at the rear, like this
: </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </p>
</font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td>
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark10.gif" width="639" height="151"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> Left : active mass.
Centre : reactive mass. Right, the whole electron at 0,866 c.</font>
</p>
<p align="center">
</p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<center>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">So
two electrons colliding at 0,866 c will produce a much more intense set
of standing waves. On the left one elecron is shown neglecting its
reactive mass. On the right the addition of active masses of two
electrons produces a "virtual particle".</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Note
that two electrons will produce exactly the same pattern two times,
while approaching or while moving away.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </p>
</font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark10b.gif" align="center" width="350" height="255"></td>
<td align="center"><img border="0" src="images/quark10c.gif" align="center" width="350" height="255"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Left : the electron's
active mass. Right : two
electrons, as a "virtual particle".</font>
</p>
<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font>
</p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<center>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left">The <b>Airy disk.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">This
virtual particle can create two more electrons because its curved parts
will radiate most of its energy toward two points where the existing
electrons are not, in a similar way as in a telescope. This system
should produce first two Airy disks somewhat spherical, thus two partial
"Airy spheres" quite different from the regular Airy disk,
mainly because they will be made out of standing waves.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">One
can then presume that these semi-spherical Airy disks will soon complete
themselves and become two new electrons, which will stick together as a
quark. Moreover, this system will produce two other Airy spheres while
electrons are moving away. This can explain why quarks are created by
pairs while colliding electrons and positrons. </p>
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<p align="center"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p>
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<p align="left"><b>Electrons explain all.</b></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">This
is from the <a href="matter.htm">main page</a> :</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">"Anyone
knowledgeable in standing waves could rapidly reach the same
conclusions. The waves forming the electrons turned out to be
surprisingly simple. Starting from there, everything falls into place.
Everything can be explained. There are never any anomalies. Never any
exceptions. The formulae are of childish simplicity. Complex equations
are not necessary, and Euclid's geometry is sufficient. We are very far
from the decidedly weird ideas of general Relativity".</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">As
a matter of fact, electrons can explain all.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">So
they must explain quarks.
</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
</p>
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<p align="center"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%">
<tr>
<td width="100%"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><center>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Gabriel
LaFreniere,</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Bois-des-Filion
in Québec.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Last
update december 6, 2003.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-INDENT: 35.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">On
the Internet since september 2002.</p>
</center>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-indent: 35.4pt" align="left">La théorie
de l'Absolu (The theory of Absolute), <span lang="FR-CA" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">©
</span>Luc Lafrenière, may 2000.</p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-indent: 35.4pt" align="left">La matière
est faite d'ondes (Matter is made of waves), <span lang="FR-CA" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">©
</span>Gabriel Lafrenière, june 2002.</p>
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<p align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
<p align="left">Main page (fully translated) : <a href="matter.htm">Matter is made of waves.</a></p>
<div align="left">
<table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="80%">
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="michelson_a.htm">The Michelson interferometer.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<a href="magnetic.htm">Magnetic fields.</a></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<a href="light.htm">Light.</a></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="lorentz_a.htm">The Lorentz transformation.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="standingwaves.htm">Standing waves.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="gravity.htm">Gravity.</a></u></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<a href="relativity.htm">The theory of Relativity.</a></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<u><a href="electrons_a.htm">The Electrons.</a></u></font></td>
<td align="left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<font color="#000000"><a href="mechanics.htm">Wave mechanics.</a></font></font></td>
<td align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span>
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#808080">The Quarks.</font></font></td>
<td align="left"> </td>
</tr>
</table>
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<p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
The new link for this page is : <a href="./quarks_a.htm">http://www.glafreniere.com/quarks_a.htm</a>
</font>
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