Developer documentation improvements

[mattdot]

As a new contributor to this repo I would like detailed developer documentation that includes the following so that I can confidently submit my first PR.

Getting Started

• developer setup instructions
• environment setup
• makefile overview
• quick start guide to compiling and running the provider
• debugging

Contributor Documentation

• Detailed instructions on how contributors can propose new features, bug fixes, or improvements. Should explain the PR process.
• coding standards and style guidelines
• testing guidelines - Requirements for writing tests, types of tests (unit and acceptance), and test coverage expectations
• User documentation expectations - how to write and generate docs using tooling

Architecture

• design philosophy of resources and data sources so that I understand how new resources and data sources should be designed
• ADRs documenting key design decisions, including alternatives considered. Essential for historical context.

Build and Deployment

• CI/CD pipelines documentation
• Release process
• Versioning

Engineering Fundamentals

• Observability and logging
• Security Guidelines and processes

Community and Support documentation

• FAQ
• Developer Support Channels
• Documentation for interacting with maintainers