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VisionMD: An Open-Source Tool for Video-Based Analysis of Motor Function in Movement Disorders

Gabriela T. Acevedo T.1, Florian Lange2, Carolina Calonge1, Robert Peach2, Joshua K. Wong3,5, Diego L. Guarin1,2

1Movement Estimation and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida.
2Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg.
3Fixel Institute for Neurological Disease, University of Florida.
4Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida.
5Department of Neurology, University of Florida.

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Abstract

VisionMD is an innovative, open-source software tool designed to enhance the assessment of motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) through automatic video-based analysis of standardized motor tasks from the MDS-UPDRS Part III. Traditional clinical assessments, while widely used, rely heavily on the expertise of trained raters, which can lead to inconsistencies and limitations in diagnosing and managing early-stage PD. VisionMD addresses these challenges by offering a user-friendly interface that allows clinicians to process videos of motor tasks with minimal technical expertise. The software employs advanced algorithms to automatically detect subjects, track body movements, and quantify kinematic features such as speed and amplitude. In our studies, VisionMD demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability, achieving Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.96 to 1.00 for kinematic features, significantly outperforming traditional MDS-UPDRS scores, which exhibited ICCs around 0.74. By providing objective, consistent, and transparent evaluations of motor function, VisionMD facilitates enhanced clinical decision-making and research capabilities. Furthermore, its local processing capabilities ensure data privacy and security, making it accessible for widespread use in both clinical and research settings. Overall, VisionMD stands as a promising advancement in the objective assessment of motor performance, aiming to improve the standardization and accuracy of evaluations in the management of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders.

Pipeline

Pipeline

Tutorials

Watch the video Watch the video

Download the Tool - MacOs

Download VisionMD

Installation Instructions - MacOs

  1. Unzip the File
    Once downloaded, unzip the file.

  2. Launch the Application
    Double click on VisionMD.

  3. Open the Terminal
    A Terminal window will open, showing some progress while the program starts.

  4. View the Startup Message
    After a few seconds, you will see the following message in the Terminal:

    Django version 4.2.11, using settings 'backend.settings'
    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
  5. Open Google Chrome
    This program has only been tested with Google Chrome; other browsers might provide unexpected behavior.

  6. Access the Application
    In the URL bar, type: http://127.0.0.1:8080 and hit Enter.
    VisionMD will open, and you are now able to use the software.

  7. Close the Application
    Once you are done using VisionMD, return to the Terminal window and hit CONTROL + C.
    Close the Terminal window and then close Google Chrome.

Sample Data

Click to get sample videos to process using VisionMD

Sample Data

Kinematic Measures Sample Data

This data was collected from two cohorts of Parkinson's Disease patients to illustrate VisionMD's capability in assessing the impact of different therapies. Each patient underwent two recording sessions: one with their therapy "on" and another with it "off." The therapies assessed included:

  1. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
  2. Dopaminergic Medication

The Excel file contains each row as a separate recording. For more details and to download the data, visit the Kinematic Data GitHub Page.

A sample code analyzing the sample data is also provided. Analysis includes a paired t-test for each kinematic measure to compare "on" and "off" therapy sessions. This analysis is performed separately for patients undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation and those receiving Dopaminergic Medication, allowing users to assess the effects of each therapy on motor function.

Example code

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import pingouin

# function to highlight significant p-values
# signficance after Bonferroni Correction is set to p-val < 0.05/23 => 0.002
def highlight_pval(val):
    color = 'yellow' if val < 0.002 else ''
    return f'background-color: {color}'

# loading DBS on and off dataframes 
df = pd.read_excel("Sample_Data.xlsx")
off_df = df[df['Condition'].str.contains('off', case=False, na=False)]
on_df = df[df['Condition'].str.contains('on', case=False, na=False)]

features = list(df.columns)[3:]

# paired t-test and statistics for each kinematic feature
results = pd.DataFrame(columns=['meanON', 'sdON', 'meanOFF', 'sdOFF', 'T-val', 'p-val'])
for f in features:
    off = np.array(off_df[f])
    on = np.array(on_df[f])

    ttest_result = pingouin.ttest(on, off, paired=True)

    results.loc[f] = [round(np.mean(on), 5),
                      round(np.std(on), 5),
                      round(np.mean(off), 5),
                      round(np.std(off), 5),
                      round(ttest_result['T'][0], 5), 
                      round(ttest_result['p-val'][0], 5)]

results.style.applymap(highlight_pval, subset=['p-val']).format(precision=5)

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