library.bib

@article{King2017,
abstract = {We demonstrate that exposure to the news media causes Americans to take public stands on specific issues, join national policy conversations, and express themselves publicly—all key components of democratic politics—more often than they would otherwise. After recruiting 48 mostly small media outlets, we chose groups of these outlets to write and publish articles on subjects we approved, on dates we randomly assigned. We estimated the causal effect on proximal measures, such as website pageviews and Twitter discussion of the articles' specific subjects, and distal ones, such as national Twitter conversation in broad policy areas. Our intervention increased discussion in each broad policy area by {\~{}}62.7{\%} (relative to a day's volume), accounting for 13,166 additional posts over the treatment week, with similar effects across population subgroups.},
author = {King, Gary and Schneer, Benjamin and White, Ariel},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2017 - How The Mass Media Activates Public Expression and Influences National Agendas - King, Schneer, White.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
number = {November},
pages = {776--780},
title = {{How The Mass Media Activates Public Expression and Influences National Agendas}},
url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/358/6364/776.full.pdf},
volume = {358},
year = {2017}
}
@book{Cox2001,
author = {Cox, Richard T.},
isbn = {978-0801869822},
title = {{Algebra of Probable Inference}},
year = {2001}
}
@book{Jaynes2003,
author = {Jaynes, Edwin T. and Bretthorst, G. Larry},
isbn = {978-0-521-59271-0},
title = {{Probability theory: the logic of science}},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Braver2001,
abstract = {Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may play a key role in cognitive control by monitoring for the occurrence of response conflict (i.e. simultaneous activation of incompatible response tendencies). Low-frequency responding might provide a minimal condition for eliciting such conflict, as a result of the need to overcome a prepotent response tendency. We predicted that ACC would be selectively engaged during low-frequency responding, irrespective of the specific task situation. To test this hypothesis, we examined ACC activity during the performance of simple choice-discrimination tasks, using rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were scanned while performing three tasks thought to tap different cognitive processes: 'Go/No-go' (response inhibition), 'oddball' (target detection), and two-alternative forced- choice (response selection). Separate conditions manipulated the frequency of relevant task events. Consistent with our hypothesis, the same ACC region was equally responsive to low-frequency events across all three tasks, but did not show differential responding when events occurred with equal frequency. Subregions of the ACC were also identified that showed heightened activity during the response inhibition condition, and on trials in which errors were committed. Task-sensitive activity was also found in right prefrontal and parietal cortex (response inhibition), left superior temporal and tempoparietal cortex (target detection), and supplementary motor area (response selection). Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the ACC serves as a generic detector of processing conflict arising when low-frequency responses must be executed, but also leave open the possibility that further functional specialization may occur within ACC subregions.},
author = {Braver, Todd S and Barch, D M and Gray, J R and Molfese, D L and Snyder, A},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/11.9.825},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2001 - Anterior cingulate cortex and response conflict Effects of frequency, inhibition and errors - Braver et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1047-3211 (Print)$\backslash$n1047-3211 (Linking)},
issn = {1047-3211},
journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Analysis of Variance,Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping: methods,Cerebellum,Cerebellum: physiology,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Conflict (Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology): physiology,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Female,Gyrus Cinguli,Gyrus Cinguli: physiology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Reproducibility of Results},
number = {9},
pages = {825--36},
pmid = {11532888},
title = {{Anterior cingulate cortex and response conflict: Effects of frequency, inhibition and errors}},
volume = {11},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Brown2003,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this experimental study was to supplement and expand on clinical research demonstrating that the provision of social support is associated with lower levels of acute pain.$\backslash$nMETHODS: Undergraduates (52 men and 49 women) performed the cold pressor task either alone or accompanied by a friend or stranger who provided active support, passive support, or interaction. Pain perception was measured on a 10-point scale.$\backslash$nRESULTS: Participants in the active support and passive support conditions reported less pain than participants in the alone and interaction conditions, regardless of whether they were paired with a friend or stranger.$\backslash$nCONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the presence of an individual who provides passive or active support reduces experimental pain.},
author = {Brown, Jennifer L. and Sheffield, David and Leary, Mark R. and Robinson, Michael E.},
doi = {10.1097/01.PSY.0000030388.62434.46},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2003 - Social support and experimental pain - Brown et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1534-7796 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0033-3174 (Linking)},
issn = {00333174},
journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
keywords = {Experimental pain,Pain perception,Social support},
number = {2},
pages = {276--283},
pmid = {12651995},
title = {{Social support and experimental pain}},
volume = {65},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Buck1972,
author = {Buck, R W and Parke, R D},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1972 - Behavioral and physiological response to the presence of a friend or neutral person in two types of stressful situations - Buck,.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
keywords = {Anxiety, Cardiovascular - effects, Skin conductanc},
pages = {143--153},
title = {{Behavioral and physiological response to the presence of a friend or neutral person in two types of stressful situations}},
volume = {24},
year = {1972}
}
@article{Eisenberger2015,
abstract = {Emerging evidence has shown that social pain—the painful feelings that follow from social rejection, exclusion, or loss—relies on some of the same neural regions that process physical pain, highlighting a possible physical- social pain overlap. However, the hypothesis that physical pain and social pain rely on shared neural systems has been contested. This review begins by summarizing research supporting the physical-social pain overlap. Next, three criticisms of this overlap model are presented and addressed by syn- thesizing available research. These criticisms include the suggestions that (a) neural responses to social pain are indicative of conflict detection pro- cesses, rather than distress; (b) all negative affective processes, rather than social pain specifically, activate these pain-related neural regions; and (c)neu- ral responses to social (and physical) pain reflect the processing of salience, rather than hurt. Implications of these findings for understanding social and physical pain are discussed, and key next steps are suggested.},
author = {Eisenberger, Naomi I.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115146},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2015 - Social Pain and the Brain Controversies, Questions, and Where to Go from Here - Eisenberger.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-0-8243-0266-5},
issn = {0066-4308},
journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
keywords = {affective component of,anterior insula,dorsal anterior cingulate cortex,emotional pain,pain,social distress,social-physical pain overlap},
number = {1},
pages = {601--629},
pmid = {25251482},
title = {{Social Pain and the Brain: Controversies, Questions, and Where to Go from Here}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115146},
volume = {66},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Gehring1993,
abstract = {Humans can monitor actions and compensate for errors. Analysis of the human event-related brain potentials (ERPs) accompanying errors provides evidence for a neural process whose activity is specifically associated with monitoring and compensating for erroneous behavior. This error-related activity is enhanced when subjects strive for accurate performance but is diminished when response speed is emphasized at the expense of accuracy. The activity is also related to attempts to compensate for the erroneous behavior.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {http://pss.sagepub.com/content/4/6/385.abstract},
author = {Gehring, William J. and Goss, Brian and Coles, Michael G.H. and Meyer, David E. and Donchin, Emanuel},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x},
eprint = {/pss.sagepub.com/content/4/6/385.abstract},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1993 - A Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation - Gehring et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0956-7976},
issn = {14679280},
journal = {Psychological Science},
number = {6},
pages = {385--390},
pmid = {19725013},
primaryClass = {http:},
title = {{A Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation}},
volume = {4},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Gehring2018,
abstract = {We look back on the events surrounding the genesis of our 1993 article on the error-related negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential that accompanies errors in the performance of speeded-response tasks. Our reminiscences focus on the personal friendships, intellectual influences, and chance occurrences that shaped the article. To put our work in historical context, we consider subsequent trends in neuroimaging, computational modeling, and psychiatry that gave the ERN high visibility and contributed to the longevity of its scientific interest.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Gehring, William J. and Goss, Brian and Coles, Michael G. H. and Meyer, David E. and Donchin, Emanuel},
doi = {10.1177/1745691617715310},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2018 - The Error-Related Negativity - Gehring et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780199940356},
issn = {1745-6916},
journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
keywords = {again to,article on the error-related,bring our group together,cognition,neuroscience,reminisce about our first,we are delighted to},
number = {2},
pages = {200--204},
pmid = {25246403},
title = {{The Error-Related Negativity}},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1745691617715310},
volume = {13},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Dehaene2018,
abstract = {The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative waveform that arises over the front of the scalp immediately after a participant makes a detectable error. The goal of this short article is to describe my serendipitous encounter with this brain signal in 1993-1994 and to briefly review the operation of the underlying error-monitoring system. Recent work suggests that the ERN reflects an internal comparison, by the anterior cingulate cortex, of two signals: an unconscious representation of the ongoing action and a conscious representation of the intended one.},
author = {Dehaene, Stanislas},
doi = {10.1177/1745691618754502},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2018 - The Error-Related Negativity, Self-Monitoring, and Consciousness - Dehaene.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1745691618},
issn = {17456924},
journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
keywords = {cingulate,consciousness,error,metacognition},
number = {2},
pages = {161--165},
pmid = {29592636},
title = {{The Error-Related Negativity, Self-Monitoring, and Consciousness}},
volume = {13},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Jaynes1965,
abstract = {The status of the Gibbs and Boltzmann expressions for entropy has been a matter of some confusion in the literature. We show that: (1) the Gibbs H function yields the correct entropy as defined in phenomenological thermodynamics; (2) the Boltzmann H yields an “entropy” that is in error by a nonnegligible amount whenever interparticle forces affect thermodynamic properties; (3) Boltzmann's other interpretation of entropy, S = k log W, is consistent with the Gibbs H, and derivable from it; (4) the Boltzmann H theorem does not constitute a demonstration of the second law for dilute gases; (5) the dynamical invariance of the Gibbs H gives a simple proof of the second law for arbitrary interparticle forces; (6) the second law is a special case of a general requirement for any macroscopic process to be experimentally reproducible. Finally, the “anthropomorphic” nature of entropy, on both the statistical and phenomenological levels, is stressed.},
author = {Jaynes, Edwin T.},
doi = {10.1119/1.1971557},
issn = {0002-9505},
journal = {American Journal of Physics},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {391--398},
publisher = {American Association of Physics Teachers},
title = {{Gibbs vs Boltzmann Entropies}},
url = {http://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1971557},
volume = {33},
year = {1965}
}
@phdthesis{Cesar2014,
abstract = {Moral and political ideology are intrinsically related with learning processes, personality traits and individual cognitive strategies. Using an adaptive interacting Bayesian agent model we try to understand how characteristics of childhood and adolescent moral learning are related with ideology, personality traits, and cognitive strategies. We assume that the agents moral learning can be divided in two phases. The first phase is a mimic of the learning processes of individuals in childhood and adolescence, in this phase, the model resembles the Bayesian supervised learning, where the strategy to deal with new information changes with the total amount of received information. Later, in the second phase, agents with frozen cognitive strategies discuss public issues, with moral content, and change its opinion motivated to decrease the psychological cost of disagreement with its social partners. Comparing the statistical signatures of agents opinions in the second phase with similar signatures obtained from data of the Moral Foundations Theory Questionnaire, we conclude that our model presents several features that have experimental support. For example, the amount of moral information acquired in the first phase is positively correlated with liberalism. Moreover, agents which are statistically identified as liberal adapt more quickly to changes in society. We also found that with increase of the social pressure parameter, agents statistically identified as liberals will have statistical profiles more similar with conservatives. The methods used in this study, Monte Carlo simulations, mean field approximation, are typical of Statistical Mechanics.},
address = {S{\~{a}}o Paulo},
author = {Cesar, Jonatas},
doi = {10.11606/T.43.2014.tde-30102014-090629},
school = {Universidade de S{\~{a}}o Paulo},
title = {{Mec{\^{a}}nica estat{\'{i}}stica de sistemas de agentes bayesianos: aplica{\c{c}}{\~{a}}o {\`{a}} teoria dos fundamentos morais}},
type = {PhD Thesis},
url = {http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-30102014-090629/pt-br.php},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Gargiulo2008,
abstract = {Many models have been proposed to explain opinion formation in groups of individuals; most of these models study opinion propagation as the interaction between nodes/agents in a social network. Opinion formation is a complex process and a realistic model should also take into account the important feedbacks that the opinions of the agents have on the structure of the social networks and on the characteristics of the opinion dynamics. In this paper we will show that associating to different agents different kinds of interconnections and different interacting behaviours can lead to interesting scenarios, like the coexistence of several opinion clusters, namely pluralism. In our model agents have opinions uniformly and continuously distributed between two extremes. The social network is formed through a social aggregation mechanism including the segregation process of the extremists that results in many real communities. We show how this process affects the opinion dynamics in the whole society. In the opinion evolution we consider the different predisposition of single individuals to interact and to exchange opinion with each other; we associate to each individual a different tolerance threshold, depending on its own opinion: extremists are less willing to interact with individuals with strongly different opinions and to change significantly their ideas. A general result is obtained: when there is no interaction restriction, the opinion always converges to uniformity, but the same is happening whenever a strong segregation process of the extremists occurs. Only when extremists are forming clusters but these clusters keep interacting with the rest of the society, the survival of a wide opinion range is guaranteed.},
author = {Gargiulo, Floriana and Mazzoni, Alberto},
journal = {JASSS},
title = {{Can extremism guarantee pluralism?}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com/research/extremism-guarantee-pluralism},
year = {2008}
}
@article{VandeVyver2016,
abstract = {Major terrorist events, such as the recent attacks in Ankara, Sinai, and Paris, can have profound effects on a nation's values, attitudes, and prejudices. Yet psychological evidence testing the impact of such events via data collected immediately before and after an attack is understandably rare. In the present research, we tested the independent and joint effects of threat (the July 7, 2005, London bombings) and political ideology on endorsement of moral foundations and prejudices among two nationally representative samples (combined N = 2,031) about 6 weeks before and 1 month after the London bombings. After the bombings, there was greater endorsement of the in-group foundation, lower endorsement of the fairness-reciprocity foundation, and stronger prejudices toward Muslims and immigrants. The differences in both the endorsement of the foundations and the prejudices were larger among people with a liberal orientation than among those with a conservative orientation. Furthermore, the changes in endorsement of moral foundations among liberals explained their increases in prejudice. The results highlight the value of psychological theory and research for understanding societal changes in attitudes and prejudices after major terrorist events.},
author = {{Van de Vyver}, Julie and Houston, Diane M. and Abrams, Dominic and Vasiljevic, Milica},
doi = {10.1177/0956797615615584},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Boosting Belligerence How the July 7, 2005, London Bombings Affected Liberals' Moral Foundations and Prejudice - Van de Vyver e.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0956-7976},
issn = {14679280},
journal = {Psychological Science},
keywords = {morality,prejudice,terrorism,threat},
number = {2},
pages = {169--177},
pmid = {26674127},
title = {{Boosting Belligerence: How the July 7, 2005, London Bombings Affected Liberals' Moral Foundations and Prejudice}},
volume = {27},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Cialdini2004a,
abstract = {This review covers recent developments in the social influence literature, focusing primarily on compliance and conformity research published between 1997 and 2002. The principles and processes underlying a target's susceptibility to outside influences are considered in light of three goals fundamental to rewarding human functioning. Specifically, targets are motivated to form accurate perceptions of reality and react accordingly, to develop and preserve meaningful social relationships, and to maintain a favorable self-concept. Consistent with the current movement in compliance and conformity research, this review emphasizes the ways in which these goals interact with external forces to engender social influence processes that are subtle, indirect, and outside of awareness.},
author = {Cialdini, Robert B. and Goldstein, Noah J.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2004 - Social Influence Compliance and Conformity - Cialdini, Goldstein(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0066-4308},
issn = {0066-4308},
journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
keywords = {1997 and 2002,and conformity research published,ature,between,covers recent developments in,door-in-the-face,focusing primarily on compliance,foot-in-the-door,motivation,norms,obedience,s abstract this review,s susceptibility to out-,the principles and processes,the social influence liter-,underlying a target},
number = {1},
pages = {591--621},
pmid = {14744228},
title = {{Social Influence: Compliance and Conformity}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015},
volume = {55},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Campbell-Meiklejohn2010,
abstract = {The opinions of others can easily affect how much we value things. We investigated what happens in our brain when we agree with others about the value of an object and whether or not there is evidence, at the neural level, for social conformity through which we change object valuation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we independently modeled (1) learning reviewer opinions about a piece of music, (2) reward value while receiving a token for that music, and (3) their interaction in 28 healthy adults. We show that agreement with two "expert" reviewers on music choice produces activity in a region of ventral striatum that also responds when receiving a valued object. It is known that the magnitude of activity in the ventral striatum reflects the value of reward-predicting stimuli [1-8]. We show that social influence on the value of an object is associated with the magnitude of the ventral striatum response to receiving it. This finding provides clear evidence that social influence mediates very basic value signals in known reinforcement learning circuitry [9-12]. Influence at such a low level could contribute to rapid learning and the swift spread of values throughout a population. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {Campbell-Meiklejohn, Daniel K. and Bach, Dominik R. and Roepstorff, Andreas and Dolan, Raymond J. and Frith, Chris D.},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.055},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2010 - How the opinion of others affects our valuation of objects - Campbell-Meiklejohn et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1879-0445 (Electronic)$\backslash$n0960-9822 (Linking)},
issn = {09609822},
journal = {Current Biology},
keywords = {SYSNEURO},
number = {13},
pages = {1165--1170},
pmid = {20619815},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{How the opinion of others affects our valuation of objects}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.055},
volume = {20},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Eisenberger2012,
abstract = {Experiences of social rejection, exclusion or loss are generally considered to be some of the most 'painful' experiences that we endure. Indeed, many of us go to great lengths to avoid situations that may engender these experiences (such as public speaking). Why is it that these negative social experiences have such a profound effect on our emotional well-being? Emerging evidence suggests that experiences of social pain--the painful feelings associated with social disconnection--rely on some of the same neurobiological substrates that underlie experiences of physical pain. Understanding the ways in which physical and social pain overlap may provide new insights into the surprising relationship between these two types of experiences.},
author = {Eisenberger, Naomi I.},
doi = {10.1038/nrn3231},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2012 - The pain of social disconnection Examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain - Eisenberger.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1471-003X},
issn = {1471003X},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
number = {6},
pages = {421--434},
pmid = {22551663},
title = {{The pain of social disconnection: Examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain}},
volume = {13},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Eisenberger2004,
abstract = {Numerous languages characterize 'social pain', the feelings resulting from social estrangement, with words typically reserved for describing physical pain ('broken heart', 'broken bones') and perhaps for good reason. It has been suggested that, in mammalian species, the social-attachment system borrowed the computations of the pain system to prevent the potentially harmful consequences of social separation. Mounting evidence from the animal lesion and human neuroimaging literatures suggests that physical and social pain overlap in their underlying neural circuitry and computational processes. We review evidence suggesting that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a key role in the physical-social pain overlap. We also suggest that the physical-social pain circuitry might share components of a broader neural alarm system.},
author = {Eisenberger, Naomi I. and Lieberman, Matthew D.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2004 - Why rejection hurts A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain - Eisenberger, Lieberman.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1364-6613 (Print)},
issn = {13646613},
journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
number = {7},
pages = {294--300},
pmid = {15242688},
title = {{Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain}},
volume = {8},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Park2015,
abstract = {Four studies demonstrated that social exclusion caused a shift from promotion toward prevention motivation. Lonely individuals reported stronger prevention motivation and weaker promotion motivation than non-lonely individuals (Study 1). Those who either recalled an experience of social exclusion or were ostracized during an on-line ball tossing game reported stronger prevention motivation and generated fewer goal-promoting strategies (Studies 2 and 3) than those who were not excluded. Last, a hypothetical scenario of social exclusion caused a conservative response bias, whereas a scenario of social acceptance yielded a risky response bias in a recognition task (Study 4).},
author = {Park, Jina and Baumeister, Roy F.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2014.09.011},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2015 - Social exclusion causes a shift toward prevention motivation - Park, Baumeister.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-1031},
issn = {10960465},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology},
keywords = {Motivation,Need to belong,Regulatory focus,Social exclusion},
pages = {153--159},
title = {{Social exclusion causes a shift toward prevention motivation}},
volume = {56},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Garten2018,
abstract = {Theory-driven text analysis has made extensive use of psychological concept dictionaries, leading to a wide range of important results. These dictionaries have generally been applied through word count methods which have proven to be both simple and effective. In this paper, we introduce Distributed Dictionary Representations (DDR), a method that applies psychological dictionaries using semantic similarity rather than word counts. This allows for the measurement of the similarity between dictionaries and spans of text ranging from complete documents to individual words. We show how DDR enables dictionary authors to place greater emphasis on construct validity without sacrificing linguistic coverage. We further demonstrate the benefits of DDR on two real-world tasks and finally conduct an extensive study of the interaction between dictionary size and task performance. These studies allow us to examine how DDR and word count methods complement one another as tools for applying concept dictionaries and where each is best applied. Finally, we provide references to tools and resources to make this method both available and accessible to a broad psychological audience.},
author = {Garten, Justin and Hoover, Joe and Johnson, Kate M. and Boghrati, Reihane and Iskiwitch, Carol and Dehghani, Morteza},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0875-9},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2018 - Dictionaries and distributions Combining expert knowledge and large scale textual data content analysis Distributed dictionary re.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Dictionary-based text analysis,Methodological innovation,Semantic representation,Text analysis},
number = {1},
pages = {344--361},
pmid = {28364281},
publisher = {Behavior Research Methods},
title = {{Dictionaries and distributions: Combining expert knowledge and large scale textual data content analysis: Distributed dictionary representation}},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Garten2016,
abstract = {Expressions of moral sentiment play a fundamental role in political framing, social solidarity, and basic human motivation. Moral rhetoric helps us com- municate the reasoning behind our choices, how we feel we should govern, and the communities to which we belong. In this paper, we use short- post social media to compare the accuracy of text analysis methods for detecting moral rhetoric and longer form political speeches to explore detecting shifts in that rhetoric over time. Building on previ- ous work using word count methods and the Moral Foundations Dictionary [Graham et al., 2009], we make use of pre-trained distributed representations for words to extend this dictionary. We show that combining the MFD with distributed representa- tions allows us to capture a cleaner signal when detecting moral rhetoric, particularly with short- form text. We further demonstrate how the addition of distributed representations can simplify dictio- nary creation. Finally, we demonstrate how captur- ing moral rhetoric in text over time opens up new avenues for research such as assessing when and how arguments become moralized and how moral rhetoric impacts subsequent behavior.},
author = {Garten, Justin and Boghrati, Reihane and Hoover, Joe and Johnson, Kate M. and Dehghani, Morteza},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Morality Between the Lines Detecting Moral Sentiment In Text - Garten et al.pdf:pdf},
journal = {proceedings of IJCAI 2016 workshop on Computational Modeling of Attitudes},
keywords = {Ideology,Measures},
title = {{Morality Between the Lines: Detecting Moral Sentiment In Text}},
url = {http://staff.vbi.vt.edu/swarup/wcma2016/morality-lines-detecting.pdf},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Lieberman2007,
abstract = {Social cognitive neuroscience examines social phenomena and processes using cognitive neuroscience research tools such as neuroimaging and neuropsychology. This review examines four broad areas of research within social cognitive neuroscience: (a) understanding others, (b) understanding oneself, (c) controlling oneself, and (d) the processes that occur at the interface of self and others. In addition, this review highlights two core-processing distinctions that can be neurocognitively identified across all of these domains. The distinction between automatic versus controlled processes has long been important to social psychological theory and can be dissociated in the neural regions contributing to social cognition. Alternatively, the differentiation between internally-focused processes that focus on one's own or another's mental interior and externally-focused processes that focus on one's own or another's visible features and actions is a new distinction. This latter distinction emerges from social cognitive neuroscience investigations rather than from existing psychological theories demonstrating that social cognitive neuroscience can both draw on and contribute to social psychological theory.},
author = {Lieberman, Matthew D.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085654},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2007 - Social Cognitive Neuroscience A Review of Core Processes - Lieberman.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0066-4308 (Print)$\backslash$n0066-4308 (Linking)},
issn = {0066-4308},
journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
keywords = {automaticity,emotion regulation,empathy,mirror,neurons,self-control,social cognition,social neuroscience,theory of mind},
number = {1},
pages = {259--289},
pmid = {17002553},
title = {{Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085654},
volume = {58},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Graham2012,
author = {Graham, Jesse and Haidt, Jonathan and Koleva, Sena and Motyl, Matt and Iyer, Ravi and Wojcik, Sean P. and Ditto, Peter H.},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2012 - Moral foundations theory The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism - Graham et al.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Advances in Experimental Social Psychology},
title = {{Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism}},
url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=2184440},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Haidt2004,
abstract = {Strangeness is fascinating. Medieval maps embellished with fantastical beasts, sixteenth-century wonder chambers filled with natural and technological marvels, even late-twentieth-century supermarket tabloids–all attest to the human fascination with things that violate our basic ideas about reality. The study of morality and culture is therefore an intrinsically fascinating topic. People have created moralities as divergent as those of Nazis and Quakers, headhunters and Jains. And yet, when we look closely at the daily lives of people in divergent cultures, we can find elements that arise in nearly all of them– for example, reciprocity, loyalty, respect for (some) authority, limits on physical harm, and regulation of eating and sexuality. What are we to make of this pattern of similarity within profound difference? Social scientists have traditionally taken two approaches.},
author = {Haidt, Jonathan and Joseph, Craig},
doi = {10.1162/0011526042365555},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2004 - Intuitive ethics how innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues - Haidt, Joseph.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00115266},
issn = {0011-5266},
journal = {Daedalus},
month = {sep},
number = {4},
pages = {55--66},
pmid = {19412522},
title = {{Intuitive ethics: how innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues}},
url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/0011526042365555 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0011526042365555},
volume = {133},
year = {2004}
}
@book{Schrodinger1944,
author = {Schr{\"{o}}dinger, Erwin},
title = {{What is Life}},
year = {1944}
}
@book{Newton1675,
author = {Newton, Isaac},
editor = {Newton, Isaac and Hooke, Robert},
title = {{Isaac Newton letter to Robert Hooke, 1675 [electronic resource]}},
url = {https://digitallibrary.hsp.org/index.php/Detail/objects/9792},
year = {1675}
}
@book{Watts2004,
author = {Watts, Duncan J},
publisher = {WW Norton {\&} Company},
title = {{Six degrees: The science of a connected age}},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Alves2018,
author = {Alves, Felippe and Caticha, Nestor},
journal = {In preparation},
title = {{Entropic Dynamics of Distrust and Opinions of Interacting Agents}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Shore1980,
abstract = {Jaynes's principle of maximum entropy and Kullbacks principle of minimum cross-entropy (minimum directed divergence) are shown to be uniquely correct methods for inductive inference when new information is given in the form of expected values. Previous justifications use intuitive arguments and rely on the properties of entropy and cross-entropy as information measures. The approach here assumes that reasonable methods of inductive inference should lead to consistent results when there are different ways of taking the same information into account (for example, in different coordinate system). This requirement is formalized as four consistency axioms. These are stated in terms of an abstract information operator and make no reference to information measures. It is proved that the principle of maximum entropy is correct in the following sense: maximizing any function but entropy will lead to inconsistency unless that function and entropy have identical maxima. In other words given information in the form of constraints on expected values, there is only one (distribution satisfying the constraints that can be chosen by a procedure that satisfies the consistency axioms; this unique distribution can be obtained by maximizing entropy. This result is established both directly and as a special case (uniform priors) of an analogous result for the principle of minimum cross-entropy. Results are obtained both for continuous probability densities and for discrete distributions.},
author = {Shore, J E and Johnson, R. W},
doi = {10.1109/TIT.1980.1056144},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley//1980 - Axiomatic Derivation of the Principle of Maximum Entropy and the Principle of Minimum Cross Entropy - Shore, Johnson.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0018-9448},
issn = {0018-9448},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {26--37},
pmid = {1056144},
title = {{Axiomatic Derivation of the Principle of Maximum Entropy and the Principle of Minimum Cross Entropy}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1056144/},
volume = {IT-26},
year = {1980}
}
@incollection{Skilling1988,
abstract = {Maximum entropy is presented as a universal method of finding a "best" positive distribution constrained by incomplete data. The generalised entropy Sum (f - m - f log (f/m) ) ) is the only form which selects acceptable distributions f in particular cases. It holds even if f is not normalised, so that maximum entropy applies directly to physical distributions other than probabilities. Furthermore, maximum entropy should also be used to select "best" parameters if the underlying model m has such freedom.},
address = {Dordrecht},
author = {Skilling, John},
booktitle = {Maximum-Entropy and Bayesian Methods in Science and Engineering},
doi = {10.1007/978-94-009-3049-0_8},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1988 - The Axioms of Maximum Entropy - Skilling.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-94-009-3049-0},
pages = {173--187},
publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
title = {{The Axioms of Maximum Entropy}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-009-3049-0{\_}8},
year = {1988}
}
@book{Sivia1998,
abstract = {Statistics lectures have been a source of much bewilderment and frustration for generations of students. This book attempts to remedy the situation by expounding a logical and unified approach to the whole subject of data analysis. This text is intended as a tutorial guide for senior undergraduates and research students in science and engineering. After explaining the basic principles of Bayesian probability theory, their use is illustrated with a variety of examples ranging from elementary parameter estimation to image processing. Other topics covered include reliability analysis, multivariate optimization, least-squares and maximum likelihood, error-propagation, hypothesis testing, maximum entropy and experimental design. The Second Edition of this successful tutorial book contains a new chapter on extensions to the ubiquitous least-squares procedure, allowing for the straightforward handling of outliers and unknown correlated noise, and a cutting-edge contribution from John Skilling on a novel numerical technique for Bayesian computation called 'nested sampling'.},
author = {Sivia, Devinderjit and Skilling, John},
booktitle = {Technometrics},
isbn = {0198568320},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {155},
pmid = {4051},
title = {{Data Analysis: A Bayesian Tutorial}},
volume = {40},
year = {1998}
}
@book{Caticha2012,
author = {Caticha, Ariel},
title = {{Entropic Inference and the Foundations of Physics}},
url = {http://www.albany.edu/physics/ACaticha-EIFP-book.pdf},
year = {2012}
}
@incollection{Simoes2018,
address = {Cham},
author = {Sim{\~{o}}es, Lucas Silva and Caticha, Nestor},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91143-4_13},
editor = {Polpo, Adriano and Stern, Julio and Louzada, Francisco and Izbicki, Rafael and Takada, Hellinton},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2018 - Mean Field Studies of a Society of Interacting Agents - Sim{\~{o}}es, Caticha.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {agent models,entropic dynamics,mean field,social systems},
pages = {131--140},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
series = {Springer Proceedings in Mathematics {\&} Statistics},
title = {{Mean Field Studies of a Society of Interacting Agents}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-91143-4{\_}13},
volume = {239},
year = {2018}
}
@phdthesis{Alves2015,
abstract = {In this work we establish a model for social structure formation based on cognitive characteristics of human beings and how they interact with each other. From neuroscience and social psychology studies, and also relying on technique from statistical mechanics and machine leaning theory, we were able to establish a model of agents who exchange opinions, learn together and choose their partnerships using the information they gather. The social relationship dynamics here introduced is capable of generating complexity on the social structure level and a on opinion distribution in a correlated way. This dynamics gives a parameter representing the degree to which society is organized and allow us to see the phenomena of community formation as a structure requiring a "critical mass" to fixate. These results guided us in proposing a model able to replicate a portion of the behavior observed at the Brazilian plenary through year of voting law projects under different president mandates.},
address = {S{\~{a}}o Paulo},
author = {Alves, Felippe},
doi = {10.11606/D.43.2015.tde-27042015-101234},
keywords = {Information Theory,Neural Networks,Politics,Sociology,Statistical Mechanics},
school = {Universidade de S{\~{a}}o Paulo},
title = {{Quebra de Simetria Espont{\^{a}}nea, Limites Cognitivos e Complexidade de Sociedades}},
type = {MSc Thesis},
url = {http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-27042015-101234/pt-br.php},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Jost2014,
abstract = {The emergence of political neuroscience—an interdisciplinary venture involving political science, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience—has piqued the interests of scholars as well as the mass public. In this chapter, we review evidence pertaining to four areas of inquiry that have generated most of the research in political neuroscience to date: (1) racial prejudice and intergroup relations; (2) the existence of partisan bias and motivated political cognition; (3) the nature of left-right differences in political orientation; and (4) the dimensional structure of political attitudes. Although these topics are well-known to political psychologists, the application of models and methods from neuroscience has renewed interest in each of them and yielded novel insights. There is reason to believe that many other areas of political psychology await similarly promising renewals and that innovative methods will continue to advance our understanding of the physiological processes involved in political cognition, evaluation, judgment, and behavior. We address limitations, criticisms, and potential pitfalls of existing work—including the “chicken-and-egg problem”—and propose an ambitious agenda for the next generation of research in political neuroscience.},
author = {Jost, John T. and Nam, H. Hannah and Amodio, David M. and {Van Bavel}, Jay J.},
doi = {10.1111/pops.12162},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - Political neuroscience The beginning of a beautiful friendship - Jost et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1467-9221},
issn = {0162895X},
journal = {Political Psychology},
keywords = {Ideology,Partisanship,Political neuroscience,Racial prejudice},
number = {SUPPL.1},
pages = {3--42},
title = {{Political neuroscience: The beginning of a beautiful friendship}},
volume = {35},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Richerson2016,
abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Human cooperation is highly unusual. We live in large groups composed mostly of non-relatives. Evolutionists have proposed a number of explanations for this pattern, including cultural group selection and extensions of more general processes such as reciprocity, kin selection, and multi-level selection acting on genes. Evolutionary processes are consilient; they affect several different empirical domains, such as patterns of behavior and the proximal drivers of that behavior. In this target article, we sketch the evidence from five domains that bear on the explanatory adequacy of cultural group selection and competing hypotheses to explain human cooperation. Does cultural transmission constitute an inheritance system that can evolve in a Darwinian fashion? Are the norms that underpin institutions among the cultural traits so transmitted? Do we observe sufficient variation at the level of groups of considerable size for group selection to be a plausible process? Do human groups compete, and do success and failure in competition depend upon cultural variation? Do we observe adaptations for cooperation in humans that most plausibly arose by cultural group selection? If the answer to one of these questions is “no,” then we must look to other hypotheses. We present evidence, including quantitative evidence, that the answer to all of the questions is “yes” and argue that we must take the cultural group selection hypothesis seriously. If culturally transmitted systems of rules (institutions) that limit individual deviance organize cooperation in human societies, then it is not clear that any extant alternative to cultural group selection can be a complete explanation.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
author = {Richerson, Peter and Baldini, Ryan and Bell, Adrian V. and Demps, Kathryn and Frost, Karl and Hillis, Vicken and Mathew, Sarah and Newton, Emily K. and Naar, Nicole and Newson, Lesley and Ross, Cody and Smaldino, Paul E. and Waring, Timothy M. and Zefferman, Matthew},
doi = {10.1017/S0140525X1400106X},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Cultural group selection plays an essential role in explaining human cooperation A sketch of the evidence - Richerson et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1469-1825},
issn = {14691825},
journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
keywords = {Competition,Culture,Evolution,Group selection,Heritable variation,Institutions,Norms},
number = {2016},
pages = {e30},
pmid = {25347943},
title = {{Cultural group selection plays an essential role in explaining human cooperation: A sketch of the evidence}},
volume = {39},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Ipek2018,
abstract = {In the Entropic Dynamics framework quantum theory is derived as an application of the method of maximum entropy. In previous work the entropic dynamics of relativistic quantum scalar fields was formulated in the Schr{\"{o}}dinger functional representation in which the Lorentz symmetry is not manifest. Here the formalism is extended to curved spacetimes. We develop a manifestly covariant approach inspired by the Hamiltonian methods of Dirac, Kuchař, and Teitelboim. The key ingredient is the adoption of a local notion of entropic time in which instants are defined on curved three-dimensional surfaces and time evolution consists of the accumulation of changes induced by local deformations of these surfaces.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1803.07493v1},
author = {Ipek, Selman and Abedi, Mohammad and Caticha, Ariel},
eprint = {arXiv:1803.07493v1},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2018 - Entropic Dynamics of Quantum Scalar Fields in Curved Spacetime - Ipek, Abedi, Caticha.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--22},
title = {{Entropic Dynamics of Quantum Scalar Fields in Curved Spacetime}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Pizarro2003,
abstract = {The social intuitionist model (J. Haidt, 2001) posits that fast and automatic intuitions are the primary source of moral judgments. Conscious deliberations play little causal role; they are used mostly to construct post hoc justifications for judgments that have already occurred. In this article, the authors present evidence that fast and automatic moral intuitions are actually shaped and informed by prior reasoning. More generally, there is considerable evidence from outside the laboratory that people actively engage in reasoning when faced with real-world moral dilemmas. Together, these facts limit the strong claims of the social intuitionist model concerning the irrelevance of conscious deliberation.},
author = {Pizarro, David A. and Bloom, Paul},
doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.193},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2003 - The intelligence of the moral intuitions A comment on Haidt (2001). - Pizarro, Bloom.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0033-295X$\backslash$r1939-1471},
issn = {1939-1471},
journal = {Psychological Review},
number = {1},
pages = {193--196},
pmid = {12529062},
title = {{The intelligence of the moral intuitions: A comment on Haidt (2001).}},
url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.193},
volume = {110},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Greene2009,
abstract = {This article reviews recent advances in the cognitive neuroscience of moral judgment. The field began with studies of individuals who exhibit abnormal moral behavior, including neurological patients and psychopaths. Such studies continue to provide valuable insights, particularly concerning the role of emotion in moral decision-making. Recent functional neuroimaging studies of normal individuals have identified neural correlates of specific emotional processes relevant to moral judgment. A range of studies using diverse methods support a dual-process theory of moral judgment according to which utilitarian moral judgments (favoring the “greater good” over individual rights) are enabled by controlled cognitive processes, while deontological judgments (favoring individual rights) are driven by intuitive emotional responses. Several recent neuroimaging studies focus on the neural bases of mental state attribution in the context of moral judgment. Finally, research in the field of neuroeconomics has focused on neural processing related to cooperation, trust, and fairness.},
author = {Greene, Joshua D.},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2009 - The cognitive neuroscience of moral judgment - Greene.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780262027779},
journal = {The cognitive neurosciences IV},
pages = {1013--1024},
title = {{The cognitive neuroscience of moral judgment}},
url = {http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/14661755/505292463/name/gazzaniga-greene+chap.68.pdf},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Fowler2008,
abstract = {In the past 50 years, biologists have learned a tremendous amount about human brain function and its genetic basis. At the same time, political scientists have been intensively studying the effect of the social and institutional environment on mass political attitudes and behaviors. However, these separate fields of inquiry are subject to inherent limitations that may only be resolved through collaboration across disciplines. We describe recent advances and argue that biologists and political scientists must work together to advance a new science of human nature},
author = {Fowler, Jh and Schreiber, Darren},
doi = {10.1126/science.1158188},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2008 - Biology, politics, and the emerging science of human nature - Fowler, Schreiber.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
number = {November},
pages = {912--914},
pmid = {18988845},
title = {{Biology, politics, and the emerging science of human nature}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/322/5903/912.short},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Caticha2017a,
abstract = {Entropic Dynamics (ED) is a framework in which Quantum Mechanics (QM) is derived as an application of entropic methods of inference. The magnitude of the wave function is manifestly epistemic: its square is a probability distribution. The epistemic nature of the phase of the wave function is also clear: it controls the flow of probability. The dynamics is driven by entropy subject to constraints that capture the relevant physi-cal information. The central concern is to identify those constraints and how they are updated. After reviewing previous work I describe how con-siderations from information geometry allow us to derive a phase space geometry that combines Riemannian, symplectic, and complex structures. The ED that preserves these structures is QM. The full equivalence be-tween ED and QM is achieved by taking account of how gauge symmetry and charge quantization are intimately related to quantum phases and the single-valuedness of wave functions.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1711.02538v1},
author = {Caticha, Ariel},
eprint = {arXiv:1711.02538v1},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2017 - Entropic Dynamics Quantum Mechanics from Entropy and Information Geometry - Caticha.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Entropic Dynamics: Quantum Mechanics from Entropy and Information Geometry}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Alvares2016,
abstract = {Aiming to critically review key research on populism, extremism and media, this article examines some definition aspects of populism as a concept, its relation to 'the people' and points to future directions for research in mainstream – and social media – the terrain where so much of the political is played out. An individualisation of civic cultures has emerged in tandem with the growth of mediated populism through the use of new technologies, with a tendency towards personalisation in the public domain. While the new technological affordances exemplified by Web 2.0 may have contributed to intensified forms of popular engagement, they have been less successful in promoting democratic values, as shown by the results of the May 2014 European Parliamentary elections. Thus, the question as to the type of publics that are 'possible and desirable in present circumstances' (Nolan, 2008: 747) remains valid, for publics can espouse anti-democratic values while nevertheless remaining 'publics'. The fact that the link between the new media and right-wing extremism has been comparatively explored at greater length than that of a religious bend indicates the need to invest in the latter, especially due to home-bred Islamic terrorism increasingly seen as threatening the multiculturalism of various European societies. Several avenues for research are presented to this effect, with a final reflection on the challenge posed by new media to the concept of media populism, both in terms of the Net's market logics and the specificity of its architecture.},
author = {Alvares, Claudia and Dahlgren, Peter},
doi = {10.1177/0267323115614485},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Populism, extremism and media Mapping an uncertain terrain - Alvares, Dahlgren.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0267323115},
issn = {0267-3231},
journal = {European Journal of Communication},
number = {1},
pages = {46--57},
title = {{Populism, extremism and media: Mapping an uncertain terrain}},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0267323115614485},
volume = {31},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Franks2008,
abstract = {One aspect of opinion change that has been of academic interest is the impact of people with extreme opinions (extremists) on opinion dynamics. An agent-based model has been used to study the role of small-world social network topologies on general opinion change in the presence of extremists. It has been found that opinion convergence to a single extreme occurs only when the average number of network connections for each individual is extremely high. Here, we extend the model to examine the effect of positively skewed degree distributions, in addition to small-world structures, on the types of opinion convergence that occur in the presence of extremists. We also examine what happens when extremist opinions are located on the well-connected nodes (hubs) created by the positively skewed distribution. We find that a positively skewed network topology encourages opinion convergence on a single extreme under a wider range of conditions than topologies whose degree distributions were not skewed. The importance of social position for social influence is highlighted by the result that, when positive extremists are placed on hubs, all population convergence is to the positive extreme even when there are twice as many negative extremists. Thus, our results have shown the importance of considering a positively skewed degree distribution, and in particular network hubs and social position, when examining extremist transmission.},
author = {Franks, Daniel W. and Noble, Jason and Kaufmann, Peter and Stagl, Sigrid},
doi = {10.1177/1059712308090536},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2008 - Extremism Propagation in Social Networks with Hubs - Franks et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1059-7123},
issn = {1059-7123},
journal = {Adaptive Behavior},
keywords = {extremism,opinion change,scale free,small world,social networks},
number = {4},
pages = {264--274},
title = {{Extremism Propagation in Social Networks with Hubs}},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1059712308090536},
volume = {16},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Birkhead2017,
abstract = {In this article, we investigate whether it is appropriate to generalize about the ideological and demographic characteristics of American party activists. Many studies on party polarization emphasize the role of activists in encouraging the divisions within the parties, and in so doing, commonly treat activists as a homogeneous group. Here, we show that different forms of political activity attract systematically different types of individuals. Similarly, we show that ideological extremism is more strongly associated with some forms of activism than others. Importantly, we find that extremism is most strongly associated with the forms of activity that are most likely to influence elected officials through the provision of resources, information or support in a nomination. Thus, while our findings broadly support the notion that extremists are more engaged than moderates, we challenge the consensus that the various forms of activism are interchangeable.},
author = {Birkhead, Nathaniel A and Hershey, Marjorie Randon},
doi = {10.1177/1354068817730721},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2017 - Assessing the ideological extremism of American party activists - Birkhead, Hershey.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1354-0688},
journal = {Party Politics},
keywords = {ideological extremism,party activists,party polarization,political participation,political parties},
number = {March},
pages = {135406881773072},
title = {{Assessing the ideological extremism of American party activists}},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354068817730721},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Lake2002,
abstract = {Provided by Bob Lambert for lecture},
author = {Lake, David},
doi = {10.1017/S777777770200002X},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2002 - Rational Extremism Understanding Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century - Lake.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00925853},
journal = {International Organization},
number = {1},
pages = {15--29},
title = {{Rational Extremism: Understanding Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century}},
volume = {1},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Fleming2014,
author = {Fleming, N. C.},
doi = {10.1111/1478-9302.12030},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - Political extremes and extremist politics - Fleming.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14789302},
journal = {Political Studies Review},
keywords = {British national party,Extremism,Islamism,Liberal democracy},
number = {3},
pages = {395--401},
title = {{Political extremes and extremist politics}},
volume = {12},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Graham2010,
abstract = {Social psychologists have often followed other scientists in treating religiosity primarily as a set of beliefs held by individuals. But, beliefs are only one facet of this complex and multidimensional construct. The authors argue that social psychology can best contribute to scholarship on religion by being relentlessly social. They begin with a social-functionalist approach in which beliefs, rituals, and other aspects of religious practice are best understood as means of creating a moral community. They discuss the ways that religion is intertwined with five moral foundations, in particular the group-focused “binding” foundations of Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, Purity/sanctity. The authors use this theoretical perspective to address three mysteries about religiosity, including why religious people are happier, why they are more charitable, and why most people in the world are religious.},
author = {Graham, Jesse and Haidt, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1177/1088868309353415},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2010 - Beyond Beliefs Religions Bind Individuals Into Moral Communities - Graham, Haidt.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1088-8683},
issn = {1088-8683},
journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review},
keywords = {culture,group processes,if a lot of,it,know,morality,motion surrounds a single,object,religion,s often hard to,well-being,when viewing complex phenomena,where to look},
number = {1},
pages = {140--150},
pmid = {20089848},
title = {{Beyond Beliefs: Religions Bind Individuals Into Moral Communities}},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1088868309353415},
volume = {14},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Davis2001,
abstract = {On the basis of principles of balance theory and interdependence theory, this research examined a phenomenon termed attitude alignment, or the tendency of interacting partners to modify their attitudes in such a manner as to achieve attitudinal congruence. The results of three experiments generally were consistent with the proposed model. First, tendencies toward attitude alignment were greater to the extent that attitudinal discrepancies were salient. Second, alignment tendencies were greater to the extent that an issue was central to the partner; there was also evidence that the degree to which an issue was peripheral to the self affected alignment processes (e.g., for changes in centrality of issue, with regard to persuasion methods). Third, degree of alignment tended to be greater in dating-partner interactions than in stranger interactions and tended to be greater among couples with high adjustment than among those with low adjustment.},
author = {Davis, Jody L and Rusbult, Caryl E},
doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.65},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2001 - Attitude alignment in close relationships. - Davis, Rusbult.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-3514},
issn = {0022-3514},
journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
number = {1},
pages = {65--84},
pmid = {11474727},
title = {{Attitude alignment in close relationships.}},
volume = {81},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Task1996,
author = {Bond, Rod and Smith, Peter B.},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1996 - Culture and Conformity A Meta-Analysis of Studies Using Asch' s Line Judgment Task - Bond, Smith.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
number = {1},
pages = {111--137},
title = {{Culture and Conformity: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Using Asch' s Line Judgment Task}},
volume = {119},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Deutsch1955,
abstract = {Several modifications of the Asch experiment in which the S judges the length of lines in the company of a group of "stooges" who carry out the experimenter's instructions are described. These include a face-to-face situation, an anonymous situation, and a group situation, with self-commitment, public commitment and Magic Pad commitment variations. The results indicate that, even when normative social influence in the direction of an incorrect judgment is largely removed (as in the anonymous situation), more errors are made by Ss in experimental groups than by Ss making their judgments when alone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Deutsch, Morton and Gerard, Harold B.},
doi = {10.1037/h0046408},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1955 - A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. - Deutsch, Gerard.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0096-851X(Print)},
issn = {0096-851X},
journal = {The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology},
number = {3},
pages = {629--636},
pmid = {13286010},
title = {{A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment.}},
url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/h0046408},
volume = {51},
year = {1955}
}
@article{Asch1956,
abstract = {The investigations described in this series are concerned with the conditions of independence and lack of independence in the face of group pressure. The abstract temper of present-day theory and investigation in this region rests to a considerable degree on a neglect of the cognitive and emotional experiences that are part of the individual's psychological field. The understanding of social influences will require the study of a wide range of conditions and of the interrelated operations of different psychological functions. A group of seven to nine individuals was gathered in a classroom to take part in what appeared to be a simple experiment in visual discrimination. The subjects were all male, white college students, ranging in age from 17 to 25; the mean age was 20. For certain purposes a large number of critical subjects was required for the present experiment. The present report is based on a total of 123 subjects. The task consisted of the comparison of a standard line with three other lines, one of which was equal in length to the standard. We investigated some of the conditions responsible for independence and lack of independence in the face of arbitrary group pressure. To this end we produced a disagreement between a group and one individual member about a clear and simple issue of fact. The interview, which followed the experimental session, provided qualitative evidence concerning the effects produced by the majority, The particular properties of the experimental situation and their relation to more usual social contradictions were described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Asch, Solomon E.},
doi = {10.1037/h0093718},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1956 - Studies of independence and conformity I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. - Asch.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0096-9753},
issn = {0096-9753},
journal = {Psychological Monographs: General and Applied},
number = {9},
pages = {1--70},
pmid = {25246403},
title = {{Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority.}},
url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/h0093718},
volume = {70},
year = {1956}
}
@article{Abrams1990,
abstract = {We contrast two theoretical approaches to social influence, one stressing interpersonal dependence, conceptualized as normative and informational influence (Deutsch {\&} Gerard, 1955), and the other stressing group membership, conceptualized as self-categorization and referent informational influence (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher {\&} Wetherell, 1987). We argue that both social comparisons to reduce uncertainty and the existence of normative pressure to comply depend on perceiving the source of influence as belonging to one's own category. This study tested these two approaches using three influence paradigms. First we demonstrate that, in Sherif's (1936) autokinetic effect paradigm, the impact of confederates on the formation of a norm decreases as their membership of a different category is made more salient to subjects. Second, in the Asch (1956) conformity paradigm, surveillance effectively exerts normative pressure if done by an in-group but not by an out-group. In-group influence decreases and out-group influence increases when subjects respond privately. Self-report data indicate that in-group confederates create more subjective uncertainty than out-group confederates and public responding seems to increase cohesiveness with in-group - but decrease it with out-group - sources of influence. In our third experiment we use the group polarization paradigm (e.g. Burnstein {\&} Vinokur, 1973) to demonstrate that, when categorical differences between two subgroups within a discussion group are made salient, convergence of opinion between the subgroups is inhibited. Taken together the experiments show that self-categorization can be a crucial determining factor in social influence.},
author = {Abrams, Dominic and Wetherell, Margaret and Cochrane, Sandra and Hogg, Michael A. and Turner, John C.},
doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1990 - Knowing what to think by knowing who you are Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarizat.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0144-6665},
issn = {01446665},
journal = {British Journal of Social Psychology},
month = {jun},
number = {2},
pages = {97--119},
pmid = {2372667},
title = {{Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x},
volume = {29},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Yeung2004,
abstract = {According to a recent theory, anterior cingulate cortex is sensitive to response conflict, the coactivation of mutually incompatible responses. The present research develops this theory to provide a new account of the error-related negativity (ERN), a scalp potential observed following errors. Connectionist simulations of response conflict in an attentional task demonstrated that the ERN--its timing and sensitivity to task parameters--can be explained in terms of the conflict theory. A new experiment confirmed predictions of this theory regarding the ERN and a second scalp potential, the N2, that is proposed to reflect conflict monitoring on correct response trials. Further analysis of the simulation data indicated that errors can be detected reliably on the basis of post-error conflict. It is concluded that the ERN can be explained in terms of response conflict and that monitoring for conflict may provide a simple mechanism for detecting errors.},
author = {Yeung, Nick and Botvinick, Matthew M. and Cohen, Jonathan D.},
doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.939},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2004 - The Neural Basis of Error Detection Conflict Monitoring and the Error-Related Negativity. - Yeung, Botvinick, Cohen.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0033-295X$\backslash$r1939-1471},
issn = {0033-295X},
journal = {Psychological Review},
number = {4},
pages = {931--959},
pmid = {15482068},
title = {{The Neural Basis of Error Detection: Conflict Monitoring and the Error-Related Negativity.}},
url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.939},
volume = {111},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Jaynes1965,
abstract = {The status of the Gibbs and Boltzmann expressions for entropy has been a matter of some confusion in the literature. We show that: (1) the Gibbs H function yields the correct entropy as defined in phenomenological thermodynamics; (2) the Boltzmann H yields an “entropy” that is in error by a nonnegligible amount whenever interparticle forces affect thermodynamic properties; (3) Boltzmann's other interpretation of entropy, S = k log W, is consistent with the Gibbs H, and derivable from it; (4) the Boltzmann H theorem does not constitute a demonstration of the second law for dilute gases; (5) the dynamical invariance of the Gibbs H gives a simple proof of the second law for arbitrary interparticle forces; (6) the second law is a special case of a general requirement for any macroscopic process to be experimentally reproducible. Finally, the “anthropomorphic” nature of entropy, on both the statistical and phenomenological levels, is stressed.},
author = {Jaynes, Edwin T.},
doi = {10.1119/1.1971557},
issn = {0002-9505},
journal = {American Journal of Physics},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {391--398},
title = {{Gibbs vs Boltzmann Entropies}},
url = {http://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1971557},
volume = {33},
year = {1965}
}
@article{Castellano2009,
abstract = {Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {0710.3256},
author = {Castellano, Claudio and Fortunato, Santo and Loreto, Vittorio},
doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591},
eprint = {0710.3256},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2009 - Statistical physics of social dynamics - Castellano, Fortunato, Loreto.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-6861},
issn = {00346861},
journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
number = {2},
pages = {591--646},
pmid = {267197500005},
title = {{Statistical physics of social dynamics}},
volume = {81},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Gilligan2012,
abstract = {The moral domain is broader than the empathy and justice concerns assessed by existing measures of moral competence, and it is not just a subset of the values assessed by value inventories. To fill the need for reliable and theoretically grounded measurement of the full range of moral concerns, we developed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire on the basis of a theoretical model of 5 universally available (but variably developed) sets of moral intuitions: Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. We present evidence for the internal and external validity of the scale and the model, and in doing so we present new findings about morality: (a) Comparative model fitting of confirmatory factor analyses provides empirical justification for a 5-factor structure of moral concerns; (b) convergent/discriminant validity evidence suggests that moral concerns predict personality features and social group attitudes not previously considered morally relevant; and (c) we establish pragmatic validity of the measure in providing new knowledge and research opportunities concerning demographic and cultural differences in moral intuitions. These analyses provide evidence for the usefulness of Moral Foundations Theory in simultaneously increasing the scope and sharpening the resolution of psychological views of morality.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1604.04696v1},
author = {Gilligan, Carol and Graham, Jesse and Nosek, Brian A. and Haidt, Jonathan and Iyer, Ravi and Koleva, Spassena and Ditto, Peter H.},
doi = {10.1037/a0021847.Mapping},
eprint = {arXiv:1604.04696v1},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2012 - Mapping the Moral Domain - Gilligan et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-3514},
issn = {0022-3018},
journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
keywords = {about what,copyediting,correspondence concerning this article,culture,disagree,edu,how can we measure,it has not been,jgraham,means,mfq,moral concerns when people,moral foundations,morality,presented in the,publisher,s disclaimer,scale validation,should be sent to,subjected to the final,the final accepted manuscript,the following manuscript is,the moral foundations questionnaire,to address this problem,values,virginia,we created},
number = {2},
pages = {366--385},
pmid = {21244182},
title = {{Mapping the Moral Domain}},
volume = {101},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Schelling1969,
author = {Schelling, Thomas C.},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1969 - Models of segregation - Schelling.pdf:pdf},
journal = {The American Economic Review},
number = {2},
pages = {488--493},
title = {{Models of segregation}},
volume = {59},
year = {1969}
}
@article{Schelling1971,
abstract = {Somesegregation resultsfrom the practicesof organizations,somefrom specializedcommunication ffstems, somefrom correlation with a variable that is non-random; and some results from the interplayof individual choices.This is an abstract studyof the interactivedynamicsof discriminatory individualchoices.One model is a simulation in which individual members of two recognizable groups distribute themselves in neighborhoods defined by reference to their own locations. A second model is analytic and deals with compartmented space. A final section applies the analytics to 'neighborhood tipping.' The systemic effects are found to be overwhelming: there is no simple correspondence of individual incentive to collective results. Exaggerated separation and patterning resultfrom the dynamics of movement. Inferences about individual motives can usually not be drawn from aggregate patterns. Some unexpected phenomena, like density and vacancy, are generated. A general theory of 'tipping' begins to emerge. People},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {00368075},
author = {Schelling, Thomas C.},
doi = {10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794},
eprint = {00368075},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1971 - Dynamic models of segregation - Schelling.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-250X},
issn = {0022-250X},
journal = {The Journal of Mathematical Sociology},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {143--186},
pmid = {17746758},
title = {{Dynamic models of segregation}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794},
volume = {1},
year = {1971}
}
@article{Sherif1937,
author = {Sherif, Muzafer},
doi = {10.2307/2785261},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1937 - An Experimental Approach to the Study of Attitudes - Sherif.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00380431},
journal = {Sociometry},
month = {jul},
number = {1/2},
pages = {90},
title = {{An Experimental Approach to the Study of Attitudes}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2785261?origin=crossref},
volume = {1},
year = {1937}
}
@article{Axelrod1997,
abstract = {Despite tendencies toward convergence, differences between individuals and groups continue to exist in beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. An agent-based adaptive model reveals the effects of a mechanism of convergent social influence. The actors are placed at fixed sites. The basic premise is that the more similar an actor is to a neighbor, the more likely that that actor will adopt one of the neighbor's traits. Unlike previous models of social influence or cultural change that treat features one at a time, the proposed model takes into account the interaction between different features. The model illustrates how local convergence can generate global polarization. Simulations show that the number of stable homogeneous regions decreases with the number of features, increases with the number of alternative traits per feature, decreases with the range of interaction, and (most surprisingly) decreases when the geographic territory grows beyond a certain size.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {0803973233},
author = {Axelrod, Robert},
doi = {10.1177/0022002797041002001},
eprint = {0803973233},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1997 - The Dissemination of Culture - Axelrod.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00220027},
issn = {00220027},
journal = {The Journal of Conflict Resolution},
number = {2},
pages = {203--226},
pmid = {803973233},
title = {{The Dissemination of Culture}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/174371},
volume = {41},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Axelrod1981,
abstract = {Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {13960/t8jd4qr3m},
author = {Axelrod, Robert and Hamilton, W.},
doi = {10.1126/science.7466396},
eprint = {t8jd4qr3m},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1981 - The evolution of cooperation - Axelrod, Hamilton.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036807518110},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {mar},
number = {4489},
pages = {1390--1396},
pmid = {13321175},
primaryClass = {13960},
title = {{The evolution of cooperation}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.7466396},
volume = {211},
year = {1981}
}
@article{Greene2002,
abstract = {Moral psychology has long focused on reasoning, but recent evidence suggests that moral judgment is more a matter of emotion and affective intuition than deliberate reasoning. Here we discuss recent findings in psychology and cognitive neuroscience, including several studies that specifically investigate moral judgment. These findings indicate the importance of affect, although they allow that reasoning can play a restricted but significant role in moral judgment. They also point towards a preliminary account of the functional neuroanatomy of moral judgment, according to which many brain areas make important contributions to moral judgment although none is devoted specifically to it.},
author = {Greene, Joshua D. and Haidt, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02011-9},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2002 - How (and where) does moral judgment work - Greene, Haidt.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1364-6613},
issn = {13646613},
journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
number = {12},
pages = {517--523},
pmid = {12475712},
title = {{How (and where) does moral judgment work?}},
volume = {6},
year = {2002}
}
@incollection{Graham2013,
abstract = {Where does morality come from? Why are moral judgments often so similar across cultures, yet sometimes so variable? Is morality one thing, or many? Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) was created to answer these questions. In this chapter, we describe the origins, assumptions, and current conceptualization of the theory and detail the empirical findings that MFT has made possible, both within social psychology and beyond. Looking toward the future, we embrace several critiques of the theory and specify five criteria for determining what should be considered a foundation of human morality. Finally, we suggest a variety of future directions for MFT and moral psychology. ?? 2013 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Graham, Jesse and Haidt, Jonathan and Koleva, Sena and Motyl, Matt and Iyer, Ravi and Wojcik, Sean P. and Ditto, Peter H.},
booktitle = {Advances in Experimental Social Psychology},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2013 - Moral Foundations Theory - Graham et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780124072367},
issn = {00652601},
keywords = {Cultural learning,Intuition,Method-theory coevolution,Morality,Nativism,Pluralism},
pages = {55--130},
pmid = {22469268},
title = {{Moral Foundations Theory}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780124072367000024},
volume = {47},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Jaynes1957,
abstract = {Information theory provides a constructive criterion for setting up probability distributions on the basis of partial knowledge, and leads to a type of statistical inference which is called the maximum-entropy estimate. it is the least biased estimate possible on the given information; i.e., it is maximally noncommital with regard to the missing information. If one considers statistical mechanics as a form of statistical inference rather than as a physical theory, it is found that the usual computational rules, starting with the determination of the partition function, are an immediate consequence of the maximum-entropy principle. In the resulting "subjective statistical mechanics", the usual rules are thus justified independently of any physical argument, and in particular independently of experimental verification; whether or not the results agree with experiment, they still represent the best estimates that cound have been made on the basis of the information available. It is concluded that statistical mechancis need not be regarded as a physical theory dependent for its validity on the truth of additional assumptions not contained in the laws of mechanics (such as ergodicity, metric transitivity, equal a priori probabilities, etc.). Furthermore, it is possible to maintain a sharp distinction between its physical and statistical aspects. The former consists only of the correct enumeration of the states of a system and their properties; the latter is a straightforward example of statistical inference.},
author = {Jaynes, Edwin T.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.108.171},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1957 - Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics - Jaynes.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1536-6065},
issn = {{\textless}null{\textgreater}},
journal = {Physical Review},
keywords = {information theory,statistical mechanics},
number = {4},
pages = {620--630},
pmid = {17798674},
title = {{Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics}},
volume = {106},
year = {1957}
}
@article{Jaynes1957a,
author = {Jaynes, Edwin T.},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1957 - Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics. II - Jaynes.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
number = {2},
pages = {171--190},
title = {{Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics. II}},
volume = {108},
year = {1957}
}
@article{Xu2016,
abstract = {Many studies have investigated how exclusion affects cognitive control and have reported inconsistent results. However, these studies usually treated cognitive control as a unitary concept, whereas it actually involved two main sub-processes: conflict detection and response implementation. Furthermore, existing studies have focused primarily on exclusion's effects on conscious cognitive control, while recent studies have shown the existence of unconscious cognitive control. Therefore, the present study investigated whether and how exclusion affects the sub-processes underlying conscious and unconscious cognitive control differently. The Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion and participants subsequently performed a masked Go/No-Go task during which event-related potentials were measured. For conscious cognitive control, excluded participants showed a larger N2 but smaller P3 effects than included participants, suggesting that excluded people invest more attention in conscious conflict detection, but less in conscious inhibition of impulsive responses. However, for unconscious cognitive control, excluded participants showed a smaller N2 but larger P3 effects than included participants, suggesting that excluded people invest less attention in unconscious conflict detection, but more in unconscious inhibition of impulsive responses. Together, these results suggest that exclusion causes people to rebalance attention allocation priorities for cognitive control according to a more flexible and adaptive strategy.},
author = {Xu, Mengsi and Li, Zhiai and Diao, Liuting and Zhang, Lijie and Yuan, Jiajin and Ding, Cody and Yang, Dong},
doi = {10.1038/srep31282},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Social exclusion modulates priorities of attention allocation in cognitive control - Xu et al.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2045-2322},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = {August},
pages = {31282},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Social exclusion modulates priorities of attention allocation in cognitive control}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep31282},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Baumeister1995,
abstract = {A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the belongingness hypothesis, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds. Belongingness appears to have multiple and strong effects on emotional patterns and on cognitive processes. Lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Other evidence, such as that concerning satiation, substitution, and behavioral consequences, is likewise consistent with the hypothesized motivation. Several seeming counterexamples turned out not to disconfirm the hypothesis. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation.},
author = {Baumeister, Roy F. and Leary, Mark R.},
doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1995 - The need to belong desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. - Baumeister, Leary.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1227401000838},
issn = {0033-2909},
journal = {Psychological bulletin},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {497--529},
pmid = {7777651},
title = {{The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.}},
url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777651},
volume = {117},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Mrazek2013,
abstract = {This research provides novel insights into the evolutionary basis of cultural norm development and maintenance. We yield evidence for a unique culture-gene coevolutionary model between ecological threat, allelic frequency of the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), cultural tightness-looseness-the strength of norms and tolerance for deviance from norms-and moral justifiability. As hypothesized, the results across 21 nations show that: (a) propensity for ecological threat correlates with short (S) allele frequency in the 5-HTTLPR, (b) allelic frequency in the 5-HTTLPR and vulnerability to ecological threat both correlate with cultural tightness-looseness, (c) susceptibility to ecological threat predicts tightness-looseness via the mediation of S allele carriers, and (d) frequency of S allele carriers predicts justifiability of morally relevant behavior via tightness-looseness. This research highlights the importance of studying the interplay between environmental, genetic, and cultural factors underlying contemporary differences in social behavior and presents an empirical framework for future research.},
author = {Mrazek, Alissa J. and Chiao, Joan Y. and Blizinsky, Katherine D. and Lun, Janetta and Gelfand, Michele J.},
doi = {10.1007/s40167-013-0009-x},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2013 - The role of culture–gene coevolution in morality judgment examining the interplay between tightness–looseness and allelic var.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2193-8652 (Print)$\backslash$r2193-8652 (Linking)},
issn = {2193-8652},
journal = {Culture and Brain},
keywords = {5-httlpr moral justifiability,culture,gene coevolution tightness,looseness serotonin transporter gene},
month = {nov},
number = {2-4},
pages = {100--117},
pmid = {24404439},
title = {{The role of culture–gene coevolution in morality judgment: examining the interplay between tightness–looseness and allelic variation of the serotonin transporter gene}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3880222{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40167-013-0009-x},
volume = {1},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Hutcherson2015,
abstract = {Moral judgment often requires making difficult tradeoffs (e.g., is it appropriate to torture to save the lives of innocents at risk?). Previous research suggests that both emotional appraisals and more deliberative utilitarian appraisals influence such judgments and that these appraisals often conflict. However, it is unclear how these different types of appraisals are represented in the brain, or how they are integrated into an overall moral judgment. We addressed these questions using an fMRI paradigm in which human subjects provide separate emotional and utilitarian appraisals for different potential actions, and then make difficult moral judgments constructed from combinations of these actions. We found that anterior cingulate, insula, and superior temporal gyrus correlated with emotional appraisals, whereas temporoparietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex correlated with utilitarian appraisals. Overall moral value judgments were represented in an anterior portion of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Critically, the pattern of responses and functional interactions between these three sets of regions are consistent with a model in which emotional and utilitarian appraisals are computed independently and in parallel, and passed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex where they are integrated into an overall moral value judgment. Significance statement: Popular accounts of moral judgment often describe it as a battle for control between two systems, one intuitive and emotional, the other rational and utilitarian, engaged in winner-take-all inhibitory competition. Using a novel fMRI paradigm, we identified distinct neural signatures of emotional and utilitarian appraisals and used them to test different models of how they compete for the control of moral behavior. Importantly, we find little support for competitive inhibition accounts. Instead, moral judgments resembled the architecture of simple economic choices: distinct regions represented emotional and utilitarian appraisals independently and passed this information to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for integration into an overall moral value signal.},
author = {Hutcherson, Cendri A and Montaser-Kouhsari, Leila and Woodward, James and Rangel, Antonio},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3402-14.2015},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2015 - Emotional and Utilitarian Appraisals of Moral Dilemmas Are Encoded in Separate Areas and Integrated in Ventromedial Prefrontal Co.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0270-6474},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
keywords = {decision-making,emotion and cognition,medial prefrontal cortex,moral judgment,temporoparietal junction},
number = {36},
pages = {12593--605},
pmid = {26354924},
title = {{Emotional and Utilitarian Appraisals of Moral Dilemmas Are Encoded in Separate Areas and Integrated in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26354924{\%}5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4563040},
volume = {35},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Jaynes1980,
author = {Jaynes, Edwin T.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.pc.31.100180.003051},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1980 - The Minimum Entropy Production Principle - Jaynes.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0066-426X},
journal = {Annual Review of Physical Chemistry},
month = {oct},
number = {1},
pages = {579--601},
title = {{The Minimum Entropy Production Principle}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.pc.31.100180.003051},
volume = {31},
year = {1980}
}
@article{Vicente2014,
abstract = {The moral foundations theory supports that people, across cultures, tend to consider a small number of dimensions when classifying issues on a moral basis. The data also show that the statistics of weights attributed to each moral dimension is related to self-declared political affiliation, which in turn has been connected to cognitive learning styles by the recent literature in neuroscience and psychology. Inspired by these data, we propose a simple statistical mechanics model with interacting neural networks classifying vectors and learning from members of their social neighbourhood about their average opinion on a large set of issues. The purpose of learning is to reduce dissension among agents when disagreeing. We consider a family of learning algorithms parametrized by ??, that represents the importance given to corroborating (same sign) opinions. We define an order parameter that quantifies the diversity of opinions in a group with homogeneous learning style. Using Monte Carlo simulations and a mean field approximation we find the relation between the order parameter and the learning parameter ?? at a temperature we associate with the importance of social influence in a given group. In concordance with data, groups that rely more strongly on corroborating evidence sustain less opinion diversity. We discuss predictions of the model and propose possible experimental tests. ?? 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1307.3203},
author = {Vicente, Renato and Susemihl, Alex and Jeric{\'{o}}, Jo{\~{a}}o Pedro and Caticha, Nestor},
doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2014.01.013},
eprint = {1307.3203},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - Moral foundations in an interacting neural networks society A statistical mechanics analysis - Vicente et al.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03784371},
journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
keywords = {Moral foundations theory,Neural networks,Opinion dynamics,Social interactions,Sociophysics,caticha,rv,social},
mendeley-tags = {caticha,rv,social},
month = {apr},
number = {c},
pages = {124--138},
title = {{Moral foundations in an interacting neural networks society: A statistical mechanics analysis}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3203 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037843711400017X},
volume = {400},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Burridge2016,
abstract = {We study the spread of a persuasive new idea through a population of continuous time random walkers in one dimension. The idea spreads via social gatherings involving groups of nearby walkers who act according to a biased "majority rule": After each gathering, the group takes on the new idea if more than a critical fraction {\$}\backslashfrac{\{}1-\backslashvarepsilon{\}}{\{}2{\}} {\textless} \backslashfrac{\{}1{\}}{\{}2{\}}{\$} of them already hold it; otherwise they all reject it. The boundary of a domain where the new idea has taken hold expands as a travelling wave in the density of new idea holders. Our walkers move by L$\backslash$'{\{}e{\}}vy Motion, and we compute the wave velocity analytically as a function of the frequency of social gatherings and the exponent of the jump distribution. When this distribution is sufficiently heavy tailed then, counter to intuition, the idea can propagate faster if social gatherings are held less frequently. When jumps are truncated, a critical gathering frequency can emerge which maximizes propagation velocity. We explore our model by simulation, confirming our analytical results.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1609.09418},
author = {Burridge, James and Gnacik, Michal},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.94.062319},
eprint = {1609.09418},
journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW E},
title = {{Infrequent social interaction can accelerate the spread of a persuasive idea}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09418},
volume = {94},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Campbell2016,
abstract = {In 2014 Comparative Sociology published our analysis of microaggression complaints – a comparative and theoretical piece addressing microaggres-sion complaints as a form of social control indicative of a distinct moral culture. The article attracted a surprising amount of attention in popular media, and with this attention came confusion and controversy. Here we respond to popular accounts of our work, addressing common criticisms and confusions as well as the sociological question of why the article produced such strong reactions. We conclude by clarifying the sociology of morality's role in moral debates and suggesting ways that sociological knowledge can inform debate and guide reform.},
author = {Manning, Jason and Campbell, Bradley},
doi = {10.1163/15691330-12341382},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Campus Culture Wars and the Sociology of Morality - Manning, Campbell.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1569-1322},
journal = {Comparative Sociology},
keywords = {dignity,honor,microaggression,moral cultures,sociology of knowledge,sociology of morality,victimhood},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {147--178},
title = {{Campus Culture Wars and the Sociology of Morality}},
url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15691330-12341382},
volume = {15},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Fortunato2013,
abstract = {This editorial opens the special issues that the Journal of Statistical Physics has dedicated to the growing field of statistical physics modeling of social dynamics. The issues include contributions from physicists and social scientists, with the goal of fostering a better communication between these two communities.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1304.1171},
author = {Fortunato, Santo and Macy, Michael and Redner, Sidney},
doi = {10.1007/s10955-013-0703-2},
eprint = {1304.1171},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2013 - Editorial Statistical Physics and Social Systems - Fortunato, Macy, Redner.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0022-4715},
journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics},
month = {apr},
number = {1-2},
pages = {1--8},
title = {{Editorial: Statistical Physics and Social Systems}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1171 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-013-0703-2 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10955-013-0703-2},
volume = {151},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Graham2009,
abstract = {How and why do moral judgments vary across the political spectrum? To test moral foundations theory (J. Haidt {\&} J. Graham, 2007; J. Haidt {\&} C. Joseph, 2004), the authors developed several ways to measure people's use of 5 sets of moral intuitions: Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, and Purity/sanctity. Across 4 studies using multiple methods, liberals consistently showed greater endorsement and use of the Harm/care and Fairness/reciprocity foundations compared to the other 3 foundations, whereas conservatives endorsed and used the 5 foundations more equally. This difference was observed in abstract assessments of the moral relevance of foundation-related concerns such as violence or loyalty (Study 1), moral judgments of statements and scenarios (Study 2), "sacredness" reactions to taboo trade-offs (Study 3), and use of foundation-related words in the moral texts of religious sermons (Study 4). These findings help to illuminate the nature and intractability of moral disagreements in the American "culture war."},
author = {Graham, Jesse and Haidt, Jonathan and Nosek, Brian A.},
doi = {10.1037/a0015141},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2009 - Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations - Graham, Haidt, Nosek.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-3514$\backslash$r1939-1315},
issn = {0022-3514},
journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
keywords = {conservative,ideology,liberal,morality},
number = {5},
pages = {1029--1046},
pmid = {19379034},
title = {{Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19379034},
volume = {96},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Opper1998,
abstract = {Online learning is discussed from the viewpoint of Bayesian statistical inference. By replacing the true posterior distribution with a simpler parametric distribution, one can define an online algorithm by a repetition of two steps: An update of the approximate posterior, when a new example arrives, and an optimal projection into the parametric family. Choosing this family to be Gaussian, we show that the algorithm achieves asymptotic efficiency. An application to learning in single layer neural networks is given.},
author = {Opper, Manfred and Winther, Ole},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1998 - A Bayesian approach to on-line learning - Opper, Winther.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Learning},
keywords = {mathematical computing sciences not elsewhere clas},
pages = {363--378},
title = {{A Bayesian approach to on-line learning}},
url = {http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/1444/},
year = {1998}
}
@inproceedings{Alves2016,
author = {Alves, Felippe and Caticha, Nestor},
booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
doi = {10.1063/1.4959064},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2016 - Sympatric multiculturalism in opinion models - Alves, Caticha.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780735414150},
pages = {060005},
title = {{Sympatric multiculturalism in opinion models}},
url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4959064},
volume = {1757},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Iyer2012,
abstract = {Libertarians are an increasingly prominent ideological group in U.S. politics, yet they have been largely unstudied. Across 16 measures in a large web-based sample that included 11,994 self-identified libertarians, we sought to understand the moral and psychological characteristics of self-described libertarians. Based on an intuitionist view of moral judgment, we focused on the underlying affective and cognitive dispositions that accompany this unique worldview. Compared to self-identified liberals and conservatives, libertarians showed 1) stronger endorsement of individual liberty as their foremost guiding principle, and weaker endorsement of all other moral principles; 2) a relatively cerebral as opposed to emotional cognitive style; and 3) lower interdependence and social relatedness. As predicted by intuitionist theories concerning the origins of moral reasoning, libertarian values showed convergent relationships with libertarian emotional dispositions and social preferences. Our findings add to a growing recognition of the role of personality differences in the organization of political attitudes.},
author = {Iyer, Ravi and Koleva, Spassena and Graham, Jesse and Ditto, Peter H. and Haidt, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0042366},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2012 - Understanding libertarian morality the psychological dispositions of self-identified libertarians. - Iyer et al.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS one},
keywords = {Adult,Cluster Analysis,Cognition,Empathy,Female,Freedom,Humans,Individuality,Male,Morals,Principal Component Analysis,Psychology,Social Values,Surveys and Questionnaires},
month = {jan},
number = {8},
pages = {e42366},
pmid = {22927928},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
title = {{Understanding libertarian morality: the psychological dispositions of self-identified libertarians.}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042366},
volume = {7},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Molleman2014,
abstract = {Social learning has allowed humans to build up extensive cultural repertoires, enabling them to adapt to a wide variety of environmental and social conditions. However, it is unclear which social learning strategies people use, especially in social contexts where their payoffs depend on the behaviour of others. Here we show experimentally that individuals differ in their social learning strategies and that they tend to employ the same learning strategy irrespective of the interaction context. Payoff-based learners focus on their peers' success, while decision-based learners disregard payoffs and exclusively focus on their peers' past behaviour. These individual differences may be of considerable importance for cultural evolution. By means of a simple model, we demonstrate that groups harbouring individuals with different learning strategies may be faster in adopting technological innovations and can be more efficient through successful role differentiation. Our study highlights the importance of individual variation for human interactions and sheds new light on the dynamics of cultural evolution.},
author = {Molleman, Lucas and van den Berg, Pieter and Weissing, Franz J},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms4570},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - Consistent individual differences in human social learning strategies. - Molleman, van den Berg, Weissing.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {info:doi/10.1038/ncomms4570},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nature communications},
pages = {3570},
pmid = {24705692},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Consistent individual differences in human social learning strategies.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705692},
volume = {5},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ashby1988,
abstract = {This article examines decision processes in the perception and categorization of stimuli constructed from one or more components. First, a general perceptual theory is used to formally characterize large classes of existing decision models according to the type of decision boundary they predict in a multidimensional perceptual space. A new experimental paradigm is developed that makes it possible to accurately estimate a subject's decision boundary in a categorization task. Three experiments using this paradigm are reported. Three conclusions stand out: (a) Subjects adopted deterministic decision rules, that is, for a given location in the perceptual space, most subjects always gave the same response; (b) subjects used decision rules that were nearly optimal; and (c) the only constraint on the type of decision bound that subjects used was the amount of cognitive capacity it required to implement. Subjects were not constrained to make independent decisions on each component or to attend to the distance to each prototype.},
author = {Ashby, F Gregory and Gott, Ralph E.},
doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.14.1.33},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1988 - Decision rules in the perception and categorization of multidimensional stimuli. - Ashby, Gott.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0278-7393 (Print)$\backslash$r0278-7393 (Linking)},
issn = {0278-7393},
journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition},
number = {1},
pages = {33--53},
pmid = {2963894},
title = {{Decision rules in the perception and categorization of multidimensional stimuli.}},
volume = {14},
year = {1988}
}
@article{Gelfand2011,
author = {Gelfand, Michele J. and Raver, J. L. and Nishii, L. and Leslie, L. M. and Lun, J. and Lim, B. C. and Duan, L. and Almaliach, A. and Ang, S. and Arnadottir, J. and Aycan, Z. and Boehnke, K. and Boski, P. and Cabecinhas, R. and Chan, D. and Chhokar, J. and D'Amato, A. and Ferrer, M. and Fischlmayr, I. C. and Fischer, R. and Fulop, M. and Georgas, J. and Kashima, E. S. and Kashima, Y. and Kim, K. and Lempereur, A. and Marquez, P. and Othman, R. and Overlaet, B. and Panagiotopoulou, P. and Peltzer, K. and Perez-Florizno, L. R. and Ponomarenko, L. and Realo, A. and Schei, V. and Schmitt, M. and Smith, P. B. and Soomro, N. and Szabo, E. and Taveesin, N. and Toyama, M. and {Van de Vliert}, E. and Vohra, N. and Ward, C. and Yamaguchi, S.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1197754},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2011 - Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures A 33-Nation Study - Gelfand et al.pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2011 - Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures A 33-Nation Study - Gelfand et al(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {may},
number = {6033},
pages = {1100--1104},
title = {{Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1197754},
volume = {332},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Derex2015,
abstract = {Technological innovations have allowed humans to settle in habitats for which they are poorly suited biologically. However, our understanding of how humans produce complex technologies is limited. We used a computer-based experiment, involving humans and learning bots, to investigate how reasoning abilities, social learning mechanisms and population structure affect the production of virtual artefacts. We found that humans' reasoning abilities play an important role in the production of innovations, but that groups of individuals are able to produce artefacts that are more complex than any isolated individual can produce during the same amount of time. We show that this group-level ability to produce complex innovations is maximized when social information is easy to acquire and when individuals are organized into large and partially connected populations. These results suggest that the transition to behavioural modernity could have been triggered by a change in ancestral between-group interaction patterns.},
author = {Derex, Maxime and Boyd, Robert},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms9398},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2015 - The foundations of the human cultural niche. - Derex, Boyd.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nature communications},
language = {en},
month = {jan},
pages = {8398},
pmid = {26400015},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The foundations of the human cultural niche.}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150924/ncomms9398/full/ncomms9398.html},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Campbell2014,
abstract = {Campus activists and others might refer to slights of one's ethnicity or other cultural characteristics as “microaggressions,” and they might use various forums to publicize them. Here we examine this phenomenon by drawing from Donald Black's theories of conflict and from cross-cultural studies of conflict and morality. We argue that this behavior resembles other conflict tactics in which the aggrieved actively seek the support of third parties as well as those that focus on oppression. We identify the social conditions associated with each feature, and we discuss how the rise of these conditions has led to large-scale moral change such as the emergence of a victimhood culture that is distinct from the honor cultures and dignity cultures of the past.},
author = {Campbell, Bradley and Manning, Jason},
doi = {10.1163/15691330-12341332},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - Microaggression and Moral Cultures - Campbell, Manning.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1569-1322},
journal = {Comparative Sociology},
keywords = {dignity,honor,microaggression,morality,social control,victimhood},
number = {6},
pages = {692--726},
title = {{Microaggression and Moral Cultures}},
url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15691330-12341332},
volume = {13},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Haidt2007,
abstract = {People are selfish, yet morally motivated. Morality is universal, yet culturally variable. Such apparent contradictions are dissolving as research from many disciplines converges on a few shared principles, including the importance of moral intuitions, the socially functional (rather than truth-seeking) nature of moral thinking, and the coevolution of moral minds with cultural practices and institutions that create diverse moral communities. I propose a fourth principle to guide future research: Morality is about more than harm and fairness. More research is needed on the collective and religious parts of the moral domain, such as loyalty, authority, and spiritual purity.},
author = {Haidt, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1126/science.1137651},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2007 - The new synthesis in moral psychology. - Haidt.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Affect,Altruism,Brain,Brain: physiology,Cognition,Cooperative Behavior,Culture,Emotions,Group Processes,Humans,Intuition,Models,Morals,Psychological,Psychology,Social,Thinking},
month = {may},
number = {5827},
pages = {998--1002},
pmid = {17510357},
title = {{The new synthesis in moral psychology.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510357},
volume = {316},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Vicente2009a,
abstract = {We study opinion dynamics in a population of interacting adaptive agents voting on a set of complex multidimensional issues. We consider agents which can classify issues into for or against. The agents arrive at the opinions about each issue in question using an adaptive algorithm. Adaptation comes from learning and the information for the learning process comes from interacting with other neighboring agents and trying to change the internal state in order to concur with their opinions. The change in the internal state is driven by the information contained in the issue and in the opinion of the other agent. We present results in a simple yet rich context where each agent uses a Boolean Perceptron to state its opinion. If there is no internal clock, so the update occurs with asynchronously exchanged information among pairs of agents, then the typical case, if the number of issues is kept small, is the evolution into a society thorn by the emergence of factions with extreme opposite beliefs. This occurs even when seeking consensus with agents with opposite opinions. The curious result is that it is learning from those that hold the same opinions that drives the emergence of factions. This results follows from the fact that factions are prevented by not learning at all from those agents that hold the same opinion. If the number of issues is large, the dynamics becomes trapped and the society does not evolve into factions and a distribution of moderate opinions is observed. We also study the less realistic, but technically simpler synchronous case showing that global consensus is a fixed point. However, the approach to this consensus is glassy in the limit of large societies if agents adapt even in the case of agreement.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {0811.2099},
author = {Vicente, Renato and Martins, Andr{\'{e}} C. R. and Caticha, Nestor},
doi = {10.1088/1742-5468/2009/03/P03015},
eprint = {0811.2099},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2009 - Opinion dynamics of learning agents does seeking consensus lead to disagreement - Vicente, Martins, Caticha.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1742-5468},
journal = {Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment},
keywords = {Physics and Society,caticha,rv,social},
mendeley-tags = {caticha,rv,social},
month = {mar},
number = {03},
pages = {P03015},
title = {{Opinion dynamics of learning agents: does seeking consensus lead to disagreement?}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1742-5468/2009/i=03/a=P03015?key=crossref.abf913219606282210db115d1655d36b http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.2099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2009/03/P03015},
year = {2009}
}
@incollection{Haidt2009,
abstract = {Most academic efforts to understand morality and ideology come from theorists who limit the domain of morality to issues related to harm and fairness. For such theorists, conservative beliefs are puzzles requiring non-moral explanations. In contrast, we present moral foundations theory, which broadens the moral do- main to match the anthropological literature on morality. We extend the theory by integrating it with a review of the sociological constructs of community, authority, and sacredness, as formulated by Emile Durkheim and others. We present data supporting the theory, which also shows that liberals misunderstand the explicit moral concerns of conservatives more than conservatives misunderstand liber- als. We suggest that what liberals see as a non-moral motivation for system justification may be better described as a moral motivation to protect society, groups, and the structures and constraints that are often (although not always) beneficial for individuals. Finally, we outline the possible benefits of a moral foun- dations perspective for system justification theory (SJT), including better un- derstandings of (a) why the system-justifying motive is palliative despite some harmful effects, (b) possible evolutionary origins of the motive, and (c) the values and worldviews of conservatives in general.},
author = {Haidt, Jonathan and Graham, Jesse},
booktitle = {Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification},
doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.003.015},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2009 - Planet of the Durkheimians, Where Community, Authority, and Sacredness Are Foundations of Morality - Haidt, Graham.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780199869541},
issn = {0162895X},
keywords = {Authority,Community,Durkheim,Durkheimians,Hypothetical societies,Moral foundations theory,Sacredness,Social evolution,conservative,liberal,metaethics,moral,moral foundation},
month = {aug},
pages = {371--401},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
title = {{Planet of the Durkheimians, Where Community, Authority, and Sacredness Are Foundations of Morality}},
url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.001.0001/acprof-9780195320916-chapter-15},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kinouchi1992,
abstract = {A new learning algorithm for the one-layer perceptron is presented. It aims to maximize the$\backslash$n generalization gain per example. Analytical results are obtained for the case of single presentation$\backslash$n of each example. The weight attached to a Hebbian term is a function of the expected stability of$\backslash$n the example in the teacher perceptron. This leads to the obtention of upper bounds for the$\backslash$n generalization ability. This scheme can be iterated and the results of numerical simulations show$\backslash$n that it converges, within errors, to the theoretical optimal generalization ability of the Bayes$\backslash$n algorithm. Analytical and numerical results for an algorithm with maximized generalization in the$\backslash$n learning strategy with selection of examples are obtained and it is proved that, as expected,$\backslash$n orthogonal selection is optimal. Exponential decay of the generalization error is obtained for the$\backslash$n single presentation of selected examples.},
author = {Kinouchi, Osame and Caticha, Nestor},
doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/25/23/020},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1992 - Optimal generalization in perceptions - Kinouchi, Caticha.pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/1992 - Optimal generalization in perceptions - Kinouchi, Caticha(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {0305-4470},
journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
month = {dec},
number = {23},
pages = {6243--6250},
title = {{Optimal generalization in perceptions}},
url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0305-4470/25/i=23/a=020 http://stacks.iop.org/0305-4470/25/i=23/a=020?key=crossref.e3454a8494f54e330be3832cec186fa1},
volume = {25},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Haidt2010,
abstract = {In one of the earliest textbooks of social psychology, William McDougall wrote that “ The fundamental prob- lem of social psychology is the moralization of the indi- vidual by the society into which he is born as a creature in which the non - moral and purely egoistic tendencies are so much stronger than any altruistic tendencies ” (McDougall, 1908/1998, p. 18). McDougall dreamed of a social psychology that would span the study of individu- als and societies, and he believed morality would be the main bridge. He hoped that social psychology would one day document the full set of “ instincts ” and other endow- ments present in individual minds, and then demonstrate how these were activated and combined to create large and cooperative groups of individuals. If McDougall could come back today and see how his beloved fi eld has fared, what would he think of its progress? A},
author = {Haidt, Jonathan and Kesebir, Selin},
doi = {10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002022},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2010 - Morality - Haidt, Kesebir.pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2010 - Morality - Haidt, Kesebir(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-60623-673-4},
issn = {0470561114},
journal = {Handbook of Social Psychology},
pages = {797--832},
title = {{Morality}},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Caticha2015,
abstract = {Within an agent-based model where moral classifications are socially learned, we ask if a population of agents behaves in a way that may be compared with conservative or liberal positions in the real political spectrum. We assume that agents first experience a formative period, in which they adjust their learning style acting as supervised Bayesian adaptive learners. The formative phase is followed by a period of social influence by reinforcement learning. By comparing data generated by the agents with data from a sample of 15,000 Moral Foundation questionnaires we found the following. (1) The number of information exchanges in the formative phase correlates positively with statistics identifying liberals in the social influence phase. This is consistent with recent evidence that connects the dopamine receptor D4-7R gene, political orientation and early age social clique size. (2) The learning algorithms that result from the formative phase vary in the way they treat novelty and corroborative information with more conservative-like agents treating it more equally than liberal-like agents. This is consistent with the correlation between political affiliation and the Openness personality trait reported in the literature. (3) Under the increase of a model parameter interpreted as an external pressure, the statistics of liberal agents resemble more those of conservative agents, consistent with reports on the consequences of external threats on measures of conservatism. We also show that in the social influence phase liberal-like agents readapt much faster than conservative-like agents when subjected to changes on the relevant set of moral issues. This suggests a verifiable dynamical criterium for attaching liberal or conservative labels to groups.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1502.03394},
author = {Caticha, Nestor and Cesar, Jonatas and Vicente, Renato},
doi = {10.3389/fphy.2015.00025},
eprint = {1502.03394},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2015 - For whom will the Bayesian agents vote - Caticha, Cesar, Vicente.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2296-424X},
journal = {Frontiers in Physics},
keywords = {Bayesian learning,agent-based model,bayesian learning,moral foundations,opinion dynamics,sociophysics},
month = {apr},
number = {25},
pages = {1--14},
title = {{For whom will the Bayesian agents vote?}},
url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/interdisciplinary{\_}physics/10.3389/fphy.2015.00025/abstract http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2015.00025/abstract},
volume = {3},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Dietze2008,
author = {F{\O}RLAND, TOR EGIL},
doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2303.2008.00435.x},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2008 - MENTALITY AS A SOCIAL EMERGENT CAN THE ZEITGEIST HAVE EXPLANATORY POWER - F{\O}RLAND.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1800444273},
issn = {0018-2656},
journal = {History and Theory},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {44--56},
title = {{MENTALITY AS A SOCIAL EMERGENT: CAN THE ZEITGEIST HAVE EXPLANATORY POWER?}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2008.00435.x},
volume = {47},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lee2013,
abstract = {We build simple models for the distribution of voting patterns in a group, using the Supreme Court of the United States as an example. The least structured, or maximum entropy, model that is consistent with the observed pairwise correlations among justices' votes is equivalent to an Ising spin glass. While all correlations (perhaps surprisingly) are positive, the effective pairwise interactions in the spin glass model have both signs, recovering some of our intuition that justices on opposite sides of the ideological spectrum should have a negative influence on one another. Despite the competing interactions, a strong tendency toward unanimity emerges from the model, and this agrees quantitatively with the data. The model shows that voting patterns are organized in a relatively simple "energy landscape," correctly predicts the extent to which each justice is correlated with the majority, and gives us a measure of the influence that justices exert on one another. These results suggest that simple models, grounded in statistical physics, can capture essential features of collective decision making quantitatively, even in a complex political context.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1306.5004},
author = {Lee, Edward D. and Broedersz, Chase P. and Bialek, William},
eprint = {1306.5004},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2013 - Statistical mechanics of the US Supreme Court - Lee, Broedersz, Bialek.pdf:pdf},
month = {jun},
title = {{Statistical mechanics of the US Supreme Court}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5004},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Eisenberger2003,
author = {Eisenberger, Naomi I. and Lieberman, Matthew D. and Williams, Kipling},
doi = {10.1126/science.1089134},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2003 - Does Rejection Hurt An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion - Eisenberger, Lieberman, Williams.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {oct},
number = {5643},
pages = {290--292},
title = {{Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1089134},
volume = {302},
year = {2003}
}
@incollection{Churchland1998,
abstract = {The Foundations of Cognitive Science is a set of thirteen new essays on key topics in this lively interdisciplinary field, by a stellar international line-up of authors. Philosophers, psychologists, and neurologists here come together to investigate such fascinating subjects as consciousness; vision; rationality; artificial life; the neural basis of language, cognition, and emotion; and the relations between mind and world, for instance our representation of numbers and space. The contributors are Ned Block, Margaret Boden, Susan Carey, Patricia Churchland, Paul Churchland, Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio, Donald Davidson, Daniel Dennett, Ilya Farber, James Higginbotham, Christopher Peacocke, Will Peterman, Zenon Pylyshyn, John Searle. Anyone interested in the exploration of the human mind will enjoy this book.},
author = {Churchland, Paul M},
booktitle = {The Foundations of Cognitive Science},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2001 - Toward a Cognitive Neurobiology of the Moral Virtues - Churchland.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780198238898},
keywords = {Cognitive,Ethics,Moral Theory,Neurobiology,Vir},
pages = {77--98},
title = {{Toward a Cognitive Neurobiology of the Moral Virtues}},
url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-foundations-of-cognitive-science-9780198238898},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Holroyd2002,
abstract = {The authors present a unified account of 2 neural systems concerned with the development and expression of adaptive behaviors: a mesencephalic dopamine system for reinforcement learning and a "generic" error-processing system associated with the anterior cingulate cortex. The existence of the error-processing system has been inferred from the error-related negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential elicited when human participants commit errors in reaction-time tasks. The authors propose that the ERN is generated when a negative reinforcement learning signal is conveyed to the anterior cingulate cortex via the mesencephalic dopamine system and that this signal is used by the anterior cingulate cortex to modify performance on the task at hand. They provide support for this proposal using both computational modeling and psychophysiological experimentation.},
author = {Holroyd, Clay B. and Coles, Michael G. H.},
doi = {10.1037//0033-295X.109.4.679},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2002 - The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing Reinforcement Learning, Dopamine, and the Error-Related Negativity - Holroyd, Coles.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0033-295X},
issn = {0033-295X},
journal = {Psychological Review},
number = {4},
pages = {679--709},
pmid = {12374324},
title = {{The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement Learning, Dopamine, and the Error-Related Negativity}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033295X02005704},
volume = {109},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Haidt2001,
abstract = {Research on moral judgment has been dominated by rationalist models, in which moral judgment is thought to be caused by moral reasoning. The author gives 4 reasons for considering the hypothesis that moral reasoning does not cause moral judgment; rather, moral reasoning is usually a post hoc construction, generated after a judgment has been reached. The social intuitionist model is presented as an alternative to rationalist models. The model is a social model in that it deemphasizes the private reasoning done by individuals and emphasizes instead the importance of social and cultural influences. The model is an intuitionist model in that it states that moral judgment is generally the result of quick, automatic evaluations (intuitions). The model is more consistent that rationalist models with recent findings in social, cultural, evolutionary, and biological psychology, as well as in anthropology and primatology.},
author = {Haidt, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2001 - The emotional dog and its rational tail a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. - Haidt.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0033-295X (Print)$\backslash$r0033-295X (Linking)},
issn = {0033-295X},
journal = {Psychological review},
number = {4},
pages = {814--834},
pmid = {11699120},
title = {{The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.}},
volume = {108},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Caticha2011,
abstract = {Moral Foundation Theory states that groups of different observers may rely on partially dissimilar sets of moral foundations, thereby reaching different moral valuations. The use of functional imaging techniques has revealed a spectrum of cognitive styles with respect to the differential handling of novel or corroborating information that is correlated to political affiliation. Here we characterize the collective behavior of an agent-based model whose inter individual interactions due to information exchange in the form of opinions are in qualitative agreement with experimental neuroscience data. The main conclusion derived connects the existence of diversity in the cognitive strategies and statistics of the sets of moral foundations and suggests that this connection arises from interactions between agents. Thus a simple interacting agent model, whose interactions are in accord with empirical data on conformity and learning processes, presents statistical signatures consistent with moral judgment patterns of conservatives and liberals as obtained by survey studies of social psychology.},
annote = {NULL},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1005.5718},
author = {Caticha, Nestor and Vicente, Renato},
doi = {10.1142/S0219525911003190},
eprint = {1005.5718},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2011 - Agent-based Social Psychology From Neurocognitive processes to Social data - Caticha, Vicente.pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2011 - Agent-based Social Psychology From Neurocognitive processes to Social data - Caticha, Vicente(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0219-5259},
issn = {0219-5259},
journal = {Advances in Complex Systems},
month = {oct},
number = {05},
pages = {711--731},
title = {{Agent-based Social Psychology: From Neurocognitive processes to Social data}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.5718 http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219525911003190},
volume = {14},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ruff2014,
abstract = {How does our brain choose the best course of action? Choices between material goods are thought to be steered by neural value signals that encode the rewarding properties of the choice options. Social decisions, by contrast, are traditionally thought to rely on neural representations of the self and others. However, recent studies show that many types of social decisions may also involve neural value computations. This suggests a unified mechanism for motivational control of behaviour that may incorporate both social and non-social factors. In this Review, we outline a theoretical framework that may help to identify possible overlaps and differences between the neural processes that guide social and non-social decision making.},
author = {Ruff, Christian C and Fehr, Ernst},
doi = {10.1038/nrn3776},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - The neurobiology of rewards and values in social decision making. - Ruff, Fehr.pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - The neurobiology of rewards and values in social decision making. - Ruff, Fehr(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-0048},
journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
month = {jul},
number = {July},
pmid = {24986556},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The neurobiology of rewards and values in social decision making.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24986556},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Smaldino2014,
author = {Smaldino, Paul E.},
doi = {10.1017/S0140525X13001544},
file = {:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - The cultural evolution of emergent group-level traits - Smaldino.pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - The cultural evolution of emergent group-level traits - Smaldino(2).pdf:pdf;:home/lsimoes/Mendeley/2014 - The cultural evolution of emergent group-level traits - Smaldino(3).pdf:pdf},
journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
keywords = {altruism,cooperation,cultural group selection,inclusive fi tness,innovation,institutions,interdependence,multilevel,niche construction,selection},
number = {03},
pages = {243--295},
title = {{The cultural evolution of emergent group-level traits}},
url = {http://smaldino.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Smaldino-BBS-GroupLevelTraits-INPRESS.pdf},
volume = {37},
year = {2014}
}