From 445ae4a71eea39c9ad7902b981e9a41d2f71f632 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanyujie2002 Date: Thu, 2 May 2024 17:08:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Localize the images in lecture intro with drawio (#65) --- img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.dio | 76 +++++ img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.svg | 1 + img/lectures/Block_IO_management.dio | 58 ++++ img/lectures/Block_IO_management.svg | 3 + img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.dio | 127 ++++++++ img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.svg | 1 + img/lectures/Micro_kernel.dio | 95 ++++++ img/lectures/Micro_kernel.svg | 4 + img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.drawio | 148 +++++++++ img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg | 3 + img/lectures/Networking_stack.dio | 52 +++ img/lectures/Networking_stack.svg | 2 + img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.dio | 82 +++++ img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.svg | 1 + ...pical_operating_system_architecture.drawio | 97 ++++++ .../Typical_operating_system_architecture.svg | 1 + ...rnel_sharing_the_virtual_address_space.dio | 46 +++ ...rnel_sharing_the_virtual_address_space.svg | 1 + img/lectures/Virtual_Filesystem_Switch.dio | 97 ++++++ img/lectures/Virtual_Filesystem_Switch.svg | 3 + lectures/intro.rst | 297 +----------------- 21 files changed, 911 insertions(+), 284 deletions(-) create mode 100644 img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Block_IO_management.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Block_IO_management.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Micro_kernel.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Micro_kernel.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.drawio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Networking_stack.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Networking_stack.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Typical_operating_system_architecture.drawio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Typical_operating_system_architecture.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/User_and_kernel_sharing_the_virtual_address_space.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/User_and_kernel_sharing_the_virtual_address_space.svg create mode 100644 img/lectures/Virtual_Filesystem_Switch.dio create mode 100644 img/lectures/Virtual_Filesystem_Switch.svg diff --git a/img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.dio b/img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.dio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e45bbec --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.dio @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.svg b/img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dbb751 --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +
内存
内存
处理器 A
处理器 A
内核
内核
处理器 B
处理器 B
进程 1
进程 1
进程 2
进程 2
进程 3
进程 3
处理器 C
处理器 C
进程 1
进程 1
进程 2
进程 2
进程 3
进程 3Text is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Block_IO_management.dio b/img/lectures/Block_IO_management.dio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4927449 --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Block_IO_management.dio @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Block_IO_management.svg b/img/lectures/Block_IO_management.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ac536b --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Block_IO_management.svg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
虚拟文件系统
虚拟文件系统
设备映射器
设备映射器
通用块层
通用块层
I/O 调度程序
I/O 调度程序
块设备
驱动程序
块设备 +驱动程序
块设备
驱动程序
块设备 +驱动程序Text is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.dio b/img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.dio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2912db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.dio @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.svg b/img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86ab4ad --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +
应用程序 1
应用程序 1
应用程序 2
应用程序 2
应用程序 n
应用程序 n
进程管理
进程管理
内存管理
内存管理
内核
内核
块设备 I/O
块设备 I/O
VFS
VFS
网络
网络
IPC
IPC
Security
Security
Crypto
Crypto
DRM
DRM
ALSA
ALSA
USB
USB
设备驱动
设备驱动
字符
字符
块
块
以太网
以太网
wifi
wifi
文件系统
文件系统
输入
输入
iio
iio
usb
usb
framebuffer
framebuffer
平台
平台
drm
drm
架构
架构
机器 1
机器 1
机器 2
机器 2Text is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Micro_kernel.dio b/img/lectures/Micro_kernel.dio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f503cf --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Micro_kernel.dio @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Micro_kernel.svg b/img/lectures/Micro_kernel.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e66d255 --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Micro_kernel.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
请求
请求
应用
应用
文件
服务器
文件 +服务器
网络
服务器
网络 +服务器
显示
服务器
显示 +服务器
微内核
（进程间通信（IPC）、内存、
调度程序）
微内核（进程间通信（IPC）、内存、...
硬件
硬件
用户
用户
内核
内核
回复
回复Text is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.drawio b/img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.drawio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fea02fc --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.drawio @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg b/img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f7f9e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
应用
应用
应用
应用
应用
应用
系统调用接口
系统调用接口
用户
用户
内核
内核
内核
函数
内核 +函数
设备
驱动
设备 +驱动
硬件
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伯克利套接字（Socket）接口
伯克利套接字（Socket）接口
传输层
传输层
TCP
TCP
UDP
UDP
网络层
网络层
IP
IP
路由
路由
NetFilter
NetFilter
数据链路层
数据链路层
以太网
以太网
ARP
ARP
桥接
桥接
排队规则
（queuing discipline，qdisk）
排队规则 +（queuing discipline，qdisk）
网络设备驱动程序
网络设备驱动程序Text is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.dio b/img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.dio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb88e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.dio @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.svg b/img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce9e9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +
内存
内存
处理器 A
处理器 A
处理器 B
处理器 B
进程 1
进程 1
进程 2
进程 2
内核
内核
处理器 C
处理器 C
进程 1
进程 1
进程 2
进程 2
内核
内核
进程 1
进程 1
进程 2
进程 2
内核
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0x00000000
0x00000000
0xC0000000
0xC0000000
0xFFFFFFF
0xFFFFFFF
内核空间
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用户空间
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32 位虚拟地址空间
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虚拟文件系统
虚拟文件系统
FILE
FILE
dentry
dentry
inode
inode
page
cache
page...
dentry
cache
dentry...
inode
cache
inode...
stat
stat
open
open
read
read
文件系统
驱动
文件系统 +驱动
文件系统
驱动
文件系统 +驱动Text is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lectures/intro.rst b/lectures/intro.rst index 5fc55d9..8bd3cf7 100644 --- a/lectures/intro.rst +++ b/lectures/intro.rst @@ -65,27 +65,7 @@ :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +---------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ -\ - | 应用程序 1 | | 应用程序 2 | ... | 应用程序 n | | - +---------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ |> 用户空间 - | | | | - v v v -/ - +--------------------------------------------------------+ -\ - | 系统调用接口 | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ | - | | | | - v v v |> 内核空间 - +--------------------------------------------------------+ | - | 内核 | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ | - | 设备驱动 | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ -/ - | | | -\ - v v v |> 硬件 - -/ - + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Typical_operating_system_architecture.svg 操作系统内核提供了一组 API 供应用程序调用，通常它们称为“系统调用”。这些 API 与普通的库 API 有所不同，它们标志着执行模式从用户态切换到内核态的界限。 @@ -105,39 +85,7 @@ :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ - | 应用 | | 应用 | | 应用 | - +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ - | | | 用户 - =--|-------=--------|--------=-------|-------------------=- - | | | 内核 - v v v - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - | 系统调用接口 | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - | | - v v - +-----+ +-----+ - | |<---------------------------->| | 内核 - | |<---+ +------->| | 函数 - +--+--+ | | +-----+ - | | | ^ - | | +-----+ | | - |+------+---->| |<---+ | - || | +-----+ | - || | | - vv | v - +--++-+ | +-----+ - | | +------------------------>| | 设备 - | |<---------------------------->| | 驱动 - +--+--+ +--+--+ - | | - v v - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - | 硬件 | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg 尽管如此，大部分单体内核在子系统间都实现了逻辑上的分隔，尤其是核心内核与设备驱动程序之间，它们通常需要通过较为严格的 API 来互相访问服务（这些 API 并非总是固定不变的）。显然，这种做法依赖于内核的具体实现和架构设计。 @@ -148,30 +96,7 @@ 微内核是一种内核设计，其中大部分功能以受保护的方式相互作用，并通常作为用户空间中的服务来运行。因为内核的关键功能现在在用户模式下运行，导致在内核模式下运行的代码量大幅减少，微内核由此得名。 - .. code-block:: text - - +-----+ +--------+ +---------+ +---------+ - | 应用 | | 文件 | | 网络 | | 显示 |<--+ - | 服务 | | 服务器 | | 服务器 | | 服务器 |-+ | - +-----+ +--------+ +---------+ +---------+ | | - | ^ | | 用户 - -|-|----------------------------------------=-|-|-------=- - | | | | 内核 - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | 回复 +----------------------------+ | | - | +--------| |----+ | - +--------->| 微内核 |------+ - 请求 | （进程间通信（IPC），内存， | - | 调度程序） | - +----------------------------+ - | - v - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - | 硬件 | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Micro_kernel.svg 在微内核架构中，内核只包含最基本代码（允许不同运行进程间进行消息传递）。在实际应用中，这意味着内核仅实现调度程序和进程间通信（IPC）机制，以及基础内存管理，从而在应用程序和服务之间建立了保护层。 @@ -258,25 +183,8 @@ :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +-------------------+ ^ - 0xFFFFFFFF | | | - | | | 内核空间 - | | | - +-------------------+ v - 0xC0000000 | | ^ - | | | 用户空间 - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - 0x00000000 +-------------------+ v - - 32 位虚拟地址空间 + .. image:: ../img/lectures/User_and_kernel_sharing_the_virtual_address_space.svg + 执行上下文 ------------------ @@ -394,32 +302,7 @@ :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +-----------+ - | | - +------------------>| 内存 |<-----------------+ - | | | | - | +-----------+ | - | ^ | - | | | - v v v - +--------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ - | | | | | | - | 处理器 A | | 处理器 B | | 处理器 C | - | | | | | | - | | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | | | 进程 1 | | | | 进程 1 | | - | | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | | | | | - | +----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | 内核 | | | | 进程 2 | | | | 进程 2 | | - | +----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | | | | | - | | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | | | 进程 3 | | | | 进程 3 | | - | | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - +--------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Asymmetric_multiProcessing.svg 对称多处理（SMP） @@ -433,32 +316,7 @@ :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +-----------+ - | | - +------------------->| 内存 |<------------------+ - | | | | - | +-----------+ | - | ^ | - | | | - v v v - +---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ - | | | | | | - | 处理器 A | | 处理器 B | | 处理器 C | - | | | | | | - | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | 进程 1 | | | | 进程 1 | | | | 进程 1 | | - | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | | | | | - | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | 进程 2 | | | | 进程 2 | | | | 进程 2 | | - | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | | | | | - | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - | | 内核 | | | | 内核 | | | | 内核 | | - | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | | +-----------+ | - +---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Symmetric_MultiProcessing.svg CPU 可扩展性 @@ -484,7 +342,7 @@ Linux 内核概述 Linux 开发模型 ----------------------- -.. slide:: Linux开发模型 +.. slide:: Linux 开发模型 :level: 2 * 开源，采用 GPLv2 许可证 @@ -629,51 +487,7 @@ Linux 内核结构 :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +---------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ - | 应用程序 1 | | 应用程序 2 | ... | 应用程序 n | - +---------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ - | | | - v v v - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - | 内核 | - | | - | +----------------------+ +-------------------+ | - | | 进程管理 | | 内存管理 | | - | +----------------------+ +-------------------+ | - | | - | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | - | | Block I/O | | VFS | | Networking | | - | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | - | | - | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | - | | IPC | | Security | | Crypto | | - | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | - | | - | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | - | | DRM | | ALSA | | USB | | - | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | - | ... | - +--------------------------------------+-----------------+ - | 设备驱动程序 | arch | - | | | - | +----+ +-----+ +--------+ +----+ | +----------+ | - | |字符 | |块设备 | |以太网 | |wifi | | | 机器 1 | | - | +----+ +-----+ +--------+ +----+ | +----------+ | - | +--------+ +-----+ +----+ +---+ | +----------+ | - | |文件系统| |输入设备| |IIO | |USB | | | 机器 2 | | - | +--------+ +-----+ +----+ +---+ | +----------+ | - | +-----------+ +----------+ +---+ | | - | |帧缓冲区 | |平台设备 | |DRM | | ... | - | +-----------+ +----------+ +---+ | | - +-------------------------+----+-------+-----------------+ - | | | - v v v - - +--------------------------------------------------------+ - | 硬件 | - +--------------------------------------------------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Linux_kernel_architecture.svg arch @@ -779,35 +593,7 @@ Linux 块 I/O 子系统处理读取和写入块设备数据的操作：创建块 :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +---------------------------------+ - | 虚拟文件系统切换 | - +---------------------------------+ - ^ - | - v - +---------------------------------+ - | 设备映射器 | - +---------------------------------+ - ^ - | - v - +---------------------------------+ - | 通用块层 | - +---------------------------------+ - ^ - | - v - +--------------------------------+ - | I/O 调度程序 | - +--------------------------------+ - ^ ^ - | | - v v - +--------------+ +--------------+ - |块设备驱动程序 | | 块设备驱动程序 | - +--------------+ +--------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Block_IO_management.svg 虚拟文件系统 @@ -827,34 +613,7 @@ Linux 的虚拟文件系统（VFS）提供了一套通用的文件系统代码 :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - - ^ ^ ^ - | stat | open | read - v v v - +------------------------------------------------------------+ - | 虚拟文件系统 | - | | - | | - | /-------\ /--------\ /--------\ | - | | inode |<----------+ dentry |<----------+ FILE | | - | \---+---/ \----+---/ \---+----/ | - | | | | | - | | | | | - | v v v | - | +-------+ +--------+ +-------+ | - | | inode | | dentry | | page | | - | | cache | | cache | | cache | | - | +-------+ +--------+ +-------+ | - | | - +------------------------------------------------------------+ - ^ ^ - | | - v v - +-------------+ +-------------+ - | 文件系统驱动 | | 文件系统驱动 | - +-------------+ +-------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Virtual_Filesystem_Switch.svg Linux VFS 还实现了一个复杂的缓存机制，包括以下内容： @@ -874,38 +633,8 @@ Linux VFS 还实现了一个复杂的缓存机制，包括以下内容： :level: 2 :inline-contents: True - .. code-block:: text - - +---------------------------+ - | 伯克利套接字（socket）接口 | - +---------------------------+ - - +---------------------------+ - | 传输层（Transport layer） | - +-------------+-------------+ - | TCP | UDP | - +-------------+-------------+ - - +---------------------------+ - | 网络层（Network layer） | - +-----+---------+-----------+ - | IP | 路由 | NetFilter | - +-----+---------+-----------+ - - +---------------------------+ - |数据链路层（Data link layer）| - +-------+-------+-----------+ - | ETH | ARP | BRIDGING | - +-------+-------+-----------+ - - +--------------------------------+ - | 队列调度机制 | - | （Queuing discipline，qdisc） | - +--------------------------------+ - - +---------------------------+ - | 网络设备驱动程序 | - +---------------------------+ + .. image:: ../img/lectures/Monolithic_kernel.svg + Linux 安全模块 ......................