From 80dc40c3cb3fed3b3793aef54024db4c262d79f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Github CI Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 13:38:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Automatic build of version commit-3c184d --- tables/he-IL.utb | 4 +- tables/yi.utb | 236 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tables/yi.utb diff --git a/tables/he-IL.utb b/tables/he-IL.utb index 4b116fb..54cfc8c 100644 --- a/tables/he-IL.utb +++ b/tables/he-IL.utb @@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ word 'twas = # Additional fixes for hebrew letters with dagesh # if the dagesh dot is typed as a separate element. -word כּ 13 # Hebrew letter PE with dagesh as a separate dot. -word פּ 1234 # Hebrew letter KAF with dagesh as a separate dot. +word כּ 13 # Hebrew letter KAF with dagesh as a separate dot. +word פּ 1234 # Hebrew letter PE with dagesh as a separate dot. word בּ 12 # Hebrew letter BET with dagesh as a separate dot. word שׂ 156 # Hebrew letter SHIN with SIN as a separate dot. diff --git a/tables/yi.utb b/tables/yi.utb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18c115e --- /dev/null +++ b/tables/yi.utb @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +# liblouis: Uncontracted braille table for Yiddish. +# +# +# This file is part of liblouis. +# +# liblouis is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it +# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as +# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the +# License, or (at your option) any later version. +# +# liblouis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +# Lesser General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public +# License along with liblouis. If not, see +# . + +#-license: LGPLv2.1 + +# Copyright (C) 2024 by Abby Howell + +#-copyright: 2024, Abby Howell + +#-index-name: Yiddish +#-display-name: Yiddish braille + +#+language: yi +#+type: literary +#+dots: 6 +#+contraction: no +#+grade: 1 +#+direction:forward + +# This table was created by Abby Howell, Matthew Shifrin, and Harris Mowbray + +#-author: Abby Howell +#-author: Matthew Shifrin + +# Yiddish is a Jewish language written in the Hebrew alphabet, which has +# been spoken by Ashkenazic Jewish communities in Eastern Europe and their +# descendants for over 1000 years. Although Yiddish is written using the +# same alphabet as Hebrew, not all of Unicode characters used in Yiddish +# are represented in the Hebrew Braille tables. Additionally, in Hebrew, +# the letters are only used to represent consonants, and the vowels are +# written with diacritic accent characters and often omitted entirely. In +# Yiddish, by contrast, all vowel sounds are represented by letters or +# combinations of letters. Because of this, even though the two languages +# share an alphabet, they need to use separate Braille tables. + +# Background: +# +# This braille table is being proposed by a sighted teacher and a blind student +# of Yiddish at the Boston Worker's Circle, who have been working together, along +# with a consortium of advisors, to make the language accessible through braille. +# +# Yiddish was incorporated into unicode two decades ago with a few special characters +# and combinations of letters which have unique unicode characters, which are not +# represented by the Hebrew Braille table. The result is that, when a blind reader +# tries to read a Yiddish text file, many of the characters are not represented, filling +# the output with "mystery characters". +# This table is needed so that braille reader software will be able to recognize +# the unicode characters that represent Yiddish and display them in readable Braille. + +# This table is informed by and inspired by the Hebrew Braille table, but with Braille +# characters assigned to the letters based on the way they are pronounced in Yiddish. + +# Notable differences with the Hebrew Braille table are as follows: +# The letter ayin is used in Yiddish as a vowel "e". We have assigned it dots 15, +# overriding the Hebrew's 1246. +# The letter vov is used in Yiddish as the vowel "u", and two vovs are the consonant "v". +# We assigned the single vov dots 346, overriding Hebrew's 2456, and we assigned +# the double-vov dots 1236. +# The second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, beys, can be pronounced like a "b" or like a "v". +# In Hebrew Braille, the letter is assigned dots 1236, and when it has a dagesh (a dot +# in the middle of the letter representing that it's pronounced as a stop), it gets dots 12. +# In Yiddish, this letter is used to represent the sound "b" in most cases, and when it +# is used to represent the sound "v" it is written with a "rafe" which is a line +# above the letter (the rafe is not generally used in Hebrew). So we have assigned the +# unmarked beys the dots 12, and the beys with rafe (called "veys" in Yiddish) the dots 2456. +# There are a handful of special letter combinations that are used in Yiddish to represent +# dipthongs (combination vowels). The letters vov-yud are used to represent the sound "oy" and +# we've assigned that combo dots 246. The letters yud-yud are used to represent the sound "ey" +# and we've assigned them dots 26. The letters yud-yud-pasekh represent the sound "ay" and +# we've assigned them dots 356. +# For the letter alef with pasekh, used in Yiddish to represent the vowel "a", we've assigned +# dots 12346. For the letter alef with komets, used in Yiddish to represent the sound "o", we've +# selected dots 12356. + +# In the process, we've relied on a consortium of experts for advice, including: +# - Mark David, a board member of the League for Yiddish, who was involved in the +# effort to incorporate Yiddish into Unicode over 20 years ago. He is the force behind +# UYIP.org, a website and listserve for Understanding Yiddish Information Processing. +# - Harry Bochner, a linguist and software engineer who co-authored the +# Comprehensive Yiddish-English Dictionary +# - Caryn Navy, a braille expert who works at Duxbury Systems +# - Harris Mowbray, a software engineer with experience creating Braille tables +# for other languages +# - Daniel Carkner, a (sighted) Yiddish speaker who also reads UEB Braille + +# The final mapping of Yiddish letters to Braille characters was decided by +# Matthew Shifrin after a semester of learning to read Yiddish with various +# draft Braille tables. The final map is as follows: +# +# shtumer alef א 1 ⠁ +# pasekh alef אַ 12346 ⠯ +# komets alef אָ 12356 ⠷ +# beys ב 12 ⠃ +# veys בֿ 2456 ⠺ +# giml ג 1245 ⠛ +# daled ד 145 ⠙ +# hey ה 125 ⠓ +# vov ו 346 ⠬ +# tsvey vovn װ 1236 ⠧ +# vov yud ױ 246 ⠪ +# zayin ז 1356⠵ +# khes ח 1346 ⠭ +# tes ט 2345 ⠞ +# yud י 245 ⠚ +# tsvey yudn ײ 26 ⠢ +# pasekh tsvey yudn ײַ 356 ⠴ +# kof כּ 13 ⠅ +# khof כ 16 ⠡ +# lamed ל 123 ⠇ +# mem מ 134 ⠍ +# nun נ 1345 ⠝ +# samekh ס 234 ⠎ +# ayin ע 15 ⠑ +# pey פּ 1234 ⠏ +# fey פֿ 124 ⠋ +# tsadik צ 2346 ⠮ +# kuf ק 12345 ⠟ +# reysh ר 1235 ⠗ +# shin ש 146 ⠩ +# sin שׂ 156 ⠱ +# tof תּ 1256 ⠳ +# sof ת 1456 ⠹ + +# Braille indicators +numsign 3456 number sign, just a dots operand + +capsletter 6 +begcapsword 6-6 +endcapsword 6-3 + +# literary forms of the decimal digits +include litdigits6Dots.uti + +# display/passthrough for unicode braille +include braille-patterns.cti + +# include the hebrew braille table +include he-IL.utb + +include en-chardefs.cti All character definition opcodes + + +# YIDDISH + +punctuation \x05BF 36 # HEBREW POINT RAFE +letter \x05D0 1 # YIDDISH LETTER SHTUMER ALEF (silent letter) +letter \xFB2E 12346 # YIDDISH LETTER PASEKH ALEF (a) +letter \xFB2F 12356 # YIDDISH LETTER KOMETS ALEF (o) +letter \xfb31 12 # YIDDISH LETTER BEYS WITH DAGESH (b) +letter \xFB4C 2456 # YIDDISH LETTER VEYS WITH RAFE (v) +letter \x05d1 12 # YIDDISH LETTER BEYS (b) +letter \x05D2 1245 # YIDDISH LETTER GIML (g) +letter \x05D3 145 # YIDDISH LETTER DALED (d) +letter \x05D4 125 # YIDDISH LETTER HEY (h) +letter \x05D5 346 # YIDDISH LETTER VOV (u) +letter \xfb35 346 # YIDDISH LETTER MELUPM VOV (u) +letter \x05F0 1236 # YIDDISH LIGATURE TSVEY VOVN (v) +letter \x05F1 246 # YIDDISH LIGATURE VOV YUD (oy) +letter \x05D6 1356 # YIDDISH LETTER ZAYIN (z) +letter \x05D7 1346 # YIDDISH LETTER KHES (kh) +letter \x05D8 2345 # YIDDISH LETTER TES (t) +letter \x05D9 245 # YIDDISH LETTER YUD (i) +letter \xfb1d 245 # YIDDISH LETTER KHIRIK YUD (i) +letter \x05F2 26 # YIDDISH LIGATURE TSVEY YUDN (ey) +letter \xFB1F 356 # YIDDISH LIGATURE PASEKH TSVEY YUDN (ay) +letter \xFB3B 13 # YIDDISH LETTER KOF (k) +letter \x05DB 16 # YIDDISH LETTER KHOF (kh) +letter \x05DA 16 # YIDDISH LETTER LANGER KHOF (kh) +letter \x05DC 123 # YIDDISH LETTER LAMED (l) +letter \x05DE 134 # YIDDISH LETTER MEM (m) +letter \x05DD 134 # YIDDISH LETTER SHLOS MEM (m) +letter \x05E0 1345 # YIDDISH LETTER NUN (n) +letter \x05DF 1345 # YIDDISH LETTER LANGER NUN (n) +letter \x05E2 15 # YIDDISH LETTER AYIN (e) +letter \xFB44 1234 # YIDDISH LETTER PEY WITH DAGESH (p) +letter \xFB4E 124 # YIDDISH LETTER FEY WITH RAFE (f) +letter \x05E4 124 # YIDDISH LETTER FEY (f) +letter \x05E3 124 # YIDDISH LETTER LANGER FEY (f) +letter \x05E6 2346 # YIDDISH LETTER TSADIK (ts) +letter \x05E5 2346 # YIDDISH LETTER LANGER TSADIK (ts) +letter \x05E7 12345 # YIDDISH LETTER KUF (k) +letter \x05E8 1235 # YIDDISH LETTER REYSH (r) +letter \x05E9 146 # YIDDISH LETTER SHIN (sh) +letter \xFB2B 156 # YIDDISH LETTER SIN (s) +letter \xFB4A 1256 # YIDDISH LETTER TOF (t) +letter \x05EA 1456 # YIDDISH LETTER SOF (s) + +always \x05D5\x05D9 246 # YIDDISH LETTER VOV YUD (oy) +always \x05D5\x05D5 1236 # YIDDISH LETTER VOV VOV (v) +always \x05D9\x05D9 26 # YIDDISH LETTER YUD YUD +always \x05F2\x05B7 356 # YIDDISH LETTER PASEKH TSVEY YUDN WITH SEPARATE PASEKH +always \xFB1F 356 # YIDDISH LETTER PASEKH TSVEY YUDN +always \x05D1\x05BF 2456 # YIDDISH LETTER VEYS WITH SEPARATE RAFE +always \xFB4C 2456 # YIDDISH LETTER VEYS WITH SEPARATE RAFE +always \x05DB\x05BC 13 # YIDDISH LETTER KAF WITH SEPARATE DAGESH +always \xFB3B 13 # YIDDISH LETTER KAF WITH DAGESH כּ +always כּ 13 # YIDDISH LETTER KAF WITH SEPARATE DAGESH כּ +always פּ 1234 # YIDDISH LETTER PEY WITH SEPARATE DAGESH פּ +always פּ 1234 # YIDDISH LETTER PEY WITH DAGESH פּ +always \x05E4\x05BC 1234 # YIDDISH LETTER PEY WITH SEPARATE DAGESH פּ +always פֿ 124 # YIDDISH LETTER FEY WITH RAFE פֿ +always \x05E4\x05BF 124 # YIDDISH LETTER FEY WITH SEPARATE RAFE פֿ +always \x05E9\x05C2 156 # YIDDISH LETTER SIN WITH SEPARATE DOT +always שׂ 156 # YIDDISH LETTER SIN WITH DOT שׂ +always שׂ 156 # YIDDISH LETTER SIN WITH SEPARATE DOT שׂ +always \x05EA\x05BC 1256 # YIDDISH LETTER TOF WITH SEPARATE DAGESH תּ +always תּ 1256 # YIDDISH LETTER TOF WITH SEPARATE DAGESH תּ +always \x05D0\x05B7 12346 # YIDDISH LETTER PASEKH ALEF WITH SEPARATE PASEKH +always אַ 12346 # YIDDISH LETTER PASEKH ALEF WITH SEPARATE PASEKH +always \x05D0\x05B8 12356 # YIDDISH LETTER KOMETS ALEF WITH SEPARATE KOMETS +always אָ 12356 # YIDDISH LETTER KOMETS ALEF WITH SEPARATE KOMETS +always \x05D5\x05BC 346 # YIDDISH LETTER MELUPM VOV WITH SEPARATE DAGESH +always וּ 346 # YIDDISH LETTER MELUPM VOV WITH SEPARATE DAGESH +always \x05D9\x05B4 245 # YIDDISH LETTER KHIREK YUD WITH SEPARATE KHIREK +always יִ 245 # YIDDISH LETTER KHIREK YUD WITH SEPARATE KHIREK +always ב 12 # YIDDISH LETTER BEYS ב +always בּ 12 # YIDDISH LETTER BEYS WITH DAGESH בּ +always \x05E2 15 # YIDDISH LETTER AYIN (e) +always \x05D5 346 # YIDDISH LETTER VOV (u) +