From 112b14941df1a76c97309e28eba529d887bdf20f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: windsonsea <haifeng.yao@daocloud.io>
Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2024 09:31:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] [zh] Add assign-pod-level-resources.md

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+---
+title: 分配 Pod 级别 CPU 和内存资源
+content_type: task
+weight: 30
+min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.32
+---
+<!--
+title: Assign Pod-level CPU and memory resources
+content_type: task
+weight: 30
+min-kubernetes-server-version: 1.32
+-->
+
+<!-- overview -->
+
+{{< feature-state feature_gate_name="PodLevelResources" >}}
+
+<!--
+This page shows how to specify CPU and memory resources for a Pod at pod-level in
+addition to container-level resource specifications. A Kubernetes node allocates
+resources to a pod based on the pod's resource requests. These requests can be
+defined at the pod level or individually for containers within the pod. When
+both are present, the pod-level requests take precedence.
+-->
+本页介绍除了容器级别的资源规约外，如何在 Pod 级别指定 CPU 和内存资源。
+Kubernetes 节点基于 Pod 的资源请求分配资源。
+这些请求可以在 Pod 级别定义，也可以逐个为 Pod 内的容器定义。
+当两种级别的请求都存在时，Pod 级别的请求优先。
+
+<!--
+Similarly, a pod's resource usage is restricted by limits, which can also be set at
+the pod-level or individually for containers within the pod. Again,
+pod-level limits are prioritized when both are present. This allows for flexible
+resource management, enabling you to control resource allocation at both the pod and
+container levels.
+
+In order to specify the resources at pod-level, it is required to enable
+`PodLevelResources` [feature gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/).
+-->
+同样，Pod 的资源用量受限于限制值（limits），这些限制值也可以在 Pod 级别或为 Pod 内的容器逐个设置。
+另外，当两种级别的限制值都存在时，Pod 级别的设置值优先。
+这样可以灵活地管理资源，使你能够在 Pod 级别和容器级别控制资源分配。
+
+要在 Pod 级别指定资源，必须启用 `PodLevelResources`
+[特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)。
+
+<!--
+For Pod Level Resources:
+* Priority: When both pod-level and container-level resources are specified,
+  pod-level resources take precedence.
+* QoS: Pod-level resources take precedence in influencing the QoS class of the pod.
+* OOM Score: The OOM score adjustment calculation considers both pod-level and
+  container-level resources.
+* Compatibility: Pod-level resources are designed to be compatible with existing
+  features.
+-->
+对于 Pod 级别资源：
+
+* 优先级：当 Pod 级别和容器级别的资源被同时指定时，Pod 级别的资源优先。
+* QoS：Pod 级别的资源在影响 Pod 的 QoS 类时优先。
+* OOM 分数：OOM 分数调整计算会同时考虑 Pod 级别和容器级别的资源。
+* 兼容性：Pod 级别的资源设计为与现有特性兼容。
+
+## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
+
+{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}
+
+<!--
+The `PodLevelResources` [feature
+gate](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/) must be enabled
+for your control plane and for all nodes in your cluster.
+-->
+你必须为集群中的控制平面和所有节点启用 `PodLevelResources`
+[特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates/)。
+
+<!-- steps -->
+
+<!--
+## Create a namespace
+
+Create a namespace so that the resources you create in this exercise are
+isolated from the rest of your cluster.
+-->
+## 创建命名空间   {#create-a-namespace}
+
+创建一个命名空间，以便你在本次练习中所创建的资源与集群的其余部分隔离开来。
+
+```shell
+kubectl create namespace pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+## Create a pod with memory requests and limits at pod-level
+
+To specify memory requests for a Pod at pod-level, include the `resources.requests.memory`
+field in the Pod spec manifest. To specify a memory limit, include `resources.limits.memory`.
+
+In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one Container. The Pod has a
+memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB. Here's the configuration
+file for the Pod:
+-->
+## 创建具有 Pod 级别内存请求和限制的 Pod
+
+要在 Pod 级别为 Pod 指定内存请求，可以在 Pod 规约清单中包含 `resources.requests.memory` 字段。
+要指定内存限制，可以包含 `resources.limits.memory` 字段。
+
+在本次练习中，你将创建包含一个容器的 Pod。
+此 Pod 的内存请求为 100 MiB，内存限制为 200 MiB。以下是 Pod 的配置文件：
+
+{{% code_sample file="pods/resource/pod-level-memory-request-limit.yaml" %}}
+
+<!--
+The `args` section in the manifest provides arguments for the container when it starts.
+The `"--vm-bytes", "150M"` arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.
+
+Create the Pod:
+-->
+清单中的 `args` 部分在容器启动时为容器提供参数。
+`"--vm-bytes", "150M"` 参数告知容器尝试分配 150 MiB 的内存。
+
+创建 Pod：
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/pod-level-memory-request-limit.yaml --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+Verify that the Pod is running:
+-->
+验证 Pod 正在运行：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pod memory-demo --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+View detailed information about the Pod:
+-->
+查看 Pod 的详细信息：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pod memory-demo --output=yaml --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+The output shows that the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB
+and a memory limit of 200 MiB.
+-->
+输出显示 Pod 的内存请求为 100 MiB，内存限制为 200 MiB。
+
+```yaml
+...
+spec: 
+  containers:    
+  ...
+  resources:
+    requests:
+      memory: 100Mi
+    limits:
+      memory: 200Mi
+...
+```
+
+<!--
+Run `kubectl top` to fetch the metrics for the pod:
+-->
+运行 `kubectl top` 获取 Pod 的指标度量值：
+
+```shell
+kubectl top pod memory-demo --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which
+is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the
+Pod's 200 MiB limit.
+-->
+输出显示 Pod 使用了大约 162,900,000 字节的内存，约 150 MiB。
+这个数值超过了 Pod 的 100 MiB 请求值，但小于 Pod 的 200 MiB 限制值。
+
+```
+NAME                        CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
+memory-demo                 <something>  162856960
+```
+
+<!--
+## Create a pod with CPU requests and limits at pod-level
+To specify a CPU request for a Pod, include the `resources.requests.cpu` field
+in the Pod spec manifest. To specify a CPU limit, include `resources.limits.cpu`.
+
+In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one container. The Pod has a request
+of 0.5 CPU and a limit of 1 CPU. Here is the configuration file for the Pod:
+-->
+## 创建具有 Pod 级别 CPU 请求和限制的 Pod
+
+要为 Pod 指定 CPU 请求，可以在 Pod 规约清单中包含 `resources.requests.cpu` 字段。
+要指定 CPU 限制，可以包含 `resources.limits.cpu` 字段。
+
+在本次练习中，你将创建包含一个容器的 Pod。
+此 Pod 的请求为 0.5 CPU，限制为 1 CPU。以下是 Pod 的配置文件：
+
+{{% code_sample file="pods/resource/pod-level-cpu-request-limit.yaml" %}}
+
+<!--
+The `args` section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts.
+The `-cpus "2"` argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.
+
+Create the Pod:
+-->
+配置文件的 `args` 部分在容器启动时为容器提供参数。
+`-cpus "2"` 参数告知容器尝试使用 2 个 CPU。
+
+创建 Pod：
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/pod-level-cpu-request-limit.yaml --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+Verify that the Pod is running:
+-->
+验证 Pod 正在运行：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pod cpu-demo --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+View detailed information about the Pod:
+-->
+查看 Pod 的详细信息：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pod cpu-demo --output=yaml --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+The output shows that the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU
+and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.
+-->
+输出显示 Pod 的 CPU 请求为 500 milliCPU，CPU 限制为 1 CPU。
+
+```yaml
+spec:
+  containers:
+  ...
+  resources:
+    limits:
+      cpu: "1"
+    requests:
+      cpu: 500m
+```
+
+<!--
+Use `kubectl top` to fetch the metrics for the Pod:
+-->
+使用 `kubectl top` 获取 Pod 的指标度量值：
+
+```shell
+kubectl top pod cpu-demo --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+This example output shows that the Pod is using 974 milliCPU, which is
+slightly less than the limit of 1 CPU specified in the Pod configuration.
+-->
+这个示例的输出显示 Pod 使用了 974 milliCPU，这略低于 Pod 配置中指定的 1 CPU 限制值。
+
+```
+NAME                        CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
+cpu-demo                    974m         <something>
+```
+
+<!--
+Recall that by setting `-cpu "2"`, you configured the Container to attempt to use 2
+CPUs, but the Container is only being allowed to use about 1 CPU. The container's
+CPU use is being throttled, because the container is attempting to use more CPU
+resources than the Pod CPU limit.
+-->
+请注意，通过设置 `-cpu "2"`，你配置了容器尝试使用 2 个 CPU，但容器仅被允许使用约 1 个 CPU。
+容器的 CPU 用量受到限制，因为容器正在尝试使用超过 Pod CPU 限制值的 CPU 资源。
+
+<!--
+## Create a pod with resource requests and limits at both pod-level and container-level
+
+To assign CPU and memory resources to a Pod, you can specify them at both the pod
+level and the container level.  Include the `resources` field in the Pod spec to
+define resources for the entire Pod. Additionally, include the `resources` field
+within container's specification in the Pod's manifest to set container-specific
+resource requirements.
+-->
+## 创建具有 Pod 级别和容器级别资源请求和限制的 Pod
+
+要为 Pod 指定 CPU 和内存资源，你可以在 Pod 级别和容器级别同时指定它们。
+在 Pod 规约中包含 `resources` 字段以定义整个 Pod 的资源。
+此外，在 Pod 的清单中包含容器规约中的 `resources` 字段，以设置特定于容器的资源要求。
+
+<!--
+In this exercise, you'll create a Pod with two containers to explore the interaction
+of pod-level and container-level resource specifications. The Pod itself will have
+defined CPU requests and limits, while only one of the containers will have its own
+explicit resource requests and limits. The other container will inherit the resource
+constraints from the pod-level settings. Here's the configuration file for the Pod:
+-->
+在本次练习中，你将创建包含两个容器的 Pod，以探索 Pod 级别和容器级别资源规约的相互作用。
+Pod 本身将定义 CPU 请求和限制，而只有一个容器将带有自己的显式资源请求和限制。
+另一个容器将从 Pod 级别设置中继承资源约束。以下是 Pod 的配置文件：
+
+{{% code_sample file="pods/resource/pod-level-resources.yaml" %}}
+
+<!--
+Create the Pod:
+-->
+创建 Pod：
+
+```shell
+kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/pod-level-resources.yaml --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+Verify that the Pod Container is running:
+-->
+验证 Pod 容器正在运行：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pod-resources-demo --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+View detailed information about the Pod:
+-->
+查看 Pod 的详细信息：
+
+```shell
+kubectl get pod memory-demo --output=yaml --namespace=pod-resources-example
+```
+
+<!--
+The output shows that one container in the Pod has a memory request of 50 MiB and a
+CPU request of 0.5 cores, with a memory limit of 100 MiB and a CPU limit of 0.5
+cores. The Pod itself has a memory request of 100 MiB and a CPU request of
+1 core, and a memory limit of 200 MiB and a CPU limit of 1 core.
+-->
+输出显示 Pod 中的一个容器具有 50 MiB 的内存请求和 0.5 核的 CPU 请求，
+内存限制为 100 MiB，CPU 限制为 0.5 核。
+Pod 本身具有 100 MiB 的内存请求和 1 核的 CPU 请求，以及 200 MiB 的内存限制和 1 核的 CPU 限制。
+
+```yaml
+...
+containers:
+  name: pod-resources-demo-ctr-1
+  resources:
+      requests:
+        cpu: 500m
+        memory: 50Mi
+      limits:
+        cpu: 500m
+        memory: 100Mi
+  ...
+  name: pod-resources-demo-ctr-2
+  resources: {}  
+resources:
+  limits:
+      cpu: 1
+      memory: 200Mi
+    requests:
+      cpu: 1
+      memory: 100Mi
+...
+```
+
+<!--
+Since pod-level requests and limits are specified, the request guarantees for both
+containers in the pod will be equal 1 core or CPU and 100Mi of memory. Additionally,
+both containers together won't be able to use more resources than specified in the
+pod-level limits, ensuring they cannot exceed a combined total of 200 MiB of memory
+and 1 core of CPU.
+-->
+由于 Pod 级别的请求和限制被指定，所以 Pod 中两个容器的请求保证将等于 1 核 CPU 和 100Mi 内存。
+此外，这两个容器能够使用的资源总量将不能超过 Pod 级别限制中指定的资源，
+确保其使用的资源不能超过 200 MiB 的内存和 1 核的 CPU。
+
+<!--
+## Clean up
+
+Delete your namespace:
+-->
+## 清理   {#clean-up}
+
+删除你的命名空间：
+
+```shell
+kubectl delete namespace pod-resources-example
+```
+
+## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
+
+<!--
+### For application developers
+
+* [Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-memory-resource/)
+
+* [Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/)
+-->
+### 对于应用开发者
+
+* [为容器和 Pod 分配内存资源](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-memory-resource/)
+* [为容器和 Pod 分配 CPU 资源](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/)
+
+<!--
+### For cluster administrators
+
+* [Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/memory-default-namespace/)
+
+* [Configure Default CPU Requests and Limits for a Namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/cpu-default-namespace/)
+
+* [Configure Minimum and Maximum Memory Constraints for a Namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/memory-constraint-namespace/)
+
+* [Configure Minimum and Maximum CPU Constraints for a Namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/cpu-constraint-namespace/)
+
+* [Configure Memory and CPU Quotas for a Namespace](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/quota-memory-cpu-namespace/)
+-->
+### 对于集群管理员
+
+* [为命名空间配置默认内存请求和限制](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/memory-default-namespace/)
+* [为命名空间配置默认 CPU 请求和限制](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/cpu-default-namespace/)
+* [为命名空间配置最小和最大内存约束](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/memory-constraint-namespace/)
+* [为命名空间配置最小和最大 CPU 约束](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/cpu-constraint-namespace/)
+* [为命名空间配置内存和 CPU 配额](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/quota-memory-cpu-namespace/)