audioTrainTest.py.bak

import sys
import numpy
import time
import os
import glob
import cPickle
import shutil
import audioop
import signal
import csv
import ntpath
import audioFeatureExtraction as aF
import audioBasicIO
from matplotlib.mlab import find
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.io as sIO
from scipy import linalg as la
from scipy.spatial import distance
import sklearn.svm
import sklearn.decomposition
import sklearn.ensemble

def signal_handler(signal, frame):
    print 'You pressed Ctrl+C! - EXIT'
    os.system("stty -cbreak echo")
    sys.exit(0)

signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)

shortTermWindow = 0.050
shortTermStep = 0.050
eps = 0.00000001


class kNN:
    def __init__(self, X, Y, k):
        self.X = X
        self.Y = Y
        self.k = k

    def classify(self, testSample):
        nClasses = numpy.unique(self.Y).shape[0]
        YDist = (distance.cdist(self.X, testSample.reshape(1, testSample.shape[0]), 'euclidean')).T
        iSort = numpy.argsort(YDist)
        P = numpy.zeros((nClasses,))
        for i in range(nClasses):
            P[i] = numpy.nonzero(self.Y[iSort[0][0:self.k]] == i)[0].shape[0] / float(self.k)
        return (numpy.argmax(P), P)


def classifierWrapper(classifier, classifierType, testSample):
    '''
    This function is used as a wrapper to pattern classification.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - classifier:        a classifier object of type sklearn.svm.SVC or kNN (defined in this library) or sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier or sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier  or sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier
        - classifierType:    "svm" or "knn" or "randomforests" or "gradientboosting" or "extratrees"
        - testSample:        a feature vector (numpy array)
    RETURNS:
        - R:            class ID
        - P:            probability estimate

    EXAMPLE (for some audio signal stored in array x):
        import audioFeatureExtraction as aF
        import audioTrainTest as aT
        # load the classifier (here SVM, for kNN use loadKNNModel instead):
        [Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep] = aT.loadSVModel(modelName)
        # mid-term feature extraction:
        [MidTermFeatures, _] = aF.mtFeatureExtraction(x, Fs, mtWin * Fs, mtStep * Fs, round(Fs*stWin), round(Fs*stStep));
        # feature normalization:
        curFV = (MidTermFeatures[:, i] - MEAN) / STD;
        # classification
        [Result, P] = classifierWrapper(Classifier, modelType, curFV)
    '''
    R = -1
    P = -1
    if classifierType == "knn":
        [R, P] = classifier.classify(testSample)
    elif classifierType == "svm" or classifierType == "randomforest" or classifierType == "gradientboosting" or "extratrees":
        R = classifier.predict(testSample.reshape(1,-1))[0]
        P = classifier.predict_proba(testSample.reshape(1,-1))[0]
    return [R, P]


def regressionWrapper(model, modelType, testSample):
    '''
    This function is used as a wrapper to pattern classification.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - model:        regression model
        - modelType:        "svm" or "knn" (TODO)
        - testSample:        a feature vector (numpy array)
    RETURNS:
        - R:            regression result (estimated value)

    EXAMPLE (for some audio signal stored in array x):
        TODO
    '''
    if modelType == "svm" or modelType == "randomforest" or modelType == "svm_rbf":
        return (model.predict(testSample.reshape(1,-1))[0])

    #    elif classifierType == "knn":
    #    TODO

    return None


def randSplitFeatures(features, partTrain):
    '''
    def randSplitFeatures(features):

    This function splits a feature set for training and testing.

    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features.
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - partTrain:        percentage
    RETURNS:
        - featuresTrains:    a list of training data for each class
        - featuresTest:        a list of testing data for each class
    '''

    featuresTrain = []
    featuresTest = []
    for i, f in enumerate(features):
        [numOfSamples, numOfDims] = f.shape
        randperm = numpy.random.permutation(range(numOfSamples))
        nTrainSamples = int(round(partTrain * numOfSamples))
        featuresTrain.append(f[randperm[0:nTrainSamples]])
        featuresTest.append(f[randperm[nTrainSamples::]])
    return (featuresTrain, featuresTest)


def trainKNN(features, K):
    '''
    Train a kNN  classifier.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features.
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - K:                parameter K
    RETURNS:
        - kNN:              the trained kNN variable

    '''
    [Xt, Yt] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    knn = kNN(Xt, Yt, K)
    return knn


def trainSVM(features, Cparam):
    '''
    Train a multi-class probabilitistic SVM classifier.
    Note:     This function is simply a wrapper to the sklearn functionality for SVM training
              See function trainSVM_feature() to use a wrapper on both the feature extraction and the SVM training (and parameter tuning) processes.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - Cparam:           SVM parameter C (cost of constraints violation)
    RETURNS:
        - svm:              the trained SVM variable

    NOTE:
        This function trains a linear-kernel SVM for a given C value. For a different kernel, other types of parameters should be provided.
    '''

    [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    svm = sklearn.svm.SVC(C = Cparam, kernel = 'linear',  probability = True)        
    svm.fit(X,Y)

    return svm

def trainSVM_RBF(features, Cparam):
    '''
    Train a multi-class probabilitistic SVM classifier.
    Note:     This function is simply a wrapper to the sklearn functionality for SVM training
              See function trainSVM_feature() to use a wrapper on both the feature extraction and the SVM training (and parameter tuning) processes.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - Cparam:           SVM parameter C (cost of constraints violation)
    RETURNS:
        - svm:              the trained SVM variable

    NOTE:
        This function trains a linear-kernel SVM for a given C value. For a different kernel, other types of parameters should be provided.
    '''

    [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    svm = sklearn.svm.SVC(C = Cparam, kernel = 'rbf',  probability = True)        
    svm.fit(X,Y)

    return svm


def trainRandomForest(features, n_estimators):
    '''
    Train a multi-class decision tree classifier.
    Note:     This function is simply a wrapper to the sklearn functionality for SVM training
              See function trainSVM_feature() to use a wrapper on both the feature extraction and the SVM training (and parameter tuning) processes.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - n_estimators:     number of trees in the forest
    RETURNS:
        - svm:              the trained SVM variable

    NOTE:
        This function trains a linear-kernel SVM for a given C value. For a different kernel, other types of parameters should be provided.
    '''

    [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    rf = sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators = n_estimators)
    rf.fit(X,Y)

    return rf

def trainGradientBoosting(features, n_estimators):
    '''
    Train a gradient boosting classifier
    Note:     This function is simply a wrapper to the sklearn functionality for SVM training
              See function trainSVM_feature() to use a wrapper on both the feature extraction and the SVM training (and parameter tuning) processes.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - n_estimators:     number of trees in the forest
    RETURNS:
        - svm:              the trained SVM variable

    NOTE:
        This function trains a linear-kernel SVM for a given C value. For a different kernel, other types of parameters should be provided.
    '''

    [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    rf = sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators = n_estimators)
    rf.fit(X,Y)

    return rf

def trainExtraTrees(features, n_estimators):
    '''
    Train a gradient boosting classifier
    Note:     This function is simply a wrapper to the sklearn functionality for extra tree classifiers
              See function trainSVM_feature() to use a wrapper on both the feature extraction and the SVM training (and parameter tuning) processes.
    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:         a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features
                            each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        - n_estimators:     number of trees in the forest
    RETURNS:
        - svm:              the trained SVM variable

    NOTE:
        This function trains a linear-kernel SVM for a given C value. For a different kernel, other types of parameters should be provided.
    '''

    [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    et = sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators = n_estimators)
    et.fit(X,Y)

    return et


def trainSVMregression(Features, Y, Cparam):    
    svm = sklearn.svm.SVR(C = Cparam, kernel = 'linear')    
    svm.fit(Features,Y)    
    trainError = numpy.mean(numpy.abs(svm.predict(Features) - Y))
    return svm, trainError


def trainSVMregression_rbf(Features, Y, Cparam):    
    svm = sklearn.svm.SVR(C = Cparam, kernel = 'rbf')    
    svm.fit(Features,Y)    
    trainError = numpy.mean(numpy.abs(svm.predict(Features) - Y))
    return svm, trainError


def trainRandomForestRegression(Features, Y, n_estimators):    
    rf = sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators = n_estimators)
    rf.fit(Features,Y)
    trainError = numpy.mean(numpy.abs(rf.predict(Features) - Y))
    return rf, trainError

def featureAndTrain(listOfDirs, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, classifierType, modelName, computeBEAT=False, perTrain=0.90):
    '''
    This function is used as a wrapper to segment-based audio feature extraction and classifier training.
    ARGUMENTS:
        listOfDirs:        list of paths of directories. Each directory contains a signle audio class whose samples are stored in seperate WAV files.
        mtWin, mtStep:        mid-term window length and step
        stWin, stStep:        short-term window and step
        classifierType:        "svm" or "knn" or "randomforest" or "gradientboosting" or "extratrees"
        modelName:        name of the model to be saved
    RETURNS:
        None. Resulting classifier along with the respective model parameters are saved on files.
    '''

    # STEP A: Feature Extraction:
    [features, classNames, _] = aF.dirsWavFeatureExtraction(listOfDirs, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT=computeBEAT)

    if len(features) == 0:
        print "trainSVM_feature ERROR: No data found in any input folder!"
        return

    numOfFeatures = features[0].shape[1]
    featureNames = ["features" + str(d + 1) for d in range(numOfFeatures)]

    writeTrainDataToARFF(modelName, features, classNames, featureNames)

    for i, f in enumerate(features):
        if len(f) == 0:
            print "trainSVM_feature ERROR: " + listOfDirs[i] + " folder is empty or non-existing!"
            return

    # STEP B: Classifier Evaluation and Parameter Selection:
    if classifierType == "svm" or classifierType == "svm_rbf":
        classifierParams = numpy.array([0.001, 0.01,  0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0])
    elif classifierType == "randomforest":
        classifierParams = numpy.array([10, 25, 50, 100,200,500])
    elif classifierType == "knn":
        classifierParams = numpy.array([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15])        
    elif classifierType == "gradientboosting":
        classifierParams = numpy.array([10, 25, 50, 100,200,500])        
    elif classifierType == "extratrees":
        classifierParams = numpy.array([10, 25, 50, 100,200,500])        

    # get optimal classifeir parameter:
    features2 = []
    for f in features:        
        fTemp = []
        for i in range(f.shape[0]):
            temp = f[i,:]
            if (not numpy.isnan(temp).any()) and (not numpy.isinf(temp).any()) :
                fTemp.append(temp.tolist())
            else:
                print "NaN Found! Feature vector not used for training"
        features2.append(numpy.array(fTemp))
    features = features2

    bestParam = evaluateClassifier(features, classNames, 100, classifierType, classifierParams, 0, perTrain)

    print "Selected params: {0:.5f}".format(bestParam)

    C = len(classNames)
    [featuresNorm, MEAN, STD] = normalizeFeatures(features)        # normalize features
    MEAN = MEAN.tolist()
    STD = STD.tolist()
    featuresNew = featuresNorm

    # STEP C: Save the classifier to file
    if classifierType == "svm":
        Classifier = trainSVM(featuresNew, bestParam)        
    elif classifierType == "svm_rbf":
        Classifier = trainSVM_RBF(featuresNew, bestParam)
    elif classifierType == "randomforest":
        Classifier = trainRandomForest(featuresNew, bestParam)
    elif classifierType == "gradientboosting":
        Classifier = trainGradientBoosting(featuresNew, bestParam)
    elif classifierType == "extratrees":
        Classifier = trainExtraTrees(featuresNew, bestParam)


    if classifierType == "knn":
        [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(featuresNew)
        X = X.tolist()
        Y = Y.tolist()
        fo = open(modelName, "wb")
        cPickle.dump(X, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(Y,  fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(MEAN, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(STD,  fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(classNames,  fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(bestParam,  fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(mtWin, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(mtStep, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(stWin, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(stStep, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(computeBEAT, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        fo.close()
    elif classifierType == "svm" or classifierType == "svm_rbf" or classifierType == "randomforest" or classifierType == "gradientboosting" or classifierType == "extratrees":
        with open(modelName, 'wb') as fid:                                            # save to file
            cPickle.dump(Classifier, fid)            
        fo = open(modelName + "MEANS", "wb")
        cPickle.dump(MEAN, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(STD, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(classNames, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(mtWin, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(mtStep, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(stWin, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(stStep, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        cPickle.dump(computeBEAT, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        fo.close()        


def featureAndTrainRegression(dirName, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, modelType, modelName, computeBEAT=False):
    '''
    This function is used as a wrapper to segment-based audio feature extraction and classifier training.
    ARGUMENTS:
        dirName:        path of directory containing the WAV files and Regression CSVs
        mtWin, mtStep:        mid-term window length and step
        stWin, stStep:        short-term window and step
        modelType:        "svm" or "knn" or "randomforest"
        modelName:        name of the model to be saved
    RETURNS:
        None. Resulting regression model along with the respective model parameters are saved on files.
    '''
    # STEP A: Feature Extraction:
    [features, _, fileNames] = aF.dirsWavFeatureExtraction([dirName], mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT=computeBEAT)
    features = features[0]
    fileNames = [ntpath.basename(f) for f in fileNames[0]]
    featuresFinal = []

    # Read CSVs:
    CSVs = glob.glob(dirName + os.sep + "*.csv")
    regressionLabels = []
    regressionNames = []
    featuresFinal = []
    for c in CSVs:                                                            # for each CSV
        #curRegressionLabels = numpy.zeros((len(fileNames, )))                 # read filenames, map to "fileNames" and append respective values in the regressionLabels
        curRegressionLabels = []
        featuresTemp = []
        with open(c, 'rb') as csvfile:                                        # open the csv file that contains the current target value's annotations
            CSVreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',', quotechar='|')
            for row in CSVreader:
                if len(row) == 2:                                             # if the current row contains two fields (filename, target value)
                    if row[0] in fileNames:                                   # ... and if the current filename exists in the list of filenames
                        index = fileNames.index(row[0])
                        #curRegressionLabels[index] = float(row[1])
                        curRegressionLabels.append(float(row[1]))
                        featuresTemp.append(features[index,:])

        featuresFinal.append(numpy.array(featuresTemp))
        regressionLabels.append(numpy.array(curRegressionLabels))                          # curRegressionLabels is the list of values for the current regression problem
        regressionNames.append(ntpath.basename(c).replace(".csv", ""))        # regression task name   
        if len(features) == 0:
            print "ERROR: No data found in any input folder!"
            return

    numOfFeatures = featuresFinal[0].shape[1]

    # TODO: ARRF WRITE????
    # STEP B: Classifier Evaluation and Parameter Selection:
    if modelType == "svm" or modelType == "svm_rbf":
        modelParams = numpy.array([0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0])        
    elif modelType == "randomforest":
        modelParams = numpy.array([5, 10, 25, 50, 100])

#    elif modelType == "knn":
#        modelParams = numpy.array([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]);
    errors = []
    errorsBase = []
    bestParams = []

    for iRegression, r in enumerate(regressionNames):
        # get optimal classifeir parameter:
        print "Regression task " + r
        bestParam, error, berror = evaluateRegression(featuresFinal[iRegression], regressionLabels[iRegression], 100, modelType, modelParams)
        errors.append(error)
        errorsBase.append(berror)
        bestParams.append(bestParam)
        print "Selected params: {0:.5f}".format(bestParam)

        [featuresNorm, MEAN, STD] = normalizeFeatures([featuresFinal[iRegression]])        # normalize features

        # STEP C: Save the model to file
        if modelType == "svm":
            Classifier, _ = trainSVMregression(featuresNorm[0], regressionLabels[iRegression], bestParam)
        if modelType == "svm_rbf":
            Classifier, _ = trainSVMregression_rbf(featuresNorm[0], regressionLabels[iRegression], bestParam)
        if modelType == "randomforest":
            Classifier, _ = trainRandomForestRegression(featuresNorm[0], regressionLabels[iRegression], bestParam)

        if modelType == "svm" or modelType == "svm_rbf" or modelType == "randomforest":
            with open(modelName + "_" + r, 'wb') as fid:                                            # save to file
                cPickle.dump(Classifier, fid)            
            fo = open(modelName + "_" + r + "MEANS", "wb")
            cPickle.dump(MEAN, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            cPickle.dump(STD,  fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            cPickle.dump(mtWin, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            cPickle.dump(mtStep, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            cPickle.dump(stWin, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            cPickle.dump(stStep, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            cPickle.dump(computeBEAT, fo, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
            fo.close()
    return errors, errorsBase, bestParams


def loadKNNModel(kNNModelName, isRegression=False):
    try:
        fo = open(kNNModelName, "rb")
    except IOError:
        print "didn't find file"
        return
    try:
        X = cPickle.load(fo)
        Y = cPickle.load(fo)
        MEAN = cPickle.load(fo)
        STD = cPickle.load(fo)
        if not isRegression:
            classNames = cPickle.load(fo)
        K = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        stWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        stStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        computeBEAT = cPickle.load(fo)
    except:
        fo.close()
    fo.close()

    X = numpy.array(X)
    Y = numpy.array(Y)
    MEAN = numpy.array(MEAN)
    STD = numpy.array(STD)

    Classifier = kNN(X, Y, K)  # Note: a direct call to the kNN constructor is used here

    if isRegression:
        return(Classifier, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)
    else:
        return(Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)


def loadSVModel(SVMmodelName, isRegression=False):
    '''
    This function loads an SVM model either for classification or training.
    ARGMUMENTS:
        - SVMmodelName:     the path of the model to be loaded
        - isRegression:        a flag indigating whereas this model is regression or not
    '''
    try:
        fo = open(SVMmodelName+"MEANS", "rb")
    except IOError:
            print "Load SVM Model: Didn't find file"
            return
    try:
        MEAN = cPickle.load(fo)
        STD = cPickle.load(fo)
        if not isRegression:
            classNames = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        stWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        stStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        computeBEAT = cPickle.load(fo)

    except:
        fo.close()
    fo.close()

    MEAN = numpy.array(MEAN)
    STD = numpy.array(STD)

    COEFF = []
    with open(SVMmodelName, 'rb') as fid:
        SVM = cPickle.load(fid)    

    if isRegression:
        return(SVM, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)
    else:
        return(SVM, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)


def loadRandomForestModel(RFmodelName, isRegression=False):
    '''
    This function loads an SVM model either for classification or training.
    ARGMUMENTS:
        - SVMmodelName:     the path of the model to be loaded
        - isRegression:     a flag indigating whereas this model is regression or not
    '''
    try:
        fo = open(RFmodelName+"MEANS", "rb")
    except IOError:
            print "Load Random Forest Model: Didn't find file"
            return
    try:
        MEAN = cPickle.load(fo)
        STD = cPickle.load(fo)
        if not isRegression:
            classNames = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        stWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        stStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        computeBEAT = cPickle.load(fo)

    except:
        fo.close()
    fo.close()

    MEAN = numpy.array(MEAN)
    STD = numpy.array(STD)

    COEFF = []
    with open(RFmodelName, 'rb') as fid:
        RF = cPickle.load(fid)    

    if isRegression:
        return(RF, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)
    else:
        return(RF, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)

def loadGradientBoostingModel(GBModelName, isRegression=False):
    '''
    This function loads gradient boosting either for classification or training.
    ARGMUMENTS:
        - SVMmodelName:     the path of the model to be loaded
        - isRegression:     a flag indigating whereas this model is regression or not
    '''
    try:
        fo = open(GBModelName+"MEANS", "rb")
    except IOError:
            print "Load Random Forest Model: Didn't find file"
            return
    try:
        MEAN = cPickle.load(fo)
        STD = cPickle.load(fo)
        if not isRegression:
            classNames = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        stWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        stStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        computeBEAT = cPickle.load(fo)

    except:
        fo.close()
    fo.close()

    MEAN = numpy.array(MEAN)
    STD = numpy.array(STD)

    COEFF = []
    with open(GBModelName, 'rb') as fid:
        GB = cPickle.load(fid)    

    if isRegression:
        return(GB, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)
    else:
        return(GB, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)

def loadExtraTreesModel(ETmodelName, isRegression=False):
    '''
    This function loads extra trees either for classification or training.
    ARGMUMENTS:
        - SVMmodelName:     the path of the model to be loaded
        - isRegression:     a flag indigating whereas this model is regression or not
    '''
    try:
        fo = open(ETmodelName+"MEANS", "rb")
    except IOError:
            print "Load Random Forest Model: Didn't find file"
            return
    try:
        MEAN = cPickle.load(fo)
        STD = cPickle.load(fo)
        if not isRegression:
            classNames = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        mtStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        stWin = cPickle.load(fo)
        stStep = cPickle.load(fo)
        computeBEAT = cPickle.load(fo)

    except:
        fo.close()
    fo.close()

    MEAN = numpy.array(MEAN)
    STD = numpy.array(STD)

    COEFF = []
    with open(ETmodelName, 'rb') as fid:
        GB = cPickle.load(fid)    

    if isRegression:
        return(GB, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)
    else:
        return(GB, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT)


def evaluateClassifier(features, ClassNames, nExp, ClassifierName, Params, parameterMode, perTrain=0.90):
    '''
    ARGUMENTS:
        features:     a list ([numOfClasses x 1]) whose elements containt numpy matrices of features.
                each matrix features[i] of class i is [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        ClassNames:    list of class names (strings)
        nExp:        number of cross-validation experiments
        ClassifierName: svm or knn or randomforest
        Params:        list of classifier parameters (for parameter tuning during cross-validation)
        parameterMode:    0: choose parameters that lead to maximum overall classification ACCURACY
                1: choose parameters that lead to maximum overall F1 MEASURE
    RETURNS:
         bestParam:    the value of the input parameter that optimizes the selected performance measure
    '''

    # feature normalization:
    (featuresNorm, MEAN, STD) = normalizeFeatures(features)
    #featuresNorm = features;
    nClasses = len(features)
    CAll = []
    acAll = []
    F1All = []
    PrecisionClassesAll = []
    RecallClassesAll = []
    ClassesAll = []
    F1ClassesAll = []
    CMsAll = []

    # compute total number of samples:
    nSamplesTotal = 0
    for f in features:
        nSamplesTotal += f.shape[0]
    if nSamplesTotal > 1000 and nExp > 50:
        nExp = 50
        print "Number of training experiments changed to 50 due to high number of samples"
    if nSamplesTotal > 2000 and nExp > 10:
        nExp = 10
        print "Number of training experiments changed to 10 due to high number of samples"

    for Ci, C in enumerate(Params):                # for each param value
                CM = numpy.zeros((nClasses, nClasses))
                for e in range(nExp):              # for each cross-validation iteration:
                    print "Param = {0:.5f} - Classifier Evaluation Experiment {1:d} of {2:d}".format(C, e+1, nExp)
                    # split features:
                    featuresTrain, featuresTest = randSplitFeatures(featuresNorm, perTrain)
                    # train multi-class svms:
                    if ClassifierName == "svm":
                        Classifier = trainSVM(featuresTrain, C)
                    elif ClassifierName == "svm_rbf":
                        Classifier = trainSVM_RBF(featuresTrain, C)
                    elif ClassifierName == "knn":
                        Classifier = trainKNN(featuresTrain, C)
                    elif ClassifierName == "randomforest":
                        Classifier = trainRandomForest(featuresTrain, C)
                    elif ClassifierName == "gradientboosting":
                        Classifier = trainGradientBoosting(featuresTrain, C)
                    elif ClassifierName == "extratrees":
                        Classifier = trainExtraTrees(featuresTrain, C)

                    CMt = numpy.zeros((nClasses, nClasses))
                    for c1 in range(nClasses):
                        #Results = Classifier.pred(featuresTest[c1])
                        nTestSamples = len(featuresTest[c1])
                        Results = numpy.zeros((nTestSamples, 1))
                        for ss in range(nTestSamples):
                            [Results[ss], _] = classifierWrapper(Classifier, ClassifierName, featuresTest[c1][ss])
                        for c2 in range(nClasses):
                            CMt[c1][c2] = float(len(numpy.nonzero(Results == c2)[0]))
                    CM = CM + CMt
                CM = CM + 0.0000000010
                Rec = numpy.zeros((CM.shape[0], ))
                Pre = numpy.zeros((CM.shape[0], ))

                for ci in range(CM.shape[0]):
                    Rec[ci] = CM[ci, ci] / numpy.sum(CM[ci, :])
                    Pre[ci] = CM[ci, ci] / numpy.sum(CM[:, ci])
                PrecisionClassesAll.append(Pre)
                RecallClassesAll.append(Rec)
                F1 = 2 * Rec * Pre / (Rec + Pre)
                F1ClassesAll.append(F1)
                acAll.append(numpy.sum(numpy.diagonal(CM)) / numpy.sum(CM))

                CMsAll.append(CM)
                F1All.append(numpy.mean(F1))
                # print "{0:6.4f}{1:6.4f}{2:6.1f}{3:6.1f}".format(nu, g, 100.0*acAll[-1], 100.0*F1All[-1])

    print ("\t\t"),
    for i, c in enumerate(ClassNames):
        if i == len(ClassNames)-1:
            print "{0:s}\t\t".format(c),
        else:
            print "{0:s}\t\t\t".format(c),
    print ("OVERALL")
    print ("\tC"),
    for c in ClassNames:
        print "\tPRE\tREC\tF1",
    print "\t{0:s}\t{1:s}".format("ACC", "F1")
    bestAcInd = numpy.argmax(acAll)
    bestF1Ind = numpy.argmax(F1All)
    for i in range(len(PrecisionClassesAll)):
        print "\t{0:.3f}".format(Params[i]),
        for c in range(len(PrecisionClassesAll[i])):
            print "\t{0:.1f}\t{1:.1f}\t{2:.1f}".format(100.0 * PrecisionClassesAll[i][c], 100.0 * RecallClassesAll[i][c], 100.0 * F1ClassesAll[i][c]),
        print "\t{0:.1f}\t{1:.1f}".format(100.0 * acAll[i], 100.0 * F1All[i]),
        if i == bestF1Ind:
            print "\t best F1",
        if i == bestAcInd:
            print "\t best Acc",
        print

    if parameterMode == 0:    # keep parameters that maximize overall classification accuracy:
        print "Confusion Matrix:"
        printConfusionMatrix(CMsAll[bestAcInd], ClassNames)
        return Params[bestAcInd]
    elif parameterMode == 1:  # keep parameters that maximize overall F1 measure:
        print "Confusion Matrix:"
        printConfusionMatrix(CMsAll[bestF1Ind], ClassNames)
        return Params[bestF1Ind]


def evaluateRegression(features, labels, nExp, MethodName, Params):
    '''
    ARGUMENTS:
        features:     numpy matrices of features [numOfSamples x numOfDimensions]
        labels:       list of sample labels
        nExp:         number of cross-validation experiments
        MethodName:   "svm" or "randomforest"
        Params:       list of classifier params to be evaluated
    RETURNS:
         bestParam:   the value of the input parameter that optimizes the selected performance measure
    '''

    # feature normalization:
    (featuresNorm, MEAN, STD) = normalizeFeatures([features])
    featuresNorm = featuresNorm[0]
    nSamples = labels.shape[0]
    partTrain = 0.9
    ErrorsAll = []
    ErrorsTrainAll = []
    ErrorsBaselineAll = []
    for Ci, C in enumerate(Params):                # for each param value
                Errors = []
                ErrorsTrain = []
                ErrorsBaseline = []
                for e in range(nExp):             # for each cross-validation iteration:
                    # split features:
                    randperm = numpy.random.permutation(range(nSamples))
                    nTrain = int(round(partTrain * nSamples))
                    featuresTrain = [featuresNorm[randperm[i]] for i in range(nTrain)]
                    featuresTest = [featuresNorm[randperm[i+nTrain]] for i in range(nSamples - nTrain)]
                    labelsTrain = [labels[randperm[i]] for i in range(nTrain)]
                    labelsTest = [labels[randperm[i + nTrain]] for i in range(nSamples - nTrain)]

                    # train multi-class svms:                    
                    featuresTrain = numpy.matrix(featuresTrain)                                 
                    if MethodName == "svm":                                        
                        [Classifier, trainError] = trainSVMregression(featuresTrain, labelsTrain, C)     
                    elif MethodName == "svm_rbf":                      
                        [Classifier, trainError] = trainSVMregression_rbf(featuresTrain, labelsTrain, C)                                             
                    elif MethodName == "randomforest":
                        [Classifier, trainError] = trainRandomForestRegression(featuresTrain, labelsTrain, C)
                    ErrorTest = []
                    ErrorTestBaseline = []
                    for itest, fTest in enumerate(featuresTest):
                        R = regressionWrapper(Classifier, MethodName, fTest)
                        Rbaseline = numpy.mean(labelsTrain)
                        ErrorTest.append((R - labelsTest[itest]) * (R - labelsTest[itest]))
                        ErrorTestBaseline.append((Rbaseline - labelsTest[itest]) * (Rbaseline - labelsTest[itest]))
                    Error = numpy.array(ErrorTest).mean()
                    ErrorBaseline = numpy.array(ErrorTestBaseline).mean()
                    Errors.append(Error)
                    ErrorsTrain.append(trainError)
                    ErrorsBaseline.append(ErrorBaseline)
                ErrorsAll.append(numpy.array(Errors).mean())
                ErrorsTrainAll.append(numpy.array(ErrorsTrain).mean())
                ErrorsBaselineAll.append(numpy.array(ErrorsBaseline).mean())

    bestInd = numpy.argmin(ErrorsAll)

    print "{0:s}\t\t{1:s}\t\t{2:s}\t\t{3:s}".format("Param", "MSE", "T-MSE", "R-MSE")
    for i in range(len(ErrorsAll)):
        print "{0:.4f}\t\t{1:.2f}\t\t{2:.2f}\t\t{3:.2f}".format(Params[i], ErrorsAll[i], ErrorsTrainAll[i], ErrorsBaselineAll[i]),
        if i == bestInd:
            print "\t\t best",
        print
    return Params[bestInd], ErrorsAll[bestInd], ErrorsBaselineAll[bestInd]


def printConfusionMatrix(CM, ClassNames):
    '''
    This function prints a confusion matrix for a particular classification task.
    ARGUMENTS:
        CM:            a 2-D numpy array of the confusion matrix
                       (CM[i,j] is the number of times a sample from class i was classified in class j)
        ClassNames:    a list that contains the names of the classes
    '''

    if CM.shape[0] != len(ClassNames):
        print "printConfusionMatrix: Wrong argument sizes\n"
        return

    for c in ClassNames:
        if len(c) > 4:
            c = c[0:3]
        print "\t{0:s}".format(c),
    print

    for i, c in enumerate(ClassNames):
        if len(c) > 4:
            c = c[0:3]
        print "{0:s}".format(c),
        for j in range(len(ClassNames)):
            print "\t{0:.2f}".format(100.0 * CM[i][j] / numpy.sum(CM)),
        print


def normalizeFeatures(features):
    '''
    This function normalizes a feature set to 0-mean and 1-std.
    Used in most classifier trainning cases.

    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:    list of feature matrices (each one of them is a numpy matrix)
    RETURNS:
        - featuresNorm:    list of NORMALIZED feature matrices
        - MEAN:        mean vector
        - STD:        std vector
    '''
    X = numpy.array([])

    for count, f in enumerate(features):
        if f.shape[0] > 0:
            if count == 0:
                X = f
            else:
                X = numpy.vstack((X, f))
            count += 1

    MEAN = numpy.mean(X, axis=0) + 0.00000000000001;
    STD = numpy.std(X, axis=0) + 0.00000000000001;

    featuresNorm = []
    for f in features:
        ft = f.copy()
        for nSamples in range(f.shape[0]):
            ft[nSamples, :] = (ft[nSamples, :] - MEAN) / STD
        featuresNorm.append(ft)
    return (featuresNorm, MEAN, STD)


def listOfFeatures2Matrix(features):
    '''
    listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)

    This function takes a list of feature matrices as argument and returns a single concatenated feature matrix and the respective class labels.

    ARGUMENTS:
        - features:        a list of feature matrices

    RETURNS:
        - X:            a concatenated matrix of features
        - Y:            a vector of class indeces
    '''

    X = numpy.array([])
    Y = numpy.array([])
    for i, f in enumerate(features):
        if i == 0:
            X = f
            Y = i * numpy.ones((len(f), 1))
        else:
            X = numpy.vstack((X, f))
            Y = numpy.append(Y, i * numpy.ones((len(f), 1)))
    return (X, Y)


def pcaDimRed(features, nDims):
    [X, Y] = listOfFeatures2Matrix(features)
    pca = sklearn.decomposition.PCA(n_components = nDims)
    pca.fit(X)
    coeff = pca.components_
    coeff = coeff[:, 0:nDims]

    featuresNew = []
    for f in features:
        ft = f.copy()
#        ft = pca.transform(ft, k=nDims)
        ft = numpy.dot(f, coeff)
        featuresNew.append(ft)

    return (featuresNew, coeff)


def fileClassification(inputFile, modelName, modelType):
    # Load classifier:

    if not os.path.isfile(modelName):
        print "fileClassification: input modelName not found!"
        return (-1, -1, -1)

    if not os.path.isfile(inputFile):
        print "fileClassification: wav file not found!"
        return (-1, -1, -1)

    if (modelType) == 'svm' or (modelType == 'svm_rbf'):
        [Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadSVModel(modelName)
    elif modelType == 'knn':
        [Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadKNNModel(modelName)
    elif modelType == 'randomforest':
        [Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadRandomForestModel(modelName)
    elif modelType == 'gradientboosting':
        [Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadGradientBoostingModel(modelName)
    elif modelType == 'extratrees':
        [Classifier, MEAN, STD, classNames, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadExtraTreesModel(modelName)

    [Fs, x] = audioBasicIO.readAudioFile(inputFile)        # read audio file and convert to mono
    x = audioBasicIO.stereo2mono(x)

    if isinstance(x, int):                                 # audio file IO problem
        return (-1, -1, -1)
    if x.shape[0] / float(Fs) <= mtWin:
        return (-1, -1, -1)

    # feature extraction:
    [MidTermFeatures, s] = aF.mtFeatureExtraction(x, Fs, mtWin * Fs, mtStep * Fs, round(Fs * stWin), round(Fs * stStep))
    MidTermFeatures = MidTermFeatures.mean(axis=1)        # long term averaging of mid-term statistics
    if computeBEAT:
        [beat, beatConf] = aF.beatExtraction(s, stStep)
        MidTermFeatures = numpy.append(MidTermFeatures, beat)
        MidTermFeatures = numpy.append(MidTermFeatures, beatConf)
    curFV = (MidTermFeatures - MEAN) / STD                # normalization

    [Result, P] = classifierWrapper(Classifier, modelType, curFV)    # classification        
    return Result, P, classNames


def fileRegression(inputFile, modelName, modelType):
    # Load classifier:

    if not os.path.isfile(inputFile):
        print "fileClassification: wav file not found!"
        return (-1, -1, -1)

    regressionModels = glob.glob(modelName + "_*")
    regressionModels2 = []
    for r in regressionModels:
        if r[-5::] != "MEANS":
            regressionModels2.append(r)
    regressionModels = regressionModels2
    regressionNames = []
    for r in regressionModels:
        regressionNames.append(r[r.rfind("_")+1::])

    # FEATURE EXTRACTION
    # LOAD ONLY THE FIRST MODEL (for mtWin, etc)
    if modelType == 'svm' or modelType == "svm_rbf":        
        [_, _, _, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadSVModel(regressionModels[0], True)
    elif modelType == 'randomforest':
        [_, _, _, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadRandomForestModel(regressionModels[0], True)

    [Fs, x] = audioBasicIO.readAudioFile(inputFile)        # read audio file and convert to mono
    x = audioBasicIO.stereo2mono(x)
    # feature extraction:
    [MidTermFeatures, s] = aF.mtFeatureExtraction(x, Fs, mtWin * Fs, mtStep * Fs, round(Fs * stWin), round(Fs * stStep))
    MidTermFeatures = MidTermFeatures.mean(axis=1)        # long term averaging of mid-term statistics
    if computeBEAT:
        [beat, beatConf] = aF.beatExtraction(s, stStep)
        MidTermFeatures = numpy.append(MidTermFeatures, beat)
        MidTermFeatures = numpy.append(MidTermFeatures, beatConf)

    # REGRESSION
    R = []
    for ir, r in enumerate(regressionModels):
        if not os.path.isfile(r):
            print "fileClassification: input modelName not found!"
            return (-1, -1, -1)
        if modelType == 'svm' or modelType == "svm_rbf":
            [Model, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadSVModel(r, True)
        elif modelType == 'randomforest':
            [Model, MEAN, STD, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, computeBEAT] = loadRandomForestModel(r, True)
        curFV = (MidTermFeatures - MEAN) / STD                  # normalization
        R.append(regressionWrapper(Model, modelType, curFV))    # classification
    return R, regressionNames


def lda(data, labels, redDim):
    # Centre data
    data -= data.mean(axis=0)
    nData = numpy.shape(data)[0]
    nDim = numpy.shape(data)[1]
    print nData, nDim
    Sw = numpy.zeros((nDim, nDim))
    Sb = numpy.zeros((nDim, nDim))

    C = numpy.cov((data.T))

    # Loop over classes
    classes = numpy.unique(labels)
    for i in range(len(classes)):
        # Find relevant datapoints
        indices = (numpy.where(labels == classes[i]))
        d = numpy.squeeze(data[indices, :])
        classcov = numpy.cov((d.T))
        Sw += float(numpy.shape(indices)[0])/nData * classcov

    Sb = C - Sw
    # Now solve for W
    # Compute eigenvalues, eigenvectors and sort into order
    #evals,evecs = linalg.eig(dot(linalg.pinv(Sw),sqrt(Sb)))
    evals, evecs = la.eig(Sw, Sb)
    indices = numpy.argsort(evals)
    indices = indices[::-1]
    evecs = evecs[:, indices]
    evals = evals[indices]
    w = evecs[:, :redDim]
    #print evals, w

    newData = numpy.dot(data, w)
    #for i in range(newData.shape[0]):
    #    plt.text(newData[i,0],newData[i,1],str(labels[i]))

    #plt.xlim([newData[:,0].min(), newData[:,0].max()])
    #plt.ylim([newData[:,1].min(), newData[:,1].max()])
    #plt.show()
    return newData, w


def writeTrainDataToARFF(modelName, features, classNames, featureNames):
    f = open(modelName + ".arff", 'w')
    f.write('@RELATION ' + modelName + '\n')
    for fn in featureNames:
        f.write('@ATTRIBUTE ' + fn + ' NUMERIC\n')
    f.write('@ATTRIBUTE class {')
    for c in range(len(classNames)-1):
        f.write(classNames[c] + ',')
    f.write(classNames[-1] + '}\n\n')
    f.write('@DATA\n')
    for c, fe in enumerate(features):
        for i in range(fe.shape[0]):
            for j in range(fe.shape[1]):
                f.write("{0:f},".format(fe[i, j]))
            f.write(classNames[c]+"\n")
    f.close()


def trainSpeakerModelsScript():
    '''
    This script is used to train the speaker-related models (NOTE: data paths are hard-coded and NOT included in the library, the models are, however included)
         import audioTrainTest as aT
        aT.trainSpeakerModelsScript()

    '''
    mtWin = 2.0
    mtStep = 2.0
    stWin = 0.020
    stStep = 0.020

    dirName = "DIARIZATION_ALL/all"
    listOfDirs = [os.path.join(dirName, name) for name in os.listdir(dirName) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(dirName, name))]
    featureAndTrain(listOfDirs, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, "knn", "data/knnSpeakerAll", computeBEAT=False, perTrain=0.50)

    dirName = "DIARIZATION_ALL/female_male"
    listOfDirs = [os.path.join(dirName, name) for name in os.listdir(dirName) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(dirName, name))]
    featureAndTrain(listOfDirs, mtWin, mtStep, stWin, stStep, "knn", "data/knnSpeakerFemaleMale", computeBEAT=False, perTrain=0.50)


def main(argv):
    return 0

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)