diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/linux-ci.yml
index 7e77940..873ae6b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux-ci.yml
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ jobs:
         git clone -b ${{ matrix.kokkos-branch }} https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos.git /tmp/kokkos-source &&
         cmake -B /tmp/kokkos-build
           -DKokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL=ON
-          -DKokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD=ON
+          -DKokkos_ENABLE_THREADS=ON
           -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
           -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON
           /tmp/kokkos-source &&
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ jobs:
       run:
         python -m pip install -r requirements.txt &&
         python -m pip install pytest &&
-        PYKOKKOS_BASE_SETUP_ARGS="-DENABLE_WERROR=ON -DENABLE_MEMORY_TRAITS=ON -DENABLE_LAYOUTS=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17 -DKokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD=ON -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF"
+        PYKOKKOS_BASE_SETUP_ARGS="-DENABLE_WERROR=ON -DENABLE_MEMORY_TRAITS=ON -DENABLE_LAYOUTS=ON -DENABLE_VIEW_RANKS=2 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17 -DKokkos_ENABLE_THREADS=ON -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF"
           python -m pip install -v --user --no-deps -e .
 
     - name: Import Test
@@ -191,3 +191,74 @@ jobs:
       working-directory: ${{github.workspace}}/scratch
       run:
         pytest $(dirname $(python -c "import kokkos; print(kokkos.__file__)" 2> /dev/null))
+
+  subproject:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: [3.9]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      with:
+        path: ${{github.workspace}}/pykokkos-base
+        submodules: true
+
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Update container
+      run:
+        sudo apt-get update &&
+        sudo apt-get install -y build-essential gcc g++ ninja-build &&
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip &&
+        python -m pip install 'cmake==3.18.4'
+
+    - name: Generate Hierarchy
+      run: |
+        cp -r ${{github.workspace}}/pykokkos-base/external/kokkos ${{github.workspace}}/kokkos
+        cp -r ${{github.workspace}}/pykokkos-base/external/pybind11 ${{github.workspace}}/pybind11
+        ls
+        ls *
+
+    - name: Generate CMakeLists.txt
+      run: |
+        echo -e "cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16.0 FATAL_ERROR)\nproject(pykokkos-base-as-subproject LANGUAGES CXX)\nadd_subdirectory(kokkos)\nadd_subdirectory(pybind11)\nadd_subdirectory(pykokkos-base)" > ${{github.workspace}}/CMakeLists.txt
+        cat ${{github.workspace}}/CMakeLists.txt
+
+    - name: Configure CMake
+      run:
+        python -m pip install -r ${{github.workspace}}/pykokkos-base/requirements.txt &&
+        python -m pip install pytest &&
+        cmake -B ${{github.workspace}}/build
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{env.BUILD_TYPE}}
+          -DENABLE_LAYOUTS=OFF
+          -DENABLE_MEMORY_TRAITS=OFF
+          -DENABLE_VIEW_RANKS=1
+          -DENABLE_EXAMPLES=ON
+          -DENABLE_WERROR=ON
+          -DKokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL=ON
+          -DKokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP=ON
+          -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
+          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(which python)
+          -DPython3_EXECUTABLE=$(which python)
+          ${{github.workspace}}
+
+    - name: Build
+      run:
+        cmake --build ${{github.workspace}}/build --target all --parallel 2 &&
+        sudo cmake --build ${{github.workspace}}/build --target install --parallel 2
+
+    - name: Setup PYTHONPATH
+      run:
+        echo "PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python${{ matrix.python-version }}/site-packages:${PYTHONPATH}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Import Test
+      run:
+        DEBUG_OUTPUT=ON python -c "import kokkos; print(kokkos.__file__)"
+
+    - name: Test
+      run:
+        python -m kokkos.test
diff --git a/.jenkins b/.jenkins
index 5f3e124..cbdc0c0 100644
--- a/.jenkins
+++ b/.jenkins
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pipeline {
                                 -DKokkos_ENABLE_HIP=ON \
                                 -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
                                 /tmp/kokkos-source'''
-                        sh 'cmake --build /tmp/kokkos-build --target all --parallel ${BUILD_JOBS}'
+                        sh 'cmake --build /tmp/kokkos-build --target all --parallel ${BUILD_JOBS} -- VERBOSE=1'
                         sh 'cmake --build /tmp/kokkos-build --target install --parallel ${BUILD_JOBS}'
                         sh 'python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt'
                         sh 'python3 -m pip install pytest'
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ pipeline {
                                 -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=OFF \
                                 -DENABLE_LAYOUTS=ON \
                                 -DENABLE_MEMORY_TRAITS=OFF \
+                                -DENABLE_VIEW_RANKS=2 \
                                 -DENABLE_EXAMPLES=ON \
                                 -DENABLE_WERROR=OFF \
                                 -DENABLE_CTP=ON \
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ pipeline {
                         sh '''cmake -B build \
                                 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
                                 -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=OFF \
-                                -DENABLE_VIEW_RANKS=3 \
+                                -DENABLE_VIEW_RANKS=2 \
                                 -DENABLE_LAYOUTS=ON \
                                 -DENABLE_MEMORY_TRAITS=OFF \
                                 -DENABLE_EXAMPLES=ON \
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 8815149..299c057 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.11 FATAL_ERROR)
+CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.16 FATAL_ERROR)
 
 SET(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/Modules ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH})
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a571620..25ce953 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Here are the steps when Kokkos is added as a submodule:
         - **YES**: set `Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP=ON`
         - **NO**: `find_package(Threads)`
             - Was Threads found?
-                - **YES**: set `Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREADS=ON` (if not Windows)
+                - **YES**: set `Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS=ON` (if not Windows)
 - `find_package(CUDA)`
     - Was CUDA found?
         - **YES**: set:
diff --git a/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonKokkos.cmake b/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonKokkos.cmake
index c29e4e8..3176498 100644
--- a/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonKokkos.cmake
+++ b/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonKokkos.cmake
@@ -8,17 +8,24 @@ INCLUDE_GUARD(GLOBAL)
 INCLUDE(KokkosPythonUtilities)  # miscellaneous macros and functions
 
 # if first time cmake is run and no external/internal preference is specified,
-# try to find already installed kokkos
-IF(NOT DEFINED ENABLE_INTERNAL_KOKKOS AND NOT TARGET Kokkos::kokkoscore)
+# try to find already installed kokkos unless (A) the Kokkos targets already
+# exist or (B) pykokkos-base is being build via scikit-build. In the case
+# of scikit-build, we want to prefer the internal kokkos because it is
+# unlikely the user will see or kokkos which kokkos is found
+IF(NOT DEFINED ENABLE_INTERNAL_KOKKOS AND NOT TARGET Kokkos::kokkoscore AND NOT SKBUILD)
     FIND_PACKAGE(Kokkos)
     # set the default cache value
     IF(Kokkos_FOUND)
         SET(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS OFF)
+        # force using same compiler as kokkos
+        kokkos_compilation(GLOBAL)
     ELSE()
         SET(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS ON)
     ENDIF()
 ELSEIF(TARGET Kokkos::kokkoscore)
     SET(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS OFF)
+ELSEIF(NOT DEFINED ENABLE_INTERNAL_KOKKOS AND SKBUILD)
+    set(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS ON)
 ELSE()
     # make sure ADD_OPTION in KokkosPythonOptions has a value
     SET(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS ${ENABLE_INTERNAL_KOKKOS})
@@ -27,7 +34,9 @@ ENDIF()
 # force an error
 IF(NOT _INTERNAL_KOKKOS AND NOT TARGET Kokkos::kokkoscore)
     FIND_PACKAGE(Kokkos REQUIRED COMPONENTS launch_compiler)
+
     kokkos_compilation(GLOBAL)
+
     IF(NOT Kokkos_INCLUDE_DIR)
         GET_TARGET_PROPERTY(Kokkos_INCLUDE_DIR Kokkos::kokkoscore INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     ENDIF()
@@ -43,6 +52,7 @@ IF(NOT _INTERNAL_KOKKOS AND NOT TARGET Kokkos::kokkoscore)
     ADD_FEATURE(Kokkos_CXX_COMPILER "Compiler used to build Kokkos")
     ADD_FEATURE(Kokkos_CXX_COMPILER_ID "Compiler ID used to build Kokkos")
 ELSEIF(TARGET Kokkos::kokkoscore)
+
     IF(NOT Kokkos_INCLUDE_DIR)
         GET_TARGET_PROPERTY(Kokkos_INCLUDE_DIR Kokkos::kokkoscore INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
     ENDIF()
@@ -74,11 +84,11 @@ IF(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS)
     SET(Threads_FOUND OFF)
     SET(CUDA_FOUND OFF)
 
-    IF(NOT Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD)
+    IF(NOT Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS)
         FIND_PACKAGE(OpenMP QUIET)
     ENDIF()
 
-    IF(NOT DEFINED Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD AND NOT OpenMP_FOUND)
+    IF(NOT DEFINED Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS AND NOT OpenMP_FOUND)
         FIND_PACKAGE(Threads QUIET)
     ENDIF()
 
@@ -91,9 +101,9 @@ IF(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS)
     ADD_OPTION(ENABLE_THREADS "Enable Pthreads when building Kokkos submodule" ${Threads_FOUND})
     ADD_OPTION(ENABLE_CUDA "Enable CUDA when building Kokkos submodule" ${CUDA_FOUND})
 
-    # if OpenMP defaulted to ON but Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD was explicitly set,
+    # if OpenMP defaulted to ON but Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS was explicitly set,
     # disable OpenMP defaulting to ON
-    IF(ENABLE_OPENMP AND Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD)
+    IF(ENABLE_OPENMP AND Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS)
         SET(ENABLE_OPENMP OFF)
         SET(Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP OFF)
     ENDIF()
@@ -101,7 +111,7 @@ IF(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS)
     # always disable pthread backend since pthreads are not supported on Windows
     IF(WIN32)
         SET(ENABLE_THREADS OFF)
-        SET(Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD OFF)
+        SET(Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS OFF)
     ENDIF()
 
     # make sure this pykokkos-base option is synced to Kokkos option
@@ -115,8 +125,8 @@ IF(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS)
     ENDIF()
 
     # make sure this pykokkos-base option is synced to Kokkos option
-    IF(DEFINED Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD)
-        SET(ENABLE_THREADS ${Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD})
+    IF(DEFINED Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS)
+        SET(ENABLE_THREADS ${Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS})
     ENDIF()
 
     # make sure this pykokkos-base option is synced to Kokkos option
@@ -136,7 +146,7 @@ IF(_INTERNAL_KOKKOS)
 
     # define the kokkos option as default and/or get it to display
     IF(ENABLE_THREADS)
-        ADD_OPTION(Kokkos_ENABLE_PTHREAD "Build Kokkos submodule with Pthread support" ON)
+        ADD_OPTION(Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS "Build Kokkos submodule with Pthread support" ON)
     ENDIF()
 
     # define the kokkos option as default and/or get it to display
diff --git a/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonOptions.cmake b/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonOptions.cmake
index 507cfe9..ff6d094 100644
--- a/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonOptions.cmake
+++ b/cmake/Modules/KokkosPythonOptions.cmake
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ENDIF()
 
 # default UNITY_BUILD to ON except when compiling CUDA
 SET(_UNITY_BUILD ON)
-IF("CUDA" IN_LIST Kokkos_DEVICES)
+IF("CUDA" IN_LIST Kokkos_DEVICES OR ENABLE_CUDA OR Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA)
     SET(_UNITY_BUILD OFF)
 ENDIF()
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ SET(_ENABLE_MEM_DEFAULT ON)
 SET(_ENABLE_LAY_DEFAULT ON)
 # unless ENABLE_LAYOUTS or ENABLE_MEMORY_TRAITS were set
 # or, NVCC is really, really slow so never default memory traits to ON
-IF("CUDA" IN_LIST Kokkos_DEVICES)
+IF("CUDA" IN_LIST Kokkos_DEVICES OR ENABLE_CUDA OR Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA)
     # one or both of these will be ignored bc of existing cache values
     SET(_ENABLE_MEM_DEFAULT OFF)
     SET(_ENABLE_LAY_DEFAULT ON)
diff --git a/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
index aa8deb3..3817ffb 100644
--- a/examples/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.11 FATAL_ERROR)
+CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.16 FATAL_ERROR)
 
 PROJECT(Kokkos-Python-Example LANGUAGES C CXX)
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 6cb2c56..e43cfeb 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = [
-    "scikit-build",
-    "cmake>=3.16",
+    "setuptools >= 40.0.4",
+    "setuptools_scm >= 2.0.0",
+    "wheel >= 0.29.0",
+    "scikit-build >= 0.8.0",
+    "cmake >= 3.16.0",
 ]
+build-backend = 'setuptools.build_meta'
 
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 88
diff --git a/scripts/bundle-sdist.sh b/scripts/bundle-sdist.sh
index 168f10a..d6bcd60 100755
--- a/scripts/bundle-sdist.sh
+++ b/scripts/bundle-sdist.sh
@@ -6,8 +6,18 @@ if [ ${PWD} = ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} ]; then
     cd ..
 fi
 
+: ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE:=python3}
+
+if [ ! -f external/kokkos/CMakeLists.txt ]; then
+    git submodule update --init external/kokkos
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f external/pybind11/CMakeLists.txt ]; then
+    git submodule update --init external/pybind11
+fi
+
 rm -rf .eggs *.egg-info _skbuild dist
-python setup.py sdist
+${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} setup.py sdist -v -v -v
 cd dist
 sha256sum *
 gpg --detach-sign -a *