ImportError: dynamic module does not define module export function (PyInit_PIL__imaging) in Xcode 15.

[Kryptonh]

Versions

• Python : 3.10.10
• MacOS version : 14.5
• XCode Version : 15.4
• Cython version : 3.0.0

Describe the bug

I'm trying to use pillow in my project and I get the following error: ImportError: dynamic module does not define module export function (PyInit__imaging)

(I understand that this issue has been closed, but I have new xcode)

To Reproduce

git clone https://github.com/kivy/kivy-ios.git
cd kivy-ios/
python3 -m venv venv
. venv/bin/activate
pip install -e .
python3.10 toolchain.py build kivy python3
python3.10 toolchain.py pip3 install pillow

Expected behavior

Trying to import Pillow in my project

Logs

File "/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/checkxcode-ios/YourApp/main.py", line 9, in <module>
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/A526DF69-4967-4216-B81B-0368EF9B5044/checkxcode.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 114, in <module>
     from . import _imaging as core
   File "<string>", line 49, in load_module
   File "/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/dist/root/python3/lib/python3.11/imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
 ImportError: dynamic module does not define module export function (PyInit__imaging)

Xcode Logs

Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
  "_FT_Bitmap_Convert", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Bitmap_Done", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Bitmap_New", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Done_Face", referenced from:
      _font_dealloc in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Done_Glyph", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_getsize in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Get_Char_Index", referenced from:
      _text_layout in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _text_layout in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Get_Glyph", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_getsize in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Get_Kerning", referenced from:
      _text_layout in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Glyph_Get_CBox", referenced from:
      _font_getsize in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Glyph_Stroke", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Init_FreeType", referenced from:
      _PyInit__imagingft in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Library_Version", referenced from:
      _PyInit__imagingft in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Load_Glyph", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_getsize in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _text_layout in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _text_layout in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_New_Face", referenced from:
      _getfont in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_New_Memory_Face", referenced from:
      _getfont in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Select_Charmap", referenced from:
      _getfont in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes", referenced from:
      _getfont in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Stroker_Done", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Stroker_New", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_FT_Stroker_Set", referenced from:
      _font_render in libpillow.a[arm64][6](_imagingft.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_CreateCompress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_CreateDecompress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_add_quant_table", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_destroy_compress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_destroy_decompress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegDecodeCleanup in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_finish_compress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_finish_decompress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_read_header", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_read_scanlines", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_resync_to_restart", referenced from:
      _jpeg_buffer_src in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_set_defaults", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_set_quality", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_simple_progression", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_start_compress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_start_decompress", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_std_error", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegDecode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_suppress_tables", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_write_marker", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
  "_jpeg_write_scanlines", referenced from:
      _ImagingJpegEncode in libpillow.a[arm64][2](_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so.o)
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

Screenshots

Additional context

I noticed that I don't have libpillow.a in General -> Frameworks, Libraries and Embedded Content (not available for some reason)

Moreover, when I do an update to python3.10 toolchain.py [project_path], I get a series of errors:

Undefined symbol: _FT_Bitmap_Convert

Undefined symbol: _FT_Bitmap_Done

Undefined symbol: _FT_Bitmap_New

Undefined symbol: _FT_Done_Face

Undefined symbol: _FT_Done_Glyph

Undefined symbol: _FT_Get_Char_Index

Undefined symbol: _FT_Get_Glyph

Undefined symbol: _FT_Get_Kerning

Undefined symbol: _FT_Glyph_Get_CBox

Undefined symbol: _FT_Glyph_Stroke

Undefined symbol: _FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap

Undefined symbol: _FT_Init_FreeType

Undefined symbol: _FT_Library_Version

Undefined symbol: _FT_Load_Glyph

Undefined symbol: _FT_New_Face

Undefined symbol: _FT_New_Memory_Face

Undefined symbol: _FT_Select_Charmap

Undefined symbol: _FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes

Undefined symbol: _FT_Stroker_Done

Undefined symbol: _FT_Stroker_New

Undefined symbol: _FT_Stroker_Set

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_CreateCompress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_CreateDecompress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_add_quant_table

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_destroy_compress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_destroy_decompress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_finish_compress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_finish_decompress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_read_header

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_read_scanlines

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_resync_to_restart

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_set_defaults

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_set_quality

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_simple_progression

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_start_compress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_start_decompress

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_std_error

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_suppress_tables

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_write_marker

Undefined symbol: _jpeg_write_scanlines

Linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/checkxcode-ios/main.m
/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/checkxcode-ios/main.m:67:5 'PySys_SetArgv' is deprecated

/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/checkxcode-ios/main.m:70:5 'PyEval_InitThreads' is deprecated

[Kryptonh]

I removed libpillow.xcframework from Link binary with libraries in Build Phases in Xcode, the project starts normally, but I get the expected error: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'PIL', I guess the problem is in libpillow

[Kryptonh]

Okay, after long researching I removed 2/5 files with error from libpillow.a and fixed error with importing Pillow framework in Xcode,
but I still get the error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<string>", line 45, in load_module
   File "/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/dist/root/python3/lib/python3.11/imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 721, in _load
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 676, in _load_unlocked
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 573, in module_from_spec
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 1233, in create_module
   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
 ImportError: dynamic module does not define module export function (PyInit_PIL__imaging)
 
 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/wbstr-ios/YourApp/main.py", line 79, in <module>
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/kivy/app.py", line 956, in run
     runTouchApp()
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/kivy/base.py", line 574, in runTouchApp
     EventLoop.mainloop()
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/kivy/base.py", line 339, in mainloop
     self.idle()
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/kivy/base.py", line 379, in idle
     Clock.tick()
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/kivy/clock.py", line 733, in tick
     self.post_idle(ts, self.idle())
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/kivy/clock.py", line 776, in post_idle
     self._process_events()
   File "kivy/_clock.pyx", line 620, in kivy._clock.CyClockBase._process_events
   File "kivy/_clock.pyx", line 653, in kivy._clock.CyClockBase._process_events
   File "kivy/_clock.pyx", line 649, in kivy._clock.CyClockBase._process_events
   File "kivy/_clock.pyx", line 218, in kivy._clock.ClockEvent.tick
   File "/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/wbstr-ios/YourApp/main.py", line 63, in updt
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/v2.py", line 396, in imwrite
     with imopen(uri, "wi", **imopen_args) as file:
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/core/imopen.py", line 196, in imopen
     plugin_instance = candidate_plugin(request, **kwargs)
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/config/plugins.py", line 107, in partial_legacy_plugin
     return LegacyPlugin(request, legacy_plugin)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/core/legacy_plugin_wrapper.py", line 85, in __init__
     if not self._format.can_write(request):
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/core/format.py", line 249, in can_write
     return self._can_write(request)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/plugins/pillow_legacy.py", line 269, in _can_write
     Image = self._init_pillow()
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/imageio/plugins/pillow_legacy.py", line 247, in _init_pillow
     from PIL import Image
   File "/private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/C41062EE-7FC2-4C5C-8BBF-58602A29653A/wbstr.app/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 109, in <module>
     from . import _imaging as core
   File "<string>", line 49, in load_module
   File "/Users/kryptonh/kivy-ios/dist/root/python3/lib/python3.11/imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
 ImportError: dynamic module does not define module export function (PyInit__imaging)

Maybe Pillow 8.2.0 (standard recipe version for kivy-ios) too old for Xcode 15....?