Last updated: 2022-04-06
comorbidity is an R package for computing comorbidity scores such as
the weighted Charlson score and the Elixhauser comorbidity score; both
ICD-10 and ICD-9 coding systems are supported.
comorbidity is on CRAN. You can install it as usual with:
install.packages("comorbidity")Alternatively, you can install the development version from GitHub with:
# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("ellessenne/comorbidity")The comorbidity packages includes a function named sample_diag()
that allows simulating ICD diagnostic codes in a straightforward way.
For instance, we could simulate ICD-10 codes:
# load the comorbidity package
library(comorbidity)
## This is {comorbidity} version 1.0.2.
## A lot has changed since the last release on CRAN, please check-out breaking changes here:
## -> https://ellessenne.github.io/comorbidity/articles/C-changes.html
# set a seed for reproducibility
set.seed(1)
# simulate 50 ICD-10 codes for 5 individuals
x <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:5, size = 50, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 50)
)
x <- x[order(x$id, x$code), ]
print(head(x, n = 15), row.names = FALSE)
## id code
## 1 B02
## 1 B582
## 1 I749
## 1 J450
## 1 L893
## 1 Q113
## 1 Q26
## 1 Q978
## 1 T224
## 1 V101
## 1 V244
## 1 V46
## 2 A665
## 2 C843
## 2 D838It is also possible to simulate from two different versions of the ICD-10 coding system. The default is to simulate ICD-10 codes from the 2011 version:
set.seed(1)
x1 <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:3, size = 30, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 30)
)
set.seed(1)
x2 <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:3, size = 30, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 30, version = "ICD10_2011")
)
# should return TRUE
all.equal(x1, x2)
## [1] TRUEAlternatively, you could use the 2009 version:
set.seed(1)
x1 <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:3, size = 30, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 30, version = "ICD10_2009")
)
set.seed(1)
x2 <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:3, size = 30, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 30, version = "ICD10_2011")
)
# should not return TRUE
all.equal(x1, x2)
## [1] "Component \"code\": 30 string mismatches"ICD-9 codes can be easily simulated too:
set.seed(2)
x9 <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:3, size = 30, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 30, version = "ICD9_2015")
)
x9 <- x9[order(x9$id, x9$code), ]
print(head(x9, n = 15), row.names = FALSE)
## id code
## 1 01130
## 1 01780
## 1 30151
## 1 3073
## 1 36907
## 1 37845
## 1 64212
## 1 66704
## 1 72633
## 1 9689
## 1 V289
## 2 0502
## 2 09169
## 2 20046
## 2 25082The main function of the comorbidity package is named comorbidity(),
and it can be used to compute any supported comorbidity score; scores
can be specified by setting the score argument, which is required.
Say we have 3 individuals with a total of 30 ICD-10 diagnostic codes:
set.seed(1)
x <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:3, size = 30, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 30)
)We could compute the Charlson comorbidity domains:
charlson <- comorbidity(x = x, id = "id", code = "code", map = "charlson_icd10_quan", assign0 = FALSE)
charlson
## id mi chf pvd cevd dementia cpd rheumd pud mld diab diabwc hp rend canc msld metacanc aids
## 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
## 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
## 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0We set the assign0 argument to FALSE to not apply a hierarchy of
comorbidity codes, as described in ?comorbidity::comorbidity.
Alternatively, we could compute the Elixhauser score:
elixhauser <- comorbidity(x = x, id = "id", code = "code", map = "elixhauser_icd10_quan", assign0 = FALSE)
elixhauser
## id chf carit valv pcd pvd hypunc hypc para ond cpd diabunc diabc hypothy rf ld pud aids lymph
## 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
## 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## metacanc solidtum rheumd coag obes wloss fed blane dane alcohol drug psycho depre
## 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Weighted an unweighted comorbidity scores can be obtained using the
score() function:
unw_cci <- score(charlson, weights = NULL, assign0 = FALSE)
unw_cci
## [1] 2 1 0
## attr(,"map")
## [1] "charlson_icd10_quan"
quan_cci <- score(charlson, weights = "quan", assign0 = FALSE)
quan_cci
## [1] 6 2 0
## attr(,"map")
## [1] "charlson_icd10_quan"
## attr(,"weights")
## [1] "quan"
all.equal(unw_cci, quan_cci)
## [1] "Attributes: < Length mismatch: comparison on first 1 components >"
## [2] "Mean relative difference: 1.666667"Code for the Elixhauser score is omitted, but works analogously.
Conversely, say we have 5 individuals with a total of 100 ICD-9 diagnostic codes:
set.seed(3)
x <- data.frame(
id = sample(1:5, size = 100, replace = TRUE),
code = sample_diag(n = 100, version = "ICD9_2015")
)The Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity codes can be easily computed once again:
charlson9 <- comorbidity(x = x, id = "id", code = "code", map = "charlson_icd9_quan", assign0 = FALSE)
charlson9
## id mi chf pvd cevd dementia cpd rheumd pud mld diab diabwc hp rend canc msld metacanc aids
## 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
## 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 4 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
## 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0elixhauser9 <- comorbidity(x = x, id = "id", code = "code", map = "elixhauser_icd9_quan", assign0 = FALSE)
elixhauser9
## id chf carit valv pcd pvd hypunc hypc para ond cpd diabunc diabc hypothy rf ld pud aids lymph
## 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 4 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## metacanc solidtum rheumd coag obes wloss fed blane dane alcohol drug psycho depre
## 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
## 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Scores:
unw_eci <- score(elixhauser9, weights = NULL, assign0 = FALSE)
vw_eci <- score(elixhauser9, weights = "vw", assign0 = FALSE)
all.equal(unw_eci, vw_eci)
## [1] "Attributes: < Length mismatch: comparison on first 1 components >"
## [2] "Mean relative difference: 2"If you find comorbidity useful, please cite it in your publications:
citation("comorbidity")
##
## To cite the comorbidity package in publications, please use:
##
## Gasparini, (2018). comorbidity: An R package for computing comorbidity scores. Journal
## of Open Source Software, 3(23), 648, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00648
##
## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
##
## @Article{,
## author = {Alessandro Gasparini},
## title = {comorbidity: An R package for computing comorbidity scores},
## journal = {Journal of Open Source Software},
## year = {2018},
## volume = {3},
## issue = {23},
## pages = {648},
## doi = {10.21105/joss.00648},
## url = {https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00648},
## }More details on which comorbidity mapping and scoring algorithm are available within the package can be found in the two accompanying vignettes, which can be accessed on CRAN or directly from your R session:
vignette("01-introduction", package = "comorbidity")
vignette("02-comorbidity-scores", package = "comorbidity")The icon for the hex sticker was made by monkik from www.flaticon.com, and is licensed by Creative Commons BY 3.0.