diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 5e4503e4dfeb..8caaba089165 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ None for now
 
 ### Fixes
 
+* `[babel-jest]` moduleFileExtensions not passed to babel transformer.
+  ([#4637](https://github.com/facebook/jest/issues/4637))
+
 ### Features
 
 ### Chore & Maintenance
diff --git a/integration_tests/__tests__/transform.test.js b/integration_tests/__tests__/transform.test.js
index fe0ec5603fec..9e360b37af43 100644
--- a/integration_tests/__tests__/transform.test.js
+++ b/integration_tests/__tests__/transform.test.js
@@ -120,3 +120,18 @@ describe('multiple-transformers', () => {
     expect(json.numPassedTests).toBe(1);
   });
 });
+
+describe('ecmascript-modules-support', () => {
+  const dir = path.resolve(
+    __dirname,
+    '..',
+    'transform/ecmascript-modules-support',
+  );
+
+  it('runs transpiled code', () => {
+    // --no-cache because babel can cache stuff and result in false green
+    const {json} = runJest.json(dir, ['--no-cache']);
+    expect(json.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(json.numTotalTests).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/.babelrc b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/.babelrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7b2ac3418b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/.babelrc
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "presets": [
+    ["env", {
+      "targets": {
+        "node": "current"
+      },
+      "modules": "commonjs"
+    }]
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/__tests__/ecmascript-modules-support.mjs b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/__tests__/ecmascript-modules-support.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84c878a2595e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/__tests__/ecmascript-modules-support.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+'use strict';
+
+import {foo} from '../src/module';
+
+it('can be used with mjs files using babel-jest', () => {
+  expect(foo()).toBe('a');
+});
diff --git a/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/package.json b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b3145fb854df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "jest": {
+    "testEnvironment": "node",
+    "moduleFileExtensions": ["js", "json", "jsx", "node", "mjs"],
+    "testMatch": [ "**/__tests__/**/*.mjs"],
+    "transform": {
+      "^.+\\.mjs?$": "../../../packages/babel-jest"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/src/index.mjs b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/src/index.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..311817aa3eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/src/index.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import {foo} from './module';
+
+foo();
diff --git a/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/src/module.mjs b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/src/module.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..73104d324790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/transform/ecmascript-modules-support/src/module.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const foo = () => 'a';
diff --git a/packages/babel-jest/src/index.js b/packages/babel-jest/src/index.js
index 0de53fb61b9c..4dd71bacbe87 100644
--- a/packages/babel-jest/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-jest/src/index.js
@@ -104,7 +104,10 @@ const createTransformer = (options: any) => {
       config: ProjectConfig,
       transformOptions: TransformOptions,
     ): string {
-      if (babelUtil && !babelUtil.canCompile(filename)) {
+      const altExts = config.moduleFileExtensions.map(
+        extension => '.' + extension,
+      );
+      if (babelUtil && !babelUtil.canCompile(filename, altExts)) {
         return src;
       }